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Shock Wave Based Biolistic Device for DNA and Drug Delivery
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2008 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47 1522
(http://iopscience.iop.org/1347-4065/47/3R/1522)
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Shock Wave Based Biolistic Device for DNA and Drug Delivery
Mutsumi N AKADA, Viren M ENEZES1 , Akira KANNO, S. Hamid R. H OSSEINI2 , and Kazuyoshi TAKAYAMA3
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
1
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India
2
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 1705 N.E. Pacic St., Box 355061, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A.
3
Biomedical Engineering Research Organization (TUBERO), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0872, Japan
(Received September 18, 2007; accepted December 3, 2007; published online March 14, 2008)
A shock wave assisted biolistic (biological ballistic) device has been developed to deliver DNA/drug-coated micro-projectiles
into soft living targets. The device consists of an Nd:YAG laser, an optical setup to focus the laser beam and, a thin aluminum
(Al) foil (typically 100 mm thick) which is a launch pad for the micro-projectiles. The DNA/drug-coated micro-particles to be
delivered are deposited on the anterior surface of the foil and the posterior surface of the foil is ablated using the laser beam
with an energy density of about 32 109 W/cm2 . The ablation launches a shock wave through the foil that imparts an impulse
to the foil surface, due to which the deposited particles accelerate and acquire sucient momentum to penetrate soft targets.
The device has been tested for particle delivery by delivering 1 mm size tungsten particles into liver tissues of experimental
rats and in vitro test models made of gelatin. The penetration depths of about 90 and 800 mm have been observed in the liver
and gelatin targets, respectively. The device has been tested for in vivo DNA [encoding -glucuronidase (GUS) gene] transfer
by delivering plasmid DNA-coated, 1-mm size gold (Au) particles into onion scale, tobacco leaf and soybean seed cells. The
GUS activity was detected in the onion, tobacco and soybean cells after the DNA delivery. The present device is totally nonintrusive in nature and has a potential to get miniaturized to suit the existing medical procedures for DNA and/or drug
delivery. [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.47.1522]
KEYWORDS: shock wave, laser ablation, biolistic, DNA/drug delivery, gene expression
1.
Introduction
(a)
(b)
Fig. 1. (Color online) (a) Schematic of the bench-top prototype of the
device. (b) The device physics; 1: Lens. 2: Laser beam. 3: Glass overlay.
4: Foil. 5: Target. 6: Particles. 7: Shock wave. 8: Conned ablation.
9: Expansion wave. 10: Micro-crater due to ablation.
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(b)
(c)
(a)
Fig. 2. (Color online) (a) Acceleration of micro-particles from the launch pad on shock wave loading, visualized using a high-speed
video camera, at an interframe (time dierence between two frames) of 1 ms. The frame-sequence is from left to right. Laser peak
power was 0.25 GW. 100-mm-thick Al foil was used as the launch pad for 1 mm size tungsten particles that were about 500 mg in
quantity, which is a higher than the usual quantity of particles that was used to facilitate the process of visualization. Ablation spot
diameter on the foil was 4 mm. Legend: S, Transmitted shock wave; P, Particle cloud. Scale bar (horizontal line in the top-left
corner of rst frame): 5 mm. (b) Enlarged view of frame No. 5, showing transmitted shock waves. (c) Schematic describing the
photographs of the particle launch.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 4. (Color online) (a) A 3% gelatin test model with penetrated 1 mm
size tungsten particles. (b) Micro-sections of the rat liver tissues with
penetrated 1 mm size tungsten particles. Scale bar: 50 mm. (c) Experimentally observed particle penetration depths in 3% gelatin and Rat
liver.
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(b)
(a)
(c)
Fig. 5. (Color online) Bombarded plant cells showing GUS expression. (a) The onion block. Scale bar: 500 mm. (b) The tobacco leaf
disc. Scale bar: 100 mm. (c) The soybean seed. Arrows indicate transformed cells. Scale bar: 100 mm.
(b)
Fig. 6. (Color online) (a) Transfection eciency of the device. The plot
is the average of 4 onion scale samples. 4.5 mg of DNA was used for each
shot. Transformed cells were counted per square millimeter area on the
target. (b) Sections of onion scales indicating the depth of gene
expression in the target. The horizontal lines are the scale bars and are
1 mm in length. The vertical lines indicate the depth of blue spots from
the edge of the sections.
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