Welcome!

ECE357H1S: Electromagnetic
Fields
Lecture Section L01
Prof. Sean Victor Hum

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Welcome
Course website via Blackboard
http://portal.utoronto.ca
Important information distributed through
Blackboard
Notes, problem sets, announcements,

Please login and familiarize yourself with the site

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Contact Information
Prof. Sean Victor Hum
BA5122
sean.hum@utoronto.ca
Office hours:
Thursdays 3-4pm
Anytime by appointment

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Textbook / References
Required
D. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed.,
Addison-Wesley, 1989

Recommended
1. K. R. Demarest, Engineering Electromagnetics,
Prentice-Hall, 1997
2. Simon Ramo, John R. Whinnery, and Theodore Van
Duzer, Fields and Waves in Communication
Electronics, 3rd Ed.
3. E.M Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism, Vol. II, 2nd
Ed., (Berkeley Physics Series)
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Course Grading
Term Test 1

15%

Term Test 2

15%

Quizzes
(approx. bi-weekly, 5 total)

10%

Laboratory Work
(bi-weekly, 3 experiments)

15%

Final exam

35%

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Lectures
Material follows course notes but expect
variations in depth (i.e. keep good notes!)
I will run frequent surveys after lectures to
determine which concepts are causing the
most difficulty (muddiest concepts)
Please participate!
This will help me tailor lecture and Blackboard
materials to help you the most
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Tutorials / Assignments
Weekly tutorials (1 hour tutorial format)
Tutorials will cover previous and present
week of material
Weekly problem sets, not marked
Issued Mondays
Solutions covered in tutorials, online

Quizzes held at conclusion of tutorial (last

10 minutes)
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Laboratories
3 laboratories, bi-weekly
Starting in February

Experiment 1: Design of a double-stub matching

network
Experiment 2: Waves on transmission lines
Experiment 3: Standing waves and waveguides
Laboratory reports
Completed individually and independently
Due two weeks later at 16:00 in collection boxes (Box
35, 4th floor Bahen building)
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Midterms
Scheduled outside lecture time, TBD
Cover to the beginning of the course, but
with emphasis on un-tested material.
One double-sided 8.5x11 aid sheet
allowed (same for final exam)

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Why Study Fields and Waves?

All of our electronics, radio/microwave,
photonic/optical, and X-ray devices rely on
properties of electric and magnetic fields
EM theory applies to all electromagnetic
fields, regardless of frequency

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Circuit Theory vs. EM Field Theory

When the size of a
structure is much smaller
than a wavelength, there
is negligible variation in
the electric/magnetic
fields (voltages/currents)
across the structure
Can apply circuit theory
(KCL, KVL, )

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Circuit Theory vs. EM Field Theory

As the structure gets large / wavelength gets
small, such that this is no longer true, circuit
theory is no longer applicable
Need EM theory to analyze the system

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

EM Field Quantities

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Maxwells Equations
EM theory is completely characterized by 4
major vector equations:
Constitutive relations (simple
media):

Before delving to deeply into these, we will start

with transmission lines which are closer to
circuits
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

What you will learn in ECE320

Transmission line theory

Fundamental electromagnetics theory
Unguided waves in space: plane waves
Guided waves and waveguides

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Transmission Line Theory

Transmission lines are
used in countless ways in
modern society
Communications
Electronic circuits /
computers
Power distribution
Photonics

TL theory becoming
increasingly relevant in
modern circuit design as
clock frequencies
continue to climb
Signal integrity
engineering
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Transmission Line Theory

You will learn:
Voltage and current
waves on a
transmission line
Transient and
harmonic behaviour of
transmission lines
Use of the Smith Chart
How to design
transmission line
matching circuits
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Fundamental EM Theory
You will learn:
Maxwells equations
Boundary conditions
Helmholtz equation

Theoretical building
blocks for studying
guided/unguided EM
waves
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Unguided Waves
Examples:
Radio waves broadcast
from an antenna
Light radiation from a laser
X-rays

Plane waves are simple

approximations of waves
in real life that can be
used to study the
propagation of
electromagnetic fields in
free space
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Unguided Waves
You will learn:
Plane waves and propagation characteristics
Transmission and reflection at a variety of
media interfaces
Analogies with transmission lines

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Guided Waves
More advanced analysis
of various transmission
lines and modes for
guiding EM waves
Specific examples:

Rectangular waveguide
Parallel plate waveguide
Planar transmission line
Dielectric-based
transmission lines (e.g.
fibre optics)

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Transmission Lines

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Examples of Transmission Lines

24

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Transmission Line Example

Consider a modern PC motherboard:

The bus line is a two-conductor transmission line

Let us connect a source (e.g. clock oscillator) to the line and terminate
the line in a resistive load
We will now vary the frequency of the source to change the wavelength
ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

Transmission Line Voltage

Observations

Lets observe the voltage at many points along the line (relative to the
ground plane) and observe the behaviour as a function of time

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum

A Question to Ponder
What kind of equivalent circuit allows the
effect of the source to be delayed the way
we have seen in the demonstration?

ECE357 / Prof. S. V. Hum