Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische

Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

POB 51 80
D-65726 Eschborn
Telefon +49 (0) 6196 79-1357
Telefax +49 (0) 6196 79-7194
E-Mail: Manfred.Breithaupt@gtz.de
http://www.gtz.de

GTZ Sustainable urban

transport
Karlsruhe, June 16, 2005
Manfred Breithaupt, GTZ

Some current trends in Cities

Trends

Some effects

Rapidly increasing car

ownership and use
Declining mode share of
public transport, walking,
and cycling
Even short trips < 3km
increasingly done by motor
vehicles
Lagging application of clean
fuels & technologies, and Air
Quality Management
Declining city centres; rapid
decentralisation into caroriented suburban sprawl

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 2

Worsening air pollution & noise

Poor and deteriorating road
safety
Greater congestion
Deteriorating operating
conditions (congestion,
dispersion) for public transport
Pedestrians and cyclist
increasingly marginalised by
private motor vehicles
Adverse effects on economic
efficiency; investment
attractiveness
Less liveable cities

Motorisation

Motor.
Motor.2-wheelers
Zweirder

Mill. vehicles

Comm. vehic.
Nutzfahrzeuge

Rapid motorisation in developing cities from NMT to 2 and 3wheelers and to private vehicles.
From 1995 to 2020 vehicle ownership is expected to grow by
75% to over 1.3 billion vehicles (OECD estimate).
Bicycle production and use stagnate in DC except China and
selected cities (e.g. Bogot).

source: Bertels/Walsh, 2000

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 3

Indiv.
vehic. Kfz
Individuelle

Fuel consumption
Annual growth in petrol
consumption is 1% in the OECD
and 6% in Asia & Latin America.
Asia's CO2 emissions grew from
9.5% of global emissions in 1971
to 23% in 1997.
Transport is responsible for over
25% of global CO2 emissions;
and this share is growing!

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 4

Sustainable urban transport:

The idea and principles
#1: Access The City should be designed for people, not cars. It should be at least
as convenient to live in a city without a personal motor vehicle as with one.

#2: Equity Highest priority should go to public transport, walking and nonmotorised vehicles that are accessible to almost everyone and have low impacts.

#3: Pollution prevention

#4: Health and safety
#5: Public participation and transparency It is important that the public be
given adequateand appropriate support and information about alternatives.

#6: Integrated planning

#7: Economy and low cost Users of cars and motorcyles should be charged for
the full economic,environmental and social costs of their transportation.

Integrated approach within a comprehensive policy framework:

Public transport; Non-motorised transport; Technical measures; Application of
fiscal instruments; Institutional reform and public participation.

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 5

Approaches in developing cities

Focus on measures open to rapid

implementation by the local
govt., with limited reliance on
foreign help.Win-win
measures provide incentives for
implementation
Least cost principle considering
how to maximise mobility at the
lowest cost, including demand
management options
Work with a range of
stakeholders & partners

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 6

Find the key interested

stakeholders and work with
them. With a modest financial
outlay it is possible to generate
awareness
Work with the city level:
Government, NGOs,
universities, civil society,
Cooperate with other
organisations, national,
international levels
Consultative workshops,
seminars, focus groups,
meetings
Public awareness campaigns

Approaches in developing cities

Following this approach, GTZ concentrates mainly on the

following areas of intervention:
Policy Guidelines, Implementation Strategy
Transport Demand Management
Economic Instruments / Fiscal Instruments
Public Transport
Non-Motorised Transport
Public Awareness Rising

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 7

Material for Sustainable Transport

Sourcebook
print
online version
PDF
Powerpoint presentations

Training material
print
online version
PDF
Powerpoint presentations

Training course material

Photo CD

Videos

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 8

Urban Transport Sourcebook:

modules & contributors (1)
Institutional & policy
orientation
The Role of Transport in
Urban Development Policy
(Enrique Penalosa)
Urban Transport Institutions
(Richard Meakin)
Private Sector Participation
in Urban Transport
Infrastructure Provision
(Chris Zegras, MIT)
Economic Instruments
(Manfred Breithaupt, GTZ)
Raising Public Awareness
about Urban Transport (Karl
Fjellstrom, GTZ)
GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Land use planning & demand

management

Land Use Planning for Urban

Transport (Rudolf Petersen, Wuppertal
Institute)

Mobility Management (Todd Litman,

VTPI)

Transit, walking and cycling

Mass Transit Options (Lloyd Wright,

ITDP; Karl Fjellstrom, GTZ)

Bus Rapid Transit (Lloyd Wright)

Bus Regulation & Planning (Richard

Meakin)

Preserving and Expanding the Role of

Non-motorised Transport (Walter
Hook, ITDP)
Slide 9

Urban Transport Sourcebook:

modules & contributors (2)
Vehicles and fuels

Environmental and health impacts

Cleaner Fuels and Vehicle

Technologies (Michael Walsh;
Reinhard Kolke, UBA)

Air Quality Management (Dietrich

Schwela, World Health
Organisation)

Inspection & Maintenance and

Roadworthiness (Reinhard
Kolke)

Urban Road Safety (David

Silcock, GRSP; Jacqueline
Lacroix, DVR)

Two- and Three-Wheelers

(Jitendra Shah, World Bank;
N.V. Iyer, Bajaj Auto

Noise and its Abatement (Civic

Exchange Hong Kong; GTZ; UBA)

Natural Gas Vehicles (MVV

InnoTec)

Resources
Resources for Policy-makers

Intelligent Transport Systems

(Phil Sayeg) New module
GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 10

The following new modules

are under development:
EcoDriving
Financing of Urban Transport
Infrastructure
Benchmarking in Urban Transport
Car Free Development
GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 11

BRT Planning Guide

GTZs Sustainable Urban
Transport Project
www.sutp.org
www.brtchina.org
transport@gtz.de

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 12

Complete training packages available (including

annex CD-ROMs with supporting documentation)

Module 3a and 3b: Mass Transit Options and Bus Rapid Transit
Module 3c: Bus Regulation and Planning Bus Sector Reform
Module 3d: Preserving and Expanding the Role of Non-Motorised
Transport

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 13

Sustainable Urban Transport Project www.sutp.org

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 14

Translation of the Sourcebook into other

languages

x
x

Spanish (complete translation)

Chinese (complete translation, a print

version will be available in 08/2005)

Romanian

Vietnamese

Thai

French

Bahasa Indonesia

Korean

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 15

Modules available in Chinese

Mass Transit Options
Bus Rapid Transit
Mobility Management
See www.sutp.org,
translations available for
download

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 16

Clean Air in Cities

Facts. An underestimated issue.

Ambient air quality in many OECD cities is

improving, in many rapidly developing cities
it is severely deteriorating
1,4 billion people suffer from air pollution
exceeding WHO recommendations.
Particulate Matter causes approx. 7-10%
of cardiovascular diseases.
Worldwide 3 million people p.a. prematurely
die as a consequence of air pollution.
Urban air pollution is a major cause for
urban sprawl.
Lagging application of clean fuels &
technologies, and Air Quality Management
Leading causes of death in DC, 1990
source: WHO

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

source: Swisscontact, 2002

Slide 18

GTZ solutions. Integrated AQM.

Module 1
improving air quality monitoring
and information
Module 6
Module 2
Integrated
improving social communication, public
strengthening institutional capacities,
Air
Quality
awareness and public participation in
promoting international cooperation
Management
AQM
in AQM networks and initiatives
Module 5
promoting the integration of AQM in
urban planning and transport
Continuous
planning

institutional
Module
4e
learning

Integrated waste
management

Clean
Air in
Cities

Module 4dStrong in-house

In-door air quality management backstopping

Module 3
improving institutional and legal
frameworks for AQM,

Networks of
international
Module 4a
expertise Transport sector implementation:
introducing and monitoring emission
and fuel quality standards; improving
vehicle inspection & maintenance
Module 4b
Energy sector implementation:
Measures for Energy efficiency

Module 4c
Industry sector implementation:
Eco-industrial production, Profitable
environmental management
GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 19

Experience: Status quo & references

For more than 15 years GTZ has provided advisory services

for AQM projects in more than 20 countries.
At present, more than 30 on-going GTZ projects with air
pollution issues in projects for
} integrated AQM strategies for fast growing medium and megacities
}
}
}
}

legal reforms for EU member candidates (twinning)

environmental action planning
sustainable urban development in eco-cities
eco-efficient production

} cleaner coal and household energy.

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 20

Experiences: Selected expertises in Urban

Transport and Air Quality Management

AQM Twinning Poland

SUT Sibiu (Romania)

Clean Coal China

AQM Syria

SUT Yangzhou/Gangzhou (China)

CP Morocco
CP China
Eco-Cities
AQM Mexico City

CP Thailand

Senegal
AQM Bamako / Mali

AQM San Jose

Household Energy
Ethiopia

I/M Sri Lanka

SUTP-Asia (Bangkok)
AQM Malaysia

SUT Surabaya
CP Brasil

Energy Efficiency / Mad.

AQM Santiago de Chile

AQM = Air Quality Management

CP = Cleaner Production
I/M = Inspection & Maintenance
SUT = Sustainable Urban Transport

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 21

AQM. Mexico City.

AQM Mexico City

Project period 1990-2002, Partner: Environmental Commission for

Mexico City
Cooperation with WB, JICA, GEF, WHO, MIT u.a.
Drastic decline of most criteria pollutants and smog alarms
Effective air pollution control mechanisms for mobile and stationary
sources, relocation of industries
Increasing public acceptance and environmental awareness
Clear perspektive: New Clean Air Plan until 2010

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 22

For further information and cooperation

Please contact

Manfred Breithaupt,
manfred.breithaupt@gtz.de

Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

Dag-Hammerskjld-Weg 1-5
65760 Eschborn / Germany
Tel: +49 (6196) 79-1357 - Mr. Manfred Breithaupt

GTZ Division 44 Environment and Infrastructure Breithaupt

Slide 23