Thermodynamic Process
Whenever one or more of the properties of a system change, a change in the state of
the system occurs. The path of the succession of states through which the system
passes is called the thermodynamic process.
Process
Reversible Process
A reversible process for a system is defined as a process that, once having taken place,
can be reversed, and in so doing leaves no change in either the system or surroundings.
In other words the system and surroundings are returned to their original condition
before the process took place.
Irreversible Process
An irreversible process is a process that cannot return both the system and the
surroundings to their original conditions. That is, the system and the surroundings would
not return to their original conditions if the process was reversed.
Flow work or flow energy is work done in pushing a fluid across a boundary, usually into
or out of the system. Flow work is necessary for maintaining a continuous flow through
a control volume.
Internal energy is stored within a body by virtue of the activity and configuration of its
molecules and the vibration of the atoms within the molecules.
Joule's Law states the "the change of internal energy of an ideal gas is a function of only
the temperature change."
Heat (Q)
Heat is energy in transit (on the move) from one body or system to another solely
because of a temperature difference between the systems.
It is defined as the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass
through one degrees.
The constant volume specific heat of a pure substance is the change of molecular
internal energy for a unit mass per degree change of temperature.
The constant pressure specific heat of a pure substance is the change of enthalpy for a
unit mass between two equilibrium states at the same pressure per degree change of
temperature.
Entropy (S)
Formulas:
a) Relation between P and T
b) Nonflow Work
Examples: