CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

PAPER 1
xy

1.

( 8, k )
x

0
Diagram 1
Diagram 1 shows part of a straight line graph drawn to represent y
and n.

2.

10
1. Find the values of k
x
[4 marks]

log10 y
( 3,9 )

( 7,1)
log10 x

0
Diagram 2

Diagram 2 shows part of a straight line graph drawn to represent y = 10kxn, where k and n are
constants. Find the values of k and n.
[4 marks]

78

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

y
x

3.

FORM 5

12, 7

1
x

(2 , - 3 )
Diagram 3

Diagram 3 shows that the variables x and y are related in such away that when

y
is plotted
x

1
, a straight line that passes through the points (12 , 7 ) and (2 , - 3 ) is obtained .
x
Express y in terms of x.
[3 marks]

against

4.

log10 y

Diagram 4

( 5 , -7 )

Diagram 4 shows part of the graph of log10 y against x. The variables x and y are related by the
a
equation y x where a and b are constants. Find the values of a and b.
b
[4 marks ]

79

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

log10 y
5.
2

Diagram 5
Diagram 5 shows part of the graph of log10 y against x. The variables x and y are related by the
equation y = a (10bx) where a and b are constants. Find the values of a and b.
[3 marks]

6.

log10 y
2

-4

log10 x

Diagram 6

Diagram 6 shows part of a straight line graph when log10 y against log10 x is plotted. Express y
in terms of x.
[4 marks]

80

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

7. The variable x and y are related by equation y pk 3 x , where k and p are constant.
Diagram 7 shows the straight line obtained by plotting log 10 y against x .

log10 y
( 0, 8 )

(2,2)
x

O
Diagram 7

a) Reduce the equation y pk 3 x to linear form Y = mX + c.

b) Find the value of,
i)
ii)

log 10 p ,

k.

[4 marks]

81

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

PAPER 2
1. Use graph paper to answer this question.
Table 1 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x
n
2
and y are related by the equation y 2rx x, where r and n are constants.
r
x
y

2
8

3
13.2

4
20

5
27.5

6
36.6

7
45.5

Table 1

(a).

(b).

y
against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on both axes.
x
Hence, draw the line of best fit.

[5 marks]

Use your graph in (a), to find the value of

(i). n,
(ii). r,
(iii). y when x = 1.5.

[5 marks]

Plot

2. Use graph paper to answer this question.

Table 2 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x
h
and y are related by the equation y kx, where h and k are constants.
x
x
y

1
5.1

2
6.9

3
9.7

4
12.5

5
15.4

6
18.3

Table 2
(a).

(b).

Plot xy against x 2 , using a scale of 2 cm to 5 units on the x 2 -axis and

2 cm to 10 units on the xy-axis.
Hence, draw the line of best fit.

[5 marks]

Use your graph in (a), to find the value of

(i). h,
(ii). k,
(iii). y when x = 2.5.

[5 marks]

82

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

3. Use graph paper to answer this question.

Table 3 shows the values of two variables , x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x
n
and y are related by the equation y w , where n and w are constants.
x
x
y

3
103

4
87

5
76

6
68

7
62

8
57.4

Table 3
(a).

(b).

Plot log10 y against log10 x , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.1 unit on the log10 x -axis and
2 cm to 0.2 units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
[5 marks]
Use your graph in (a), to find the value of
(i). n,
(ii). w,
(iii). y when x = 2.

[5 marks]

4. Use graph paper to answer this question.

Table 4 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x
b
, where a and b are constants.
and y are related by the equation y a x
x
x
y

0.2
12.40

0.4
8.50

0.6
6.74

0.8
5.66

1.2
4.90

1.4
3.87

Table 4
(a).

Plot y x against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 0.2 unit on the x -axis and 2 cm to 0.2
units on the y x -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
[5 marks]

(b).

Use your graph in (a), to find the value of

(i). a,
(ii). b,
(iii). y when x = 0.9.

[5 marks]

83

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

5. Use graph paper to answer this question.

Table 5 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y
are related by the equation y pm x , where m and p are constants.
x
y

1.5
2.51

3.0
3.24

4.5
4.37

6.0
5.75

7.5
7.76

9.0
10.00

Table 5
(a).

Plot log10 y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to 0.1
units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
[5 marks]

(b).

Use your graph in (a), to find the value of

(i). m,
(ii). p,
(iii). x when y = 4.8.

[5 marks]

6. Use graph paper to answer this question.

Table 6 shows the values of two variables, x and y obtained from an experiment. Variables x and y
are related by the equation y hk x , where h and k are constants.
x
y

3
10.2

4
16.4

5
26.2

6
42

7
67.1

8
107.4

Table 6
(a).

(b).

Plot log10 y against x , using a scale of 2 cm to 1 unit on the x -axis and 4 cm to 0.5
units on the log10 y -axis. Hence, draw the line of best fit.
[5 marks]
Use your graph in (a), to find the value of
(i). h,
(ii). k,
(iii). x when y = 35.6.
[5 marks]

84

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

ANSWER
No.
1.

2.

PAPER 1
Solution
xy x 10
Calculate gradient from graph
n 10
k 2

Marks
1
1
1
1

log10 y 2 log10 x 15
Calculate gradient from graph
n 2
k 15

c = -5
y 1
5
x x
y 1 5x

1
1

4.

log10 y = - log10 b + log10 a

Gradient = -2
b = 100
a = 1000

1
1
1
1

5.

log10 y = bx + log10 a or log10 y = bxlog10 10 + log10 a

a = 100
b=-

1
1
1

3.

6.
log10 x1/2

7(a)
(b)(i)

Gradient =
log10 y = log10 x + 2
or log10 102 or log10 x1/2.102
y 100 x
3 log10 k 3

log10 y (3log10 k ) x log10 p

log10 p 8

(ii)

k 10

1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
85

CHAPTER 2

LINEAR LAW

FORM 5

PAPER 2
No.
1(a)

x
y
x

(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

3
4.4

Solution
4
5
5
5.5

6
6.1

7
6.5

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis

6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
y
n
2rx
x
r
Calculate gradient from graph
n = 0.77
r = 0.275
y
3.6
From graph ,
x
y = 5.4

(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

2.(a)

2
4

x2
xy

1
4
5.1 13.8

9
29.1

16
50

25
77

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis

6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
xy kx 2 h
Calculate gradient from graph
h 2
k 3
From graph, xy = 20
y= 8

Marks
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
36
109.8

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

86

CHAPTER 2

3.(a)

LINEAR LAW

log10 x

0.48 0.60

0.70

0.78

0.85

0.90

log10 y

2.01 1.94

1.88

1.83

1.79

1.76

(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

4.(a)

(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

FORM 5

x
y x

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis

6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
log10 y w log10 x log10 n
Calculate gradient from graph
n 102.3 199.526
w 0.6
From graph, log10 y 2.12

1
1
1
1

y 102.12 131.825

0.2 0.4
5.55 5.38

0.6
5.22

0.8
5.06

1.2
4.9

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis

6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
y x ax b
Calculate gradient from graph
a - 0.8
b 5.7
From graph y x 4.9
y = 5.165

1
1
1
1

1.4
4.74

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

87

CHAPTER 2

5.(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

6.(a)

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

LINEAR LAW

x
log10 y

1.5 3.0
0.4 0.51

4.5
0.64

6
0.76

7.5
0.89

FORM 5

9
1

Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis

6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
log10 y x log10 m log10 p
Calculate gradient from graph
m 100.084 or m 1.2134
p 100.26 or1.8197
log10 4.8 0.68
x= 5

All values of log10 y are correct

x
3
4
5
6
7
1.0
1.21
1.42
1.62
1.82
log10 y
Uniform scale for x-axis and y-axis
6 points plotted correctly
Draw the line of best fit
Reduce non-linear to linear equation
log10 y x log10 k log10 h
Calculate gradient from graph
k 100.2 or k 1.588
h 100.425 or h 2.66
log10 35.6 1.55
x = 5.7

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
8
2.03
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

88