Scribd Logo
Unggah

Selamat datang di Scribd!

  • NIS Bone Level Impl PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Sanjay Hirekodi
    38 tayangan14 halaman
    Clinical studies to assess dental implants are common in implantology. But such studies are usually performed for specific indications and following a specific prognosis.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    Judul Asli

    NIS Bone level Impl.pdf

    Hak Cipta

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Format Tersedia

    PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd

    Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

    Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

    Laporkan Dokumen Ini
    Clinical studies to assess dental implants are common in implantology. But such studies are usually performed for specific indications and following a specific prognosis.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    38 tayangan14 halaman

    NIS Bone Level Impl PDF

    Diunggah oleh

    Sanjay Hirekodi
    Clinical studies to assess dental implants are common in implantology. But such studies are usually performed for specific indications and following a specific prognosis.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 14

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L

    IMPLANTOLOGY
    A prospective noninterventional study to
    document implant success and survival of the
    Straumann Bone Level SLActive dental implant
    in daily dental practice
    Andreas Filippi, Prof Dr1/Frank L. Higginbottom, DDS2/Thomas
    Lambrecht, Prof Dr Dr3/Barry P. Levin, DMD4/Josef L. Meier, Dr med Dr
    med dent5/Paul S. Rosen, DMD, MS, PC6/Beat Wallkamm, Dr med dent7/
    Christoph Will, Dr med Dr med dent8/Mario Roccuzzo, DDS9

    Objectives: Clinical studies to assess dental implants are common in implantology, but
    such studies are usually performed for specic indications and following a specic protoDPMXJUITUSJDUJODMVTJPOBOEFYDMVTJPODSJUFSJB5IFBJNPGUIFDVSSFOUTUVEZXBTUPFWBMVBUF
    UIF4USBVNBOO#POF-FWFM4-"DUJWFEFOUBMJNQMBOUJOBQSPTQFDUJWF NVMUJDFOUFS OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBMUSJBMMethod and Materials:5IFJNQMBOUDPVMECFVTFEJOXIBUFWFSNBOOFSXBT
    EFFNFETVJUBCMFCZUIFDMJOJDJBO XJUIJOBQQSPWFEJOEJDBUJPOT/PQBSUJDVMBSQMBDFNFOUPS
    MPBEJOHQSPUPDPMXBTTQFDJmFE"UPUBMPG JNQMBOUTXFSFQMBDFEJOQBUJFOUTJO
    DFOUFSTJOOJOFDPVOUSJFTJOUIF64BOE&VSPQF"GUFSFYDMVTJPOPGUISFFDPVOUSJFTEVF
    UPQBUJFOUFOSPMMNFOUBOEEBUBJTTVFT QBUJFOUTXJUI JNQMBOUTXFSFBOBMZ[FE
    Results:.PTUQBUJFOUTSFDFJWFEPOFPSUXPJNQMBOUT BOEPGQBUJFOUT 
    SFTQFDUJWFMZ
    BOEPGDBTFTXFSFQFSGPSNFEXJUIBSBJTFEnBQ"TVCNFSHFEIFBMJOH
    QSPUPDPMXBTTJHOJmDBOUMZNPSFQSFWBMFOUJO&VSPQFBODFOUFST XIJMFUSBOTNVDPTBMIFBMJOH
    XBTTJHOJmDBOUMZNPSFQSFWBMFOUJO/PSUI"NFSJDBODFOUFST"GUFSZFBS QBUJFOUTXJUI
    JNQMBOUTXFSFBWBJMBCMFGPSFWBMVBUJPO5IFDVNVMBUJWFJNQMBOUTVSWJWBMBOETVDDFTT
    SBUFTXFSFBOE SFTQFDUJWFMZConclusions:5IJTQSPTQFDUJWFOPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBMTUVEZFWBMVBUFEUIFVTFPG4USBVNBOO#POF-FWFM4-"DUJWFEFOUBMJNQMBOUTJOB
    MBSHFOVNCFSPGQBUJFOUT5IFDVNVMBUJWFTVSWJWBMBOETVDDFTTSBUFTXFSFTJNJMBSUPUIPTF
    PCTFSWFEJODPOUSPMMFEDMJOJDBMUSJBMT DPOmSNJOHUIJTEFOUBMJNQMBOUTDMJOJDBMBQQMJDBCJMJUZJO
    daily practice. (Quintessence Int 2013;44:499512; doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a29611)

    Key words:CPOFMFWFMEFOUBMJNQMBOU EBJMZEFOUBMQSBDUJDF OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBMTUVEZ 


    4-"DUJWF
    1

    Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine,

    Germany.

    land.
    2

    Professor, Restorative Sciences and Graduate Prosthodontics,


    Dallas, TX, USA.

    Private Practice; Specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery;


    Zentrum fr zahnrztliche Chirurgie Implantologie, Kitzingen,

    School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzer-

    Private Practice, Torino, Italy; and Lecturer in Periodontology,


    University of Siena, Italy.

    Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine,

    Correspondence: Dr Mario Roccuzzo, Corso Tassoni 14, 10143

    School of Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzer-

    Torino, Italy. Email: mroccuzzo@iol.it.

    land.
    4

    Clinical Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Graduate Periodontology; and Private Practice, Elkins
    Park, PA, USA.

    Private Practice and In-patient Doctor; Specialist in Oral and


    Maxillofacial Surgery; MKG-Landshut Praxisklinik fr MKGChirurgie, Implantologie und Parodontologie, Landshut, Germany.

    Clinical Associate Professor of Periodontics, Baltimore College


    of Dental Surgery, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Private Practice, Yardley, PA, USA.

    Specialist in Periodontology SSO, Clinical Associate Professor,

    &OEPTTFPVT EFOUBM JNQMBOUT IBWF EFNPOTUSBUFE FYDFMMFOU MPOHUFSN TVSWJWBM BOE


    predictable support for dental prostheses,
    from single crowns to full-arch xed dental
    QSPTUIFTFT BOE PWFSEFOUVSFT 5IF TVDcess of dental implants in patients has been
    FYUFOTJWFMZ EFNPOTUSBUFE JO DMJOJDBM USJBMT
    GPS PWFS  ZFBST 4VDI DMJOJDBM TUVEJFT UP
    BTTFTT EFOUBM JNQMBOU TVSWJWBM SBUFT BSF

    University of Berne, Department of Periodontology; and Private

    common in implantology, and the results

    Practice, Langenthal, Switzerland.

    are often cited by dental implant manufac-

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    499

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    turers as proof of the success of their prod-

    esthetic implant treatment is therefore to

    ucts.  )PXFWFS  UIFTF TUVEJFT BSF VTVBMMZ

    NJOJNJ[FCPOFMPTTBTNVDIBTQPTTJCMF

    performed according to a protocol with

    "CPOFMFWFMJNQMBOUXJUIBTBOECMBTUFE 

    strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, which

    large-grit, acid-etched, and hydrophilic sur-

    dictates the enrollment of patients with spe-

    GBDF 4-"DUJWF
    IBTCFFOEFWFMPQFEXJUIB

    DJmD EFOUBM TJUVBUJPOT  PS BJN UP JOWFTUJHBUF

    WJFX UP PCUBJOJOH NPSF QSFEJDUBCMF PVU-

    a specic indication. One potential criticism

    DPNFTJOUIFFTUIFUJD[POF5IF4USBVNBOO

    of such studies, therefore, is that they may

    #POF -FWFM JNQMBOU JT EFTJHOFE UP CF

    OPU BDDVSBUFMZ SFnFDU UIF XJEF WBSJFUZ PG

    placed with the neck of the implant at the

    patients and situations seen in normal daily

    TBNF MFWFM BT UIF DSFTUBM CPOF 6OMJLF TPGU

    EFOUBM QSBDUJDF 5IF DMJOJDJBOT JOWPMWFE JO

    UJTTVFMFWFMJNQMBOUT UIFCPOFMFWFMJNQMBOU

    such formal clinical trials may potentially

    has no metallic tulip-shaped shoulder, so

    EFWPUF NPSF UJNF BOE BUUFOUJPO UP UIF

    UIBUUIFWJTJCJMJUZPGBOZHSBZNFUBMMJDTIBEPX

    patients in the trial, due to the study set-up.

    through the soft tissue can be eliminated.

    *O BEEJUJPO  UIF DMJOJDJBOT JOWPMWFE JO UIFTF

    1SFDMJOJDBM TUVEJFT FWBMVBUJOH UIF QMBUGPSN

    DMJOJDBMUSJBMTBSFVTVBMMZTQFDJBMJTUTPSIBWF

    TXJUDIJOH DPODFQU XJUI UIJT JNQMBOU IBWF

    additional training in a particular dental dis-

    TIPXO WFSZ MJUUMF CPOF MPTT BOE OP TJHOJm-

    cipline, and this may increase the likelihood

    cant differences between submucosal and

    PG IJHIFS JNQMBOU TVSWJWBM9 For these rea-

    transmucosal healing approaches. 5IF

    sons, formal clinical trials may be biased

    SFTVMUT XFSF JO MJOF XJUI UIPTF PCTFSWFE JO

    UPXBSETNPSFGBWPSBCMFPVUDPNFT

    TJNJMBSQSFWJPVTTUVEJFT   but with smaller

    5P NJOJNJ[F TPNF PG UIF DSJUJDJTNT MFW-

    DSFTUBMCPOFMPTTWBMVFTNFBOCPOFMPTT

    ied as to the applicability of a highly con-

    NPOUIT BGUFS MPBEJOH XBT NN 

    trolled institution-based study to clinical

    NN  BOE NN GPS TVCNVDPTBM

    QSJWBUF QSBDUJDF  B OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM TUVEZ

    JNQMBOUT QMBDFE BCPWF  CFMPX  PS BU UIF

    could be designed and initiated for the

    DSFTUBM CPOF MFWFM  SFTQFDUJWFMZ  BOE

    FWBMVBUJPOPGBQBSUJDVMBSNFEJDBMEFWJDF*O

    NN  NN BOE NN GPS

    B OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM USJBM  UIF QSPEVDU JO

    USBOTNVDPTBM JNQMBOUT QMBDFE BCPWF 

    question would be used in the manner for

    CFMPX BOEBUUIFDSFTUBMCPOFMFWFM SFTQFD-

    XIJDIJUIBTCFFOBQQSPWFE CVUUIFBTTJHO-

    UJWFMZ " TFDPOE TUVEZ XJUI B TJNJMBS QSPUP-

    ment of patients to a particular therapeutic

    col showed bone-to-implant contact per-

    strategy would not be determined by a

    DFOUBHFT  NPOUIT BGUFS MPBEJOH PG  

    clinical trial protocol. Instead, treatment is

     BOEGPSTVCNVDPTBMJNQMBOUT

    determined according to the standard cur-

    BCPWF  CFMPX  BOE BU UIF CPOF DSFTU MFWFM 

    rent practice of the clinician, independent of

    BOE  BOEGPSUSBOTNV-

    the decision to include the patient in the

    DPTBM JNQMBOUT BCPWF  CFMPX  BOE BU UIF

    TUVEZ )PXFWFS  UIF VTBHF PG UIF QSPEVDU

    CPOFDSFTUMFWFM SFTQFDUJWFMZ

    would be systematically documented and

    5IFHPBMPGUIFQSFTFOUTUVEZXBTUPFWBMV-

    BOBMZ[FE 5IF JOUFOUJPO PG TVDI B OPOJOUFS-

    BUF UIF TVDDFTT BOE TVSWJWBM PG 4USBVNBOO

    WFOUJPOBM TUVEZ JO UIF DPOUFYU PG EFOUBM

    #POF -FWFM 4-"DUJWF JNQMBOUT JO EBJMZ EFOUBM

    JNQMBOUPMPHZ XPVME UIFSFGPSF WFSJGZ UIF

    practice in normal clinical situations for up to

    results of controlled clinical studies in a

    ZFBSTZFBSSFTVMUTBSFSFQPSUFEIFSF

    real-world situation.
    *NQMBOUPVUDPNFTBSFJOnVFODFECZUIF
    implant design as well as the surgical pro-

    METHOD AND MATERIALS

    DFEVSF 5IFSF JT B XJEF WBSJFUZ PG JNQMBOU


    an emphasis in recent years on implants

    Clinicians, patients, and


    implants

    and

    designs and surfaces on the market, with


    for

    5IJT TUVEZ XBT B QSPTQFDUJWF  NVMUJDFOUFS 

    JNQSPWFE FTUIFUJD SFTVMUT  Esthetic out-

    OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM TUVEZ VTJOH 4USBVNBOO

    comes depend mainly on the amount of

    #POF -FWFM 4-"DUJWF JNQMBOUT *OTUJUVU

    peri-implant bone remodeling, which can

    4USBVNBOO
     5IF JNQMBOUT XFSF BMMPXFE UP

    CF JOnVFODFE CZ UIF JNQMBOU EFTJHO Fol-

    CFVTFEJOBMMBQQSPWFEJOEJDBUJPOTBOEBMM

    lowing implant placement, the goal with

    implant therapies at the discretion of each

    

    surgical

    procedures

    designed

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    JOEJWJEVBMDMJOJDJBO$MJOJDJBOTXFSFBMMPXFE

    PCUBJOFE%FNPHSBQIJDEBUB BHF TFY BOE

    UPUBLFQBSUJOUIFTUVEZQSPWJEFEUIBUUIFZ

    SBDF
     PSBM IZHJFOF TDPSF CBTFE PO UIF

    were generally familiar with and legally

    JOWFTUJHBUPSTDMJOJDBMFYQFSJFODF<FYDFM-

    allowed to perform dental implant treat-

    MFOU  HPPE  TBUJTGBDUPSZ  CBE>


    

    NFOU 5IF FYQFSJFODF BOE FEVDBUJPOBM

    EFOUBM TJUVBUJPO OVNCFS BOE QPTJUJPO PG

    background of participating clinicians was

    NJTTJOH UFFUI
     BOE SFBTPOT GPS UPPUI MPTT

    assessed by internet-based background

    XFSF SFDPSEFE 1BUJFOUT XFSF BMTP FWBMV-

    searches. Patients were eligible to partici-

    BUFE GPS EFOUBMPSBM SJTL GBDUPST VOUSFBUFE

    pate if their general medical condition was

    periodontitis, insufcient oral hygiene, brux-

    sufcient to allow an oral surgical proced-

    JTN  BOE IPSJ[POUBMWFSUJDBM CPOF EFGFDUT


    

    ure and if dental implant treatment was

    BOE TZTUFNJD SJTL GBDUPST TNPLJOH  NFUB-

    JOEJDBUFE GPS UPPUI SFTUPSBUJPO /P TQFDJmD

    bolic diseases, medication, alcohol or drug

    inclusion or exclusion criteria were applied,

    abuse, radiotherapy, tumor surgery, chronic

    and there was no general medical condition

    TJOVTJUJT BOEQIZTJDBMEJTBCJMJUZ
    

    where oral surgical procedures were contra-

    5ZQFTBOETJUFTPGJNQMBOUTQMBDFEXFSF

    indicated. Patient willingness to consent to

    EPDVNFOUFE BU JNQMBOU QMBDFNFOU mSTU

    participation in the study was necessary,

    TUBHFTVSHFSZ
    BOEUIFUZQFPGIFBMJOHQSP-

    and data collection and analysis were

    DFEVSF TVCNFSHFE  OPOTVCNFSHFE  PS

    EFTJHOFE UP QSFTFSWF UIF BOPOZNJUZ PG UIF

    TFNJTVCNFSHFE
     BOE BCVUNFOUIFBMJOH

    QBUJFOUT"MMBTQFDUTPGUIFTUVEZXFSFQFS-

    BCVUNFOU VTFE XBT SFDPSEFE 5IF UJNF

    formed according to the World Medical

    since the tooth to be replaced was lost or

    "TTPDJBUJPO %FDMBSBUJPO PG )FMTJOLJ GPS

    SFNPWFE XBT SFDPSEFE BOE DBUFHPSJ[FE

    QBUJFOUTQBSUJDJQBUJOHJODMJOJDBMTUVEJFT5IF

    BDDPSEJOH UP UIF 1SPDFFEJOHT PG UIF *5*

    TUVEZ IBT CFFO JOEFQFOEFOUMZ SFWJFXFE

    Consensus Conference:

    BOE BQQSPWFE CZ UIF SFTQFDUJWF FUIJDT

    t UZQF  JNNFEJBUF QMBDFNFOU BT QBSU PG

    committees of each participating country,


    5IF JNQMBOUT #POF -FWFM 4-"DUJWF 
    *OTUJUVU4USBVNBOO
    IBEBCPEZEJBNFUFSPG
    NNBOEMFOHUITPG   PSNN
    " WBSJFUZ PG BCVUNFOUT XFSF BMMPXFE UP CF
    VTFE JODMVEJOHQSPWJTJPOBMBCVUNFOUT TPMJE
    abutments,

    Meso

    the same surgical procedure


    t UZQF  FBSMZ QMBDFNFOU XJUI TPGU UJTTVF

    where applicable.

    abutments,

    IFBMJOH UPXFFLT

    t UZQFFBSMZQMBDFNFOUXJUIQBSUJBMCPOF
    IFBMJOH UPXFFLT

    t type 4: late placement in fully healed site


    NPOUIT
    

    anatomic

    abutments, gold abutments, and Locator

    Implant loading

    BCVUNFOUT"MMQSPTUIFUJDDPNQPOFOUTXFSF

    *O UIF FWFOU PG TFDPOETUBHF TVSHFSZ GPS

    to be used within their standard indications

    TVCNFSHFE JNQMBOUT
     UIF UZQF PG TFDPOE-

    BOE SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT GPS VTF /P QBSUJDV-

    ary component and any complications were

    lar implant placement or loading protocol

    recorded. Loading protocols followed the

    XBT TQFDJmFE BMM TVSHJDBM QSPUPDPMT GSPN

    normal time schedules followed in each

    immediate implant placement in extraction

    center. Implants were loaded with single

    TPDLFUTUPQMBDFNFOUJOTJUFTIFBMFEGPS

    crowns, splinted crowns, or xed partial

    XFFLTBOEPWFSXFSFBMMPXFE BOEBMMMPBE-

    dentures, or full- or partial-arch prostheses.

    JOH QSPUPDPMT GSPN JNNFEJBUF XJUIJO 

    For temporary and nal restoration, the type

    IPVST BGUFS QMBDFNFOU


     UP EFMBZFE 

    of restoration was recorded, implant suc-

    NPOUIT BGUFS QMBDFNFOU


     XFSF BMMPXFE  BU

    DFTT BOE TVSWJWBM DSJUFSJB XFSF FWBMVBUFE 

    the discretion of each participating clini-

    DPNQMJDBUJPOT XFSF OPUFE  BOE TVCKFDUJWF

    DJBO"MMJNQMBOUTXFSFUPCFQMBDFEBDDPSE-

    SBEJPHSBQIJD CPOF MFWFM FYBNJOBUJPO XBT

    ing to normal treatment protocols and the

    performed. Implant loading was performed

    NBOVGBDUVSFSTSFDPNNFOEBUJPOT

    BDDPSEJOHUPUIFJOEJWJEVBMQBUJFOUTJUVBUJPO 
    BOEUIFMPBEJOHQSPUPDPMTXFSFDBUFHPSJ[FE

    Surgical procedures and


    assessments

    according to the criteria by Cochran et al:


    t Immediate

    restoration:

    restoration

    Patient examination was performed at a

    QMBDFE PVU PG PDDMVTJPO XJUIJO  IPVST

    QSFTVSHFSZWJTJU BOEJOGPSNFEDPOTFOUXBT

    of implant surgery

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    t Immediate loading: restoration placed in

    RESULTS

    PDDMVTJPOXJUIJOIPVSTPGJNQMBOUTVSgery
    t Early loading: restoration placed at least

    Patients, clinicians,
    and implants

    IPVSTBGUFSJNQMBOUTVSHFSZ CVUXJUIJO

    1BUJFOUT XFSF FOSPMMFE BU  DFOUFST JO

    NPOUIT

    OJOFDPVOUSJFT #FMHJVN $BOBEB (FSNBOZ 

    t $POWFOUJPOBMMPBEJOHSFTUPSBUJPOQMBDFE

    *UBMZ  5IF /FUIFSMBOET  4QBJO  4XJU[FSMBOE 

    in a second procedure after a healing

    6OJUFE,JOHEPN BOEUIF6OJUFE4UBUFT
    "

    QFSJPE PG  UP  NPOUIT BGUFS JNQMBOU

    UPUBMPGQBUJFOUTSFDFJWFE JNQMBOUT

    surgery

    'JH
     5IF NFBO QBUJFOU BHF XBT

    t %FMBZFEMPBEJOHSFTUPSBUJPOQMBDFEJOB

     ZFBST SBOHF  UP 

    TFDPOE QSPDFEVSF BU MFBTU  NPOUIT

    ZFBST
    XFSFXPNFOBOEXFSF

    after implant surgery.

    NFO EBUBXFSFNJTTJOHGPS
    5IFSFBTPOTGPSUPPUIMPTTBSFEFUBJMFEJO5BCMF

    Follow-up evaluations

    " UPUBM PG  DMJOJDJBOT UPPL QBSU JO UIF

    'PMMPXVQFWBMVBUJPOT FYBNJOJOHQFSJBQJDBM

    TUVEZ  FBDI QMBDJOH  JNQMBOUT PO BWFS-

    SBEJPHSBQIZ JNQMBOUTVDDFTTBOETVSWJWBM 

    BHF SBOHF   UP  JNQMBOUT NPEF  

    SBEJPHSBQIJDCPOFMFWFMNFBTVSFNFOU BOE

    JNQMBOUT
     5IF FEVDBUJPOBM CBDLHSPVOE PG

    DPNQMJDBUJPOT XFSFQFSGPSNFEBGUFSZFBS 

    the participating clinicians is presented in

    XJUI GVSUIFS GPMMPXVQ WJTJUT QMBOOFE BGUFS 

    'JH 'JGUZUXP DMJOJDJBOT XFSF JEFOUJmFE BT

    BOEZFBST3BEJPHSBQIZBOESBEJPHSBQIJD

    PSBM BOE NBYJMMPGBDJBM TVSHFPOT   XFSF

    NFBTVSFNFOU PG CPOF MFWFM XFSF TUSPOHMZ

    periodontists, and 44 were classied as

    SFDPNNFOEFE XIFSF QFSGPSNFE  UIFTF

    general dentists. In addition to the academic

    XFSFOPUTUBOEBSEJ[FEUISPVHIPVUUIFTUVEZ 

    FEVDBUJPOJUXBTBMTPFWBMVBUFEUIBUDMJOJ-

    but were performed according to each

    cians were specialists in oral implantology.


    6QPOBOBMZ[JOHUIFSFTVMUT JUXBTBQQBS-

    DMJOJDTTUBOEBSEQSPDFEVSF
    Implant success was dened according

    FOU UIBU TFWFSBM QSPCMFNT XFSF FODPVO-

    UPUIFDSJUFSJBCZ#VTFSFUBM:

    tered in centers from three of the countries

    t absence of pain

    #FMHJVN  5IF /FUIFSMBOET  BOE 4QBJO


    

    t absence of recurrent peri-implant infection

    %VF UP UIF JODPNQMFUF SFDPSEJOH PG EBUB

    t absence of tactile mobility

    FH POMZPGBUPUBMPGQBUJFOUTJOUIFTF

    t absence of continuous peri-implant radio-

    countries had a documented nal restoraUJPO


     BOE JODPOTJTUFOU GPMMPXVQ BOBMZTFT

    lucency.
    4VSWJWJOHJNQMBOUTXFSFUIPTFUIBUXFSFTUJMM

    POMZ  QBUJFOUT XFSF BWBJMBCMF BU UIF

    in place, whether functionally successful or

    ZFBSGPMMPXVQ
    EBUBBOBMZTJTXBTJODPN-

    not. Implant failure was dened by implant

    QMFUF GPS UIFTF DPVOUSJFT 5IVT  JU XBT

    SFNPWBM GSBDUVSFCFZPOESFQBJS PSDMBTTJm-

    decided to exclude these countries from the

    DBUJPOPUIFSUIBOTVDDFTTGVMPSTVSWJWJOH

    analysis. In the remaining six countries, a


    UPUBMPGQBUJFOUTSFDFJWFE JNQMBOUT

    Endpoints

    'JH
    

    5IF QSJNBSZ FOEQPJOUT XFSF UIF JNQMBOU

     ZFBST SBOHF  UP 

    TVSWJWBM BOE TVDDFTT SBUFT  ZFBS BGUFS

    ZFBST
    5IJTQBUJFOUQPQVMBUJPOXBTVTFEGPS

    BCVUNFOUQMBDFNFOU4FDPOEBSZFOEQPJOUT

    all subsequent results.

    UIF

    NFBO

    QBUJFOU

    BHF

    XBT

    XFSF DIBOHF JO DSFTUBM CPOF MFWFM BOE

    /P EFOUBM PS TZTUFNJD SJTL GBDUPST XFSF

    FWBMVBUJPO PG MPBEJOH QSPUPDPM %FTDSJQUJWF

    SFQPSUFE GPS  BOE  PG QBUJFOUT 

    TUBUJTUJDT NFBOT BOE TUBOEBSE EFWJBUJPOT


    

    SFTQFDUJWFMZ5IFNPTUDPNNPOEFOUBMSJTL

    XFSF VTFE UP SFQPSU UIF EBUB 5P FWBMVBUF

    GBDUPSXBTIPSJ[POUBMPSWFSUJDBMCPOFEFGFDU

    BOZ QPUFOUJBM EJGGFSFODFT CFUXFFO UIF 64

     PG QBUJFOUT


     GPMMPXFE CZ CSVYJTN

    BOE&VSPQFBOQBUJFOUHSPVQT B4UVEFOUTt

    
    BOEJOTVGmDJFOUPSBMIZHJFOFPSQFSJ-

    test with a two-tailed distribution and two-

    PEPOUJUJT  FBDI


     5IF NBJO TZTUFNJD

    TBNQMFVOFRVBMWBSJBODFXBTQFSGPSNFEP

    risk factor was the use of concomitant

    WBMVFTMFTTUIBOXFSFDPOTJEFSFETUBUJT-

    NFEJDBUJPO 
     GPMMPXFE CZ EJBCFUFT

    tically signicant.

    NFMMJUVTBOEPTUFPQPSPTJT FBDI
    5IF
    QSFWBMFODF PG PUIFS SJTL GBDUPST NFUBCPMJD

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    Enrollment:
    852 patients, 1,532 implants
    Implantation:
    759 patients, 1,355 implants

    Belgium, Netherlands, Spain


    excluded from analysis
    9 implant failures

    Provisional restoration:
    653 patients, 1,134 implants
    1 implant failure
    Final restoration:
    643 patients, 1,113 implants

    1 implant failure,
    3 of unknown status

    1-year follow-up:
    538 patients, 908 implants

    Fig 1 Number of patients and implants. The number of patients and implants are depicted from the patient
    enrollment until the 1-year follow-up: 759 patients received a total number of 1,355 implants at the implantation visit. After 1 year, 538 patients and 908 implants were still included in the study. The implant failures
    between the visits are presented. In total, 11 implants failed during the rst year after placement and 3 were
    of unknown status.

    Table 1

    Reasons for tooth loss: the reason for tooth loss was recorded for all
    patients enrolled in the study

    Reason

    No. of implants (%)

    Periodontitis

     

    Caries

     

    Unsuccessful endodontic treatment

     

    5PPUIGSBDUVSF

     

    Loss due to trauma

     

    Congenitally missing

     

    &YDFTTJWFJOUFSOBMSPPUSFTPSQUJPO

     

    1SFWJPVTJNQMBOUMPTU

     

    3PPUSFTPSQUJPOGPMMPXJOHSFJNQMBOUBUJPO

     

    'SBDUVSFPGQSFWJPVTJNQMBOU

     

    Other

     

    5PUBM

      

    43%
    General dentists

    6%
    Periodontists

    51%
    Oral and
    maxillofacial
    surgeons

    Fig 2 Educational background of the 102 participating clinicians. Among the 102 participating clinicians from 6 countries, the academic education was
    evaluated by internet-based background checks; 52
    were identied as oral and maxillofacial surgeons
    based on reported comprehensive education in this
    eld, 6 were periodontists, and 44 were classied as
    general dentists. Clinicians were classied as general
    dentists if not reported otherwise. Besides the academic background, 19 clinicians could be classied
    as specialists in dental implantology due to reported
    education.

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    disease other than diabetes mellitus, tumor

    BOEFJHIUJNQMBOUT    BOE

    TVSHFSZBOEPSSBEJBUJPOUIFSBQZ BOEQIZT-

    GPSmWF TJY TFWFO BOEFJHIUJNQMBOUT 

    JDBMEJTBCJMJUZ
    XBTMPXFSUIBOFBDI5IF

    SFTQFDUJWFMZ
    *NQMBOUMFOHUITPGNNBOE

    NBKPSJUZ PG QBUJFOUT TIPXFE HPPE 


    

    NN XFSF NPTU DPNNPOMZ VTFE 

    PSTBUJTGBDUPSZ 
    PSBMIZHJFOFTDPSFT 

    BOEPGJNQMBOUT SFTQFDUJWFMZ
    

    XJUI FYDFMMFOU TDPSFT JO  POMZ 

    XFSF NN MPOH BOE  XFSF NN

    TIPXFE B CBE PSBM IZHJFOF TDPSF 5IF

    MPOH *O UPUBM   PG UIF JNQMBOUT XFSF

    NBKPSJUZ PG UIF QBUJFOUT 


     XFSF OPO-

    QMBDFE JO UIF NBYJMMB BOE  XFSF

    smokers.

    QMBDFEJOUIFNBOEJCMF5IFEFUBJMFEJNQMBOU

    .PTU QBUJFOUT SFDFJWFE POF PS UXP

    distribution according to the tooth position

    JNQMBOUT  BOE  PG QBUJFOUT 

    JT TIPXO JO 'JH *O UPUBM   JNQMBOUT

    SFTQFDUJWFMZ
    XIJMFBOESFDFJWFE

    
     XFSF QMBDFE JO UIF FTUIFUJD SFHJPO

    UISFF BOE GPVS JNQMBOUT  SFTQFDUJWFMZ 5IF

    QPTJUJPOT  UP  BDDPSEJOH UP '%* 8PSME

    SFNBJOJOH QBUJFOUT SFDFJWFE CFUXFFO mWF

    %FOUBM'FEFSBUJPOOPUBUJPO
    

    120

    Number of implants

    100
    80
    60
    40
    20
    0
    18

    17

    16

    15

    14

    13 12 11 21 22 23
    FDI tooth position - maxilla

    24

    25

    26

    27

    28

    38

    37

    36

    35

    34

    33 32 31 41 42 43 44
    FDI tooth position - mandible

    45

    46

    47

    48

    a
    120

    Number of implants

    100
    80
    60
    40
    20
    0
    b

    Fig 3 Implant distribution according to tooth position. The number of implants per tooth position is depicted in the maxilla (a) and in the mandible (b), according to the FDI World Dental Federation notation. A total
    of 649 implants (47.9%) were placed in the esthetic region (positions 14 to 24).

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    Surgical procedures

    SFDPSEFE5IFCPOFRVBMJUZSFDPSEFEBUUIF

    5IFUJNFCFUXFFOUPPUIMPTTPSUPPUIFYUSBD-

    QPTJUJPOPGFBDIJNQMBOUJTTIPXOJO5BCMF

    tion and implantation was recorded for the

    1SJNBSZTUBCJMJUZXBTBDIJFWFEGPSPG

      JOTFSUFE JNQMBOUT 5IF UJNJOH PG

    implants placed.

    JNQMBOUQMBDFNFOUXBTDBUFHPSJ[FEBTUZQF

    5IF IFBMJOH QSPUPDPM VTFE JT TIPXO JO

    UP BDDPSEJOHUPUIF1SPDFFEJOHTPGUIF

    5BCMF 4JNJMBS UP UIF UJNJOH PG JNQMBOU

    *5* $POTFOTVT $POGFSFODF 5BCMF


    

    QMBDFNFOU UIFSFXBTBEJGGFSFODFPCTFSWFE

    5IFSFXBTBEJGGFSFODFFWJEFOUCFUXFFOUIF

    in the healing protocol between the Euro-

    &VSPQFBO BOE /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST *O

    QFBO BOE /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST &VSP-

    European centers implants were preferably

    pean centers predominantly used a sub-

    QMBDFE MBUF BGUFS UPPUI FYUSBDUJPO 

    NFSHFEQSPUPDPM PGJNQMBOUT
    XIJMF

    UZQF   NPOUIT BGUFS UPPUI FYUSBDUJPO


    

    /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST QSFEPNJOBOUMZ

    while only a minority of implants were

    FNQMPZFE USBOTNVDPTBM IFBMJOH  PG

    placed immediately after tooth extraction

    JNQMBOUT
     5IFTF IFBMJOH QSPUPDPMT XFSF

     UZQF  JNNFEJBUFMZ BGUFS UPPUI

    TJHOJmDBOUMZ EJGGFSFOU P


     CFUXFFO

    FYUSBDUJPO
     *O DPOUSBTU  JO /PSUI "NFSJDBO

    &VSPQFBOE/PSUI"NFSJDB)PXFWFS UIFSF

    centers the majority of implants were prefer-

    was no signicant difference for semi-sub-

    BCMZQMBDFEFJUIFSJNNFEJBUFMZ UZQF

    NFSHFEIFBMJOH JO&VSPQFBODFOUFST

    
    PSMBUFBGUFSUPPUIFYUSBDUJPO UZQF

    DPNQBSFEUPJO/PSUI"NFSJDBODFO-

    
     5IVT  UIFSF XFSF TJHOJmDBOU EJGGFSFODFT

    UFSTP
    

    in the timing of implant placements between


    UIF &VSPQFBO BOE /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST

    Provisional and final restoration

    PWBMVFTTIPXOJO5BCMF
    'JHVSFTIPXT

    0G   JNQMBOUT JO  QBUJFOUT XIFSF

    an exemplary case of a patient whose man-

    EBUB XFSF BWBJMBCMF GPS FWBMVBUJPO BU UIF

    dibular right rst premolar was extracted 4

    QSPWJTJPOBM SFTUPSBUJPO TUBHF  UIFSF XFSF

    weeks prior to implant placement.

    OJOFJNQMBOUGBJMVSFT 'JH
    1SPWJTJPOBMSFT-

    " TVSHJDBM QSPDFEVSF XIFSF B nBQ XBT

    UPSBUJPO XBT QFSGPSNFE GPS  JNQMBOUT

    FMFWBUFE XBT QFSGPSNFE JO  PG DBTFT 

    
    %BUBGSPNBUPUBMPG JNQMBOUT

    XIJMF B nBQMFTT QSPDFEVSF XBT QFSGPSNFE

    JOQBUJFOUTXFSFBWBJMBCMFGPSBOBMZTJTBU

    JO POMZ  PG DBTFT GPS UIF SFNBJOJOH

    UIF mOBM SFTUPSBUJPO TUBHF 'JH


     BOE POF

    cases the surgical procedure was not

    BEEJUJPOBM JNQMBOU GBJMVSF XBT OPUFE JF  BMM

    Table 2

    Classification for the timing of implant placement. The time between


    tooth loss or extraction and implantation was categorized according to
    the Proceedings of the ITI Consensus Conference.19 Absolute numbers
    of implants and percentages (in parentheses) are shown according to
    region.

    Classification

    United States/Canada

    5ZQFEJSFDUMZBGUFSUPPUIFYUSBDUJPO
    JNNFEJBUFQMBDFNFOU

      

      

     

      

      

     

    5ZQFoXFFLTQPTUFYUSBDUJPO
    FBSMZQMBDFNFOUXJUIQBSUJBMCPOFIFBMJOH

     

     

     

    5ZQFXFFLT
    MBUFQMBDFNFOU

      

      

     

    5PUBM

     

      

      

    5ZQFoXFFLTQPTUFYUSBDUJPO
    FBSMZQMBDFNFOUXJUITPGUUJTTVFIFBMJOH

    Europe

    Overall

    4UBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOUEJGGFSFODF P
    CFUXFFOUIFSFHJPOT TUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOUEJGGFSFODF P
    CFUXFFO
    the regions.

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    i
    Fig 4 Exemplary clinical case. The placement of an implant into the extracted site
    of the mandibular right rst premolar and
    subsequent restoration are shown. Surgical treatment was performed 4 weeks
    after extraction and soft tissue healing (a).
    Full ap elevation revealed a wide defect
    aecting the adjacent teeth (b), which was
    treated with scaling, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and Straumann
    Emdogain (c) prior to implant placement
    (d). Bone grafting using demineralized
    bovine bone mineral (e) was performed
    before suturing for submerged implant
    healing (f). The clinical situation 16 weeks
    after surgery with healthy peri-implant
    soft tissues (g) allowed impression taking
    (h). The nal ceramic crown is shown in
    place with a shallow probing depth (i),
    stable peri-implant soft tissues (j), and the
    respective radiographic image (k).

    GBJMVSFT IBE CFFO QSFWJPVTMZ SFDPSEFE BU

    FJHIUDBTFTPGSBEJPMVDFODZ 
    BOEGPVS

    UIFQSPWJTJPOBMSFTUPSBUJPOWJTJU
    5IFDVNV-

    DBTFTPGQFSJJNQMBOUJUJT 
    

    MBUJWF JNQMBOU TVSWJWBM SBUF XBT UIFSFGPSF

    5BCMF TIPXT UIF UZQFT PG SFTUPSBUJPOT

     BU UIJT TUBHF 1SPCMFNT XJUI UIF

    used at the nal restoration stage. Most

    JNQMBOUTXFSFOPUFEJODBTFT JODMVEJOH

    SFTUPSBUJPOT XFSF DFNFOUFE  PG

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    Table 3

    Bone quality: at the implantation visit, bone quality was recorded at the
    position of each implant

    Bone quality

    No. of implants

    5ZQF

    Frequency (%)

    

    

    5ZQF

    

    

    5ZQF

    

    

    5ZQF

    79

    

    6OLOPXONJTTJOH
    5PUBM

    Table 4

    

    

     

    

    Implant healing protocol according to region: implants were allowed to


    heal according to one of the three healing protocols indicated

    Healing protocol

    United States/Canada

    Europe

    Overall

    4VCNFSHFE

      

      

    4FNJTVCNFSHFE

     

     

     

    5SBOTNVDPTBM

      

      

     

    6OLOPXONJTTJOH
    5PUBM

     

     

     

     

     

      

      

    4UBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOUEJGGFSFODF P
    CFUXFFOUIFSFHJPOT EJGGFSFODFOPUTUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P
    
    between the regions

    Table 5

    Type of restoration recorded at the final restoration visit

    Type of restoration

    No. of implants

    Frequency (%)

    4JOHMFDSPXO

    

    

    'JYFEQBSUJBMEFOUVSFT JODMVEJOHDBOUJMFWFS

    

    

    Full-arch prosthesis

    

    9.4

    

    

    Partial-arch prosthesis
    6OLOPXONJTTJOH
    5PUBM

    

    

     

    

    JNQMBOUT
    TDSFXSFUFOUJPOXBTVTFEJOPOMZ

    WT<P>GPSJNNFEJBUFMPBE-

    PGDBTFT BOEPUIFSUZQFTPGSFUFOUJPO

    JOHBOEWT<P>GPSJNNFEJ-

    XFSF VTFE JO  PG DBTFT $POWFOUJPOBM

    BUFSFTUPSBUJPO
    

    implant loading was predominantly used


    MPBEJOH 
    BOEFBSMZMPBEJOH 
    

    Implant survival and success and


    bone measurements after 1 year

    5BCMF
    $POWFOUJPOBMMPBEJOHXBTTJHOJm-

    "GUFSZFBS BUPUBMPGQBUJFOUTXJUI

    DBOUMZNPSFQSFWBMFOUJOUIF&VSPQFBODFO-

    JNQMBOUT XFSF BWBJMBCMF GPS FWBMVBUJPO

    UFSTUIBOUIF/PSUI"NFSJDBODFOUFST 

    'JH
     "U UIJT TUBHF  UIFSF XBT POF BEEJ-

    DPNQBSFE UP  P


     *NNFEJBUF

    UJPOBM JNQMBOU GBJMVSF SFDPSEFE EVF UP MPTT

    MPBEJOH BOE SFTUPSBUJPO XFSF NPSF QSFWB-

    PG PTTFPJOUFHSBUJPO
     BOE UISFF JNQMBOUT

    MFOUJOUIF/PSUI"NFSJDBODFOUFST IPXFWFS

    where data were unknown or missing.

    the differences were statistically not signi-

    5BLFOUPHFUIFS BUPUBMPGJNQMBOUTFJUIFS

    cant compared to the European centers

    GBJMFEPSIBEBMBDLPGEPDVNFOUFETVSWJWBM

     PG JNQMBOUT


     GPMMPXFE CZ EFMBZFE

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    within the rst year after implant placement,

    to the success criteria were reported within

    SFTVMUJOH JO B DVNVMBUJWF TVSWJWBM SBUF PG

    the rst year after implant placement, which

     CBTFEPOJNQMBOUTBGUFSZFBS

    SFTVMUFE JO B DVNVMBUJWF TVDDFTT SBUF PG

    Few problems with the implants were

     CBTFEPOJNQMBOUTBGUFSZFBS

    OPUFEBUUIFZFBSGPMMPXVQ JODMVEJOHmWF

    8IFSF SBEJPHSBQIJD CPOF MFWFM XBT

    DBTFT PG QFSJJNQMBOUJUJT  PG JNQMBOUT


    

    FWBMVBUFE  UIFSF XBT OP DIBOHF JO DSFTUBM

    BOE POF DBTF PG SBEJPMVDFODZ 


     5IF

    CPOFMFWFMBUUIFNBKPSJUZPGJNQMBOUT 

    PWFSBMM TVDDFTT SBUF PG UIF CPOF MFWFM

    BOE  NFTJBM BOE EJTUBM


     5BCMF
    

    implants was calculated based on the suc-

    $IBOHFJOCPOFMFWFMPGHSFBUFSUIBONN

    DFTT DSJUFSJB BT QVCMJTIFE CZ #VTFS FU BM

    XBT PCTFSWFE BU MFTT UIBO  PG JNQMBOUT

    5IFSFGPSF  JG BO FWFOU TVDI BT QBJO  QFSJ

     BOE  NFTJBM BOE EJTUBM


     XIJMF

    implantitis, mobility, or radiolucency was

    CPOFHSPXUIXBTPCTFSWFEJOBSPVOEPG

    reported, they were counted as unsuccess-

    DBTFT  BOE  NFTJBM BOE EJTUBM


    

    GVM JNQMBOUT  JSSFTQFDUJWF PG XIFUIFS UIF

    %VF UP UIF OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM OBUVSF PG UIF

    FWFOUXBTUSBOTJFOUPSQFSTJTUFOU/PEJTUJOD-

    study, no radiographs were acquired for the

    UJPOJOUIFQFSTJTUFODFPGBOFWFOUXBTNBEF

    remaining implants because this was not

    EVSJOHEBUBBDRVJTJUJPO"UPUBMPGDPNQMJ-

    part of the standard procedure of the

    DBUJPOT QSPCMFNTBOEPSGBJMVSFTUIBUBQQMJFE

    SFTQFDUJWFEFOUBMQSBDUJUJPOFST

    Table 6

    Implant loading protocol: numbers of implants and percentages (in


    parentheses) according to region
    Europe

    Overall

    Immediate loading

    Loading protocol

      

      

     

    Immediate restoration

     

     

     

    Early loading

      

      

     

    $POWFOUJPOBMMPBEJOH

     

     

     

    %FMBZFEMPBEJOH

    # 

    # 

     

    6OLOPXONJTTJOH
    5PUBM

    United States/Canada

     

     

     

     

     

      

    %JGGFSFODFOPUTUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P
     EJGGFSFODFOPUTUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P 
     difference not statistiDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P
     EJGGFSFODFTUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P
     #EJGGFSFODFOPUTUBUJTUJDBMMZTJHOJmDBOU P
    

    Table 7

    Crestal bone level: the number (%) of implants with mesial and distal
    radiographic bone level changes is indicated at the 1-year follow-up
    Mesial

    Distal

    /PDIBOHF

     

     

    NN

     

     

    oNN

     

     

     

    oNN

     

    oNN

     

     

    oNN

     

     

    NN

     

     

     

     

    /PUFWBMVBUFEPSVOLOPXO

     

     

    5PUBM

     

     

    #POFHSPXUI

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    Complications

     4JODF UIF DVNVMBUJWF TVSWJWBM SBUF

    Complications were documented through-

    includes all failed or undocumented cases

    PVUUIFFOUJSFTUVEZ5IFGPMMPXJOHDPNQMJDB-

    PVU PG UIF JOJUJBM   JNQMBOUT  JU JT B DPO-

    tions

    TFSWBUJWF NFBTVSF PG UIF FGGFDUJWF TVSWJWBM

    were

    reported

    at

    second

    stage

    TVSHFSZGPSNBUJPOPGmTUVMB DBTFT
    DPN-

    SBUF *O UFSNT PG JNQMBOU TVDDFTT   DPN-

    QMJDBUJPOT XJUI SFHFOFSBUJWF QSPDFEVSFT 

    QMJDBUJPOT  QSPCMFNT  BOEPS GBJMVSFT XFSF

    DBTFT
     BOE FYDFTTJWF CPOF SFTPSQUJPO 

    reported that apply to the success criteria

    DBTF
     "U QSPWJTJPOBM SFTUPSBUJPO  DPNQMJDB-

    PG #VTFS FU BM within the rst year after

    UJPOT XJUI QSPTUIFUJDT  DBTFT


     FYDFTTJWF

    implant placement, which resulted in a

    CPOF SFTPSQUJPO  DBTFT


     DPNQMJDBUJPOT

    DVNVMBUJWF TVDDFTT SBUF PG  "T XJUI

    XJUITPGUUJTTVFNBOBHFNFOU DBTFT
    QBJO

    UIF DVNVMBUJWF TVSWJWBM SBUF  UIJT QFSDFOU-

    DBTF
    BOEJNQMBOUNPCJMJUZ DBTF
    XFSF

    BHF JT MJLFMZ UP VOEFSFTUJNBUF UIF FGGFDUJWF

    SFQPSUFE"UmOBMSFTUPSBUJPO DPNQMJDBUJPOT

    rate, because all reports from the initial

    XJUI TPGU UJTTVF NBOBHFNFOU  DBTFT


    

      JNQMBOUT XFSF DPVOUFE BOE UIFO

    DPNQMJDBUJPOT XJUI QSPTUIFUJDT  DBTFT


    

    SFMBUFE UP UIF SFNBJOJOH  JNQMBOUT

    GPSNBUJPO PG mTUVMB  DBTF


     BOE JNQMBOU

    5IFTF SBUFT XFSF DPNQBSBCMF XJUI UIPTF

    NPCJMJUZ  DBTF
     XFSF SFQPSUFE 'JOBMMZ  BU

    PCTFSWFE JO GPSNBM DPOUSPMMFE DMJOJDBM USJBMT

    UIF ZFBS GPMMPXVQ  UIF GPMMPXJOH DPNQMJ-

    XJUINPSFSFTUSJDUJWFQBUJFOUTFMFDUJPONFUI-

    cations were reported: complications with

    PET 'PS FYBNQMF  ZFBS SFTVMUT GSPN B

    QSPTUIFUJDT DBTFT
    TPGUUJTTVFJOnBNNB-

    SBOEPNJ[FE  DPOUSPMMFE DMJOJDBM TUVEZ XJUI

    UJPO  DBTFT
     SBEJPMVDFODZ  DBTF
     QBJO

     4USBVNBOO #POF -FWFM 4-"DUJWF

     DBTF
     DPNQMJDBUJPOT XJUI TPGU UJTTVF

    JNQMBOUT QMBDFE JO  QBUJFOUT XJUI FJUIFS

    NBOBHFNFOU DBTF
    BOEFYDFTTJWFCPOF

    submerged

    SFTPSQUJPO DBTF
    

    TIPXFEJNQMBOUTVSWJWBMSBUFTPGBOE

    or

    transmucosal

    healing

    GPSUIFTVCNFSHFEBOEUSBOTNVDPTBM
    HSPVQT  SFTQFDUJWFMZ 4VSWJWBM BOE TVD-

    DISCUSSION

    DFTT SBUFT PG  XFSF BMTP GPVOE JO B


    TJOHMF DPIPSU TUVEZ FWBMVBUJOH 4USBVNBOO

    5IF VTF PG EFOUBM JNQMBOUT GPS UIF SFTUPSB-

    #POF-FWFM4-"DUJWFJNQMBOUTQMBDFEJO

    tion of missing, lost, or extracted teeth has

    DPOTFDVUJWFQBUJFOUTJOTJOHMFUPPUIHBQTJO

    become a widely accepted treatment solu-

    UIFFTUIFUJD[POFBGUFSBIFBMJOHQFSJPEPG

    tion, and patient demands in terms of

    UP  XFFLT In this study, success and

    esthetics and timely restoration of function

    TVSWJWBM SFNBJOFE VODIBOHFE VQ UP 

    IBWFESBNBUJDBMMZJODSFBTFEJOSFDFOUZFBST

    years.

    $MJOJDJBOTBOEJOEVTUSZIBWFUIFSFGPSFUSJFE

    5IF QSFTFOU TUVEZ SFWFBMFE DFSUBJO EJG-

    UPEFWFMPQOFXUFDIOJRVFTBOEQSPEVDUTUP

    ferences in the surgical protocol between

    BDIJFWF UIJT  JODMVEJOH CPUI OFX TVSHJDBM

    &VSPQFBO BOE /PSUI "NFSJDBO TUVEZ DFO-

    procedures and implant designs.

    UFST &VSPQFBO DFOUFST QSFEPNJOBOUMZ

    5IF QVSQPTF PG UIJT MBSHF QSPTQFDUJWF

    FNQMPZFE MBUF JNQMBOU QMBDFNFOU 


    

    NVMUJDFOUFS OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM USJBM XBT UP

    BOEBTVCNFSHFEIFBMJOHQSPUPDPM 
    

    FWBMVBUF UIF QFSGPSNBODF PG 4USBVNBOO

    XIJMF /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST QSFEPNJ-

    #POF-FWFM4-"DUJWFJNQMBOUTJOEBJMZDMJOJ-

    nantly used either immediate or late implant

    DBM EFOUBM QSBDUJDF 5IF SFTVMUT EFNPO-

    QMBDFNFOU BOE SFTQFDUJWFMZ


    

    strated the excellent performance of these

    in combination with transmucosal healing

    implants in all indicated clinical situations.

    
     4JNJMBSMZ  MPBEJOH PG JNQMBOUT XBT

    'SPNUIF JOTFSUFEJNQMBOUT BUPUBMPG

    performed differently in the two regions.

    JNQMBOUGBJMVSFTXFSFSFQPSUFEXJUIJOUIF

    $POWFOUJPOBMMPBEJOHXBTTJHOJmDBOUMZNPSF

    mSTUZFBSPGJNQMBOUQMBDFNFOU BOETVSWJWBM

    QSFWBMFOU JO UIF &VSPQFBO DFOUFST UIBO UIF

    was not documented for three additional

    /PSUI "NFSJDBO DFOUFST  WT 


    

    JNQMBOUT 5IFSFGPSF  B UPUBM PG  JNQMBOU

    and immediate loading and restoration were

    GBJMVSFT XFSF DPOTJEFSFE #BTFE PO UIF

    TJHOJmDBOUMZ NPSF QSFWBMFOU JO UIF /PSUI

    SFNBJOJOH  JNQMBOUT UIBU DPVME CF

    "NFSJDBODFOUFST BOEWT

    BTTFTTFE BU UIF ZFBS GPMMPXVQ  UIJT

    BOE 
     )FODF  UIFSF NBZ CF UFOEFODZ

    SFTVMUFE JO B DVNVMBUJWF TVSWJWBM SBUF PG

    for European implantologists to rely on a

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    NPSF DPOWFOUJPOBM QSPDFEVSF  XIJMF /PSUI

    TMJHIUMZ NPSF UIBO  PG UIF DBTFT  TVH-

    "NFSJDBOJNQMBOUPMPHJTUTGBWPSBNPSFDPO-

    gesting

    EFOTFE QSPDFEVSF 5IF NPUJWBUJPO GPS UIF

    hygiene was a far more frequent factor for

    EJGGFSFOU QSPDFEVSFT XBT OPU FWBMVBUFE JO

    UPPUIMPTTJOUIJTTUVEZ4JNJMBSMZ UIFEJTUSJCV-

    this study and potential clinical implications

    tion of bone quality among the patients

    therefore remain unclear. Unfortunately,

    seeking implant treatment was assessed for

    due to the heterogeneity of the data as a

    UIF TJUFTXIFSFJNQMBOUTXFSFQMBDFE

    SFTVMU PG UIF OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM OBUVSF PG UIF

    5IJT SFWFBMFE UIBU UIF NBKPSJUZ PG JNQMBOUT

    TUVEZ FH  MBDL PG EFmOFE JODMVTJPOFYDMV-

    XFSF QMBDFE JO CPOF RVBMJUZ UZQF  PS 

    TJPODSJUFSJB
    JUXBTOPUQPTTJCMFUPQFSGPSN

      5BCMF
     #POF RVBMJUZ UZQF  PS 

    a differential analysis of the outcomes of the

    was rarely documented, which is in accor-

    SFTQFDUJWF TVSHJDBM QSPUPDPMT BDDPSEJOH UP

    dance with other assessments of the bone

    SFHJPO 4VDI BO BOBMZTJT XPVME SFRVJSF B

    quality distribution.5IFTFWBMVFTSFnFDUUIF

    controlled clinical trial with all other param-

    general situation in patients seeking implant

    FUFST FH  QBUJFOU EFNPHSBQIJDT  JOEJDB-

    treatment, thereby conrming that the cur-

    UJPOT
    FRVBMJ[FE BOEXBTPCWJPVTMZPVUTJEF

    SFOU OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM TUVEZ SFQSFTFOUT UIF

    the scope of the present study.

    real-world scenario of daily dental practice.

    5IF SFTVMUT PG UIF QSFTFOU TUVEZ TIPXFE

    that

    noncompliance

    with

    oral

    5IF DVSSFOU TUVEZ JT POF PG POMZ B GFX

    that the majority of implants showed no

    TVDI OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM TUVEJFT JO EFOUBM

    DIBOHF JO DSFTUBM CPOF MFWFM VQ UP  ZFBS 

    implantology. In contrast, controlled clinical

    XJUIMFTTUIBOPGJNQMBOUTTIPXJOHDSFTUBM

    USJBMT IBWF TUSJDUMZ EFmOFE QBUJFOU JODMVTJPO

    CPOFMPTTPGHSFBUFSUIBONN5IJTBQQFBST

    and exclusion criteria and are often per-

    to mirror the results from a recent clinical

    formed under highly controlled conditions,

    TUVEZ JO  QBUJFOUT XJUI 4USBVNBOO #POF

    which can increase the likelihood of more

    -FWFM JNQMBOUT JO UIF BOUFSJPS NBYJMMB BOE

    GBWPSBCMFPVUDPNFT-BSHFSUSJBMTUFOEUPCF

    mandible. 4JNJMBS DMJOJDBM PVUDPNFT XJUI

    in the form of cohort studies, which can be

    both submerged and transmucosal healing

    QSPTQFDUJWFPSSFUSPTQFDUJWF5IFTFVTVBMMZ

    and a minimal mean change in crestal bone

    JOWPMWFQBUJFOUTXIPTIBSFBDPNNPOEFO-

    MFWFM PG NN NN BOE NN

    UBM TJUVBUJPO FH  SFRVJSJOH JNQMBOUT UP

    for submerged and transmucosal implants,

    replace hopeless teeth,QBUJFOUTSFDFJWJOH

    SFTQFDUJWFMZ
     XFSF PCTFSWFE PWFS 

    a similar prosthesis,  SFRVJSJOH WFSUJDBM

    months.  .PSFPWFS  HPPE FTUIFUJD SFTVMUT

    augmentation, SFDFJWJOH TIPSU JNQMBOUT JO

    XJUIUIF4USBVNBOO#POF-FWFMJNQMBOUIBWF

    posterior jaws, periodontally compromised

    

    CFFO EFNPOTUSBUFE JO B QSPTQFDUJWF DBTF

    patients,  edentulous mandible,  and

    TFSJFT DPOEVDUFE PWFS B NPOUI QFSJPE

    sinus augmentation
     5IF BEWBOUBHF PG B

    5IFTFSFTVMUTSFNBJOFETUBCMFVQUPZFBST 

    OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM TUVEZ JT UIBU UIF QFSGPS-

    at which time the mean bone loss was

    mance of a product, technique, or treatment

    NN 5IF MJNJUFE CPOF MPTT GPS UIF

    DBO CF JOWFTUJHBUFE VOEFS DPOEJUJPOT UIBU

    4USBVNBOO #POF -FWFM JNQMBOU NBZ CF

    NJSSPS UIPTF UZQJDBMMZ TFFO JO QSJWBUF QSBD-

    related to its platform switch, which has been

    tice settings.

    corroborated by preclinical studies compar-

    One drawback of such large prospec-

    ing this design for both submerged and

    UJWFMPOHJUVEJOBMTUVEJFT IPXFWFS JTUIBUUIF

    transmucosal healing approaches. 

    patient attrition rate may be much higher

    %VF UP UIF MBSHF OVNCFS PG FOSPMMFE

    than with controlled clinical trials. Most of

    QBUJFOUTBOEJNQMBOUT UIJTOPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM

    this is due to patients being lost to follow-

    TUVEZ NBZ BMTP TFSWF BT B TVSWFZ  FH UP

    VQ FHEVFUPGBDUPSTTVDIBTQBUJFOUTNPW-

    assess potential reasons why patients lose

    ing away or changing their dentist, not

    teeth and subsequently request implant

    BUUFOEJOH TDIFEVMFE WJTJUT  OPU CFJOH DPO-

    USFBUNFOU 'SPN UIF  FOSPMMFE QBUJFOUT 

    tactable by the clinician, referrals to other

    NPSFUIBOPGUIFSFDPSEFEUPPUIMPTTFT

    DMJOJDJBOT FH  GPS QSPTUIFUJD XPSL


     PS GPS

    XFSFEVFUPQFSJPEPOUJUJTPSDBSJFT 5BCMF
    

    other reasons. In other cases, there may be

    5IFTFWBMVFTXFSFTJNJMBSUPUIFSFBTPOTGPS

    data missing despite the patient attending

    UPPUIMPTTSFQPSUFEQSFWJPVTMZ In contrast,

    GPSUIFTDIFEVMFEWJTJU EVFUPJODPOTJTUFOU

    tooth fracture or trauma was the reason for

    JODPNQMFUF EBUB FOUSZ UIJT JT LOPXO UP CF

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    more common for secondary parameters,


    as the focus is often on the primary outcome. 5IF SBUF PG BUUSJUJPO JO UIF QSFTFOU
    TUVEZ XBT KVTU PWFS  *U IBT CFFO TVHHFTUFE UIBU BUUSJUJPO PG  PS HSFBUFS NBZ
    raise concerns about the possibility of bias
    JOSBOEPNJ[FEDPOUSPMMFEUSJBMT  especially
    if there is a high rate of loss to follow-up in

    ny). The authors would also like to acknowledge Dr


    Simone Schilling (Landshut Nikola, Germany) for her
    extensive work in the documentation of cases. Clinicians
    did not receive funding for the administration of the
    study, but received a nominal payment based on the
    provision of complete documentation for each patient
    (ie, funding was on a per-case basis). With the exception
    of this, the authors report no conicts of interest associated with the organization of the study.

    BQBSUJDVMBSHSPVQPGQBUJFOUTIPXFWFS EVF
    to the large number of patients and the
    greater heterogeneity of patients and indiDBUJPOT JO B MBSHF OPOJOUFSWFOUJPOBM USJBM

    REFERENCES
    1. Koller B, Att W, Strub JR. Survival rates of teeth,

    such as this, it seems likely that the risk of

    implants, and double crown-retained removable

    bias introduced by patient attrition may be

    prostheses: a systematic literature review. Int J

    TVCTUBOUJBMMZ SFEVDFE 5IFSFGPSF  BMUIPVHI

    Prosthodont 2011;24:109117.

    NBOZWBSJBCMFTJOTVDIBTUVEZBSFOPUDPO-

    2. Tomasi C, Wennstrm JL, Berglundh T. Longevity of

    trolled, the predictability of the implant treat-

    teeth and implants: a systematic review. J Oral


    Rehabil 2008;35(Suppl 1):2332.

    ment was unlikely to be affected.

    3. Ganeles J, Wismeijer D. Early and immediately


    restored and loaded dental implants for singletooth and partial-arch applications. Int J Oral Maxil-

    CONCLUSION

    lofac Implants 2004;19(Suppl):92102.


    4. Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Brnemark PI, Jemt

    5IJT QSPTQFDUJWF  NVMUJDFOUFS  OPOJOUFSWFO-

    T. Long-term follow-up of osseointegrated implants

    UJPOBMDMJOJDBMTUVEZEFNPOTUSBUFEWFSZTVD-

    in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J

    DFTTGVM PVUDPNFT XJUI 4USBVNBOO #POF


    -FWFM 4-"DUJWF EFOUBM JNQMBOUT *O B EBJMZ

    Oral Maxillofac Implants 1990;5:347359.


    5. Krennmair G, Seemann R, Schmidinger S, Ewers R,

    dental practice situation without strict inclu-

    Piehslinger E. Clinical outcome of root-shaped den-

    sion or exclusion criteria and no contraindi-

    tal implants of various diameters: 5-year results. Int

    cated

    medical

    conditions

    or

    surgical

    QSPDFEVSFT  B DVNVMBUJWF TVSWJWBM SBUF PG


     BOE TVDDFTT SBUF PG  XFSF

    J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2010;25:357366.


    6. Mangano C, Mangano F, Shibli JA, Ricci M, Sammons RL, Figliuzzi M. Morse taper connection
    implants supporting planned maxillary and man-

    BDIJFWFECZBMBSHFOVNCFSPGJOEFQFOEFOU

    dibular bar-retained overdentures: a 5-year pro-

    EFOUBM QSBDUJUJPOFST 5IF DSFTUBM CPOF MFWFM

    spective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res

    remained unchanged for the majority of


    implants and a bone loss of greater than

    2011;22:11171124.
    7. Eckert SE, Parein A, Myshin HL, Padilla JL. Validation

    NN XBT PCTFSWFE GPS GFXFS UIBO  PG

    of dental implant systems through a review of lit-

    JNQMBOUT 5IVT  UIF SFTVMUT SFQPSUFE IFSF

    erature supplied by system manufacturers. J Pros-

    were consistent with those that had been


    reported in selected patients under more
    controlled conditions.

    thet Dent 1997;77:271279.


    8. Bhatavadekar N. Assessing the evidence supporting
    the claims of select dental implant surfaces: a systematic review. Int Dent J 2008;58:363370.
    9. Morris HF, Ochi S. Inuence of research center on
    overall survival outcomes at each phase of treat-

    ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    The authors acknowledge the support of all the clinicians involved in the organization and execution of the
    study. We also recognize the support of Kelly Jork and
    Jennifer Jackson (Straumann USA, Andover, US), Mara
    Messi, Michel Mallaun, Colin McKinnon and Martin
    Schuler (Institut Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) in the
    organization of the study and preparation of the manuscript, and Heinz Frei (International Team for Implantology [ITI], Basel, Switzerland) for valuable assistance with
    data collection. Data analysis was provided by Dr Manfred Klasser (gwd consult, Mhlheim am Main, Germa-

    ment. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:129136.


    10. Bhatavadekar N. Helping the clinician make evidence-based implant selections. A systematic
    review and qualitative analysis of dental implant
    studies over a 20 year period. Int Dent J 2010;60:
    359369.
    11. Lewis MB, Klineberg I. Prosthodontic considerations
    designed to optimize outcomes for single-tooth
    implants. A review of the literature. Aust Dent J
    2011;56:181192.
    12. Chen ST, Buser D. Clinical and esthetic outcomes of
    implants placed in postextraction sites. Int J Oral
    Maxillofac Implants 2009;24(Suppl):186217.

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    

    Q U I N T E S S E N C E I N T E R N AT I O N A L
    Fi l i p p i e t a l

    13. Stein AE, McGlumphy EA, Johnston WM, Larsen PE.

    25. Reich E, Hiller KA. Reasons for tooth extraction in

    Eects of implant design and surface roughness on

    the western states of Germany. Community Dent

    crestal bone and soft tissue levels in the esthetic

    Oral Epidemiol 1993;21:379383.

    zone. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:910919.

    26. Truhlar RS, Orenstein IH, Morris HF, Ochi S. Distribu-

    14. Hnggi MP, Hnggi DC, Schooleld JD, Meyer J,

    tion of bone quality in patients receiving endosse-

    Cochran DL, Hermann JS. Crestal bone changes

    ous dental implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg

    around titanium implants. Part I: A retrospective

    1997;55(Suppl 5):3845.

    radiographic evaluation in humans comparing two

    27. Rodrigo D, Martin C, Sanz M. Biological complica-

    non-submerged implant designs with dierent

    tions and peri-implant clinical and radiographic

    machined collar lengths. J Periodontol 2005;76:

    changes at immediately placed dental implants. A

    791802.

    prospective 5-year cohort study. Clin Oral Implants

    15. Jung RE, Jones AA, Higginbottom FL, et al. The inu-

    Res 2012;23:12241231.

    ence of non-matching implant and abutment diam-

    28. Teigen K, Jokstad A. Dental implant superstructures

    eters on radiographic crestal bone levels in dogs. J

    using cobalt-chromium alloy compared with gold

    Periodontol 2008;79:260270.

    alloy framework veneered with ceramic or acrylic

    16. Hermann JS, Cochran DL, Nummikoski PV, Buser D.


    Crestal bone changes around titanium implants. A

    resin: a retrospective cohort study up to 18 years.


    Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23:853860.

    radiographic evaluation of unloaded nonsub-

    29. Bergenblock S, Andersson B, Frst B, Jemt T. Long-

    merged implants in the canine mandible. J Peri-

    term follow-up of CeraOne single-implant restora-

    odontol 1997;68:11171130.

    tions: an 18-year follow-up study based on a

    17. Hermann JS, Schooleld JD, Schenk RK, Buser D,


    Cochran DL. Inuence of the size of the microgap

    prospective patient cohort. Clin Implant Dent Relat


    Res 2010 June 25 [Epub ahead of print].

    on crestal bone changes around titanium implants.

    30. Todisco M. Early loading of implants in vertically

    A histometric evaluation of unloaded non-sub-

    augmented bone with non-resorbable membranes

    merged implants in the canine mandible. J Peri-

    and deproteinised anorganic bovine bone. An

    odontol 2001;72:13721383.

    uncontrolled prospective cohort study. Eur J Oral

    18. Cochran DL, Bosshardt DD, Grize L, et al. Bone

    Implantol 2010;3:4758.

    response to loaded implants with non-matching

    31. Anitua E, Orive G. Short implants in maxillae and

    implant-abutment diameters in the canine mandi-

    mandibles: a retrospective study with 1 to 8 years of

    ble. J Periodontol 2009;80:609617.

    follow-up. J Periodontol 2010;81:819826.

    19. Chen S, Buser D. Implants in post-extraction sites: a

    32. Roccuzzo M, Bonino M, Aglietta M, Dalmasso P. Ten-

    literature update. In: Buser D, Wismeijer D, Belser U

    year results of a three arms prospective cohort

    (eds). ITI Treatment Guide 2008. Berlin: Quintes-

    study in periodontally compromised patients. Part

    sence Publishing, 2008:916.

    2: clinical results. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23:

    20. Cochran DL, Morton D, Weber HP. Consensus state-

    389395.

    ments and recommended clinical procedures

    33. Levin L, Ofec R, Grossmann Y, Anner R. Periodontal

    regarding loading protocols for endosseous dental

    disease as a risk for dental implant failure over time:

    implants.

    Implants

    a long-term historical cohort study. J Clin Periodon-

    21. Buser D, Weber HP, Lang NP. Tissue integration of

    34. Lethaus B, Klber J, Petrin G, Brandsttter A, Wein-

    non-submerged implants. 1-year results of a pro-

    gart D. Early loading of sandblasted and acid-

    spective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and

    etched titanium implants in the edentulous

    hollow-screw implants. Clin Oral Implants Res

    mandible: a prospective 5-year study. Int J Oral

    Int

    Oral

    Maxillofac

    2004;19(Suppl):109113.

    tol 2011;38:732737.

    1990;1:3340.

    Maxillofac Implants 2011;26:887892.

    22. Hmmerle CH, Jung RE, Sanz M, et al. Submerged

    35. Malo P, de Arajo Nobre M, Lopes A, Moss SM,

    and transmucosal healing yield the same clinical

    Molina GJ. A longitudinal study of the survival of

    outcomes with two-piece implants in the anterior

    All-on-4 implants in the mandible with up to 10

    maxilla and mandible: interim 1-year results of a

    years of follow-up. J Am Dent Assoc 2011;142:

    randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral


    Implants Res 2012;23:211219.

    310320.
    36. Barone A, Orlando B, Tonelli P, Covani U. Survival

    23. Buser D, Halbritter S, Hart C, et al. Early implant

    rate for implants placed in the posterior maxilla

    placement with simultaneous guided bone regen-

    with and without sinus augmentation: a compara-

    eration following single-tooth extraction in the


    esthetic zone: 12-month results of a prospective
    study with 20 consecutive patients. J Periodontol
    2009;80:152162.

    tive cohort study. J Periodontol 2011;82:219226.


    37. Booker CL, Harding S, Benzeval M. A systematic
    review of the eect of retention models in population-based cohort studies. BMC Public Health

    24. Buser D, Wittneben J, Bornstein MM, Grtter L,


    Chappuis V, Belser UC. Stability of contour augmentation and esthetic outcomes of implant-supported
    single crowns in the esthetic zone: 3-year results of

    2011;11:249.
    38. Dumville JC, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE. Reporting
    attrition in randomised controlled trials. Br Med J
    2006;332:969971.

    a prospective study with early implant placement


    postextraction. J Periodontol 2011;82:342349.

    

    VOLUME 44t/6.#&37t+6-:"6(6452013

    Anda mungkin juga menyukai