What is RTWP?

February 2011

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Posted by leopedrini Tuesday, February 01, 2011 9:39:00 AM Categories: Course

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If you work with UMTS,'ve probably heard someone talk about RTWP. Its
definition
can
be
found
in
a
dictionary
of
acronyms,
such
ashttp://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/RTWP: Received Total Wideband
Power.
Represents a measure of UMTS technology: the total level of noise within the
UMTS frequency band of any cell.
RTWP is related to uplink interference, and its monitoring helps control the call
drops - mainly CS. It also has importance in the capacity management, as it
provides information for the Congestion Control regarding Uplink Interference.

In UMTS, the uplink interference may vary due to several factors, such as the
number of users in the cell, the Service, Connection Types and Conditions of
Radio, etc..
As our goal is to always be as simple as possible, we will not delve in terms of
formulas or concepts involved. We will then know the typical values, and know
what must be done in case of problems.

Typical Values
Ok, we know that RTWP can help us in checking the uplink interference, then we
need to know its typical values.
In a network is not loaded, normal, acceptable RTWP Average value is generally
around -104.5 and -105.5 dBm.

Values around -95 dBm indicate that the cell has some uplink interferers.

If the value is around -85 dBm, the situation is ugly, with strong uplink
interferers.
Usually we have High, Low and Medium measures of RTWP. However, the
maximum and minimum values are recommended only as auxiliary or
reference, since they may have been caused by a peak of access, or even been
forced to have a momentary value due to some algorithm i.e..
Thus, the value that helps us, and has the most accurate information is the
same Mean RTWP!
For cases in which cell has two carriers, the difference between them RTWP
should not exceed 6 dB.

Based on these typical values, most vendors have an alarm: RTWP "Very High. "

What to do in case of problems?

We have seen that RTWP can cause performance degradation, mainly CS Call
Drops. Note: Actually, it's not RTWP that causes performance degradation. What
happens is that when its value is 'bad', it's actually indicating the presence of
interference - the latter being responsible for degradation.
But what can we do when we find bad values?
If RTWP is not at acceptable levels, some actions should be taken.

The first thing to do is check if there is a configuration issue with the RNC or NodeB. This
is the most common case, especially in cases of new activations.

Once verified the parameter settings, the next step is the physical examination, especially
jumpers and cables, often partially reversed. It also should be checked if there is faulty
transmitters, or any other problem that could generate intermodulation between the
NodeB and the antenna.

If the parameter settings and hardware are ok, the chance is very high that we have
external interference, such as a Interferer Repeater.

In cases where there may be external interference, we must begin to act after
such a prioritization based on how much this is affecting the cell KPI's across
the network, if it carry high traffic, major subscribers, etc..
Note: There are many forms of interference in the uplink, both internal and
external. Only a few are listed above. The deepening of all possibilities is
beyond the goal of being simple to teach the concepts, but this is a suggestion
for whoever wants to deepen the study, identification and elimination of
interference.

In practice
to find - and eliminate - problems of interference is one of the biggest
challenges in our area. For being such a complex problem, we recommend that
be collected enough data for each investigation. Insufficient data collected can
lead to erroneous conclusions, further worsening the problem.
The uplink interference may appear only in specific periods. Thus, it is
recommended that data be collected from at least one week (7 days) for every
24 hours. Usually this amount of data is sufficient. In the figure below, we see
different days and times - colorful - a fictional example where the interference
occurred.

Data should be collected for the suspicious cell, but also for its adjacent cells,
allowing it to make a triangulation increasing the chances of locating the source
of interference.
Another way to locate the source of interference is to do a test in field. An
antenna guy must gradually change the azimuth of the antenna, while another
professional do RTWP measurements. That is, through the information directing
the antenna and the respective values of RTWP, you can draw conclusions very
good.
It is obvious that changing the online system may not be a good practice, and
tests can be made with a Yagi antenna and a Spectrum Analyzer.
Vendors offer several ways to measure RTWP, using the OSS, performance
counters and logs.

Conclusion
In this brief tutorial, we learn what is RTWP, and that the ideal typical value is
about -104.5 dBm and -105.5 dBm.
As the RTWP is directly related to Uplink Interference - and we know that
interference is the main cause of performance degradation - have concluded
that improving RTWP, ie making is as close as possible to -105 dBm, improving
the Call Drop Rate!
IMPORTANT : Seizing the opportunity, see what was stated at the start of this
tutorial - dictionary - by describing RTWP. Remember that this site has been the
subject of a very interesting tutorial in the TipsSection. If you have not visited
this section of the portal yet , I strongly recommend, because it has many
issues that help in our growth in telecom and IT area.