Uptill 2 nozzles
use type 1
3 nozzles or above
use type 2 or others except type 1
Always use blind with manhole
2 nozzles can be used with pad in cases where the design is failed
without pad.
Minimum width of pad must be 50 mm.
Do not use LWN flange until and unless it is said by client (e.g in case of
2 nozzles sometimes the nozzle design is failed by choosing type 1,
then choose type 2 and minimum width of wear plate or pad should be
50 mm but do not use LWN flange with 2 nozzle).
LWN flange is used with 2 nozzle or nozzles having more than 2 dia
only when client demands
While calculating the nozzle schedule use pipe schedule table
If nozzles are having 16 dia or less, then use pipe schedule table and
choose feasible pipe schedule according to nozzle dia requirements.
For 16 dia nozzles or lesser, choose Seamless pipe.
For more than 16 dia nozzles always make them with the same
thickness plate which is being used for vessel and such kind of nozzles
would be of welded pipe.
For more than 16 dia nozzles, choose Nozzle OD from Pipe schedule
table corresponding to the nozzle dia.
For more than 16 dia nozzles, While entering nozzle detail in compress,
if we choose ID then subtract twice the thickness (chosen thickness)
from nozzle OD (taken from Pipe schedule table) and then put this value
in compress.
Always remember that for 24 Man ways, choose the nozzle thickness as
12.7 (which is extra strong pipe schedule).
If it is required by client that use OD of nozzle as ID then take ID of
nozzle equal to OD and choose some nominal pipe thickness from pipe
schedule table.
Insert plates are used to increase area re-inforcement for nozzles to get
proper design.
There is no any advantage to increase pad width (for getting more area
re-inforcement in case of nozzle) more than the limit (mentioned by
compress by red dotted rectangle).
If such a case occurs when nozzle design is being failed prior to
approaching the maximum pad width limit then use insert plate.
The concept of insert plate is that a new plate of thickness more than
shell thickness is added at the area where a nozzle is present.
Method # 1
D = 615.6 mm
(say)
= 650 mm (approx)
&
Dia of Insert Plate = 2 x d
= 2 x 650
= 1300 mm
Method # 2
LR
440 mm (say)
(say)
NOZZLE LOADS
Pr
Radial force
Mc
Circumferential moment
Vc
Tangential force
ML
Longitudinal force
Mt
Torsional moment
Fr
Mr
Resultant Moment
Pr = -Fa
V2 = 0
V1 = Fc + FL
M1 = 0
Mt = Mt
M2 = Mc + ML
AT SHELL:
Values are taken directly from table according to given nozzle dia and
rating as.
FL = VL
Mc = Mc
Fa = Va
Mt = Mt
Fc = Vc
ML = ML
Note: If client has given nozzle loads in the form of any table or chart
then always use
Those values. If not given then demand from client. If still not
available then use
(b) Whereas the lower portion of the boot, the lower side of flange
and boot head (and any nozzle attached with this portion) are
designed in separate file with the same design conditions as of
vessel.
The boot is considered as shell and attach Appendix 2.0 flange
with standard specifications (if dia is not larger e.g. 40 and
available in the list of standard B14.7 flange option in Appendix
2.0 flange.
If boot head is provided with nozzle then add nozzles loads to the upper
part of boot by adding the nozzle effect.
WRC-297 can be done on compress as well.
Dn / Dv 0.5
Check the limitation of WRC bulletin 297
Dn / Tv 5
Check the limitation of WRC bulletin 297
WRC-297 can be done for self re-inforced nozzles in the similar manner
as done for normal nozzles. Just insert the thickness of nozzle nominal
thickness (tn) rather than to insert heavy barrel thickness.
LWN is also a type of self re-inforced nozzle so if client demand self reinforced nozzles with lips then we make the sketch of LWN with lip as
well.
Calculation of D
EXAMPLE:
Take R = 25 mm (approx.)
&
Length of lip = 25 + 10 + 20
= 55 mm
So
D = C + (2 x length of lip)
= 856.6 + (2 x 55)
= 958.6 mm
Calculation of H1
H1 = H + X + Z
Where
H = Height of barrel
X = Y x Tan 45
Y = Barrel Thickness Nominal Thickness of nozzle
EXAMPLE:
Let
Barrel Thickness = 60 mm
Nominal Th.
= 12.7 mm
Height of barrel = 50 mm
Then
X = (60 tan 45 12.7)
= (60-12.7) = 47.3 mm
So
H1 = H + X + Z
= 50 + 47.3 + 50 = 147.3 mm
Calculation of L
L = H1 + Shell Thickness
= 147.3 + 20 = 167.3 mm
Note: Always take R as shell radius for nozzles attached with shell
and write down single curvature in remarks.
In case of the nozzles attached to head, R is taken according
to the formula given below and write down double curvature in
remarks. As shown in the figure below.
R = 0.9 D
For Hillside nozzles at knuckle of head:
R = 0.17D
Cyclic condition
Equipment in thermal choc
(NO CONTOUR REQUIRED)
Lethal service
INSULATION
NORMAL CASES:
Thickness = 38 mm ;
= 150 kg / m ;
Spacing = 200 mm
= 250 kg / m ;
Spacing = 100 mm
Weight = 150 kg
SEVERE CASES:
Thickness = 40mm ;
Weight = 150 kg
ADDITION OF BEDS
s.s = 7880 kg / m
So
(mesh) s.s = 7880 / 3 = 2600 kg / m
Note:
Important: We can also add bed in terms of vertical load. If the vessel is
having three
beds (N beds) then we have to add vertical load (w kg given).
For this
Purpose divide the vertical load w by N then add this load at
the mid of
each bed.
For packed beds always assume density equal to 2000 kg / m3 (i.e two
times of water). This is considered only when density is not given by
client.
EXAMPLE:
No of beds = 3
Total vertical load = 2000 kg
Then
Load / each bed = 2000 / 3
= 666.7 kg = 700 kg (Approx.)
CALCULATIONS OF BED
ON COMPRESS
Bottom of bed
Bed depth
5050 mm
6000 mm
Bed Diameter
1900 mm
Bed Density
901 kg / m3
Liquid Hold up
20%
(Variable)
(Variable)
(Variable)
(Variable)
STIFFENING RINGS
Stiffening rings are added only when vessel wall thickness governs at
external pressure
FOR WIND:
SABIC always demands natural frequency for both wind and seismic as
1.00 or greater. So if H/D ratio of a column is more than 15 then always
choose natural frequency as 1.00 for SABIC related jobs.
ASCE 7.05 is selected if not given by client
Normally take basic wind speed as 155 km / hr (40 m / s)
Importance factor is taken as I = 1.15
Exposure = C
Wind direction factor (Kd) = 0.95
see table 6.4 (page-80)
Topographic factor (Kzt) = 1
Un-mark / de-select No wind shear below support in compress
Mark / select limit top deflection to 5mm for tall vessels having H/D
ratio more than 15.
Note: Normally client mentions the wind code to be followed and its other
specifications.
If no any information is given then assume the above values and also
see SAESA-112 (ARAMCO standard for wind & seismic) and select values
according to the
area where vessel is required to be installed.
FOR SEISMIC:
1.25
Soil Profile
SD
H x / hr (eqn. 32.2)
Amplification factor ap
Note: It is recommended that always use standards for wind & Seismic
according to the
Client and area where vessel is required to be installed and try
to avoid the use of
approximate values.
Thumb rule to put plate forms is to install them after every 6m height.
Normally while designing platforms & ladders use the following scheme.
PLATE FORM # 1
360
Ladder angle
situation)
Platform width
=
=
Platform to datum =
ahead)
Shell clearance
0
(worst case and can be changed)
0
1200 mm
(Normally fixed)
0.00 mm
152.4 mm
Grating Weight
Railing weight
491 N / m
(50 kg / m)
(Worst case
-4200 mm
Ladder weight
981 N / m
fix)
fix)
PLATE FORM # 2
360
Ladder angle
situation)
Platform width
0
(worst case and can be changed)
90
1200 mm
(Normally fixed)
Platform to datum =
ahead)
6600 mm
Shell clearance
152.4 mm
Grating Weight
Railing weight
491 N / m
(50 kg / m)
(Worst case
100 mm
Ladder weight
981 N / m
fix)
fix)
2000 mm
2000 mm
Platform angle
situation)
Offset
=
=
Platform to datum =
height)
Grating Weight
Railing weight
90
1000 mm
(Variable)
13400 mm
491 N / m
(50 kg / m)
(Worst case
6700 mm
(Variable according to
Ladder weight
981 N / m
fix)
fix)
DESIGN OF BOOTS
The distance mentioned from tangent of boot must be added in the half
of the dia of pressure vessel (in case of horizontal vessels) in order to
determine the projection length of boot while designing a vessel on
compress. As shown in the figure below.
DESIGN OF FLANGES
It must be noted that flange inside dia and pipe (nozzle) outside dia
must be same. Since flanges are available in standard sizes and pipes ID
can be made according to the flange ID requirements. As shown in the
figure below.
CALCULATIONS ON PV-ELITE
10 to 20
Cylinder
20 to 30
Head # 2
30 to 40
If there are more than one cylinders then nodes are selected
accordingly. For example lets suppose there are three cylinders
then the order of selecting the nodes would be
Head # 1
10 to 20
Cylinder # 1 20 to 30
Cylinder # 2 30 to 40
Cylinder # 3 40 to 50
Head # 2
50 to 60
Code is selected from the option code given at the top of the pvelite environment.
Before starting 3D modeling on PV-Elite, always put the designed
parameters in Design Constraints tab as a default settings then
start modeling.
Fundamental concept of PV-Elite fro modeling a vessel is that in PVElite, firstly we have to put value of thickness (assumed) by our
perception. Then after running the software for code calculations, we
For Aramco jobs, toe to toe distance between every pressure part
should be atleast 20mm e.g stiffener ring wear plate and saddle
etc.
For applying Nozzle loads on WRC-297, use the following link
Input---------->
PV-ELITE WARNINGS
Warning # 1
Warning # 2
One or more saddle stress exceeds its allowable
Remedy
Increase number of saddles.