Answer Scheme Term 2 Trial Exam 2015

No

Description

Marks
15

Section A
1 A
C3H4 + O2 3CO2 + 2H2O
+184

3(-394) 2(-286)

Hc = [3(-394)+2(-286)] [+184+0] = -1938 kJ mol-1

2H+ + 2e- H2 ; I mol of H2 needs 2F electric current

Q = It = 8 x 100 x 60 = 48,000 C
No. of moles of H2 = 48,000 9.65 x 104 x 2 = 0.25 mol
Volume of H2 = 0.25 x 24.4 = 6.1 dm3 + O2 = 9.15

2 C

3 D
4 C

Since both electrodes are the same metal, Eo = 0 V

Ecell =Eo +
=0+

5
6
7
8
9
10

B
D
D
B
B
C

+0.028 V

MgSO4.xH2O MgSO4 + xH2O

Mass (g)

2.1

MgSO4

H2O
4.3 2.1 = 2.2

No of moles

2.1 120 = 0.0175

1

2.2 18 = 0.122
7

Ratio

11
12
13
14
15

D
B
A
D
D
Section B

15

16. (a) Lattice energy is the energy released when one mole of an ionic compound
is formed from its gaseous ions.
+

Energy

Na (g) + Br (g) + e

-1

(b)
+ 112 kJ mol-1
Na+ (g) + Br2(g)

Na(g) + Br2(g)

Na(s) + Br2(g)

-325 kJ mol-1
Na+ (g) + Br (g)

+ 495 kJ mol1

+ 108 kJ mol1

-329 kJ mol-1

NaBr (s)

Lattice energy

(c) 108 + 495 + 112 + (-325) + lattice energy = 329 ..

Lattice energy = 719 kJ mol-1
17. (a)

Eo = 1.36 1.07
= + 0.29 V .
A positive Eo value means Cl2 is able to oxidize Br to Br2.
Cl2 + 2Br 2Cl + Br2

(b) Chlorine reacts with water to form HOCl and HCl that are colourless.
Cl2(aq) + H2O(l) HCl(aq) + HOCl(aq)
When exposed to sunlight, HOCl undergoes decomposition to form HCl
and O2.
2HOCl(aq) 2HCl(aq) + O2(g)
This will shift the above equilibrium to the right causing more Cl 2 to react
with water and its colour fades.
17. (c)

3Cl2(aq) + 6OH(aq) 5Cl(aq) + ClO3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Chlorine undergoes disproportionation in hot alkali to form chlorate(I) and
chlorate(V).
Section C

18.(a)(i) The potential difference obtained when a half-cell of an element is

connected to a hydrogen standard electrode at 298K and 1 atm.
(ii)

(b)

K+(aq) + e K(s) ;
Eo = - 2.92 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e Cu(s) ; Eo = + 0.34V
Br2 (g) + 2e 2Br(aq) ; Eo = + 1.07 V
The strength of the reducing power in descending order is K, Cu, Br
(OR K is a stronger reducing agent than Cu & Cu is a stronger reducing agent than
Br ion)
The strength of the reducing agent depends on the ability to release e-.
The more negative the standard electrode potential (E), the higher the
tendency of the metals or the anions to release electrons.
The strength of an oxidising agent depends on the ability to accept e-.
The more positive the standard electrode potential (Eo), the higher the
tendency of the cations or the non-metals to accept electrons. .
The strength of the oxidising power in descending order is Br 2, Cu2+, K+.
(OR Br2 is a stronger oxidising agent than Cu2+ ion while Cu2+ ion is a stronger
oxidising agent than K+ ion).
NaCl(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq)
In dilute sodium chloride solution :
At the anode, two possible reactions that can take place are :
2Cl(aq) Cl2(aq) + 2eE0 = - 1.36 V
+
2H2O(l) O2(g) + 4H (aq) + 4e
E0 = - 1.23 V
Since the Eo for the second reaction is less negative, it will occur in
preference to the first reaction. Thus, water is oxidised to oxygen gas.
In concentrated soium chloride solution:
In this case, Cl is oxidised in preference to H2O. This is because the ease of
a species to be discharged at an electrode increases with concentration.
Thus, chlorine is produced as it is more concentrated.

30
1

1
1
1
1
1

1
1

(c)(i) 2Zn + O2 2ZnO / 2Zn + O2 + 2H2O 2Zn(OH)2 ............................................

5
5
(ii) Q = It = 2.1 x 10 x 1 = 2.1 x 10 C ......................................................................
O2 + 2H2O +4e 4OH
4F = 4(96500) C = 1 mol
2.1 x 105 C = (2.1 x 105) (4 x 96500)
= 0.54 mol ......................................................................
(iii) Aluminium-air battery
(iv) The cell can be recharged / No air pollutants are produced.

1
1

19. (a) The melting point increases in the order of P, Na, Al, Si.
P exists as P4 molecules, in a simple covalent molecular structure.
The bonds between the molecules are weak van der Waals forces.
Na and Al have giant metallic lattice structures.
The bonds are strong metallic bonds hence more energy is needed to
break the bonds.
The metallic bond in Al is stronger than in Na because Al has 3 valence
electrons compared to only 1 in Na.
Si has a giant covalent structure bonded by strong covalent bonds.
19. (b) Sodium oxide is a basic oxide, thus reacts with acid.
Na2O(s) + 2H+ (aq) 2Na+ (aq) + H2O (l)
Aluminium oxide is an amphoteric oxide which can react with both acid
and alkali. .
Al2O3 (s) + 6H+ (aq) 2Al3+ (aq) + 3H2O (l)
[accept using HCl /H2SO4 for equation, must be balanced]
Silicon dioxide, SiO2 and phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5 are acidic oxides,
thus no reaction with acid.

1
1
1
1
1

(c) Sodium carbonate .

2NaOH(aq) + CO2 (g) Na2CO3(s) + H2O (l)

1
1

20. (a) The reaction proceeds as following :

R-CH=CH2 + H2 R-CH2CH3
Nickel used in this reaction acts as a heterogeneous catalyst. .
Nickel is a transition element that provides a suitable surface for the
adsorption of the reacting molecules, RCH=CH2 and H2 by making use of its
outermost d orbitals.
The adsorption brings the reacting molecules closer to each other and at
the same time weakens the intramolecular covalent bonds.
On top of that, it also holds the molecules in the correct orientation for
new bonds to be formed. All these cause the rate of reaction to increase.
When the bonds are totally broken & the new bonds formed, the products
are released from the surface of nickel to provide a new surface for the
adsorption of other reacting molecules.
(b)(i) Complex ion is an ion formed when a central metal ion is bonded to a
group of ions or molecules through coordinate bonds.
A ligand is an ion or molecule that has lone-pair electrons that can be
donated to a metal central ion to form coordinate bonds. .
(ii) Name : Ethylenediaminetetraacetatocuperate(II) ion / (EDTA)copper(II)
Shape : Octahedral
It is hexadentate ligand that forms six coordinate bonds per molecule with
the central Cu2+ ion.

1
1
1

1
1+1
1
1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1

1+1

1+1
1
2
1
1+1