Homework 10.1
1. 2 7 = 5, 5 2 = 7
The sequence does not have a common
difference. It is not arithmetic
3. 38 40 = 2,36 38 = 2,34 36 = 2,
32 34 = 2...
The sequence has a common difference 2. It
is arithmetic.
5. 11 3 = 8,19 11 = 8, 27 19 = 8,
35 27 = 8
The sequence has a common difference of 8. It
is arithmetic.
533 = 5n 2
535 = 5n
107 = n
533 is the 107th term.
= 5 + 6n 6
an = 6n 1
695 = 7 + 8n 8
695 = 8n 1
696 = 8n
87 = n
695 is the 87th term.
= 4 + 11n + 11
an = 11n + 7
2469 = 27 + 8n 8
= 100 6n + 6
2469 = 8n 35
an = 6n + 106
2504 = 8n
313 = n
2469 is the 313th term.
an = 2n 1
14251 = 29 4n + 4
14251 = 33 4n
14284 = 4n
3571 = n
-14251 is the 3571st term.
311
Homework 10.1
33.
EQ 1
24 = a1 + (7 1)d
EQ 2
66 = a1 + (13 1)d
24 = a1 + 6d
66 = a1 + 12 d
45. a.
24 6d = a1
66 12d = a1
Solve the system of linear equations by setting
the left side of each equation equal to each other.
24 6d = 66 12d
6d = 42
b.
c.
d =7
Use EQ 1 and d = 7 to find a1 .
29.125 = n
The salary will first be above $50,000 in the
30th year.
24 6(7) = a1
18 = a1
a40 = 18 + (40 1) 7 = 18 + 39 7 = 255
35.
EQ 1
500 = a1 + (41 1)d
EQ 2
500 = a1 +(81 1)d
500 = a1 + 40d
500 = a1 + 80d
47. a.
40d = 0
d =0
Use EQ 1 and d = 0 to find a1 .
500 40 0 = a1
500 = a1
a990 = 500 + (990 1) 0 = 500
c.
f (1) = 4(1) 2 = 2
f (2) = 4(2) 2 = 6
d.
f (3) = 4(3) 2 = 10
Yes, this sequence is arithmetic with a common
difference equal to the slope, 4.
39.
1
an = 35 + n
6
1
b. a1 = 35 + 1 35.17
6
1
a2 = 35 + 2 35.33
6
1
a3 = 35 + 3 = 35.5
6
1
a4 = 35 + 4 35.67
6
These values represent the number of hours
the instructor would work if she had 1, 2, 3, or
4 students, respectively.
500 40d = a1
500 80d = a1
Solve the system of linear equations by setting
the left side of each equation equal to each other.
500 40d = 500 80d
37.
an = 27,500 + (n 1) 800
f (1) = 12 = 1
f (2) = 22 = 4
49. a.
f (3) = 3 = 9
No, this sequence is not arithmetic. There is no
common difference.
b.
1
a130 = 35 + 130 56.67 hours per week
6
1
60 = 35 + n
6
1
25 = n
6
150 = n
The greatest number is 150 students.
The band collects 0.3(6) = $1.80 per cover
charge, so the common difference is 1.8.
an = 50 + 0.3(6)n = 50 + 1.8n
256 = 50 + 1.8n
306 = 1.8n
170 = n
170 people paid the cover charge.
Homework 10.2
7.
D o lla rs
20
n 1
an = 3 ( 2 )
16
= 3(2) n (2) 1
12
8
an =
4
28 30 32 34 36
1
an = 800
4
an = 0.37 + (n 1) 0.23
= 0.37 + 0.23n 0.23
c.
d.
1
= 800
4
(4 )
n
Homework 10.2
1.
1
an = 3200
4
28
196
1372
9604
= 7,
= 7,
= 7,
= 7...
4
28
196
1372
The sequence has a common ratio of 7. It is
geometric.
3. 6 13 = 7, 1 6 = 7, 8 ( 1) = 7,
1
an = 200
2
15 ( 8 ) = 7...
1
.
2
n 1
1 1
= 100
2 2
1
= 100
2
1
.
4
n 1
1 1
= 800
4 4
an = 0.14 + 0.23n
b.
3(2)n 3 n
= (2)
2
2
N u m be r of P e o ple
51. a.
1
. It is
5
geometric.
an
8
40 1 8 1 85 1 25
1
= ,
= , = , 8 =
200 5 40 5 8 5 5 5
(2)
n 1
4
6
5.
1.33, = 1.5
3
4
The sequence has no common ratio.
4 3 = 1, 6 4 = 2
The sequence has no common difference. The
sequence is neither.
= 4n (4)1
1
= 4n
4
1 n
an = (4)
4
313
Homework 10.2
1
= 80
2
27 1
1
= 80
2
367 = 1 + 3n
366 = 3n
122 = n
1
.
2
26
1.19 10
262144 = 2 n 1
log(262144) = log(2n 1 )
log(262144) = (n 1) log 2
log(262144)
= n 1
log 2
log(262144)
+ 1 = 19
n=
log 2
1
.
2
n 1
1
0.001953125 =
2
14,348,907 = 3n 1
n 1
1
log(0.001953125) = log
2
log(14,348,907) = log(3n 1 )
log(14,348,907) = (n 1) log 3
n 1
log(14,348,907)
= n 1
log 3
log(14,348,907)
+ 1 = 16
n=
log 3
1
log(0.001953125) = (n 1) log
2
log(0.001953125)
= n 1
1
log
2
log(0.001953125)
n=
+ 1 = 10
1
log
2
f ( x ) = 8 (3 )
x 1
48828125 = 5n 1
log(48828125) = log(5n 1 )
log(48828125) = (n 1) log 5
log(48828125)
= n 1
log 5
log(48828125)
+ 1 = 12
n=
log 5
314
Homework 10.3
45. a.
b.
an = 27000(1.04) n1
a10 = 27000(1.04)10 1
= 27000(1.04)9
$38429.42
The persons salary will be $38,429.42 for the
10th year.
c.
50000 = 27000(1.04)n 1
50
= 1.04 n 1
27
50
log = log 1.04 n 1
27
50
log = (n 1) log1.04
27
Homework 10.3
50
log
27 = n 1
log1.04
50
log
27 + 1 16.7
n=
log1.04
The salary will first be above $50,000 in the
17th year.
47. a.
c.
a8 = 28 = 256 ancestors
d.
108(13 + 548)
= 30294
2
5. S72 =
72(37 + 1099)
= 38232
2
c.
a11 = 5 (3)
111
3. S108 =
an = 5(3)n 1
b.
= 20205
2, 4,8,16,32
b.
90 ( 2 + 447 )
1. S90 =
125(3 + 1243)
= 77875
2
S81 =
315
81(8 + 888)
= 36288
2
Homework 10.3
152(15 + 1978)
= 151468
2
10, 000 = n
So 10, 000 = a10000
S10000 =
100(40 + 257)
= 10850
2
247 = 19 + 6n 6
247 = 13 + 6 n
234 = 6n
39 = n
So 247 = a39
S39
35. a.
b.
37.
900 = 900 8n + 8
S 28 =
1808 = 8n
28(28500 + 58200)
= $1, 213,800
2
Company A
a20 = 35000 + (20 1) 700 = 48300
S 20 =
900 = 908 8n
20(35000 + 48300)
= $833, 000
2
Company B
a20 = 27000 + (20 1) 1500 = $55,500
226 = n
So 900 = a226
20(27000 + 55500)
= $825, 000
2
Your total earnings for 20 years would be greater
at Company A by $8000.
S 20 =
226(900 + 900)
=
=0
2
39. a.
340 = 4 + 3n 3
340 = 3n + 1
339 = 3n
113 = n
So 340 = a113
S113 =
39(19 + 247)
=
= 5187
2
S 226
10000(1 + 10000)
= 50, 005, 000
2
113(4 + 340)
= 19436
2
316
Homework 10.4
Homework 10.4
10(16 + 34)
= 250 total seats in the
2
first ten rows
This leaves 3250 250 = 3000 seats in rows
11 through 50.
So total revenue is
250($20) + 3000($15) = $50, 000.
S10 =
c.
1. S 27 =
3.
5(1 227 )
= 671, 088, 635
1 2
S30 =
6(1 1.330 )
52,379.91
1 1.3
5. S 27 =
13(1 0.827 )
64.84
1 0.8
7. S50 =
2.3(1 0.950 )
22.88
1 0.9
41. a.
2(1 513 )
= 610,351,562
1 5
d.
e.
S10 =
3 1 ( 23 )
10
2
3
) 8.84
20(174.4 + 414.18)
= S 20 =
= 5885.8
2
This means that the total sales from 1990
through 2009 will be $5,885,800,000,000.
f.
600(1 0.311 )
857.14
1 0.3
log 67,108,864
= n 1
log 4
log 67,108,864
+ 1 = 14
n=
log 4
S14 =
317
1(1 414 )
= 89, 478, 485
1 4
Homework 10.4
21.4990848 = 5(1.2)n 1
351 = 3 + 6n 6
4.29981696 = 1.2n 1
351 = 6n 3
354 = 6n
59 = n
59(3 + 351)
= 10, 443
S59 =
2
log 4.29981696
= n 1
log1.2
log 4.29981696
n=
+1 = 9
log1.2
S9 =
5(1 1.29 )
103.99
1 1.2
5
1
= 30
362, 797, 056
6
1
.
2
1
1
=
2,176, 782,336 6
n 1
n 1
n 1
log
2,176,
782,336
= n 1
1
log
6
1
log
2,176, 782,336 + 1 = 13
n=
1
log
6
1
log 0.00048828125 = (n 1) log
2
log 0.00048828125
= n 1
1
log
2
log 0.00048828125
+ 1 = 12
n=
1
log
2
S12 =
10000 1 (
1 12
1 12
2
n 1
1
log
= log
2,176,
782,336
6
1
log
= (n 1) log
6
2,176, 782,336
n 1
1
log 0.00048828125 = log
2
n 1
) 199995.12
S13 =
30 1 ( 16 )
13
1 16
) = 36
31. S 20 =
318
f (t ) = 85.89(0.47)t
c.
40(1 810 )
= 6,135, 667,560
1 8
The entrepreneur could receive as much as
approximately $6.14 billion.
e.
8(1 8n )
1 8
8
6, 000, 000, 000 = (1 8n )
7
n
5, 250, 000, 000 = 8 1
6, 000, 000, 000 =
85.89(1 0.47 29 )
162.06
1 0.47
There will be a total of 162.06 million eighttrack cartridges sold between 1980 and
2008.
S 29 =
c.
b.
2(1 210 )
= 2046 ancestors
1 2
S10 =
b.
2.
40 1 10 1 2.5 1 0.625 1
= ,
= ,
= ,
=
160 4 40 4 10 4 2.5
4
The sequence is geometric with a common ratio
1
of .
4
24 13 = 11,35 24 = 11, 46 35 = 11,
57 46 = 11
The series is arithmetic with a common
difference of 11.
3. 95 101 = 6,89 95 = 6,
83 89 = 6,77 83 = 6
The sequence is arithmetic with a common
difference of 6.
4.
319
18
36
72
144
= 2, = 2,
= 2,
=2
9
18
36
72
The series is geometric with a common ratio of
2.
5.
7
5
7
7
1 7 1 125
1 625
1
= , 25
=
=
=
,
,
7
7
7
7 5 5 5 25 5 125 5
1
an = 200
2
n 1
1 1
= 200
2 2
6. 4 3 = 1, 6 4 = 2
The sequence is not arithmetic because it does
not have a common difference.
4
6
1.33, = 1.5
3
4
The sequence is not geometric because it does
not have a common ratio. It is neither.
1
= 200
2
1
an = 400
2
(2 )
= 2(3) n (3)1
an = 2.7n + 0.5
1
= 2(3) n
3
2 n
an = (3)
3
10
= 800(0.7)n
7
8000
(0.7)n
an =
7
= 25 + 3n 3
an = 22 + 3n
= 9 5n + 5
an = 14 5n
1
a9 = 768
4
9 1
1
= 768 0.0117
4
320
22. S 22 =
2023 = 7 + 4 n 4
2023 = 3 + 4n
2020 = 4n
505 = n
2023 is the 505th term.
536,870,912 = 2n 1
log 536,870,912 = log 2n 1
log 536,870,912 = (n 1) log 2
log 536,870,912
= n 1
log 2
log 536,870,912
n=
+ 1 = 30
log 2
107 = 501 8n + 8
107 = 509 8n
616 = 8n
S30 =
77 = n
107 is the 77th term.
470, 715,894,135 = 5(3)n 1
1200 = 30 + 6 n 6
94,143,178,827 = 3n 1
1200 = 24 + 6n
1176 = 6n
EQ 2
36 = a1 +(9 1)d
52 = a1 + 4d
36 = a1 + 8d
196 = n
196(30 + 1200)
= 120,540
S196 =
2
25. The series is arithmetic with a common
difference of 4.
1197 = 11 + (n 1) 4
1197 = 11 4n + 4
1197 = 15 4n
1212 = 4n
52 4d = a1
36 8d = a1
Solve the system of linear equations by setting
the left side of each equation equal to each other.
52 4d = 36 8d
303 = n
303(11 + 1197)
= 179, 679
S303 =
2
4d = 16
d = 4
Use EQ 1 and d = 4 to find a1 .
52 4 4 = a1
68 = a1
a69 = 68 + (69 1) 4 = 204
21. S 43 =
3(1 230 )
= 3, 221, 225, 469
1 2
20.
4(1 1.7 22 )
671,173.07
1 1.7
43(52 + 200)
= 3182
2
321
Chapter 10 Test
30. a.
f (t ) = 0.32t + 5.42
n 1
n 1
n 1
1
= log
log
3
531, 441
1
1
log
= (n 1) log
3
531, 441
S13 =
1 13
13
Chapter 10 Test
1.
) = 797,161
6
12
24
48
= 2, = 2,
= 2,
=2
3
6
12
24
It is a geometric sequence with a common ratio
of 2.
2. 19 20 = 1,17 19 = 2
19
17
= 0.95, 0.89
20
19
The sequence has neither a common difference
nor a common ratio, so it is none of these.
3.
35
175
875
4375
= 5,
= 5,
= 5,
=5
7
35
175
875
It is a geometric series with a common ratio of 5.
4. 61 69 = 8,53 61 = 8,
Company A
a25 = 28, 000(1.04) 251 $71, 772.52
Company B
a25 = 34, 000 + (24 1) 1500 = $70, 000
45 53 = 9,37 45 = 8
It is an arithmetic series with a common
difference of 8.
5. The sequence is arithmetic with a common
difference of 6.
an = 31 + (n 1) 6
b. Company A
28, 000(1 1.0425 )
$1,166, 085.43
S 25 =
1 1.04
Company B
25(34000 + 70000)
S 25 =
= $1,300, 000
2
c.
c.
29. a.
20(5.42 + 11.5)
= 169.2
2
From 1990 through 2009 there will be about
169,200 deaths.
b.
S 20 =
log
531,
441
= n 1
1
log
3
1
log
531, 441 + 1 = 13
n=
1
log
3
531, 441 1 ( 13 )
= 31 6 n + 6
an = 37 6n
322
Chapter 10 Test
= 6(4)n (4)1
536,870,912 = 2n 1
log 536,870,912 = log 2n 1
1
= 6(4)n
4
3 n
an = (4)
2
S30 =
311
0.000000093
78 = 50 4n + 4
78 = 54 4n
132 = 4n
33 = n
33(50 + 78)
S33 =
= 462
2
1789 = 27 + 4n 4
1789 = 31 + 4n
1820 = 4n
455 = n
1789 is the 455th term in the sequence.
S 400 =
+ (7 5 + 25 ) + ... + (7 20 + 220 )
= (7 + 7 2 + 7 3 + 7 4 + 7 5 + ... + 7 20)
+ (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 + 25 + ... + 220 )
log 2.14358881
= n 1
log1.1
log 2.14358881
+1 = 9
n=
log1.1
428.717762 is the 9th term in the sequence.
20
1 13
400(19 + 5605)
= 1,124,800
2
15. (7 + 2) + (7 2 + 2 2 ) + (7 3 + 23 ) + (7 4 + 2 4 )
2.14358881 = (1.1) n 1
27 1 ( 13 )
4(1 230 )
= 4, 294,967, 292
1 2
f (3) = 3(3)2 + 1 = 28
This series is neither geometric nor arithmetic.
) 40.50
b.
98
5
98
ln e x = ln
5
98
x = ln 2.97553
5
ex =
( )
5e x = 98
2.
3. 2b 7 3 = 51
2b 7 = 54
b 7 = 27
b = 271/ 7
21(5.16 + 138.96)
= 1513.26
2
From 1987 to 2007 the total number of wetbike fatalities is about 1513.
b = 7 27 1.6013
S 21 =
19. a.
b.
an = 32000(1.03)
4. log 3 ( 4 x 7 ) = 4
4 x 7 = 34
n 1
4 x 7 = 81
4 x = 88
n 1
x = 22
n 1
1.25 = 1.03
6 x 2 + 13 x = 5
5.
log1.25 = log1.03n 1
6 x 2 + 13 x 5 = 0
log1.25 = (n 1) log1.03
(3x 1)( 2 x + 5) = 0
log1.25
n 1
log1.03
log1.25
+ 1 8.5
n=
log1.03
The salary will first be above $40,000 in the
9th year.
3 x 1 = 0 or 2 x + 5 = 0
x=
1
5
or x =
3
2
( x + 3)( x 4 ) = 5
6.
2
c.
d.
S 25 =
x + 3 x 4 x 12 = 5
x 2 x 17 = 0
32000(1 1.0325 )
$1,166, 696.46
1 1.03
x=
4 x 2 49 = 0
( 2 x 7 )( 2 x + 7 ) = 0
2 x 7 = 0 or 2 x + 7 = 0
x=
7
7
or x =
2
2
324
( 1)
1 69
2
( 1)2 4 (1)( 17 )
2 (1)
( ) ( )
ln ( 2 x ) ln (8 x ) = 9
ln (16 x ) ln (8 x ) = 9
7. 4 ln 2 x3 ln 8 x 6 = 9
3 4
12
16 x12
ln
6
8x
1
x
x2
=
x2 x 6 x + 2 x 3
1
x
x2
=
( x 3)( x + 2 ) x + 2 x 3
11.
( x 2 )( x + 2 )
( x 3)( x + 2 ) ( x 3)( x + 2 ) ( x 3)( x + 2 )
1
= 9
2 x 6 = e9
x2 4 1 + x2 3x
=0
( x 3)( x + 2 )
e
2
2 x 2 3x 5
=0
( x 3)( x + 2 )
e
3.9927
2
x=6
2 x 2 3x 5 = 0
( 2 x 5 )( x + 1) = 0
( )
6 (3 ) = 57
8. 6 3 x 5 = 52
2 x 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
3x =
x=
19
2
5 (3 x 2 ) = 10
2
(3x 2 )2 = 2
ln 3
2.0492
9.
5
or x = 1
2
12. 5 (3 x 2 ) + 7 = 17
19
2
ln (19 / 2 )
x = log 3
=
1 x2 + 3x
x2 4
=
( x 3)( x + 2 ) ( x 3)( x + 2 )
( )
ln 2 x 6 = 9
x6 =
x ( x 3)
3x 2 = 2
3x = 2 2
3 ( 2 x 5 ) + 4 = ( x 3)
x=
6 x 15 + 4 = x 2 6 x + 9
x 2 12 x + 20 = 0
2 2
3
13. 20 4 x = 7 ( 2 x + 9 )
( x 10 )( x 2 ) = 0
20 4 x = 14 x + 63
x 10 = 0 or x 2 = 0
18 x = 43
43
x=
18
x = 10 or x = 2
10. log b (81) = 4
b 4 = 81
b 4 = 34
b=3
325
x 3, 2
14.
x + 1 2x 5 = 1
16.
3x 2 5 x + 1 = 0
3 x 2 5 x = 1
x + 1 = 1+ 2x 5
x +1
) = (1 +
2
2x 5
3 x 2 x = 1
3
5
25
25
3 x 2 x + = 1 + 3
3
36
36
x +1 = 1 + 2 2x 5 + 2x 5
x + 5 = 2 2x 5
( x + 5 )2 = ( 2
2x 5
5
75
3 x = 1 +
6
36
x 2 10 x + 25 = 4 ( 2 x 5 )
5
39
3 x =
6
36
x 2 10 x + 25 = 8 x 20
x 2 18 x + 45 = 0
5
13
x =
6
36
( x 15)( x 3) = 0
x 15 = 0 or x 3 = 0
x = 15 or x = 3
Check x = 15
x
?
(15 ) + 1
2 (15 ) 5 =1
5
13
=
6
36
x=
5
13
6
6
x=
5 13
6
1 = 1 false
Check x = 3
(3 ) + 1
2 (3) 5 = 1
17. 2 x + 4 y = 0
5x + 3 y = 7
Multiply the first equation by 3 and the second
equation by 4.
6 x 12 y = 0
1 = 1 true
The solution is 3.
15. log 6 (3 x ) + log 6 ( x 1) = 1
log 6 3 x ( x 1) = 1
20 x + 12 y = 28
Add the two equations and solve the result for x.
14 x = 28
3 x ( x 1) = 61
3x 2 3x = 6
x=2
Substitute this result for x in the first equation.
2 (2 ) + 4 y = 0
3x 3x 6 = 0
x2 x 2 = 0
4 + 4y = 0
( x 2 )( x + 1) = 0
4 y = 4
x 2 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
y = 1
x = 2 or x = 1
x = 1 will not work in the original equation.
The solution is 2.
y = 3x + 9
4 x + 2 y = 2
Substitute the first equation for y in the second
equation.
4 x + 2 (3 x + 9 ) = 2
4 x + 6 x + 18 = 2
10 x = 20
x = 2
326
a b
b a
a a b b
=
ab
ab
2
2
a b
=
ab
( a b )( a + b )
=
ab
23. ab 1 a 1b =
= 3 ( 2 ) + 9
= 6 + 9
=3
The solution to the system is ( 2,3) .
19. 5 2 (3 x 5 ) + 1 2 4 x
5 6 x + 10 + 1 2 4 x
24. 3 8 x3 2 x 18 x = 3 4 x 2 2 x 2 x 9 2 x
16 6 x 2 4 x
2 x 14
x7
Interval: ( , 7 ]
= 3 4x2 2x 2x 9 2x
= 3 2x 2x 2x 3 2x
7
20.
(3b
= 6x 2x 6x 2x
=0
) (6b
2 3 4
5 2 2
= 81b 8 c 12 36b 10 c 4
= 2916b
= 4 x6 3x
8 + ( 10 ) 12 + 4
= 2 x3 3 x
= 2916b 18 c 8
2916
= 18 8
b c
21.
1/ 2 4 / 3
8b
10b
3/ 4 7 / 3
12 x 7 = 4 x 6 3 x
25.
26.
(5 x 7 )21 = 4 (5 x 7 )20 (5 x 7 )
=
4 7
1 3
4 2 4 3 3
b
c
3
(5 x 7 )20 4 5 x 7
= (5 x 7 )
5 4
5x 7
4 7
4 4 4 3+3
b
c
5
4
= b 1/ 4 c3/ 3
5
4c
= 1/ 4
5b
=
27.
4
=
x
=
=
2
14b3c5
2 3 (9 ) 5 (4 )
22.
b
c
=
9 4
3
21b c
= b12 c9
3
4 24 18
= b c
9
28.
4 x2
x x2
4 x2
x
5 x 4
3 x +2
=
=
327
x2
x2
5 x 4 3 x 2
3 x +2 3 x 2
5 x 3 x 43 x 5 x 2 + 4 2
(3 x )
(2)
15 x 12 x 10 x + 8
9x 4
15 x 22 x + 8
9x 4
( )
( )
( ) + ln (5 x )
= ln (9 x ) + ln (125 x )
= ln (9 x 125 x )
= ln (1125 x )
29. 2 ln 3 x 4 + 3ln 5 x9 = ln 3 x 4
9 3
35.
27
27
( )
( )
= log ( 2 x ) log ( 2 x )
= log (16 x ) log (32 x )
b
20
2 5
10
36.
16 x 20
= log b
10
32 x
x10
= log b
2
31.
3x
2
)(
x 4 2 x +7
=
=
= 3 x 2 x 42 x + 3 x 7 47
= 6 x 8 x + 21 x 28
= 6 x + 13 x 28
33.
37.
)( )
2 x )( x + 5 )
2 x x 2 + 1 x 3 + 5
= 2 x 3
= 2 x 3 x 3 2 x x 3 2 x 3 5 2 x 5
6
= 2 x 2 x 10 x 10 x
34.
( 4 x 1) ( x 2 2 x 3)
= 4 x3 x 2 8 x 2 + 2 x 12 x + 3
= 4 x3 9 x 2 10 x + 3
328
3x ( x 2 )
3x 2 6 x
( x + 2 )( x 5 )
( x 5 )( x 5)( x 2 )
x 2 3 x 10
( x 5)2 ( x 2 ) ( x 5 )2 ( x 2 )
3 x 2 6 x x 2 + 3 x + 10
( x 5 )2 ( x 2 )
2 x 2 3 x + 10
( x 5)2 ( x 2 )
2
7 21x
2
6 x + 10 x 4 x 8 x + 16
x ( x 4)
7 (3 x 1)
=
2 (3 x 1)( x + 2 ) ( x 4 )( x 4 )
= 4 x x 2 1 x 2 4 x 2 x + 1 2 x 4 x 3 + 1 3
( x 5)( x 5)( x 2 )
4 x x2
x+2
x 10 x + 25 x 7 x + 10
3x
x+2
=
x
5
x
5
x
5
( )( ) ( )( x 2 )
=
(3
5 x 15
2
x 9 x + 20 x 4 x 5
x2 9
x2 4 x 5
= 2
x 9 x + 20 5 x 15
= 9 x 2 30 x + 25
32.
( x 3) ( x + 3) ( x 5 ) ( x + 1)
( x 5) ( x 4 ) 5 ( x 3)
( x + 3)( x + 1)
=
5 ( x 4)
35
x2 9
x ( x 4)
2 (3 x 1) ( x + 2 )
7x
2 ( x + 2 )( x 4 )
7 (3 x 1)
( x 4) ( x 4)
38.
=
=
( x + 9 )( x + 3) ( x + 1) ( x 2 9 )
1
45.
x+2
= 2 (3 x 5 )( x + 2 )
x+2
f (2) = 3
( x + 9 )( x + 3) ( x + 1)( x + 3)( x 3 )
46. When f ( x ) = 3 , x = 0 or x = 2 .
( x 3 )( x + 1)
( x + 2 )( x + 9 )
+
( x + 9 )( x + 3 )( x 3)( x + 1) ( x + 1)( x + 9 )( x 3 )( x + 9 )
47. When f ( x ) = 4 , x = 1 .
x 3 x + x 3 + x + 2 x + 9 x + 18
( x + 9 )( x + 3)( x 3 )( x + 1)
2 x 2 + 9 x + 15
( x + 9 )( x + 3)( x 3 )( x + 1)
x+2
x 2 64 = x + 2 3 x + 24
x 2 + 4 x + 4 x 2 64 x 2 + 4 x + 4
3 x + 24
=
=
40.
43. 6 x 2 + 2 x 20 = 2 3 x 2 + x 10
x + 12 x + 27 x + x 9 x 9
1
x+2
=
+
( x + 9 )( x + 3) x 2 ( x + 1) 9 ( x + 1)
=
39.
x+2
3
3 ( x + 8)
( x + 2)
( x 8 ) ( x + 8) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 2 )
x
8
( )( x + 2 )
f ( x ) = 3 ( x + 3) 7
3= a+4
1 = a
Thus, the function is
f ( x ) = ( x 1) + 4
2
= 3 x 2 + 6 x + 9 7
= x2 + 2 x + 3
= 3 x 2 18 x 27 7
52. y = 5 ( 2 )
= 3 x 18 x 34
f ( x ) = 3 x 2 18 x 34
3
41. 4 x 8 x 25 x + 50
= 4 x 2 ( x 2 ) 25 ( x 2 )
= ( x 2 ) 4 x 2 25
= ( x 2 )( 2 x 5 )( 2 x + 5 )
42. 2 x3 4 x 2 30 x = 2 x x 2 2 x 15
= 2 x ( x 5 )( x + 3)
329
53. y = 3 ( x 4 )
1
57. y = 15
3
x
20
10
4
4
3
54. y = x + 4
5
58. y = 2 x 2 + 5 x 1
55. 3 ( 2 x y 2 ) = y x + 2
59. 2 x ( x 3 ) + y = 5 ( x + 1)
6x 3 y 6 = y x + 2
2 x2 6 x + y = 5x + 5
4 y = 7 x + 8
7
y = x2
4
y = 2 x 2 + 11x + 5
y
16
4
8
4
60.
56. y = 2 x + 5 4
7
5 2
=
2 ( 3 )
5
( 3, 2 ) and ( 2, 5)
m=
y = mx + b
4
7
( 3 ) + b
5
11
b=
5
2=
7
11
The equation of the line is y = x
or
5
5
7 x + 5 y = 11 .
330
61.
(3,95)
and (6,12 )
2a = 4
a=2
Substitute this value into the second equation
and solve for b.
5 (2) + b = 5
10 + b = 5
12 = a (b )
b = 5
Substitute the values for a and b into the first
equation and solve for c.
4 ( 2 ) + 2 ( 5 ) + c = 1
8 10 + c = 1
c=3
12
95
b 0.502
Substitute the point (3,95 ) into the equation
b=
The equation is y = 2 x 2 5 x + 3 .
63.
95 = a ( 0.502 )
95
0.5023
5 = a 2 +b
17 = a 6 + b
Rewrite as:
1.4142 a + b = 5
750.952
62.
and (6,17 )
y = a (0.502 ) .
a=
( 2,5)
2.4495a + b = 17
Multiply the first equation by 1 and add to the
second equation.
1.4142a + b = 5
1.0353a = 12
Solve the second equation for a.
1.0353a = 12
1 = a (2 ) + b (2 ) + c
2
6 = a ( 3 ) + b (3 ) + c
2
a 11.591
Substitute this value into the first equation and
solve for b.
1.4142 (11.591) + b = 5
15 = a ( 4 ) + b ( 4 ) + c
Rewrite as:
4a + 2b + c = 1
9a + 3b + c = 6
2
b 11.392
The equation is roughly y = 11.591 x 11.392 .
16a + 4b + c = 15
Multiply the first equation by 1 and add to
both the second and third equations.
4a + 2b + c = 1
64. a.
Linear:
f ( x ) = mx + b
5a + b = 5
12a + 2b = 14
Multiply the second equation by 2 and add to
the third equation.
4a + 2b + c = 1
42
=2
1 0
f ( x ) = 2x + 2
m=
5a + b = 5
Exponential:
g ( x) = a bx
2a = 4
Solve the third equation for a.
66. log b
4 = 2 (b )
( b ) = log (b )
1/ 2
1
log b b
2
1
= 1
2
1
=
2
=
4 = 2b
2=b
g ( x ) = 2 (2)
Quadratic:
h ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c
Answers may vary. One possibility:
Let a = 2 so we have h ( x ) = 2 x 2 + bx + c .
= 4 log10
= 4 1
= 4
2 = 2 ( 0 ) + b (0 ) + c
2
2=c
68. log 3 (8 ) =
h ( x ) = 2 x + bx + 2
2
log 8
1.8928
log 3
69. y = g ( x ) = log 2 x
4 = 2 (1) + b (1) + 2
2
4 = 2+b+2
4 =b+4
y = 2x
0=b
h ( x ) = 2x2 + 2
g 1 ( x ) = 2 x
70. y = f ( x ) = 4 x 7
b.
h
f
71.
g
( )
f (x) =
x3
2
x3
x
7
(
)( x + 5 )
x 2 x 35
The domain is all real numbers except 7 and 5
since these values make the denominator equal
zero.
Domain: , x 5, 7
332
n 1
a10 = 2 (3)
10 1
182 = 11 + ( n 1) 3
= 2 (3)
171 = 3 ( n 1)
= 2 (19, 683)
57 = n 1
= 39,366
58 = n
There are 58 terms in the series.
n ( a1 + an )
Sn =
2
58 (11 + 182 )
S16 =
2
= 29 (11 + 182 )
an = a1 + d ( n 1)
170 = 86 + 4 ( n 1)
256 = 4 ( n 1)
= 29 (193)
64 = n 1
= 5597
65 = n
The last term in the sequence is term 65.
75. This is a geometric series with r =
a1 = 98,304 .
77. a.
1
and
2
an = a1r n 1
1
3 = 98304
2
n 1
n 1
3
1
=
98304 2
3
1
ln
= ( n 1) ln
98304
2
3
ln
98304 = n 1
1
ln
2
15 = n 1
b.
16 = n
There are 16 terms in the series.
S16 =
a1 1 r16
1 r
1 16
98304 1
2
=
1
1
2
= 196, 605
The sum of the series is 196,605.
124t + 682
c.
P (t ) =
d.
B (t )
R (t )
will
e.
124t + 682
3.8 =
( 122.9 )
122.9 15240.94
7.38
t = 33.38 or t = 0.075
3.8% of recreational expenditures will
consist of book sales in 2013.
=
78. a.
a 7.99
b.
39.6
7.99
t 24.56
In 2004, 49% of passenger vehicles sold will
be light trucks.
t=
1014 = 690 (b )
20
1014
690
b = 20
1014
1.019
690
80. a.
c.
49 = 7.99 t + 9.4
7.99 t = 39.6
b 20 =
d.
The model is
f (t ) = 0.0058t 2 0.396t + 10.023 .
b.
4.54
In 2009, will be about 4.5 thousand men
studying to be priests in graduate programs.
334
c.
( 0.396 )
t 51.44 or t 16.84
There were 5 thousand men studying to be
priests in a graduate program in 1977 and
there will be that many again in 2011.
d.
335