Endocrine disease

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Endocrine disease

Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary
gland 3.Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6.Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes

Classification and external resources

ICD-10

E00-E35

ICD-9

240-259

MeSH

D004700

Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with
endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.
Contents
[hide]

1 Types of endocrine disease

2 List of endocrine diseases

o

2.1 Adrenal disorders

2.2 Glucose homeostasis disorders

2.3 Thyroid disorders

2.4 Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease

2.5 Pituitary gland disorders

2.5.1 Posterior pituitary

2.5.2 Anterior pituitary

2.6 Sex hormone disorders

2.7 Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

2.8 See also separate organs

3 Endocrine emergencies

4 See also

5 References

6 External links

Types of endocrine disease[edit]

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:

[1]

1. Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)

2. Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
3. Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands
Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and
hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For
example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low
level of thyroid stimulating hormone.
[2]

List of endocrine diseases[edit]

Adrenal disorders[edit]

Adrenal insufficiency

Addison's disease

Mineralocorticoid deficiency

Diabetes

Adrenal hormone excess

Conn's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA)

Pheochromocytoma

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome)

Adrenocortical carcinoma

Glucose homeostasis disorders[edit]

Diabetes mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young

Hypoglycemia

Idiopathic hypoglycemia

Insulinoma

Glucagonoma

Thyroid disorders[edit]

Goiter

Hyperthyroidism

Graves-Basedow disease

Toxic multinodular goitre

Hypothyroidism

Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid hormone resistance

Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease [edit]

Parathyroid gland disorders

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Osteoporosis

Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)

Rickets and osteomalacia

Pituitary gland disorders[edit]

Posterior pituitary[edit]

Diabetes insipidus

Anterior pituitary[edit]

Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)

Pituitary tumors

Pituitary adenomas

Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)

Acromegaly, gigantism

Cushing's disease

Sex hormone disorders[edit]

Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders

Hermaphroditism

Gonadal dysgenesis

Androgen insensitivity syndromes

Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)

Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders

Kallmann syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Acquired disorders

Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)

Testicular failure

Disorders of Puberty

Delayed puberty

Precocious puberty

Menstrual function or fertility disorders

Amenorrhea

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere[edit]

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

MEN type 1

MEN type 2a

MEN type 2b
Carcinoid syndrome

See also separate organs[edit]

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes

Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands

Endocrine emergencies[edit]
In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical
insufficiency,phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema
coma and pituitary apoplexy.
[3]

Emergencies arising from decompensated pheochromocytomas or parathyroid adenomas are

sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the
patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the
possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively
catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization). It remains
debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after
continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and moreefficient medications
and protocols.
[4][5]

[6][7][8]