International Aquafeed - July - August 2015 FULL EDITION

I N C O R P O R AT I N G
F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
Lecithin
- as a rich energy
source with nutritional
performance
Advanced lessons
in economics
Aquaculture
in Ghana
- Special two part feature
India
- Aqua feeds and
feeding trends
WA 2015 Jeju review

Volume 18 Issue 4 - JULY | AUGUST 2015
Editor
Professor Simon Davies
Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk
Associate Editors
Dr Albert Tacon
Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk
Dr Yu Yu
Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk
Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition)
Email: mai@perendale.co.uk
John Cooksey and

Mario Stael at WAS
2015 on Jeju Island,
Korea (top), while Sylvia
Earle answers media
questions about her
film Mission Blue at
Monaco Blue Initiative
in Mocaco (bottom left)
Editorial Advisory Panel

Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt)
Dr Albert Tacon (USA)
Professor Antnio Gouveia (Portugal)
Professor Charles Bai (Korea)
Colin Mair (UK)
Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK)
Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada)
Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece)
Dr Kim Jauncey (UK)
Eric De Muylder (Belgium)
Dr Pedro Encarnao (Singapore)
Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy)
Editorial team
Olivia Holden
Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk
Malachi Stone
Email: malachis@perendale.co.uk
Peter Parker
Email: peterp@perendale.co.uk
Editor - Asia Pacific
Roy Palmer
Email: royp@perendale.com
Publisher
Roger Gilbert
Email: rogerg@perendale.co.uk
CONTENTS
Circulation & Events Manager

Tuti Tan
Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk
Volume 18 / Issue 4 / July-August 2015 / Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2015 / All rights reserved
Design Manager
James Taylor
Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk
REGULAR ITEMS
FEATURES
3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS

7
THE AQUACULTURISTS
28 PHOTOSHOOT
40 EXPERT TOPIC - CARP
44 INDUSTRY EVENTS
52 THE MARKET PLACE
54 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW
56 INDUSTRY FACES
16
Aquaculture takes centre stage at

Monaco Blue Initiative 2015 6TH
Edition
20
India - aqua feeds and feeding

trends
24
Advanced lessons in economics
30
Aquaculture in Ghana - Alternative

feed sources
32
Aquaculture in Ghana Commercial floating feeds for pond

culture of tilapia in Ghana
36
Lecithin as a rich energy source

with nutritional performance
38
Aquaculture industry - a profile of

Dr Eckel GmbH
International marketing team (UK)

Darren Parris
Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk
Tom Blacker
Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk
Latin America
Ivn Marquetti
Email: ivanm@perendale.com
Pablo Porcel de Peralta
Email: pablop@perendale.com
India
Ritu Kala
Email: rituk@perendale.com
Africa
Nathan Nwosu
Email: nathann@perendale.com
More information:
International Aquafeed
7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square
Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1242 267706
Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk
FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

SUPPLEMENT
002 AQUANOR - Technology on display
International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.
All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies,
the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of
information published. Copyright 2015 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale
Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058
Professor Simon Davies
Creoso - welcome
am now entering my 30th year in academia and quite

a milestone to say the least. With many Masters and
PhD completions completed in Plymouth, perhaps it
is indeed a time of reflection and a chance to build on
new opportunities and challenges that may present themselves in the future. When many may consider retirement,
I trust that I will get a chance to forge new avenues for the
development of aquaculture and, in particular, the aquafeed
industry and the nutritional sciences that are so important
for the prospect of a sustainable and affordable basis for fish
production, welfare and health of stock. As a consequence,
I have just recently taken up a new appointment at Harper
Adams University in West Central England to spearhead a
new initiative to create a new English Aquaculture Centre
for teaching and research. I will keep you all posted, but
its going to be a busy time again before I take up angling
for good!
I have seen so many changes in the fish farming industry
over the last three decades and a major shift in the type of
supporting research and technologies being applied, many
have made vast differences to the efficiency and performance
of fish and shrimp with significant improvements in survival
throughout the various stages of production. There have been
great strides in the formulation of more refined diets based

on better data obtained from comprehensive digestibility trials
for more precise diet balance with protein, amino acids and
energy availability characterised for numerous feed ingredients
for different species of fish. Also more attention has been
given to the incorporation of alternative feed ingredients that
continues to contribute greatly to feeds with a vast array of
commodities and materials at our disposal on a global basis.
There is a constant stream of scientific research evaluating
all manner of natural proteins, energy rich nutrients derived
from traditional sources or from novel ingredients and especially micro-organisms like algae, yeasts and bacteria that are
now becoming topical areas for consideration in a variety of
aquafeeds. This has also been associated with a plethora of
interest in their functional properties and potential health
benefits in aquaculture. Although there is excellent research
evidence for corroborating the efficacy of many of these feed
additives and supplements in a variety of species of fish, we
must always caution against great claims of wonder effects
without proper scientific scrutiny. Hence, the role of the
expert reviewer in peer-reviewed journals that provide the
academic rigour to underpinning research in fish nutrition.
Another area of progress in the last 10 years has been the
use of new containment systems for fish based on advances
in aquaculture engineering with the wider use of closed recirculation systems. These new concepts pose more challenges
for generating superior diets for fish to minimise their impact
on water quality whilst presenting the correct nutritional
balance for fish growth and production as well as promoting
fish quality and good marketability of the product in terms of
taste and texture.
Similarly, the construction of deep-water offshore platforms for submersible sea cages for marine fish cultivation
has advanced. These systems will require a rethinking of the
feed strategies and feed quality issues for specific marine fish
species in such locations ranging from temperate to tropical
climates. I expect great strides in the future expansion of
mariculture using such technologies and we must address the
needs of the industry in this direction.
One concern is the practicality of research directives at
Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events
18-21 August 2015

AquaNor, Norway
20-23 October 2015

Aquaculture Europe 2015
The Netherlands,
Stand number 1.6
NEWS
Seeds of
love
present with much emphasis (due to research funding pressure) on the so-called -omics. Whilst such terms as genomics, metabolomics and proteomics that form the basis of a
molecular basis to our fundamental understanding of fish nutrition has an important place in our arsenal of research tools,
we must not lose sight that fish farmers and feed companies
require good practical information that allows the application
of knowledge at a fundamental and applied level that is easy
to put into effect.
The quest by scientists for the highest impact scientific
paper may not translate comfortably to the practising fish
farmer who at the end of the day is more tuned to fish
growth performance and feed conversion than the gene
expression for a specific nutrient or trait. Scientists can often
lose themselves in their own world and become ignorant of
the demands of society for translational research leading to
real benefits.
We would be failing in our mission if we only focused on
a narrow path of scientific disciplines or self-interest in a particular area of fish nutrition without seeing the bigger picture.
To our detriment we increasingly see this now in the appointments of fish nutritionists in academic posts who seem to
fail to appreciate the wider context of applied fish nutrition
and feed technology. The science of fish nutrition should be
embedded with a sound grasp of core animal nutrition as well.
Moving on! In this late summer issue we have a number of
interesting features including our focus on tilapia production in
India as our special fish species topic.
India is a dynamic player in the global arena and we also
review its range of commodities, raw materials and development in the aquafeed sector in an Asian context.
With President Obama recently saying that Africa is on the
move, it is opportune to focus on Ghanas activities with its
growing aquaculture industry and strong support of tilapia for
both domestic consumption and export.
We also report on the 6th Monaco Blue Initiative which
was held in the Monaco Yacht Club in late June held by HSH
Prince Albert II and his Monaco foundation. Its theme focused
on Feeding and fueling the world through sustainable aquaculture. Our publisher Roger Gilbert and writer Roy Palmer were
initiated to participate in two of the four panels held and their
report is in this issue.
Our team travelled to Germany in June to report on the
production of feed additives from the Dr Eckel factory in
Niederzissen, which is just south of Bonn to the west of the
Rhein River. They were most impressed with the production
facilities and the work being done of fish nutrition.
We also report on a lesson in advanced economics for the
aquaculture and fisheries sector with much to learn indeed. I
hope that our masters in the funding agencies and our ministers of finance in Europe are listening and making sure of the
information for investment and development.
Please enjoy our full range of other news items, focus
group reports and blogs as we cover the broader range of
international aquafeed topics of interest as usual.
Ioannis Zabetakis,
assistant professor
of food chemistry,
university of
Athens, Greece
t is summer. It is this blessed time of the year when

all of us can afford some more time to be spent
with our beloved ones doing things that may look
not productive, but they really are.
Every summer, I spend lots of time both by and
in the sea, sailing, fishing, and swimming. But this
summer is different. My boys are old enough now
to go snorkelling and spear fishing. You may wonder
why I bother you with all these trivial things. They
may look trivial but they are quite promising in this
sense: teaching young kids to love fishing can be a
fundamental step towards teaching them sustainable
fishing, aquaculture and nutritional value of fish.
When a young child catches his or her food, they
have a really good chance to get familiar with the
food we eat, how different fish taste and which ones
match better her or his palate prefers. Then, the
issues of how fish are grown, what food they eat
and why eating fish is good for human health can be
introduced and discussed. We need two things here:
to be able to go fishing and some dedicated time by
the parent. The second element is more crucial.
But the issues that are emerging from these discussions are diverse and rather interesting.
First, the issue of nutritional value was raised. When
I was asked by my boys how much fish we need
to eat, I gave an (automatic) answer of about two
portions per week but this is not the case. However,
still today, there are clear nutritional guidelines on
how many grams of fish we need to eat, and also
what type of fish! Lets stick to two portions per
week when talking to our kids.
Another issue that was brought up is what fish eat.
Here, fascinating things can be discussed, about the
food chain management, the impact of anthropogenic pollution on fish quality (i.e. have a look at the
Minamata case in Japan, and how fish there poisoned
humans and vice versa https://www1.umn.edu/ships/
ethics/minamata.htm) and how we can make sustainable the production of fish feeds and hence fish.
Finally, another issue than could be explained to
kids is the one of climate change and its impact on
fish populations. By linking the melting of ice to the
temperature of sea and the domination of some fish
species over others, we could sow some seeds of
curiosity to the young ones and these seeds should
help them in their future investigations.
Enjoy the sea and the sea discussions!
izabet@chem.uoa.gr
@yanzabet
July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3
NEWS
Responsible Feed Have Your Say
he
Aquaculture
Stewardship Council
(ASC) is developing a
Responsible Feed Standard to
tackle the important feed issue
which has created continued
tension with many groups the
standard will be new and globally
applicable.
As with all standards, an important stage in the development is
the Public Comment period. The
Public Comment period enables
anyone who feels they have
something to contribute to use
the period to provide their view
on its provisions. All comments
have to be considered in detail
by the relevant Committee and,
if necessar y, fur ther drafting is
Workshop
essential element in any farming

but fish farming seems to be
under pressure more than any
other industry in regard to feeds.
For many species, feed is also a
major contributor to the overall
environmental impact of aquaculture because the production of
some of the key ingredients used
in making feed itself creates environmental pressures that need to
be addressed.
Michiel Fransen, Standards and
Certification Coordinator for ASC
says, the Standard will set out
the requirements for the aquaculture feed industry to operate
on a more environmentally sound
and socially responsible basis. The
project will introduce consistency
Date
Time
When you feed with Aller Gold

you get:
the optimum mix of raw
materials to suppor t the
best possible FCR, growth
and health of your trout
a thoroughly researched and
tested feed at a competitive
price
a seasonally optimised feed
for optimum effect at no
extra cost (ALLER GOLD is
included in our Temperature
Adapted Feeds concept for
both the Spring Edition and
the Winter Edition)

Hans Erik Bylling, CEO of Aller
Aqua explains:
Aller Gold is one of our
finest products for trout and it
is a product that I am proud of
selling to our customers. I receive
a lot of positive feedback on
both technical quality and performance. Our R&D department,
led by Dr Hanno Slawski, continuously works hard at getting the
best results that we can pass on
to our customers, and I can see
all the hard work paying off.
Venue
Workshop Bangkok http://

www.nor-fishing.no/en/
exhibitors-2015/
4 August 2015
10:00 15:00
(lunch is included)
THE REMBRANDT HOTEL BANGKOK

Address:19 SukhumvitSoi 18, Sukhumvit Road,
Bangkok
Workshop Ho Chi Minh City
5 August 2015
10:00 15:00
(lunch is included)
EDENSTAR HOTEL
Address: 38 Bui Thi Xuan str., Ben Thanh Ward,
Dist.1, HCMC
Workshop Guangzhou
7 August 2015
10:00 15:00
(lunch is included)
JIANGUA HOTEL
Address: 172 Linhe Road Central, Tianhe
District, Guangzhou
Workshop Santiago
11 August 2015
10:00 15:00
(lunch is included)
PRESIDENTE SUITES SANTIAGO

Address: Luis Thayer Ojeda 383, Providencia,
Santiago
under taken. Individual feedback

is generally not be given by the
Committee on the comments
provided. It cer tainly helps the
whole process even if you totally
agree with the standard being
developed.
In this case, seafood species that
need feed in order to complete
their growing cycle have come
under undue criticism. Feed is an
into the way in which the aquaculture feed industry has been
asked to address sustainability
and social responsibility issues
concerning feed.
He added, the Steer ing
Committee, Technical Working
Groups and Secretary have now
approved the initial draft of the
ASC Responsible Feed Standard
to be open for public consultation
Aller gold trials show excellent feed

conversation rate results
ascaqua.org/index.cfm?act=tekst.
item&iid=311&iids=313&lng=1).
In addition, four outreach events
are being organised to present
the standard and receive public
feedback. These events will be
held in as follows:
Registration is impor tant for
catering purposes so please refer
to ASC website for instructions
on this point.
Interest in the responsible use

of aquafeeds is broader than
managing the impacts of feed use
in the farming system alone (e.g.
controlling pollution from excessive use) and extends to questions about the environmental and
social impact created by the production systems used to produce
the various ingredients.
A wide variety of plant, animal
and other Ingredients are currently used in formulated feeds
with the dominant categories being various plant derived
products (e.g. soy, wheat, rice,
corn), fishmeal and oil and meat
by-products. In addition to these
main ingredient categories there
are smaller quantities of additives
used such as additional nutrients,
pharmaceuticals and probiotics,
amongst others.
The raw material production creates both environmental
and social issues, at both the raw
material production and processing
points of the supply chain.These can
include habitat loss, over-harvesting,
loss of threatened species, pollution and exploitation of workers,
amongst others. The purpose of
this Standard is to provide a means
to reduce the environmental and
social impact created by the production of raw materials used for
aquaculture feed significantly.
The ASC Responsible Feed
Standard will eventually replace
the feed ingredient requirements
within individual, species-specific
ASC Farm Standards. ASC certified farms will eventually need to
use ASC certified feed in order to
be certifiable.
from June 30th until September

11th, 2015. The ASC Responsible
Feed Project follows the ISEAL
Guidelines for Setting Social
and Environmental Standards
v6.0. An impor tant par t of the
standard setting process are
two public consultation periods.
During these public consultation
periods all stakeholders (industry
and non-industry) can provide
feedback on the draft versions of
the standard.
The Steering Committee of the
ASC Responsible Feed Standard
welcomes feedback on this initial
draft standard from all relevant
stakeholder s. The consultation documents are available at
the ASC website: (http://www.
n trials carried out on an independent Danish fish farm under

general production conditions,
Aller Gold showed excellent results.
The feed conversion ratio (FCR)
was found to be between 0.68 0.80 for fish up to 180 gr.
The ongoing trials were initiated by Aller Aqua to document
that Aller Gold is performing at
a constant high level at all times,
and we are glad to say that we
were not disappointed. FCR was

consistently low and star ted
below 0.7 for 50 gr fish.
During recent years a continuous improvement in the recipe
has been carried out to enhance
feed performance and competitiveness. Aller Aqua Research is
constantly testing and choosing the
best performing raw materials of
the highest quality to ensure firstclass feeds to our customers.
4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015
NEWS
AQUACULTURE
by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel
Ten heads and ten tails:

Dr Young Chos parables about
making sure results are adding up
ach year, I have the chance to supervise many

graduate students, carry out peer-review of scientific
publications, host foreign scientists and pay a visit to
the Research and Development personnel of different
public and private institutions and research facilities
in different parts of the world. During my numerous interactions
with all these people, I am given the chance to review the results of
exciting research projects. I enjoy discussing results, what they mean,
how they are making the field of aquaculture nutrition evolve, etc.
Strangely enough however, now I am finding that most of my attention and time is devoted to verification of reliability of the results
and to troubleshooting of problems. I am slowly but surely becoming
highly skeptical right from the start!
As a PhD student at the University of Guelph a couple decades ago,
I studied under the mentorship of Dr C. Young Cho, a colourful no
non-sense scientist who has taught me much about the process of
science and research. Dr Cho retired 15 years ago and I am often
reminiscing about the things he used to tell the young grad student
I was. He always had many vivid and compelling real life stories or
fables to share.
When discussing research results, he once told me:
Someone has 10 fish and this person cuts each fish in half and
throws them in a cooking pot. The person should therefore have 10
Number crunching Norway

94.5 - the total percentage of all aquaculture production in
Norway in 2014 that was Salmon
5.1 - the percentage of all aquaculture that is the species of
rainbow trout in 2014
41.1 - billion - the value of salmon in Norwegian Krone
(NOK) in 2014
6,350 - total number of people employed in aquaculture
production in 2014
1,467 - total number of valid aquaculture licenses in 2014
83,000 - the total length of Norwegian coastline, including
fjords and islands
7 - the globally ranked place of Norwegian aquaculture
production amount in 2009
(Sources (1-5): Statistics Norway http://www.ssb.no/)
(Sources (6-7): FAO - http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/NOR/en/)
heads and 10 tails in his pot. Now, the person counts the fish and he
is finding 11 heads and 9 tails. He may only be off by 10 percent but
there is something fundamentally wrong going on!
That was Dr Chos whimsical way of telling me that results, whether
from a chemical analysis or from a research trial, should be logical
and that biological or analytical variability is sometimes a nice excuse
for work relatively poorly done.
To illustrate with an example: In recent months, I had the chance
of reviewing the results from a number of digestibility trials carried
out by my own research group or by some collaborators or during
peer-review of scientific manuscripts for journals. Up to a few years
ago, I have not realised all that could go wrong with estimating the
apparent digestibility of nutrients of diets and feed ingredients! And
no, I am not talking about the methods used for collecting the fecal
material! The fish nutrition community has been discussing the issue
of fecal collection method for years and yet sometimes overlooks
basic issues.
When carrying out a digestibility trial, a digestion indicator (e.g.
chromic oxide, yttrium oxide) is generally carefully incorporated in
the experimental diets at a pre-determined, concentration (e.g. 0.5
percent, 100 ppm). However, for a good 30 percent of the digestibility results (sample analysis) that I am reviewing each year, the
concentration of the digestion indicator of the experimental diets
measured (or reported by the lab) for the experimental diets does not
concur with the levels that were incorporated in the diet. How can
this be?
"As a PhD student at the University of Guelph

a couple decades ago, I studied under the
mentorship of Dr C. Young Cho, a colourful no
non-sense scientist who has taught me much
about the process of science and research"
In digestibility trials like in most other nutrition trials, the experimental diets are combination of different ingredients included a
pre-determined level and that are blended to form a homogenous mix.
Consequently, nutrient content of a diet sample should reflect the
weighted average of the said nutrient concentration of the different
ingredients used. Again, it is surprisingly common to see chemical
analysis values for experimental diets that are not reflection of the
weighted average of the nutrient composition of the ingredients!
Every nutritionist knows that (gross) energy is a property of nutrients.
Consequently, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of gross
energy (GE) should be the weighted average of the ADCs of crude
protein, lipids and carbohydrate of the feed. In several digestibility
studies I have reviewed in recent years, the ADC of GE is not a
reflection of the weighted average of ADC of protein, lipids and
carbohydrate.
Where is the problem? Does it lies in the (careless) preparation
of experimental diets or in poor reliability of the chemical analyses carried out? The latter is generally the most probable reason.
Mathematical or calculation errors are also not that uncommon.
I have learned from Dr Cho that one has to be skeptical about his own
results and that every researcher is responsible for ensuring that the
results are logical. This doesnt mean that one has to be omniscient or
know from the start what results to expect in all cases. However, there
are a number of aspects that needs to add up. The process by which
someone determines whether different elements add up can actually
be an effective method for verifying the quality and reliability of
research endeavours.
Agree or disagree? Let me know! dbureau@uoguelph.ca
NEWS
Scottish Sea Farms, BioMar, and

the University of Stirling.
Atlantic salmon is the UKs
largest food expor t, with a
retail value of over 1bn. With
demand for Scottish salmon
increasing in traditional markets
such as the US and France, and
emerging export markets such as
China, the Scottish Government
has set increased production
targets for 2020. Progress on the
use of cleaner fish such as wrasse
and lumpfish to control sea lice
on fish farms will suppor t the
industrys work to raise production.
Cohabitation of salmon with
cleaner fish, especially wrasse,
has been shown to significantly
reduce the sea lice challenge
to salmon an issue that has
hampered growth in the industry.
It can also help to reduce the
usage of licensed anti-lice medicines on farms.
The previous use of wrasse in
fish farms has largely involved
the collection of wild wrasse, a
solution which is not sustainable.
However, the culture of wrasse is
in its infancy in the UK, and production challenges have limited
the deployment of farmed wrasse.
This project brings together aca-
demics leading wrasse research

in the UK with major salmon
producers to solve the bottlenecks limiting productivity, and to
improve the quality and delousing
efficacy of farmed wrasse.
Building on proof of concept
established in previous research,
the SAIC project will extend
current knowledge through to
upscaling of hatchery technologies; optimisation of cleaner fish
welfare in salmon cages; and prototyping in the commercial environment.
Project outcomes will include
commercial protocols, research
tools and a new knowledge of
the biology of the ballan wrasse.
This will permit production of a
handbook that individual farmers
in Scotland including SMEs - can
use as a beginning-to-end guide
on the breeding and husbandry
of farmed wrasse.
Heather Jones, CEO of the
Scottish Aquaculture Innovation
Centre, said:
The Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centres role is to bring
industry and academia together
to help grow the industry sustainably through innovation. This
project exactly fits that bill; sea
lice control heads SAICs list of
Priority Innovation Areas. Our
grant funding has galvanised an
industry-academic collaboration
that not only leverages substantial investment, but will feed into
Scottish economic growth.
S t e ve B r a c k e n , B u s i n e s s
Suppor t Manager at Marine
Har vest (Scotland) Ltd, added:
The deployment of wrasse as a
means to control sea lice should
increase the availability of farm
sites, reduce medication costs and
increase production efficiency. All
parts of the industry from large
companies such as ourselves, to
SMEs - will see benefits from this,
and the already-excellent reputation of Scottish salmon will be
enhanced.
And the academic lead on
the project team, Professor
Her v Migaud, Professor in
Fish Physiology and Director
of Research at Institute of
Aquaculture, University of Stirling,
commented:
Innovation Centres support and
funding will enable us to extend
this project from proof of concept
to the commercial environment.
The impact of the research will
be considerable in both scientific
and economic terms. In addition,
PhD and Masters students at
the Institute of Aquaculture have
the opportunity to gain research
exper tise in one of the aquaculture industrys most pressing
issues.
eries and aquaculture womens

groups in Mexico. Veronica has
always been ver y suppor tive
of aquaculture and has actively
played a major role in Mexico's
strategic planning for more than
a decade. Recently she was part
of the team that coordinated
the National Development Plan
of Fisheries and Aquaculture in
Mexico, where she made sure
that gender issues were always
addressed. Since the elaboration

of this plan Mexican aquaculture
has improved 32 percent.
According to Antonio Garza de
Yta, Director General of Planning,
Programming and Evaluation at
CONAPESC A and President
LACC,World Aquaculture Society,
Veronica is a silent warrior who
needs to be honoured. It has been
an enormous pleasure to collaborate with her in recent years and
there is no doubt whatsoever
that Veronica is a role model to
any person who has contact with
her. She is a synonym of professionalism and hard work.
Alleviating poverty and malnutrition is a major issue in Mexico and
as a means of supporting the poor
population, the federal government has invested around US$150
million through CONAPESCA to
support more than 36,000 families
in 145 municipalities in 22 of the 32
states of Mexico.
In Mexico the role of women
in the rural environment and the
development of aquaculture is of
utmost importance. Aquaculture
production models are at three
levels, namely extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive with rural integration, varying according to climate
and activities integrated with land
and animal husbandry.
Veronica is currently collaborating in the Depar tment of
Planning and International Affairs
for CONAPESC A and has
worked tirelessly for the organisation in areas such as administration, management, governance
and strategic planning. Veronica
has shown willingness for transferring knowledge and technology and developing within the
sector an increasing capability and
capacity to ensure the issues of
gender are well covered.
Wrasse project offers production boost

to Scottish salmon industry
he Scottish Aquaculture
Innovation Centre has
kicked off a 4 million
applied research project to
upscale the use of farmed wrasse
in commercial salmon farms.
The new project, now rolling
out on Scotlands West Coast,
has the potential to increase productivity on salmon farms and
reduce the use of medicines in
the industr y. With the project
agreement in place, the project
team can set about taking validated lab research through to
full application in the commercial
environment.
The deployment of farmed
wrasse to control sea lice on
farms could lead to the creation
of new jobs in rural communities, not just in salmon production, but in wrasse production
and management. Wrasse can
co-habit with salmon in the same
pens and can be used as cleaner
fish to remove sea lice from the
salmon.
Innovation Centre (SAIC)
has awarded grant funding of
831,530 to this cleaner fish
project. The grant has leveraged
contributions worth 3.01 million
from Marine Harvest (Scotland),
First woman of the

month award for
Latin America
quaculture without
Frontiers is very pleased
to announce that
Veronica Esquivel Medina from
Mazatln, Mexico is our Woman
of the Month for July. This is the
first such award presented to
anyone in Latin America.
A current leader for all women
who are working in the fisheries
and aquaculture sector in Mexico,
Veronica is an example of hard
work, honesty and collaboration.
She is always involved in young
professionals career development and everyone seeks her out
for her advice.
Veronica has always fought for
the rights of women in Mexican
policies and has led several fish-
Aquaculture empowers women

to improve nutrition
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

without Frontiers
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
NEWS
i i i i i i i
i
i i
The Aquaculturists
A regular look inside

the aquaculture
industry
Italians annoyed over the size of
clams they can have with their
spaghetti
The EU has been criticised recently
for imposing a minimum size for
fishing clams in the Mediterranean.
Italian press reports that these rules
limit the ability to enjoy the traditional dish of spaghetti with clams.
bit.ly/1VOBIWt
Growing number of ASC accredited auditors

The number of auditors trained to
assess farms against the ASC standards is steadily increasing. Following
training workshops held last month
in Bangkok on ASC's shrimp and
tilapia standards, a fur ther 12
auditors are now ready to carry
out audits on farms seeking ASC
certification.
bit.ly/1Dbd1O9
Skretting: Marketing manager

Latin America, Asia and Africa;
Application deadline 24 August
Skretting wants to strengthen
product development and marketing in markets outside Europe
and the salmon segment.
bit.ly/1IMQxFz
Feedback on ASC's operational

review published
The feedback from the public consultation of ASC's pangasius, tilapia
and salmon standards is now available on the ASC website.
bit.ly/1KBYCdq
www.theaquaculturists
.blogspot.com
wF Director, John Forster, pointed out

a recent US Aid Newsletter which highlighted the importance of aquaculture and
women in assisting with the global issues of poverty
and hunger.
Interestingly the example mentioned was in
Nepal, a country currently suffering the enormous
effects of a recent earthquake, Nepal was a country
where AwF had helped establish aquaculture see
project reports 2008-2012. I particularly recall Ram
Bhujel (AIT and AwF Volunteer) saying at the
AwF Session during a WAS-APC Conference in
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, how important AwF
had been in his birthplace (Nepal) in showing that
aquaculture was possible and also empowering
women to engage.
As the US aid newsletter states, In rural Nepal,
widespread poverty is compounded by the lack of
access to high-quality, nutritious foods. According
to a recent report from the Nepal Demographic
Health Survey, 41 percent of children under the
age of five are chronically malnourished, and anemia is a significant problem, afflicting 47 percent of
children and 36 percent of women.
One approach to mitigate the occurrence of
anemia and to improve the overall health of rural
Nepalese is to supplement their diets with vitaminrich protein sources, such as fish. Researchers from
Nepals Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU)
recognised the potential of aquaculture to help
address this widespread nutritional deficit, and
their recent effort in Nepal successfully established
more than 70 family-run fishponds, all managed
by women. In the first year of operation, the
ponds produced over 500 kg of fish for household
consumption.
Looking back at AwF Project reports I read that
an aquaculture awareness program was organised,
this involved gathering a group of women and
using computers from a higher secondary school in
the village. A program produced on CD that was
based on the Women in Aquaculture Project in
Chitwan was shown, followed by questions and
answers. Even at that stage organisers were reporting that a lot of women had shown their interest.
From that report I read, Altogether 52 families
applied and showed interest in culturing fish on
their land which was almost double the number
the project team had expected. Full technical support (training, field visit and fry supply) was offered
to all of them, and a partial financial support was
extended to all of them dividing them into two
categories i.e. very poor and poor; with more support to the former.
According to US Aid, Researchers intend to

train more women in effective aquaculture techniques by establishing womens groups to educate
rural Nepalese on fish farming practices and the
nutritional benefits associated with household fish
production.
The nutritional aspect was also highlighted by
WorldFish Senior Nutrition Advisor, Dr Shakuntala
Thilsted in her plenary speech at WA2015 in Jeju
How can Aquaculture Contribute to the Diets of
the Poor.
Dr Thilsted highlighted that the characteristics
of a healthy diet for the poor included natural
foods which are locally produced; culturally acceptable (taste, texture, colour, flavour, etc); affordable;
high in nutritional quality; safe and available year
round.
Fish and other aquatic foods are rich in several essential micronutrients especially Vitamin A
(animal sourced foods have the only preformed
source); retinol, fish also has Vitamin A2 dehydroretinol); Vitamin B12 (animal sourced foods
are the only dietary source); Riboflavin, Vitamin D
(animal sourced foods are the only dietary source);
Vitamin E, Available Iron (animal sourced foods are
the only dietary source of haem iron) and available
zinc, calcium and phosphorous.
Shakuntala indicated the diversity of species
had an effect on a healthy diet and called upon
the aquaculture industry to ensure the spread of
species in fish, other aquatic animals and plants to
ensure we all benefited. This way we would meet
the preferences of more people, enabling various forms of preparation for different meals and
snacks suitable for all sorts of occasions. It would
increase the frequency and quantity of consumption, increase seasonal variety, and increase the
likelihood of covering multiple nutritional needs.
One of the challenges of bringing new practices
to rural women in Nepal, or for that matter in
many countries, is that more than half of them are
illiterate and cannot be reached through traditional
methods such as distributing written materials.
AwF are supporters of the concept of empowering rural women to grow and consume fish from
their own backyards, and are working on a number
of project concepts. It is by giving the women the
means to combat the daunting threats of anemia
and malnutrition in their households. Better access
to more diverse food sources means that families
have the chance to increase their resilience and
food security in some of the worlds most remote
corners.
http://feedthefuture.gov/article/aquaculture
-helps-women-nepal-improve-household-nutrition
NEWS
Added value of Early Warning

System (EWS)
by Johan den Hartog, Managing Director, GMP+ International
ost of the feed and food safety assurance systems are

focussed on prevention of contamination of feed and food
materials with undesirable substances or microbiological
agents. A certification scheme has three main components: the normative references, the assurance and corrective action tools, and the rules
of certification.
The normative references determine what is considered as a safe
product for consumption, or what is sustainable or responsible related
to environment or society. The rules of certification are about the certification process of companies applying for a certificate against the
involved certification scheme, which the certification bodies have to
apply and comply with.
The assurance and corrective action tools are the instruments and
procedures, which the company obtaining a certificate have to apply in
the daily business operations. The assurance tools are focused on preventive actions and measurements in order to avoid the occurrence of
contamination.
A starting point for the control of potential risk is the application of
prerequisite programs in order to create a basic level of control. The
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) approach is important to identify in advance the remaining risks in the process and operations and to determine appropriate control measures, as well as a
monitoring plan.
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i i
i
Figure 1: Number of EWS notifications in 2011 2014

We realised that additional reasons are valuable to notify in any
case of exceeding the maximum permitted level, also if other
companies are not involved. Firstly, it is relevant to learn about
the cause and source of contamination. That can be taken into
account in risk assessments. Secondly, a complete overview enables
to communicate about the effectiveness of feed safety assurance
(risk communication) in daily practise.
i i i i i i i
i
i i
Get more daily industry news at the
Aquaculturists
The purchased/supplied ingredients could be a risk. For feed or food

safety, a full control of the supply chain is a relevant option, which is
followed in the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance certification. Application
Facts about 2013-2014
At this moment GMP+ International is preparing an evaluation of the EWS notifications of 2013 and 2014. In general the
figures show that there have been more notifications in 2013 and
2014 than the years before. This increase in the number of notifications was related to mycotoxins. It is also good to realise that
sometimes more than one EWS message has been related to the
same case.
Most of the reported issues are controlled in an early stage.
Only a limited number were related to a more or less serious
feed safety emergency. In 2013 this was aflatoxin in maize and
in 2014 this was furazolidon in in soymix. Because of these two
safety issues, the requirements to notify have become stricter.
Before 2015, GMP+ FSA certified companies were only obliged
to notify contamination levels above maximum permitted level,
in case the situation was not fully under control of the involved
company and could affect other companies too. End 2014,
we introduced the obligation to notify every exceeding of the
maximum permitted level of an undesirable substance to GMP+
International as well as the certification body. This notification as
well as informing the customers is considered so crucial for the
effectiveness of the control of a safety incident, that non-compliance is classified as a critical non-conformity with withdrawal of
the GMP+ FSA certificate as a consequence.
GMP+ International always tries to find out the source and
cause of contamination, because that could be relevant for the
risk assessments and could contribute to avoid occurrence in
the future. The GMP+ FSA certified companies observe these
EWS messages as worthwhile, because it increases their alertness
regarding specific risks.
It adds also value in comparison of the Rapid Alerts System
Feed & Food (RASFF) of the European Union, due to more details
and quick publication. The most important causes of contamination (figure 2) are natural exposure and genesis during processing.
Process aids can also be a source, which need to be considered in
the risk assessments.
Want more industry news?

Try our daily online news service.
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
NEWS
Figure 2: Cause of contamination of EWS notifications, 2013 2104

My final conclusion is that EWS is a worthwhile measurement in addition
to all kind of preventive actions. It contributes to reduce the spread out
of contaminated material in the market and therefore, it contributes to
reduce the size of a feed safety emergency. Damage control is a shared
responsibility and this also applies to feed safety.
of a quality management system makes it possible to ensure control

measures and monitoring plan in the daily operations in a consistent
way.
Besides the preventive measures, also corrective actions need a
company to apply in the event of the occurrence of a contamination of
a certain consignment. In that case, it is about traceability; recall procedures, and early warning. The aim of these measurements is to reduce
the distribution of contaminated lot(s) of feed or food material in the
market or withdraw it in order to limit the negative impact on feed
safety in the production chain as much as possible.
Within the GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance (FSA) certification, the Early
Warning System (EWS) is essential to reduce the impact of a contam-
ination and operates as follows. It is not alone a matter of the

primary involved company, but also of other companies. If a certified company determines a level of undesirable substance(s)
exceeding the maximum permitted level, it is obliged besides
taking the appropriate control and corrective measurements
and informing its customers to notify GMP+ International as
well as the involved certification body and the competent official
authority if applicable.
This notification has a relevant reason. GMP+ International
assesses each EWS notification and decides, together with
involved par ticipants, if and which measures are necessary
to prevent or limit damage in subsequent chains. These may
include measures taken by GMP+ International.
The primary focus of the company is to inform involved suppliers and customers, blocking contaminated batches, investigate
the cause of contamination and take corrective measures.
The primary focus of GMP+ International is to alert the other
GMP+ FSA participants about the occurrence of a concrete
contamination event in the market, if the contaminated lots are
delivered by supply chain partner(s), or the contaminated lots are or
can be delivered to other companies in the market.
In that case, GMP+ International informs all other GMP+ FSA participants about the involved product (generic name), the kind of undesirable substance(s), the detected level(s), and the country of origin.
The company involved will not be published. When other GMP+ FSA
participants are also buying or dealing with the reported product
from the mentioned origin, they can take the right control measures,
like sampling and analysing or asking guarantees of his supplier. The
primary focus of the certification body is to monitor the application
of the appropriate actions and measurements by the involved feed
company.
Travelling?
No internet?
No problem!
Download our editions
with the ISSUU app
and read them offline
FEATURE
New CroatianNorwegian
company exhibits at Aqua
Nor for the first time
Mr Malvin Villab, Director, CroNoMar
All images courtesy of CroNoMara
roNoMar d.o.o. is a Norwegian-owned innovation company

in Croatia, founded with the aim of identifying and realising
new business opportunities in order to establish partnerships between Norwegian and Croatian companies within the marine/
maritime sector and related industries.
The companys CEO, Norwegian Malvin Villab, says: Our mission
is to make connections between such companies as well as to assist
them in establishing and carrying out real operational partnerships
from an early stage through to commercialisation with focus on
creating and promoting new business activities (including identifying
potential relevant business partners in Croatia, providing QA both
for partners and products/ services, providing supervision activities,
etc.)
Furthermore, CroNoMar is managing an innovating incubator in
the Maritime Innovation Centre in ibenik iNavis. As an integrated
innovation network, CroNoMar is assisting start-up companies and
existing companies through consulting, courses and networking says
Mr Villab.
Cronomar has recently founded a subsidiary company Marin Globe
d.o.o., which is a trading company with an operational purchaser role
between Croatian manufacturers and customers outside Croatia
with focus on price, quality and availability of aftersales services. The
company is providing services such as purchasing of marine equipment
in a global market for global clients.
The par ticipation of CroNoMar at the international aquaculture technology exhibition Aqua Nor in August 2015 in Trondheim,
Norway, is part of an economic mission from Croatia and has been
co-financed by the Croatian Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Crafts
Entrepreneurial Impulse Programme.
The objective of this economic mission is to present the potential
of Croatia and Croatian companies as well as Croatian products and
services at the international market, to exchange business information, connect with future partners, establish new contacts and realise
partnerships.
As par t of its par ticipation at Aqua Nor 2015, CroNoMar will
hold a presentation on 'The potential of the marine/maritime sector
in Croatia', which will be held on 20th August from 1030-1230 in
meeting room eight. The presentation will be given in English by Mr
Malvin Villab, CEO of CroNoMar d.o.o, Croatia. Attendance is free
of charge.
In addition to CroNoMar, there will be also three other Croatian
companies taking part in AquaNor 2015.
FEATURE
Kenya Government and FAO launch

Blue Growth Initiative in Kenya
he launch was held in

Mombasa, Kenya, led by the
acting Cabinet Secretary
for Agriculture, Livestock and
Fisheries Mr Adan Mohamed and
FAO Representative in Kenya
Dr Luca Alinovi. In attendance
was county leadership from Kilifi,
Kwale, Mombasa and TanaRiver
counties.
In his opening remarks, Mr
Mohamed noted that sustainability of fish supply in our waters
requires concerted attention.
Improvements targeted across
the various aspects of fisheries
management, as well as regulatory barriers, difficulty in accessing
funding, fragmented research and
development, and poor access to
markets need to be addressed.
Particular attention may be given
to empowering the small/rural
or ar tisanal fishermen and fish
farmers who contribute consistently to the seafood supply chain,
but do not have the capacity to
optimise their farming or fish
catch. he noted.
The inland aquaculture sector
continues to grow, but mariculture is lagging behind. While most
of the current aquaculture production is based in freshwater
fish farming, there exists a lot of
potential in mariculture (aquaculture in coastal and marine
environments) on the extensive
Kenya coast.
We can sustainability develop
mariculture through improving
the governance and management of the aquatic eco-sys-
Yara expands valueadded production

capacity in Sluiskil,
Netherlands
ar a is investing US$
263 million in Sluiskil,
Netherlands to increase
granulation capacity enabling
increased production of
granular urea with sulphur, and
nitrates.
tems, conservation of biodiversity and habitats and most importantly, empower vulnerable communities engaged in small-scale
production to act as resource
users and stewards noted Dr
Alinovi.
Implementing BGI
through the Ecosystem
Approach to Aquaculture
(EAA) in Kenya
developed two projects worth a

total of US$1 million from the
BGI, namely In Support of Food
Security and Nutrition, Pover ty
Alleviation and Healthy Oceans
and In suppor t of implementation of mariculture in Kenya
within an ecosystems approach.
Both projects aim to increase
knowledge of water basin to
coral reef ecosystem ser vices
suppor ting food, nutrition and
livelihood security so as to guide
and improve investment in sustainable coastal mariculture. This
includes a better integration
by a five-day training workshop

on implementing the Ecosystem
Approach to Aquaculture (EAA).
The EAA strives to balance
diverse societal objectives, by
taking account of the knowledge and uncertainties of biotic,
abiotic and human components of ecosystems including
their interactions, flows and processes and applying an integrated
approach within ecologically and
operationally meaningful boundaries.
The general objective of the
workshop is to inform and train
The EAA is best implemented

within a national aquaculture
policy with a regulatory framework that promotes the growth
of a healthy and competitive
aquaculture sector while providing protections from threats
such as disease spread, pollution and environmental degradation.
Mr Mohamed reiterated Kenyas
commitment to developing fisheries in Kenya. I wish to stress
that my ministry is committed to
making the fisheries sector one
of the key pillars of economic
growth in Kenya he said.
It is therefore my strong belief
that the modest initiative my
ministr y is star ting with FAO
and other developing par tners
through these projects today will
culminate in oppor tunities for
major investments, additional livelihoods for the coastal communities and overall well-being for
the Kenyan people as envisaged
in Kenyas development Blue Print
Vision 2030.
In collabor ation with the
Government of Kenya, FAO has
The BGI is designed around

capture fisheries, sustainable
aquaculture, livelihoods and
food systems, and economic
growth from aquatic ecosystem services. It is also bringing
support and more attention to
enhance the implementation of
the FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fisheries and the
Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
and Aquaculture (EAF/EAA).
The launch is to be followed
managers, developers, farmers

and other relevant stakeholders
on the EAA and how to develop
EAA management plans for mariculture areas in Kenya that incorporate other users of the coastal
zones.
The workshop will produce
better-informed stakeholders on
the EAA and its potential for
aquaculture management at local
and national level, and improved
understanding of aquaculture for
stakeholders outside the agricultural sector. It is expected that
one or more draft management
plans for piloting in selected
aquaculture management areas
and recommendations for the
national aquaculture strategy
in the context of EAA will be
realised.
In 2011, Yara completed the

construction of a new world
scale urea solution plant in
Sluiskil which partly feeds an old
prilling unit producing 400,000
tons of urea annually. With this
investment, the prilling unit will
be replaced by a new urea granulator also designed for production of urea with sulphur,
a product that is sold with a
premium to regular urea. The
new granulator will have an
annual capacity of 660,000 tons
of urea with sulphur. In parallel

with increasing urea production,
Sluiskil will reduce UAN (Urea/
Ammonium Nitrate fer tiliser)
production by around 230,000
tons per annum, freeing up nitric
acid capacity enabling 130,000
tons per annum of additional
C AN (Calcium Ammonium
Nitrate) production.
In Europe and gradually also in
other regions of the world, agricultural soils are lacking sulphur,
which is an essential plant
nutrient. With this investment

we are able to serve a growing
demand, helping farmers improve
both yield and crop quality
while contributing to improved
nitrogen efficiency, says Torgeir
Kvidal, president and chief executive officer of Yara International
ASA.
The new plant will be based on
technology developed by Yara.
Construction will start in 2015,
with completion expected in
second half 2017.
"I wish to stress that my ministry is committed

to making the fisheries sector one of the
key pillars of economic growth in Kenya"
of the sector into other activities in the coastal zones so as to
increase understanding in conser ving and improving coastal
ecosystem services.
Elaborating the
Ecosystem Approach to
Aquaculture
NEWS
Biomin mycotoxin survey:

Focus on the main risks in aquafeed
levels above 1000ppb.

Deoxynivalenol, one of the most
common mycotoxins, is highly toxic
to rainbow trout: reduction of
feed efficiency and growth occurs
at levels of 1ppm. Salmon feed
contaminated with 3.6 parts per
million (ppm) caused a 20 percent
reduction in feed intake and an 18
percent increase in FCR.
Long-term exposure effects of
fumonisin B1 (FB1) reported in
carp showed that exposure to 0.5
and 5.0mg per kg body weight is
not lethal to young carp, but can
produce adverse physiological
effects with kidney and liver being
the key target organs for FB1
action.
found worldwideaflatoxins (Afla),

zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol
(DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisins
(FUM) and ochratoxin A (OTA)
species
have
not
yet
been
fully
eluwere analysed in all of the samples
quaculture feeds have
(see Table 1).
moved away from their cidated.
However, several studies have
In addition, a specific survey which
dependence on fishmeal
included 41 aquafeed samples (fish/
as the main protein source and reported the detrimental effects of
shrimp) from the Asian region was
now rely mainly on plant protein mycotoxins at low levels.
For example, Pangasius fed diets
included.
sources. How then will this affect
More than three-quarters of the
mycotoxin exposure in aquatic contaminated with 60 parts per
billion (ppb) aflatoxin suffer affects
aquafeed samples were co-conanimals?
taminated with two mycotoxins or
With fishmeal and fish oil on their growth and increased liver
more and 93 percent of samples
becoming increasingly expensive, damage. A different study, also with
contained at least one mycothe inclusion of terrestrial plant- Pangasius, showed that at levels of
toxin. The highest incidence was
based proteins in commercial aqua- 50ppb the fishes' resistance to chalobserved for DON at 68 percent,
culture feeds has gained widespread lenge by the bacterium Edwardsiela
followed by ZEN and Afla at 59
acceptance. Even feeds for carnivo- ictaluri is reduced. Another study
percent each.The average Afla conrous species are now formulated to on yellow catfish with AFB1 levels
centration was 49ppb, a level that
contain more than 50-70 percent above 250ppb showed increased
feed conversion rate (FCR) and Aquafeed samples
poses a health risk to aqua species.
of plant-derived matter.
One aquafeed sample contained
A common problem that arises reduced weight gain. In shrimp, contaminated
from the use of plant ingredients is levels as low as 20ppb have been
In the Biomin Mycotoxin FUM at 7534ppb.
Corn samples contained the
the presence of mycotoxins - toxic found to reduce weight gain.
Survey 2014, the main ingrediDiets contaminated with ents intended for the aquacul- highest average and maximum consecondary metabolites produced
by filamentous fungi which fre- 100ppb Zearalenone (ZEN) ture industry including corn, corn centrations of Afla, ZEN, DON
quently contaminate agricultural reduced weight and increased DDGS, soybean meal, wheat, wheat and FUM among all samples. As
FCR in white shrimp, while bran and rice bran were evaluated. expected, DON and FUM were the
commodities.
Mycotoxins are mainly produced survival was affected with ZEN The five most common mycotoxins most frequently found mycotoxins
in corn with a prevalence of
under warm and moist con72 percent each, followed by
ditions typical of the tropical
Table 1: Detailed results of mycotoxin occurrence by commodity
ZEN at 55 percent.
and subtropical countries
Afla
ZEN
DON
T-2
FUM
OTA
The highest Afla, DON
where most aquaculture
Aqua
Number of samples tested
37
37
37
41
37
and
FUM prevalence was
is practiced. Temperature
Feed
% of contaminated samples
59%
59%
68%
51%
57%
observed in corn DDGS.
resistant, mycotoxins are not
Average of positives (ppb)
49
71
162
637
2
The highest average level
destroyed by the heat and
Maximum (ppb)
221
306
413
7,534
5
and maximum concentrapressure of pelleting and
Corn
1010
1557
1834
766
970
879
tion of OTA was determined
extrusion.
22%
55%
72%
16%
72%
5%
in soybean meal samples at
24ppb and 141ppb respecCrop contamination
49
443
2,651
74
2,974
3
tively. DON is the most
over 25 percent
Maximum (ppb) 1,352
16,495 29,600
852
154,000
41
common mycotoxin found
The Council for
Corn
59
61
58
42
59
55
DDGS
in wheat samples with an
Agricultural Sciences and
41%
74%
83%
26%
78%
29%
incidence of 56 percent. The
Technology (CAST) in 2003
13
250
834
28
1,808
4
highest average T-2 level was
estimated that 25 percent
Maximum (ppb)
196
3,600
5,941
80
27,665
22
detected in wheat samples
of the world's crop producSoybean
79
79
80
59
79
79
at 100ppb. The highest incition was contaminated with
Meal
13%
24%
16%
3%
15%
20%
dence of DON among all
mycotoxins.
3
17
278
12
117
24
samples was determined
Over the past 10 years
in wheat bran samples. The
of the Biomin Mycotoxin
Maximum (ppb)
10
101
1,166
13
746
141
highest prevalence of Afla
Survey, the evaluation of
Wheat
160
339
523
147
148
166
(40 percent) was deteralmost 33,000 samples from
8%
32%
56%
12%
14%
9%
mined in rice bran.
around the world revealed
11
75
882
100
350
3
Mycotoxin analyses in
that more than three
Maximum (ppb)
87
2,115
28,864 1,300
2,935
10
this survey clearly indicate
quarters of these samples
Wheat
67
69
69
17
60
62
that constant monitoring
were contaminated with at
Bran
3%
28%
93%
18%
17%
26%
of mycotoxins is important.
least one mycotoxin and 43
2
124
760
5
605
3
An effective mycotoxin risk
percent of all samples were
Maximum (ppb)
3
1,491
3,806
10
4,333
18
management program is
co-contaminated with two
Rice
25
25
25
17
25
24
essential in order to protect
or more toxins.
Bran
animals from the negative
While in terrestrial animals
40%
56%
8%
0%
72%
21%
impacts of mycotoxins on
the toxic effects of mycoAverage of positives (ppb)
5
43
24
85
4
their health and perfortoxins have been widely
Maximum (ppb)
11
200
25
282
18
mance.
studied, the effects in aquatic
NEWS
New laboratory and fish research

facilities opens in Vietnam
outh East Asia and Vietnam in particular has received a boost to its aquaculture development with the opening
of a refurbished and revitalized fish-research
facility at Nong Lam University, in the Thu
Duc District of Saigon. Called the Biomin
Aquaculture Centre for Applied Nutrition
(ACAN) the centre will share the laboratories on site with two other companies.
The Erber Group, which is the holding
company for Biomin, Sanphar and Romer
Labs, has acquired and refurbished the facilities
that were previously operated in partnership
with the university by Novus until 2014.
Joining three companies interests together
has meant the facility will play a vital role in
not only aquaculture in Vietnam, but for aquaculture research throughout the whole region
as well as for land-based livestock production.
The aquatic facilities, which will carry out
more than 14 trials, specific to the Asia
region, over the next 12 months, has four
fully equipped laboratories as well as a major
recirculation system with an extensive water
quality control capability.
Biomins ACAN centre was opened on June
29, 2015 following a half-day seminar in the
city followed by a traditional fanfare and celebration at the centre itself.
Located on the campus of Nong Lam

University, in the Thu Duc District on the outskirts of the city, the centre offers full laboratory services plus up to five independent
reticulation tank systems for trail work on
a variety of fish and shrimp
species.
The laboratories at the centre
are equipped to carr yout
DNA and RNA extraction
along with full PCR evaluations
in addition to normal feed and
food testing. The centre even
has an extruder for preparing
short-run rations
The centre is to be jointly
oper ated by Biomin and
Sanphar as its Animal Health
Research Centre and Romer
Labs; all companies within the
Erber Group.
Working closely with Nong
Lam University, the three companies have shown their clear
intention to support Vietnams
agriculture and aquaculture
development.
Opening day seminar
On the day of the opening,
each of the participating companies hosted

a half-day seminar at Hotel Caravelle in
downtown Saigon to explain the role the new
laboratory and test centre will play for both
Vietnam and the region.
NEWS
Six speakers in the Biomin session, presented a range of the trial work now being
conducted with a highlight being phytogenics;
the screening of natural spices and herbs for
their biologically active compounds, especially
their antioxidant, antiviral and antimicrobial

effects.
Oregano and Rosemary perform highest in
all three categories out of 10 spices and herbs
currently under evaluation. However, besides
Oregano oil, for its strong antimicrobial effect
and antioxidative efficacy, Anis oil is being used
for its appetising and antifungal effect, Citrus
oil which enhances palatability and antimicrobial activity, all to be combined within a matrixencapsulation which outperforms other fax/
wax-coated prebiotics, Dr Pedro Encarnacao of
Biomin in Singapore told attendees.
Phytogenics can also play a significant role
in stabilising extruded feeds. For example,
matrix encapsulation of active ingredients
maintains a 94 percent residual concentration
compared to 82 percent from non-encapsulation extruded feeds.
Other topics presented included: multimycotoxin analsyis; the benefits of using
AquaStar for its ability to reshape the microbiota in the grow out stage for Nile tilapia;
mycotoxins in aquaculture and bioremediation, the reduction of organic waste from
feces, feed and dead algae in ponds and the
elimination of toxic substances/gases and bad
odour delivered by Goncalo Santos Biomins
research and development manager for aquaculture based in Europe.
Two final presentations were on Nong Lam

University and its work in aquaculture and
a review of Romer Labs activities by Yong
Wee Liau managing director of Romer Labs
Singapore.
Partner companies
Nong Lam University not only collaborates

with Biomin, but also collaborates with other
private corporations including Alltech, Virbac,
Schering Plough, Schweizer Biotech, Nutriway,
Novus and Aquativ.
However, the Erber Group has a strong,
shared collaboration which augers well for
the future. Besides Biomin, Founded in 1992,
Sanphar Animal Health was acquired by the
Erber Group in July 2007. The development
of innovative solutions allows Sanphar to offer
the veterinary market products and services
that meet individual needs for better results
in animal husbandry and animal welfare.
Romer Labs was founded in 1982 in the
USA and acquired by Erber AG of Austria
in 1999 and then established three business
units in the USA, Austria and Singapore in
2002 before opening a sales office in Brazil in
2007, a Chinese sales office in 2009 and a UK
office in 2010. It offers all the test and analytical equipment for food allergens, mycotoxins
and food pathogens.
FEATURE
Aquaculture takes centre stage at

MONACO BLUE INITIATIVE 2015 6TH EDITION
We must understand that aquaculture is already bigger than
any other land based farming, so it is important to work with it
through a shared stewardship, rather than campaign against it
he last edition of the Monaco Blue

Initiative (MBI) in Chile in 2014 questioned the status and feedback from
aquaculture in America, towards a
sustainable approach to its development.
The 2015 edition held in Monaco at
the Monaco Royal Yacht Club, on June
25-26 2015, pursued these discussions with
experts and decision-makers worldwide on
the theme: Feeding and fueling the world
through sustainable aquaculture.
Whilst it is acknowledged that seafood is
now a source of food and income for one
quarter of the worlds population there is
always pressure on the industry from the
conservation NGOs.
Today, fisheries catch remains stable but
the production of aquaculture continues to
rise.
World production of seafood from aquaculture has more than doubled in 12 years,
from 32 million to 67 million tonnes in
2012. With no stopping the global population
increases there is continuous pressure being
applied to ensure sustainable food production.
The MBI program covered the subjects of:
Aquaculture to feed the world?; New fron-
tiers for aquaculture; The struggle between

quantity and quality the path to sustainable
aquaculture and MPAs and Blue Carbon Towards Ocean & Climate.
The program was aiming to get the delegates to consider the implications of the
ocean becoming an area for large-scale cultivation in terms of environmental protection,
regulation and collaboration.
Indeed, these new challenges once again
highlight the importance of involving scientists,
industrialists, NGOs, etc, to the establishment
of a sustainable production system and make
the best rather than the most of these new
resources.
The day started with H.E.M. Bernard
Fautrier, Plenipotentiary Minister and
CEO of the Prince Albert II of Monaco
Foundation and Robert Calcagno, CEO of
the Oceanographic Institute, Prince Albert I of
Monaco Foundation, introducing the program.
Moderated by Franois Simard (Polar and
Marine Program, International Union for the
Conservation of Nature) the first session
included panelists Roy Palmer (Association
of International Seafood Professionals); Doris
Soto (FAO - FIRA); Fabio Massa (GFCM)
the discussion focused on the fact that aquaculture is happening, is the fastest growing
primary industry and that the demand for
fish products has increased vastly in the last
few years.
Noting that more than one billion people
in developing countries depend on fish to
survive and 16.5 percent of global protein
consumption is from fish with that likely to
improve in the future.
In order to get an understanding about
the difference between the East and the
West in respect of aquaculture Mr Palmer
quoted Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002),
founder of the International Oceans Institute.
This highlights, he said, the importance of the
industry to the Asian countries and the failure
of the West to come to grips with production.
"That aquaculture has a philosophical base
in the East and a scientific base in the West
has far-reaching implications.
"In the East, it is culture, it is life: culture to
improve life by providing food and employment. It is embedded in the social and economic infrastructure. All that science can and
must do is to make this culture more effective.
"In the West, aquaculture is science and
technology, embodied in industry and providing profits: money. It has no social infrastructure. In this, the West has much to learn from
the East." - Elizabeth Mann Borgese (19182002), Seafarm, The Story of Aquaculture,
1980
FEATURE
The juxtaposition of the yacht harbour in Monaco, with its multi-million

dollar vessels, and a wide-ranging debate on how the oceans and
aquaculture might contribute to feeding a growing world population, was
not lost on the 120 delegates attending the 6th the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI)
in Monaco in late June. However, the reality is that the wealthy must do more to
assist those who are food deprived and the MBI, with a keen eye on sustainability
and conservation and under the guidance of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco and his
foundation, is taking up that challenge and recognising aquacultures vital role
Insufficient thought to governance
The importance of food security and nutrition was seemingly lost in North America,
EU and Australia with consistent demand on
developing countries to supply the majority of
seafood for those countries.
In fact many countries have not given
sufficient thought to governance and really
understood the difference between wild fishing and aquaculture. This is a failure which
clearly is holding many countries back from
getting involved in aquaculture.
Getting an understanding that the majority
of aquaculture was not about feeding fish-tofish, was an important issue and was emphasised by Mr Palmer highlighting that world
production of Tilapia was now 4,500,000
tonnes per annum which was the equivalent
of 143kg every second of every day.
He pointed out that Tilapia is one of the
oldest species aquacultured yet, as mature as
it is, as a freshwater white flesh species it is still
very much in its infancy on its genetic potential
in comparison to Salmon and all terrestrial
proteins.
The question will be how much the industry will move forward once such knowledge
has been obtained bearing in mind the volumes that are already being harvested. Surely,
this will be chicken of the 2050s, if not earlier,
he asked
Key element in food

security and nutrition
Fish and plants grown in water are a key

element in food security and nutrition and
need to be linked more to their contribution
to reducing hunger and malnutrition and to

supporting livelihoods.
The bio-availability of fish protein is
approximately five-to-15 percent higher than
that from land plant sources. Fish contain several amino acids essential for human health,
especially lysine and methionine. The lipid
composition of fish is unique, having longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids with many
actual and potential benefits for adult health
and child development.
Adding to this aquaculture for the poor is
such a compelling story that must not be confused with the important but actually smaller
activity of farming fish like Salmon.
Size is not everything
It was stated that small fish are more

important in poorer countries for their nutrients/micro-nutrients. Size is not everything
when it comes to fish.
In fact small fish consumed whole with
bones are massive for vitamins D, A + B,
minerals (calcium, phosphorous, iodine, zinc,
iron and selenium.
There was an interchange with the audience with the panelists about feed and
feeding fish-to-fish and it was highlighted that
carnivorous fish are not carnivorous in captivity but also in the wild where such fish have
a 10:1 feed ratio where as in aquaculture this
was vastly improved.
Additionally, it was mentioned that fish,
carnivorous or otherwise, in the world have
limited chance of survival which is greatly
enhanced through aquaculture techniques.
Plastic a major challenge

for oceans
A suggestion was that there could be even
greater attention paid to stopping pollution

from land entering the oceans and plastic
was highlighted. Noting that some 3.5 million pieces of new plastic enter the worlds
oceans daily and that six million tonnes of
rubbish every year is dumped into the worlds
oceans of which 80 percent is plastic, with an
estimated 46,000 pieces of plastic per square
mile of ocean, we should all make a conscious
effort to change our ways!
Put effort into creating more renewable
bio-degradable packaging (especially use of
algae) and promoting their use instead of
the toxic, non-biodegradable plastics that are
currently in use.
Aquaculture needs good, clean quality
water it is land that pollutes the oceans not
the other way around!
The future is a shared stewardship but
all of us must understand that aquaculture is
already bigger than any other land based farming so it is important to work with it, rather
than campaign against it.
It was mentioned that escapes are often
used as a deterrent about aquaculture but it
seems to be forgotten by those that use that
issue against aquaculture that one of the great
things about aquaculture is the opportunity
for stock enhancement for various species
around the world.
Enhancing stocks for the wild using the
example of 40 percent of Alaskan wild
salmon actually coming from the aquaculture hatcheries and Rainbow Trout being
grown by various government hatcheries in
Australia and then released specifically for
recreational fishermen many of whom are
paying a licence fee for the privilege to fish
the escaped fish.
In fact the breeding of endangered species
and ensuring the future of all species is one
of the major advantages of aquaculture. This
FEATURE
along with genetic improvements - as with all animals - by taking the
best and improving product quality and fish performance is actually
where the future of the worlds food is more likely to come from.
Reducing poverty, improving health and increasing sustainability
at the community as well as at a national level needs attention from
capacity building. A need to build capacity from within, a systems
approach based on worlds best practice.
Progress may well be assisted by new technologies but it is really
an innovation in a systems approach which engages the farmer directly
which will have the most effect.
The need to promote healthy diets from sustainable food systems
is essential.
Ending poverty and hunger is not possible unless we place agri-food
systems near the top of the priority list where research is the backbone
but development and transparency the keys to success.
Microalgae to energy
The second panel moderated by Pierre Erwes, B.I.C.A with

panellists: Roger Gilbert publisher of International Aquafeed at
Perendale Publishers; Marc Metian at IAEA; Raphaela Le Gouvello
of SterMor; Roberto Cesari from the European Commission and
Ricardo Haroun from the Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran
Canaria aimed to discuss issues from microalgae to energy production to medicinal derivatives, and new and exciting uses of aquaculture which are coming to light in the modern age of scientific
discovery and technology.
In respect of key developments for feed Mr Gilbert stated that
much time, effort and research was going into limiting the amount of
fishmeal and fish oil needed for feed production and concepts utilising
insects, worms, algae, hemp, soybeans, and other protein sources we
well advanced.
Identifying food insecurity and where to focus our food production
focus, including fish farming, in Africa and Asia was an important element. Theres a relationship - a benchmark if you will - between the
production of scientifically-formulated compound feed and the food
security (or insecurity) of a country, he told his audience. That figure
was 133.5kg of compound feed per head of population which fed all
livestock including aquaculture.
Many countries had not yet sorted out their governance arrangements for offshore farming, but in countries like Panama companies like
Open Blue Cobia were farming.
Their farm is located in the Costa Arriba region of Panama with the
site located over the horizon in Panamas Atlantic Ocean, more than
seven miles offshore in the deep, blue waters of the Caribbean Sea.
Who would have thought we would be growing a species like Cobia
and doing that far offshore?
There is much we can expect from aquaculture in future - in terms
of food, products and energy.
The enormous opportunity of marine ingredients is slowly awakening yet it already stated the global market for the Blue Economy is over
US$176 billion this includes biotechnology, bio-plastic, bio-energy,
marine cosmetics and nutraceuticals.
We are only scratching the surface of what can be achieved with
renewable and sustainable products from the oceans/waters of the
world.
Wind farms in the ocean, which are no go zones and pushing fishing away from those areas, could be used for grow-outs and therefore
not wasting the space, water or heat.
Aquaculture can work arm-in-arm with energy. Anything in the
water can work with aquaculture - not wasting space or energy.
Increase in demand for aquaculture
The third panel was moderated by Oystein Lie of MarLife and the
panel consisted: John White of the Aquaculture Stewardship Council;
Giuseppe Di Carlo, WWF Mediterranean; Olivier Fourcadet, ESSEC
Created upon the initiative of HSH Prince Albert II

of Monaco, the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) is a
platform for thought and unites International actors
(scientific, economic, political and associative)
sharing a common commitment for the sustainable
management and the preservation of the oceans.
It is co-organized by the Oceanographic Institute,
Foundation Albert I, Prince of Monaco and the
Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation.
Business School and Tiago Pitta e Cunha a senior advisor for Marine
and Maritime Policy to the President of Portugal.
The discussions were focused about the increase in demand for
aquaculture and the issue of not sacrificing quality for quantity.
WWF and ASC dominated discussions about standards highlighting
that farmers needed to meet the standards and pay the costs in order
to engage in global business, but failed to discuss issues relating to the
subsistence farmers that relate to many poor countries and how trade
barriers may be created with standards.
Mr White said that ASC had a vision regarding systems and processes needing to be in place to aspire all farmers to become certified.
Mr Fourcadet expressed a view that consumer associations needed
to be closer engaged, however, there was some discussion away from
the panel that few consumers are actually members of such associations.
It was discussed that in the EU young people were interested in
what they eat but that they had limited time to make choices in their
busy lives and there has been poor education on seafood, both fisheries and aquaculture.
The panel expressed a view that people were prepared to pay
more for quality and environmental sustainability.
Conservation and protected areas
The last session was moderated by Sebastien Troeng of

Conservation International and consisted a panel of: Dan Laffoley,
World Commission on Protected Areas & International Union for the
Conservation of Nature; Christophe LeFebvre from the French Marine
Protected Areas Agency and Alasdair Harris of Blue Venture).
This session started with a speech from Tony Burke, Member
of Parliament in Australia. Mr Burke was the former Minister for
Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities and
during his time he had created the largest MPA in the world only to see
it thrown out when his political party lost the last election.
Clearly many in the audience were disappointed with the news of
the demise of the MPA activity but likely few of them are Australian
tax payers or fishers/aquaculture farmers so would not be aware of the
costs such activities have cost the Australian public.
Mr Burke said that the good news was that the ocean is the greatest
sink, but, alas, the bad news was also that the ocean was the greatest
sink!
FEATURE
standing of the link between ocean

and climate.
There were concerns with the onset
of the COP21 in Paris at the end of
2015, on how to prepare for a better
tomorrow in harmony with the oceans
and the path to follow for governments
and private sectors in an efficient management of this Blue Capital.
Sadly, Mr Troeng highlighted
incorrect information on the carbon
footprint of shrimp farms relating to
impacts on mangrove areas (the correct information can be found at http://
www.eurofishmagazine.com/news/329usa-gaa-counters-scientists-calculationof-shrimp-farmings-carbon-footprint).
Mr Laffoley stressed his concerns
about COP21 and the need for urgent
actions but with such meetings being
very well orchestrate months out to
Moderater Franois Simard of the Polar and Marine Program, International Union for the Conservation of
meet various government protocols it
Nature manages the first of four panels which included panellists: Roy Palmer, Association of International
Seafood Professionals; Doris Soto, FAO - FIRA; Fabio Massa, GFCM) discussing aquaculture as the fastest
would seem that major changes are
growing primary industry
unlikely.
Mr Harris showed an inspirational
video
of
the
work
that
his
organisation
has been involved in Madagascar
In words that only a politician could utter, he said he was deterwhich
highlighted
the
importance
of
mangrove
areas and the need to
mined
to
get
the
MPA
model
back
in
Australia
and
that
science
must
ulture | 2015 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: Ad-1 Conal True | Design: A | Version: 1
enhance them.
never be the whole story in environmental decisions.
ternational Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm
Following another video connection Geraldo Alckmin, Governor of
Sao
Paulo, it was confirmed that following negotiations MBI 2016 would
Blue carbon
be
held
in July 2016 in the Brazilian city of Sao Paolo.
The panel discussed Blue Carbon as an interesting answer to some
The event was finalised with an address by HSH Prince Albert II of
of the questions of using marine resources towards climate, testing
the true resilience of marine ecosystems, and improving our under- Monaco.
Algae When You Need It
www.reed-mariculture.com
C A L I F O R N I A , U S A
INSTANT ALGAE HELPS SAVE TOTOABA FROM NEAR EXTINCTION
Thanks to Reed Mariculture, the Totoaba is back on

track! Reeds algae feeds allowed us to focus more on
larval rearing protocol development of the Totoaba,
and less on algae culture. Reed helped in every step,
providing custom adjustments to enrichments and
sharing live feed culture protocols.
Dr. Conal True, head of the Fish Culture Biotech Unit
at Autonomous University of Baja California
Dr. True made it his lifes work to bring the totoaba an endangered,
treasured fish from the Sea of Cortez back from near extinction.
Order Instant Algae products to ensure repeatable production results.

Reed Mariculture
ENSURING HATCHERY SUCCESS
TOLL - FREE :
1- 877-732-3276
V OICE : +1-408-377-1065
FAX : +1-408-884-2322
2015 REED MARICULTURE, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. INSTANT ALGAE AND ENSURING HATCHERY SUCESS ARE TRADEMARKS OF REED MARICULTURE INC.
DANI
FEATURE
India
Aqua feeds
and feeding
trends
by Dr B. Laxmappa,
Fisheries
Development
Officer, Department
of Fisheries, India
n aquaculture production India is the

second largest country in the world
after China. The terrestrial and aquatic
animal farming sectors are rapidly
expanding and intensifying in the country.
Aquaculture, which counts for almost two
thirds of fish production in India, has shown
significant growth in the last two decades
and has transformed itself into an industry
contributing substantially to food production.
A wide range of freshwater, brackish water
and marine aquatic organisms are produced
in India. The major groups are freshwater
fish (carp, catfish, snakeheads, tilapia) and
prawns (Macrobrachium sp.), penaeid shrimps
(Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus vannamei)
crabs (Scylla sp.) and brackish water fishes
(seabass, milkfish). Freshwater aquaculture
production in India is about 4.2 million tonnes.
Most of this production is carp, which account
for about 90 percent of total freshwater production in India.
Aqua feeds
In India extensive fish culture is done in

large freshwater bodies on natural food available without the application of external inputs.
In semi-intensive and intensive fish production
systems, supplementary feeding is provided
in addition to the application of fertilisers to
improve natural productivity. Less expensive

feed ingredients such as rice bran, wheat bran,
corn fibre, corn meal, corn grains, broken rice,
groundnut cake, cotton seed cake etc., are
extensively used for feeding carp in freshwater
aquaculture. Fishmeal and defatted oilseed
cakes (soybean, mustard, and sesame) are also
used when higher protein feeds are needed.
Trash fish, poultry offal and other animal byproducts are used for carnivorous fish cultures
in the country.
In Indian aquaculture, use of industrially
manufactured feeds started in the early 1990s
when feeds were imported from Taiwan
Province of China, Southeast Asia and the
United States of America for shrimp production. Currently, India has more than sufficient
capacity to produce adequate volumes of
feed for freshwater prawn and marine shrimp
farming. There is an adequate domestic feed
ingredient resource base for most of the
animal feed requirements of the aquaculture
and animal production sectors (Table 1).
Fortunately, India is one of the biggest exporters of soybean meal in the world and enjoys a
competitive position as far as most aqua feed
ingredients are concerned.
Feeding trends
In India, large fish culture ponds are fertilised with poultry or cattle manure throughout
the production cycle. Fertilisation is well
managed and farmers routinely sample pond

water to observe plankton production and
add fertilisers when necessary. The fish are
fed with de-oiled rice bran (90 percent) and
groundnut or cotton oilseed cake (10 percent). The feedstuffs are blended with mineral
mixtures and packed in plastic bags containing
holes. These feedbags are suspended from
ropes/poles in the culture ponds. Some farmers broadcast de-oiled rice bran (DORB) only
in their culture ponds daily in the morning
and evening.
In Indian aquaculture de-oiled rice bran
is the major ingredient of all fish feeds and
is used either singly or in combination with
other ingredients. In Andhra Pradesh, one or
more of the following seven ingredients are
mixed with rice bran to feed carp: rice polish,
broken rice, groundnut cake, cottonseed cake,
sunflower cake, meat meal and soybean meal.
A recent survey showed that the majority of
farmers use a blend of rice bran, groundnut
oilseed cake and cotton oilseed cake.
Catfish culture has recently expanded in
the country. While India has a number of
endemic catfish species including Clarias batrachus, Ompok pabda, Heteropneustes fossilis,
Pangasius pangasius etc., the faster growing
African catfish Clarias gariepinus and sutchi
catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus, imported
from Southeast Asia, have become the most
widely farmed species in recent years. Pacu
FEATURE
fish is also cultured in some
pockets of India, particularly
Andhra Pradesh and West
Bengal. But farmers typically
use high stocking densities
and mixed feeds composed
of rice bran, oilseed cake
residues, cooked maize grains,
kitchen waste, poultry processing waste and others. Mud
crabs are fed on a variety
of diets including low-value/
trash fish, slaughter wastes, fish
wastes, mussels, snails, shrimp
heads, small bivalves etc.
Today, owing to non-availability of commercial feeds and
for economic reasons, more
than 90 percent of farmers use
farm-made feeds of cake-bran
mixture or improved versions
of the feed mixture in carp
culture. Farm-made feeds are
prepared based on ingredient
availability and feeding experience. In Andhra Pradesh, farmers use defatted rice bran and
groundnut oil cake in a 7:3 ratio, with feed
additives mineral and vitamin mixtures. Interlinking of artificial feeding with natural fish
food organisms has been found beneficial as
it influences dietary efficiency and economic
utilisation of the former. There has been a
rapid shift from traditional feeding to pellet

feeding of nutritionally complete diets.
In India, farmers frequently topcoat feeds
with vitamins, minerals, squid oil, soya lecithin,
Spirulina, probiotic bacteria and yeast, immuno-stimulants and feed attractants. Some farm-
ers topcoat every feed they use. However,

the majority only topcoat their feeds for use
during specific production phases when they
consider growth rates to be declining or when
environmental conditions are unfavorable.
Today Indian farmers are using various types
BRINGING TOGETHER INNOVATIVE TOOLS FOR CUSTOMIZED AQUAFEED PROCESS SOLUTIONS.

Great things are done by a series of small things brought together.
Vincent Van Gogh
Wenger develops and assembles unique components

that allow our clients to meet specific industry and
application demands. Whether dictated by raw
material availability, species requirements, growth
stages or feeding habits, Wenger will tailor a system
to meet your specific needs.
If maximum volume is crucial, the Wenger TX-3000

High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder produces the
full range of products at capacities up to 12,000
kg/hour. Complement the TX-3000 with the High
Intensity Preconditioner (HIP) and use higher levels
of fish oil or slurries.
The Wenger C2TX Shrimp Feed Extruder with

unique die technology and high shear conditioning
is the superior choice for uniform, high density
aquatic feeds down to 0.8 mm in size.
Were ready to help you select the right tools.

Contact us now for industry-changing
designs backed by the leading name
in extrusion.
Turning ideas into opportunities.

PROGRESSIVE AQUAFEED PROCESSING
Imagine the possibilities

wenger.com
BELGIUM
Wenger15.InnovativeTools.Ad.210x147.indd 1
TAIWAN
BRASIL
CHINA
INDIA
6/24/15 5:51 PM
FEATURE
Table 1: Major conventional and non-conventional feed ingredients producing states in India
Ingredients
Rice bran
State producing major quantity

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Asom, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka Kerala, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Groundnut cake
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya

Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha.
Sunflower cake
Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana,

Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.
Mustard cake
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,

West Bengal, North East Region.
Cotton seed cake

Soybean meal
Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana.

Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan.
Fish meal
Maritime states
Shrimp waste
Maritime states
Silkworm pupae
Poultry offal
Karnataka, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, Tamil Nadu,
Asom, Madhya Pradesh, North East Region.
All states
Table 2: Type of supplementary feeds used for commercially important aquaculture species in India.
Category
Species
Major Carps
Catfishes
Catla catla
Improved farm made feed
Labeo rohita
Cirrhinus mrigala
Clarias batrachus
Formulated feed
Clarias gariepinus
Poultry offal
Pangasius hypopthalmus
Snakeheads
Feed type
Poultry offal, Cooked maize grains, Pellet feed.
Channa striatus
Chopped chicken intestines, trash fish
Channa marulius
Channa punctatus
Salmo trutta fario
Formulated feed
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Formulated feed
Schizothorax sp.
Formulated feed
Tor putitora
Formulated feed
Trouts
Mahseers
Tor tor
Formulated feed
Tor mussullah
Formulated feed
Tor khudree
Formulated feed
Tilapia
Oreochromius niloticus
Prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Formulated feed, Pellet feed
Macrobrachium malcolmsonii
Formulated feed, Pellet feed
Shrimp
Penaeus monodon
Pellet feed
Litopenaeus vannamei
Pellet feed
Crab
Others
Pellet feed
Scylla serrata
Minced trash fish
Scylla tranquebarica
Minced trash fish
Piaractus brachypomus
Formulated feed, Minced trash fish
Chanos chanos
Formulated feed
of feed ingredients in different compositions

to feed species to get better yields in their
farming systems (Table 2).
Aquafeed industry
Poultry offal
Lates calcarifer
Until recently, India was an insignificant

player in the global fish feed sector due to
its reliance on traditional feeding based on a
few nutritionally poor agricultural by-products
and the use of animal manure for plankton
production. American Soybean AssociationInternational Marketing (ASA-IM) decided in
2003 to create a niche for better aquaculture

feeds, linking the development to an array
of better aquaculture practices to grow fish.
Initial work focused on commercial feeding demonstrations that showed economic
returns to the industry.
India has a well-established capacity to
produce feeds for shrimp and prawn culture.
Until 1990 the sector relied solely on farmmade feeds. With the advent of large-scale
semi-intensive shrimp culture in the early
1990s, vast quantities of shrimp feeds were
imported from Taiwan Province of China

and Thailand. However, imports have gradually been replaced by domestically-produced
feeds. Currently, the domestic shrimp feed
manufacturing capacity exceeds demand. India
has about 28 feed mills dedicated to the production of freshwater prawn and shrimp feeds.
Out of these, 10 mills are subsidiaries to international aquafeed companies. Collectively,
these companies account for 90 percent of
shrimp and prawn feed sales in India.
Stakeholders and potential entrepreneurs
have also been also exposed to feed-based
technologies in practice elsewhere in Asia.
As a result of these efforts and excellent
participation by private companies and entrepreneurs in the fish-farming sector, India has
emerged as a significant producer of soybased extruded floating feeds, as well as sinking pellets for fish. The industry has invested
in imported extrusion machinery to produce
floating fish feeds.
Conclusion
In India semi-intensive and intensive freshwater fish production systems are predominantly based on farm-made feeds. An
estimated 6.83 million tonnes of feed ingredients are used for producing farm-made
feeds, while only 10,000 tonnes of industrially
manufactured feeds are used in freshwater
aquaculture. Preliminary data suggests that
the use of manufactured feeds could bring
about significant savings in carp production.
Food conversion ratios (FCR) could be
reduced from three to 1:1 when manufactured feeds replace farm-made feeds.
There are additional benefits associated with
manufactured feeds in the form of cleaner
ponds and less labour for feed preparation
and feeding.
The principal constraint to the use of
manufactured feeds in fish production is the
perception that such feeds are not costeffective. Once feed manufacturers and farmers realise that it is possible to profitably
produce and use feeds in fish farming, the use
of manufactured feeds will increase. It is likely
that the current use of manufactured feeds
in freshwater fish farming will increase from
10,000 tonnes to at least 0.25 million tonnes
within the next couple of years.
Both farm-made and compound feeds are
used extensively and the proportion varies by
species. In shrimp feed the main ingredients
are fish and soybean meal, wheat, rice and fish
oil. In fish feed the main ingredients are oilseed meal, maize, bran, blood and bone meal.
It is estimated that annual consumption of
concentrated feed by the aquaculture sector
is approximately 8.3 million tonnes, ranking
third in the consumers of concentrated feeds
in India, behind dairy and poultry.
References available on request
FEATURE
RAISING LIFE
NothiNg is more precious thaN life, aNd thats the philosophy that drives phileo.
As global population continues to increase, the world faces a growing demand for food and greater sustainability challenges.
Working at the crossroads of nutrition and health, we are committed to delivering future evidence-based solutions that
enhance fish and shrimp health and performance.
In each and every country, our teams progress is led by the most advanced scientific outcomes as well as the field input of
experienced farmers.
phileo-lesaffre.com
FEATURE
ADVANCED
LESSONS IN
ECONOMICS
by the International Aquafeed Staff Writer
he third international seminar on

Advanced Lessons in Economics
from the Fisheries and Aquaculture
(ALFAE) was held in Santiago de
Compestela, Galicia, Spain from 6-10 July
2015. The event, held every two years,
attracted the participation of 36 speakers
from 22 countries across five continents and
was attended by more than fifty students,
who staged debates about the state of the
economy in these sectors and the latest
in technological innovation, marketing and
governance. FAO Food and Agriculture
Organisation, awarded eight grants to
students from China, Turkey, Brazil, India,
Tanzania (2), Morocco and South Africa.
The seminar, which was aimed especially

at participants with a university education or
equivalent professional experience, researchers, managers, industry players, consultants,
advisers and other specialists involved in the
socio-economics of fisheries and aquaculture,
finally brought together over a hundred
participants.
During this course, which took place at
the headquarters of the Galician School of
Public Administration, experts revealed that
both the fisheries and the aquaculture are not
without problems and challenges and agreed
on the need that industry and government
work together to overcome weaknesses and
threats and take advantage of opportunities
and strengths, including those related to
the interactions between the two sectors.
FEATURE
growth in fish production can only come
from aquaculture. The important choices for
society are between increasing aquaculture
or increasing meat production. The challenge
for society is to maximise the significant
potential benefits from both wild fisheries and
aquaculture.
From University of Stavanger, Professor

Frank Asche, presented on Factors affecting efficiency in aquaculture business and
commenced by emphasising that the worlds
Mycofix
X I N RI
SK
TO
MYCOFI
EN
T
are harvested and promoted as Wild Alaska

Seafood.
Knapp said Fisheries have some competitive advantages over aquaculture in that
nature produces wild fish for free often in
large volumes and that the fish are natural
products. However, across the entire value
chain, fisheries have many inherent competitive disadvantages relative to aquaculture.
These were higher costs of harvesting; seasonality of production; variation and unpredictability of production; variation in fish size and
quality; remote locations; production constraints; inability to increase production and
the inability to improve or modify fish through
selective breeding. It is these constraints that
led to the replacement of most wild plant and
animal gathering and hunting by agriculture.
Inconsistent and unpredictable production
clearly makes it much more difficult for wild
salmon producers than for farmed salmon
producers to meet buyers supply needs
and to plan for marketing. Knapp specifically
focused attention on Bristol Bay, the largest
salmon run in Alaska and the world, and
highlighted the economic issues in having to
produce your entire years catch in a period
of one month or less.
In concluding Professor Knapp said, the
important choices for society are not between
aquaculture and wild fisheries. Significant
MYCO
The course was directed by Professor Jose

Manuel Fernandez Polanco and Professor
Trond Bjorndal. It was apt to be held in Galicia
which is the Spanish leader in many aspects of
the seafood industry employing some 34,000
people.
Each day brought in new topics and speakers and covered a vast range of subjects with
views from academia, industry and government.
The event was kicked off by Dr Jaqueline
Alder, FAO, highlighting the latest information
on the worlds 392 wild fisheries stocks and
the domination of the China/Asian countries
relating to aquaculture. An excellent debate
was had regarding the needs for certification
as consumers become more aware of sustainable food offers.
Much was learned about the importance
of the shellfish industry to Galicia and that will
feature in a report in a later edition.
Professor Gunnar Knapps views on
the Interactions between Fisheries and
Aquaculture highlighted the tensions in Alaska
between wild and farmed. He stressed
that the diversity makes it very difficult to
generalise about fisheries or aquaculture - or
how they interact and focused his comments
on Alaska. He stated, 40 percent of Alaskas
salmon are released from hatcheries - and
start their lives just liked farmed salmon yet
NAG EM
Proven protection.
Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere
with the health status of your animals.
Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management.
mycofix.biomin.net
Naturally ahead
FEATURE
waterways and oceans are a great under
utilised resource.
Professor Asche said, Increasingly, landbased technologies are being adopted to
use this resource and Aquaculture is the
food production arm of the ocean with
Aquaculture being all about farming while
fisheries are the worlds last large hunting
industry. Aquaculture is an old technology, but
a revolution took place in the 1970s as people
began to use knowledge from agro-sciences
to domesticate, breed and feed fish.
Asche underlined that conditions favouring
increased aquaculture production with population growth and economic growth leading to
increased aggregate demand for food. With
stagnating global catches of fish reducing the
competitiveness of wild fish and globalisation
reducing the cost of shipping products and
increasing trade. Added to this, the growth
of retail chains favouring supply chains with
sufficient control to enable efficient logistics
created the opening for aquaculture. To
exploit these conditions, businesses must be
competitive and competitive producers are
efficient.
He added, Aquaculture is the result of
systematic Research and Development and
innovation in water-based food production
systems. Expansion of aquaculture production is profitable because of lower production cost due to a number of innovations
and better technology increases productivity
as one can produce more with the same
input factors or increase the efficiency of
those inputs.
On productivity growth, specifically
Salmon, Professor Asche said, The development of input factors has been tremendous,
with better feed, automatic feeding systems,
etc and there is a substantial catching up
potential for most species. Twenty years ago
feed made up 25 percent of salmon farmers
cost, and smolt about 20 percent whereas
currently feed is 55 percent and smolt is down
to 15 percent due to increased growth rates,
earlier smolt release. On the other hand for
efficient chicken farmers, feed is more than
80 percent of the production cost. Efficient
species are basically converters of cheap low

quality inputs to more desirable outputs.
Professor Asche concluded his talk highlighting that Aquaculture production will
continue to increase because it has only just
started to adopt technology from agriculture,
and there is a tremendous scope for further
productivity growth. As for all biological production processes, this creates environmental
challenges, which can be solved. Clearly North
America and EU lag behind Asia and aquaculture production is thus unevenly distributed
around the word. Much of this has to do with
what species are produced with what production technologies and inefficient producers will
not survive.
He added that Europe and the USA is
not succeeding in aquaculture is interesting
because with one exception they have the
best starting point. The exception is regulations that prevents efficient production.
Asches one question was related to the
fishmeal trap hypothesis (Wijkstrm, Naylor et
al) which suggests that growth in aquaculture
production increases demand for forage fish
to produce feed and this makes aquaculture
inherently unsustainable and environmentally
degrading, requires that forage fisheries are
poorly managed, that forage fish have no
substitutes, and that cost is not important for
aquaculture production. This will eventually
also put a limit on aquaculture production and
requires that aquaculture feed must contain
marine ingredients.
Two speakers from Professor Asche highlighted the issues he raised regarding North
America and Europe.
Professor Bertrand Le Gallic, University
of Western Brittany presented on Economic
Sustainability of the EU Seafood Industry and
was specifically centering on the need for
improving competitiveness for the EU seafood
sector.
Bertrand noted concerns for local, national
and EU administrations and made mention
of the H2020 SUCCESS program, which is
a European research project financed for
three years (2015-2018). It is part of the
H2020 Strategy, which is the EU Research
and Innovation Program for the period 20142020. H2020 puts the emphasis on three
core themes: science of excellence, industrial
leadership and societal challenges. It aims to
raise the level of excellence in Europes
science base, encourage important achievements, discoveries and world-firsts by taking
great ideas from the lab to the market.
Included in the Blue Growth Strategy,
defined by the European Commission as a
long term strategy to support sustainable
growth in the marine and maritime sectors
as a whole (COM(2014) 254/2), SUCCESS
specifically addresses topic BG-10-2014 :
Consolidating the economic sustainability and
competitiveness of European fisheries and
aquaculture sectors to reap the potential of
seafood markets.
Dr Carole Engle, Engle-Stone Aquatic LLC,
spoke at some length regarding the issues
confronting the aquaculture industry in USA,
notably the Alabama Catfish industry based
on years of personal involvement and study
she had done.
Carole highlighted that many of the businesses she had dealt with had little business
education and that was the area where they
were mainly failing. She said that the common
reasons for failure were insufficient capital;
poor credit or loan structure; poor inventory
management or simply running out of cash.
Carole said some of the legislation in the USA
needed to be reviewed as clearly created an
impediment to trade.
The event was sponsored by The
Foundation Alfonso Martin Escudero in cooperation with FAO and the Galicia Regional
Ministry for Rural and Maritime Affairs and
coordinated by CETMAR Foundation. The
closing ceremony was conducted by Paloma
Rueda Crespo, director-manager of Sea
Technology Centre, coordinator of the seminar organisation, and was accompanied by
Ignacio Llorente, a professor at the University
of Cantabria. During her speech, the head of
the Foundation CETMAR thanked the set of
speakers and students work and praised the
quality of the debates promoted throughout
the week.
FEATURE
PHOTOSHOOT
Jeju Island
Jeju Island, off the south coast of Korea, is not just noted as a world
heritage site for its volcanoes and lava tubes, but is also recognised
for its 350-plus flounder farms producing over 25,000 tonnes of olive
flounder. Jeju hosted this years World Aquaculture Societys 2015
Convention and offered delegates much more. Here, we reflect on
the Spirited Gardens of bonsai trees and koi carp, developed over
40 years by Bum-young Sung (pictured below) which has received
visits from two Chinese premiers. The oldest tree in the garden is
over 1300 years and the oldest potted bonsai over 600 years. Mount
Sanbang (formed as a gigantic bell-shaped lava dome) reflects the
ethos of the island.
TECHNOLOGY
SUPPLEMENT
FISH FARMING
AQUANOR
Technology on display
Since 1979, Norway has
hosted the greatest aquaculture
show in the world: Aqua Nor.
SUPPLEMENT
Aqua Nor
Technology on display
Since 1979, Norway has hosted the

greatest aquaculture show in the world:
Aqua Nor. The exhibition is held every other
year, alternating with the fisheries exhibition
Nor-Fishing. Aqua Nor is organised by the
Nor-Fishing Foundation, and has always
been held in Trondheim in mid-Norway,
close to numerous salmon farms in the
Trondheim fjord, and with all the major
fisheries and aquaculture organisations
headquartered in the city. This years Aqua
Nor will be held from 18th through 21st
August, and it looks to be the biggest show
ever.
lmost 500 exhibitors have signed up already, and the

organisers expect 18,000 20,000 visitors from about
65 70 countries. Project Manager Kari Steinsb at
Aqua Nor comments on the interest in Aqua Nor 2015:
There is great interest from exhibitors we have many bookings
already. Many are registering early to make sure they get the space
and location they want. In addition to the many Norwegian exhibitors, exhibitors from a number of foreign countries like the UK,
Chile, China, the USA and Dubai have also registered.
The exhibition area presently covers 18,000 m2, but will be
expanded to about 23,000 m2 when a new hall is added a few years
from now.
But because of the great interest this year, we have added one
extra hall, says Mrs Steinsb.
All the exhibition halls were fully booked six months ahead of the
show, so we decided to erect a new hall, Hall A2, which is now filling
up.
Skansen displaying equipment on the water
Aqua Nor is the only aquaculture technology exhibition where you can
actually see the equipment in its right element: on the water. At the
Skansen area in the Trondheim harbor, a short 10-minute walk from
the main exhibition halls, exhibitors display floating cages, workboats,
underwater equipment and other installations. On Aqua Nors opening
day, a gigantic AC850 feed barge will be officially handed over from
AKVA group to its new owners, Marine Harvest. This event will take
place at Skansen.
Mini-seminars
Norwegian fish farming has experienced a tremendous success

over the past 40 years, and the technology that has made this
002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish Farming Technology
success possible has been on display at Aqua Nor since 1979. In

order to give foreign visitors a better understanding of modern,
Norwegian aquaculture technology and practices, the Nor-Fishing
Foundation joins forces with the Marine Research Institute in
Bergen and many of the technology providers to organise a
mini-seminar on the latest aquaculture technology. When a
similar mini-seminar was held at Aqua Nor 2013, the interest was
overwhelming. This year, the theme for this mini-seminar is Is
Norwegian aquaculture technology relevant in other parts of the
world?. This mini-seminar will be held in the afternoon on the
opening day, 18th August.
In addition, numerous other seminars, mini-conferences and presentations will be held on a number of different subjects, ranging from
markets for farmed fish to fish health, closed cage systems and other
very detailed aspects of fish farming. In 2013, over 30 different seminars
and presentations were held.
The research organisation SINTEF will hold an afternoon seminar
on Thursday 20th of August, and their focus is on a very hot issue
these days: Future prospects in aquaculture technology Closed or
exposed?.
For those who would like to see actual fish farms in operation,
Innovation Norway is organising a boat trip around the Trondheim
Fjord on the day before the opening, on Monday 17th August. This
trip is reserved for foreign visitors, and was very successful when it
was operated also in 2013. (Check the full programme at http://www.
aqua-nor.no/.)
Networking
Many visitors claim that the most important aspect of Aqua Nor
is the networking - meeting old friends and making new contacts.
Consequently, there is a lot of chatting going on in the exhibition halls
and above all at the several restaurants on the premises. One of the
most popular meeting places is the outdoor restaurant, where people
can also listen to heated debates during the lunch hour.
Foreign delegations
Over the years, many foreign delegations have visited Aqua Nor, often
headed by ministers and top officials from the visiting countries. There
have been large delegations visiting from Indonesia, China, Vietnam,
South Korea, and other Asian countries, as well as from Latin America
and Africa. Many of these delegations have used the occasion to
present investment opportunities in their own country during brief
seminars during the exhibition.
Innovation Award
The Nor-Fishing Foundation will present the Innovation Award 2015

for the 13th time at Aqua Nor on 18th August 2015. Since 2003, the
Board of Directors of the Foundation has contributed NOK 1.3 million to research and development of equipment and services for the
aquaculture and fisheries industry, nationally and internationally. In the
past, there has been broad international participation in the contest.
Previous winners have reported that the award has created great interest in their products and services.
Fish Farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003
Aqua Nor Student Day

Students from Trondheim and the rest of Norway are invited to
visit Aqua Nor free of charge on Friday 21st of August 2015 to
explore the opportunities offered by exhibitors and the aquaculture
industry.
The demand for seafood will continue to grow rapidly in the
years ahead, and if Norway is to reach the Governments objective
of becoming the worlds foremost seafood nation, the industry will
have to recruit a lot more smart young brains.
Many opportunities for students
When over 400 exhibitors from over 50 nations and 20,000

visitors get together at this years Aqua Nor, the organiser (the NorFishing Foundation) wants to attract students from all disciplines to
visit the exhibition in order to learn more about the industry and
the opportunities it offers young people. It is in this industry that the
most exciting potential for innovation and value creation exists, and
consequently there are many attractive job opportunities.
Demand for bright young people in the industry
"A research report released some years ago concluded that we

may increase value creation six-fold over the next 35 years," says
Director of Information yvind Haram of Seafood Norway (previously the Norwegian Seafood Association).
We shall have to find ways to achieve this in a sustainable
way. Well be needing a plethora of new technological solutions
for slaughtering and production, bright minds to find what other
opportunities can be found in the ocean and to exploit our natural
resources.
Seafood Norway is one of the sponsors of the Student
Day, together with the Norwegian University for Science and
Technology (NTNU), the 'Get your sea legs' project, Youngfish, and
the Nor-Fishing Foundation.
The entire ocean space can be used
Norway has developed a wide range of know-how in the offshore petroleum industry and is considered a leading nation when
it comes to seabed technology. Now Mr Haram wants that the
aquaculture industry should develop excellence higher up in the
water column also.
We need many young people in order to reach the objectives
that we have set. Anything from civil engineering, ITC experts and
young people who are interested in politics, trade, marketing and
economics. I hope they will use this opportunity to get to know the
aquaculture industry on Aqua Nors Student Day.
Welcoming all students free

admission on Friday 21st August
Aqua Nor invites all students to visit the exhibition free of charge
on Friday 21st August. In addition, 10 students from all over the
country will be selected to receive free travel and accommodation
in Trondheim during the exhibition.
Students who visit Aqua Nor will have a full menu of options:
Exciting seminars with top-notch speakers
Mingling and networking, including happy hour
A raffle with a festival pass to Pstereo
Sampling delicious seafood products
Meetings with various exhibitors
Best stand Award
Since Nor-Fishing 2012 the organisers have given out The Best Stand
Award. The idea is to stimulate innovation and reward those exhibitors who put an extra effort into their stand design.
The criteria for selecting the best stand were established in 2012,
and they are relatively simple, but relevant:
Is the stand an attention-getter? It should be a stand that catches
the attention of visitors, it should reflect a thematic idea, and be
aesthetically pleasing.
Does the stand attract visitors? Do visitors stop to talk to the
personnel?
Does the stand give clear and relevant information about the
message that it is meant to communicate?
With these questions in mind, a Jury will spend the first three days
of the exhibition visiting stands all over the exhibition. On the last day
of the exhibition, the Jurys decision will be announced.
Photo courtesy of Nor-Fishing Foundation/Snlys
Great interest in Norway and abroad

for the Nor-Fishing Foundation
Innovation Award 2015
The Nor-Fishing Foundation has received 17 proposals for this years
Innovation Award. Many companies and individuals have shown
great interest in developing and improving processes and technology
for the aquaculture industry. Chairman of the Board Liv Holmefjord
and Director Ola Eriksen are very satisfied with this years applicants.
The Jury, which has reviewed all the applications on a professional basis, completed its work last week and has now submitted
its recommendations to the Board of Directors of the Foundation.
The Jury consists of Kjell Maroni, Norwegian Seafood Research Fund,
Senior advisor Oddvar Staulen, Innovation Norway, and Jan Henrik
Sandberg, Senior Advisor, Norwegian Fishermens Association.
The Jury has selected the following three finalists:
Protex AS (len/Trondheim), in partnership with SINTEF Teknologi
og Samfunn (SINTEF Technology and Society), and also working with
central organisations in the aquaculture industry, has developed work
clothes especially adapted to tomorrows needs in the aquaculture
industry. The concept includes clothing that will function in all seasons
and weather conditions for the individual. Health, Environment and
Safety considerations and improved economics have played a central
part in development.
Storvik Aqua AS (Sunndalsra) and EBTech AS (Molde) have cooperated to submit an patent application for a salmon biomass measuring system based on a 3D technique using high density cameras and
filter combinations that give a precise basis for calculating fish biomass.
They have developed advanced picture handling algorithms that give
mass calculations of a very high degree of accuracy. The systems
objective is +/- 1 percent deviations.
Hotel accommodation has traditionally been a problem at Aqua

Nor, although in recent years, Trondheim has added more than
30 percent to its hotel capacity. Director of Communications,
Erik Hempel, comments: One has to book hotels and make
other arrangements early. For visitors from developing countries, one should also start the process of obtaining a visa to
Norway early, because in our experience this can be a timeconsuming task.
Strand Prolog AS (Avery). This project has been developed in

cooperation with Msval Fish Farming Co and consists of a barge,
HeliXir, with tanks and equipment for medicinal treatment (against
lice etc.) next to the floating cages. The system is expected to reduce
the amount of medication used for lice treatment by 90 98 percent.
The system filtrates all emission fluids and can also be closed to
avoid any and all emissions. Control of the fish is retained during
treatment and the concentration level of the treatment fluids is at 133
m3, total water usage is expected to be 350 500 m3. By comparison, the chemical agents must be mixed with 7000 m3 when used in
a well boat, and 20,000 m3 when using a tarpaulin around the cage.
More information:
Erik Hempel,
+47 9084 1124
erik.hempel@hempelco.com
www.aqua-nor.no
The Board of Directors of the Nor-Fishing Foundation will discuss

the proposed winners in a meeting on Monday 17 August, and the
Innovation Award, consisting of NOK 100,000 and a diploma, will be
presented to the winner during the Festive Evening in Trondheim at
the Scandic Nidelven Hotel on Tuesday 18 August.
See overleaf for our coverage of the finalists!
Book early

Nor-Fishing Foundation Innovation Award 2015
HeliXiR Fish
Hospital
he HeliXiR fish hospital will improve animal

health and welfare while reducing the
environmental impact of treatments. The
HeliXiR utilises a small and recirculated
treatment tank where fish are exposed to
treatment, users have full control of time,
concentration and temperature.
The project started two years ago when
Msval Fish Farming Co and Stranda Prolog
AS joined forces to develop a closed treatment
process against sea lice. Both are third
generation family owned companies, and
pioneers in the industry with more than 40 years
experience in the industry.
The original idea for HeliXiR came up during
a meeting concerning another topic, however,
a plan for HeliXiR was quickly developed. In
January 2013 the aim was to treat salmon
against sea lice with medicine in a HeliX tank,
placed on a barge out on the farm. From
the loosely formulated concept Stranda had
developed in 2007, it took 19 months of intense
engineering work to develop and finance the
pilot, and another nine months to build. In
August Stranda is handing over the HeliXiR to
Msval to start the trials. The first trials have
been successful showing that the concept
works, these trials will continue throughout 2015
to show the full potential.
The HeliXiR Fish hospital consists of: a 32
metre by 12 metre barge; Triplo fish pump for
continuous suction and delivery; a de-watering
unit with grading functionality to grade fish
cleaning and lice filtering for the water; a
133m3 HeliX processing tank with a filtrating
water treatment system; heat pump for +/- 6oC;
an aeration unit; and a water intake with algae
filter. The expected capacity is 50-100 ton per
hour with more than a 90 percent reduction in
chemical consumption.
The system filtrates all emission fluids and can
also be closed to avoid any and all emissions.
The user retains control of the fish during
treatment and the concentration level of the
treatment throughout the process.

Precise biomass
measurement
of salmon
torvik Aqua AS (Sunndalsra) and EBTech AS

(Molde) have cooperated in submitting a
patent application for a system that measures
the biomass of salmon based on a 3D technique
using high density cameras and filter combinations
that give a precise basis for calculating fish biomass.
They have developed advanced picture handling
algorithms that give mass calculations to a very high
degree of accuracy. The systems objective is +/- 1%
deviations.
The system uses SACON, a user-friendly web
portal providing an overview of all biomass and
environmental data from all your locations in one
place. Users will be able to log in to SACON to see
all key data from the locations they are responsible
for. SACON gives fish farmers a complete overview
of operation, environmental conditions, fish welfare,
size, weight and their status with regard to maximum
permitted biomass. All data from the biomass meters
and environment log, AquaLog, are presented
together in SACON for complete overview.
The new technology Akravision is a fully
automated, camera-based biomass meter superior to
all previous forms of biomass metering. The biomass
meter uses software to constantly generate 3D models
of the images the AkvaVision camera takes of the fish.
The software then calculates how big the average fish
in the net is based on the 3D models.

Ragnarok, tough
workwear for tough
conditions at sea
Photography cortesy of Stian Holmen Lein, Bjoeroya Fiskeoppdrett AS
agnarok by Protex Norway is a new range

of high quality workwear developed
specifically for the fish farming industry
and is designed to withstand the harsh
rigors of a fish farm. Protex aimed to make a
range of tenable workwear, which would increase
fish farmers freedom of movement and keep
them dry and warm.
In this product range you will see some
garments made out of technical textiles smartly
combined with traditional PVC in addition to
some other interesting and practical features.
Health, environment, and safety considerations
and improved economics have all played a
central part in the development.
The concept behind this range is based
on a multilayer principle and includes woolen
underwear, various garments for insulation and
a shell layer to protect fish farmers from harsh
weather. According to Protex Sales Manager,
Martin Gregersen, The multilayer principle ensures
the Ragnorak concept is flexible and easy to vary
depending on weather conditions and personal
needs.
Ragnarok is made from scratch in cooperation
with key players within the Norwegian fish
farming industry; it has been developed in
conjunction with designers from Sintef - the
largest independent research organisation in
Scandinavia. Aclima, one of the worlds leading
producers of woolen underwear, are producing
the Ragnarok underwear. Hansen Protection, a
producer of survival suits and life vests, and Sintef
have also developed a floatation vest that is
included as part of the Ragnarok range. Protex
produces Ragnarok at their factory in Tallinn,
Estonia. The production site is ISO certified and
customers are welcome to visit.
Aquaculture in hana #1
FEATURE
Ghana is one of the countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region with the potential to dramatically increase its
fish production through aquaculture. In this two part special focus on Ghana, we examine two major issues;
alternative feed resources and best management practices.
Alternative feed sources

by Francis Ekow de Heer
fter some years of mild growth,

Ghanas aquaculture industry is
now set to play a crucial role in
the economy, especially in closing
the wide gap between local fish demand and
domestic production, which burdens the
nation with a high annual fish import bill.
Quite a number of local and foreign investors are showing interest in this sector. One
major issue set to give the industry a badly
needed boost is the availability of alternative
feed resources, which hold the prospect
of significantly reducing the fish farmers
production budget.
In 2013, the government launched the FAOfunded National Aquaculture Development
Plan, which is being implemented over five
years at a cost of US$ 85 million. The programme aims to improve the viability of the
aquaculture business, and to raise national fish
output from the present 27,750 metric tons
to 130,000 metric tons by the end of 2018.
Over 80 percent of commercial fish farmers in
Ghana are engaged in the production of Nile
tilapia, whilst the others are engaged mostly in
the production of African sharp-tooth catfish.
Demand for tilapia, a delicacy in Ghana, is very

high, even though at between US$ 2.50 and
US$ 3.00 per kilo it is way above the world
market price.
Fish consumption in Ghana increased from
900,000 metric tons in 2013 to one million
metric tons in 2014, but local output in the
two years was less than 450,000 metric
tons. Ghana, whose current per-capita fish
consumption is 25 kg/person/year, imports
US$ 200 million of fish annually. The decline
of local fish production over the years is due
to the use of outmoded equipment and illegal
fishing methods, especially lights, chemicals,
explosives and small mesh-size nets. Age-old
plans for introducing fibreglass boats are yet
to be realised, so Ghanaian artisanal fishermen
still use canoes and drag-nets to produce 70
percent of local output.
Aquaculture is fast gaining pace as an alternative source of animal protein as Ghanas
marine and freshwater fishery production
decline. Interest in aquaculture has been
growing steadily in recent years, but a major
issue of concern to farmers is the cost of feed.
On average, feed costs take up 70 percent
of a fish farmers budget, due mainly to the
fact that maize, the major ingredient, is also

the major feed source for humans. The use
of non-conventional feed sources, which until
recently had virtually no commercial value,
would substantially reduce the aquaculture
production budget and attract more investors.
Among the alternative ingredients which are
currently being deployed in aquaculture are
cocoa pod husk, palm kernel cake, wheat bran
and sunflower cake.
Cocoa pod husk (CPH) is derived from
the remains of the fruit after the beans, which
comprise 25 percent of the fruit, have been
extracted. Over 3720 metric tons of CPH
can be generated annually. Scientists in Ghana,
Nigeria and elsewhere have long proven that
CPH is viable as poultry, pig and fish feed.
For example, Ashade and Osineye (2013)
reported that CPH could suitably substitute
up to 100 percent in the diet of tilapia.
Adewumi and Olalaye (2010) reported that
CPH was one of several plant residues that
had been tested and found to be suitable
substitutes for conventional fish feed. Some
aquafeed producers have started using CPH
as substitute for maize.
Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the residue
FEATURE
At the fish farm of Crystal Lake Fishing Ltd, Volta Lake, Ghana
obtained from the kernel after the extraction

of the oil. Ghana produced 53,000 metric tons
of PKC in 2014. PKC is a valuable commodity in major palm oil producing countries like
Indonesia and Malaysia, where it is used locally
and exported as cattle feed. Until recently,
only a small amount of this commodity was
used in Ghana in pig diets. Presently, however,
it is being used on a small scale as poultry, pig
and aquaculture feed.
The Ministry of Agriculture recommends
the inclusion of PKC at 15 percent in fish
diets. Some researchers have found PKC
a useful inclusion in fish diets. Omoregie
obtained the best results with Nile tilapia fed
on a diet of 15 percent palm kernel meal
and 25 percent fishmeal. Onwudike also

concluded that although PKC was a viable
substitute for groundnut cake, it had to be
added to other protein sources in order to
increase dietary levels of some otherwise
deficient amino acids.
Soybean meal is the main protein source
for poultry and fish farmers in African countries. It is an imported, expensive commodity,
so most farmers would appreciate a local
substitute. Sunflower cake is recognised in
Ghana as a valuable protein source in animal
diets. Commercial cultivation of sunflowers,
which stalled for some three years, is resuming
in the Central Region of the country. Mr Kwasi
Addae, a commercial farmer, has mobilised
out-grower farmers
who are expected
to grow enough sunflower oil for the local
fish cannery industry,
and enough sunflower seed cake for the
poultry and aquaculture industries.
Results from a
collaborative work
by AquaFish CRSP
of Oregon State
University and the
Sokoine University in
Tanzania showed that
a 50/50 combination
of moringa and sunflower seed cake was a
viable substitute for soya bean meal.
A major challenge facing the aquafeed
industry is the absence of good quality feed
processing. About 30 percent of feed used
in the industry is imported, and Raanan
Feeds, the only producer of extruded feed
in Ghana, is currently producing at maximum
capacity. Most of the feed used or produced
by the many small-scale farms in Ghana are
neither pelletised nor extruded, and do not
float. Current signs show good prospects for
investment inflows. The combination of sizeable investment and alternative feed resource
deployment will give aquaculture in Ghana a
bright future.
Aquaculture in hana #2
FEATURE
Commercial floating feeds

for pond culture of tilapia in Ghana
A case study
The impact of the adaption of best management practices on social welfare

In this article, the research of Dr Yaw B. Ansah and Dr Emmanuel A. Frimpong on the effectiveness of BMPs
on the aquaculture industry, specifically the production of tilapia in Ghana will be shared. Dr Ansah received
his PhD from the Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation as well as an MSc in Agricultural and Applied
Economics, both from Virginia Tech (USA). Dr Frimpong is an associate professor at Virginia Tech, he studies
fish biology and aquaculture and supervised Dr Ansahs dissertation.
lassified by the World Bank in 2014 as a lower middle

income country, Ghana has an economy largely dependent on agriculture. The agricultural sector contributes 23
percent of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP)
annually, whereas 42 percent of the population was employed in the
agricultural sector in 2013. Ghanas 2.3 percent annual population
growth rate requires a sustained increase in food production.
The country has increased food production per capita by more than
80 percent since the early 1980s, and is largely self-sufficient in staple
crops such as maize, cassava, plantain, and yam. In 2011 the Overseas
Development Institute forecasted that Ghana will meet the United
Nation (UN)s Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 of eradicating
extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. However, it is important to go
beyond meeting this goal of food quantity to target food quality, both
of which are components of food security.
Ghana is one of the countries in the sub-Saharan Africa region
with the potential to dramatically increase its fish production through
aquaculture. This is the result of a high fish demand, and the combination of a stable political environment and the commissioning of the
only commercial fish feed mill in West Africa. The country derives a
majority of its dietary protein from fish, with an estimated per capita
fish consumption of 2030 kg per annum in 2009, higher than the
global estimate of about 18 kg.
The global aquaculture industry has been blamed widely for its
negative impacts on natural aquatic ecosystems. Pond effluents are
relatively dilute, and as such not amenable to conventional treatment
technologies. Aquaculture management practices affect the volume of
water, nutrient, solids, and oxygen demand loading rates from ponds to
effluent-receiving water bodies. Generally, these practices are grouped
into nutrient management and effluent management.
In 2014 Frimpong et al showed the effect of two best management practices (BMPs) on the growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) and their effectiveness at preventing the transport of nutrients and solids from fishponds to water bodies in Ghana. Specifically,
these two BMPs were the use of commercial floating feeds and pond
FEATURE
water reuse. That study showed that reused pond
water resulted in the same growth rates as the usual
practice of draining and refilling pond with new water
before stocking. This result was in contrast to the
widely held belief among pond fish farmers in the
sub-Saharan Africa region that reusing water from a
previous cycle could harm cultured fish.
Two main types of fish feed are used by fish farmers in Ghana. The recommended commercial feed
type is pelleted, smooth, and mostly floating, unlike
the farm-made type, which is coarse, powdery, and
sinking. In a previous study Frimpong et al showed
that the commercial floating feed type resulted in up
to a 100 percent increase in fish growth compared to
the farm-made sinking feed. Analysis of revenues and
costs on a typical tilapia farm in Ghana also indicated
that using commercial floating feed resulted in a
higher probability of profitability (45%) than using the
farm-made alternative (25%).
Demonstrating profitability of better management
practices will encourage the adoption by fish farmers,
which will both protect the environment and further
increase farm profits. Widespread adoption of profitable innovations is expected to have an impact not
only at the farmhousehold level, but also on the
welfare of the society as a whole, including both producers and consumers. Positive outcomes of adopting BMPs such as commercial floating feeds include
achievement of an environmentally-friendly image
by the aquaculture industry, increased tilapia production, and lower fish costs. This study conducted by
Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong sought to quantify the
FEATURE
economic impact of the adoption of floating feeds in pond culture

of tilapia in a developing country on social welfare. Specifically, they
were interested in the net present value (NPV) of BMP adoption, with
Ghana as a case country. Also, it was of interest to determine factors
that had the greatest influence on NPV from adoption of the BMP.
Research details, methodology and data collection
Generally, according to economic theory, an innovation (a new

technology) shifts the supply function for a commodity downward,
resulting in a larger equilibrium quantity at a lower price. This development may have a significant bearing on the level of poverty or welfare
of a particular community where a new agricultural technology is diffused. The conventional framework for applied welfare economics is
provided by a three-part assumption: the demanders perceived value
of a unit of a good or service is indicated by the competitive demand
price of that unit; the suppliers perceived value of a unit of a good or
service is indicated by the competitive supply price of that unit; and the
net benefits and costs of a given action to a group of people is the total
of the benefits and costs to each member.
Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong employed the economic surplus
method, which is the most common method for analysing the welfare
impacts of agricultural research in a partial equilibrium framework. The
popularity of this method stems from the fact that it requires the least
data, can be applied to the broadest ranges of situations, is easy to
grasp, and can be used both ex ante and ex post.
To effectively run the economic surplus model, both physical and
market data must be collected on the following:
The proportion of farmers who adopt the innovation overtime
The price of the commodity
The change in yield of the commodity with the new technology
The nature of the market, as products that are traded may not
experience price declines if production increases
The time it takes to develop the innovation, and the number of
years for maximum adoption to be reached
The discount rate for future benefits compared to current
benefits
The researchers raised Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) on five demonstration earthen-pond farms in central Ghana. Stocking, feeding, and other
management practices employed for the production of tilapia on these
demonstrations were consistent with those used on typical tilapia farms
in Ghana. These demonstrations provided both physical data on the

effects of two BMPs on the growth of Nile tilapia and budgeting data
for profitability analysis. The two BMPs were use of commercial floating
feed (as opposed to farm-made feed prepared on site from food and
agro-industrial wastes), and reused water (as opposed to draining and
refilling ponds with new water before each production cycle).
In the Frimpong et al 2014 study, it was concluded that of the two
BMPs, only feed type significantly influenced fish growth and yield. Using
floating feed resulted in average yields 100 percent higher than using
sinking feed. Since there was no significant difference in fish growth
with water type (reused or fresh water), the researchers analysed
only the welfare impacts of the adoption of floating feed as a new
technology.
Reusing pond water for multiple production cycles is clearly environmentally beneficial. However, there were no significant differences
detected in fish yields or farm costs from this BMP. The quantification
of the environmental impacts of reusing pond water is the subject of
a separate study. Without resulting in differences in growth, the only
potential source of economic benefits of water reuse is saving input
cost from refilling emptied ponds. The vast majority of pond farmers
in Ghana obtain water at no direct cost from diverted streams or
groundwater seepage. Cost savings to the farmer are therefore not
readily apparent.
The unit cost of the recommended feed type is almost eight times
that of the farm-made alternative, and the cost of fish feed makes up
over 50 percent of total costs on a typical fish farm. The implication
is that the adoption of the new feed technology will result in a 350
percent increase in total annual farm costs.
The rate of adoption of each BMP was tracked over three years
though a comprehensive survey that was administered from 2011 to
2013, to 363 fish farmers in Ghana. Respondents came from the central and southwestern parts of Ghana, specifically in the Ashanti, BrongAhafo, Central, Eastern, and Western Regions. Pond farms in Ghana
are located mostly within these regions, due to conducive biophysical
factors. Average adoption rates over this period were 58.2 percent for
commercial floating feed and 27.4 percent for pond water reuse. It is
worth noting that most farmers who claim to use the former technology presently do not use it exclusively, but the trial of the technology
is an indication of their desire to fully adopt it if it proves superior and
affordable. Dr Ansah and Dr Frimpong assumed 70 percent as the
FEATURE
maximum adoption rate, which they believe to be a realistic figure for
an aquaculture innovation.
Aquaculture production in Ghana occurs in two main systems,
floating cages in the Volta Lake and dugout earthen ponds. Floating
cage systems are intensive operations that rely solely on commercial
floating feed through the production cycle, and these systems account
for about 90 percent of the countrys aquaculture production. Total
production from cages alone was 24,250 metric tons (mt) in 2013.
Current BMP dissemination efforts are targeted at the less-intensive
earthen-pond systems that rely more on the farm-made sinking feed
type. Effectively, the adoption of the new feed technology will likely
impact the production from earthen ponds, since the innovation is
already being used widely in the cage systems.
Research findings
The estimated average NPV of adopting commercial floating tilapia

feed for tilapia farming in earthen ponds in Ghana over 20 years was
almost US$ 11 million (Figure 1). The probability that the NPV is a
positive value was about 70 percent (Figure 2). Additionally, there
was a probability of about 48 percent that the NPV is greater than
the estimated mean value of 11 million (Figure 2). Sensitivity analysis
showed that the variables (and direction of correlation) with the
greatest impacts on mean NPV were the change in yield of tilapia (+)
and the change in production costs (), resulting from the adoption
of commercial floating fish feed (Figure 3). To a less significant extent,
mean NPV also was sensitive to the 2013 tilapia earthen-pond production level (+), the chosen discount rate (), the level of peak adoption
rate (+), and the specific amount of recurrent costs (+), in that order.
A plus sign indicates that an increase in that variable will increase NPV,
while a decrease in a variable with a minus sign will increase NPV.
Final thoughts
However, considering the significant positive social welfare implications of adopting this feed type in earthen pond farming, both
governmental and nongovernmental agencies could invest in reducing
feed cost in order to facilitate diffusion. Our results indicate that the
marginal benefit from any investments made to reduce feed costs and
facilitate farmers use of the new feed type is high.
Also, adoption rates of the recommended feed type had a nonsignificant but positive effect on mean NPV. However, adoption rate
links indirectly to change in yield. Change in yield is the physical change
in the average weight of fish fed the new feed type, but the more
farmers that adopt the technology the higher the chances of increasing
production in order to realise the calculated NPV.
This study projected that adoption of yield-enhancing aquaculture BMPs and innovations in a developing country such as Ghana
would result in significant social welfare benefits. Considering the
high marginal benefits of investments in floating feed, it is recommended that affordable credit programs and other financial packages
be created to help farmers meet the current price of fish feed. Dr
Ansah and Dr Frimpong also recommend investment into research
and development projects to reduce the amount of feed wasted
from overfeeding. The focusing of extension effort on production
technologies will lead to the realisation of benefits and reduction in
risk. These efforts will result in the country reaping high social benefits
from the increased yield. Also, active dissemination of this and other
BMPs will create the awareness required for rapid diffusion of these
innovations.
This feature has been altered from the original open access article for
formatting reasons. The original open access article is distributed under a
Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license. Published by Cogent
Food & Agriculture (ISSN: 2331-1932), Cogent OA, part of Taylor &
Francis Group.
From the results of this study, it emerges that Ghanas economy

has a high probability of profiting significantly from adoption of
BMPs, such as use of floating fish feed in earthen-pond farms. The
GDP for the country in 2013 was US$48 billion. Ghanas agriculture sector contributes about 22 percent of the countrys GDP.
Extrapolations based on figures from Ghanas National
Aquaculture Development Plan indicate that the current value
of commercially farmed fish in the country to be approximately
US$40 million. This implies that the studys calculated average benefit (US$11 million over 20 years) will annually add > 25 percent
of the current value of commercially farmed fish.
Clearly, Ghana stands to benefit substantially from the increased
fish yield, which will result from adoption of the recommended,
floating fish feed. A previous study conducted by Ansah et al in 2014
identified possible key socioeconomic benefits or impacts of higher
fish yields to include increased employment within the improved
aquaculture industry, higher incomes, reduced poverty, possible
foreign exchange, lower fish cost, better nutritional diet (more protein), improved health and welfare. Additionally, women in Ghanas
fisheries sector are involved more in processing and marketing of
fish, and as such, they too will benefit from the increased fish yields
from the adoption of the recommended feed type.
The recommended commercial floating feed type is known to
cost almost eight times as much as the alternative feed type produced on farms from a mixture of byproducts of local agro-food
industry. It is also not unusual for the cost of fish feed to make up
> 50 percent of variable or total costs of a fish farm, therefore, it
is expected that adoption of the recommended feed type will be
accompanied by a substantial investment of capital, and principles
of innovation adoption predict that the higher cost implications
could discourage rapid diffusion of this feed innovation among
pond farmers in Ghana.
FEATURE
Lecithin as a rich energy source

with nutritional performance
by Catharina Nieuwenhuizen MBA, Nutritional and Technical Support Manager at Noba Vital Lipids
ecithin may be produced from egg

yolk, but more commonly used in
aquafeed are soya and rapeseed
lecithin. It is well known that the
phospholipids (PL) present in lecithin act as
an emulsifier of lipids in the animal stomach
and gut, but especially the nutritional
benefits of lecithin is why fish nutritionists
like to include it in fish and shrimp diets.
Lecithin is widely used in feed for larval and
juvenile stages of various species of fish and
crustaceans, because those developing fish
have a limited ability to the novo phospholipid synthesis.
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most
abundant PL in fish tissues and is among many
others an important catabolic energy source
for egg and larval embryogenesis and important for intestinal lipid absorption. In literature
many examples may be found of the benefits
of PL on survival, growth, resistance to stress
tests, prevention of malformations, essential
lipid composition of the fish. Seemingly phosphatidylcholine (PC) is more effective for
growth improvement while phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
are more important for survival and preventing deformities in the developing fish and are
a structural component of practically all cell
membranes. This article will highlight some
of the other reasons and benefits to include
lecithin in aquafeed for all life stages.
Pellet quality
PL may improve the performance of the

diet by improving the water stability of food
particles, or by their action as antioxidant
or feed attractant. Castell in Coutteau et
al published an interesting example of a
practical application of lecithin in 1997. They
hypothesise that dietary supplementation
of soybean lecithin prevents molt death in
lobsters, by reducing the leaching of water
soluble nutrients, in particular manganese and
B vitamins. Various forms and concentrations

of dietary choline were not as effective as PC
in reducing molt death syndrome in juvenile
lobsters Soy lecithin may increase the physical
water stability of aquafeed pellets and thereby
reduce the loss of water-soluble nutrients.
Lipid transport and retention
PL are required in shrimp feed for the efficient transport of dietary fatty acids and lipids
from the gut epithelium into the haemolymph,
and the mobility of lipids between the various
tissues and organs. Dietary PL also improves
the mobilisation of cholesterol, which is essential in the molting process of crustaceans. PL
also reduces the accumulation of lipid droplets
in the intestine, due to its essential role in the
transportation of Triacylglycerol (TAG) from
the intestinal mucosa via the haemolymph
into the serum of shrimp as chylomicron and
other lipoprotein. Diets with additional PL
have higher levels of plasma lipoproteins and
epithelial enzymes.
The inclusion of PL in the diet affects
lipid deposition, resulting in increased lipid
retention and levels in the animal. A higher
proportion of EPA and DHA was observed
in juvenile P. japonicas due to the addition of
three percent of soybean lecithin in the diet.
Benefits of lecithin (phospholipids):
- Higher survival and growth
- Better resistance to stress
- Prevention of malformations
- Improve water stability of food particles
- Reduce leaching of water soluble
nutrients
- Antioxidant
- Reduce accumulation of lipid droplets
- Higher levels of plasma lipoproteins
- Higher levels of epithelial enzymes
- Increase lipid retention
- Better essential lipid composition of
the fish.
Phosphorous and choline
Phosphorous is a nutritionally important

mineral due to its requirement for growth,
bone mineralisation, reproduction, nucleic
acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Choline
is an essential nutrient for fish and shrimp (and
other animals), and thus needs to be provided
by the feed.
Effect on enzymes
PL shows a beneficial effect on brush

border (or microvilli) and pancreatic enzymes
in rainbow trout. Soybean lecithin induced a
significantly higher activity of amylase, lipase,
phospholipase A2 and secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). CCK stimulates the pancreatic
enzymes secretion and bile release.
A study conducted by Hamza et al in 2008
describes an increase of the brush border
enzymes activity like aminopeptidase N and
alkaline phosphatase (AN and AP) associated
with dietary phospholipid level in pikeperch
larvae.
This higher AP activity suggests a better
development and intestinal maturation process. Increase in dietary lecithin in microdiets
for seabream larvae significantly improved
digestive enzymes activities next to better
enterocyte maturation, utilisation and deposition of dietary essential fatty acids and larval
growth, as a consequence of a better digestion, absorption, transport and deposition of
dietary nutrients.
Nobacithin Aqua
Noba Vital Lipids developed a liquid lecithin blend, named Nobacithin Aqua R100.
Native liquid lecithin has a very high viscosity
and is therefore not so easy to handle in a
feed plant. In Nobacithin Aqua R100, oil
and fatty acids have been added to lecithin
which makes its application much easier. This
Nobacithin Aqua R100 is based upon rape
lecithin. It is a NON-GMO blend. Beside
this rape base blend, there are also mixtures
FEATURE
Phospholipids increase lipid retention
and levels in the animals
Lecithin induces a higher

activity of enzymes
of Nobacithin Aqua based upon soybean

lecithin.
What makes Nobacithin Aqua R100 stand
out from other lecithin products? There
are many dry lecithin products on the market, those are mainly used for the juvenile
and larvae stages. A liquid product is often
cheaper than a dry product. With the usage
of Nobacithin Aqua you have the possibility
to increase the inclusion levels of lecithin, and
that is interesting because of the nutritional
mechanisms and benefits described in this
article. Because of the stickiness of lecithin,
blended with fish oil it may be applied as
coating for the pellets contributing to a better
pellet quality. Nobacithin Aqua is suitable for
larvae, juvenile, and grower diets for many

species of fish and crustaceans.
Noba
Noba Vital Lipids is a leading Dutch manufacturer and supplier of high-energy fat products for the animal feed industries, servicing
greater Europe. Our strengths are rooted in
more than 60 years of experience alongside
our high standards of quality, which are fulfilled
at every step of the production process. NOBA
is deeply committed to ensuring meticulous
care and product safety during raw material
selection and processing, as well as in the final
product. The result is the unbeatable quality
found in each and every NOBA product.
Noba partners with leading research universities and animal feed testing centres to
conduct basic nutritional research and indepth feed trials. We focus on nutrients, not
just ingredients. Our proprietary technology
allows us to deliver optimal nutritional value
and consistency in every batch we produce.
We deliver throughout Europe with maximum flexibility and reliability, even at short
notice. At our premises in The Netherlands,
Germany and Austria we have a tank storage capacity of over 100,000 tonnes. These
capacities and the provision of a large fleet
of modern tankers guarantee punctual and
flexible delivery to our clients.
www.noba.nl
Your global technology process supplier

for the aqua feed industry
ANDRITZ is one of the worlds
leading suppliers of techno
logies, systems, and services
relating to advanced indu
strial equipment for the aqua
feed industry. With an in-depth
knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution
from raw material intake to finis
hed feed bagging.
ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S

Europe, Asia, and South America: andritz-fb@andritz.com
USA and Canada: andritz-fb.us@andritz.com
www.andritz.com
aquaculture industry
The International Aquafeed team visits
Dr Eckel
International Aquafeed magazine
visited Dr Eckel GmbH on-site
on Friday 12th June. Founder and
Managing Director of the feed additive
company, Dr Antje Eckel welcomed the

team and gave a guided tour of the Dr
Eckel site.
r Antje founded Dr Eckel

GmbH in 1994 from humble
beginnings in her own home.
She has built up the business
ever since then, remaining as the sole
shareholder. In 2003 the offices were built,
then in 2005 a warehouse was erected for
stocking products. In 2009 production began
and in 2014 the offices were expanded with
an additional floor and outhouse on the
current site in Niederzissen.
All Dr Eckels own-brand products are
produced on this single site and exported
to customers all around the world. By the
offices there is a pond with much plant life
and bird life too even ducks visit. A legacy
of the development is a former wooden prefabricated office. It now fulfils a great role for
on-site seminars and meetings with customers, distributors and Dr Eckel staff.
Quality is key
In every section of the site we went to,

the quality and standards were impressively
high. All machines, parts in the production
facility and materials were of the best quality. Dr Antje herself said that she tours the
production facilities once a week as part of
the oversight procedures. The production
tower has three floors (not including the
ground floor) and is quite a landmark in

the vicinity.
There are delivery doors and a control
centre. The systems can be controlled by
iPads but this is not normally done. Audits
are carried out for the requirements of customers. On average, 20 tons of animal feed
products are produced here daily. Everywhere
we looked there was large-scale, high-quality
machinery. Quality is a constant theme here,
and such an investment will undoubtedly
arrive at the end user.
Global growth
Dr Eckel is an international company

through and through. Its markets are diverse
and constantly expanding. Although its first
customers were on the German-speaking
market, it is now expanding internationally. Marketing and PR director Sarah Mertens
explained that Dr Eckel have an area manager
for Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in Central and South America and they
are keen to expand activity in the region especially in Aquaculture!
Dr Eckel today
Touring the site, it was clear that several

strong missions drive the culture at Dr Eckel.
First, Ecknowlogy is prevalent everywhere.
This registered trade name is Dr Eckels own
moniker for their blend of knowledge and

technology in animal nutrition. It features in
production, in the materials and information.
Customers instantly see specialist scientific
know-how combined with first-class customer
service.
The current warehouse holds one months
stock. Delivery is based on a just-in-time
system. The warehouse has many solar panels
on its rooftop, which supply sustainable solar
energy to the warehouse itself.
Aquaculture
Dr Eckels customers are mostly industry

buyers; we were told that only in Asia does
the company sell directly to end-users. Dr
Eckel is also well aware of Asias potential for
aquaculture. Recently, the Anta aquaculture
product range has been developed with a
particular awareness of the large weighting of
aquaculture in the Asia region. To this end,
Dr Eckel have permanent staff in Asia such as
Andreas Lewke and Yuwei Liao.
After Dr Antje Eckel herself, we were
introduced to Sarah Mertens, Dr Tilman Wilke
and Monika Korzekwa. This group acted as
our guides and provided great detail in their
answers to questions. Monika Korzekwa told
me her personal story: after a Masters degree
thesis on Dr Eckels products with a study on
quail, both she and the company agreed it was
inevitable that she should continue with them.

As a highly qualified animal nutritionist with
experience of Dr Eckel from her university
days, it seems Monika is a real asset to the
future development of the company.
were at that time in the quarantine phase and

they were due to be transferred around a
week or two later (mid-June) for trials.
Aquaculture facilities
Growth trials, weight-gain development and

feed efficiency studies are the most common
types of trials conducted. In total, there are
sixteen tanks in the aquarium. The aquarium
was developed with support from the German
Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy.
As Dr Bernhard Eckel said in a press
release:
With this aquarium facility and our experience from international animal nutrition we
can contribute to the sustainable and healthy
nutrition of fish and shrimp. At the same time
this production will boost consumer confidence in aquaculture.
At the site, single heaters maintain temperature with aeration systems as well to
re-circulate and clean the water. The fully
controlled station is shown in the accompanying photographs.
The aquaculture area in one half of the

warehouse houses an aquarium for first-stage
trials. This is where Dr Tilman Wilke primarily
undertakes his work on new formulations and
product trials. Tilman told me that the ease of
working on species at the place of production
enables a quick and efficient transfer of innovative new compounds from the laboratory
to production.
Next to the aquarium is a small laboratory
with medium-size mixers and pre-treatment
facilities for compound mixtures, thereby
eliminating the need to always go over to the
large production tower to use the large-scale
mixer. Most importantly, Dr Eckels various
academic partners around the world carry out
analysis independently.
According to Dr Tilman Wilke, Dr Eckels
aquaculture efforts intensified and increased in
2013. This meant providing more solutions for
aquatic animal feeds in this growing industry.
When we visited the aquarium, the tanks
were being cleaned and disinfected, between
housing tilapia and shrimp species. The shrimp
Dr Eckels research
and development
Regular engagement
Other species such as tilapia have also featured in recent trials. As readers of International
Aquafeed will know, Tilman has had aquaculture
articles published in this magazine a recent and
successful article from the January-February issue

focused on phytogenics and natural additives,
with many proven benefits for shrimp farming.
Tilman is also actively representing Dr Eckel
by speaking at industry conferences and giving
presentations. Recently, he gave a presentation
in New Orleans at the World Aquaculture
Societys (WAS) Aquaculture America conference in February of this year.
In Asia, Dr Eckel have reciprocal agreements for research and development as
well as their own staff and office for the
aquaculture market. This regional office was
established in 2011 because of the growth of
their export sales to Asia. In Thailand, trials
especially with shrimp are being undertaken
to assert evidence-based results.
Kasetsart University in Thailand has completed a series of trials with AntaPhyt
and AntaOx on pacific white shrimp in
challenge trials after after the shrimp are
exposed to Vibrio parahaemolytius pathogens. With observations of improved growth
performance and improved survival rates and
immune responses in the test groups, the
evidence shows results that bring benefits to
Dr Eckels customers.
It was a privilege to have the tour and
insights into the culture, scientific knowledge
and technical expertise that powers Dr Eckel
forward in aquaculture.
EXPERT TPIC
EXPERT TOPIC
TILAPIA
Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look
at a particular species and how its feed is managed.
EXPERT TPIC
1 Tilapia: adaptable
from fingerling to fillet
riginating from the lakes of

Eastern, Central and Western
Africa, the Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) was first
introduced to developing countries as a
cheap, easy way for subsistence farmers to
provide their families with enough protein.
With improved production techniques and
methods of controlling its flavour, the fish
became more of a mainstream product.
Communities of migrants from these countries then created a market for tilapia in the
developed nations they had moved to, and
2 Tilapia survey
demonstrates GAAs
commitment to
responsible aquaculture
ince its inception in 1997, The

Global Aquaculture Alliances philosophy has been to proactively
identify the challenges facing aquaculture and to implement practical solutions
that lead to continual improvements over
time.
One such challenge is the use of antibiotics in aquaculture. Restrictions on antibiotic
use are addressed in great detail in both the
Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) finfish and
finally a taste for the fish spread amongst

the locals.
With a mild, unintrusive flavour, Nile
tilapia lends itself readily to a wide range of
dishes and cuisines. Its pretty adaptable from
the farmers point of view, too. Omnivorous
yet predominantly vegetarian, tilapia grow
quickly on a diet lower in protein and higher
in carbohydrates than that required by many
carnivorous farmed species. They are also
relatively resistant to disease and poor water
quality, and they breed easily.
Keeping mixed-gender groups in ponds
can result in lots of stunted offspring competing for food and space. There are two main
ways to fix this. You could try sex-reversal.
Administering hormones in their feed at an
early stage ensures the fish all grow up as

males. This has an added benefit, owing to
the fact that males of this species grow twice
as fast as females.
Alternatively, you could continue to raise
them in mixed-gender groups, but in cages.
Nile tilapia needs a bowl-like depression in
a sandy substrate in which to fertilise their
eggs and from which to gather them up in
their mouths to brood them. In a cage, even
if any eggs do get fertilised, they will simply
fall through the mesh and be lost. Being
both easier and cheaper than sex-reversal,
the cage method is employed across China,
Indonesia and much of Central and South
America.
Source: FAO
crustacean farm standards and BAP seafood

processing plant standards.
On June 2, GAA further demonstrated
its commitment to responsible aquaculture
by publishing a survey to gather first-hand
information on the use of antibiotics in tilapia
farming, the results of which will educate the
evolving Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP)
program.
An invitation to take the 11-question
survey was delivered to about 125 representatives of BAP-certified tilapia farms and
processing plants located in China, Columbia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Indonesia, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam.
This survey primarily concerns the use
of antimicrobials listed by the World Health
Organisation (WHO) as critical to human
health. Some of these substances are permitted for veterinary use. But there are concerns
that overuse could potentially, by spreading
resistance, reduce the effectiveness of human
antimicrobial therapy. Thus, subject to the
survey results, GAA will seek by years end
to modify the tilapia-specific section of the
BAP finfish and crustacean farm standards to
exclude the use of antimicrobials listed by the
WHO as critical to human health.
Some experts feel that antimicrobials listed
by the WHO as critical to human health
should be excluded from use in tilapia farming. Other experts feel that these antibiotics
are critical tools for disease treatment and
animal welfare. BAP-certified tilapia farms and
processing plants are encouraged to take the
survey, which is anonymous.
EXPERT TPIC
Tilapia
production in India:
present status and prospects

by Dr B Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department
of Fisheries, India
ilapia are now the worlds second most popular group of

farmed fish after carp. Worldwide production exceeded
3.9 million tonnes in 2012 according to FAO and demand
continues at a steady pace. Geographically Tilapias are the
most widespread species for aquaculture production in the world.
Tilapia, a native to Africa and Middle East has emerged as one of
the most internationally traded food fishes in the World. Around
20 countries are farming Tilapia, with China, Egypt, Indonesian
Philippines, Thailand and Brazil taking the lead.
Tilapia belongs to the family Cichlidae under order Perciformes
and has recently been classified into three genera, based on parental
incubation of eggs. The species of the genera Sarotherodon and
Oreochromis are mouth brooders, while Tilapia incubate eggs in a
nest built on the bottom of a lake or pond. There are about 70
species of Tilapia, of which eight species are used in aquaculture
worldwide (Table: 1). One of the eight cultured species is Nile Tilapia,
a relatively large cichlid fish introduced to several countries outside its
natural range e.g. Brazil, Australia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India.
Present status
India is a vast country in terms of natural resources and considered

one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. The Indian mainland
is drained by 15 major, 45 medium and over 120 minor rivers, besides
numerous ephemeral streams. The diverse river systems in India harbour one of the richest fish germplasm resources in the world. Official
records show that O. mossambicus was first introduced to India from Sri
Lanka in 1952 and thereafter stocked in several reservoirs in southern
India for production enhancement.
O. niloticus was introduced to India in late 1987. The aquaculture of
O. niloticus expanded in the southern region of the country, especially
by private entrepreneurs. In 1995, Vorion Chemicals Ltd. Chennai
claimed high production of hybrid red Tilapia, popularly known as
golden Tilapia. However, production collapsed for unknown reasons.
Culture of O. niloticus is now gearing up, particularly in Andhra Pradesh,
Orissa and West Bengal, and the fish is now distributed to many states
particularly the coastal areas.
Cultivated Tilapia are typically hybrids between O. niloticus and
other closely related species native to Africa. O. niloticus are one of
the easiest and most profitable fish to farm, in part because they are
omnivorous and can be fed a diet derived exclusively from plants. O.
niloticus and other fish that feed on vegetable materials offer a much
more ecologically sound and environmentally friendly means of providing humankind with an abundance of nutritious and delicious fish. There
have been frequent escapes of Tilapia from aquaculture facilities due to
recurring floods or inadvertent releases. Tilapia now forms a part of the
fish fauna in the Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery, Yamuna and Ganga Rivers.
Presently in many rivers particularly the Ganga River and Krishna
River system, the proportion of Tilapia production is about 10-48
percent of the total fish species. However, Tilapia holds vast promise
to become an important species for aquaculture in India, considering
the demand for more fish. There are many unpublished data about
the availability of Tilapia in tanks, reservoirs and rivers in many states in

India. In the Kolkata Wetlands, some farmers are producing mono-sex
Tilapia on a commercial scale in waste-water. In Andhra Pradesh Tilapia
culture is practised in an area of around 1000 acres.
As the demand for fish increases, diversification of species in aqua-
EXPERT TPIC
Table 1: World-wide aquaculture tilapia species
Sl.
No.
Common name
Scientific name
Nile tilapia
Mozambique tilapia
O. mossambicus (Peters 1852)
Blue tilapia
O. aureus (Steindachner 1864)
Zanzibar tilapia
O. hornorum (Trewavas 1966)
Gallilee tilapia
Sarotherodon galilaeus (Hasselquist 1757)
Black-chinned tilapia
Redbreast tilapia
Tilapia rendalii (Boulenger 1896)
Red-belly tilapia
T. zillii (Ge vais 1848)
Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1757)
BIOLEX MB40
EXCELLENT FOR FISH
S.melanotheron (Ruppel 1852)
culture by including more species for increasing production levels has

become necessary. Introduction of Tilapia in Indian culture systems is
advantageous because it represents a lower level in the food chain, and
thus its culture will be economical and eco-friendly. Mono-sex culture
of Tilapia is advantageous because of faster growth and the larger and
more uniform size of males.
Government support
Ge
any Made in
erm
G
in
e
ad
in G
ermany M
a
de
India has enormous potential for aquaculture of Tilapia. Numerous

freshwater and brackish water ponds, lakes and reservoirs suitable for
Tilapia culture are available in the country. The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for
Aquaculture (RGCA) in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh started producing
seedstocks of this variety three years ago based on technology adopted
from the World Fish Centre in Malaysia. The centre already has a stock
of around one million seed and is capable of meeting demand from
other states. O. niloticus is in high demand not only on the local market
but also in the US and the European Union.
The development of Genetically Improved Tilapia (GIFT) technology is based on traditional selective breeding and is meant to improve
commercially important traits of tropical farmed fish, which is a major
milestone in the history of Tilapia aquaculture. The Kerala and Andhra
Pradesh governments recently issued directives allowing the farming
of O. niloticus.
To encourage entrepreneurs, the National Development Board
(NFDB) is also providing financial subsidies for Tilapia culture in the
country. For species diversity, Tilapia is one of the most suitable alternative species for Indian aquaculture. In future Tilapia will be the cheapest
protein food source in India even for people below the poverty line.
References available on request
REAL
BREWERS Biertreber
YEAST
de in Germany
M
Prospects
Viking Pro
M ade i n G e
rm
y
an
an
a
M
MT
rm
Tilapia is farmed widely in the whole of Asia, with the exception

of India. The Government of India has allowed Tilapia farming recently
but with specific guidelines. Farms have to obtain a permit/license from
the Government to carry out the farming. Farming is allowed only with
mono-sex male Nile Tilapia or its hybrids. Cage culture is permitted
in reservoirs where there is an established stock of Tilapia. In cages,
use of floating feeds with a minimum protein content of 25 percent is
encouraged. The guidelines also specify bio-security measures to prevent escapees. In the case of hatcheries and nurseries, permits are also
required and they may only use brood stock from approved foreign
Bierhefe
Beta-S
Mannan
W60
and Indian companies.
In India, O. mossambicus has been widely cultured in states including
Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Odisha for the last 30 years. The Marine
Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) has chalked out a
plan to culture O. niloticus in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
The Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA), the Research
and Development arm of the MPEDA, Government of India also
organised a one-day international seminar on Tilapia Aquaculture and
Trade, the India Tilapia Summit 2014 in December 2014 in Andhra
Pradesh to popularise and promote Tilapia culture in the country.
For healthy and strong fish:

Active support and relief
of the immune system
High bonding power & inactivation of
pathogens/toxins in the intestinal lumen
Prebiotic effects on the microflora
in the intestine
Aqua Nor, 18-21 August 2015, Norway

Meet us in Trondheim: Hall F, Stand 568
Leiber GmbH
Hafenstrae 24
49565 Bramsche
Germany
Tel. +49 (0)5461 9303-0
Fax +49 (0)5461 9303-29
www.leibergmbh.de
info@leibergmbh.de
INDUSTRY EVENTS
EVENT LISTINGS
18 August 2015
GLOBALG.A.P. TOUR 2015 Stop Chile:

Aquaculture organized by DNV GL
www.tour2015.org
18-21 August 2015

Aqua Nor 2015
www.nor-fishing.no
20-25 September 2015
Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and

Feed Management Short Course
http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion
21 September 2015
Offshore Mariculture Conference Mexico

www.offshoremariculture.com/mexico
30 Sept - 01 Oct 2015
Taiwan international fisheries and seafood show 2015
ust a few months from now, top tech and

seafood will be exhibited, demonstrated,
explored and approved for production, all
under one roof.The Taiwan International Fisheries
& Seafood Show 2015 will set global trends in
fishery equipment and aquaculture.
The Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood
Show 2015 will excel in presenting a one-stop
top-to-bottom supply chain that is tightly
focused on hi-tech innovations and eco-friendly
features. All in one dedicated venue showcasing
the latest fishery equipment tech, services and
aquaculture innovations along with the latest
designs and techniques.
This winter, the expo is expecting more than
2300 visitors from various stores and outlets.
Taiwan-made fishery equipment and aquacul-
3rd NordicRAS Workshop on Recirculating

Aquaculture Systems
www.nordicras.net
14-16 October 2015
Aqua Fisheries Myanmar 2015

www.myanmar-aquafisheries.com
19-22 October 2015
AQUA 2015
www.cna-ecuador.com/aquaexpo/
20-23 October 2015
Aquaculture Europe 2015

www.easonline.org
27-29 October 2015

SEAFEX
www.seafexme.com
5-7 November 2015

Expo Pesca & Acuiperu
www.thaiscorp.com
tured seafood is known to excel in quality, creativity, sophistication and competitive pricing.
Or ganised by Taiwan Exter nal Tr ade
Development Council and Wesexpo, the Taiwan
International Fisheries & Seafood Show 2015
is a professional show that will feature fishery
equipment, aquaculture, seafood & value-added
seafood, and processing machiner y equipment.
The Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood
Show 2015 will take place at the Kaohsiung
Exhibition Centre from 19-21 November with
200 exhibitors, including a cross-strait and 3
international pavilions: Malaysia, Indonesia and
Vietnam.
It will feature leading exhibitors like Chunghwa
Telecom, Jong Shyn Shipbuilding, Shing Sheng
Fa Boat Building, Toford Plastics, Anko Food
Machine, and Sun Rise E&T, with products that
cover endeavours to usher in a fresh wave of
solutions to green concerns, innovations and
hi-tech.
Show events will include a procurement day,
seminar and workshops exploring the latest
trends in ocean fishery technology and energy
saving, electromechanical equipment, net cage
experiences, food safety and sustainable development.
With over 1600km of coastline and 70 islands,
Taiwan has one tenth of the worlds marine
species represented in its waters. The production value of Taiwans fishery industry reaches
US$3.3bn, in which ocean fishing ranks in the
worlds top three. Furthermore, Taiwan has successfully bred six out of seven of all artificially
propagated groupers on ear th. All of which
demonstrates Taiwans cutting edge technology
in fisheries and the aquaculture industry.
16-19 November 2015

Fenacam & Lacqua 2015
http://marevent.com
19-21 November 2015
Taiwan International Fisheries & Seafood Show

www.taiwanfishery.com
22-26 February 2016

Aquaculture 2016
www.was.org
25-26 May 2016
Aquaculture UK 2016
http://aquacultureuk.com
04-06 June 2016
LACQUA 2015
orld Aquaculture 2011 was one

of the most highly attended WAS
meetings ever. In 2015, WAS
will again team up with FENECAM 2015 for
LACQUA 2015, the Annual Meeting of the
LACC
Chapter and WAS Regional Meeting, SOUTH
AMERICAN REGIONAL AQUACULTURE
2015. This time, it will be held in Fortaleza, Brazil
andlocated in the midst of many kinds of aquaculture. In 2011, aquaculture in Brazil was doing
well, but now the aquaculture industry is doing

even better.
There is a lot of government suppor t for
expansion of aquaculture in Brazil.
For taleza will be the perfect place for the
world aquaculture community to assemble to
consider Science & Industry Joining Forces to
Meet Seafood Demands ". The program will
explore the many aspects of this topic as well
as addressing technical and practical changes in
aquaculture.
i i i i i i
i i
i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i i
i
i i
NEWS SERVICE
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
Aquaculturists
i i i i i i
i
i i
i i i i i i
i
i i
Find more event stories at the
i i i i i i
i i
i
FutureFish Eurasia 2016

www.future-fish.com
www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Precise and accurate analysis

of incoming raw materials
ensures high feed quality.
AMINONIR - fast and reliable
amino acid predictions save time
and money
The right raw materials from the
right supplier for the right price
animal-nutrition@evonik.com
www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition
0228_15_az_AMINO_NIR_190x132mm.indd 1
06.07.15 08:07
WORLDWIDE CALENDAR
2015 - 2018
VIV MEA 2016
FEBRUARI 16 - 18, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.
VIV ASIA 2017
MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND
VIV EUROPE 2018
JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS
VIV RUSSIA 2015
MAY 19 - 21, MOSCOW, RUSSIA
VIV TURKEY 2015
JUNE 11 - 13, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
WWW.VIV.NET
VIV CHINA 2016
SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA
INDUSTRY EVENTS
Aquaculture for healthy people,

planet and profit
by Roy Palmer
or World Aquaculture Society (WAS) events WA2015 Jeju, Korea

from 26-30th May 2015 was an absorbing and noteworthy break
from the norm. It was also regarded as successful with a total of
over 2400 participants representing 66 countries.
REVIEW
The sun shone on Jeju and everyone who attended learned much about
the history of Korea (especially unique cultural folk heritage of Jeju) and the
advancements that the country and the area has made in many areas, not
least of those being aquaculture.
The conference had 57 sessions and 510 oral presentations and attracted
280 poster presentations all housed with the Trade Show at the International
Convention Centre (ICC) located in the Jungmun Tourist Complex with
the cobalt-blue Northern Pacific stretching on the south and towering Mt.
Hallasan in the north. The ICC spreads over an area of more than 5,000,
and is a seven-story building. Jeju Island is not only Koreas most prestigious
destination and top honeymoon spot, but it has been the venue for several
political joint summit talks and other major international meetings.
There were 134 booths at the Trade Show covering both Korean and
international organisations plying their trade to the delegates and many others who attended the trade show following the successful AquaForum event
which aimed to attract farmers from the entire region.
Activities at AquaForum included specific topical industry sessions, facilitated workshops and round table discussions with simultaneous translations.
The focus of the session was targeted towards the most important industry
issues affecting key Asia Pacific aquaculture producing countries and a raft of
world-renowned experts were engaged.
It is a true Industry forum whereby timely topical and regionally relevant
sessions are tailored to enhance industrial representation and participation.
Session topics will include health, nutrition, and production systems of fish and
shrimp in freshwater and marine environment.
Whilst travel to Jeju is a trifle complicated everyone arriving was blown
away with how many tourists were attracted to the beautiful island. Its
extinct volcano with its peak jutting skyward at the centre and a broad, many
delegates considered gentle littoral all the way around as a challenging walk!
Jeju is, of course, designated by UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites
for its natural beauty and geographical value. There are bountiful forests and
ravines, fantastic rock formations and volcanic craters, and caves and grasslands that together paint a natural scene of breathtaking beauty. Sparkling seas
and tiny islets surround Jeju, with rocks scattering amidst sandy beaches to
create a magnificent view everywhere you look.
Jeju is unique in many ways so it combines modern aquaculture with
other important and relevant seafood history, education and entertainment.
Importantly Jeju is well known as a centre in Korea for the flatfish species of
Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
and the history with Abalone with the infamous wild fish diving women
through to current aquaculture farms. Jeju is actually much more than that as
far as aquaculture is concerned with some two thousand plus people engaged
in the industry on the island involved in all sectors including research, hatcheries, farms, feed mills, etc and covering a multitude of species covering eels, sea
cucumbers, fish from parrot fish to rainbow trout and tuna and shellfish from
shrimp to clams and oysters.
Additionally Jeju is home to a Future Aquaculture Research Centre and
besides having its own provincial government research activities also houses
INDUSTRY EVENTS
SUSTAINABLE
AQUACULTURE
SYSTEMS
WITH
PLYMOUTH
UNIVERSITY
Fortaleza, Brazil
Fortaleza - Brazil
Nov. 16-19, 2015
E
ENC
SC I
USTRY joining for

& IND
ces
to m
ee
ts
ea
fo
o
Do you want to understand

the challenges of developing
aquaculture as a means of
sustainable food supply? Do you
want to do this in an established
and renowned Masters
programme within a vibrant
and international postgraduate
community? You will develop
an in-depth understanding
of fish, shellfish and algal

production with an emphasis
on nutrition, feed management,
health, welfare and the need for
sustainable technologies. You
will gain skills hands-on with a
focussed aquaculture research
project and undertake technical
training from nutritional analyses
to microbiome sequencing.
Programme Lead: Dr Daniel Merrifield

More info: www.plymouth.ac.uk/courses
@plymouthbiol
+44 1752 585858
admissions@plymouth.ac.uk
School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth
University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA
More info on
www.was.org
MSc SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS
d
an
Be the future of food security
em
The World Aquaculture Society (WAS) has decided to hold

the Annual Latin American & Caribbean Chapter,
WAS meeting (Lacqua 2015) and the first Regional World
Aquaculture 2015 (RWA15) in Fortaleza, Brazil. The Associao
Brasileira de Criadores de Camaro (ABCC) has decided to work
with WAS/LACC to join LACQUA15/RWA15 with FENACAM 15 including the XII International Shrimp Farming Symposium and the VIII
International Aquaculture Symposium.
INDUSTRY EVENTS
important National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI)
activities as well as Jeju National University and home to Aqua Planet Jeju
which is the largest aquarium in all of Asia (Total Floor Area: 25,600m,
10,800 tons) reportedly approx. 11 times that of 63 Sea World. With approx.
48,000 animals and plants of around 500 species in exhibition.
There was an underplayed but special emphasis on women in aquaculture
at the event which ensured there was a stronger than normal female presence
at the event. With WAS having a stronger than usual female board, there was
an effort to link to the Jeju history of Haenyeo ("sea women", are female divers)
and that saw a female plenary speaker and 26 female Session Chairs.
The Opening Ceremony which typically covered many of the important
local protocols was followed by a generous and sumptuous buffet on the 5th
floor of the ICC with lots of opportunities for networking and superb views
over the ocean. Always a good start to a conference!
The Plenary introduced by Conference Co-Chairs Jay Parsons and S. K.
(Albert) Choi saw Chung Yeong-Hoon presenting on Status and Future of
Korean Aquaculture followed by Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted speaking
on How can Aquaculture Contribute to Healthy Diets of the Poor? and
concluded with Kangsen Mai presenting Aquaculture is the only way to meet
the Increasing Demand for Aquatic Products - the Example of China. This
was followed by the Student Spotlight.
Chung Yeong-Hoon is the Deputy Minister, Fisheries Policy Officer,
Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and he spoke of an impressive aquaculture
program for Korea. The main emphasis was on transitioning from being
production orientated to ecosystem aquaculture based on farm management systems being more concerned with environmental carrying capacities;
integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA); expansion of Biofloc technology
and recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS).
The four issues would be integral in the Korean Governments program
based on Space Innovation which would see these activities operate offshore,
in tidal flat aquaculture and a hybrid aquaculture island. This connected with
Technology Innovation and virtual aquaculture technology, fisheries seed
and vaccine development along with what was termed, Aquatic Life materials industry, and research and development activities would deliver stable
INDUSTRY EVENTS
production, increase in seafood exports, job creation in aquaculture industry,
securing intellectual property and loyalty and improved customer relationship
management.
The important background to all these efforts emphasised Chung YeongHoon will be reliant on species information and Big Data and he set out a
plan on how that will occur.
Senior Nutrition Scientist at WorldFish, Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted,
based in Bangladesh and has a background with the Department of Human
Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Her broad area of research
and expertise is food-based strategies for improved food and nutrition
security in low-income countries. She has carried out work in Bangladesh,
Cambodia, West Bengal and Nepal, together with government institutions,
universities and NGOs, focusing on the potential of nutrient-dense small fish
in combating and preventing vitamin and mineral deficiencies, in particular,
vitamin A, iron, zinc and calcium, especially in women and children. At the
WorldFish Centre, she has been developing and implementing the CGIAR
Mega Program 4: Agriculture for Improved Nutrition and Health.
In her presentation Dr Thilsted put a lot of emphasis on the aquaculture
industry getting a greater understanding of the importance of the healthy
nutritional products that they could create through aquaculture and the
importance of the industry to the poor.
Shakuntala has long been an advocate of the importance of the education
relating to the most important days of anyones life the one thousand days
from time of conception until the two-year-old birthday. During that time
getting the right nutrition is so important that it shapes the future of each
individual.
Explaining the underlying characteristics of a healthy diet for the poor,
Shakuntala accentuated the importance of fish and other aquatic foods
which are rich in several essential micronutrients. Highlighting work recently
achieved in Bangladesh, Dr Thilsted spoke about a range of fish based products which included fish chutney, complementary food and fish powder as
being successful in creating the ideal nutritional base to assist the poor.
Dr Thilsted hoped that the delegates could take away the message that
it should not all be about large scale aquaculture and monoculture but that
INDUSTRY EVENTS
small scale and a food systems approach was essential when dealing with
improving the opportunities for the poor. Additionally she underlined the
need to minimise waste and losses through the supply chains, the need for
good preservation and innovation in processing to deliver desirable, affordable micronutrient rich fish based products.
Additionally Shakuntala was a keynote speaker for the Seafood & Health
(GILLS) session at the event which primarily discussed the Recommendations
of the 2nd International Conference on Nutrition (see http://www.fao.
org/3/a-mm215e.pdf). As a result of this session WAS has agreed to establish
a Community of Practice (CoP) for Aquaculture Food Security & Nutrition
as it was clear that there many missing pieces to the full Aquaculture nutrition
story. The session also included Jillian Fry (John Hopkins Bloomberg School
of Public Health), Madan Dey (University of Arkansas) and WAS Director,
Roy Palmer.
The information relating to the CoPs will be posted on the WAS website
(www.was.org), and that will include information for anyone that is interested
in engaging.
Dr Kangsen Mai, Ocean University of China, is a Professor of aquaculture
nutrition based in Qingdao, China. He currently focuses on fish species native
to China and as a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering plays
a major role in shaping the countrys aquaculture policy. Additionally he is
Vice chairman of the China Society of Fisheries and committee member of
International Fish Nutrition and Feeding.
Kangsens current research topics are mainly on the nutritional physiology
and nutrient quantitative requirements of the representative mariculture
species in China, such as turbot, yellow croaker, seabass, and groupers. He is
particularly interested in the comparative studies on the protein metabolism
among carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fish, and the replacement
of fishmeal by alternative protein sources in their feeds.
In his presentation Dr Mai was very centred on a recent news story
which came from Science Journal (Jan 9th 2015) and a publication by Cao et
al which announced a sensational conclusion Chinas aquaculture sector is
destined to diminish wild fish stocks worldwide.
He continued stressing that opponents of aquaculture generally argue
SUBSCRIBE TODAY
Get 6 editions of International Aquafeed
magazine, and a copy of the International
Aquafeed Directory
Fine particle filtration in

aquaculture
Understanding ammonia
in aquaculture ponds
an update
Pellet distribution modelling:

New functional
fish feeds to reduce
cardiovascular disease
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 6 2 0 1 3 -
EXPERT TOPIC
Salmon
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 5 2 0 1 3 -
22/11/2013 14:38
IAF13.05.indd 1
S E P T E M B E R | O C TO B E R
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 4 2 0 1 3 -
13/09/2013 09:24
IAF13.04.indd 1
Profitable aquafeed
moisture control
in European aquafeeds
one of the key B vitamins for sustaining

healthy fish growth and production
EXPERT TOPIC
Ultraviolet
water disinfection for fish
farms and hatcheries
J U LY | A U G U S T
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 3 2 0 1 3 -
24/07/2013 14:33
Chicken viscera for fish

feed formulation
Nutritional benefits of
processed animal proteins
Niacin
as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia
channel catfish
N OV E M B E R | D E C E M B E R
Transforming aquaculture
production using
oxygenation systems
Controlling mycotoxins with

binders
Effect of probiotic,
Hydroyeast Aquaculture
AquaNor event review
a tool for improved feed delivery in sea cages
They are what they eat

Enhancing the nutritional value of live feeds
with microalgae
The potential of
microalgae meals
in compound feeds for aquaculture
IAF13.06.indd 1
Maintaining ingredient
quality in extruded feeds
Animal co-product
hydrolysates:
a source of key molecules in aquaculture
feeds
Prevalence of mycotoxins in
aquafeed ingredients:
IAF13.03.indd 1
M AY | J U N E
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 2 2 0 1 3 -
13/05/2013 16:03
Spray-dried plasma
Bioenergetics
IAF13.02.indd 1
application in aquaculture nutrition
from porcine blood in diets for Atlantic

salmon parrs
Towards aquafeeds with

increased food security
The shrimp feed industry in China

an overview
MARCH | APRIL
VO L U M E 1 6 I S S U E 1 2 0 1 3 -
04/04/2013 16:17
IAF13.01.indd 1
JA N UA RY | F E B R UA RY
23/01/2013 10:51
One year subscription only

69 / 84 / US$114
Subscribe at:
Available in:
English
Spanish
Chinese
www.aquafeed.co.uk
Or contact our circulation manager, Tuti Tan on:
+44 1242 267700 Email:tutit@aquafeed.co.uk
Next Stop: Puerto Varas, Chile

18 August 2015
organized with DNV GL
#GGTOUR2015 | www.tour2015.org

IAF_subscribe90x132.indd 1
22/05/2015 11:45
INDUSTRY EVENTS
that the industry threatens food safety, results in environmental pollution and
depletes wild fishery stocks. He said they have the opinion that aquaculture
should be stopped or only extensive farming should be allowed to continue.
Dr Mai said, Obviously their views are extreme and they lack global vision
and long term considerations and seem to forget about the increasing global
population and income.
From here Kangsen gave a powerful history of the move from hunter-gatherer
to domestication and farming the inevitable choice for human society development. Additionally based on FAO 2014 figures he highlighted the fallacy of the
Science Journal article by showing that Chinas capture per capita is only 9.5kgs
whereas world average is 11.3 kgs and China has the second lowest when compared with the worlds top 18 countries of fisheries.
Additionally he highlighted that in general, China does not aquaculture
carnivorous fish with at least 50 percent of the Chinese aquaculture industry
not depending on Aquafeed as they use natural productivity. Even on the
utilisation of fishmeal Dr Mai presented information showing that China had
achieved over the last 15 years massive gains due to technology driven by the
high prices required. He accentuated that China was actually an absolute net
fish producer with a low ratio of fish in/fish out.
To add to his points he mentioned that one of the worlds most influential
thinkers, Lester R. Brown, had recently said The world may not realise how
great Chinas contribution to Aquaculture is at this time. Aquaculture is the
most efficient technology of animal production, based on FCE in animal farming (2-7 times higher than land animals).
The rapid growth of aquaculture in China has not only contributed to
improved food supply (1/3 food protein from fishes) but has also generated
employment and income to the Chinese people. About 4.3 million rural
workers are directly employed in aquaculture. In 2012 total seafood exports
from China was US$ 18.98 billion accounting for 30 percent of the total agricultural exports. Aquaculture not only raised the fish consumption per capita
in China from 9.5kgs (wild capture) to 36.6kgs in 2013, but also in the world,
exporting 4 million MT more than importing, said Dr Mai.
All of these plenaries created a strong platform for the conference which
delivered on many facets for all engaged.
22nd Annual Practical Short Course on
Aquaculture Feed Extrusion,

Nutrition, & Feed Management
September 20-25, 2015
AE2015 JOIN US IN THE NETHERLANDS
o discussion and live equipment demonstrations

following lectures on four major types of extruders
Images courtesy of Rotterdam Marketing, the Dutch Mussel Promotion Board and Holland Aqua B.V.
o 30+ lectures over a wide

variety of aquaculture
industry topics
o one-on-one interaction with
qualified industry experts
o at the internationally
recognized Food Protein
Hands-On Experience
R&D Center on the campus
of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas
o various shaping dies (sinking, floating, high fat),
coating (surface vs vacuum), nutrition, feed
formulation, and MUCH MORE!
For more information, visit

http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion
Extruding Aquaculture Feeds
or contact
Dr. Mian N. Riaz
mnriaz@tamu.edu
979-845-2774
easonline.org
Organised by the European Aquaculture Society in cooperation
with IMARES Wageningen UR
AE2015 Gold
Sponsor
VAV
+31 71 4023701
www.vav.nl
Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed
Directory (published by Turret Group)
Elevator & Conveyor Components

4B Braime
+44 113 246 1800
www.go4b.com
Enzymes
Additives
Chemoforma
+41 61 8113355
www.chemoforma.com
www.evonik.com
JEFO
+1 450 799 2000
www.jefo.com
Equipment for sale
GMP+ International
ExtruTech Inc
+31703074120
www.liptosa.com
www.sonac.biz
www.abvista.com
Westeel
Certification
+34 902 157711
+31 499 364800
+44 1672 517 650
www.tsc-silos.com
www.westeel.com
Liptosa
Sonac
Ab Vista
+31 543 473979
+1 204 233 7133
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
TSC Silos
+1 785 284 2153
www.gmpplus.org
Conveyors
www.extru-techinc.com
Event organisers
Vigan Enginnering
VIV
+32 67 89 50 41
Analysis
R-Biopharm
+44 141 945 2924
www.r-biopharm.com
Colour sorters
Bhler AG
Romer Labs
+41 71 955 11 11
+43 2272 6153310
www.buhlergroup.com
www.romerlabs.com
Amino acids
Evonik
+49 618 1596785
www.evonik.com
+31 30 295 2772
www.vigan.com
www.viv.net
Extruders
Almex
+31 575 572666
www.almex.nl
Satake
+81 82 420 8560
Amandus Kahl
www.satake-group.com
+49 40 727 710
Computer software
www.akahl.de
Adifo NV
Andritz
+32 50 303 211
+45 72 160300
Cenzone
www.adifo.com
www.andritz.com
+1 760 736 9901
Format International Ltd
www.cenzone.com
Brabender
+44 1483 726081
+49 203 7788 0
www.formatinternational.com
www.brabender.com
Animal Health & Nutrition
Bags
Mondi Group
Colour sorters
Buhler AG
+43 1 79013 4917
SEA S.r.l.
www.mondigroup.com
+41 71 955 11 11
+39 054 2361423
www.buhlergroup.com
Bin dischargers
Denis
+33 2 37 97 66 11
www.denis.fr
Bulk storage
www.seasort.com
Coolers & driers

Consergra s.l
+34 938 772207
www.consergra.com
Bentall Rowlands
FrigorTec GmbH
+44 1724 282828
+49 7520 91482-0
www.bentallrowlands.com
www.frigortec.com
Chief Industries UK Ltd
Geelen Counterflow
+44 1621 868944
+31 475 592315
www.chief.co.uk
www.geelencounterflow.com
Croston Engineering
Muyang Group
+44 1829 741119
+86 514 87848880
www.croston-engineering.co.uk
www.muyang.com
Silo Construction Engineers

+32 51723128
www.sce.be
Elevator buckets
Alapala
Coperion GmbH
+49 711 897 0
www.coperion.com
Dinnissen BV
+31 77 467 3555
www.dinnissen.nl
Insta-Pro International
+1 515 254 1260
www.insta-pro.com
Ottevanger
+31 79 593 22 21
www.ottevanger.com
Wenger Manufacturing
+1 785-284-2133
www.wenger.com
+90 212 465 60 40
Zheng Chang
Silos Cordoba
www.alapala.com
+86 21 64188282
+34 957 325 165
Tapco Inc
www.siloscordoba.com
+1 314 739 9191
Symaga
www.tapcoinc.com
+34 91 726 43 04
STIF
www.symaga.com
+33 2 41 72 16 80
www.stifnet.com
www.zhengchang.com
Palletisers
Feed
Aller Aqua
+45 70 22 19 10
www.aller-aqua.com
SPAROS
Tel.: +351 249 435 145
Website: www.sparos.pt
Wynveen International B.V.
Obial
+90 382 2662120
Ehcolo A/S
+45 75 398411
www.obial.com.tr
www.ehcolo.com
MYSILO
PAYPER, S.A.
+90 382 266 2245
+34 973 21 60 40
www.mysilo.com
www.payper.com
Muyang
Pellet binders
+86 514 87848880

www.muyang.com
Akzo Nobel
+31 26 47 90 699
+46 303 850 00
www.wynveen.com
Symaga
www.bredol.com
Hatchery products
+34 91 726 43 04
Borregaard LignoTech
Reed Mariculture
www.symaga.com
+47 69 11 80 00
+1 877 732 3276
www.lignotechfeed.com
Tornum AB
www.reed-mariculture.com
PellTech
+46 512 29100
+47 69 11 80 00
www.tornum.com
Laboratory equipment
Bastak
+90 312 395 67 87
www.pelltech.org
Pest control
www.bastak.com.tr
Level measurement
BinMaster Level Controls
+1 402 434 9102
Sensors
Aqualabo
Rentokil Pest Control
+33 2 97 89 25 30
+44 0800 917 1987
www.aqualabo.fr
www.rentokil.co.uk
Agromatic
Pipe systems
+41 55 2562100
Jacob Sohne
www.binmaster.com
www.agromatic.com
+49 571 9580

FineTek Co., Ltd
+886 2226 96789
www.fine-tek.com
+45 721 755 55

www.dol-sensors.com
Andritz
Vega
Dol Sensors
www.jacob-pipesystems.eu
Used around
all industrial
Plants
sectors.
Fr. Jacob Shne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany

Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu
Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45
+44 1444 870055
Shrimp feed additives
72 160300
Dishman
www.andritz.com
www.vega.com/uk
+31 318 545 754

www.dishman-netherlands.com
Buhler AG
Moisture analyzers
+41 71 955 11 11
www.buhlergroup.com
CHOPIN Technologies
Training
Aqua TT
+33 14 1475045
FAMSUN
+353 1 644 9008
www.chopin.fr
+86 514 87848880
www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services
Doescher & Doescher GmbH

+49 4087976770
www.muyang.com
Probiotics
www.doescher.com
www.hydronix.com
Vacuum
Rolls
www.seedburo.com
Leonhard Brietenbach
Wynveen International B.V.
+49 271 3758 0
+31 26 47 90 699
www.breitenbach.de
www.wynveen.com
OJ Hojtryk
NIR systems
+45 7514 2255
NIR-Online
www.oj-hojtryk.dk
Safety equipment
Rembe
Packaging
+49 2961 740 50

CB Packaging
+44 7805 092067
www.cbpackaging.com
www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk
www.biomin.net
+1 312 738 3700
www.nir-online.de
+44 1635 579516
+43 2782 803 0
Seedburo
+49 6227 732668
Ridgeway Biologicals
Biomin
Hydronix
+44 1483 468900
Vaccines
www.rembe.com
Second hand equipment
Weighing equipment
Parkerfarm Weighing Systems
+44 1246 456729
www.parkerfarm.com
Yeast products
Leiber GmbH
+49 5461 93030
www.leibergmbh.de
Mondi Group
Sanderson Weatherall
Phileo (Lesaffre animal care)
+43 1 79013 4917
+44 161 259 7054
+33 3 20 81 61 00
www.mondigroup.com
www.sw.co.uk
www.lesaffre.fr
Ugur Makina
+90 (364) 235 00 26
www.ugurmakina.com
Silos
Kepler Weber Group
+55 11 4873-0300
www.kepler.com.br
To include your company in the

International Aquafeed market place in
print, and a company page on our website
contact Tom Blacker.
+44 1242 267700 tomb@perendale.co.uk
The aquafeed
interview
Liv Holmefjord has been Director General of Fisheries in Norway since 2008. The Directorate of Fisheries is an advisory and executive
body in matters relating to fishing and management of aquaculture. Her main tasks involve regulation, guidance, supervision, resource
management and control. She is also Chair of the Nor Fishing Foundation - an organisation established in 1992 by the Norwegian
Ministry of Fisheries, which today has the right and responsibility to hold the Norwegian International fisheries exhibition, Nor Fishing
and Aqua Nor (held between 18 - 21 August, 2015). Following her father and grandfather who were fishermen, she has spent most of
her career in the seafood sector. She was educated at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Admin.
Can you tell us a little bit about the origins

of Aqua Nor and how it has developed?
Regarding the origins of Aqua Nor there had been fisheries

exhibitions in Trondheim (under the name Nor-Fishing) for
several decades before the aquaculture conference in 1979
and the first proper Aqua Nor in In 1981. Since then, Aqua
Nor has been established as a bi-annual event concentrating
on aquaculture. The exhibition has a 30-year long history
and brings together a wide range of people, from local
entrepreneurs to scientists and is a key point for the exchange
of knowledge in the industry. It has grown rapidly, and is very
different from its first early stages in the 70s. The structure of
the industry has also changed: companies that exhibited used
to be locally owned; now some of these large companies are
listed on the stock exchange. Aqua Nor has developed along
with the industry, and also the number of visitors has increased
significantly.
There is a new A1 hall that has been added

for 2015. What does this signify with
regards to the growth of Aqua Nor and
the aquaculture industry in general?
There are in fact a couple of new halls: A1 and A2. There has
not only been an increase in exhibitors, but also in the number
of those who wish to increase the size of their stand. The
exhibition is now fully occupied and there is a long waiting list
of exhibitors who wish to participate. The area that is covered
is now the largest ever. This signifies a sense of optimism in
the industry, but also dynamic development and the sharing of
knowledge amongst the industry, scientists, researchers, public
authorities, and local communities.
Technology evolves quickly. What can visitors

look forward to in the advanced fish farming
technology show being held this year?
Hopefully a lot! The Aqua Nor exhibition is where all the fields
of technology, processes and services related to the farming of
salmon as well as other species of fish and shellfish etc. are on
display, and experts from all over the world get together to
exchange experiences and learn about innovations.
A key example of Aqua Nors commitment to technology is
the innovation award. This year we received 17 applications.
The three finalists that were selected have developed new and
exciting solutions. The Board of Directors of the Nor-Fishing
Foundation will discuss the proposed winners in a meeting
on Monday 17 August, and the Innovation Award - consisting
of NOK100, 000 and a diploma - will be presented to the
winner during the Festive Evening in Trondheim at the Scandic
Nidelven Hotel on Tuesday 18 August.
However, it is important to mention that it is not just
technology that will be showcased. Different services and
scientific solutions will also be showcased, coupled with
discussions; numerous seminars, mini conferences and
presentations will be held on various subjects.
Aqua Nor clearly also has a wide international

reach and a strong focus on internationalism;
examples of such are the Travel Award and
the link with Aqua Sur in Latin America. Can
you tell us a little about these things?
With the need to increase global food production, aquaculture

has to be an important part of this. Our specialty in Norway
is farmed salmon, and the Nor Fishing foundation is quite
convinced we have a lot to learn from other countries.
The Travel Award was introduced in 2013 when we hosted
a visitor from Pakistan. We are currently in the process of
deciding who will be coming this year. The basis is for someone
to come and learn about aquaculture and to make contact
with experts; in return, we hope they will spread the word
about Aqua Nor when they go back to their country. We are
privileged in many ways in Norway and we try to contribute to
sustainable aquaculture in other nations.
We have cooperated with Aqua Sur for a long time. Atlantic
salmon is the main farmed species in both Chile and Norway so
there is a lot of synergy between the two countries.
How many visitors and exhibitors are

expected to attend this year?
We are expecting 500 exhibitors from 27 countries and hope

for 20,000 visitors - making this the biggest Aqua Nor yet. We
hope to build upon our experience making this an important
place to be. Aqua Nor is not only an exhibition, it is a meeting
place for those involved in the industry from other countries,
delegates and government authorities. There are also organised
excursions on offer too. Students from Trondheim and the
rest of Norway are invited to visit Aqua Nor free of charge on
Friday 21st August 2015 to explore the opportunities offered
by exhibitors and the aquaculture industry.
Why is Norway well positioned to hold

an international aquaculture event?
Norway is a large seafood producer, both for wild-caught

fish and aquaculture. This is a science-based industry and our
cooperation between science, government and industry means
that we have something to offer the rest of the world, but we
can also learn from other countries. We have a long coastline in
Norway; seafood is an incredibly important industry, alongside
oil and gas. Seafood is the second largest export industry in
Norway. Norway is the second largest exporter of seafood in
the world after China.
Trondheim itself has an attractive waterfront with harbour
facilities. Skansen, which is only five minutes walk from the
exhibition halls, offers the possibility of exhibiting full scale
floating equipment and vessels in their right element.
An extended version of this interview can

be found on the Aquaculturists blog.
AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY FACES
Nutriad strengthens aquaculture team in Asia

uropean feed additives manufacturer Nutriad has appointed Mr Ho Gim Chong as Commercial/
Technical Manager Aquaculture SE Asia to reinforce its team of aqua experts in the region. Regional
aquaculture specialists are an integral part of our strategy to expand our footprint in the key aquaculture
markets globally and particularly in SE Asia, says Dr Peter Coutteau, Business Unit Manager Aquaculture
for Nutriad.
Aquaculture is expanding extremely fast and maturing from a young, pioneering activity into a more professional, consolidated industry. On that path, aquaculture producers are facing big challenges in terms of feed cost
efficiency and disease prevention."
The experience in supporting aquaculture farms as well as the veterinary expertise of Gim Chong will further enrich our aqua
team in Asia Pacific where health issues have become top priority for almost all aquaculture species, says Allen Wu, Nutriads Regional
Manager Aquaculture for Asia Pacific.
Ho Gim Chong holds a degree in Biology specialized in Molecular Biology and Genetics from the University of Putra, Malaysia,
and completed a Master degree in Parasitology, Molecular Biology and Zoonotic Epidemiology. He worked previously as Lecturer/
Researcher in Veterinary Parasitology at the University of Putra Malaysia, and has consulting experience in aquaculture farms in SE Asia.
Dr Ingrid Lupatsch joins AB Agri Ltd as Aqua Nutrition Manager

eading researcher Dr Ingrid Lupatsch has for many years been focused in the field of aquatic nutrition
for a wide variety of fish species as well as shrimps, sea urchins and abalone. Her emphasis in her studies
and commercial interests has been bioenergetics, quantification of dietary energy and protein needs,
digestibility, feed formulation and improvement of feeding systems and waste remediation in the sector.
Further research encompasses evaluation of nutritive efficacy of sustainable feed ingredients including plant
proteins, animal by-products as well as algal biomass and it is this specific interest, which has drawn her to join
the entrepreneurial team at AB Agri.
Ingrid joins an embryonic business with great aspirations. Created with the sole aim of researching, developing and delivering new
protein technologies to the aqua sector the business recognises the unsustainable dilemma of our reliance on soya and fishmeal as
core protein feeds.
The business will, with Ingrids help, develop a range of products which will provide new and sustainable opportunities for improving
aqua feed performance, with materials that offer superior provenance and value.
Ingrids background will prove invaluable to the AB Agri team, in previous roles she has acted as a consultant to feed manufacturers
and fish growers advising them on how to best optimise commercial feed and feed management. Commercial Director of the new
business - Neil Geddes commented, We know Ingrid will be able to add great value to our future customers businesses as well as
our own business, she is unique in her field and a great asset to the industry overall.
VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific announces new General Manager
r Nino Gruettke, Managing Director of VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific, has announced the
appointment of the new General Manager, Mrs Kanya Viravan. Mrs Viravan succeeds
Mrs Ladda Mongkolchaivivat, who became the Executive Vice President - Marketing of
NCC Group.
Prior to this post, Mrs Viravan was the Assistant Vice President - Sales at Asset World Leisure and TCC Hotel
Group for the past 11 years. She brings a wealth of experience in hotel sales, marketing and leadership. She also
played an important role in international key trade accounts and trade fairs.
Mr Gruettke and Mrs Viravan will work hand in hand to enhance VNU's market presence and to further develop positive exhibition and
conference results - in particular in the agri-food business and in the laboratory equipment industry.
"I am pleased to announce the appointment of Mrs Kanya Viravan. Kanya's profound experience and in-depth knowledge of hospitality, sales,
and international management will strengthen our leading position in the industry," Mr Gruettke said.
"I am very glad to join VNU Exhibitions Asia Pacific. My new role is an exciting challenge and I am looking forward to expanding our network
and corporations to new industries and to growing our business," said Mrs Viravan.
Allen Wu elected as Board Director of World Aquaculture

Society Asia Pacific Chapter
Mr Allen (Ming-Hsun) Wu, Nutriad Regional Manager Aquaculture Asia Pacific, and Dr S Felix, Tamilnadu
Fisheries University, India won the recent 2015 WAS APC Board elections. The World Aquaculture Society
was founded in 1969 in the USA and has grown to more than 3000 members in about 100 countries
representing the global aquaculture community. WAS has created Chapters in the United States, Japan,
Korea, Latin American and Caribbean region and the Asian-Pacific region. The Asia Pacific Chapter (APC)
is part of an international network of Professionals who contribute to the progressive and sustainable development of aquaculture
throughout the world.
Mr Allen Wu has been an active member of WAS since 2002 and a member of the industry relationship committee since 2012. He also
served as a member of the steering committee of Asia-Pacific Aquaculture 2013 and participated actively in World Aquaculture and AsianPacific Aquaculture conferences in the region. He was the judge of student presentations at World Aquaculture Adelaide 2014 and was invited
as session chair of World Aquaculture 2015.
Mr Wu has years of experience in communication between the aquaculture industry and the academic sector. Mr Wu commented, It is
my pleasure to serve as an industry representative to WAS-APC board, to highlight what our industry really needs and dedicate time to this
prestigious society to grow.
DL-Methionine for Aquaculture

The best choice for your aqua feed.
DL-Methionine for Aquaculture plays a central role in
ensuring balanced nutrition and optimal growth of various
fish species. Maximize your feed efficiency with our services
AMINODat Aqua and AMINOCarp.
DL-Methionine
for Aquaculture
animal-nutrition@evonik.com
www.evonik.com/animal-nutrition

International Aquafeed - July - August 2015 FULL EDITION

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

International Aquafeed - July - August 2015 FULL EDITION

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

I N C O R P O R AT I N G

WA 2015 Jeju review

John Cooksey and

Editorial Advisory Panel

Circulation & Events Manager

3-15 INDUSTRY NEWS

Aquaculture takes centre stage at

India - aqua feeds and feeding

Advanced lessons in economics

Aquaculture in Ghana - Alternative

Aquaculture in Ghana Commercial floating feeds for pond

Lecithin as a rich energy source

Aquaculture industry - a profile of

International marketing team (UK)

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Professor Simon Davies

am now entering my 30th year in academia and quite

great strides in the formulation of more refined diets based

Meet the Aquafeed team at upcoming international events

18-21 August 2015

20-23 October 2015

t is summer. It is this blessed time of the year when

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

Responsible Feed Have Your Say

essential element in any farming

When you feed with Aller Gold

the Winter Edition)

Workshop Bangkok http://

THE REMBRANDT HOTEL BANGKOK

Workshop Ho Chi Minh City

PRESIDENTE SUITES SANTIAGO

under taken. Individual feedback

Aller gold trials show excellent feed

Interest in the responsible use

from June 30th until September

n trials carried out on an independent Danish fish farm under

were not disappointed. FCR was

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

Ten heads and ten tails:

ach year, I have the chance to supervise many

Number crunching Norway

"As a PhD student at the University of Guelph

July-August 2015 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

Scottish Sea Farms, BioMar, and

demics leading wrasse research

eries and aquaculture womens

addressed. Since the elaboration

Wrasse project offers production boost

First woman of the

6 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2015

Aquaculture empowers women

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture

A regular look inside

Growing number of ASC accredited auditors

Skretting: Marketing manager

Feedback on ASC's operational

wF Director, John Forster, pointed out

According to US Aid, Researchers intend to

Added value of Early Warning

ost of the feed and food safety assurance systems are

Figure 1: Number of EWS notifications in 2011 2014

Get more daily industry news at the