ImplementationofPhaseLockedLooponTMSC320C6731

DSPStarterKit
ABSTRACT
The Phase Locked Loop is one of the important component of many electronic devices .it can
also be use a frequency synthesizer A PLL is composed of both digital and analog components
It is a technique which has contributed significantly toward the technology advancement in
communication and for feedback control sytems. PLL is a device which causes one signal to track
another one. It keeps an output signal synchronizing with a reference input signal in frequency as well
as in phase. More precisely, the PLL controls the phase of its output signal in such a way that

the phase error between output phase and reference phase reduces to a minimum .

Introduction
The TMS320C31 DSK starter kit has the capability of real-time signal processing operations, the
most important of which is digital filtering. Filtering is one of the most widely used application
in Communication Engineering. Some of the practical applications of filtering are listed below:

Demodulation of AM and FM signals: Low pass filtering is utilized to filter out the baseband
audio or video signal from the carried modulated signal.

Stereo generation: In stereo systems, the basic audio signal is separated into low frequency
and high frequency components using filter banks, amplified, and then synthesized to
generate the stereo signal

Filtering of noise: Communications signals such as audio and video signals are corrupted
with various sources of noise during propagation through the communication system. Filters
are very useful in removal of noise from signals, if the approximate frequency spectrum of
noise can be predicted.

Digital Filter Implementation using the TMS320C31 DSK

Real-time digital filters can be implemented in three steps:
1. Given a desired analog frequency response, Hd(jW), convert to the corresponding digital
frequency Hd(ejw), using the transformation w = WT, where T (sec.) is the sampling interval.
Note that T = 1/fs, where fs is the sampling frequency (Hz). The default sampling rate in the
DSK is 10 KHz.

2. Obtain the desired Nth order FIR digital filter coefficients h(n), 0 n N using MATLAB. The
various MATLAB commands for Digital Filter Design are given in the filter handout.
Examples of commands are fir1, fir2, Remez in which the appropriate windowing function
should also be specified.
3. Once the required filter coefficients, h(n), 0 n N, are obtained, these coefficients should be
entered as data into the DSK assembly file, firall.asm, which is located in the directory
C:\dsktools. The program firall.asm should be assembled using the command:
>> dsk3a firall.asm
The program firall.asm can now be run, and the designed digital filter will now be
implemented.
Setting up the DSP Starter Kit
1. Connect the DB25 cable from the parallel printer port of the DSK board to the IBM
compatible PC.
2. Connect the power input of the DSK board to the 7.5-9 V DC adapter. The light on the LED
should glow red.
3. Open the directory C:\dsktools on the PC and check if all the required software programs are
loaded.
4. To invoke the debugger, type:
C:\DSKTOOLS: DSK3D
If the debugger is properly installed, the light on the LED will change colors from red to green.
The DSK board is now ready for running real-time DSP experiments
Experiment 1. Filtering of mixed sinusoidal signals of different frequency
1. Generate a mixed signal (using a BNC TEE junction) consisting of two sinusoidal signals of
frequency 2 KHz and 4 KHz (Note that this step will require two HP 3324A signal

generators). Verify the mixed output signal on both the oscilloscope and the spectrum
analyzer.
2. Implement the DSK as a bandpass filter centered at 2 KHz, and a bandwidth of 0.2 Khz.,
using the three-step procedure outlined in the previous section. Implement using at least two
of the methods given in the filter handout, such as fir1, fir2 and Remez. Verify the filtered
output on both the oscilloscope and HP 35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer.
3. Repeat the procedure in the section 2 above and implement a bandpass filter centered at 4
KHz, and a bandwidth of 0.2 KHz. Verify the filtered output on both the oscilloscope and HP
35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer.
Experiment 2. Filtering of sinusoidal signals mixed with random noise
Communication systems face the common problem of noise. As shown in the figure below, the
simplest form of noise is additive noise n(t), which adds on to the transmitted signal s(t). Several
methods have been developed to tackle the problem of noise removal from the corrupted signal
y(t) = s(t) + n(t). The commonly used methods include autocorrelation, and filtering.
Signal s(t)

Noisy signal y(t)

Noise n(t) n(tn

1. Generate a sinusoidal signal, s(t), of Signal
amplitude
2 Volts , and frequency of 3 KHz, using the
s(t)
HP 3324A Signal Generator. Check the output of the generator on the oscilloscope HP
35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer.
2. Generate a random noise signal, n(t), using the HP 35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer. Set the
noise level at 0.05 volt rms. Check the output of the generator on the oscilloscope.
3. Combine the signal s(t), and the noise n(t), and check the noisy output on the oscilloscope
and HP 35665A Dynamic Signal Analyzer.
In this experiment, two types of noise-removal filters will be designed, and tested.

Digital bandpass filter

Design a digital bandpass filter with a center frequency of 3 KHz, and suitable bandwidth to
filter out the sinusoidal signal s(t) from the noisy signal y(t). Implement the bandpass filter on
the DSK (using the procedure outlined in previous section), and verify the output of the filter.
Digital lowpass filter
Design a digital lowpass filter with cutoff frequency of 4 KHz, to filter out the sinusoidal signal
s(t) from the noisy signal y(t). Implement the lowpass filter on the DSK (using the procedure
outlined in the previous section), and verify the output of the filter.
4. Repeat experiment 2 for a noise level of 0.1 volt rms, and the same signal level of 2 Volts.