2

Diagram 2.1 shows two rods, P and Q, floating upright in water. Rods P and Q are
identical in shape and size, while the initial amount of water in Beaker 1 and Beaker 2
is equal.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua rod, P dan Q yang terapung di dalam air. Rod P dan Q
adalah serupa dari segi bentuk dan saiz, manakala jumlah asal air dalam Bikar 1 dan
2 adalah sama.

Diagram 2.1/Rajah 2.1

(a) What i the meaning of buoyant force?
Apakah maksud daya apungan?
[Aras:Rendah]

[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) (i)

Explain why the rods in Diagram 2.1 are able to float in water.
Jelaskan mengapa rod-rod dalam Rajah 2.1 dapat terapung dalam air.
[Aras:Tinggi]

[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii)

Name the orinciple involved.

Namakan prinsip terlibat.
[Aras:Rendah]

[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) In Diagram 2.1,
Dalam rajah 2.1,
(i) compare the volume of water displaced by rod P and Q,
Bandingkan isipadu air yang disesarkan oleh rod P dan Q,
[Aras:Sederhana]

[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) compare the buoyant force acting on rods P and Q,
Bandingkan daya apung yang bertindak ke atas rod P dan Q,
[Aras:Sederhana]

[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) state which of the rods has larger mass.
Nyatakan rod yang mana satu mempunyai jisim yang lebih besar.
[Aras:Rendah]

[1 mark/1 markah]

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows a boat carrying cargo floating in water. The mass of the boat is
250 kg and 5 m3 of the boat is immersed in water has a density of 1 000 kg m-3.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sebuah sampan membawa muatan yang terapung dalam air.
Jisim sampan ialah 250 kg dan 5 m3 sampan itu terendam dalam air yang mempunyai
ketumpatan 1 000 kg m-3.

Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2

(i) Calculate the weight of water displaced by the boat.
Hitung berat air yang disesarkan oleh sampan itu.
[Aras:Sederhana]

[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) Estimate the mass of the cargo.
Anggarkan jisim muatan itu.
[Aras:Sederhana]

[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) You are entrusted to select a hot air balloon to be used in an amusement park as
shown in Diagram 2.3. The balloon should be able to carry 6 adult passengers to a
height of 500 m for them to enjoy the surrounding view. The ascending of the balloon
should be fast and safe.
Anda diamanahkan untuk memilih sebuah belon udara panas dalam Rajah 2.3.
Belon itu haruslah mampu membawa 6 penumpang dewasa di ketinggian 500 m
untuk menghayati permandangan sekeliling. Kenaikan dan penurunan belon itu
haruslah cepat dan selamat.

Table 2 shows the characteristic of four short-listed balloons.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri empat belon yang terpilih.

Balloon
Belon

Material of balloon
and basket
Bahan bagi belon
dan bakul

Power of
burner
Kuasa
penunu

Holding Cable
Kabel pegangan

Method to descend
the balloon
Kaedah
menurunkan belon

Strong
Keras

Medium
Sederhana

Light and strong

Ringan dan keras

Switch off burner

Tutup penunu

Extra strong
Sangat Keras

High
Tinggi

Light and very

strong
Ringan dan sangat
keras

Pulled down by
motor
Guna motor untuk
tarik ke bawah

Extra strong
Sangat keras

High
Tinggi

Heavy and strong

Berat dan keras

Switch off burner

Tutup penunu

Medium
Sederhana

Low
Rendah

Heavy and strong

Berat dan sangat
keras

Pulled down by
motor
Guna motor untuk
tarik ke bawah

Table 2 / Jadual 2
(i) Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the balloons to be used in the amusement
park.
Jelaskan kesesuaian setiap ciri belon untuk digunakan dalam taman hiburan itu.
(ii) Determine the most suitable balloon to be selected, and give reasons for your choice.
Tentukan belon yang paling sesuai untuk dipilih, dan berikan sebab-sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[Aras:Tinggi]

[10 marks/10 markah]

2 (a)

(b)(i)
(ii)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)(i)
(ii)

Buoyant force is an upward force acting on an object which has displaced some fluid
in which it is immersed.
Daya apungan adalah daya tujah bertindak ke atas objek yang disesarkan oleh cecair
yang mana ia tenggelam.
1. Buoyant force are produced by the water to act on the rods
2. The buoyant force are able to balance/support the weights of the
rods.
Archimedes Principle
Prinsip Archimedes
Rod Q has displaced more water
Rod Q mempunyai lebih banyak air yang tersesar
Buoyant force acting on Rod Q > Rod P
Daya apungan bertindak di Rod Q > Rod P
Rod Q
Weight of water displaced = 1 000 (5) ( 10)
= 50 000 N
Weight of cargo = 50 000 250 (10)
= 47 500 N

(e)
Suggestion
Material Extra strong

Explanation
To ensure the balloon does not burst or leak easily
and the people in a strong basket will be safer.

Power-Strong

It can heat up the air faster and the balloon can

ascennd faster
It will decrease the overall weight of the balloon in
place safely
So that the balloon can descend faster and more
safety without human error and fatique

The holding cable-Light

and strong
Balloon should pulled
down by motor
Most Suitable is balloon X

Its balloon and basket materials are strong, it has a

strong burner, its holding cable is strong and light
and its descend is operated by motor.