DIVINE SOVEREIGNTY AND ‘THE FREEDOM OF THE WILL. Hugh F- McCann Libertarian treatments of toe wll fc the nition tht an unas ‘han decom wld bck falloxpnato snd fen vn te pine fede ean Sad hit eve penton, wile that | deceased, singe my dino cou then be xan in tees ot his eich uate forthe Det forthe ‘Sr hati ow does po nhs Co the autor nar dag Ing sone Nethar doo: inpugn my redone ty ‘lee no pti place any sstary cures tat deter my dey ihc tlc nan sarin eon tn er, iran wef ew af eo mole a ono the ping sss they purport explain ny hes ft te of my mente ad et, bt Tey areal ona expan ‘why Thon at id ar he eons, satan ang an ope Shoe for oppste reasons "One pose slum to this rose to invoke dvi aergy He crestor, Gd espn my cies, then even hgh they ar aut to determine thy ci aves {uespianain For imy own reson or chosing a do ore ot come tcl explanatory, Gods reasons fr ordain ot salsa chose pre Faby te An he arin hy rn nig, Gai over in ths way. Bt thre ae tro mor ebjtons fo faced. One haf do eth the problem ce. ier thos ee fom ae aac in pre Botan hey prose exonerate Grom respons hr mara ev But He cts cr ches then saa Heloust be responsible fran el hey vane, Tees json ‘eats aye eons how In ven caf hve bana ee om and atthe same tame hol that id as comple soverspnty over ery ence of yw shal spend mere Se wth his oon T tan ean be anwerd tea part and IWant Wes ain ‘heh might dese comply 1 Tie Lintrian's Proloe ‘Claims of liberavian freedom may be made both forthe menial ac of FAITH AND PHILOSOPHY es VoL 12No.$Oataber 1995 se Allegis reserve i | | i | Faith and Philo a forming an intention and for the volitional activity by which the intention sets enctute, but since the former presen the clear cise I stall concen {fat on i. Paraigracaly, we frm intensons through act of dein, Which, terminate eplsades of practical reasoning, Tis does not mean ‘her decision must he prensel by lengthy deletion, butt does mean that decsions arent made blindly. However quick or carees they may te they are taken in ight of considerations that offer atleast putative st cation or them, and which prove ingredients For expaning both the ‘devin uel and the action that ensues, for example I wish o decide (Shere to fake a vacation, [eed to be aeafe of some options, and ofthe ‘Snsideratons tt make thm ateactive. A trip to Colorado might appeal tome beequce affords the chance too sng a vist to New York might prevent desirable cultural opportunities. Let us suppose I decide om Exlotado. The considerations on sshich ay decision found may he sommurled ia practical syllogisn Would thatt gosking {sn gosking #Tvacaton in Colorado. There, afl vacation i Colorade, Is important to cele that this Is only @ summary. There may be numero pect to king trp hit find aactive, and Lay have i Tindall detaied plan for the proposed vacation” In other expects, {sort of practical slogan Seems to me to reflect prety well the impor tant fentursof reasoning fon deesion. th artical, we should noe that ths snot pece of theoreti reasoning, ide praca by is cnt. FS practical Ihrough and throngh. The major premise Is optative, it expresses tol abet on my pore that aking tp would be desirable, but father the actual deste wath which fexprience te prospect f such tp. The minor premise encapsulate the plan I ens as achieving what desire And the ccluson, which s thought Inthe modality of deciding, ‘ecors wit decd night of he remiss, whch becomes the conten ‘the intention thereby formed Tih view of decison making fs wel with bertarian accounts of fee dom Practical reesoning is ade practical ot by Its subjeet mater or “andervang motivation, but by the very nature of he thinking that cons fotos ie To rsom proc to fe a cer, to he a sete of ses? ‘And because destin ave not made blindly but rather requie premises a ‘Tesaion Is never a completsy abitary event beret of any explain, Forty think of anything in te opttive mode is to persive ax in some fvay good, and we decide nly in ight of ou opations” The upshot of hb Eth we fore intentions ony inh perceived! good, at the Inne thon forma by our decison is always to purse the envisioned good tht prompted the decision. Hence even if deciding i an act exempt from ‘tderintic laws there wil leaps be some explanation frit a teleoog {aTexplanation in tens of the putative geod. and the envisioned means of Schein hat prompts the esson Bat how goed on explanation? Proponents of determins theories offer theo major complaints The first concerns the connection between the88 SOVEREIGNTY AND FREEDOM, premises of our practical syllogism nd its conclsion. In onde forthe Premises fo expan ny decion to vacation in Calo, they mat See tein fr whch a pnd ha nd sere it that they accompany my decom. After al might Rave ot Stns reson fr acting in Cloro ior ample, on seaon alt reativehch di ot figure mony deletion al. rh tek Yl have decide o te taconite ote sting ut at oe {Ske of ststyng my obligation "And, argue, the ody way tomate ‘ers ofthe “oe hae to invoke nn cattaton, he promises oe ‘eat yg ci conte the ress oe which Ile Sly {he mental states of whith they form the content caused ie te dec Others, my decison ass Without any fin to my rensn, a fe ‘empotbe expsined by them ‘snot age fully fr fer, bt hk hs objection can be given a stitacory tower. Whal makes a set of reasons ct a those fe wh Slevin ts made is tht the plan of atom tose seasons eespsulte ‘comes the content of he reson lenton, Bly deca to wegen Coleraco mist as we have sen, he made in avnrnees of tives od tales that potatvly sty and whic depending on te ome nol a tareor kos dead pallor ken eae ‘easons, hat plan conveyed ino my intention tots the camteneof sp ‘motives ant beliefs s wanstormed into the content of my intention ‘unthertore this occ in sch away that those elements oft pla ha ‘were the fos of ty dente bone the faces of my inten HR he Prospect of sking tat prompis ie to go to Colorado, hen ay prmaey Entenon in gog wil be to ski I lr other aopecs fsck Soop destable—sty, enjoying the mountain landscape then that io wi Se intended, Tags hl no even ho ke ving eaten ot he ato the plan and wallet ata. Fay there wl thse ements ofthe plan Tse as necessary fo succere and ence olan Secep but which Ido ot ds an prtape even ind undsabesek diving om ey rac Thee fo ete he cone of my tetosbt hotest primary focus, The ae as Bena would ay chiqcly aler than del intended” Inshore the seat of anime cca the ste of theron or wich ts nme Thats hye ah always tll an agents reasons far 3 decison simply by ives te ene ofthe resultant neti, and ice vena, kao what seo accomplish by visting Colorado to ow my teas tor dene toe ther ar fo ow my resons for dada to nw wha ined cheve And ofcourse nme hs ils for realoe of amc aston” Ir hii comet, then ve have an acon of what yw deed fo a reason th oes nt rn ao of ral determination. $0 we cn ee noncausal explanations of dvsions in tes the ge recon wit fea of nvoking an underlying causal explanation. But the dlrs can sil aim te explanation fate and that the sean ehesion ‘etariane must ace. Fen if deciding ees ht [be ate of ease to ay tt my deo nena toy that my ware of {hese options, and he putative good of thm canoe finaly apn ny Scion ET am fret the tana see then tere ane i i | uth and Phisophy 585 ature or experience, nothing abot the siting in which py cision cur, n te of wih an snerver ould tear a comply abe eelson at how te dca nd A here rer {he extent hs & so we get a vata ofthe rinse of safcet reason Why should we have world in which Ieached ts dessin bo at another?” Afterall the cultural opportanies provided by New York save sme ed racon for vaatonng ee ise Why thc, the dei to oto Cobiado? Wecan pon see wan to Une tative ood Tn fn Soing there Theexctemet of skiing the beutyof he mouse, ee But Sesh yas pag nthe trem whan he ston i why Tpke aor of cine goed rake than anthers Tose Caer fore nae tee ences tan Ne rk be Sake of those—we seem to have no tuly satisfying ante feed Rot fave desired one course more than to ote and it Tam fe ey ek Ings hat old not have sled things anyway. Nor can Tbe cd ufo aways odo wha take to be bet blgatay, thao ure ta eet om wt | eI th ert thoy ean ean give for my sting upon Colorado tat hat wat I decd. Ad et Shot enough iste weld aswel ave fod silent we sa tooafer no dedsiveratenae forthe one we hve M.A Theistic Station ‘There is no denying the seriousness ofthis problem. Inthe physial ream sat hng explanations tn be Stemi they tet stare Aer Pal Quay Se iar ad Aled) Peioses “aructon”c Luis de Moin Heit Poekledge tans. Freadoso Uthacs, New Yorks Cornell ‘nierty Pres, 985 Ten Sense ofthis view ofexeation see Jonathan U. Kean ith | Meese iene Conserv a the Pemsece of he Woe” im Bagh | Mann Acton, se Thomas V-Mors ths, New York: Corel Ghiventy Pree 188) p17 TRE Aatebeache,Diegus on Meta, ans, Wills Doney ‘nee Yorke Abers Book, 190). "Weiner Cat moat rate the best word ay be questioned Se roleit Seams "Must Gad Croat he Bet” The Popa! Rec 8 Robert ME, Adams Wilsm Rowe, cThe Problem of Divine Peetion 294 Peer S Rasanat Fayed Eleanore Stamp ithaca, New York, Cornell Univeral Press 80), pp 2525. Fee reife tem casident should be distinguished hee, In don an nea scien Ht unforeseen and nant By wHuTary andBe SOVEREIGNTY AND FREEDOM. sguney. Thi is the seme in which a devision cannot be accidental. But an ‘Saettrmined dection might el fe accel eae ston of suet can Aa fara cane tae seen iy Shas tit ea nea 4 Snelaity eave game mit | 7 feieeear shiney te et cee et lake action tty fo contol our own motitions fy en eee cman ee me Seen tiene hae een Feiner army ow sue at's Neti bt ona ay 3 Tam gael to Ptr vas Imagen for a don gio Rib? Atl, Wesey Bakes Tons Els, Wilt Hkoy Rates Jonathan Kvarw Philip Quin, Will Rowe. and Phra San nntscn corer emioneot ts paper mea beter NOTES AND NEWS I Forthcoming Special Issues “opi: ToloalContbutons to They ate Octaber 35 ‘Advacry Etor Monin McCord Adams Deadline or submis January, 135 ‘The problem of ev hich has ascpie so dominant a place on stn darts Sophy af ep ast hog camp Sotericogy te doctrine about hon Gi remedien what ails eeation incre stention to toca an contemporary Holga tenets {human aint Die eatons to eo shod enable Chetan poo {nes to reappoint urtractons wells stimulate est ing on nS dit ana ental problems nr pa at ny nec ana poster ane thane ae sale the arn psa ot TRepratem ov sexed mont sutus ibe Cvs. aug maul an te pty Jom a amc) tecibos can be hell “Rao may be nken ntonly ome ranksof sma aa pilosa {Rede bt als rom te company of sprtal and devas weer Prtrcce il be given to pop holon sa pstons ot ae "ewig we ateon nsec oes Psp ccs “Topic: Philesophy of Religion and Jewich Religious Thought [Date October 197 ‘Advisory Eat Eleonore Stump ‘Dendine for slesin January 1 1997 ‘Thexe vas. period when philosophy of gin was focused only on ana ow tage topes thougit tobe pivlosophialy epoca sucha analysis religious language, In recent years, however, pilowophy of religion has rade i ca comtrtinal y ay, intheology and fblical studies. As the focus of pilsephy of religion has tridened pllosophes of eigen have explored various poids of Chrsian ‘Eadition including certain specs of medieval pulosophical theology and Cavin phibeoply What har aoe neve much tnt so fr by corer porary pilot of eligin the rich pilsophical aed thelgeal tad Eon ot Judaism. Yet even a theologian £0 unsympathetic to pluralism 28 ‘Thoms Aquinas thought hed agent dea to am ftom the Jewish ion {walle hs perio. Ths ie Deofre wl be devoted to philosophy of ‘eign at Jesh religous thought. Comparisons of Jewish an Christian ‘ews se lem, Et not red. Fistral stay encouraged sng ‘Siteontrites to conskdeatan of philspical ass,