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Title
Verification of Fiber Model in MIDAS comparing with experimental results

Description
To test the validity of Fiber Model in MIDAS, analytical results are compared with the
experimental results of the reference 3, Cho (2004).
A cantilever column was tested under the conditions of constant axial compression and
cyclic lateral load reversals. The hollow column, H24-300, is cast out of concrete with
compressive strength of 24MPa and reinforcing steel with yield strength of 300 MPa.

Verification Example

a) Specimen , H24-300

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b) Fiber Model
Structural geometry and analysis model
Different concrete models with different tie spacing are reflected in the fiber sections I and II. The
center to center spacing of the ties is 50mm in the fiber section I and 100mm in the fiber section II.

Verification Example

Model
Analysis Type
2-D Nonlinear Static Analysis
Unit System
mm, N
Dimension
Height 4500 mm
Element
Beam element (linear beam + nonlinear beam assigned with fiber models)
Material
In MIDAS, the modified Kent & Park concrete model and Menegotto-Pinto steel model
for fiber elements are adopted to construct the fiber sections of the test model.
a) Concrete ;
The parameters for the Kent & Park model are described as follows.

= 0 .0 0 2 K

K = 1+

Z =

s f yh
f 'c

0.5
3 + 0.29 f 'c
145 f 'c 1000

+ 0.75

h'
s

sh

= 0.004 + 0.9 s ( f yh / 300)

0.002 K

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where,

; Concrete strain at maximum stress

; Strength increase factor due to confinement

; Strain softening slope

f 'c
f yh

; Concrete compressive cylinder strength [MPa]

; Yield strength of stirrups or ties [MPa]

; Vol. ratio of hoop reinforcement to the vol. of core concrete

measured to outside of stirrups or ties

sh

; Center to center spacing of stirrups or ties sets

h'

; Width of core concrete measured to outside of stirrups or ties

; Ultimate compressive strain of concrete

confined by stirrup-ties suggested by Scott et al.

Verification Example

The calculation of parameters for the Kent & Park concrete is described as follows.
First, for the core concrete at the fiber section I ;

0 = 0.002 K = 0.002 1.217 = 0.002434

K = 1+

s f yh

= 1.217

f 'c

0.5

Z =

3 + 0.29 f 'c
145 f 'c 1000

+ 0.75 s

h'
sh

= 30.268
0.002 K

u = 0.004 + 0.9 s ( f yh / 300) = 0.023791

f ' c = 3 0 .4

f yh = 3 5 0

s = (28.274 3720) / 50 (400 650 280 530) = 0.018849

( = 0.0
h ' = 60,

for cover concrete)

sh = 50

For the cover concrete at the the fiber section I ;

= 0 .0 0 2 K = 0 .0 0 2

K = 1+

Z =

s f yh
f 'c

=1
0.5

3 + 0.29 f 'c
145 f 'c 1000

+ 0.75 s

h'
sh

= 340.8
0.002 K

u = 0.004 + 0.9 s ( f yh / 300) = 0.004

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Secondly, the core concrete at the fiber section II;

0 = 0.002 K = 0.002 1.109 = 0.002217

K = 1+

Z =

s f yh
f 'c

= 1.109
0.5

3 + 0.29 f 'c
145 f 'c 1000

h'

+ 0.75 s

sh

= 74.354
0.002 K

u = 0.004 + 0.9 s ( f yh / 300) = 0.013896

f ' c = 3 0 .4
f yh = 3 5 0

s = (28.274 3720) / 100 (400 650 280 530) = 0.009425

( =0.0 for cover concrete)
h ' = 60,

sh = 100

For the cover concrete at the fiber section II;

= 0 .0 0 2 K = 0 .0 0 2

K = 1+
Z =

s f yh
f 'c

=1
0.5

3 + 0.29 f 'c
145 f 'c 1000

h'

+ 0.75 s

sh

= 340.8
0.002 K

u = 0.004 + 0.9 s ( f yh / 300) = 0.004

Verification Example

b) Steel ;
The Menegotto-Pinto steel model is used for the analytical steel model. The parameters are
as follows. The yield strength of the steel is determined from material test data.
f y = 350 [ M Pa ]
E = 205940 [N/mm ]
2

b = 0.02
where,

fy

; Yield Strength

; Young's Modulus

; Stiffness Reduction Ratio

[MPa]
36.997
30.4

[MPa]

Core Concrete

Core Concrete

Cover Concrete

Kfc

Kfc
33.714
30.4

fc

0.2 Kfc

6.08

0.002 0.002434

fc

0.2 Kfc

6.08

0.002 0.002217

Stress-Strain relation at Fiber section I

Stress-Strain relation at Fiber section II

[MPa]
350

Stress-Strain relation of Steel Model

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Cover Concrete

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Element Property
The rectangular section and detailed rebars of the cantilever column used for the
experiment are shown below. To consider its confinement effect, the concrete cover
zones and the core concrete zone are separately considered in the analytical model.

Concrete
Cover

Core
Concrete

Rebar and Fiber Division of the Column Section

Verification Example

Boundary Condition
Node 1 ; Constrain all DOFs. (Fixed node)
Load Case
The loading for this specimen consists of a cyclic lateral load and an axial compression
load equivalent to 10% of the compressive strength of the section of the specimen,
which was kept constant during the experiment.
Displacement
[mm]
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
-200

Cyclic lateral displacement load

Faxial = 24 (450 700 480 230) 0.1 = 491040 N

The cyclic loading is implemented by using sequential analysis of one-directional
displacement loadings. Each one-directional displacement is loaded up to the same
magnitude as the experimental displacement.

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Results
The figure below shows the comparison of lateral force and displacement histories between
experiment and analysis by MIDAS.
La t er a l Drift Ratio 4%
F o r ce[ k N ]
200

2%

2%

4%

6%

150
100

50
0

-50
-100

-150
D i s p l a cemen t [ mm]

-200
-200

-150

-100

-50

50

MIDAS

100

150

200

250

300

Experiment

Experimental and Analytical Load-Displacement Relation

It was found that the analytical results agreed well with the experimental result up to the
drift ratio of 6 %. Beyond drift ratio 6%, both tensile and compressive failure took place in
the specimen, which became extremely unstable.

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Verification Example

The stress strain histories of the cover, core concrete and steel are plotted as below.
And the analytical results of the maximum moment and curvature at the bottom fiber
section are also plotted below in which the pinching effect is well taken into account by the
analysis.
Stress
[MPa]

Stress
[MPa]
5.0E+00

5.0E+00

0.0E+00

0.0E+00
-5.0E+00

-5.0E+00

-1.0E+01
-1.0E+01

-1.5E+01
-1.5E+01

-2.0E+01
-2.0E+01

-2.5E+01
-2.5E+01

-3.0E+01

-3.0E+01
-3.5E+01
-2E-02

-3.5E+01

-1E-02

0E+00

1E-02

-4.0E+01
-2E-02

2E-02

-1E-02

-5E-03

0E+00

5E-03

Strain

1E-02
Strain

Stress-Strain results of Concrete Cover

Stress-Strain results of Core Concrete

Stress
[MPa]

My
[N.mm]

8E+02

8E+08

6E+02

4E+08

4E+02

2E+02

0E+00
0E+00

-2E+02

-4E+08

-4E+02
Curvature [rad/mm]

Strain
-6E+02
-2E-02

0E+00

2E-02

4E-02

-8E+08
-2E-04

6E-02

Stress-Strain results of Steel

-1E-04

0E+00

1E-04

2E-04

Moment and Curvature Relation

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References
1. Fabio Taucer, et al., A Fiber Beam-Column Element for Seismic Response Analysis of
Reinforced Concrete Structures, EERC-91/17, College of Engineering, University of
California at Berkeley,1991.
2. Kent, D.C., and Park, R., Flexural Members with Confined Concrete, Journal of the
Structural Division, ASCE, 97(ST7), 1971.
3. Keun-Ho Cho, An Experimental and Analytical Study on the Seismic Behavior of RC
Piers using High-Strength Concrete and High-Strength Rebars, Masters Thesis, Seoul
National University, 2004.
4. Menegotto, M. and Pinto, P.E., Method of Analysis for Cyclically Loaded Reinforced
Concrete Plane Frames Including Changes in Geometry and Non-Elastic Behavior of
Elements under Combined Normal Force and Bending, Proceedings, IABSE Symposium
on Resistance and Ultimate Deformability of Structures Acted on by Well Defined
Repeated Loads, Lisbon, 1973, pp.15-22.
5. Scott, B.D., Park, R. and Priestley, M.J.N., Stress-Strain Behavior of Concrete Confined
by Overlapping Hoops at Low and High Strain Rates, ACI Journal, Vol. 79, No. 1, 1982,
pp.13-27.

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