Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2012

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH
DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
MODUL
PERFECT SCORE &

X A-PLUS
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH
TAHUN 2012
PANEL PENYEDIA DAN PEMURNI:
Pn. Wan Noor Afifah Binti Wan Yusoff (Ketua)
Tn Hj Ja'afar B Bajuri
Pn. Norini Binti Jaafar
Tn Hj Che Malik Bin Mamat
Pn. Rossita Binti Radzak
Pn. Aishah Peong Binti Abdullah
En Jong Kak Ying
En Ooi Yoong Seang
Che Ramli B Che Ismail
Pn Masodiah Bt Mahfodz
Pn. Noraini Binti Zakaria
Chemistry Perfect Score Module 2012
SBPI GOMBAK
SMS SULTAN MAHMUD
SEKOLAH SULTAN ALAM SHAH
SBPI BATU RAKIT
SMS TUANKU MUNAWIR
SBPI TEMERLOH
SMS KUCHING
SMS MUAR
SMS FARIS PETRA
SMS HULU SELANGOR
SMS SULTAN MOHAMAD JIWA
CHEMISTRY PERFECT SCORE MODULE 2012

CONTENT
Guidelines &
Anwering Techniques
Format of an instrument of chemistry

Construct requirement
Guidelines for answering paper 1
The common command words in paper 2
Set 1
The structure of Atom

Chemical Formulae and equations
Periodic Table of Elements
Chemical Bonds
Set 2
Electrochemistry
Oxidation and Reduction
Set 3
Acids and Bases

Salts
Rate of reaction
Thermochemistry
Set 4
Carbon compounds
Manufactured Substance in Industry
Chemicals for Consumers
Set 5
Paper 3 set 1
Paper 3 set 2
Paper 3 set 3
CHEMISTRY
PERFECT SCORE MODULE
GUIDELINES
&
ANSWERING TECHNIQUES
CHEMISTRY SPM
GUIDELINES AND ANSWERING TECHNIQUES FOR SPM CHEMISTRY PAPER

1.0
No
1
FORMAT OF AN INSTRUMENT OF CHEMISTRY BEGINNING SPM 2003

Item
Paper 1
(4541/1)
Type of instrument Objective test
Type of item
Objective it
2.0
Number of
question
50 (answers all)
Duration of time
1 hour 15
minutes
2 hour 30 minutes
Paper 3
(4541/3)
Written Practical Test
Subjective Item :
Structured Item
Extended Response Item:
(Planning an experiment)
Structured Item :
1/2 items (answer all)
Extended Response Item :
1 item
1 hour 30 minutes
CONSTRUCT REQUIREMENT
Construct
Knowledge
Understanding
Application
Analysis
Synthesizing
Science process
Total mark
3.0
Paper 2
(4541/2)
Subjective test
Section A :
Structured Item
Section B :
Essay restricted response Item
Section C :
Essay extended response Item
Section A : 6 (answer all)
Section B : 2 (choose one)
Section C : 2 (choose one)
Paper 1
20 m ( No 1- 20)
15 m ( No 21 35)
15 m ( No 36 50)
50
Paper 2
14
21
29
21
15
100
Paper 3
50
50
TIPS TO SCORE A CHEMISTRY

3.1
Master the topics that contains the basic concepts of chemistry :

1. The structure of the atom
2. Chemical Formulae And Equations
3. Periodic Table
4. Chemical Bond
3.2
Familiarize with different types of questions as listed below and complete the previous SPM
papers:
1. Objectives questions (MCQ) (Paper 1)
2. Structured questions ( Paper 2 & 3)
3. Essays (Paper 2)
4. Planning an experiment ( Paper 3)
5. Draw and label the diagram
6. Writing chemical equation( balanced equation, ionic equation, half equation)
3.3
Try to get : 40 marks above for paper 1

60 marks above for paper 2
40 marks above for paper 3
(Total = 180/2 =80 , A+ in SPM)
4.0
GUIDELINE FOR ANSWERING PAPER 1

4.1
Paper 1 questions test students on

1. Knowledge ( Number 1 20)
2. Understanding ( Number 21 35)
3. Application ( Number 36 50 )
4.2
Score in paper 1 Indicates students level of understanding in chemistry:

Less than 20 very weak
20 25
- weak
26 30
- average
31 39
- good
40 45
- very good
46 50
- excellent.
4.3
Answer all SPM objective questions (2003 2010). Objective questions for each year contain all
topics. If your score in paper 1 is 40 and above, you will able to answer questions in paper 2 & 3
easily.
5.0
GUIDELINE FOR ANSWERING PAPER 2 (STRUCTURE AND ESSAY)

5.1
Paper 2 questions test student on
1. Knowledge
2. understanding
3. analyzing
4. synthesizing
5.2
Steps taken are:
1. Underline the command word and marks allocated for each question.
2. Match the command word to the mark allocated for each question. 1 point is awarded 1
mark.
3. Follow the needs of the question (Refer to the command words, page .)
4. Unnecessary repetition of the statement in the question is not required.
5.3
Three types of questions which involve experiments in paper 2:
I.
Type 1
Describe an experiment onInclude a labeled diagram in your answer
1. Diagram
2. Procedure
3. Observation/example/data/calculation/equation/sketch of graph/conclusion
II.
Type 2
Describe an experiment( The diagram will support your answer.)
1. No mark is allocated for a diagram
2. Procedures
3. Observation/example/calculation/equation/sketch of graph/conclusion
III.
Type 3
Describe a chemical/confirmatory test for .
1. Procedure
2. Observation
3. Conclusion
6.0
GUIDELINE FOR ANSWERING PAPER 3

6.1
Structure Question 1/2 test the mastery of 11 Scientific Skills
1. Observing
2. Classifying
3. Inferring
4. Measuring (burette , stopwatch, thermometer, voltmeter)
5. Predicting
6. Communicating( e.g construct table and draw graph)
7. Space-Time Relationship
8. Interpreting Data
9. Defining Operationally
10. Controlling Variables
11. Hypothesizing
Each answer is allocated mark as follows: 3 marks/2 marks/1 mark/0
Score : 11 X 3 = 33
Example of operational definition:

1. what you do
2. what you observe correctly
Example:
1. When acid is added into latex, white solid is formed.
When acid is added into latex, latex coagulated.- wrong
2. When the higher the concentration sodium thiosulphate solution is added into sulphuric acid, time taken for
`X~ mark to disappear from sight is shorter.
3. When iron nail is coiled with copper and immersed into jelly mixed with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and
phenolphthalein solution, blue spot/colouration is formed.
Operational definition for
1. Rusting of iron
2. Coagulation of latex
3. Reactivity of Group 1
elements
4. Precipitation of silver
chloride
5. Voltaic cell
6. An acid
What you do
When an iron nail coiled with a less
electropositive metal is immersed in hot
agar-agar added with potassium
hexacyanoferrate (III) solution,
When acid is added to latex
When a metal which is lower in Group 1 is
put in a basin half filled with water
When silver nitrate solution is added to
sodium chloride solution
When two different metals are dipped into an
electrolyte
When a blue litmus paper is dipped into a
substance which is dissolved in water,
What is observed
Blue spots are formed
White solid is formed

Brighter flame is formed
White solid is formed
The needle of the voltmeter
deflects
Blue litmus paper turns red
Hypothesis: Relate manipulated variable followed by responding variable with direction.

Example:
1. The higher temperature of the reactant the higher the rate of reaction 3 marks
The temperature of the reactant affect the rate of reaction 2 marks
2. Hexene decolourised brown bromine water but hexane does not decolourised brown bromine water.
3. When acid is added into latex, latex coagulates, when ammonia is added into latex, latex cannot coagulates
4. Question 3 (essay) Test The Mastery of Planning Experiment .
Planning should include the following aspects:
1.
Aim of the experiment/Statement of the problem
2.
All the variables
3.
Statement of the hypothesis
4.
List of substances/material and apparatus should be separated
5.
Procedure of the experiment
6.
Tabulation of data
Score : (5 X 3) + 2 = 17
The question normally starts with certain situation related to daily life.
Problem statement/ aim of the experiment / hypothesis and variable can be concluded from the situation given.
State all the variables
Manipulated variable :
Responding variable :
Constant variable: list down all the fixed variables to ensure the outcome of the responding variable is
related only to the manipulated variables.
Separate the substances and apparatus

- Separate the substances and apparatus
- Apparatus : list down the apparatus for the experiment.
Example: Rate of reaction stop watch
Termochemistry - thermometer
Procedure :
All the steps taken in the procedure must include the apparatus used, quantity and type of substance (powder,
solution, lumps etc).
No mark is allocated for the diagram. The complete labeled diagram can help students in :
I.
Writing the steps taken in the procedure
II.
Listing the apparatus and materials
Tabulation of data:
7.0
The number of columns and rows in the table is related to the manipulated and responding
variables
Units must be written for all the titles in each row and column of the table
DO NOT WRITE the observation/inference/conclusion in the table.
THE COMMON COMMAND WORDS IN PAPER 2 & PAPER 3 CHEMISTRY

The question normally starts with a command word.
Students must know the meaning of the command word to make sure that the answer given is according
to the questions requirement.
Match the command word to the mark allocated for each question.
Command word
Explanation/example
Give the name , not the formula.
Name/State the
Example: Name the main element added to copper to form bronze.
name
Wrong answer : Sn.
(paper 2 & 3)
Correct answer : Tin
Give brief answer only. Explanation is not required.
State
Example : State one substance which can conduct electricity in solid state.
(paper 2 & 3)
Answer : Copper
Write what is observed physically.
Example 1 : State one observation when magnesium powder is added to hydrochloric
acid.
[ 1 mark]
Wrong answer : Hydrogen gas is released.
State the
Correct answer : Gas bubbles are released
observation
(Paper 2 & 3)
Indicate the change of colour , give the initial and final colour of the substance/chemical.
Example 2: What is the colour change of copper(II) suphate solution.
[2 marks]
Wrong answer: The solution becomes colourless
Correct answer : The blue colour of the solution becomes colourless
Give the answer with reasons to explain certain statement / fact / observation/ principal.
Example 1 : Explain why bronze is harder than pure copper
[4 marks]
Correct answer :
- Copper atoms in pure copper are all of the same size and
...........1
Explain
they are arranged in layers that can slide easily when force is applied
...........1
(Paper 2 & 3)
- The presence of tin atoms in bronze that are different in size disturb the
orderly arrangement of atoms in bronze.
...........1
- This reduces the layer of atoms from sliding.
...........1
Give the exact meaning

Example: What is meant by hydrocarbon.
Wrong answer: A compound that contains carbon and hydrogen
Correct answer: A compound that contains carbon hydrogen only
State the method to conduct the test , observation and conclusion.
Describe chemical
Example : Describe how to identify the ion present in the solution .
[3 marks]
test
Answer : - Pour in 2 cm3 of the solution in a test tube. Add a few drops of sodium
(Paper 2 & 3)
hydroxide solution and the test tube is shake the test tube
...........1
7
What is meant by..
(Definition)
(Paper 2 & 3)
Describe gas test.

(Paper 2 & 3)
- A reddish brown precipitate formed.

...........1
- Fe3+ ions present
1
State the method to conduct the test observation and conclusion.
Example: Describe the confirmatory test for gas released at the anode (oxygen). [3 marks]
Wrong answer: Test with a glowing wooden splinter.
Correct answer: - Place a glowing wooden splinter to the mouth of the test tube ...1
- The glowing wooden splinter is lighted up
...1
- Oxygen gas is released
...1
-
Describe an
experiment
( 8 - 10 marks)
(Paper 2)
Plan an
experiment
( 17 marks)
( Paper 3)
Describe the
process
Describe the
structure .
Describe and
write equation
Describe how
(Paper 2 & 3)
Predict
(Paper 2 & 3)
Compare
(Paper 2)
Differentiate
(Paper 2)
Draw a labeled
diagram of the
apparatus
(Paper 2)
Draw a diagram
to show the
bonding formed in
the compound
(Paper 2)
No mark is awarded for the diagram. The diagram can help students write the steps
taken in the procedure.
- List of materials
1m
Can be obtained from the diagram
- List of apparatus
1m
- Procedure
( 5 8 m)
- Observation/tabulation of data/ calculation/sketch of the graph/ chemical equation /ionic
equation /conclusion etc.
- Any additional details relevant derived from the question.
Answer the question according the requirement :
Problem statement/Aim of experiment
Hyphotesis
Variables
List of substances and apparatus
Procedure
Tabulation of data
Note: For question 3, unlike PEKA report students only need to answer according to what is
stated in the question.
- No mark for the diagram. Diagram can help student writing the steps taken in the
procedure.
Give relevant details derived from the question.
Make a prediction for something that might happen based on facts

Example: Experiment 1 is repeated using a larger beaker. Predict the increase in
temperature
Answer : The increase in temperature is lower than experiment 1.
Give the similarities and differences between two items/ situations
Give differences between two items/situations
Example : State three differences between ionic and covalent compound.
Answer : State three properties of ionic compound and three properties covalent compound
Draw a complete set up of apparatus
(i)
Functional set up of apparatus
(ii)
Complete label
(iii)
Shade solid, liquid and gas correctly.
(iv)
Draw an arrow and label heat if the experiment involves heating
(i)
Ionic compound The number of electrons in each shell is correct, 2 electrons in the
first shell
and 8 electrons in the second and third shell.
Show the charge of each particle.
Write the symbol of each element at the centre of the ion.
(ii)
Covalent compound
The number of electrons in each shell is correct, 2 electrons in the first
shell and 8 electrons in the second and third shell.
The number of atoms sharing pair of electrons is correct.
Draw graph
(Paper 3)
Draw the energy

level diagram
( Paper 2)
Draw the
arrangement of
particles in solid,
liquid and gas.
(Paper 2)
Draw the direction
of electron flow
(Paper 2 /3)
Write chemical
equation
(Paper 2 & 3)
Calculate
(Paper 2 & 3)
Classify
(Paper 3)
Write the symbol of each element at the center of each atom in the
molecule.
Draw graph as follows :
Label the two axis with the correct unit
Choose suitable scale, the size of the graph should be at least of the size of the
graph paper.
Plot all the points correctly
Smooth graph ( curve or straight line )
For the determination of the rate of reaction
(i)
Draw a tangent at the curve.
(ii) Draw a triangle at the tangent
Calculate the gradient of the tangent
Draw an arrow for the vertical axis only and label with energy.
Draw two horizontal lines for the reactants and products
Solid: Draw at least three layers of particles closely packed in orderly manner and
they are not overlap.
Liquid : The particles packed closely but not in orderly manner
Gas : The particles are very far apart from each other
Draw the direction for the flow of electrons on the circuit, not through the solution.
Write the balanced chemical equation

Differentiate :
(i)
Balanced chemical equation
(ii)
Ionic equation
(iii)
Half equation for oxidation
(iv)
Half equation for reduction
Show all the steps taken
Give final answer with unit.
Draw table to represent the classification.
CHEMISTRY MODULE
SET
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Structure of Atom

Chemical Formulae and Equations
Periodic Table of Elements
Chemical Bonds
Chemistry Perfect Score/X A-Plus Module 2012
10
SECTION A
1. Table 1 shows the proton number and nucleon number for atoms L, M and N.
Atom
Proton number
Nucleon number
16
32
17
35
17
37
Table 1
(a)
(i) What is meant by proton number ?
[1 mark ]
(ii) What is the number of neutrons in atom M ?
(b)
[1 mark ]
Which atoms are isotopes ? Explain your answer.
[2 marks]
(c)
(i) Write the electron arrangement for atom L.
[1 mark ]
(ii) State the position of atom L in the Periodic Table
[1 mark ]
(iii) Explain your answer in c (ii)
..
(d)
.
[2 marks ]
Write the formula of ion formed from atom M
[1 mark ]
11
Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.T, U, V, W, X, Y and Z do not represent the
actual symbol of the elements.
1
18
2
13
14
X
15
16
17
W
Y
Diagram 2
(a)
Write the electron arrangement of U atom.

.............................
[1 mark ]
(b)
(i) Which of the element exist as a monoatomic gas ?

.......................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
..
..............................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
(c) V reacts with W to form a compound.
.
(i) Write the formula for the compound formed.
[1 mark ]
(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed in (c)(i).
[2 marks ]
(d)
(i) Choose an element that is a halogen.
[1 mark ]
(ii) Which element forms an amphoteric oxide ?
.
[1 mark]
(iii) Choose the element which form a coloured ion or compound
.
[1 mark ]
12
Table 3 shows the element in Period 3 with their respective proton numbers.
Element
Proton number
Na
Mg
Al
Si
Cl
Ar
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Table 3
(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of sulphur atom,
[1 mark ]
(ii) In which group of the Periodic Table is Sulphur, S located ?
.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(b) (i) How does the atomic size change when going across the Period from left to right ?
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(ii) Explain your answer in 2(b)(i)
...........................................................................................................................................
(c)
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
Argon, Ar is chemically unreactive. Explain why ?
.............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
(d) Which of the element when reacts with oxygen produces an amphoteric oxide ?
...........................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(e)
Write the chemical equation when sodium react with water.

.........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
4.
Table 4 shows the electron arrangement of atoms of elements J,K,L,M and N.
(a)
Element
J
K
Electron arrangement of atom

1
2.8.1
2.8.6
2.8.7
2.8.8
Table 4
State one element in Table 4 which is metal and non-metal?
Metal
: .......................................................................................................
Non- metal
: ........................................................................................................
[2 marks]
13
(b)
(i) State an element that exist as a diatomic gas. Explain your answer.
......
[1 mark ]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i)
(c)
....
[3 marks]
(i) What is the Proton Number for atom M
......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(ii) Which group is atom M located in the Periodic Table ? Explain your answer.
.....................................................................................................................................
(d)
....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks ]
Arrange atoms K, L and M in increasing atomic size
(e)
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
Write the formula for K ion.
......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(f)
K and M react to form an ionic compound.State the formula for this compound.
.....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(a)
Table 5 shows three substances and their respective chemical formulae.

Name of substance
Chlorine
Chemical formula
Cl2
Magnesium
Mg
Magnesium chloride
MgCl2
Table 5
Use information from Table 1 to answer the following questions :

(i)
State one substance which exists as an atom.

..[1 mark]
(ii)
Write the ionic formula for the substance in (a) (i).

..
[1 mark]
(iii)
Which substance has the lowest melting point?

..
[1 mark]
14
(iv)
What is the state of matter of chlorine at room temperature?

..
[1 mark]
(v)
Magnesium chloride can conduct electricity in aqueous solution. Give a reason.

..
[1 mark]
(b)
Graph 1 shows the temperature against time when molten of acetamide, C2H5NO is cooled.
Temperature / 0C
T1 A
T2
T3
Time / s
Graph 1
(i)
State the type of compound of acetamide.

..........
[1mark]
(ii)
State the melting point of acetamide.

.
[1 mark]
(iii)
Describe the movement of the particles of acetamide between A and B during cooling.
[1 mark]
(iv)
Draw the arrangement of particles of acetamide at stage CD.
[1 mark]
15
(a)
In a close container, contains 3.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas at room temperature.
(i)
How many molecules are there in 3.0 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas, CO2 ?
[Avogadros number = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1]
[1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room temperature]
Use: Number of mole = Number of particles
6.02 x 1023 mol-1
[2 marks]
(ii)
(b)
Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas in the container

[Relative molecular mass for CO2 = 44]
Use: Number of mole = mass
molar mass
[1 mark]
Diagram 6 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical formula
of magnesium oxide..
Magnesium ribbon
Heat
Diagram 6
Table 1 shows the results of this experiment
Description
Mass of crucible + lid
(b)
Mass (g)
34.0
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium ribbon
36.4
Mass of crucible + lid + magnesium oxide

Table 1
38.0
(i)
What is the meaning of emperical formula

.
..
[1 mark]
16
(ii)
Base on table 1, calculate the mass of:

Magnesium :
Oxygen :
[2 marks]
(iii)
Calculate the ratio of mole of magnesium atoms to oxygen atoms.

[Relative atomic mass: O=16, Mg =24]
(iv)
Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
(v)
Why was the crucible lid opened once in a while during the experiment?
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
....
[1 mark]
(v)
State why the empirical formula of copper oxide cannot be determine by using the same
technique.
....
[1 mark]
7. (a)
What is the meaning of molecular formula?

...
..
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 7.1 shows an incomplete equation which is one of the steps involved in determining the
empirical formula.
Complete this equation.
Mass
Relative atomic mass
Diagram 7.1
17
(c) Diagram 7.2 shows the apparatus set-up for two methods used to determine the empirical formula
of two compounds.
Method 1
Method II
Diagram 7.2
(i) Which method is suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide?
.
[1 mark]
(ii) Why did you choose the method in 2(c)(i)?
.
[1 mark]
(iii) When carrying out an experiment using Method I, why does the crucible lid need to be opened
once a while?
[1 mark]
(d) Diagram 7.3 shows the results for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of lead oxide.
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish
= 54.00 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + lead oxide
= 107.52 g
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + lead
= 103.68 g
Diagram 7.3
Based on Diagram 2.3, determine the values of the following
[Relative atomic mass of O =16 , Pb = 207]
(i) Mass of lead
= g
[1 mark]
(ii) Number of moles of lead.
= mol
[1 mark]
(iii) Mass of oxygen
= ..g
[1 mark]
(iv) Number of moles of oxygen.
= mol
[1 mark]
(v) Empirical formula of oxide of lead.
=
[1 mark]
18
8.
Diagram 8 shows the apparatus set-up to determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
Diagram 8
Table 8 shows the result of this experiment.
Description
Combustion tube + porcelain dish
Combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper oxide
Combustion tube + porcelain dish + copper
Mass(g)
42.25
52.25
50.25
Table 8
(a) (i) What is the meaning of empirical formula?
[1 mark]
(ii) State the function of the anhydrous calcium chloride.
..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Based on Table 8, determine the mass of:
Copper:
=..g
Oxygen:
= ..g
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the ratio of moles of copper atoms to oxygen atoms.

[Relative atomic mass: O = 16 ; Cu = 64]
[1 mark]
19
(iii) Determine the empirical formula of copper oxide.
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Why is hydrogen gas passed through the combustion tube after heating has
stopped?
.
.
[1 mark]
(ii) State how to determine that the reaction between copper oxide with hydrogen has
completed.
[1 mark]
(d) (i) State why the empirical formula of magnesium oxide cannot be determined by
using the same technique.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of another metal oxide whose empirical formula can be
determine using the same technique.
..
[1 mark]
(a)
SECTION B
Diagram 9.1 shows the atomic structure of two carbon isotopes.
Nucleus
6 neutrons
Nucleus
8 neutrons
Diagram 9.1
(a)
Compare the two isotopes above in terms of number of proton, number of electron, nucleon
number,physical properties and chemical properties.
[6 marks]
20
(b)
Diagram 9.2 shows the set up of apparatus used in experiment to determine the melting
points of X.
Q
Heat
Diagram 9.2
(i) Suggest one example of substance X.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of P. Explain why P is used?
[2 marks]
(iii)Graph 9 shows the heating curve of X.
Temperature /
0
C
0
Suhu / C
100
80
30
0
t1
t2
t3
Time/
minutes
Masa / minit
Graph 9
Describe Graph 9 in terms of state of matter, particles arrangement, kinetic energy of
particles and attraction forces between particles.
[10 marks]
(iv) After t3 minutes, X is cooled at room temperature. Sketch a graph of temperature
against time for cooling process.
.
[2 marks]
21
10
(a)
Helium, 24 He exists as a monoatomic gas whereas chlorine,

Explain why.
35
17
Cl exists as a diatomic gas.

[6 marks]
(b)
Table 10.1 shows the proton number of magnesium, chlorine and carbon.
Element
Magnesium
Chlorine
Carbon
12
17
Proton number
Table 10.1
(i)
Carbon reacts with chlorine to form a compound.

What type of the compound formed?
Draw the electron arrangement to show the chemical bond in the compound.
[3 marks]
(ii)
Explain how ionic bond is formed between magnesium and chlorine atoms.
[7 marks]
(c)
Diagram 10 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrical conductivity of

naphthalene and sodium chloride solution.
Bulb
Carbon
electrode
Compound
Diagram 10
Table 10.2 shows the result of the experiments.
Compound
Observation
Naphthalene
Bulb does not light up
Sodium chloride solution
Bulb lights up
Table 10.2
Explain the electrical conductivity of the two compounds.
[4 marks]
22
11. (a) The following are the formulae of two compounds.

Al2O3
PbO2
(i) Based on the two formulae, write the formula for ion aluminium and ion lead
[2 marks]
(ii) Name both compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature system.
[2 marks]
(b) The following information is about an organic compound, K.
Empirical formula is CH2O.
Relative molecular mass is 60.
Reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a type of gas that turns lime
water chalky.
Based on the information given:

(i) Determine the molecular formula of K.
[Relative atomic mass : H = 1, C = 12, O = 16]
[3 marks]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound K with calcium carbonate.
[2 marks]
(c) Diagram 11 shows the apparatus set up for experiment of decomposition of copper(II) carbonate. In this
experiment copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide gas are formed.
Copper(II) carbonate powder
Heat
Lime water
Diagram 11
Based on Diagram 11
(i) State two observations.
[2 marks]
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction
[2 marks]
(iii) ) State two informations from the chemical equation in (c)(ii).
[2 marks]
23
(v) Calculate the mass of the copper(II) oxide formed from the decomposition of 12.4 g of
copper(II) carbonate.
[ Relative atomic mass of C = 12; O = 16; Cu = 64]
[3 marks]
(vi) In other experiment 4.0 g copper(II) oxide is reacted with hydrogen gas to produce copper and water. If
the mass of copper in copper(II) oxide is 3.2 g, calculate the mass of oxygen and the simplest mole
ratio for the copper atoms to oxygen atoms
[ Relative atomic mass of O = 16; Cu = 64]
[2 marks]
12.
Table 12 shows the positive and negative ions in three salts solution.
Name of salt
Iron(III) chloride
Potassium sulphate
Lead(II) nitrate
Positive ion
Fe3+
K+
Pb2+
Negative ion
ClSO42NO3-
Table 12
Use the information in Table 12 to answer the following questions.
(a) (i) What are another name for a positively charged ion and negatively charged ion?
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the ions in iron(III) chloride.
[2 marks]
(iii) Write the formula for potassium sulphate.
[1 mark]
(b) When 10 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 potassium sulphate solution is added to excess lead(II) nitrate
solution, a white precipitate is formed.
(i) Name the white precipitate and write the chemical equation for the reaction.
[3 marks]
(ii) Describe the chemical equation in (b)(i).
[1 mark]
(iii) Calculate the mass of precipitate formed.
[Relative atomic mass of O = 16; S = 32; Pb = 207]
[4 marks]
(c) The information below is regarding an organic compound Z.
Relative molecular mass is 46

Carbon : 52.2%
Hydrogen : 13.0%
Oxygen : 34.8%
Relative atomic mass of H = 1; C = 12 and O = 16
Based on the information of the organic compound Z:

(i) Determine the molecular formula for compound Z and
[6 marks]
(ii) Draw its structural formula.

[1 mark]
24
SECTION C
13
(a)
An experiment is carried out using Group 1 elements; X, Y and Z react with oxygen
gas.The set-up of apparatus and observations of the reaction are shown in Table 13.
Set
Set-up of apparatus
Observation
Burns slowly and

white fumes formed
I
X
Burns vigorously and

white fumes formed
II
Y
Burns rapidly and

white fumes formed
III
Z
(b)
(c)
Table 13
(i) Based on the observation in Table 13, compare the reactivity of element X and Y.
Explain your answer.
[5 marks]
(ii) Suggest the name of element Z. Using the symbol of element suggested, write the
chemical equation for the reaction in set III.
[3 marks]
State how elements of Group 1 are stored in laboratory and give a reason.
[2 marks]
Group 1 elements react with water to produce alkaline solution.
Using an example of Group 1 element, describe an experiment to prove above statement.
Your description should include the following :
List of material and apparatus

Procedures of the experiment
Observation
Chemical equation
[10 marks]
25
14
Table 14 shows the melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity of compound PQ2
and compound XY.
Compound
(a)
(b)
(c)
Melting point and Boiling point
Electrical conductivity
Solid
Molten
Low
No
No
High
No
Yes
Table 14
Suggest one possible compound for P.
State the type of compound for P.
Explain why P has low melting and boiling points.
[4 marks]
Chemical formula of compound P is XY.
Suggest one possible electron arrangement of atom X and atom Y.
State the type of chemical bond and explain how the bond is formed between atom X and
atom Y.
[7 marks]
Plan one laboratory experiment to investigate the electrical conductivity of compound Q.
Your answer should include the following :
A list of material and apparatus
Observation of the experiment
A labeled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
[9 marks]
15 (a) Metal P has the following characteristics: Grey in colour

Can react with steam
Reactive metal
Based on the information above, state the method used to determine the empirical formula of oxide of
metal P.
Give a reason for your answer.
[2 marks]
(b) Diagram 15 shows the set up of apparatus for an experiment to determine the empirical
formula of the oxide of metal Y.
Combustion tube
Dry hydrogen
Oxide of metal Y
Diagram 15
The results are obtained as follows:
Mass of combustion tube + Porcelain dish
= 54.30 g
Mass of combustion tube + Porcelain dish + Oxide of Metal Y = 56.69 g
Mass of combustion tube + Porcelain dish + Metal Y
= 56.37 g
Table 15
26
(i) Based on the above information, determine the empirical formula of oxide of metal Y
Given that the relative atomic mass of O = 16, Y = 207
[4 marks]
(ii) Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all the air in the combustion
tube has been expelled
.
[3 marks]
(b) Describe an experiment on how to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. In your
description, state the precautions should be taken during the experiment and show how the empirical
formula of magnesium oxide is obtained.
[Relative atomic mass: O = 16; Mg = 24]
[11 marks]
16. (a) The following is the chemical formula of a compound.

SO3
Name the compound and describe the composition of this compound.
[3 marks]
(b) Excess calcium carbonate chips is added to 30 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 acid HX.
The chemical equation below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate and
acid HX.
CaCO3
nHX
CaX2
CO2
H2O
Given that the relative atomic mass of C = 12, O = 16 , Ca = 40 and the molar
volume of any gas is 24 dm3 mol-1 at room temperature and pressure.
(i) Suggest acid HX and name salt CaX2
Determine the value of n
[3 marks]
(ii) Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced.
[4 marks]
(c) You are provided with a sample of M oxide powder. The colour of the M oxide powder is green while
the colour of metal M is grey. When it is heated with hydrogen, the M oxide is reduced to M metal.
Based on the information given, describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of the M
oxide. In your description, include the precautions that should be taken and show how the empirical
formula of M oxide is obtained.
[Relative atomic mass of O = 16 and M = 56]
[10 marks]
27
CHEMISTRY MODULE
SET
1. Electrochemistry
2. Oxidation and Reduction
28
SECTION A
1
Diagram 1 shows the set-up of apparatus of a voltaic cell.
Zinc plate
Copper plate
Copper(II) nitrate solution
Diagram 1
Based on Diagram 1 , answer the following questions.
(a)
What is the energy change that occurs in the voltaic cell?

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)
Write the formula of all ions in copper(II) sulphate solution.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(i)
State the name of the negative terminal of the voltaic cell.
...............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
Give a reason for your answer in (c)(i).

.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d)
(i)
State one observation at copper plate.

.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
Write the half equation for the reaction occur at the copper plate.
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)
What is the colour change of the copper(II) sulphate solution? Give a reason.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(f)
Another experiment is carried out by replacing the zinc plate with P , Q and R metals.
Table 1 shows the results.
.Pair of metal
Voltage/V
Negative terminal
P/Cu
2.7
Q/Cu
2.0
R/Cu
0.5
R
Table 1
29
(i) Arrange P, Q, R and Cu metal in accending order of electropositivity.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Predict the voltage for pair of Q/R.
..................................................................................................................................
2.
[1 mark]
Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the reaction occurred in test tubes X and Y.
Test tube X
Test tube Y
Agar solution + Potassium
hexacyanoferrate(III) solution
+ Phenolphthalein
Iron(III) sulphate solution
Iron nail coiled with zinc
Zinc
Diagram 2
Heat
(a)
Based on test tube X,

(i)
Name the reaction occurred.
(ii)
[1 mark]
Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
(iii)
[2 marks]
Describe a chemical test to verify the product formed.
........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b)
Based on test tube Y,

(i)
State the observation involved.

................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
Experiment is repeated by using copper to replace zinc.

State the observation involved.
..................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Compare the answer in (b) (i) and (b) (ii) and explain why there is a difference in the observation.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) When iron is exposed to water and oxygen, it rusts easily. State one method to prevent the rusting of
iron.
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
30
SECTION B
3
Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of magnesium chloride
1.0 mol dm-3 solution.
Carbon
electrodes
Magnesium chloride 1.0 mol dm-3
A
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Diagram 3.1
Based on Diagram 3.1;
State the name of the products at the cathode and the anode.
Explain the reaction at cathode and anode. Include the following in your explanation:
List the ions attracted to cathode and anode.
State the ions selectively discharged at cathode and anode.
The reason why the ions are selectively discharged.
Half equation for the reaction at cathode and anode.
[10 marks]
Predict the product at anode and cathode if magnesium chloride 1.0 mol dm-3 solution
is replaced by magnesium chloride 0.0001 mol dm-3 solution.
[2 marks]
(b)
Diagram 3.2 shows the set up of apparatus when cell X is combined with cell Y.
Magnesium
plate
Copper plate
Copper plate
Copper(II) sulphate
solution
Cell X
Diagram 3.2
Cell Y
Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y in terms of following:
Types of cells
Energy changes
Name of electrodes
Ions in the electrolyte
Half equations
Observations
. [8 marks]
31
4 (a) The following are the formulae of two compounds.
Na2O
PbO2
(i)
Based on the two formulae , state the oxidation number for sodium and lead.
(ii)
State the name of the compounds based on the IUPAC nomenclature.
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 marks]
(b) Diagram 4 shows the observation of two experiment to study the effect of metal P and metal Q on the
rusting of iron.
Experiment
Experiment 1
Observation
Large amount of dark blue precipitate
Experiment 2
No dark blue precipitate.

Solution turns pink.
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Diagram 4
Suggest metal P and metal Q.
Explain the observations and write the chemical equation for the reaction in the experiment 1
and experiment 2.
[ 10 marks]
The equation shows a redox reaction. M is a metal.

X(s)
CuSO4 (aq)
XSO4 (aq) +
Cu(s)
Suggest metal X and explain the redox reaction in terms of the transfer of electrons .
[6 marks]
SECTION C
Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus for electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution.
1.0 moldm-3 sodium

sulphate solution
Carbon electrode X
Carbon electrode Y
Diagram 5
(a)
State the name of gas produced at electrode X and electrode Y.
[2 marks]
32
(b)
Explain the reaction at electrode X and electrode Y. Include the following inyour explanation.
List of ion attracted to each electrodes, X and Y.
State the name of the ions selectively discharged at each electrode.
The reason why the ion are selectively discharged.
[5 marks]
When sodium sulphate solution is replaced by a solution of substance Z with same concentration,
the equal gas produced at electrode X and electrode Y .
Suggest the substance Z. Write the half equation for the reaction at electrode X.
[3 marks]
Zinc is placed above metal A in the electrochemical series. Zinc and metal A can be used to build a
chemical cell, using suitable apparatus and the following chemicals ;
(c)
(d)
Zinc
Zinc nitrate solution
Metal A
A nitrate solution
By naming metal A and A nitrate solution, describe how you build the chemical cell.
Include a labelled diagram in your answer.
On your diagram, mark the direction of electron flow, the positive terminal and the negative
terminal.
[ 10 marks]
6
(a)
The following are the equations of two reactions:

Reaction I
NaOH + HCl
NaCl
Reaction II
Mg + Zn(NO3)2
Mg(NO3)2
H2O
+
Zn
Determine which reaction is a redox reaction.

Explain your answer in terms of oxidation number.
[4 marks]
(b) Table 6 shows the observations of two experiments to determine the position of carbon in the
reactivity series of metal.
Experiment
Reactants
Carbon + oxide of metal P
II
Carbon + oxide of metal Q
III
Carbon + oxide of metal R
Observation
A flame spreads to the whole mixture.
A brown residue is formed.
No change
A glow spreads to the whole mixture. A
grey residue is formed.
Table 6
Based on observations in Table 6, arrange the reactivity of metals P, Q, and R in descending order.
[6 marks]
(c)
Iron(II) ions can be converted to iron(III) ions and iron(III) ions can be converted back to iron(II) ions.
By using a named metal as a reducing agent and a named halogen as an oxidising agent, describe
briefly how you would carry out these two conversion.
Describe a test to show that each conversion has taken place.
[ 10 marks]
33
CHEMISTRY MODULE
SET
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acids and Bases

Salts
Rate of reaction
Thermochemistry
34
SECTION A
1.
Diagram 1 shows four test tubes labeled A,B,C and D which are used to study the relationship
between pH value of acid and alkali with the molarity.
pH paper
A
5 cm HCl
0.1 mol dm-3
3
B
5 cm HCl
0.01 mol dm-3
3
C
5 cm NaOH
0.1 mol dm-3
3
D
5 cm NaOH
0.01 moldm-3
3
Diagram 1
(a)
Determine which solution has

(i)
highest pH value.
.........
[1 mark]
(ii)
lowest pH value. Give a reason for your answer.
`
.............
[2 marks]
(b)
If the hydrochloric acid in test tube B is replaced with 5 cm3 of 0 .01 mol dm-3ethanoic acid,
predict the pH value of the solution. Explain your answer
.....
.
[3 marks]
(c)
Excess of magnesium powder is added to 5 cm3 of 0.1moldm-3 hydrochloric acid in test tube A
(i)
State the name of the products formed.
.
.....
[1 mark]
(ii)
Write the chemical equation for the reaction in test tube A
[1 mark]
(iii)
Calculate volume of hydrogen gas released at room conditions in test tube A
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
[3 marks]
35
(d)
If the solution in test tube C is added to lead(II) nitrate solution. State the observation from the
reaction.
.
[1 mark]
2. (a)
Diagram 2.1 shows the pH value of glacial ethanoic acid in solvent P and solvent Q
respectively.
7.0
4.8
Glacial ethanoic acid

+ solvent P
Glacial ethanoic acid +

solvent Q
Diagram 2.1
(i)
Suggest solvent P and solvent Q.

Solvent P: ....
Solvent Q: .
[2 marks]
(ii)
(iii)
If magnesium ribbon is added into beaker containing glacial ethanoic acid and solvent
P, what can be observed?
.
[1 mark]
Explain why ethanoic acid in solvent P and solvent Q has different the pH value.
.
.
.
...
[3 marks]
(b)
Diagram 2.2 shows the concentration of hydrochloric acid in volumetric flask when a certain
volume of hydrochloric from the beaker is transferred to the volumetric flask and added with
water
Add water
100 cm3 of 0.5 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid
Diagram 2.2
250 cm3 of 0.04 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid
36
(i)
What happen to the pH value of the hydrochloric acid when water is added to the acid?
.
.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Calculate the volume of hydrochloric acid that is needed to prepare 250cm3 of 0.04 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid.
[2 marks]
3. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the properties of three solutions. Diagram 3 shows the
results of the experiments.
Test tube
Set-up of
apparatus
P
Red litmus
Paper
Ammonia gas
dissolved in
water
Observation
(a)
Red litmus
Paper
Ammonia gas
dissolved in
propanone
The red litmus

paper turned blue.
Magnesium
Hydrogen
chloride gas
dissolved in water
No change
Diagram 3
What is meant by strong alkali?
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b)
What is the property of the solution in test tube P?

.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c)
What are the types of particles that exist in the test tubes P and Q?
Particles in the test tube P: ..........................................................................................
Particles in the test tube Q: .........................................................................................
(d)
[2 marks]
Is there any changes of colour of the litmus paper in test tube Q? Give a reason to your answer.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
37
(e)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
What can be observed in test tube R?
......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Write a chemical equation for the reaction in test tube R.
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
2.4 g of magnesium is reacted completely with the solution in test tube R.
Calculate the volume of the hydrogen gas produced at room condition
[Relative atomic mass: Mg,24; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions]
[2 marks]
Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-upfor the neutralisation reaction between sulphuric acid and
potassium hydroxide solution for preparation of salt X.
15 cm3of 0.1mol dm-3

sulphuric acid
25.0 cm3 potassium hydroxide

solution + phenolphthalein
indicator
Diagram 4
(a) (i)
State the colour change of the solution in the conical flask at the end point.
(ii)
.
[1 mark]
Write a chemical equation for the above reaction.
(iii)
.
[2 marks]
Calculate the concentration of potassium hydroxide used.
[2 marks]
(b) (i)
State the name of salt X.

..
38
[1 marks]
(ii)
Calculate the maximum mass of salt X formed.

[Molar mass of salt X = 174 g mol-1]
[3 marks]
The experiment is repeated with 0.1 mol dm-3 nitric acid to replace sulphuric acid. Predict the
volume of nitric acid needed to neutralize completely potassium hydroxide
(c) (i)
..
[1 mark]
Explain your answer in (c) (i).
(iii)
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
[2marks]
5. Diagram 5 shows a series reaction of copper compound.
Copper(II)
nitrate
Sodium carbonate
Copper(II)
carbonate
Heat
Copper(II)
oxide
Gas X
Acid Y
Copper(II) sulphate
Diagram 5
(a) Copper(II) nitrate solution reacts with sodium carbonate solution to form copper(II) carbonate
precipitate.
(i)
What is the colour of copper(II) carbonate?
(ii)
.............
[1 mark]
State the name of the reaction.
.........................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Heating of copper(II) carbonate produces copper(II) oxide and gas X.
(b)
(i)
State the name of gas X.
(ii)
..
[1 mark]
Write the chemical equation of the reaction.
...................................................................
[2 mark]
39
(iv)
(c)
Draw a labeled diagram for the heating of copper(II) carbonate to produce copper(II) oxide
and gas X. In your diagram show how gas X is tested.
[2 marks]
Copper(II) carbonate reacts with acid Y to produce copper(II) sulphate. The chemical equation is
shown below.
CuCO3 +
Acid Y CuSO4 + CO2 + H2O
(i)
What is acid Y?
(ii)
[1 mark]
12.4 g copper(II) carbonate reacts completely with excess acid Y.
Calculate the mass of copper(II) sulphate formed.
[Relative atomic mass: C = 12, O=16 , S = 32, Cu = 64]
[3 marks]
6. Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction. The results are
shown in the Table 6
Experiment
Reactants
Temperature / 0C
Time taken for all the

magnesium to dissolve/s
0.4g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm3

1 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid
30
100
II
0.4g magnesium powder and 50 cm3

1 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid
30
60
III
0.4g magnesium ribbon and 50 cm3

1 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid and copper(II)
sulphate solution
30
45
Table 6
(a)
Write a chemical equation to show the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
(b)
[2 marks]
Calculate the number of mole of
(i)
Magnesium
[Relative atomic mass of Mg = 24]
(ii)
Hydrochloric acid
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
40
(c)
If hydrochloric acid used is excess, calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produce at
room temperature and pressure.
[1 mole of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]
(d)
Calculate the average rate of reaction for

(i)
Experiment I
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
(ii)
Experiment II.
(iii)
What is the purpose of using copper(II) sulphate?
[1 mark]
.
[1 mark]
(f)
The factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment is total surface area and the use of
catalyst. State two other factors that affect the rate reaction in this experiment.
..
[2 marks]
7. Diagram 7 shows two experiments to investigate one of the factors that affect the rate of reaction between
zinc and hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen gas
Experiment I
50 cm3 1 mol dm-3HCl
Excess zinc
granules
Hydrogen gas
50 cm3 1 mol dm-3HCl +

copper(II) sulphate
solution
Experiment II
Excess zinc
granules
Diagram 7
(a) (i) Based on Diagram 7, state the factor that affect the rate of reaction in this experiment.
.
[1 mark]
41
(ii) Besides measuring the change of volume of gas released at certain time interval, suggest another
measurable change to determine the rate of reaction?
..
[1 mark]
(b) In Experiment II, 2.0 cm3 0.5 moldm-3copper(II) sulphate solution is added. The maximum volume of
hydrogen gas released in Experiment I is V cm3.
(i) Compare the volume of gas released in Experiment I and Experiment II.
..
.
[2 marks]
(ii) The graph of volume of hydrogen gas released against time in Experiment I is shown below.
Volume of gas
released/ cm3
Key :
Experiment I :
Experiment II :
..
Time / s
Sketch the curve for Experiment II on the same axes in the graph above.
[2 marks]
(iii) With reference to collision theory, explain how copper(II) sulphate solution affect the rate of
reaction in this experiment.
[3 marks]
(c) Table 7.1 shows three experiments done by a student.
Experiment
A
B
C
Reactants
Excess calcium carbonate chips + 25 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3
hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid
hydrochloric acid
Table 7.1
42
The graph of volume of carbon dioxide released against time is sketched as shown in graph 7
Based on the above table and graph, determine which curve represents the results for experiment B
and C. Write your answers in the boxes provided.
Volume of
carbon
dioxide
/cm3
Experiment
A
Graph 7
Time/s
[1 mark]
8.
An experiment is conducted to study the heat of displacement for reaction between copper(II) sulphate
and excess magnesium powder. 50.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution is poured into a
polystyrene cup and the initial temperature is recorded. The excess magnesium powder is added to the
same polystyrene cup. The mixture is stirred slowly and the highest temperature is recorded.
Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solution
=
28.5 oC
Highest temperature of mixture
=
33.5 oC
[Relative atomic mass : Cu=64; S=32; O=16; Zn= 65;
(a)
What is the meaning of heat of displacement in this experiment?

............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
(b)
Why does zinc in the form of powder is used in this experiment?
(c)
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
Write the ionic equation for the reaction in this experiment.

............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d)
(i)
Based on the experiment, calculate the heat energy released.

[1 mark]
(ii) number of mole of copper(II) sulphate that has reacted

[1 mark]
(iii) heat of displacement in this reaction
[2 marks]
(e)
Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction.
[3 marks]
43
(f)
Why polystyrene cup is used in this experiment?
[1 mark]
9.
Diagram 9 shows the apparatus set-up to determine heat of displacement of copper by using zinc
powder. The result of the experiment is recorded in the Table 9.
5 g of zinc powder
Plastic cup
50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3
copper(II) sulphate solution
Diagram 9
Initial temperature of copper(II) sulphate solution (oC)
o
Highest temperature of the mixture ( C)
30.0
38.0
Table 9
(a)
What is the meaning of heat of displacement?
[1 mark]
(b)
Why plastic cup is used in this experiment.
(c)
[1 mark]
State the type of reaction that occurs based on the temperature change.
[1 mark]
(d)
Calculate :
(i)
the heat change for the reaction
[Specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1; Density of solution = 1 g cm-3]
[1 mark]
(ii)
the heat of displacement for the reaction.
[2 marks]
(e)
Draw energy level diagram for the reaction.
[3 marks]
44
(f)
Experiment is repeated by using 100 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate solution.
(i)
Predict the temperature change in the experiment.

.
...
[1 mark]
(ii)
Explain your answer in (e) (i).

...
...
...
[2 marks]
10.
The equation for combustion of propanol in excess oxygen is given below.

+ 9 O2
3CO2 + 4H2O , H = -2015 kJ mol-1
2
2
What is meant by heat of combustion in this reaction?
C3H7OH
(a)
..........................................
[1 mark]
(b)
State two information that can be obtained from the equation

...........................................
(c)
[2 mark]
Heat given out from the complete combustion of 1.2 g propanol is used to heat 200 cm3 of water.
Calculate:
(i)
The heat energy given out in the reaction.
[Molar mass of propanol, C3H7OH = 60 gmol-1]
[2 marks]
(ii)
The temperature change in the reaction.

[Spesific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1 ; Density of water = 1 gcm-3 ]
[2 marks]
(d)
Draw the energy level diagram for this reaction.
[3 marks]
45
(e)
The value of the heat of combustion of propanol obtained from the experiment is less than the
theoretical value. Suggest one precaution step that should be taken in order to get a more accurate result.
............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(f)
Table 10 show s the molecular formula and the heat of combustion for methanol and ethanol.
Molecular formula
Heat of combustion/kJmol-1
Methanol
CH3OH
-728
Ethanol
C2H5OH
-1376
Alcohol
Table 10
Based on the information in Table 10, explain why there is a difference in the value of heat of
combustion between methanol and ethanol.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
11.
SECTION B
(a) A student has carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of lead(II)
iodide. Seven test tubes of the same size were labeled 1 to 7. A fixed volume of 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol
dm-3 potassium iodide solution was poured in each test tube. The volume of 1.0 mol dm-3lead(II)
nitrate solution that added are shown in Table 11. The height of precipitate formed in each test tube
was measured. The results are shown in Table 11.
Test tube
Volume of 1.0 moldm-3 lead(II)
nitrate solution / cm3
Height of precipitate /cm
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.1
2.2
3.4
4.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
Table 11
(i)
Based on Table 11, plot a graph of the height of precipitate against volume of lead(II) nitrate
solution.
[3 marks]
(ii)
Determine the number of moles of lead(II) ions and iodide ions that are required for the
formation of lead(II) iodide. Your answer should consist of the following:
the volume of lead(II) nitrate solution that had reacted completely with 5.0 cm3 of 1.0
mol dm-3 potassium iodide
calclate the number of moles of lead(II) ions and iodide ions
calculate the number of moles of iodide ions that has reacted with 1 mol of lead(II) ions.
write the ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide.
[7 marks]
46
(b)
Diagram 11 shows the flow chart of reaction of salt J. X oxide which is brown when hot and yellow
when cold is formed when salt J is heated strongly. Salt J dissolves in water to form colourless
solution. The solution formed is tested with potassium iodide, KI solution.
Salt J
H2O
X Oxide
Brown gas Y
Colourless gas Z
Potassium iodide
solution
Salt J solution
Yellow precipitate L
Diagram 11
Based on the information in Diagram 11:
(i)
Identify salt J, X oxide, brown gas Y, colourless gas Z and yellow precipitate L.
(ii)
12.
[5 marks]
State the name of the anion present in salt J. Then describe one chemical test to determine the
presence of anion in salt J.
[5 marks]
Diagram 12.1 shows a series of reaction for salt S which is a green colour compound. Salt S is heated
strongly to produce black residue of compound T and gas U.
Compound T reacts with sulphuric acid to form blue solution of compound W.
Heat
Salt S
Compound T
Pass through
lime water
+ H2SO4
Compound W
Gas U
Lime water turns cloudy
Diagram 12.1
Based on Diargram 12.1:
(a)
(i)
Suggest one formula of the anion in salt S.

[1 mark]
(ii)
Identify salt S, compound T, gas U and compound W.

[4 marks]
(b)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between compound T and sulphuric acid.
[2 marks]
(c)
Compound W is a soluble salt. Describe chemical test to verify the cation and anion in
compound W.
[5 marks]
47
(d)
Diagram 12.2 shows the chemical equation for the reaction between blue solution of
compound W and barium nitrate solution.
Compound W(aq)+ Ba(NO3)2(aq)
Salt X(s) + Salt Y(aq)
Diagram 12.2
Based on Diagram 12.2:
(i)
State the name of salt X and salt Y.

[2 marks]
(ii)
State one observation and name the type of reaction occurred.

[2 marks]
(iii)
Compound W reacts with 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 barium nitrate solution.
Write the ionic equation for the reaction and calculate the mass of salt X produced.
[Relative molecular mass of salt X: 233]
[4 marks]
13 (a) Table 13 shows the incomplete observation for two experiments to construct balanced chemical
equation.
Experiment
A
B
Procedure
Copper(II) carbonate is heated and the gas
produced is passed through lime water..
Observation
Green solid turns black.
The lime water turns milky.
Potassium iodide solution is added to lead(II)

nitrate solution.
Table 13
(i) Based on the observation, state the name of the products in experiment A and write the chemical
equation for the reaction.
[3 marks ]
(ii) State one observation in experiment B and state the name of the products formed.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
[4 marks ]
(b) You are given aluminium nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution.
Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the cations and anion in each solutions.
[8 marks]
(c) Excess of solid copper(II) oxide is added to 25 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3sulphuric acid to form copper(II)
sulphate.
[Relative atomic mass, Cu=64, S=32, O=16]
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction
(ii) Calculate the mass of copper (II) sulphate produced
[5 marks]
48
14 (a)
(i)
Rate of a given reaction is important in industries and in our everyday lives.

State the four factors that affect the rate of reaction.
[4 marks]
(ii) What are the conditions required for the production of ammonia in Haber Process?
[3 marks]
(b) A student carried out two experiments to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction.
Diagram 3.1 shows the set-up of apparatus of the experiments.
Experiment
Set-up of apparatus
Excess hydrochloric acid

0.2mol dm-3
I
Water
Air
0.2 g calcium carbonate

powder
Excess hydrochloric acid

0.5mol dm-3
II
Water
Air
0.2 g calcium carbonate

powder
Diagram 14.1
Table 14.2 shows the result of the experiments.
Time /s
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
Volume of gas of Experiment I /cm3
0.00
5.00
10.00
14.20
18.00
21.30
24.00
26.00
0.00
10.00 17.00
Table 14.2
23.00
25.00
26.00
26.00
26.00
Volume of gas of Experiment II /cm
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Plot the graph of the volume of carbon dioxide gas against time for Experiment I and II on
the same axes on the graph paper provided .
[4 marks]
Calculate the average rate of reaction for Experiment I and II.
[4 marks]
Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II.
Explain the differences in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision theory.
[5 marks]
49
Question 14 (b) (i)
50
15. (a) A fixed mass of magnesium is added to 50 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3 of excess sulphuric acid . State 3 ways to
shorten the time for the magnesium to dissolve completely.
[3 marks]
(b) When potassium chlorate(V) is heated, it decomposed to release oxygen gas according to the equation
below.
2KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2
(i) Name a suitable catalyst that can be used to increase the rate of decomposition of potassium
chlorate(V)
[1 mark]
(ii) State 2 characteristics of a catalyst
[2 marks]
(iii) Contact Process is an industrial process to manufacture sulphuric acid in large scale. State and
justify any two of the conditions involved in this process .
[4 marks]
(c) The graph below shows the change of rate of reaction with time when excess calcium carbonate
granules is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid. State and explain how the rate of reaction changes
with time.
Rate of reaction
[3 marks]
Time / s
(d) Describe an experiment to study the effect of catalyst manganese(IV) oxide on the rate of
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
[7 marks]
16.(a) Diagram 16.1 and 16.2 show energy level diagrams.
Energy
Energy
Mg(s) + FeSO4
CaCO3 + 2NaCl
H= - 200 kJmol-1
MgSO4 + Fe
Diagram 16.1
(b)
H= + 12.6 kJmol-1
CaCl2 + Na2CO3
Diagram 16.2
(i)
Compare both the energy level diagrams above. Your explanation should include the
following
ionic equations
type of chemical reactions
energy content of reactants and products
[6 marks]
(ii)
Based on diagram 16.1, calculate the change in temperature of the solution if excess
magnesium powder is added to 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 iron(II) sulphate solution.
[Given that Specific heat capacity of solution : 4.2 J g -1 oC-1]
[3 marks]
Explain why the heat of reaction between 1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and 1.0 mole of sodium
chloride solution is the same as the heat of reaction between 1.0 mole of silver nitrate solution and
0.5 mole of magnesium chloride solution.
[4 marks]
51
(c)
A student carried out an experiment to determine the heat of neutralisation for the reaction between
50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution.
The following data was obtained:
Initial temperature of hydrochloric acid
= 30.2 oC
Initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution
= 30.2 oC
Highest temperature of the mixture of the solutions = 42.2 oC
(i)
Calculate the heat of neutralisation for this reaction.

[Given that specific heat capacity of solution = 4.2 J g -1 oC -1]
[3 marks]
If the experiment is repeated using 100 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and 100 cm3
of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution and all other conditions are the same, predict the
increase in temperature. Explain your answer.
[4 marks]
SECTION C
17. (a) Acid HX is a monoprotic acid while H2X is a diprotic acid. Both acid HX and H2X are strong acid.
Using suitable examples, explain what is meant by
(ii)
(i) diprotic acid

(ii) strong acid
[ 4 marks ]
(b) Table 9 shows the pH value of sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia of the same concentration
Alkali
Sodium hydroxide solutiom
Ammonia aqueous solutiom
Concentration / moldm-3
0.1
0.1
pH
13
11
Explain why sodium hydroxide solution and aqueous ammonia of the same concentration have different
pH value.
[ 6 marks ]
(c) Describe how to prepare 250 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide starting from solid potassium
hydroxide. State the size of volumetric flask used and calculate mass of potassium hydroxide needed.
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; O, 16; K, 39]
[ 10 marks ]
18 (a) Salts is widely used in various fields.
Name one example of salt and its uses in each of the following fields:
(i)
agriculture
(ii)
food preparation
(iii)
medicine
[6 marks]
(b) By using all the chemical substances given bellow and suitable apparatus, describe a laboratory
experiment to prepare dry zinc sulphate salt.
zinc nitrate solution

Dilute sulphuric acid
sodium carbonate solution
In your description, include chemical equations involved.

[12marks]
52
19
Sodium thiosulphate solution reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sulphur,
pungent gas sulphur dioxide, water and salt
(a) Write an ionic equation to represent the reaction given in the box above.
[2 marks]
(b) The rate of the above reaction can be measured based on the mass of sulphur produced.
Based on this statement,state the meaning of the rate of reaction.
[2 marks]
(c) Suggest two factors that can affect the rate of reaction stated above and state the respective effects on
the rate of reaction.
[4 marks]
(d) You are given a conical flask, a piece of white paper and all other common apparatus found in normal
school laboratory. Describe an experiment to show the effect of one of the factors that you have given
in (b). In your answer, you are required to show how the data obtained can be analysed to help you
draw the conclusion for your experiment.
[12 marks]
20.
Table 20.1 shows the data from Experiment I and Experiment II that were carried out to study the rate
of reaction of magnesium ribbon with two acids, X and Y .
Experiment
Reactants
Products
Excess of magnesium ribbon and 50

cm3 of acid X 1.0 mol dm-3
Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas
II
Excess of magnesium ribbon and 50

cm3 of acid Y 1.0 mol dm-3
Magnesium sulphate and hydrogen gas
Table 20.1
(a) (i) State the name of acids X and Y.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction of acid X with magnesium.
[3 marks]
(ii) Calculate the number of mol of acid X or acid Y that react with excess magnesium ribbon.
[1 mark]
(iii) Based on this experiment what is meant by the rate of reaction?
[1 mark]
(b) (i) At the same axis, sketch the graph of volume of gas against time for experiment I and
experiment II.
[2 marks]
(ii) Compare the rate of reaction in experiment I and II . Explain your answer based on collision
theory.
[5 marks]
(c) Describe one laboratory experiment to conduct the Experiment I or Experiment II to determine
the rate of reaction. Your answer should include the following :
A labeled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
Procedures of the experiment
A table to collect the data
[8 marks]
53
21
(a)
A student carried out an experiment in the laboratory to determine the heat of precipitation of
silver chloride, AgCl using the following chemical substances :
25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 silver nitrate solution
25 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium chloride solution
Table 21.1 shows the result of the experiment :
Initial temperature of silver nitrate, AgNO3 solution
29.0 oC
Initial temperature of sodium chloride, NaCl solution
29.0 oC
Highest temperature of reaction mixture
33.0 oC
Table 21.1
(b)
(i)
Calculate the heat of precipitation of silver chloride

[ Specific heat capacity for all solution is 4.2 Jg-1oC-1and the density of all solution is 1.0 g
cm-3]
(ii)
Draw an energy level diagram for the reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride.
[4 marks]
Table 10.2 shows the heat released for Experiment I, II and III using different acid that has been
reacted with sodium hydroxide solution.
Experiment
Chemical Equation
Heat released
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
57
II
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
54
III
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
114
Based on Table 21.2, explain the difference in heat released between :

(i)
Experiment I and Experiment II
(ii)
Experiment I and Experiment III
(c)
[6 marks]
Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of displacement of metal by a more

electropositive metal. In your description, include the following aspects :
Materials and apparatus needed
Procedure of experiment
A table to collect data
Calculation method
[10 marks]
54
22 (a)
(b)
What is meant by exothermic and endothermic reaction?

Compare the changes in energy content of the reactants and products for both of the reactions.
[4 marks]
Diagram represent the energy level diagram for a chemical reaction
Energy
C +
H= + x kJ mol-3
A + B
State four information that can be obtained from the above diagram.
[4 marks]
(c)
Reaction I and II below are the thermochemical equation for the heat of precipitation.
Reaction I : AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
H = - 210 kJmol-1
Reaction II : AgNO3 + KCl AgCl + KNO3
H = - 210 kJmol-1
Explain why the value of heat of precipitation in reactions I and II are the same.
[4 marks]
d)
Ca2+(aq) +
CO32- (aq) CaCO3 (s)
H = + 12.6 kJmol-1
Describe a laboratory experiment to determine the heat of reaction for the above reaction. In your
answer, include the following :
chemicals required
procedures of the experiment
results and calculation involved
[8 marks]
23.
The thermochemical equation for the combustion of butanol is given as follows:

C4H9OH + 6O2 4CO2 + 5H2O
H = -2679 kJmol-1
[Relative atomic mass : H=1, C=12, O=16, specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 Jg-1 oC-1]
(a)
State three information that can be obtained from the above equation.
[3 marks]
(b) Calculate the mass of butanol that must be burnt to raise the temperature of 400 cm3 of water
by 25C.
[3 marks]
(c)
Describe an experiment to determine the heat of combustion of butanol. Your answer should
include:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
apparatus set-up
procedure of the experiment
data obtained from the experiment
calculation of heat of combustion of butanol.
[2 marks]
[6 marks]
[2 marks]
[4 marks]
55
CHEMISTRY MODULE
SET
1.
2.
3.
Carbon Compounds
Manufactured Substances in Industry
Chemicals for Consumers
56
SECTION A
1.
Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of compound X.
Diagram 1
(a) Compound X is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.
What is the meaning of unsaturated hydrocarbon?
....................................................................................
[2 marks]
(b) State the homologous series for compound X.
............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Name the compound X.
............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) At 180 oC and in the presence of nickel as catalyst, compound X can be changed into saturated
hydrocarbon compound.
(i) Name the reaction.
............................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structural formula for the compound formed.
[1 mark]
(e) Compound X burns completely in excess oxygen.
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of X.
..............................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(ii) 2.1 g of compound X undergoes complete combustion at room conditions.
Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas released.
[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room conditions; Relative atomic mass: H = 1; C = 12]
[2 marks]
57
2.
Diagram 2 shows a series of reactions.

Compound P with the molecular formula C2H6O, can be prepared through fermentation of glucose
solution.
Glucose
Compound P
C2H6O
Reaction I
Compound Q
Reaction II
Compound R
Diagram 2
(a) Name the compound P.
.........................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the functional group of compound P.
.........................................
[1 mark]
(c) In the reaction I, compound Q is produced when an acidified potassium dichromate (VI) solution is
added into a test tube containing compound P.
(i) Name the reaction I.
....................................
[1 mark]
(ii) State one observation for this reaction.
.................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the structural formula of compound Q.
[1 mark]
(d) In the reaction II, compound R is formed when compound P reacts with compound Q in the
presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(i) Name the reaction II.
(ii)
....................................
[1 mark]
Name the compound R.
(iii)
..................................
[1 mark]
Give one special physical property of compound R.
....................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction II.
........................................
[2 marks]
58
3.
Diagram 3 shows a series of reactions involving compound Q, C2H6O.

Glucose
I
Water
Gas P
II
Yeast
III
Compound Q, C2H6O
Combustion
Gas R
pieces of porcelain
IV Acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution
Compound S, C2H4O2
Compound T
Concentrated sulphuric acid,

refluxed with compound Q.
Diagram 3
(a)
(i) State the name of reaction I.

.....
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of compound Q.
..........
[1 mark]
(iii) Draw the structural formula for compound Q.
[1 mark]
(b)
Write a chemical equation for the complete combustion of compound Q.

...
[2 marks]
(c) (i) State the name of gas R that produced in reaction III.
.....
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the set-up of apparatus to carry out reaction III in the laboratory.
[2 marks]
(d) State the change of colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution in reaction IV.
[1 mark]
59
(e) (i) State the name of reaction V.

.
[1 mark]
(ii) State the name of compound T.
.
[1 mark]
4. (a) The following flow chart shows the steps involved in the manufacture of an industrial
substance L and the production of fertiliser M.
(i) What is substance L?

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Name the industrial process to produce substance L.
..
[1 mark]
iii) What is substance K?
...
[1 mark]
(iv) The conversion of sulphur dioxide to substance M is very slow. Catalyst and high temperature are
used to overcome these problems. State the catalyst and the temperature used.
[2 marks]
(v) What is fertiliser M?
.
[1 mark]
(b) Table 4 shows the manufactured substances in industries.
Material
Substance L
Alloy
Polymer
Glass
Example
Reinforced
concretes
Bronze
Polyvinyl
chloride (PVC)
Borosilicate
glass
Table 4
Based on Table 4, answer the following questions.
(i) State the name of substance L.
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw and label the arrangement of atoms in bronze.
[2 marks]
60
(iii) Write the chemical equation for the polymerisation process of Polyvinyl chloride.
..
[1 mark]
(iv) State one reason for borosilicate glass to use in laboratory glassware.
..
[1 mark]
5. (a) Soap can be prepared from the reaction between oil and concentrated sodium hydroxide.
Diagram 5 shows the equation for the reaction.
O
CH2
R
CH2OH
O
CH2
3NaOH
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
CH2
Soap Y +
R
Diagram 5
R is a carbon chain with 15 carbon atoms.
(i) State what is soap.

..
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structural formula for soap Y formed . On the diagram you have drawn , label the
hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the soap
[2 marks]
(iii) Name this reaction

.
[1 mark]
(iv) During the preparation of soap, sodium chloride is added to the soap mixture. Explain why?
[1 mark]
61
(b)
Medicine is often given to patients to cure or prevent diseases. The table below shows the examples of
four types of commonly used medicines.
Medicine
Example
Analgesics
Aspirin
Q
Penicillin
Psychotherapeutic medicine
P
(i) What is the function of analgesics medicines?

....
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the negative effect of taking aspirin.
....
[1 mark]
(iii) State the type of medicine for Q.
...
[1 mark]
(iv) Why is it very important to follow the prescription and to complete the dosage when taking
penicillin?
....
....
[1 mark]
(v) State one example of P.
..
[1 mark]
62
SECTION B
6 (a)
Table 6 shows some information about three members of a homologous series.

Member of
homologous series
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Boiling
point (C)
78
97
118
Preparation
Oxidation product
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH

C3H6 + H2O C3H7OH
C4H8 + H2O C4H9OH
Table 6
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
Based on Table 6, state and explain five characteristics of a homologous series.

[10 marks]
(b)
The following information is about an organic compound X.
Empirical formula is CH2O
Relative molecular mass is 60
Reacts with calcium carbonate to produce a type of gas that turns lime water chalky
Based on the information given:
(i)
State the molecular formula of X.

(Relative atomic mass : C = 12, H = 1, O = 16)
[2 marks]
(ii)
State the name of the homologous series for X and explain your answer.
[2 marks]
(iii)
(c)
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of compound X with calcium
carbonate.
[2 marks]
Diagram 6 shows the structural formulae of hydrocarbon of compounds P and Q.
Compound P
Compound Q
Diagram 6
Compare and contrast these two hydrocarbons based on their structures.
[4 marks]
7.
(a)
A hydrocarbon M, consists of 85.7% of carbon and X% of hydrogen by mass.

[Relative atomic mass: C = 12; H = 1 , Relative molecular mass of M = 56.]
(i)
What is the value of X.

[1 mark]
(ii)
Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of hydrocarbon X.
(iii)
Draw the structural of the two isomers of hydrocarbon M.

Write the names for each isomer
(iv)
Compound M burns with sootier flames as compared to butane.

Explain and prove.
[5 marks]
[4 marks]
[3 marks]
63
(b)
Natural rubber is a natural polymer.

(i)
Give another two examples of natural polymer.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Name and draw the structural formula of the monomer of natural rubber.
[2 marks]
(c)
The tyres of aircrafts are made from vulcanised rubber.

(i)
What is vulcanised rubber?
[1 marks]
(ii)
Explain why vulcanised rubber is more elastic than unvulcanised rubber.

[2 marks]
(a)
Diagram 8.1 shows the structural formula of two of hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbon A
Hydrocarbon B
Diagram 8.1
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
State the type of bond, homologous series and general formula of hydrocarbon A and
hydrocarbon B.
[6 marks]
Complete combustion of hydrocarbon A produces gas C and water.
State the name of gas C and write the chemical equation for the reaction.
[3 marks]
Which hydrocarbon change the colour of bromine water from brown to colourless. Explain
your answer.
[3 marks]
Diagram 8.2 shows the burning of hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B in air.
Soot
Filter paper
Porcelain dish
Hydrocarbon A
Hydrocarbon B
Diagram 8.2
Compare the sootiness of hydrocarbon A and hydrocarbon B.

[Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1, C = 12]
[4 marks]
64
(b)
Diagram 8.3 shows the reaction between carboxylic acid X and alcohol Y.
Carboxylic acid X
Alcohol Y
Water
Diagram 8.3
Draw the structural formula and state the name of carboxylic acid X and alcohol Y.
[4 marks]
9. (a) Sulphur dioxide, SO2, is one of the by-products of the Contact Process.
It can cause environmental pollution like acid rain.
Sulphur dioxide gas dissolves in rain water to produce sulphurous acid
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between sulphur dioxide gas and rain water.
(ii) State three effects of acid rain to the environment.
[4 marks]
(b)
Diagram 7 shows an industry preparation of sulphuric acid by the Contact Process.

Stage I
S
Oxygen
Stage III
Stage II
SO2
SO3
Oxygen
Stage IV
X
Concentrated
sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Water
Diagram 9
(i) Name the compound X.
(ii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction at stage II.
(iii) The chemical equation below shows the reaction between sulphur and oxygen gas
at stage I.
S + O2 SO2
Given that the relative atomic mass of S = 32, O = 16 and the molar volume of any gas is
24 dm3mol-1 at room temperature and pressure.
Calculate the maximum volume of sulphur dioxide gas produced if 48 g of sulphur is burnt
completely in oxygen gas.
[6 marks]
(c) Brass is an alloy of copper. Pure copper is ductile and malleable whereas brass is stronger and harder
than copper.
(i) Explain why pure copper is ductile and malleable?
[5 marks]
(ii) Name the element which is added to copper to make brass. Explain why brass is strong and harder
than copper. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of atoms in brass.
[5 marks]
65
10. (a) Food preservatives are substances added to food so that the food can be kept for longer periods
for time. Using two suitable examples, explain how they work as preservative.
[4 marks]
(b) The following is the information about a child.
2 years old
High fever
Whooping cough
(i) Can aspirin be used to treat the child? Explain why.
(ii) Name two examples of modern medicine that can be used to treat the child .
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
(iii) Explain the effect if the precautions states in (b)(ii) are not followed properly.
[2 marks]
(c ) Table 10 shows the food additives that are added to a certain food by two chefs.
Chef Wan
Turmeric
Sugar, salt and spice
Garlic
Chef Koh
Tartrazine
Monosodium glutamate
Ascorbic acid
Table 10
Based on Table 10, categorise the food additives. Include in your answer the function of each
type of food additives and the disadvantages of using any two food additives.
[10 marks]
66
SECTION C
11.
(a)
Table 11 shows the result of two sets of experiment to investigate the coagulation of latex.
Set
I
II
Type of solution
Observation
Latex + solution X
Latex + solution Y
Latex coagulate very fast

Latex does not coagulate
Table 11
(i)
Suggest one possible substance for solution X. and Y
(ii)
Explain the process of coagulation of latex in set I
(iii)
Explain why latex does not coagulate in set II
[2 marks]
[4 marks]
[2 marks]
(b)
Diagram 11 shows how compound Q is formed from alkene W.
Alkene W + H2O
Compound Q
Diagram 11
(i)
Name the homologous series of compound Q.

[1 mark]
(ii)
State two chemical properties of compound Q.

[2 marks]
(iii)
By using a compound Q with number of carbon atom per molecule more than one,
describe an experiment to convert compound Q to alkene.
Your answer should consist of the following:
A labelled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
The test to confirm the product is alkene

[9 marks]
67
12.
Diagram 12.1 shows five structural formula of carbon compound.
Diagram 12.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
Choose any one of the compound in Diagram 12.1, state the products formed when the
compound burn completely in excess oxygen gas.
Write the chemical equation involve.
[3 marks]
State the name of two compounds in Diagram 12.1 that are isomer.
[3 marks]
Describe a chemical test to differentiate between compound A and compound B.
[4 marks]
(d)
Diagram 10.2 shows the reaction between compound E and carboxylic acid.
Compound E
Carboxylic acid
ester
Diagram12.2
(i) State the name an example of a member of carboxylic acid and state the name of ester
that formed when the named carboxylic acid react with compound E.
Draw the structural formula of named carboxylic acid and ester that formed.
[4 marks]
(ii) Describe an experiment to produce ester in (d) (i) in laboratory.
[6 marks]
68
13 (a)
Diagram 13.1 shows a structural formula of butene,
Diagram 9.1
Draw structural formulae for another two isomers of butene and names each isomer according
to the IUPAC nomenclature.
[4 marks]
(b)
Diagram 9.2 shows the structural formula of an ester
Diagram 13.2
Based on diagram 13.2:
(i)
Identify the two organic chemicals needed to produce the ester above.
[2 marks]
(ii) State three chemical properties for each organic chemicals that you stated in 9(b)(i).
[6 marks]
(c)
Diagram 13.3 shows the formula of two hydrocarbons P and Q :

CH3(CH2)4CH3
CH3(CH2)3CH = CH2
Q
Diagram 13.3
(i)
State the name of hydrocarbons P and Q.
(ii)
Describe two chemical tests to differentiate between hydrocarbon P and Q.

Your description must include the procedure and observation.
[8 marks]
69
14
Diagram 14 shows the industrial manufacture of ammonia.
Diagram 14
(a) State the name of the above process, catalyst Y and write a chemical equation for the
reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen.
[4 marks]
(b) Table 14 shows the diameter of the dent formed in an experiment to compare the hardness of
copper and bronze.
Material
Copper
Bronze
Diameter /cm
1.0
0.5
Table 14
Based on Table 12, draw a diagram to shows the arrangement of atoms in pure copper and
bronze. Compare the hardness between copper and bronze and explain why.
[6 marks]
(c) The iron window frame of Encik Razalis house rusts after several years but the steel window
frame of Encik Tarmizis house does not rust.
By using suitable examples, describe a laboratory experiment to compare the resistant to rust of
alloy compared to pure metal.
Include the following in your answer:
Procedure
Results
Conclusion
[10 marks]
70
15.
(a) Table 15 shows the different types of traditional medicine and modern medicine.
Traditional medicine
Garlic
Lemon
Ginseng
Quinine
Aloe vera
Tongkat Ali
Modern medicine
Aspirin
Paracetamol
Chloropromazin
Penicillin
Codein
Caffeina
Table 13
(i) What are the differences between traditional medicine and modern medicine?
[2 marks]
(ii) Modern medicines can be classified as analgesics, antibiotics and psychotherapeutic drugs.
Group the medicines in Table 2 into these three different classes.
[5 marks]
(iii) State the side effects of penicillin, codeine and aspirin.
[3 marks]
(b) State what is hard water and give an example of hard water.
You are required to carry out a laboratory activity to investigate the effectiveness of
cleansing action of soap and detergent in hard water. Your answer should consist of the
following:
Procedure
Observation
Conclusion
[10 marks]
71
CHEMISTRY MODULE
SET 5
1. PAPER 3 SET 1
2. PAPER 3 SET 2
3. PAPER 3 SET 3
4. PAPER 3 SET 4
5. PAPER 3 SET 5
72
PAPER 3 SET 1
1.
Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to compare the hardness of a metal and its
alloy.
Thread
Weight
Meter ruler
Retort stand
Steel ball
bearing
Copper block
Diagram 1.1
A steel ball bearing is taped onto the copper block using cellophane tape. A weight of 1 kilogram is dropped at
a height of 50 cm to hit the ball bearing. The diameter of the dent made on the copper block is measured. The
experiment is repeated by replacing copper block with bronze block.
Table 1.1 shows the view of the dents made on bronze and copper block
Experiment
Bronze
Copper
Diameter: .............
Diameter: .................
II
Diameter: .................
Diameter: .................
III
Diameter: .................
Diameter: .................
Table 1.1
(a) (i)
By using the ruler given, measure the diameters of the dents made on copper and
bronze blocks. Record all the diameters of the dents in Table 1.1.
[3 marks]
73
(ii)
Construct a table to record the diameters of the dents and average diameter of the dent on
copper and bronze blocks.
[3 marks]
(b) State one observation that can be obtained from this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
..
[3 marks]
(c) Based on the average diameter of the dents on copper and block, state the inference that can be made.
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(d) State the operational definition of the hardness of bronze.
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) Explain why there is difference in diameter of dents on copper and bronze blocks.
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(f) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
..
[3 marks]
(g) Complete table 1.2 based on the experiment.
Name of variables
(h) Manipulated variable:
Action to be taken
(i)The way to manipulate variable:
(ii) Responding variable:
(ii) What to observe in the responding variable:
(iii) Controlled variable:
(iii) The way to maintain the control variable:
Table 1.2
[3 marks]
74
2. The table 2.1 below shows the set-up of apparatus of the experiment to investigate the effect of copper,
magnesium and zinc on the rusting of iron. A mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
solution and phenolphthalein were used as medium in each test tube. The observations were recorded
after one day.
Test tube A
Iron nail coiled with
copper
High intensity
of blue colour.
Test tube B
magnesium
High intensity of
pink colour
Test tube C
zinc
Low intensity of
pink colour
Test tube D
Iron nail
Low intensity of
blue colour
Table 2.1
(a) State the inference for the observation in test tube A, B, C and D.
Test tube
Inference
A
B
C
D
[3 marks]
(b) Based on this experiment, explain why there is a difference in the observation between test tube A
and test tube B.
.. [3 marks]
75
(c) State the hypothesis for the experiment.

.
.
[3 marks]
(d) Based on this experiment state:
(i) The manipulated variable:
...........
(ii) The responding variables:
..
(iii) The constant variables:
...
[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail.
[3 marks]
(f) Based on this experiment classify the metals that can provide sacrificial protection and metal cannot
provide sacrificial protection to iron.
[3 marks]
(g) Observation in test tube D is recorded after two days
After one day
After two days
Compare the observation for the experiment in the first day and the second day
.
.
[3 marks]
76
ESAY / PLANNING
3.
Different type of alcohols produces different heat of combustions when burnt in oxygen. When the
number of carbon per molecule of alcohol increases, the heat of combustion also increases. Table 3.1
shows the heat of combustion of ethanol, propanol and butanol.
Alcohol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Molecular formula
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
Heat of combustion/ kJ mol-1

-1376
-2016
-2678
Table 3.1
Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the relationship between type of alcohols and the heat of combustion
produced. Your planning must include the following aspects:
(a)
Statement of the problem
(b)
All the variables
(c)
Hypothesis
(d)
List of materials and apparatus
(e)
Procedure
(f)
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
PAPER 3 SET 2
1.
A student carried out an experiment to determine the end-point for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol
dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid. Phenolphthalein is used as the acid-base
indicator. Table 1 shows the three titrations that were conducted and the magnification of the burette
readings.
Titration No.
II
III
13
Initial burette
reading
hydrochloric
acid
hydrochloric
acid
26
hydrochloric
acid
14
27
2
..
..
38
13
Final burette
reading
..
hydrochloric
acid
hydrochloric
acid
26
7
hydrochloric
acid
39
14
27
..
...
Table 1
77
(a)
Record the burette readings for the three titrations in the spaces provided in Table 1.
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table and record the initial burette reading, final burette reading and the volume of acid
used for each titration.
[3 marks]
(c) Calculate the molarity of the hydrochloric acid used in the experiment.
[ 3 marks]
(d) The experiment is repeated by replacing hydrochloric acid 1.0 mol dm-3 with sulphuric acid 1.0 mol dm-3.
(i)
Predict the volume of sulphuric acid needed to neutralise the sodium hydroxide solution.
..............................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain your answer for (d) (i).

......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
78
(e) Table 1 shows the results of an experiment to investigate the relationship between the pH values of
acids and the strength of acid.
Solution
pH value
Hydrochloric acid, 1.0 mol dm-3
2.0
Ethanoic acid, 1.0 mol dm-3
5.0
Table 1
For this experiment, state
(i)
The manipulated variable
..........................................................................................................................................
(ii)The responding variable
..................................................................................................................................
(iii) The fixed variable
..................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(g) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
.
[3 marks]
(h) Classify the following substances into substances with pH value less than 7 and pH value more than 7.
Ethanoic acid
Ammonia solution
Barium hydroxide
Nitric acid
[3 marks]
79
2.
Diagram 2.1 shows the apparatus set up for the preparation of ester in the laboratory.
water in
water out
heat
Mixture of alchohol +
carboxylic acid and a
few drops of
concentrated sulphuric
acid
Diagram 2.1
Table 2.1 show some examples of the types of alcohol and carboxylic acid used to prepare ester.
Alcohol
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Carboxylic Acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Methanoic acid
Observation
Sweet pleasant smell
Table 2.1
(a) State one inference for this experiment.
.
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table to show the name of the esters formed from the alcohols and carboxylic acids
provided in Table 2.1
[3 marks]
(c) Propyl butanoate is an ester that is formed from the reaction between an alcohol and carboxylic
acid.
Name the alcohol and carboxylic acid needed to prepare the ester.
Alcohol:
....................................................................................................................................
Carboxylic acid:
.........................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
80
(d) Table 2.2 shows the observation for an experiment to differentiate between alkanes and alkenes.
Experiment
With bromine water
Hexane
No change
With acidified potassium

manganate (VII) solution
No change
Hexene
Brown bromine
decolourised
Purple solution
decolourised
Table 2.2
(i) State the variables for this experiment:
Manipulated variable:
.............................................................................................
Responding variable:
................................................................................
Fixed variable:
........................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(ii) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
.
...
[3 marks]
(iii) Hexene can also be differentiated from hexane with sootiness of flame when burnt.
Predict which substance will produce more soot when burnt. Explain your answer.
.
[3 marks]
81
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action of soap and detergent
on a piece of cloth stained with oil.
Based on the above diagram, plan one laboratory experiment tocompare the effectiveness of soap and
detergent in hard water.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Problem statement
All the variables
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
82
SET 3
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus and thermometer reading for the experiment to compare the
heat of combustion of four alcohols, methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH) and
butanol (C4H9OH). The initial and final mass of the spirit lamp containing alcohol is weighed and
recorded. The alcohols is used to heat 200 cm3 of water .
Wind shield
Thermometer
Copper tin
Water
Methanol
Initial temperature:.........................
Wind shield
Thermometer
Copper tin
Water
Methanol
Diagram 1.1
Highest temperature:...................
(a) Based on Diagram 1.1,

(i) Record the initial and highest reading of the thermometer in the spaces provided.
[3 marks]
(ii) State one observation
.......................................................................................................................................................[3 marks]
(iii) Give one inference based on the observation in (a)(ii).
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
83
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the initial and final reading of the electronic balance for the mass of spirit lamp
before burning and after burning of four alcohols.
Alcohol
Initial reading (g)
Final reading (g)
Mass of alcohol used (g)
Methanol
ON
OFF
354.9548 g
ON
OFF
353.4012 g
342.0201 g
ON
OFF
339.7892 g
ON
OFF
364.4303 g
ON
OFF
360.8702 g
ON
OFF
332.9891 g
ON
OFF
328.9790 g
Ethanol
OFF
ON
Propanol
Butanol
Diagram 1.2
Based on Diagram 1.2,
(i) State the mass of the alcohols used in space provided into two decimal places.
[ 3 marks]
(ii) Tabulate the initial mass, final mass and mass of alcohol used for the four alcohols in this experiment.
[3 marks]
(c) Calculate the heat of combustion of methanol.
[Specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-1]
[3 marks]
84
(d) Table 1.1 shows the heat of combustion of ethanol (C2H5OH), propanol (C3H7OH) and butanol
(C4H9OH).
Alcohol
Molecular Formulae
Heat of combustion/kJ mol-1
Ethanol
C2H5OH
970
Propanol
C3H7OH
1400
Butanol
C4H9OH
1860
Table 1.1
For this experiment, state:
(i) The manipulated variable.................................................................................
The responding variable.....................................................................................
The fixed variable...............................................................................................
[3 marks]
(ii) State one hypothesis for this experiment.
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) If the experiment is repeated using pentanol, predict the heat of combustion of pentanol.
.................................................................................................................................................
[3 marks].
(f) The actual heat of combustion for ethanol is 1376 kJ mol-1.
State three reasons why the experimental value heat of combustion for ethanol is less than the actual
value.
1. ....................................................................................................................................
2. ....................................................................................................................................
3. ....................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(g) Table 1.2 shows the list of carbon compounds and their molecular formula.
Carbon compound
Molecular formula
Hexene
C6H12
Propanoic acid
C2H5COOH
Ethanol
C2H5OH
Methane
CH4
Table 1.2
Classify the above carbon compounds into hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon.
[3 marks]
85
2. Diagram 2.1 and 2.2 show Experiment I and Experiment II to investigate the effect of type of electrodes
on the products formed at the electrodes.
Experiment
After 30 minutes
Carbon
electrodes
Carbon
electrodes
Diagram 2.1
Experiment II
After 30 minutes
Copper electrodes
0.01 mol dm-3 copper(II)
chloride solution
Diagram 2.2
Based on Diagram 2.1 and Diagram 2.2 above, plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of the type
of electrode to the product at anode.
Your answer should consist of the following:
(a) Aim of experiment
(b) All the variables
(c) Hypothesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus
(e) Procedure
(f) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
86
SET 4
1.
The experiment is carried out using a small piece of lithium and potassium to react with
set-up of apparatus and observations of reaction are shown in Table 1.1
Set
Set-up of apparatus
oxygen gas. The
Observation
White fumes
Burns slowly and produces white
fumes.
Lithium
White
fumes
II
Potassium
Table 1.1
(a)
Complete the Table 1.1 by stating the observation for reaction of potassium metal towards oxygen.
[3 marks]
(b)
Based on the Table 1.1, state the relationship between the positions of element of Group 1 with the
reactivity of the elements towards oxygen gas.
...
..
[3 marks]
(c)
After the reaction in Set I stopped, the gas jar is filled with water and a few drops of
phenolphthalein solution is added. The colourless solution formed change to pink.
Give one inference based on the observation above.
..........
[3 marks]
87
(d)
The experiment is repeated by using X metal to react with oxygen. The result of the experiment is
shown in Table 1.2.
Set-up of apparatus
Observation on the metal
White fumes
Burns rapidly and produces white

fumes.
X metal
Table 1.2
Predict the position of X metal in the Periodic Table of elements.
.
..
[3 marks]
(e)
Lithium hydroxide solution is produced when lithium oxide reacts with water.
Classify the ions that exist in the solution into cation and anion.
Cation
Anion
[3 marks]
88
2.
An experiment was carried out to construct an electrochemical series of metals. Diagram 2.1 shows the
set-up apparatus for an experiment the chemical cell to measure the potential difference between
electrode Copper metal and metal M. An experiment was repeated by replacing metal M with
metal J and Q.
copper metal
metal M
Copper( II )
sulphate solution
1.0 mol dm-3
Diagram 2.1
1.5
0.5
V
0
1.5
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.5
0.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
C
Diagram 2.2
Diagram 2.2 shows the potential difference of three voltmeters A, B and C for the chemical cells with pair
of metal Cu/M, Cu/J and Cu/Q respectively.
i)
Pair of Metals
Voltmeter
Cu and M
Cu and J
Cu and Q
A
B
C
Potential
difference(V)
Positive
terminal
Cu
Cu
Q
Table 1
(a)
Record the voltmeter reading for the pairs of metal in the Table 1.
[ 3 marks]
89
(b) State the hypothesis of the experiment

.................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
(c)
Arrange J, Cu, M and Q metals in the descending order in the electrochemical series
...........................................................................................................................................
[ 3 marks ]
(d)
Iron metal is located between metal M and copper metal in the electrochemical series. State which
metals are more electropositive and less electropositive than iron metal.
More electropositive than iron:
...........................................................................................................................................
Less electropositive than iron
.........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e)
Diagram 2.2 below shows simple voltaic cell using Cu and metal J before and after an experiment.
V
Copper
Metal J
Copper(II) sulphate
Solution (blue colour)
Before experiment
V
Copper
Metal J
Copper(II) sulphate
Solution (light blue)
After experiment
Diagram 2.3
90
State three observations shown in Diagram 2.3

1. ......
2. ..
3. ..
[3 marks]
3.
Reaction between sodium thiosulphate, Na2S2O3 solution and dilute sulphuric acid, H2SO4 will produce
sodium sulphate, Na2SO4, sulphur, S, sulphur dioxide, SO2 and water, H2O. The chemical equation is:
Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + S + SO2 + H2O
By using the information above, plan an experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of
reaction. Your planning should include:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Problem statement
All the variables
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
91
SET 5
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the conversation between a student and his teacher.
Diagram 1.1
Based on Diagram 1.1, an experiment was carried out using glacial ethanoic acid and ethanoic acid in
two different solvents. Table 1 shows the results of the experiment when tested with blue litmus
paper.
Experiment
State of ethanoic acid
I
II
III
Glacial ethanoic acid

Ethanoic acid in water
Ethanoic acid in dry propanone,
Observation on blue
litmus paper
No change
Blue to red
No change
Table 1
(a) State one inference for this experiment.
..........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[3 markah]
(b) Explain the difference in observation for Experiment II and III.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 mark]
(c) Based on the experiment, state
Manipulated variable:
........................................................................................................................................
Responding variable:
........................................................................................................
Fixed variable:
.................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
92
(d) State one hypothesis for this experiment.

..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
[3 marks]
(e) Diagram 1.2 shows the experiment to investigate which solvent can cause an alkali to exhibit
its alkaline properties.
I
II
III
.Diagram 1.2
(i) State the observation in Diagram 1.2.
Test tube I: ...............................................................
Test tube II: .............................................................
Test tube III: ...........................................................
[3 marks]
(ii) Construct a table to record the observation for experiment I, II and III.
[3 marks]
(f) Classify the following substances into substances that can change moist blue litmus paper to
red and substances that can change moist red litmus paper to blue.
Calcium hydroxide
Oxalic acid
Ammonia aqueous
Phosphoric acid
Barium hydroxide
Sulphurous acid
[3 marks]
93
2. Diagram 2 shows Step I and Step II in an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the
formation of barium chromate(VI).
Step I:
5 cm3
5 cm3
5 cm3
5 cm3
5 cm3
5 cm3
5 cm3
0.5 mol dm-3

potassium
chromate (VI)
solution
Step II:
1 cm3
2 cm3
3 cm3
4 cm3
5 cm3
6 cm3 7 cm3
0.5 mol dm-3

barium chloride
solution
Yellow precipitate
Diagram 2
0.5 mol dm-3 barium chloride, BaCl2 solution was added to each test tube containing 5.0 cm3
potassium chromate(VI), K2CrO4 solution according to the volumes shown in Step II. Each test
tube is stopper and shaken well. Yellow precipitate of barium chromate(VI) is formed.
94
Table 2 shows the results for this experiment.

Test tube
Volume of 0.5 mol dm-3
barium chloride solution/cm3
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
Height of barium chromate

(VI) precipitate/cm
Table 2
(a) Using a ruler, measure the height of yellow precipitate in test tube 1 to 7 and record the height
of the precipitate in Table 2.
.
[3 marks]
(b) Draw a graph of height of precipitate against volume of barium chloride on the graph paper
provided.
[3 marks]
95
Question 2(b)
96
(c) Based on the graph above, state the volume of barium chloride solution 0.5 mol dm-3 which
react completely with 5 cm3 of potassium chromate(VI) solution and calculate the number of
mole of barium chloride solution is needed to react completely with
1 mole potassium chromate(VI) solution.
[3 marks]
(d) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between potassium chromate(VI) solution and barium
chloride solution.
..
[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for the precipitation of barium chromate(VI)
..
..............
..
[3 marks]
(f) Classify the following salts into soluble salts and insoluble salts.
.
Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3

Silver chloride, AgCl
Soluble salts
Lead(II)sulphate, PbSO4
Magnesium nitrate, Mg(NO3)2
Insoluble salts
[3 marks]
97
3.
Diagram 3.1 shows how latex is obtained from the rubber tree. Rubber is used to manufacture
substances for everyday life such as gloves and tires.
Diagram 1.3
An acid is used to coagulate latex while alkali can prevent the coagulation of latex. Based on this idea,
plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of acid and alkali on the coagulation of latex .
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Problem statement
All the variables
Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
98

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