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++22 00110088443300991199
Before we start in Drive test we will make a fast revision on GSM basics.
GSM Structure:
SS
AUC
PLMN
ISDN
HLR
SMSC-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
SC
GWMSC
PSTN
MIN
DTI
EIR
MSC/VLR
BGW
BSS
SGSN
BSC/TRC
GPRS
Air I/f
OSS
MS
BTS
The Mobile Station is the interface between the user and the network.
The MS consists of two independent parts:
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card
Mobile equipment (ME).
A BTS acts as the interface between MSs and the network, by providing radio
coverage functions from their antennae to provide the coverage area for one
cell.
Converts the GSM radio signals into a format that can be recognized by the BSC
The BSC is the central node within a BSS and co-ordinates the actions of Base
Stations. The BSC controls a major part of the radio network
The primary node in a GSM network is the MSC. It is the node, which controls
calls both to MSs and from MSs.
The primary functions of an MSC include the following:
Switching and call routing to or from MS.
Charging.
Service provisioning.
Control of connected BSCs.
Direct access to Internet services.
For example, if a person connected to the PSTN wants to make a call to a GSM
mobile subscriber, then the PSTN exchange will access the GSM network by first
connecting the call to a GMSC
The HLR is a centralized network database that stores and manages all mobile
subscriptions belonging to a specific operator.
Supplementary services.
Current location.
Allowed/barred services.
Authentication data.
The role of a VLR in a GSM network is to act as a temporary storage location for
subscription information for MSs, which are within a particular MSC service
area.
Thus, there is one VLR for each MSC service area. This means that the MSC
does not have to contact the HLR (which may be located in another country)
every time the subscriber uses a service or changes its status.
For the duration when the MS is within one MSC service area, then the VLR
contains a complete copy of the necessary subscription details, including the
following information:
Identity numbers for the subscriber
Supplementary service information (e.g. Does the subscriber has call
waiting activated or not)
Activity of MS (e.g. idle or busy)
Current Location Area of MS
To protect GSM systems, the following security functions have been defined:
Subscriber authentication: by performing authentication, the network
ensures that no unauthorized users can access the network, including
those that are attempting to impersonate others.
Traffic Channel
Carries either encoded speech or user data up and down link between a single
mobile and a single BTS.
Control Channels
These are used to carry signaling or synchronization data. They are divided into
three types:
Broadcast Channels (BCH)
Common Control Channels (CCCH)
Dedicated Control Channels (DCCHs)
Site Types:
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Antenna Tilting:
Direction of the antenna vertical beam.
Types of tilting:
No Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed towards the horizon.
Down Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed lower the horizon.
Up Tilt: The vertical beam of the antenna is directed above the horizon.
Types of Tilting:
Mechanical Tilting : tilting the physical body of the antenna
Electrical Tilting: change the phase of the current fed the internal
dipoles which will result in tilting the main beam.
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EX:
Electrical tilt = 2
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( )Drive test
??Who is drive tester
( )Tools
( )Drive tester
( )Tools . Network performance and problems
TOOLS
Laptop.
GPS
) ( TEMS software
( () Dongle (Tems license
)Mobile (Support TEMS
Cables
Inverter
1234567-
( )TEMS
) (Cell file .
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TEMS
TEMS
2G 3G 2G
.
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Serving cell
Neighbor cells
ARFCN :
Ex: Freq 980.2 ---- ARFCN = 1
Freq 980.4 ---- ARFCN=2
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Ranges (Legend):
Ranges
Color
Grade
-10
-65
>
>
-65
-75
Excellent
Very good
-75
>
-85
Good
-85
>
-95
Accepted
-95
>
-115
Bad
Cell Select C1
C1 = (Received SS - ACCmin)-max (CCHPWR P, 0).
ACCmin: (Access minimum) Minimum allowed Received DL SS at the MS to access the
network.
CCHPWR: (Common channel power) Maximum allowed power by the MS in the
Uplink.
P: Maximum output power by the MS according to its class
:
ACCmin, CCHPWR are parameters sent to the MS at the BCCH.
: Serving cell
Parameter
Reselect to another cell
C2 = C1 CRO
CRO: Cell Reselection Offset
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C1 , Cells CRO
. C2
C31, C32: GPRS signal strength Threshold in both Packet idle and packet dedicated.
MNC: Mobile network Code (01 > Mobinil, 02 > Vodafone, 03 > Etisalat)
LAC: Location Area code
CI: Cell Identity
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BCCH Carrier
T T T T T T T T
TCH Carrier
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20
Color
Grade
>
Excellent
>
Good
>
Bad
>
Very bad
Color
Grade
-20
>
Very bad
>
Bad
>
18
Good
18
>
30
Excellent
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Color
Grade
>
Very bad
>
15
Accepted
15
>
30
Good
Interference >>>> bad C/I >>>> Bad Rx qual >>>> Bad SQI.
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Type:
SC: idle mode
AS: dedicated mode
MN: Monitoring neighbor.
DN: Detected neighbor.
MN , DN
Neighbor MN cell .
Hand over
hand over DN Cell
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Color
Grade
Excellent
Very good
Good
Accepted
Bad
Ec/No: The Primary Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) received Energy per Chip (Ec) to
Noise (No) ratio.
Used to measure the received quality of the Primary Common Pilot Channel
(CPICH).
Ranges (Legend):
Ranges
0 > -8
-8 > -10
Color
Grade
Excellent
Very good
-10 >
-12
Accepted
-12 >
-14
Bad
-14 >
-24
Very bad
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2- HSDPA analysis :
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Relationship among the CQI reported by UE, pilot Ec/Io, and throughput rate:
9 > CQI
15 > CQI 9
CQI 15
Subscribers' feeling
Poor
Fair
Good
0320 kpbs
Ec/Io
> 15dB
15dB to 9dB
9dB
Ec/No , Ec/Io
No: Noise power (thermal noise, interference, external )
Io: Interference noise only (Not practical).
DSCH throughput: Throughput by Kb/s
Or by DU Meter software
2G , 3G Windows
: windows
Events:
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It includes events such as: Call attempt, call established, call end, handover,
dropped call, and blocked call
Layer 3 messages:
It includes Uplink and Down link messages between the MS and the Network.
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: presentation .
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. MAP
Map
MAP Cell file
Layers Pinpoint layer coverage layer..........
:
1- Make Geoset map
2- Load Geoset on Map
3- Load cell file
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:: tab file
:: Layer Layer
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33
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General
>>>
Configuration
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: Connect
: Connect
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Equipment properties:
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Band control
900
900E
1800
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