DB2 Survival Guide

DB2 Survival Guide
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http://www.michael-thomas.com/tech/db2/db2_survival_guide.htm
DB2 Survival Guide

DB2 Environment Basics
Creating a Database and Tables (v6.0 & v7.0)
Topic
Create a Database
Create a Table in a
Database
Description
Using "Command Line Processor" to Create a Database
Start, Programs, IBM DB2, Command Line Processor
db2 => create database <database name>
Ex: create database test
db2 => quit
Using "Command Center" to Create a Database
Start, Programs, IBM DB2, Command Center
Click on the "Interactive" tab.
type: create database LS5
Click on the "Gears" icon. Wait for the message "CREATE
DATABASE command completed successfully."
Using "Control Center" to Create a Database
Start, Program Files, DB2 for Win NT, Control Center.
Now that you are in Control Center, click down the tree by choosing:
<computer>, Instances, DB2, Databases.
Right click, then click on "Create", "Database using Smart Guide". You
can choose the defaults from there.
Some fields you'll need to fill out:
"New Database Name" (only 8 characters),
Alias (can leave blank)
Comment - anything you want.
Other Screens
You can accept all of the defaults by just clicking on "Next"
or "Finish"
Create a system user which will be used to logon to the database & it's tables.
Now login as that user. Now when you create the TABLE it will assign the
user name as the SCHEMA name. If you don't specify the schema DB2 will
use the name of the user as the SCHEMA prefix to the table name.
Ex: THOMASMA.TEST - <schema name>.<table name>
Using "Command Line Processor" to Create a Table
create table test <... rest of SQL code ....>
Using "Control Center" to Create a Database
Start, Program Files, DB2 for Win NT, Control Center.
Now that you are in Control Center, click down the tree by choosing:
<computer>, Instances, DB2, Databases. Then click on the Database
name.
Right click and choose: "Create using Wizard". You can choose the
defaults from there.
Some fields you'll need to fill out:
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Table schema: leave blank to default to the UserID you are

logged in as.
Table name: (8 characters)
Next create the fields, primary key, etc...
SQL example:
connect to SAMPLE
create table TEST ( "USERID" character (8) not null, "FIRST"
character (15), "LAST" character(20), primary key (USERID) )
Using: DB2 Command Center

Launch: Start, Programs, IBM DB2, Command Center.
Topic
Importing external
Scripts
Description
Import and run an external Script
Launch the "Script Center": Tools, Script Center
Import a .sql script file.
I've found that DB2 does not like carriage returns or line feeds. Make
your commands be on one long line or use "\" for multiple lines.
Fill out the prompted information.
Select the script. Click on "Selected", then "Run Now"
You'll need to launch the "Journal" to see if the script ran successfully.
Notes:
The script is imported into DB2 not linked to, therefore changes made to the
script's physical file after the import will not change the imported script.
Connect to a DB
SQL: (Connect to a Database).

connect to <dbname> user <username> using <userpswd>
ex: connect to TEST user db2admin using db2admin
View a tables structure SQL:

Connect to the DB first.
describe table <schema>.<tablename>
Interactive Tab vs
Script Tab
Interactive Tab - only allows one SQL command.

Script Tab - You can place many SQL commands and highlight the ones you want
to run.
I like to use the Script Tab.
Using: DB2 Control Center

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Topic
Privileges, Authorities and
Access Rights
Description
Grant Access to a Database
Launch "Control Center"
<MachineName>, Instances, DB2, Databases. Next right click on the
DB and choose "Authorities".
Grant access to a Table
Launch "Control Center"
<MachineName>, Instances, DB2, Databases, <db name>, tables.
Next right click on the Table. Choose "Privileges".
View Sample Data from a

Table
Steps:
Go to the Tables View (Ex: Systems, <MachineName>, Instances,
DB2, Databases, <DatabaseName>, Tables.
Right Click on the Table you want to view Sample contents.
Choose "Sample Contents"
Shows the first 50 records. Press next for the next 50.
"Filter" - click on "Filter" to run a basic query and filter out
records.
View and Modify a Table

Structure
Steps:
Go to the Tables View (Ex: Systems, <MachineName>, Instances,DB2,
Databases, <DatabaseName>, Tables.
Double click on the Table you want to View/Modify. (Note: You can
also right click on the Table and choose "Alter".)
There is a Table for the following:
Table
Columns - shows the structure of the table.
Primary Key
Foreign Keys
Check Constraints
Note: There is a "Show Sql" tab that will show you the SQL that DB2
will perform to make the changes - really neat!
Copy a Database
Steps:
Optional: If the Database is in use when you go to backup, you may
need to Stop and Start DB2:
Right click on "DB2" (Ex: Systems, <MachineName>, Instances, DB2)
Click Stop.
Next, Click Start
Right click on the DB Name: Choose "Backup", "Database". Now
complete the information on the screens and then click "Backup Now".
Note: Directory must already exist to where you want to backup
up to.
To view the status and output of the job, use the Jobs page on the
Journal (Tools, Journal). Or you can wait for the second
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message to pop up that tells you if the job completed

successfully. If you get a backup error you need to go to the
Journal to see why.
To Restore a DB from a backup.
Right click on the DB Name: Choose "Restore", "Database".
Note: All connections to the DB must be released. You can use the
following SQL:
connect reset
force application all
Also, you may need to close "Control Center" and launch it again to
release the connection.
To Restore to a new DB name from a backup!
Right click on the DB Name: Choose "Restore to New"
Note: If you get error, you may want to exit "Control Center" and
launch it again prior to the below steps.
First, click on the tab "Backup Image" and select the backup file.
Second, click on the tab "Description" and specify the "new
database name". Enter the new database name.
"Show SQL" - This button will show you the SQL code for the
Backup and Restore operation it will run.
Using: Command Line Processor

Topic
Command help
Description
Command Help
? <enter> - List commands
? backup command - List help on a specific command.
Backup and Restore or Backup and Restore (also Copy a DB).

Copy a DB.
Create a directory to backup to:
Ex: C:\db2\mybackup
Backup your DB:
Ex: db2 => backup database SAMPLE TO c:\db2\mybackup
Restore the DB:

db2 => restore database SAMPLE from C:\db2\mybackup
Restore the DB to another name (ie: Copy DB):
db2 => restore database SAMPLE from C:\db2\mybackup into MYSAMPLE
Application Heap Size If you're getting Heap Size errors, the double the size of the heap.
db2 =>
get dbm cfg - Displays the current aslheapsz:
update dbm cfg using aslheapsz 30 - Sets the heap size to 30.
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Run SQL Commands
db2=> (examples)
list database directory - lists databases on DB2 server
connect to sample user db2admin using db2admin - connects to a db.
list tables - lists tables in the DB.
describe select * from emp_act - lists the structure of a table.
select * from EMP_ACT - list the contents in the table.
Help
Help
db2 => ? - this will give a list of commands.
db2 => ? connect to - this will give help on the "connect to" command.
Using: Command Window

Topic
Command Window
Description
Initializes the DB2 Command Line environment and then takes you to the
directory: C:\PROGRAM~1\SQLLIB\BIN
Uses:
You can run DB2 exe programs.
You can run DB2 SQL commands. (Examples)
db2 list database directory - lists databases on DB2 server
db2 - connects to a db.
db2 list tables - lists tables in the DB.
db2 - lists the structure of a table.
db2 select * from EMP_ACT - list the contents in the table.
Using: DB2 Scripts & DOS

Topic
Running External Scripts
Description
Running External Scripts
Name your scripts with a .ddl extension.
Example script: (filename: myplaytestscript.ddl)
DROP DB MYPLAY
CREATE DB MYPLAY
CONNECT TO MYPLAY
CREATE TABLE MYTESTTABLE ( \
"TESTVARCHAR" VARCHAR(50) \
)
DESCRIBE SELECT * FROM MYTESTTABLE
SELECT * FROM MYTESTTABLE
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DISCONNECT MYPLAY
DROP DB MYPLAY
TERMINATE
Create the following batch file:
(Filename: myplaytestscript.bat)
db2cmd db2 -f myplaytestscript.ddl
pause
Run the batch file.
NOTES
db2cmd.exe default install directory is:
"C:\Program Files\SQLLIB\bin\db2cmd.exe"
Basic SQL for DB2 (examples)

Topic
General Notes
Description
Strings are enclosed in single quotes (ex: 'My string') not in double
quotes.
Coding
Comments: -- This is a comment.
Multiple lines: use the character "\".
ex: select * from TEST \
order by ID
Escape character.
To insert a single quote, use 2 single quotes ( '' ). To insert pet's
use the following pet''s.
Example:
insert into MYTABLE (question,answer) values ('What is your
pet''s name?','blacky')
Connect/Use a Database
(Also Disconnect)
Connect to a Database.
(Warning: If you don't specify a username & password you will connect to
the DB as your current Windows login. Check the "Schema" via the Control
Center to see what user you need to log in as.)
connect to <database name>
connect to <database name> user <username> using
<userpassword> (Remember that correct authorities must be granted
at the database level to access the database. You can use "Control
Center" for this.)
disconnect <database name> - allows you to clear the connection.
Good way to commit, close a database, and terminate script.
COMMIT WORK
CONNECT RESET
TERMINATE
List structure of a Table
List Structure of a Table
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DESCRIBE SELECT * FROM [table]
Tables
SQL commands
List tables in a Database:
list tables for all - this will show you all of the tables.
Another more technical way:
select name, creator from sysibm.systables order by name this will only show you the tables you have access to.
Create a Table:
create table <table name>(<column name1> integer, <column
name2> char(12), [etc...])
Sequence Numbers (see AutoNumber below)
SQL commands
AutoNumber for ID's

Sequence Numbers.
Select data.
select * from <table name>
Insert a row.
insert into <table name> values (1,'hello')
(Note: 1 goes into the first field, 'hello' into the 2nd etc...)
insert into <table name> (<column1>, <column2) values (<value1>,
<value2>)
Update fields.
update <table> set <field> = 'New info' where <field> = 'Old Info'
Example of having DB2 create an ID number
create table TESTING ( TEST_ID integer not null generated always
as identity (start with 0, increment by 1, no cache) primary key,
NAME varchar (30) )
Special Functions
Special Functions
where DOUBLE(MYSTRING) > 0.0 - converts a from a string to a
double.
where INTEGER(MYSTRING) > 0.0 - converts from a string to an
integer.
SUBSTR - SUBSTR(<string>,<start>,<length>)
Example:
select FIRSTNME, LASTNAME, SUBSTR(FIRSTNME,1,4),
SUBSTR(LASTNAME,2,4) from db2admin.EMPLOYEE
Returns:
JOHN
PARKER
JOHN ARKE
PHILIP SMITH
PHIL MITH
MAUDE SETRIGHT MAUD ETRI
Lower/Upper Case
Lower/Upper Case: On CHARACTER or VARCHAR

LOWER(<fieldname>)
LCASE(<filedname>)
UPPER(<filedname>)
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UCASE(<filedname>)
Examples using the Sample DB (SAMPLE) that is installed with DB2.
Make sure your commands are on one line. These examples were
tested in the "Command Center's" Script area. Highlight the code you
want to run and press the "Gears" icon.
connect to SAMPLE
insert into DEPARTMENT (DEPTNO, DEPTNAME, MGRNO,
ADMRDEPT, LOCATION) VALUES ('4AA', '4Test','X','X','X'),
('AA4', 'Test','X','X','X')
select * from DEPARTMENT
SELECT LCASE(DEPTNAME) FROM DEPARTMENT WHERE DEPTNAME =
'4Test'
SELECT LCASE(DEPTNAME) FROM DEPARTMENT WHERE
LCASE(DEPTNAME) = '4test'
SELECT DEPTNAME FROM DEPARTMENT WHERE LCASE(DEPTNAME) =
'4test'
LCASE(DEPTNAME) like '4%'
LCASE(DEPTNAME) like 't%'
LCASE(DEPTNAME) like '%t%'
SELECT DEPTNAME FROM DEPARTMENT WHERE LCASE(DEPTNAME)
like '4%'
delete from DEPARTMENT where DEPTNAME = 'Test'
delete from DEPARTMENT where DEPTNAME = '4Test'
select * from DEPARTMENT
Date Time
Date/Time
CURRENT TIMESTAMP - insert the current date/time as a
TIMESTAMP.
Ex: insert into testing.TEST (timestamp) \
values (CURRENT TIMESTAMP)
CURRENT DATE
CURRENT TIME
Comparators
Compare
IN
select * where MYSTRING in ('hello','world')
select * where MYINTEGER in (1,2,3,4,5)
Left Join
Left Join
Example #1: Joins the MYADDRESS & MYSTATE tables together using
the STATE field as the common value so that the STATENAME can be
retrieved.
select MYADDRESS.STATE AS STATE, MYSTATE.STATENAME AS
STATENAME \
from MYADDRESS \
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left join MYSTATE as MYSTATE \

on MYSTATE.STATE = STATE \
Left Join Examples using the -- List Employee and the name of his work department.
"SAMPLE" DB
select EMPLOYEE.EMPNO as EMPNO, FIRSTNME, MIDINIT,
LASTNAME, WORKDEPT, DEPARTMENT.DEPTNAME as
WORKDEPT_NAME from db2admin.EMPLOYEE as EMPLOYEE \
left join db2admin.DEPARTMENT as DEPARTMENT on
DEPARTMENT.DEPTNO = EMPLOYEE.WORKDEPT \
where EMPLOYEE.EMPNO = '000010'
-- List Departments and it's Administrative Department
select DEPARTMENT.DEPTNO, DEPARTMENT.DEPTNAME,
DEPARTMENT.ADMRDEPT, ADMINDEPT.DEPTNAME as
ADMIN_DEPTNAME from db2admin.DEPARTMENT as DEPARTMENT \
left join db2admin.DEPARTMENT as ADMINDEPT on
ADMINDEPT.DEPTNO = DEPARTMENT.ADMRDEPT
-- List of Employees and the projects that they have worked on.
LASTNAME, PROJNO from db2admin.EMPLOYEE as EMPLOYEE \
left join db2admin.EMP_ACT as EMP_ACT on EMP_ACT.EMPNO =
EMPLOYEE.EMPNO \
-- List of Employees and the projects that they have worked on and the
Project's name.
LASTNAME, PROJNO from db2admin.EMPLOYEE as EMPLOYEE \
EMPLOYEE.EMPNO \
-- List of Employees and the projects that they have worked on and the
Project's name with the Major Project name.
select EMPLOYEE.EMPNO as EMPNO, EMPLOYEE.FIRSTNME as
FIRSTNME, EMPLOYEE.MIDINIT as MIDINT,
EMPLOYEE.LASTNAME as LASTNAME, \
EMP_ACT.PROJNO as PROJNO, \
PROJECT.PROJNAME as PROJNAME, PROJECT.MAJPROJ as
MAJPROJ, \
MAJOR_PROJECT.PROJNAME as MAJ_PROJ_NAME \
from db2admin.EMPLOYEE as EMPLOYEE \
EMPLOYEE.EMPNO \
left join db2admin.PROJECT as PROJECT on PROJECT.PROJNO =
EMP_ACT.PROJNO \
left join db2admin.PROJECT as MAJOR_PROJECT on
MAJOR_PROJECT.PROJNO = PROJECT.MAJPROJ \
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Date example using the

"Sample" DB
-- Select records less than equal to a date ( <= )

select EMPNO, EMSTDATE from db2admin.EMP_ACT \
where EMSTDATE <= '01/01/1982'
-- Select records for a date ( = )
where EMSTDATE = '06/01/1982'
-- Select records bases on a range.
where EMSTDATE >= '06/01/1982' and EMSTDATE <= '07/01/1982'
-- Select records based on a year.
where year(EMSTDATE) > 1982
Command Window (DOS)

Access by: Start, Program Files, DB2 for Win NT, Command Window. This will normally open up a
DOS window in the directory "\SQLLIB\BIN"
Now add "db2" infront of SQL commands. (ex: db2 connect to <database name>)
Data Types
Documentation: DB2 Information Center, then "Books" tab, then click on "SQL Getting Started", then look
for "Data Types" in the left navigation window.
Datatype
INTEGER
SMALLINT
BIGINT
CHAR(x)
VARCHAR(x)
LONG VARCHAR
DATE
TIMESTAMP
TIME
DOUBLE
CLOB
BLOB
Notes
range is -2147483648 to 2147483647
range is -32768 to 32767
range is -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807
Maximum length of 254
Ex: 'Some info '
Maximum length of 32672
Ex: 'Some info '
3 Parts: 1991-10-27
7 Parts: 1991-10-27-13.30.05.000000
3 Parts: 13.30.05
range is -1.79769E+308 to -2.225E-307 or 2.225E-307 to 1.79769E+308
or zero
Length in Bytes
Length in Bytes
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DECIMAL(x,x)
REAL
GRAPHIC(x)
Precision & Scale

range is -10**31+1 to 10**31-1
range is -3.402E+38 to -1.175E-37 or 1.175E-37 to -3.402E+38 or zero
x must be between 1 and 127, inclusive.
A graphic string is a sequence of double-byte character data.
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