Anchor Design HILTI

Anchor design
Anchor design
Safety concept
Depending on the application and the anchor type one of the following two concepts can be applied:
For anchors for use in concrete

having an European Technical
Approval (ETA) the partial safety
factor concept according to the
European
Technical
Approval
Guidelines ETAG 001 or ETAG 020
shall be applied. It has to be shown,
that the value of design actions does
not exceed the value of the design
resistance: Sd Rd.
For the characteristic resistance
given in the respective ETA, reduction factors due to e.g. freeze/thaw,
service temperature, durability, creep
behaviour and other environmental
or application conditions are already
considered.
In addition to the design resistance,
in this manual recommended loads
are given, using an overall partial
safety factor for action = 1,4.
Partial safety factor

concept
34
5% fractile
environmental
conditions
(temperature,
durability)
characteristic
partial safety resistance
(ETA)
factor
design
action
characteristic
value of action
Rd
partial safety
factors
for action
action
Global safety factor

concept
For the global safety factor concept it

has to be shown, that the
characteristic value of action does
not exceed the recommend load
value.
The characteristic resistance given in
the tables is the 5% fractile value
obtained from test results under
standard test conditions. With a
global safety factor all environmental
and application conditions for action
and resistance are considered,
leading to a recommended load.
mean ultimate
resistance
Sd
for material
(anchor,
base material) design
resistance
recommended
load
resistance
mean ultimate
resistance
5% fractile
characteristic
resistance
(basic value)
global
safety factor
recommended
load
characteristic
value of action
action
resistance
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design methods
Metal anchors for use in concrete according ETAG 001

The design methods for metal anchors for use in concrete are described in detail in Annex C of the European
Technical Approval guideline ETAG 001 and for bonded anchors with variable embedment depth in EOTA
Technical Report TR 029. Additional design rules for redundant fastenings are given in Part 6 of ETAG 001.
The design method given in this Anchor Fastening Technology Manual is based on these guidelines. The
calculations according to this manual are simplified and lead to conservative results, i.e. the results are on the save
side. Tables with basic load values and influecing factors and the calculation method are given for each anchor in
the respective section.
Anchors for use in other base materials and for special applications
If no special calculation method is given, the basic load values given in this manual are valid, as long as the
application conditions (e.g. base material, geometrie, environmental conditions) are observed.
Redundant fastenings with plastic anchors

Design rules for redundant fastings with plastic anchors for use in concrete and masonry for non-structural
applications are given in Annex C of ETAG 020. The additional design rules for redundant fastenings are
considered in this manual.
Resistance to fire
When resistance to fire has to be considered, the load values given in the section resistance to fire should be
observed. The values are valid for a single anchor.
Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor

For a more complex and accurate design according to international and national guidelines and for applications
beyond the guidelines, e.g. group of anchors with more than four anchors close to the edge or more than eight
anchors far away from the edge, the Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor yields customised fastening solutions.
The results can be different from the calculations according to this manual.
The following methods can be used for design using PROFIS Anchor:
-
ETAG
CEN/TS
ACI 318-08
CSA (Canadian standard)
Solution for Fastening (Hilti internal design method)
09 / 2012
35
Anchor design
Simplified design method

Simplified version of the design method A according ETAG 001, Annex C or EOTA Technical Report TR 029.
Design resistance according data given in the relevant European Technical Approval (ETA)
Influence of concrete strength
Influence of edge distance
Influence of spacing
Valid for a group of two anchors. (The method may also be applied for anchor groups with more than two
anchors or more than one edge. The influencing factors must then be considered for each edge distance
and spacing. The calculated design loads are then on the save side: They will be lower than the exact
values according ETAG 001, Annex C. To avoid this, it is recommended to use the anchor design software
PROFIS anchor)
The design method is based on the following simplification:
No different loads are acting on individual anchors (no eccentricity)
The differences to the design method given in the guideline are shown in the following.
Annex C of ETAG 001 and EOTA TR 029 compared to simplified design

Design tensile resistance
The design tensile resistance is the lower value of
-
Design steel resistance
NRd,s
Design pull-out resistance

(Design combined pull-out and
concrete cone resistance for
bonded anchors)
NRd,p
Design concrete cone resistance
NRd,c
Design splitting resistance
NRd,sp
Design steel resistance NRd,s

Annex C of ETAG 001 / EOTA TR 029
and relevant ETA
NRd,s
= NRk,s / Ms
* NRk,s: characteristic steel resistance

** NRd,s
** Value given in the respective tables in this manual
* Ms: partial safety factor for steel failure

* Values given in the relevant ETA
Design pull-out resistance NRd,p for anchors designed according Annex C of ETAG 001
Annex C of ETAG 001
and relevant ETA
= (NRk,p / Mp) c
* NRk,p: characteristic pull-out resistance
* Mp: partial safety factor for pull-out failure
* c:
influence of concrete strength
NRd,p = N Rd,p fB
** N0Rd,p: Basic design pull-out resistance
** fB:
** Values given in the respective tables in this manual
NRd,p
36
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance NRd,p for bonded anchors designed according
EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029
and relevant ETA
= (N0Rk,p / Mp) (Ap,N / A0p,N) s,Np g,Np

ec,Np re,Np c
0
where
N Rk,p = d hef Rk
NRd,p = N0Rd,p fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N

** N0Rd,p: Basic design combined pull-out and
concrete cone resistance
** fB,p:
** f1,N, f2,N: influence of edge distance
** f3,N:
influence of anchor spacing
** fh,p:
influence of (variable) embedment
depth
** fre,N:
influence of dense reinforcement
NRd,p
g,Np =
0
g,Np
(s / scr,Np)
0,5
0
g,Np
1)
1
0g,Np = n0,5 (n0,5 1)
0,5
1,5
{(d Rk)/[k (hef fck,cube) ] }
1
scr,Np = 20 d (Rk,ucr / 7,5)0,5 3 hef
*
Mp:
partial safety factor for combined

pull-out and concrete cone failure
0
+ A p,N: influence area of an individual
anchor with large spacing and
edge
distance at the concrete surface
(idealised)
+ Ap,N: actual influence area of the
anchorage at the concrete surface,
limited by overlapping areas of
adjoining anchors and by edges of
the concrete member
For the simplified design method the factor g,Np (see

TR 029) is assumed to be 1 and the critical anchor
spacing is assumed to be scr,Np = 3 hef, both leading
to conservative results = beeing on the save side.
+ s,Np: influence of the disturbance of the

distribution of stresses due to
edges
+ ec,Np: influence of excentricity
+ re,Np: influence of dense reinforcement
* c:
* d:
anchor diameter
* hef:
(variable) embedment depth
*
Rk:
s:
scr,Np:
n:
characteristic bond resistance

anchor spacing
critical anchor spacing
number of anchors in a anchor
group
k:
= 2,3 in cracked cocrete

= 3,2 in non-cracked cocrete
fck,cube:
concrete compressive
strength
*
Rk,ucr: characteristic bond resistance for

non-cracked concrete
+ Values have to be calculated according data given
in the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
TR 029. The basis of the calculations may depend
on the critical anchor spacing).
09 / 2012
37
Anchor design
Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c

and relevant ETA
= (N0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) s,N re,N
NRd,c
ec,N
where
N0Rk,c = k1 fck,cube0,5 hef1,5

*
Mc:
partial safety factor for concrete
A0c,N:
failure
area of concrete cone of an
individual anchor with large
cone

NRd,c = N0Rd,c fB f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,N fre,N
** N0Rd,c: Basic design concrete cone resistance
** fB:
** f1,N, f2,N: influence of edge distance
** f3,N:
** fh,N:
influence of embedment depth
** fre,N:
spacing
+ Ac,N:
and edge distance at the concrete

surface (idealised)
actual area of concrete cone of
the anchorage at the concrete
surface, limited by overlapping
concrete cones of adjoining
anchors
and by edges of the concrete
member
+ s,N:
influence of the disturbance of the

edges
+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
k1:

influence of excentricity
= 7,2 for anchorages in cracked
concrete
= 10,1 for anchorages in
fck,cube: concrete compressive strength
* hef:
effective anchorage depth
Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
38
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design concrete splitting resistance NRd,sp

and relevant ETA
NRd,sp
= (N0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) s,N re,N

ec,N h,sp
0
Rk,c
where
0,5
= k1 fck,cube
hef
1,5
Mc:
++
0
A c,N:
failure
individual anchor with large
cone
spacing
++ Ac,N:
and edge distance at the concrete

surface (idealised)
the anchorage at the concrete

N0Rd,c fB f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp f h,N fre,N
N0Rd,c: Basic design concrete cone resistance
fB :
f1,sp, f2,sp: influence of edge distance
f3,sp:
f h,N:
influence of base material thickness
(concrete member depth)
** fre,N:
NRd,sp =
**
**
**
**
**
anchors
+ s,N:
and by edges of the concrete

member
edges
+ re,N:
+ ec,N:
k1:

concrete
+ h,sp:
influence of the actual member
depth
* hef:
embedment depth
in
the relavant ETA (details of calculation see
Annex C
of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
0
++ Values of A c,N and Ac,N for splitting failure may be
different from those for concrete cone failure, due
to different values for the critical edge distance and
critical anchor spacing
09 / 2012
39
Anchor design
Design shear resistance

The design shear resistance is the lower value of
-
VRd,s
Design concrete pryout

resistance
VRd,cp
- Design concrete edge

resistance
VRd,c
Design steel resistance VRd,s (without lever arm)

and relevant ETA
VRd,s
= VRk,s / Ms
* VRk,s: characteristic steel resistance
* Ms:
partial safety factor for steel
failure
For steel failure with lever arm see Annex C of
ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029

** VRd,s
Steel failure with lever arm is not considered for the
simplified design method
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for anchors designed according Annex C of ETAG 001
Annex C of ETAG 001
and relevant ETA
VRd,cp
= (VRk,cp / Mp/Mc) = k NRd,c

NRd,c =
NRk,c / Mc
NRk,c: characteristic tension resistance
for
Mc:
concrete cone failure

(see design concrete cone failure)

VRd,cp = k NRd,c
*** NRd,c: characteristic tension resistance for
** k:
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k:
40
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Design concrete pryout resistance VRd,cp for bonded anchors designed according EOTA TR 029
EOTA TR 029
and relevant ETA
VRd,cp
= (VRk,cp / Mp/Mc) = k lower value of NRd,p

and NRd,c
NRd,p =
NRk,p / Mp
NRd,c
NRd,p:
=
NRk,c / Mc
characteristic tension resistance
for
combined pull-out and concrete
cone
failure (see design combined pullout
NRk,c:
VRd,cp = k lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c

NRd,p: characteristic tension resistance for
combined pull-out and concrete cone
failure (see design combined pull-out
and concrete cone failure)
NRk,c: characteristic tension resistance for
** k:
and concrete cone failure)

characteristic tension resistance
for
Mp:
Mc:

partial safety factor for combined
pull-out and concrete cone failure
(see design combined pull-out
and
concrete cone failure)
cone
failure (see design concrete cone
failure)
* k:
09 / 2012
41
Anchor design
Design concrete edge resistance VRd,c

and relevant ETA
= (V0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,V / A0c,V) s,V h,V

,V ec,V re,V
1,5
0
0,5
where
V Rk,c = k1 d hef fck,cube c1
0,5
= 0,1 (hef / c1)
0,2
= 0,1 (d / c1)
VRd,c =
**
**
**
VRd,c
Mc:
edge
+ A0c,V:
+ Ac,V:
failure
individual anchor at the lateral
concrete surface not affected by
edges (idealised)
anchorage at the lateral concrete
V0Rd,c fB f f h f4 f hef fc
V0Rd,c: Basic design concrete edge resistance
fB :
f :
Influence of angle between load
applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
** f h:
Influence of base material thickness
** f4:
Influence of anchor spacing and edge
distance
** f hef:
** fc:
influence of edge distance
The factors f hef and fc replace the function d hef,

leading to conservative results = beeing on the save
side.
anchors,
+ s,V:
by edges of the concrete member

and by member thickness
further
edges
+ h,V:
Special case: more than 2 anchors close to an edge

For a group of anchors f4 can be calculated according to
the following equation, if all anchors are equally loaded.
This can be achieved by filling the annular gaps with a
high performance injection mortar (e.g. Hilti HIT-RE 500SD or Hilti HIT-HY 150 MAX.
takes account of the fact that the

shear resistance does not
decrease
proportially to the memebr
thickness
as assumed by the idealised ratio
Ac,V / A0c,V
++ ,V:
++ ec,V:
++ re,V:
k1:
Where s1, s2, sn-1 3 c

And c2,1, c2,2 1,5 c
Influence of angle between load

applied and the direction
perpendicular to the free edge
influence of reinforcement
concrete
* d:
anchor diameter
c1:
edge distance
Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA TR 029)
++ Details see Annex C of ETAG 001 or EOTA
TR 029
42
09 / 2012
Anchor design
Combined tension and shear loading

The following equations must be
satisfied
N 1
With
N = NSd / NRd and
V = VSd / VRd
V 1
N + V 1,2 or N + V 1
NSd (VSd) = tension (shear)

design action
NRd (VRd) = tension (shear)
design resistance
Annex C of ETAG 001
2,0
if NRd and VRd are governed by steel

failure
Failure mode is not considered for the simplified method
1,5
for all other failure modes
09 / 2012
1,5
for all failure modes (leading to

conservative results = beeing on the
save side)
43
Design example
Design example
Adhesive anchoring system with variable embedment depth in non-cracked concrete
Anchoring conditions
concrete
Non-cracked concrete C50/60
service temperature
temperature range II
range of base material
Group of two anchors close to the edge
number of anchors
base material thickness
h
100 mm
anchor spacing
s
150 mm
edge distance
c
100 mm
shear load direction perpendicular to free edge
0
NSd
TENSION design action (fixing point)
15,0 kN
SHEAR design action (fixing point)
VSd
TENSION design action per anchor

SHEAR design action per anchor
(1)
NSd
VSd(1)
effective anchorage depth
hef
anchor
external diameter
15,0 kN
7,5 kN
7,5 kN
70 mm
Hilti HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V 5.8, size M12

d
12 mm
hef,typ
110 mm
typical anchorage depth

minimum edge distance
smin
60 mm
minimum spacing
cmin
60 mm
The parameters are given in the

anchor-section in the tables setting
details and setting parameters
(for HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V 5.8,
size M12)
Critical spacings and edge distances

critical spacing for concrete cone failure scr,N and critical spacing for combined
pull-out and concrete cone failure scr,Np
hef =
scr,N = scr,Np = 3 hef =
70 mm
210 mm
critical edge distance for concrete cone failure ccr,N and critical edge distance for
combined pull-out and concrete cone failure ccr,Np
hef =
70 mm
ccr,N = ccr,Np = 1,5 hef =
critical edge distance for splitting failure

for h 1,3 hef
h = 100 mm
hef =
105 mm
ccr,sp = 2,26 hef
for 1,3 hef < h < 2 hef
ccr,sp = 4,6 hef - 1,8 h
for h 2 hef
ccr,sp = 1,0 hef
70 mm
critical spacing for splitting failure

ccr,sp =
142 mm
h/hef = 1,43
ccr,sp =
scr,sp = 2 ccr,sp =
142 mm
284 mm
General remarks
According EOTA Technical Report TR 029, concrete cone, combined concrete cone and pull-out, splitting, pryout
and concrete edge design resistance must be verified for the anchor group. Steel design resistance must be
verified for the most unfavourable anchor of the anchor group.
According to the simplified design method given in this Fastening Technology Manual all anchors of a group are
loaded equally, the design resistance values given in the tables are valid for one anchor.
44
09 / 2012
Design example
Tension loading
NRd,s =
Design combined pull-out and concrete cone resistance

basic resistance
N0Rd,p
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB,p
concrete
fh,p = hef/hef,typ =
hef = 70 mm hef,typ = 110 mm
28,0 kN
See basic design tensile

resistance
(for HIT-RE 500-SD with HIT-V
5.8, size M12)
29,9 kN

resistance
5.8, size M12)
1,09
0,64
f1,N
0,99
c = 100 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
f2,N
0,97
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
f3,N
fre,N
0,86
NRd,p = N
Rd,p fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N
Design concrete cone resistance

basic resistance
concrete
hef = 70 mm
N0Rd,c
Non-cracked concrete C50/60 fB
hef,typ = 110 mm
1,5
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,00
17,1 kN
32,4 kN
1,55
=
0,51
f1,N
0,99
c = 100 mm
ccr,N = 105 mm
c/ccr,N = 0,95
f2,N
0,97
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,N = 210 mm
s/scr,N = 0,71
f3,N
fre,N
0,86
NRd,c = N0Rd,c fB fh,N f1,N f2,N f3,N fre,N =
Design splitting resistance

basic resistance
concrete
hef = 70 mm
N0Rd,c
hef,typ = 110 mm
1,5
fh,N = (hef/hef,typ)
1,00
21,1 kN
Influencing factors may be

interpolated.
32,4 kN

resistance
5.8, size M12)
and influencing factors
5.8, size M12)
1,55
=
0,51
f1,sp
0,91
c = 100 mm
ccr,sp = 142 mm
c/ccr,sp = 0,70
f2,sp
0,85
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
scr,sp = 284 mm
s/scr,sp = 0,53
f3,sp
fre,N
0,76
NRd,sp = N0Rd,c fB fh,N f1,sp f2,sp f3,sp fre,N =

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)
1,00
15,0 kN

interpolated.
Tension design resistance: lowest value
09 / 2012
NRd =
15,0 kN
45
Design example
Shear loading
VRd,s =
Concrete pryout design resistance

lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c
hef =
V =
k
VRd,cp = k V0 =
70 mm
V0Rd,c
shear load direction

perpendicular to free edge
h = 100 mm
c = 100 mm
s = 150 mm
hef = 70 mm
c=
100 mm
d=
12 mm
d=
12 mm
17,1 kN
See basic design shear

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)
11,6 kN
1,55
1,00
h/c = 1,00 fh
c/hef = 1,43
f4
s/hef = 2,14
0,82
c = 100 mm
hef = 70 mm
hef = 70 mm

resistance
5.8, size M12)
2
34,3 kN
Concrete edge design resistance

basic resistance
concrete
16,8 kN
1,28
fhef
c/d = 8,33 fc
hef/d = 5,83
0,97

resistance
5.8, size M12)
5.8, size M12)
interpolated.
0,67
12,3 kN
VRd,c = V0Rd,c fB f fh f4 fhef fc =
Shear design resistance: lowest value
VRd =
12,3 kN
The following equation must be satisfied for combined tension and shear
loads:
1,5
1,5
(Eq. 1)
(N) + (V) 1
N (V ) ratio between design action and design
resistance for tension (shear) loading
According to ETAG 001, Annex C, the following simplified equation may
be applied:
N + V 1,2 and N 1, V 1
(Eq. 2)
Combined tension and shear loading

1,2
1
(Eq. 1)
(Eq. 2)
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
Example (load values are valid for one anchor)

(1)
NSd =
(1)
VSd =
N = NSd /NRd =
0,500
7,5 kN
V = VSd(1)/VRd =
N + V =
0,612
1,112
1,2

0,832
15,0 kN
VRd =
12,3 kN
( N)
1,5
+ ( V)
1,5
7,5 kN
NRd =
46
(1)
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2
09 / 2012
Design example
09 / 2012
47

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Anchor design

For anchors for use in concrete

Partial safety factor

Global safety factor

For the global safety factor concept it

Metal anchors for use in concrete according ETAG 001

Redundant fastenings with plastic anchors

Hilti design software PROFIS Anchor

CSA (Canadian standard)

Solution for Fastening (Hilti internal design method)

Simplified design method

Annex C of ETAG 001 and EOTA TR 029 compared to simplified design

Design steel resistance

Design pull-out resistance

Design concrete cone resistance

Design splitting resistance

Design steel resistance NRd,s

Simplified design method

* Ms: partial safety factor for steel failure

Simplified design method

Simplified design method

= (N0Rk,p / Mp) (Ap,N / A0p,N) s,Np g,Np

NRd,p = N0Rd,p fB,p f1,N f2,N f3,N fh,p fre,N

partial safety factor for combined

For the simplified design method the factor g,Np (see

+ s,Np: influence of the disturbance of the

characteristic bond resistance

= 2,3 in cracked cocrete

Rk,ucr: characteristic bond resistance for

Design concrete cone resistance NRd,c

N0Rk,c = k1 fck,cube0,5 hef1,5

partial safety factor for concrete

Simplified design method

and edge distance at the concrete

influence of the disturbance of the

influence of dense reinforcement

Design concrete splitting resistance NRd,sp

= (N0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,N / A0c,N) s,N re,N

partial safety factor for concrete

and edge distance at the concrete

Simplified design method

and by edges of the concrete

influence of dense reinforcement

influence of the actual member

Design shear resistance

Design steel resistance

Design concrete pryout

- Design concrete edge

Design steel resistance VRd,s (without lever arm)

Simplified design method

= (VRk,cp / Mp/Mc) = k NRd,c

concrete cone failure

Simplified design method

Simplified design method

= (VRk,cp / Mp/Mc) = k lower value of NRd,p

VRd,cp = k lower value of NRd,p and NRd,c

and concrete cone failure)

concrete cone failure

Design concrete edge resistance VRd,c

Simplified design method

= (V0Rk,c / Mc) (Ac,V / A0c,V) s,V h,V

partial safety factor for concrete

The factors f hef and fc replace the function d hef,

by edges of the concrete member