NUR AMALINA ADDINI

20128100620

STRUCTURE 1
(Dra. Veronica Oslan, M.M)
Content :
Present
Present Simple
Present Continous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continous

PRESENT

Present Simple

A.

To explain about daily activity, habits, and general truth.

Pattern / Formula :
Subject + Verb (s/es) +Object +
Adverb

helping words : DO and DOES

Negative :

S + do / does + not + V(s/es) + O +

Interogative :
Do/does + S + V(s/es) + O + Adv ?
Yes/No Question
5W1H + do/does + S + V(s/es) + O +
WH Question
I
You
We
They

He
She
It

Do
Verb 1

Time Signal
Always
Never
usually
as a
rule
Generall frequen
y
tly
Often
nowada
ys
Someti
habitual
mes
ly
seldom
every

Does
Verb +
s/es

Example :
1. Positive
She lives in a small house in front of

my house.
Alya always studies mathematics every night.
The average person breathes 21.600 times a day.
2. Negative
She doesnt want to spill any of the acid.
I dont own an umbrella.
He doesnt ask me about surprise party for Neville.
3. Interogative
Do you always lock the door to your apartment when you leave?
What do you think about the plan?
Does she know the man that wear a brown jacket?

B.

Present Continous
To explain about what happening right now.
Pattern / Formula :
Subject + to be + Verb + ing + Object +
Adverb

I
= am
You
We
are
They

He
She
It

is

Negative :

S + to be + not + V(ing) + O + Adv

Interogative :
To be + S + V(ing) + O + Adv?
Yes/No Question
5W1H + to be + S + V(ing) + O +
WH Question
Time Signal

now
right now
at present
at this moment
today
still
Example :
1. Positive
Neville is helping an old woman cross the street.
Mr. and Mrs. Granger are going to Australia on this summer
vacation.
Harry, Ron and Hermione are studying their homework at Rons
house.
2. Negative
Mr. Flitch is not teaching us this afternoon.
The wind isnt as strong.
She isnt having any fun right now.
3. Interogative
Are you kidding me?
What are you doing in my room?
Where are you living now?

C.

Present Perfect
Is a sentence to explain the last activities but we get the result, or
telling about our experiences (something already done).
Pattern / Formula :

I
You
We
They

Subject + have/has + past participle (V3) + O

+ Adv

He
She
It

have

Negative :

S + have/has + not + V3 + O + Adv

Interogative :
Yes/No Question

already
since
for

just
never / ever
recently / lately

has

Have/has + S + V3 + O + Adv?
5W1H + have/has + S + O +
Adv?
WH
Question

so far
as yet
up to the present
time

Time Signal

Example :
1. Positive
Luna and Joe have gone to Turkey.
Draco has started a new job
Parvati has improved her English.
2. Negative
I havent finished my homework.
He hasnt yet told me.
I havent seen her before.
3. Interogative.
What the most beautiful place have you ever visited?
Have you driven a car before?
Have you seen this showcase?

D.

Present Perfect Continous

Is a sentence to explain the activities in progress, still happenng until

now.
Patter / Formula :
Subject + have/has + been + V (ing) + O +
Adv

Negative :

S + have/has + not + been + V(ing) + O

Interogative :
Have/has + S + been + V(ing) + O +
Yes/No Question
5W1H + have/has + S + been + V(ing) +
WH Question

Time Signal
Until now
So far
recently
lately
for
before
Example :
1. Positive
He has been reading for two hours.
They have been traveling for three months.
I have been learning since October.
2. Negative
She has not been playing tennis before.
He has not been making a film.
They have not been winning the national championship.
3. Interogative
Have you been writing a book?
How long have you been teaching?
How long have you been waiting for me?

PAST
A.

PAST
SIMPLE
Is explain about last activities.
Pattern / Formula :
Subject + V2 + Object + Adverb

Helping word : DID

If the sentence not using verb but using adjective, we must to add to
be (was/were)
I
You
He
They were
was
She
We
It
Negative :
Interogative :
Yes/No Question
WH Question

S + didnt + V1 + O + Adv
Did + S + V1 + O + Adv?
5W1H + did + S + V1 + O + Adv?

Time Signal
yesterday
ago
last
the day before
when ...
Example :
1. Positive
Hannah spent a lot of money yesterday.
She was tired when she got home.
I went to bed early.
2. Negative
He didnt eat anything.
I didnt have time to phone you.
She wasnt at home.
3. Interogative
Did you go alone?
Was the food good?
What did you do in the evening?

B.

PAST CONTINOUS

It explain about was happening in last activities.

Pattern / Formula :
Subject + was/sere + V(ing) + O + Adv

Negative :

S + was/were + not + V(ing) + O + Adv

Interogative :
Was/were + S + V(ing) + O + Adv?
Yes/No Question
5W1H + was/were + S + V(ing) + O +
WH Question

Time Signal
.while.
.when.
All day yesterday
The whole day
yesterday
At oclock
yesterday
Example :
1. Positive
I was studying English yesterday evening.
I was reading a Harry Potter novel when the doorbell rang.
We had a chat while we were waiting our flights.
2. Negative
I wasnt studying mathematics yesterday evening.
I wasnt writing a book when the doorbell rang.
We werent waiting our flights yesterday.
3. Interogative
What were you doing in this time yesterday?
How long were you waiting for me last night?
Was she wearing my new high heels at the party last night?

C.

PAST PERFECT

untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah selesai sebelum suatu

perbuatan
lain terjadi.
Pattern / Formula :
Subject + had + past participle (V3) + O + Adv

Negative :
Interogative :
Yes/No Question
WH Question

S + had + not + V3 + O + Adv

Had + S + V3 + O + Adv?
5W1H + had + S + V3 + O + Adv?

2.

D.

Example :
1. Positive
She had arranged to do something else.
The film had already begun.
He had gone out.
Negative
I had not seen you for five years.
It had not shanged a lot.
He had not written a letter.
3. Interogative
Had you ever seen him?
What book had you read?
What had you learned?

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

Pattern / Formula :
Subject + had + been + V(ing) + O + Adv

Negative :

S + had + not + been + V(ing) + O +

Interogative :
Had + S + been + V(ing) + O + Adv?
Yes/No Question
5W1H + had + S + been + V(ing) + O +
WH Question
1.

2.

Example :
Positive
She had been dreaming.
He had been watching a TV.
Somebody had been smoking in the room.
Negative
They had not been running.
We had not been playing a tennis.
I had not been walking so fast.
3. Interogative
Had you been going to the party?
What had you been doing at Harrys house?
Had you been playing a football?