Paper XVIII

INDIAN ECONOMY- PERFORMANCE AND POLICIES

Section 1: Basic Issues in Economic Development
Developed and Underdeveloped Economies
1. What are the features of an Underdeveloped Economy? How far is India still characterized by
them? [8,7] (2009)
2. Discuss the salient features of India as underdeveloped but developing economy. (2006)

Economic Growth and Development, Human Development

1. Economic Growth is the means to achieve the end which is the improvement in the quality of
life of Human Beings." Comment. What other factor/ conditions are required besides
economic growth for achieving an improved quality of life? [7,8] (2010)
2. Explain the concept of Human Development as distinguished from Economic Development.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)? Comment on India's HDI. [15] (2009)
3. Distinguish between economic growth and economic development. Non economic factors are
as much important in economic development as economic factors'. Comment.(2008) [6,9]
4. "Growth is necessary but not sufficient condition for development." Explain what are the
factors affecing economic developments of a country? (2007)

Sustainable Development
1.

What is meant by sustainable development? What measures should a country like India take
to protect its environment? (2008) [4,5]

Section 2: Indian Economy at Independence

1. Indian economy on the eve of independence showed all signs of an underdeveloped
economy." Explain with the help of basic statistics such as GNP per capita, poverty, life
expectancy, literacy etc. [15] (2010)

Section 3: Policy regimes

Development Strategy, Five year Plans
1.

What is meant by Economic Reforms in India? Outline the various reform measures undertaken in India
since the 1990s. [15] (2009)

2.

Explain and evaluate reform measures which India has taken for structural adjustment since
1991. (2007)
Growth, equity and sustainability are the main objectives of Tenth Five Year Plan. Discuss.
(2006)
What do you mean by Globalisation ? Discuss the issues arising out of W.T.O. negotiations.
(2005)

3.
4.

Section 4: Growth, Development and Structural Change

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Economic Growth and Regional Development

1. Write short note on regional imbalance in economic development in India. [6] (2010)
2. Describe trends in inter-regional disparities in growth and development. What are their
implications? [15] (2009)

Structural Changes in Indian Economy

1. Write short note on Structural changes in Indian economy since Independence. [9] (2010)
2. Discuss the changes in sectoral composition of G.D.P. '[8] (2008)
3. Analysis briefly the changes in the sectoral composition national income. Do these changes
reflect economic growth? (2007)

Land Reforms
1. Briefly describe the Land Reforms in India. Discuss why the New Agricultural Strategy was
necessary. [8,7] (2009)
2.

Discuss reasons for slow progress of Land Reforms. [7] (2008)

Changed Policy Perspective

1. Write an essay on the growth performance of India's economy under different policy regimes
since 1951. [15] (2010)
2. Explain and evaluate the reform measures which India has taken for structural adjustment
since 1991. (2008)
3. Explain the measures of Economic Reforms undertaken in India since 1991. (2006)

Employment and Unemployment

1. Suggest measures to reduce unemployment. [8] (2010)
2. Explain nature and extent of urban unemployment. What factors do you attribute to rural
unemployment in India? (2007)
3. Write short notes on :
a. Problems of Unemployment and Poverty in India (2005)

Poverty in India
1. "Population growth is not a cause but a resuIt 0f poverty. Do you agree? Explain in the light of
India's experience in this regard. [15] (2010)
2. Suggest measures to reduce poverty. [7] (2010)
3.

4.
5.
6.

Discuss:
a. Poverty Line in India [7] (2009)
Poverty and unemployment are closely related. Comment . Discuss the poverty alleviation
programmes which address the issue of employment generation. [6,9] (2008)

Explain the causes of poverty in India. What measures have been taken by the government to
reduce poverty?(2007)
Write short notes on:
a. Sustainable Development (2005)

Population
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1. Explain the reasons why Birth Rate still continues to be high in India while there has been a
relative decline in Death Rate. Critically examine the measures taken to control the rate of
growth of population. [15] (2009)
2. The relationship between population and economic development is a two sided relationship.'
Explain the statement in the light of India's experience since 1951. (2008)
3. The relationship between population and economic development is two sided relationship."
Explain this statement in the light of India's experience since 1951. (2006)
4. What is the meaning of Population Explosion? Discuss the main causes of rapid growth of
Population in India and what measures have been taken by the Government of India to
control the population growth in India. (2005)

Section 5: Sectoral Trends and Changes

Indian Agriculture
1. Write short notes on:
a. Major factors responsible for deceleration of growth in agriculture production in the
last 15 years. [8] (2010)
2. Bring out the factors responsible for low productivity in Indian agriculture. Examine the role of
technology in this regard.(2007)
3. What steps do you suggest for increasing agricultural production and productivity in India?
(2006)

Green Revolution
1.

Examine the trends in agricultural production and productivity during the Green Revolution and postreform period. What has been the impact of Green Revolution on regional imbalances? [9,6] (2008)

Agricultural Price Policy and Food Security

1. Write short note on role of agricultural price policy in food security. [7] (2010)
2. Discuss Public Distribution System in India. [8] (2009)
3. Explain and critically review the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) of the
Government of India. (2007)

Industrial Growth
1. Do you agree with the view that the impact of reforms on industrial growth not been
spectacular? Provide reasons in support of your answer. [15] (2008)
2. Discuss the trends in Industrial growth during the post reform period. What are the reasons
for the satisfactory performance of the Industrial Sector during this period? (2007)

Public Sector
1. Discuss the performance of public sector enterprises in India. How has liberalization affected
this performance? [15] (2009)
2.

Discuss the problems of Public Sector Enterprises. [8] (2008)

Small Scale sector

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1. Explain briefly the importance of small scale industries India.(2008) [6]

2. Discuss the role of Small-scale industries in Indian economy. Briefly explain the Government
Policy in-their development. (2006)
3. What is the importance of Small-scale and Cottage industries in Indian Economy? Discuss
various measures that have been taken by the Government of India to encourage the
development of Small-scale and Cottage industries. (2005)

Service Sector, Financial Sector

1. Write short notes on:
a. Role, performance and growth of the services sector in India. [9] (2010)
2. Q. Write a note on major concerns for the Indian financial sector in the light of the global
financial crisis. [6] (2010)

Foreign Capital; Foreign Trade

1. Write short notes on:
a. Role played by the external sector on 'India's economic development. [7] (2010)
2. Discuss Foreign Direct Investment in India after 1991. [8] (2006)
3. Discuss change in the composition of Foreign Trade since 1991. [7] (2008)
4. Examine the progress of India's Foreign Trade since 1991. Do you think liberalisation
measures adopted by the Government of India have a good impact on Foreign Trade Sector
in India? (2005)

Balance of Payments
1.
2.
3.

Describe the trends in India's Balance of Payments since 1990-91. Discuss any two indicators of the
External Sector. [8,7] (2009)
'The position of balance of payments has been satisfactory since 1991'. Highlight the role played by
'Invisibles' and 'Foreign Investment' in this regard. [15] (2008)

Throw light on the major developments of India's balance of payment position in recent years.
Suggest measures to reduce the deficit in India's balance of payment. (2006)

Trade Policy
1. What are the main features of new Trade Policy announced in the period since 1991? Present
a critical appraisal of this Policy. (2007)

India and WTO

1. Write a note on impact of WTO on India's agriculture sector. [8] (2010)
2. Discuss India and the WTO. [7] (2009)
3. Write a note on impact Trade Organization (WTO) agreements on Indian Economy. (2006)

Misc.
Q. Suggest a suitable Reform Agenda for Indian agriculture.
Q. What factors were responsible for the economic crisis of early 1990's?

(2005)
(2007)

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Q. Examine the challenges and outlook for the industrial sector in India. What policy measures would
you suggest for this sector so that it may help in resolving the critical problems of poverty and
unemployment in our country.[15]
(2010)

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