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http://www.freewebs.com, pada 30 november 2010.
As one of the language skills, reading is considered as the most
important skill in learning a foreign language. It is in line with
McDonough and Shaws statement,
As a skill, reading is clearly one of the most important; in fact in many instances around
the world we may argue that reading is the most important foreign language skill,
particularly in cases where students have to read English material for their own
specialist subject but may never have to speak the language; such cases are often
referred to as English as a library language.2
2

Jo McDonough and Christopher Shaw, Material and Method in ELT second edition,
(Oxford: Blackwell publishing, 2003), P.89.

Referring to the problems above, it is necessary for language teacher to foster reading
on their students. To improve the students ability, the teacher should use appropriate
method. The method should be interesting to interest students in teaching learning
process. One of the methods is cooperative learning method. It is seen as an active
learning process, because students will learn more through a process of constructing and
creating working in a group and sharing knowledge. Nevertheless, individual
responsibility is still the key of success of learning English. A cooperative learning
method is believed as being able to give chance for students to be involved in teaching
learning process and take responsibility of his/her own learning.

Reading comprehension is not only on the pronouncing or loud reading, but also on the
understanding reading taken in consideration. As said by Nuttal:
It is unlike that you were interested in the pronunciation of what you read except
in a tiny minority of cases, it is even likely that you were interested in
grammatical structures used. You read because you want to get something from
the writing: fact, ideas, enjoyment,even feelings or family community (from a
letter): whatever you want to get the message that the writer had expressed.3
3

Christine Nuttal, Teaching Reading Skill in A Foreign Language,

(London: Heinemann, 1982) p. 3

Gray identifies four different steps in the reading act: word

perception, comprehension, reaction, and integration. The first step is
word recognition, including both the ability to pronounce the words
and attach meaning to it as a concept. The second step is the ability
to make individual words construct useful ideas as they are read in
context. The third step requires judgmental action a feeling about to
assimilate this idea, concept, new reading, into the background of
experience so that it becomes a part of the total experience of the
individual.

These

steps

are

completely

interdependent

in

meaningful use of reading as a tool in the solutions of problems.

the

William S. Gray, On Their Own in Reading, (Chicago: Scott, Foresman and

Company,
1984), pp.35-37
2

Reading is one of language skills that have to be mastered. There are

many

steps

to

master

this

skill;

such

as

word

perception,

comprehension, reaction and integration. Those steps can make

students master reading skill effectively, because based on those
steps the students can understandmeaningful text.

According to Harmer in his book stated that The reading to confirm expectations
technique is highly motivating and succesful since it interests students, creates
expectations and gives them a purpose for reading.5 Based on this statement, the
teachers assumed to teach reading in interesting learning and give the aim of reading to
students.
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching (New York: Longman
Publishing, 1991), p.193.
5

Many strategies are used in the learning process and one of those
strategies is cooperative learning. Carolyn Kessler point out,
Cooperative learning (CL) is a body of literature and research that has
examined the effects of cooperation. It offers ways to organize group
work to enhance learning and increase academic achievement.2
2

Carolyn Kessler, Cooperative Learning, (New Jersey:Prentice-Hall 1992), P.1

From the definition of cooperative learning above, teachers can apply

the teaching strategy to make their teaching learning activity become
interesting. An effective teaching reading comprehension could be
arranged by grouping the students into small groups which usually
consist of two up to four persons in each group. Furthermore Sholomo
Sharan points out,
Learning in small groups has been shown to increase
opportunities for meaningful practice and fairly realistic language
use, to improve the quality of student talk, to create a positive
affective climate in the classroom, and to increase student
motivation.3
Sholomo Sharan, Handbook Of Cooperatine Learning Method,(London:Praeger
1994),
P.199
3

It means that, learning in a group gives many opportunities for

students, because it not only help students on their study but also can
build their skills such as increase their braveness to talk in front of
their friends, creates different climate and also increases their
motivation on their study.
To make the students reach the purpose of the learning in the
small group, the teachers need to know about the teachers role. The
role of the teacher is very important in cooperative learning in order
to have an effective cooperative learning group. Teachers should
know their students well. Grouping students can be a difficult process

and should be decided carefully. Teachers should consider the

different learning skills, cultural backgrounds, personalities and even
gender when arranging cooperative
groups. Much time is devoted to prepare the lesson for cooperative
learning. However, teacher will act as a coach, facilitator and
sometimes a spectator after the lesson is implemented. The teacher
who set up a good cooperative learning teaches students to teach
themselves and to teach each other. Students learn from their pairs
and become less dependent on the teachers help. Carolyn Kessler
states,
Cooperative learning is based on interactions among group
members. The teacher acts as a facilitator of learning,
approaching the group when necessary. Cooperation, rather then
competition, is the operative dynamic.4
4

Carolyn Kessler , Cooperative Learning, (New Jersey:Prentice-Hall 1992O), P. 156.

Based on the statement above it can be concluded that the activity

on teaching learning of cooperative learning is student-center, it
means that the teacher act as facilitator only, but some time teacher
helps students when they need.
The writer chooses Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) in
teaching reading because it is considered that teaching reading
should be emphasized in raising students motivation so that teaching
learning process of reading results will get better achievement. By
applying this technique, students problem is hopefully solved.
script (Hythecker, Dansereau, and Rocklin, 1988)