1.

8 p.

How to realize chemical reactions shown in schema below? Write down equations of the
reactions and characterize conditions for reactions
HCl

NH3

H2

H2S

H2O
2.

6 p.

An unknown salt consists of 4 elements. The amount ratio between sulfur and oxygen is
1:2. Ratio between oxygen and hydrogen is also 1:2. Oxygen forms 21,20% by mass of
the compound.
Find the formula of this compound and name it. If it's possible mention the compound's
acquisition and usage in industry
3.

4 p.

While preparing meal for party 1 m3 of natural gas was used. Everybody was in hurry.
Grandmother was taking active part and being afraid of draught kitchen was not
ventilated. Panes were transpired. How changed the composition of air in the kitchen?
How hosts of party were feeling? Write down equations of reactions.
Calculate volume of used and formed gaseous compounds. Assume natural gas to consist
only from methaneCH4.
It was winter and a fireplace was heated. There were a lot of carbon blazing in fireplace
somewhere blue flames were to see. Soon a merrily party began.
What could frustrate fun of the party? Write down equations of reactions as well as
chemical and common names of all compounds
4.

5 p.

5,60 g of the Fe, Zn, Cu alloy was treated with the excess of diluted sulfuric acid. A 92,8
g of liquid was obtained. There was 5,32% of zinc sulfate and 5,86% of iron sulfate in the
obtained liquid.
Find composition of given fusion!
5.

6 p.

NH4Cl is a salt - a solid substance while all the elements forming it are gaseous
Write equations showing how to obtain NH4Cl from elementary substances!
Calculate volumes of required gases to obtain 50,0 g of NH4Cl!
6.

3 p.

There was 0,284 g of chlorine in the reaction vessel. Burning hydrogen was introduced in
it. After the was reaction completed 10 ml of water was added and all obtained gas was
completely dissolved
Calculate the composition of solution in mass %!
7.

5 p.

One flask contains 90 ml of water, the second one - 90 ml of hydrogen and the third one 90 ml of 20% sodium hydroxide solution (density - 1,186 g/ml).
Which flask contains the highest and which the lowest amount of substance? By what
factor they differ?
8.

5 p.

Mixture of magnesium and magnesium carbonate reacted with an excess of formic acid,
2,91 liters of gas was formed. Identical sample was heated up to 600 oC and the mass
dropped by 34,8%.
Calculate the composition of given sample!
9.

12 p.

In temperature of 20oC saturated solution of some univalent metal chloride contains 45,3
% by mass of the chloride. From 60,0 g of solution 5,00 g water was vaporized and as a
result of this, 9,26 g of substance precipitated from the solution.

What compound was in the solution and what compound precipitated from it?
If there are more than one compound that fits the conditions note how can one
experimentally determine which one is in the solution!
10.

10

7 p.

Ag AgNO3
[Zn(NH3)4]Cl2

Zn(NO3)2

11.

6 p.

10

ZnS

ZnSO4

Na2[Zn(OH)4]

Zn(OH)2

There are four salts dissolved in water. Masses of their ions are given: Na+ 5,52g , K+
21,8g , NH4+ 18,0g , SO42- 59,5g , CO42- 10,8g , NO4- 12,4g.
Find the formulae and quantity of dissolved salts
12.

10

5 p.

A thin tape of a silver-white metal was burned in air and immediately put in a blow of
water steam. The metal kept on burning. Two products formed - a simple substance and a
compound. The compound (containing 39,7 % oxygen by mass) easily dissolves in
diluted acid. When barium chloride was added to the obtained solution white insoluble
precipitate was formed.
Which metal fits these conditions?
Write equations for reactions happened!
13.

10

4 p.

Try to explain why in some rust (rust uranium oxide; rust of thorium oxide etc.) in form
of [micro inclusion] helium is found. Base your answer on appropriate equations
(examples)!
14.

10

4 p.

There are the physical properties of NF3, PF3, AsF3 and SbF3 given in a table below.
Find the matching row for each compound. Motivate your answer.
Compound Melting point, oC Boiling point, oC
#1

-209

-129

#2

-6

57

#3

290

319

#4

-101

-2

15.

10

7 p.

In a durable vessel N2 and H2 in stoichiometric ratio for obtaining ammonia is refilled. In

temperature of 237oC the pressure in the vessel was 2119 kPa. Catalyzer was introduced
and the reaction took place. After the reaction in temperature of 227oC the pressure was
1298 kPa.
Determine the composition of gas mixture after reaction and degree of conversation!
16.

10

6 p.

Mixture of zinc, zinc oxide and zinc carbonate with mass of 49,1 g was dissolved in the
excess of formic acid. 6,72 l (normal conditions discounting the solubility of gases) of
gas was formed. The obtained solution was vaporized until its mass was 500,0 g. The
mass part of zinc chloride in the obtained solution by mass was 14,5 %.
Determine the composition of initial mixture.
17.

10

7 p.

Determine the concentration of methane acid (HCOOH) knowing that the tenth part of all
molecules are dissociated. KA = 1,7710-4 mol/l.
Note. Formic acid splits off only the hydrogen attached to oxygen:
HCOOH
18.

10

HCOO- + H+
12 p.

Magnesium is usually obtained from dolomite. The dolomite is first heated and
afterwards treated with seawater. precipite is obtained containing more magnesium and a
lot less calcium as dolomite.
a. Write equations for all reactions. Accounting magnesium hydroxide to dissolve in
water a lot worse than calcium hydroxide but magnesium carbonate to dissolve
much better than calcium carbonate.
1,00 t of dolomite containing 12,0% of magnesium (in form of carbonates) was
heated.

b. Seawater contains 1,29 g magnesium, 0,412 g calcium and 0,267g HCO3- ions
(on an average) per liter. Calculate the volume of seawater needed to treat the
mixture obtained while heating dolomite. Assume that dolomite consists only of
magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate. If you use other assumptions in
your calculations explain them.
c. Solubility of magnesium hydroxide in the water at 25 C is 6,410-4 g in 100 ml.
Calculate mass of magnesium remained in the water after treating the heated
dolomite.
d. Write equations of reactions used to obtain magnesium from the product of
reaction of dolomite with seawater.
e. Calculate mass of obtained magnesium. Explain assumptions used in
calculations.
f. Explain what additions may contain magnesium obtained in this way. Write the
appropriate equations.
19.

Cu
Cu

20.

11

9 p.

CuSO4 Cu(NO3)2 CuO CuCl2

CuSO4 Cu(NO3)2 CuO (CuOH)2CO3

11

4 p.

A surface of 24,0 cm2 must be coated with a 12 mm thick layer of silver. How long the
electrolysis must be carried out with density of current 0,8 A/cm2 to coat the surface?
What's the mass of silver precipitated during the electrolysis? (Ag)=10,5g/cm3
21.

11

4 p.

Prove that 1,0 gram of mixture of any proportions of Y2(CO3)3 and CoCO3 will release
the same quantity carbon dioxide if treated with excess of formic acid.
22.

11

5 p.

In 1669 German alchemist Henning Brand while searching for philosopher's stone carried
out the following experiment:
He filled retort with urine and evaporated it. Then he added carbon (charcoal) and sand
to the dry residue and kept on heating. Volatile products of reaction were collected under
water. After long heating the retort cracked and content of flask begun to shine.
The experiment is shown on the painting of Englishman Josef Wright of Derby (17341787) below.

What chemical element was obtained in the described way?

Base Your answer on logical judgments explaining the role of each substance and
showing respective equations and schemes of reactions.

23.

11

5 p.

There are installed special systems to provide suitable air condition, ventilation, lighting
and air humidity in the modern artwork's repositories such as Louvre in Paris or London
National Gallery. These factors are important canvas to last protractedly.
It's known that many artists could not afford "good" paints so they bought the cheapest or
made themselves using cheaper low quality staples. One of such "cheap" oil is blue paint
containing mineral azurite 2CuCO3Cu(OH)2. After a long quest a famous painting was
found in a humid cellar and blue sky in that painting had become green.
Knowing artist has used the cheap blue oil in that picture try to explain this interesting
observation.

What in Your opinion means term "good paint"?

24.

11

4 p.

Two students are making their homework and they have come to N2H4 Lewis structure.
Janis put single bond between both atoms of nitrogen and a lone pair electrons at each of
the nitrogen atoms, while Edgars puts a triple bond between two nitrogens. In both cases
number of electrons at nitrogen's atoms is correct and molecule is symmetric.
Which structure is correct? Why? Name this compound!

Note: While solving this problem don't use ready-to-wear rules as for example octet rule
but fundamental concepts linked to structure of atom, orbitals, substance's properties.
25.

11

6 p.

While heating mixture of aluminum and sulfur powder a chemical reaction took place
resulting a grayish merged aggregate. Water was added to this product until another
reaction ended. during this process:
a. gas X was liberated. It forms 1,34 g of precipite when reacts with an excess of
iodine/potassium iodide solution;
b. in the vessel remained precipite which dissolves in the excess of formic acid
liberating 0,269 l of gas (normal conditions).
Calculate the composition of initial mixture.
26.

11-12

10 p.

Bubling a colorless gas (density at 25,0oC; 100 kPa r = 1,534 g/L) through the solution of
KI, its volume volume remains the same but the solution becomes brown. Results of
elemental analysis shows that the gas consist only of one element.
Name the initial gas? Write equation for correspondent reaction.
27.

11-12

5 p.

It's known that at 3000 K equilibrium constants of reactions

2H2O (g)
2CO2 (g)

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) and

2CO (g) + O2 (g)

are accordingly K1 and K2.

Calculate the equilibrium constant of reaction
2CO (g) + O2

2CO2 (g)

Prove that equilibrium constant of reaction CO2 (g) + H2 (g)

28.

12

H2O (g) + CO (g) K3 =

7 p.

Write down all equations and give the conditions of these reactions.

29.

12

5 p.

In certain conditions following reactions take place

aA

bB.

It's known that the speed of reaction A B is higher than that of B

In the picture below changes in A and B concentration are shown.

A.

Which curve corresponds to A and which to B?

What could the values for the be coefficients a and b?
Give some specific example to satisfy the given data.
30.

12

6 p.

Equimolar mixture of two liquid organic compounds completely reacted with:

a. 25,0 ml of NaOH solution c = 1,00 mol/l;
b. sodium (metallic) evolving 0,560 l of gas (normal conditions);
c. both compounds reacted with each other in presence of strong acid forming
volatile compound with specific odor.
Known that the mixture doesn't decolorizes bromine water while burning the same
quantity of mixture 2,24 l of CO2 and 2,25 g of H2O occured.
Name both unknown substances X and Y! Calculate the composition of mixture.
31.

12

12 p.

2,0 liters of 0,10 M sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was made. Density of the
solution was 1,0 g/ml and pH - 8,3. 1,0 l of the solution was electrolyzed with current of
1,0 A for 1,0 h using inert electrodes. During the electrolysis the solution was intensively
mixed. Afterwards the pH remained the same as it was before.
The rest 1,0 l of initial solution was also electrolyzed for 1,0 h using inert electrodes. All
conditions remained the same except the mixing and a porous membrane was put
between the partitions of electrodes. After electrolysis the solutions from anode's and

cathode's partitions were combined. pH of obtained solution was higher as that before
electrolysis.
a. Explain why in the second case a solution with higher pH was obtained.
b. Calculate concentration of dissolved substances in both solutions after
electrolysis assuming density to remain constant during electrolysis.
c. Calculate pH of the second solution.
F = 96500 C/mol. Acid constants of carbonic acid are 4,4510-7 mol/l and 4,6910-11 mol/l.
32.

12

8 p.

Food additive E282 prevents mildewing of bread. E282 is a white crystalline substance
coloring the flame brick-red. E282 is water-soluble and solution of it is weak basic.
A 100,0 ml of water solution was made from 1,000 g of E282. To a portion of 10,00 ml
20,00 ml of 1,00010-1 formic acid was added. The excess of formic acid was titrated with
9,77710-2 M of sodium hydroxide. 9,47 ml of hydroxide solution was used.
After titration, an excess of sodium oxalate (ethanedionate) solution was added. The
occured precipite was filtrated and heated at 1000oC. 3,01110-1 g of white substance was
obtained which easily dissolved in solution of some weak univalent acid. After
evaporating the solution only one compound was obtained - 1,000 g of E282.
Write down all equations and determine structure of E282.
33.

12

14 p.

Compound A is a colorless liquid. Water solution of it is used in food industry and

concentrated solutions has stinging taste. B is also a colorless liquid whose water solution
is used in food industry and it tastes acetous. 9,2 g of compound A reacted with 12 g of
compound B and 17,6 g of compound C and compound D occured. Compound C is a
colorless liquid with a specific odor it's water insoluble and is widely used as eluent.
Compound D also is a colorless liquid without taste or odor in nature it's found in
gaseous, liquid or solid condition.
a. Determine compounds A - D.
b. Write reactions showing how compounds A and B are industrially obtained in
Latvia.
c. Explain what concentration of A and B solutions are used in food industry.
d. Write the equation for reaction between A and B and point conditions of reaction.
e. Write the mechanism of reaction between A and B.
f. Reaction between A and B is reverse. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this
reaction at 50 oC. Show the direction of equilibrium. Thermodynamic data of A,
B, C and D are given in table below.

g. Explain how can the outcome of C be increased for equimolar quantities of A and
B.
Thermodynamic data for compounds A, B, C and D
Compound

34.

12

H0f, kJ/mol

S0f, J/(mol K)

-277,6

160,7

-487,0

159,8

-463,8

259,8

-285,8

70,08

12 p.

While hydrolyzing some tripeptide with a diluted acid only alanine was obtained. When
treated with ferments aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase the tripeptide doesn't
hydrolyzes.
Alanine - CH3CH(NH3+)COO-.
Aminopeptidase - a ferment splitting off N-end amino acid.
Carboxypeptidase - a ferment splitting off C-end amino acid.
a. Write structure of tripeptide and equations for its hydrolysis reaction.
b. Explain dependence of tripeptide's water solubility from pH.
c. Draw all optical isomers of tripeptide and determine absolute configuration of
hiral atoms.