Abstract:
Present paper gives an overview of the
hard coating technology in the world and
in the Estonia. Variety of coatings used in
tooling, their structure, hardness and
some examples of application discussed in
the work. Analysis of the influence of
different deposition parameters to the
coating properties is given.
Key words: hard coatings, PVD, arc
evaporation, tool coating
1. INTRODUCTION
The term physical vapour deposition
(PVD) seems to have been originally
termed by the authors Powell, C.F.; Oxley,
J.H. and Blocher, J.M. Jr. in 1968. [1].
PVD is used in manufacturing to
improve mechanical, tribological and
decorative properties of components
beyond those available by traditional
methods and in an environmentally safe
manner. In the mid 1970s the magnetron
sputtering, controlled reactive sputter
deposition and the use of controlled
concurrent ion bombardment as a process
parameter were commercially introduced.
Since 1980, tool coatings formed by PVD
technologies have become reality, and an
industry has envolved around PVD tool
coatings based on the work of the early
pioneers in this field.
The first generation of hard PVD
coatings were single metal nitrides such as
TiN, CrN and ZrN. They have been
exploited commercially since the middle of
the 1980s in cutting applications because
H1
2004
(m)
231.4
211.5
48.6
Change
%
+8
+10
27.1
+22
22.3
+31
24.7
5.6
19.1
24.4
6.0p
2.25p
+11
+5
+12
+4
Market value for thin hard coatings (BMBF Studie 1996 SehOHTA)
surface protection
decorative
optics
electronics
memory technology
barrier technology
optoelectronics
medical technology
0
20
40
60
80
100
billion EUR
Fig. 4 Multilayer
TiN
coating
experimental metal sheet forming tool
on
3.
DEPOSITION
METHODS,
PROCESSES AND COATINGS
3.1
Deposition
processes
methods
and
Cathodic
Arc