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27/04/2011

HDRI exterior lighting with Vray


Written by MintViz// 131Comments//
An outline of the techniques used for rendering an exterior scene using Autodesk 3ds Max and
Chaos Group Vray. A HDR image will be used to light and reflect the environment and VraySun as
the direct light source for a typical sunny day scene.
HDRI stands for high-dynamic-range imaging, which is a 32bit float image format that allows a
greater dynamic range of luminance between the lightest and darkest areas of an image.
A HDR image holds enough information to light a scene, where as images such as JPEGs do not
hold enough information to light a scene successfully. HDR images can produce good results, but
the intensity is still not enough to give realistic hard shadows that would come from the sun. By
adding in VraySun as a direct light source, the two methods combined will allow for easy control
over time of day and various types of weather conditions.
Before I start, I would like to point out that I will be using a linear workflow with a gamma 2.2 setup
within 3ds Max and Vray. I strongly recommend setting this up as it will improve many areas within
your workflow. You can find an easy to follow, step by step guide here. This tutorial will not go
through the Vray render settings, but you can find a detailed explanation of how to set up the Vray
renderer here.

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Finding the right HDR image


The choice for time of day and weather conditions will determine what HDR image is required.
Within this tutorial it will be a sunny midday HDR image with minimal cloud which you can purchase
and download yourself from here. There are various shapes and sizes of HDR images out there on
the web. You will need to make sure that the HDR image is a 360 degree spherical image and the
higher the resolution the better. When a spherical HDR image has been applied as an environment,
Autodesk 3ds Max wraps the HDR image around a sphere. None spherical HDR images will not
wrap around the sphere correctly and produce incorrect results. Resolution matters only if you are
planning to use the HDR image as a back plate. If the HDR image is only to be used to light a
scene, you can get away with a much smaller resolution.
You would want a HDR image that has maximum sky and a hint of a horizon. Typically a HDR
image is pure black under the horizon and therefore will not cast any light. In theory it will also be
covered up by geometry.

You can also find HDR images that are pure sky with no horizon. This type of HDR image allows for
maximum light, there is no pure black present.
Aligning the HDR image in the viewport
A 360 degree spherical image has a narrow aspect ratio. By default the 3ds Max viewport is 4:3
(1.33) which is a standard resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. As a result of this, you will not be able to
see the full height of the HDR image no matter what aspect ratio you choose and this is due to the
nature of a computer screen. The majority of exterior visualisations are viewed from a persons eye
line. If the sun is high up in the sky, it will not be visible within the viewport.
Start by setting your 3ds Max standard environment to a VrayHDRI.

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Next drag and drop the material from the environment rollout to an empty slot in your material
editor. Choose instance and then load in your HDR image. Here you can select spherical for
the mapping type.

Go to views, viewport background and tick use environment background and display

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background. Under apply source and display to change the view type to all views.

HDR images are typically over exposed and may appear blown out in your viewport. To fix this,
lower the overall multiplier so that you can clearly make out brightest spot within the HDR image,
in this case it is the sun with no clouds. The render multiplier is there if you only wish to affect the
map upon render time and not in the viewport.

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Next add a Vray physical camera to your scene and point the target up in the sky. Move around
the viewport and locate the brightest spot within the HDR image. Ideally the brightest spot needs to
be in the centre of your viewport. You can leave the Vray physical camera settings at their default.
Do not rotate your HDR image using the horizontal rotation in the material editor; this will need to
remain at 0.0.

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Once you have aligned the Vray Physical Camera to the bright spot within the HDR image, change
the HDR image overall multiplier back to 1. Render your scene using the Vray physical camera with
everything hidden so you only render the viewport environment. Once complete, within the Vray
frame buffer click duplicate to Max frame buffer and leave it open. This is used as a reference so
you can check that the VraySun lines up correctly.

Adding the VraySun


Add a Vray sun to the scene and choose yes to adding a VraySky map to the environment when
prompted. This will replace the current HDR image in the viewport. Again, the VraySky map may be
over exposed but there is no need to view the VraySky within the viewport, so turn off the viewport
background.
Using the align tool, align the VraySun target to the Vray physical camera and then align the Vray
physical camera target to the VraySun. The height of the VraySun will vary depending on where the
bright spot is within the HDR image. The higher the VraySun the brighter the VraySky, this simulates
the time of day. As an example the height of the VraySun for this scene after matching it to the HDR
image is roughly 50 times the height of the building.

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Render only the environment background using the Vray physical camera. If your sky is over
exposed then adjust the f-number of the Vray physical camera to something like 12. Compare the
rendered VraySky to the previously rendered HDR image. Both suns should be roughly in the same
place within the image.
You may need to adjust the size of the sun within the VraySun parameters. Adjust the size
multiplier but keep in mind that the larger the sun, the softer the shadows. A range of 2 10 is
adequate. All other settings can remain at their defaults.
Depending on the scene, there are multiple options available for the type of sky used with the
VraySun.
Preetham et al
This is typical blue sky that has a visible atmospheric haze.
CIE Clear
Again a typical blue sky, but it has less atmospheric haze which tends to give a deeper more
saturated blue
CIE Overcast
A very diffuse and desaturated sky that you would typically get in overcast weather conditions. You
would normally use very soft shadows, which are controlled by the sun size.

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Adding environment light


Place a VrayLight in to the scene and change the type to dome, set the intensity multiplier to 1
and under texture, drag and drop the HDR image from the material editor and chose instance.
Make sure the Vray light dome is perpendicular to the ground plane.
If you want the HDR image to be visible when rendered, keep invisible un-ticked and if you plan to
add your own sky in, post production then tick invisible. The VraySky will then be the background for
the render; this can be removed via an alpha mask whereas the HDR image cannot.

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The resolution and the adaptiveness of the texture affect the way shadow rays are generated
towards bright area of the HDR image. Increasing the resolution requires more RAM and slows
down the render times slightly, but it will make the adaptation follow more closely with the intensity
of the HDR image. Within the majority of scenes this goes unnoticed, so the default resolution and
adaptive amount is adequate.
Setting up the multipliers
In the material editor, make sure the HDR image overall multiplier is set to 1. Also set the VraySun
multiplier to 1. You can control the level of intensity via the Vray physical camera settings. Keeping
all multipliers at 1 and the default settings for the Vray Physical Camera is a good starting point.
Then adjust the exposure to suit your scene. You can turn off the Vray dome light and complete a
test render to see the effects of the VraySun and vice versa. By doing this you can see how one is
affecting the other and then find a healthy balance between the two.
Making final adjustments
Remove the VraySky from the 3ds Max standard environment as this is no longer required because
the scene will be lit via the Vray dome light. It was only used to make sure that the VraySun was
aligned to the HDR image correctly and was the right size.
Next within the Vray physical camera settings, change the white balance to daylight as this will
add a colour filter to the render. This is not a requirement, you can choose to have a neutral colour
balance of white if you prefer.

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You may need to increase the sampling subdivisions of the Vray dome light. If your shadows are
very noisy, increase the subdivisions by multiples of 8 until you are satisfied with the results.

The resulting render has a visible reflection within the windows. The Vray dome light does two
things, illuminates the scene and adds a reflective environment. There is no need to add a reflection

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map in the Vray GI environment (skylight) override.


Rotating the VraySun and HDR image
At the moment the sun is to the right of the building. Obviously if you were to move the VraySun to
front or the left side you would want the HDR image to rotate also, so that the two suns stay
together. This can be achieved by wiring the horizontal rotation of the HDR image to the Z rotation
of the Vray dome light.
When rotating HDR images, they are rotated by degrees. Because the 3ds Max rotation is also in
degrees, wiring HDR image and the Vray dome light together is very straight forward. There would
only be any complication when trying to wire an image that uses U and V as rotation, which is
essentially X and Y coordinates. If for example you use EXR images instead of HDR images, you
would need some method of converting the different forms of rotation.
Hide everything within your scene except the VraySun and the Vray dome light. In the top view,
position the Vray dome light half way between the VraySun and its target, it doesnt have to be
exactly to centre.
Using the select and link tool, select both the VraySun and its s target and link them to the Vray
dome light. Test that the link was successful by rotating the Vray dome light on its Z axis, the
VraySun and its target should rotate around the Vray dome light. If you have rotated the Vray dome
light, undo this step as it needs to be in its original position.

Still in the top view, select and right click the Vray dome light and choose wire parameters,
transform, rotation, and then Z rotation.

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A wire will appear prompting for you to select an object so select the Vray dome light itself. Then
choose object (VrayLight), texture, and then horizontal rotation.

In the new pop up window, choose one-way connection: left parameter controls right
parameter. In the expression window put a (Minus) in front of Z_Rotation. This is to make both

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the Vray dome light and HDR image rotate in the same direction. Otherwise the Vray dome light will
rotate in a clockwise direction and the HDR image will rotate in an anticlockwise direction. Press
connect and close the window.

This allows you to control the rotation of the HDR image shown within the material editor by rotating
the Vray dome light on the Z axis within the viewport. Now the position of the brightest spot within
the HDR image will follow the VraySun. You will notice that you can no longer rotate the HDR image
by horizontal rotation within the material editor, this is now greyed out. You can see the results by
rotating the Vray dome light and watching the HDR image within the material editor rotate in real
time.

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Tagged: 3D visualisation , Autodesk 3ds Max , Exterior render , HDR image , Tutorial , V-Ray ,

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VRaySky , VRaySun

131 Comments

1.

Reply
Nikhil on May 12, 2011 at 8:31 am said:
Hi gone trough the steps, i got stuck after adding ,hdri in max environment in the view port,
before i explain i dont have very same hdri you have shown, my hdri brightest point is behind
trees, but in view port the hdri appears dark when i try to adjust the brightness increasing
overall mult value, the view port image get bright and washed out,i cant see sky color its burn
even increasing 1.1 value, when i set gama value 2.2 in hdri material the background image
appears proper color in max back ground.
once the i proper color in view port after giving 2.2 value in vray hdri material,when i try to
render without any mesh in scene, the render image appears dark now over i got stuck , shall i
increase f number or color mapping
thanks for clearing concept! can you please what shall i do.

Reply
jpcutler85 on May 12, 2011 at 11:18 am said:
Nikhil,
HDR images are meant to be kept linear. (Gamma 1.0) You should not adjust the
Gamma of the HDR image.
Lowering the multiplier allows you to easily identify the bright spot within the HDR image.
Once you have located the bright spot you must put the multiplier of the HDR image
back to 1 (linear).
You control the brightness of the HDR image and the overall scene via the Vray Physical
Camera exposure. Using the f-stop as you have mentioned.
The HDR image may appear over bright within the viewport background when the
multiplier is set to 1. This is because 3ds Max does not give an accurate representation
of the HDR image.
But at render time when the Vray Physical Camera exposure is applied it is correct and
not over bright.
I hope that helps.

jpcutler85 on May 12, 2011 at 11:29 am said:

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After reading back through the tutorial I have realised why you might have gotten
stuck. I have now updated the tutorial to reflect what I have said above.

2.

Reply
Farrokh Rostami Kia on May 12, 2011 at 9:21 am said:
Hi,
Thanks for your useful tutorial.
Best wishes

3.

Reply
Michael A on June 8, 2011 at 8:21 pm said:
Great Tutorials. Ive learned a lot about Vray from your tutorials alone.
I wanted to know if you know of any websites that offer free spherical hdri images.

Reply
James Cutler on June 8, 2011 at 8:31 pm said:
Hi,
There arent many sites that offer good quality HDR images for free. But I have used
various ones from http://www.openfootage.net/ in the past.
It really depends on what type of scene you are creating. Keep an eye out for new and
upcoming HDR shops as they tend to give away sample maps at full resolution. Such as
http://www.hdri-locations.com/

4.

Reply
Azad Jannati on June 28, 2011 at 8:15 pm said:
Thanks body
Your idea about align and rotate was great.

5.

Reply
Andy Wiggins on August 1, 2011 at 7:11 pm said:
Hi James,

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I have a very strange thing going on. When I link my dome to my vraysun and rotate it, the
dome texture is rotating the opposite way to the vraysun..? I cannot get them to rotate the
same direction. The dome light itself rotates correctly on plan, but the texture moves the
opposite way. So when I rotate and render, there are 2 shadows..? Not sure whats happening.

Reply
James Cutler on August 1, 2011 at 7:42 pm said:
That is odd, is the texture flipped in anyway? Could you get a simple scene over to me
to have a look?
j.cutler@mintviz.com

James Cutler on August 1, 2011 at 11:56 pm said:


I have found the problem and I have corrected the issue within the tutorial.
To make the Vray dome light and the HDR image rotate in the same direction you
must add a (minus) in front of Z_Rotation in the expression window before you
press connect.

Andy Wiggins on August 2, 2011 at 6:01 am said:


James,
That absolutely did the trick. Many thanks..

James Cutler on August 3, 2011 at 2:56 pm said:


Your welcome

6.

Reply
Rodrigo Sanz on August 30, 2011 at 1:21 am said:
Great tutorial James, thanks a lot, just one question, what would be a good resolution for an
HDR image, so i can leave it as a background and reflection map???

Reply

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James Cutler on August 30, 2011 at 9:55 am said:


Hi,
For best performance and outcome its best to use a low resolution for lighting and hi
resolution for reflections, and then a jpg image for a backplate.
But if you were to only use one, then I would say use a high resolution otherwise your
reflections will be low quality.
How ever if you can get away with a low resolution HDR image then do so. As these will
produce less noise than high resolution ones.

7.

Reply
nitten on September 10, 2011 at 7:39 am said:
I am unable to see the hdri in the viewports. Please help.

Reply
James Cutler on September 10, 2011 at 11:40 am said:
Hi,
Are you using 3ds Max 2012 and the new Nitrous viewport? If so there a few bugs with
Vray. One of them being HDRI maps do not display in the viewport background. You
have to revert back to Direct3D and then it will work.

viliam on June 10, 2012 at 11:55 am said:


Hi James
Could you describe more how to revert back to Direct3D. I have the same problem
like Nitten. I work in 3ds max 2012 an i am unable to see the hdri in the viewports.
In 3ds max 2009 there is no problem with that. Please help. thanks

MintViz on June 10, 2012 at 8:02 pm said:


Within the start menu go to the 3ds Max folder and you will see a utility called
Change Graphics Mode. Here you can revert back to Direct3D. Alternatively you
can do this with 3ds Max preferences but it does require a restart.

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Reply
nitten on September 10, 2011 at 11:54 am said:
Works just fine now. Thanks a million.

9.

Reply
madii on September 16, 2011 at 4:44 pm said:
Hi,James
Can I use HDR image with Direct Target light for illuminating as sun in my Exterior scene(v ray
2.0-max 9)?
What basic parameters should I use for the direct Light(as in intensity, Hotspot & fall off/field
values)?
Please help !

Reply
James Cutler on September 16, 2011 at 6:27 pm said:
Yes you can use a direct light with HDRI. If you are using a direct target as the sun set
the hotspot and falloff fields larger than what your are illuminating. So if your building
was 5m x 5m set the hotspot to at least 6m.
The intensity will depend on whether you have camera exposure. Use what ever you
feel looks OK. If you have Vray plane lights in your scene they will counteract with the
direct light so you need to find a healthy balance between the two.

10.

Reply
Nick on September 19, 2011 at 8:31 pm said:
Cheers for that, probably one of the most straight forward hdri tutorials on the net, very
useful!!

11.

Reply
vahid sheikhloie on September 24, 2011 at 2:53 pm said:
thack alot for this..

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Reply
madii on September 24, 2011 at 6:24 pm said:
Thanks alot , I did it. Can I mail you my final render?
I will be so glad, for your suggestions.Thanks again.

Reply
James Cutler on September 24, 2011 at 9:38 pm said:
Sure send it to me and I will take a look.

13.

Reply
madii on September 25, 2011 at 3:50 pm said:
Thanks alot,James. Best wishes:)

14.

Reply
Joe on September 27, 2011 at 11:44 pm said:
James,
Why add the HDRI in the vray dome light texture parameter and not in the GI environment
skylight override?

Reply
James Cutler on September 28, 2011 at 10:41 pm said:
Hi,
A Vray dome light samples the HDR image much better than using the environment
override. The shadows and colours are much more pronounced.

15.

Reply
Thierry on October 25, 2011 at 11:42 am said:
Since the GI is already handled by the Vray dome light and his HDRI.what we got in the GI
environment skylight tab?? The vray sky?? thank you

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Reply
James Cutler on October 25, 2011 at 12:22 pm said:
Hi,
The Vray environment override should be left off as well as the reflection/refraction
override.

16.

Reply
sove on October 31, 2011 at 4:48 pm said:
I think that is one of the most significant information for me. And im satisfied studying your
article. However want to observation on some basic things, The website taste is perfect, the
articles is in point of fact excellent : D. Just right process, cheers

17.

Reply
Roma on November 9, 2011 at 4:21 pm said:
Thank you James! Now I can archieve better results in my VIZ. I was using other method, and
I was unsatisfied! Thank you so much again! And keep up!

18.

Reply
keren on November 29, 2011 at 9:22 pm said:
hi, i am trying to do the tutorial but for some reason when i move my physical camera around,
trying to spot the light source of the hdri, the hdri image is not changing. its static on the back
of my viewport no matter where i look. like its detached from the actual scene. what should i
do?

Reply
James Cutler on November 29, 2011 at 10:00 pm said:
Hi,
What version of 3ds Max are you using? Are you running the nitrous viewport? This is
not yet fully supported by Vray so revert back to Direct 3D and then try. Also If you are
using the standard bitmap loader for your HDRI images and not the Vray HDRI loader
then you must make sure your HDRI is set to spherical environment and not screen
otherwise it wont rotate.

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keren on November 30, 2011 at 5:59 pm said:


i am using a pretty old version of 3ds max. 2008. i am not fmiliar with the nitrous
viewport but i asume its something added to the later versions, so i believe im not
using that. and i do use a vray HDRI loader with a spherical enviorment

James Cutler on November 30, 2011 at 7:21 pm said:


Could you send me the file? contact@mintviz.com

henrik on December 16, 2011 at 9:42 am said:


I have same problem. Did u you sort this out?

James Cutler on December 16, 2011 at 1:17 pm said:


Hi,
If none of the above solutions work for you it could be your graphics card. What
graphics card do you have?

19.

Reply
Mike on December 4, 2011 at 5:40 pm said:
What is the reason to use VRay Dome with HDRI if you use the same map in Enviornment?

Reply
James Cutler on December 4, 2011 at 5:42 pm said:
Hi,
A Vray dome light samples the HDR image much better than using the environment
override. The shadows and colours are much more pronounced.

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Reply
Mike on December 4, 2011 at 7:47 pm said:
So reflections (what we can see in window glass for example)comes from VRay Dome?

Reply
James Cutler on December 4, 2011 at 8:37 pm said:
Yes that is correct. The Vray dome light creates light as well as reflection.

Mike on December 4, 2011 at 9:18 pm said:


Thank you.

21.

Reply
Mike on December 5, 2011 at 4:06 pm said:
My hdri applied via VRay Dome is dimmed. and dont know what do do with it, how to scale
etc. Is it right to use it via/with color correction plugin?

Reply
James Cutler on December 5, 2011 at 7:21 pm said:
Hi,
You can control the intensity of the HDR image by either adjusting the multiplier for the
map in the material editor or the multiplier for the Vray dome light. You cannot scale an
environment light, it projects onto the same point in space no matter the scale. HDR
images should be fine with the colour correct plugin, although HDR images should be
kept linear.

Mike on December 5, 2011 at 9:15 pm said:


Thanx a lot for help and you patience, Im damn noob in it. Its like chaseing
butterflies.
So how to have realistic sky if I cant scale projected HDRI?

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James Cutler on December 5, 2011 at 9:41 pm said:


Hi,
Sorry I dont think I follow, why would you need to scale the HDRI? The panoramic
image used as the HDRI should be taken with the photographer roughly standing
in the same place as the object you will be putting in the scene. That way
distances to clouds or the horizon would be similar.

Mike on December 5, 2011 at 10:36 pm said:


1. HDRI i have looks a lot brighter than the same HDRI projected via VRay Dome
and rendered. Its a lot dimmer.
2. This HDRI contains clouds, but I cant see them in my rendered scene where I
would expect them tobe on the sky. It looks like HDRI is too large and streched.

James Cutler on December 6, 2011 at 8:41 am said:


Hi,
Do you have Vray camera exposure? If so that will dim the HDRI and the scene.
As Mentioned previously increase the multiplier of either the light or the material.
You could be seeing clouds do to the angle of your camera, the HDRI must be a
full 360 degree spherical panoramic image in order to not be stretched. We can
look at your file for you and discuss in much more detail via our consultancy
service. Email us if that is something you would be interested in pursuing.

22.

Reply
mady on December 11, 2011 at 5:56 am said:
can u help me with in 3ds max vray i hav taken a object which has material white & when ever
i use any hdri the scene get that color which is in hdri? how to get that pure white material ? &
what is white balance in can u explan me in simple or any site recommed by you as a basic
tutorial for white balance?
thanks for this tutorial

Reply

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James Cutler on December 11, 2011 at 6:22 pm said:


Hi,
White balance is the process of removing colour casts that occur when taking a photo or
in this case rendering with a camera. The human eye is much more advanced when it
comes to judging what is white and what we see as being natural light i.e sunlight. The
Vray camera has a built in parameter for adjusting white Balance.
As an example you could place a white box in your scene and the render it. Use the
RGB colour picker in the Vray Frame buffer to get the resulting colour of the white box.
Add this RGB value into the white balance parameter of the Vray camera.

23.

Reply
mady on December 12, 2011 at 11:07 am said:
i hav understood till rgb picker then which side of color to pick

Reply
James Cutler on December 12, 2011 at 11:56 am said:
Hi,
In the Vray Frame buffer right click and hold an area of the rendered box. You will see an
8 bit colour value which is RGB. This is the value you put in the white balance for the
Vray Camera.

24.

Reply
ayush gupta on December 18, 2011 at 8:12 pm said:
sir mere computer me materiol aditor me hdri nahi aa rha hai batao me kya karu plz help me

25.

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Mike on January 7, 2012 at 10:58 am said:
Hi James,
When I launch VRayRT (2.0) with VRayLight (Dome)/EXR loaded only I cant see my scene at
all. All dark.
With VRaysun only all is visible.
Do You have idea what can be wrong?

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Thanx in advance

Reply
James Cutler on January 7, 2012 at 11:19 am said:
In the early versions of VrayRT there were a few bugs. One of them being VrayRT does
not recognise that an HDR file has been loaded and therefor renders black. Another
un-supported feature is affect background. You could try rendering with the dome light
invisible to see if that changes your result. How does the render look if you use the
standard renderer?
Vray 2.20 is now available and there are many bug fixes so perhaps updating your
software might fix the problem?

26.

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Michal on January 7, 2012 at 2:29 pm said:
Thank You for information and knowledge You share. Really cant express (not only because
of my bad english ;)how thankful I am.
Good news is that this is probably not about my settings or something, bad is that new VRay
is about 1350$.
BTW
Link to Chaosgrup site seems broken at least in my case.
BTW2
How come buying new stuf solves problems almost always?

Reply
James Cutler on January 7, 2012 at 5:23 pm said:
Hi,
The link is currently working ok. http://www.chaosgroup.com/en/2/downloads.html You
mention you have Vray 2.0, the update to Vray 2.20 is free.

Mike on January 12, 2012 at 9:41 am said:


To me link looks like this: http://tinyurl.com/897gc79

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James Cutler on January 12, 2012 at 3:31 pm said:


StrangeTry this link http://www.chaosgroup.com/en/2/downloads.html

27.

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Michal on January 7, 2012 at 2:31 pm said:
>How does the render look if you use the standard renderer?
You mean scanline? I dont know I use VRay only.

Reply
James Cutler on January 7, 2012 at 5:24 pm said:
By standard renderer I mean Vray production renderer as you mention you were having
issues with VrayRT. As suggested, update to the latest version (2.20) to see if the
problem still exists.

28.

Reply
Mike on January 7, 2012 at 7:33 pm said:
Standard render works ok all time. Looks like its about that bug You mantioned.
Thanx for help

29.

Reply
Edita on January 22, 2012 at 1:28 am said:
It was so hard to do. But I did it. Thank you!

30.

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bographics on February 11, 2012 at 11:06 pm said:
Very good tutorial. Thanks a lot!

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Reply
merymery25 on February 19, 2012 at 8:22 pm said:
you are amazing james, I wish if You could transfer your knowleadge to my brain directly , I
am impressed, I try to learn everyday but I cant know every detail. i want to know the secret
of being like you.

Reply
James Cutler on February 20, 2012 at 8:44 am said:
Thank you for your kind comments

32.

Reply
juan on February 22, 2012 at 3:59 pm said:
Thanks for the tutorial, a question, you must turn off the shadows of Vraydome? Is that I
produce shadows that create confusion with those issued by the VRaySun

Reply
James Cutler on February 22, 2012 at 4:39 pm said:
No leave the dome light shadows on. If you have aligned the sun from the HDR to the
V-Ray Sun, then there will be no confusion. However if it is not aligned then yes you
could turn the dome light shadows off. But keep in mind by doing this you will loose
detail given by the dome light.

33.

Reply
juan on February 22, 2012 at 4:57 pm said:
Thanks, when I look in the viewfinder hdri hdris sun visor is beyond the max, in this case as I
align the light of VRaySun?.

34.

Reply
juan on February 22, 2012 at 8:33 pm said:
Thank you very much for your time, and this solved!, Works perfectly, thanks.

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Reply
rohan on February 23, 2012 at 10:23 am said:
Hi James,
Like the way you mention everything in detail and in simple way
I just have 1 question though, setting up vray hdri as environment background as youve said,
when rendered in perspective view or max standard camera the background renders fine but
when rendered in vray physical camera it renders near black. I tried altering the camera
exposure, shutter speed, vray hdri multiplier but nothing gives good result.
When multiplier in material editor slot is 1 i get near black image, when i increase it to 100 the
background brightens up (not good enough though)but my scene also is washed out white,
hope u can help me with this

Reply
James Cutler on February 23, 2012 at 10:50 am said:
Hi,
Could you please send the scene to contact@mintviz.com. I would have thought it would
be an exposure issue but as you have checked that already I would have to take a look
at the scene.

rohan on February 24, 2012 at 6:24 am said:


Ive mailed the scene. I may be missing something here, hope it will be sorted out.
Thanks

rohan on February 24, 2012 at 6:33 am said:


Sorry but i was not able to attach the whole archive but only the file due to
attachment size limit

James Cutler on February 24, 2012 at 10:41 am said:


Hi,
There seems to be a bug within the file. I replaced the VRayHDRI texture with a
new one and it shows up in the viewport fine. If you then replace it with the old
VRayHDRI texture, it then works fine. Initially for some strange reason it does not

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show up. This may be a bug and it might be worth reporting it back to Chaos
Group.

rohan on February 24, 2012 at 11:32 am said:


Thank you very much for your time, very much appreciate it. Ill try it as youve
suggested.

36.

Reply
Michael on May 2, 2012 at 4:52 pm said:
hi thanks for your tutorial. I just tried it. But, Ive got stuck on adding VrayLight and after that
remove the VraySky. It made my image render become whole black. Please kindly I need your
assistance. Thx. God b u

Reply
James Cutler on May 2, 2012 at 5:48 pm said:
What is the intensity of the V-Ray light? Try increasing it, also do you have gamma
correction enabled?

37.

Reply
Michael on May 9, 2012 at 6:30 am said:
thank you for your help. I am working on it. Now its getting better

38.

Reply
real3dvision@gmail.com on June 3, 2012 at 6:57 am said:
Excellent tutorial but i have a problem, when i want use parameter wiring i make all the steps
but the horizontal rotation in the material editor doesnt change to gray and the HDR doesnt
rotate with the dome light.
Thanks.

Reply
MintViz on June 3, 2012 at 8:55 pm said:
Hi,

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If possible please could you send a link to your scene? Have you tried starting from
scratch with a new scene to see where you could have made some errors?

39.

Reply
stella on June 11, 2012 at 10:45 am said:
would u plz teach us : How to creating that glass material for windows ?

40.

Reply
Lars M on July 11, 2012 at 4:16 pm said:
Hi Mintviz,
Interesting tutorial, but I cant make it work for some reason. I have the exact same problem
as Real3dvison. I can make the sun rotate with the domelight just fine, but the hdri doesnt
rotate.
I have a screenshot of the parameter wiring here: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/15189670
/mintviz%20hdri%20tut.jpg
Does the text in red indicate that something is wrong perhaps?
Any tips or pointers will be recieved with great appreciation!
Regards,
Lars

Reply
MintViz on July 12, 2012 at 9:31 am said:
The text in red indicates that there is a parameter with a wire controller assigned to it
that is either a member of a two-way pair or as a slave in a one-way wire. We have
uploaded a short video showing the steps on how to wire the dome light to the V-Ray
sun light. You can view it here: http://screencast.com/t/OffpmIY5Vp. Let us know if this
works for you, if not we can take a look at your file.

41.

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Chris123643 on August 1, 2012 at 2:47 pm said:
Hi James,
Trying to follow this tutorial, i get stuck when adding the vraysun, when i render to try and line
up with my HDRI its just a pure white render, seems none of the proprieties i change stop it

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from being a pure white render.

Reply
Chris123643 on August 1, 2012 at 3:53 pm said:
does exposure on the camera need to be on or off?

MintViz on August 1, 2012 at 6:39 pm said:


It is better to keep exposure on when using V-Ray Sun.

Chris123643 on August 2, 2012 at 12:50 pm said:


ok, i have followed the steps, and having the reflections working, however the
render looks over saturated and unrealistic, i must have some dodgy settings
somewhere heres my render
http://i326.photobucket.com/albums/k405/Chris123643/housetest.jpg

Chris123643 on August 2, 2012 at 2:33 pm said:


Hi again, I worked it out, it was something to do with the gamma correction i think,
hitting the sRGB button in the vray frame buffer did the trick, then i exported as
an .exr another question though, what do you do about the reflections that occur
below the horizon line? mine just appear black, do you have to add models in your
scene to reflect?
http://i326.photobucket.com/albums/k405/Chris123643/housetest2.jpg

MintViz on August 2, 2012 at 8:57 pm said:


Placing planes in from of your building with a background texture on will help and
you can untick receive and generate shadow in the properties. Also as you have
suggested, you may wish to model up some buildings and surrounding bushes and
trees to help reflection and light bounces.

42.

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arunkumar on October 1, 2012 at 3:02 pm said:


I am fallowing ur every tuts in Mintviz .these are very usefull to me.Thank you for this , I have
some problem .my renders are looking very dull with reference to some web images and I
am attaching my Vray settings and rendered images .Please give me some advise .
this is the link iam sending the files http://www.sendspace.com/file/l5dpj2
Thank you

Reply
MintViz on October 2, 2012 at 7:46 pm said:
There are too many variations in colour and tone on the vegetation. Overall the image is
too clean and the building requires more textures and materials. Perhaps concentrate on
this before looking at the lighting and environment.

arunkumar on October 3, 2012 at 9:51 am said:


variations in colour and tone on the vegetation HOW CAN I MANAGE THIS ?

MintViz on October 3, 2012 at 1:15 pm said:


Use better high resolution textures or 3D geometry. The textures used on the
vegetation are very low resolution and have variations in colour and intensity. They
must match up in terms of lighting and shadows. But as mentioned previously, start
by looking at your materials for the building and study real life photographs of the
materials you wish to replicate in 3D.

arunkumar on October 3, 2012 at 1:35 pm said:


THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP AND I WILL TRY TO MATCH , AND KEEP IN
TOUCH WITH YOU

43.

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David on October 9, 2012 at 10:34 am said:
Thanks for a wonderful tutorial. I have managed to get it all pretty much right. The HDRI
rotates along with my sun, but my reflections dont follow, and rotate differently. I am unable to
make heads or tails of the Parameter wiring and the only -Z option I come across is swapped.

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Again, great tutorial !

Reply
David on October 9, 2012 at 10:43 am said:
On further investigation, I had the HDRI map in my reflection slot of the glass. My
error

44.

Reply
Mohammed Hyder on November 29, 2012 at 8:38 am said:
very good and nice

45.

Reply
prashant on January 26, 2013 at 3:26 pm said:
Sir, first thank for this great tutorial
Now, my problem is after complete all method up to set vray dom light, then i test render
image, so proble is my building is make orange tone, i change and set another hdr image but
the result is same like orange tone of building, my material is white (250,250,250) but after
render it make orange tone. then i disable vray sun light, then render result is proper white but
colour is over expose and shadow of object is disappear.
can u help me to solve this problem.
once again thanks for this tutorial

Reply
MintViz on January 27, 2013 at 10:35 pm said:
The height of the sun as well as turbidity and ozone affect the suns colour. Please see
here for examples: http://www.spot3d.com/vray/help/150SP1
/examples_vraysun_sky.htm

46.

Reply
Alex on February 7, 2013 at 12:28 pm said:
Hi, I followed the tutorial and set up max with the linear workflow as per your other tutorial.
However, at the stage where we render a test after aligning the vray physical camera to the
bright spot of the HDRI, the render is almost black. Ive read through several times to make

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sure ive not missed everything but it still happens. I have also tried several HDRI maps. Im
using max 2012 64bit and Vray 2.20. Thanks

Reply
MintViz on February 7, 2013 at 3:11 pm said:
If you have dont affect colours on in the colour mapping settings, make sure you turn
on the show colours in sRGB space in the V-Ray Frame Buffer. If you are using
exposure, it could also be that your exposure settings are too low.

Alex Massey on February 8, 2013 at 9:36 pm said:


Thanks, it works perfectly now. Can i just say that your website & resources are
brilliant and the individual responses to each problem are an asset and certainly
welcome

Alex Massey on February 8, 2013 at 10:47 pm said:


Actually now having another possible problem. When rendering at the end, the
whole scene is vastly overexposed, yet by deleting the Vray sun, the image looks
right. Any thoughts?

MintViz on February 11, 2013 at 3:58 pm said:


You will need to set your exposure accordingly. This following is an extract taken
directly from the V-Ray help.
By default, the VRaySun and VRaySky are very bright. In the real world, the
average solar irradiance is about 1000 W/m^2 (see the references below). Since
the image output in V-Ray is in W/m^2/sr, you will typically find that the average
RGB values produces by the sun and the sky are about 200.0-300.0 units. This is
quite correct from a physical point of view, but is not enough for a nice image. You
can either use Color mapping to bring these values to a smaller range (which is the
preferred way) or you can use the Sun intensity multiplier to make the sun and sky
less bright. Using the VRayPhysicalCamera with suitable values also produces a
correct result without changing the sun and sky parameters.

47.

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JOE on February 28, 2013 at 3:17 pm said:

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my scene is coming black after adding vray dome n also when i am doing wire
parameter and i am selecting vray dome itself in transfoem vray light ..its not showing
me texture option ..actually i am making a evening scene of terrace so .if i put
vray physical camera target at sky ..than how ll i render my scene

Reply
MintViz on February 28, 2013 at 4:46 pm said:
If your scene is rendering black, please check your exposure settings. Once you have
aligned the VRaySun you can re-position the camera target or set up a different camera.

48.

Reply
joe on March 1, 2013 at 6:43 am said:
i am doing it again but i am not understanding after using vray dome.. i can turn off the Vray
dome light and complete a test render to see the effects of the VraySun and vice versai am
able to see this effect but after..Remove the VraySky from the 3ds Max standard
environment as this is no longer required because the scene will be lit via the Vray dome light.
It was only used to make sure that the VraySun was aligned to the HDR image correctly and
was the right size. i am able to see my hdri not the sun created by vray sun even if i delete it i
can see my hdri same as it is with vray sun .and i am not using any exposure
control..

49.

Reply
JOE on March 1, 2013 at 7:19 am said:
till now m not able to connect vray dome to vray light texture properties m only able to find
dome texture plz help.

50.

Reply
JOE on March 1, 2013 at 7:31 am said:
I have a screenshot of the parameter wiring here: https://www.4shared.com/account
/home.jsp#dir=qceXJpr3

Reply
MintViz on March 1, 2013 at 4:57 pm said:
The link says: Your session has either timed out or has not been correctly established.
Please login again. Could you upload a new image please?

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Reply
joe on March 1, 2013 at 12:04 pm said:
hey sorry to disturb u again n again..m final render is coming very noisy ..and
till now i am not able to find out texture in vray light through wire parameter instead of that
..there is a option dometexmap.

52.

Reply
joe on March 11, 2013 at 1:00 pm said:
hey ..i am not able to upload screenshot of the parameter wiring ..but remember i told i am
getting a parameter dometexmap..its doing the same thing .after making connection i am
able to rotate my hdri..

53.

Reply
kon on May 27, 2013 at 5:29 pm said:
First I want to thank you James for this fantastic Tutorial. You realy helped me.
Also I would like to ask you something. could you please tell me how can I move the Horizon
from my HDRI map down so that is not visible? I want only the clouds to be visible.
Thank you again!

Reply
MintViz on May 27, 2013 at 8:12 pm said:
There are a few options you can try. 1) Adjust the offset of the HDRI texture in the
material editor. 2) Adjust the vertical rotation of the HDRI in the material editor. 3)
Remove the horizon in Photoshop and extend the sky.

54.

Reply
Blakes on June 17, 2013 at 9:03 pm said:
Hello, its a great tutorial but I have a strange issue which doesnt let me continue. I am
following your steps, Ive added HDRI into evn. map and physical vray cam new scene,
default settings but the exposure control do not affect final render ( I am using linear
workflow). The only way to control BACKGROUND exposure is through HDRI map multiplier.
My camera settings do not affect background, it does however affect other standard lights.
With GI turned on (IR and CL) first IR pass looks correct but final render is not affected by

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camera settings. Please help!

Reply
MintViz on June 20, 2013 at 12:55 pm said:
Make sure affect background is ticked in the colour mapping parameters of the V-Ray
render settings.

Blakes on June 20, 2013 at 7:34 pm said:


Of course its worked
better CG artists!

55.

thank you for your time and efforts to make us, newbies,

Reply
Blakes on June 17, 2013 at 9:05 pm said:
In additional to that, cam settings also do not affect vray sun brightness.

56.

Reply
Vijay on July 25, 2013 at 12:22 am said:
Thanks a lot
You made my day.

57.

Reply
Bullfrog on September 30, 2013 at 8:03 pm said:
I dont find any HDR environment like you used for this tutorial. I mean : load of sky, minimum
of land and pure black in the bottom.
If anyone has a good link for these please share. I could even give money for that (I mean
for the HDR not the share :-D)

58.

Reply
Bullfrog on October 1, 2013 at 9:02 am said:
Sorry, I didnt read carefully. Its clearly mentionned in the tutorial where the HDRI came from.

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My bad

59.

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Bullfrog on October 1, 2013 at 3:12 pm said:
Sorry but I dont get this : Using the align tool, align the VraySun target to the Vray physical
camera and then align the Vray physical camera target to the VraySun.
For me, if i align the VrayPhys Cam target to the Vray sun, I will lose the orientation of the sun
which was in the HDRI previously and it will be wrong afterward when I will load the HDR in
the Vray dome light

think
.
No, I dont get this

Reply
MintViz on October 1, 2013 at 3:29 pm said:
First you find the sun/bright spot in the HDRI by moving the camera target around in the
viewport.
Since the camera target is now pointing directly at the sun/bright spot in the HDRI you
then position the V-Ray sun by aligning it to the camera target.
Then position the V-Ray sun target by aligning it to the camera. This makes the V-Ray
sun be at the same angle as the camera thus being the same angle as the sun/bright
spot in the HDRI.

60.

Reply
Bullfrog on October 1, 2013 at 7:03 pm said:
It makes more sense this way
then align the Vray physical camera target to the VraySun seems wrong to me but maybe its
because my native language is not english.

61.

Reply
Ekon on October 31, 2013 at 8:33 pm said:

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Hello James. thank you for a great tut. Something is different now though and Id like you
POV.
VRay 2.40 doesnt have a Gamma Control in the VRay HDRI loader. Now it has an Inverse
Gamma control in a new field called Color Space.
How does this play up in your (anyones) workflow? It was so cool to turn down gamma just a
bit to get stronger shadows even without VRay sun.
Thanks in advance. Your site really ROCKS!

Reply
MintViz on November 1, 2013 at 11:26 am said:
Inverse gamma is the same as it was before, just reduce the default value of 1.0 for
increased brightness and contrast.

62.

Reply
MANJUNATH K on November 29, 2013 at 6:13 am said:
would you please send me 3dsmax 9 exterior Scene file.

Reply
MintViz on November 30, 2013 at 8:39 pm said:
Sorry we cannot back save this file for you.

63.

Reply
arjun on March 31, 2014 at 6:57 pm said:
Firstly thanks u r doing grt job solution for each individual questions. . Its amazing I will
send u my screen shots and zip file of my wrk.. to you can u giv me ur mail id.

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