STI

Category

Cause

Symptoms

Vulvovaginal
Candidiasis
-Not considerable an
STI
-Yeast, monilia, fungal
infection

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Cand
ida
Fun
gus

Pruritus, vaginal discharge

(thick, white, curd-like),
vaginal soreness, vulvar
burning, erythema,
dyspareunia, external
dysuria

Trichomoniasis

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Trich
om
ona
s
Prot
ozo
an

Bacterial Vaginosis

Vaginal
Discharge
(Vaginitis)

Gardnerella
-Bacterium

Chlamydia
-MOST COMMON
BACTERIAL STI IN U.S.

Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)

Chlamydia
trachomatis
-Intracellular
parasite

Many asymptomatic, vulvar

itching and soreness,
malodorous foamy heavy
green/yellow or gray frothy
or bubbly vaginal
discharge, dyspareunia,
dysuria, vaginal odor
(described as foul), pH >
4.5, petchiae on cervix
Three of the four criteria:
-Thin, white
homogeneous
vaginal
discharge
-Vaginal pH >4.5
-Positive whiff
test, stale
fishy odor
-Presence of clue
cells on
wet-mount
examination
Many asymptomatic,
mucopurulent vaginal
discharge, urethritis,
bartholinitis, endometritis,
salpingitis, dysfunctional
uterine bleeding

Treatment
Miconazole
(Monistat)
Clotrimazole
(Mycelex)
Terconazole
(Terazol)
Fluconazole
(Diflucan)
Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Tinidazole
(Tindamax)

Effect on Baby:
- Can acquire thrush in the
mouth during birthing
process if mother infected

Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
Clindamycin
(Cleocin)

Effects on Baby:
-Risk of neonatal sepsis

Antibiotics
-Doxycycline
(Vibromycin)
-Azithromycin
(Zithromax)

-Can be infected during

delivery

Ceftriaxone
(Rocephin)
-Used in conjunction
to treat gonorrhea

Brittney Brady

STI/Maternity

Mother To Baby

Effects on Baby:
-Risk for prematurity

Effects on Baby:
- Eye infections (neonatal
conjunctivitis),
pneumonia, low birthweight, increased risk of
premature rupture of the
membranes (PROM),
preterm birth, and

stillbirth

Gonorrhea
-Highly contagious
-Site of infection is
columnar epithelium of
endocervix

Cervicitis
(Inflammation
/infection of
the cervix)

Genital Herpes
Simplex
-Recurrent lifelong viral
infection
-HSV 1(not sexually
transmitted) & HSV 2

Genital Ulcers

Syphilis
-Curable bacterial
infection

Genital Ulcers

Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)

Secondary to
STI
-Untreated
chlamydia
and

Brittney Brady

Neisseria
gonorrhoea
e
-Aerobic
gramnegative
intracellular
diplococcus

Many asymptomatic,
abnormal vaginal
discharge, dysuria,
cervicitis, abnormal vaginal
bleeding, bartholins
abscess, PID, rectal
infection, mild sore throat,
perihepatitis

Antibiotics
-Azithromycin &
Ceftriazone

Spread via
contact with
mucous
membranes
or breaks in
skin

Primary- Multiple painful

vesicular lesions,
mucopurulent discharge,
fever, chills, malaise,
dysuria, headache, genital
irritation lymphadenopathy
Secondary-Tingling, itching,
pain, unilateral genital
lesions
Primary:
-Chancre (painless
ulcer),
painless bilateral,
adenopathy
Secondary:
-Flu-like symptoms, rash
on trunk, palms, and
soles,alopecia,
adenopathy
Latency:
No more manifestations
Tertiary:
-Life-threatening conditions

-No cure
-Antiviral drug
therapy
-Acyclovir (Zovirax)
-Famciclovir
(Famivir)
-Valacyclovir
(Valtrex)

Spirochete
Treponema
pallidum

Ascending
polymicrobial
infection

STI/Maternity

Lower abdominal
tenderness,
adnexal tenderness,
cervical
motion tenderness,

-Azithromycin or
Docycycline should
accompany to treat
chlamydial infection

-Can be infected during

delivery
Effects on Baby:
- Gonococcal ophthalmia
neonatorum can lead to
blindness and sepsis
(including arthritis and
meningitis)
-HSV 2 can be infected
during birth
Effects on Baby:
- Skin or mouth sores
Mental retardation,
premature birth, low birthweight, blindness, death

-Benzathine Penicillin
G
-Doxyxyline if
allergic

-Can be passed in utero

-Broad-spectrum
antibiotics
(Cephalosporin with
doxycycline)
-Oral fluids

Uncommon in pregnancy

Effects on Baby:
- Can result in fetal or
infant death
-Congenital syphilis
symptoms include skin
ulcers, rashes, fever,
weakened or hoarse cry,
swollen liver and spleen,
jaundice and anemia,
various deformations

gonorrhea

fever,
dysmenorrhea,
dysuria, N/V,
abnormal vaginal
discharge

Human
Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV)

Immunocomp
romising

HIV virus

Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
- MOST COMMON
VIRAL INFECTION IN
THE U.S.

VaccinePreventable
STI

Human
papillomavir
us

Hepatitis A

VaccinePreventable
STI

Spread via GI
tract

Hepatitis B

VaccinePreventable
STI

Spread via
saliva, blood,
semen,
menstrual
blood, vaginal
secretions

Brittney Brady

STI/Maternity

1. Acute seroconversion
-Fever, pharyngitis,
rash, and
myalgia
-3 to 12 months before
seroconversion
2. Asymptomatic with
viral replication
-Immunosuppression
with
opportunistic
infections
3. AIDS
-CD4 T-cell count
reaches 200 or less
Many asymptomatic, visible
genital warts (condylomata)
that are fleshy papule with
a warty glandular surface,
painful, friable, pruritic,
large lesions resemble
cauliflowers, may bleed
easily
Flu-like symptoms with
malaise, skin rashes,
fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
pruritus, fever, upper right
quadrant pain
Similar to Hep A but with
less fever and skin
involvement

-Bed rest
-Analgesics

1. Earlier initiation
of antiretroviral
therapy (ART)
-When count
reaches 350500
2. Antiretroviral
drugs (ARVs),
3. HAART
(Highly active
antiretroviral
therapy)
-Combines 3
antiretroviral drugs

Effects on Baby:
- Transmission can occur
transplacentally, during
childbirth or through
breast milk

No treatment or cure
-Vaccine (Cervarix &
Gardasil)
-Treatment of
pancancerous
cervical
lesions/genital warts
(TCA, liquid nitrogen
cryotherpy, etc.)
-Self-limiting, does
not result in chronic
infection
-Hep A Vaccine
(prevent)
-Can cause serious
permanent liver
damage
-No specific
treatment exisit
-Hep B vaccine
(prevent)

Effects on Baby:
-None Known

Effects on Baby:
- Can become chronic
carrier of hepatitis B
which may lead to liver
cancer or cirrhosis

Scabies
Pubic lice

Ectoparasitic
Infections

Brittney Brady

Contact with
others

STI/Maternity

Scabies-intensely pruritic
dermatitis with lesions
Pubic-pruritus with lice or
nits , rash

-Permethrin cream
-Lindane shampoo