If A =
|A| or,
i.e. |A| =
ii)
If A =
and is equal to a11 a22 a33 + a12 a23 a31 + a13 a32 a21 a11 a23 a32 a22 a13 a31 a12 a21 a33
= (-1)1 + 1 a11
+ (-1)1 + 3 a13
1 + 2 a12
+
(-1)
In fact, |A| can be expanded along any of its rows or columns. In order
to expand |A| along any row or column, we multiply
3
2
1
2
3 by expanding it along first column.
3
3
2
1
2
3
3
D = (-1)1+1 (2)
D=2
2
1
2
1
3 3
3 1
3
3
+ (-1)2+1 (1)
2
3
-2
3
1
3
1
2
3
+ (-1)3+1 (-2)
3
1
2
3
2
3
There are three rows and three columns in a square matrix of order 3.
PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
We have defined the determinants of a square matrix of order 4 or less.
In fact, these definitions are consequences of the general definition of
the determinant of a square matrix of any order which needs so many
advanced concepts. These concepts are beyond the scope of this book.
Using the said definition and some other advanced concepts we can
prove the following properties. But, the concepts used in the definition
itself are very advanced. Therefore we mention and verify them for a
determinant of a square matrix of order 3.