Ma. Kristina L.

caranto
BSBA ID

007/07/15

1.Deffine Cell?
(Science: Cell Biology)
1. The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
2. An autonomous self-replicating unit that may exist as functional independent unit of life (as in the case of unicellular organism), or as sub-unit in
a multicellularorganism (such as in plants and animals) that is specialized into carrying out particular functions towards the cause of the organism as a
whole.
3. A membrane bound structure containing biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
Supplement
There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells (e.g. bacterial cells) and eukaryotic cells (e.g. plant or animal cell). The main difference between
the two is a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a membranous nuclear envelope present only in eukaryotic cells. Despite this difference they share a
number of common features: the genetic information is stored in genes, proteins serve as their main structural material, ribosomes are used to
synthesize proteins, adenosine triphosphate is the main source of metabolic energy to sustain various cellular processes, and a cell membrane that
controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell.
Word origin: From Latin cella.
Related forms: cellular (adjective)
See also: cell biology, cytology, stem cell.

2.What are the parts of cell give the function of each other?
Cell Parts and Functions Table
Cell Organelle

Cell Function

Nucleus

Directs all cell activities "Brain or Control Center of cell"

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

Controls what passes in and out of the nucleus

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance found inside cell that acts as a medium for chemical reactions
within the cell

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

Packages the proteins made by the ribosomes so they can be sent out of the cell. The
UPS store of the cell

Mitochondrion

"powerhouse of the cell" breaks down sugar molecules to release energy, site of
cellular respiration, double membrane, self-replicating, contains own DNA, cristae

Vacuole

"Storage tanks" Can hold food, water or waste for the cell

Ribosome

Makes proteins for the cell, can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or
free in the cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Transportation network for the cell, moves materials around in the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)- endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes
attached.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- does not have ribosomes attached

Lysosome

"Stomach of the cell" Helps the cell digest food, waste and worn out cell parts

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes and rRNA( stuff ribosomes are made of)

Cell Membrane (plasma membrane)

"Gatekeeper" Separates the cell from the rest of the environment and helps control
what passes in and out of the cell. Semi-permeable: allows some materials to pass
through but not all

Chloroplast

A special plastid that contains chlorophyll a pigment that captures the sun's energy to
produce glucose in a process called photosynthesis

Cell Wall

Rigid outer layer made of cellulose that supports and protects the cell (plant, fungi,
and bacterial cells)

Vesicle

Stores and Transports substances from the Golgi Body to the cell membrane for
export. "The UPS truck of the cell"

Cytoskeleton

gives support and shape to the cell, made of proteins

Centriole

Organizes special parts of the cytoskeleton called microtubules for cell division,
migrates to opposite ends (poles) of the cell to assist with cell division

3.Give the difference between a plant and animal cell ??

Difference Between Plant And Animal Cells
Plant and animal cells are both eukaryotic cells. However, there are distinct differences between the cells found in plants and those found in animals.
The differences between the two types of cells can be seen with a light microscope. Below is a list of the major differences:
ANIMAL CELLS

PLANT CELLS

Does not have a cell wall, irregular Has a cell wall, regular in shape
in shape
No chloroplast present

Chloroplast present

Small temporary vacuoles or no

vacuole

Large vacuoles located in the centre of

the cell

Starch grains not present

Starch grains present

The nucleus is usually located

centrally

Due to the central location of the

vacuole, the nucleus of the cell may be
located at the edge of the cell

TYPICAL ANIMAL CELL

Similarities between plant and animal cells:

-Both have a cell surface membrane that surrounds the cell.
-Both contain endoplasmic reticulum
-Both have cytoplasm
-Both contain ribosomes
-Both contain a nucleus
-Both contain mitochondria

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