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AM E R C A:
NEW WORLD
I

BEING THE LATEST, AND MOST

ACCURATE DESCRIPTION
THE

OF

CONTAINING

The

Original of the Inhabitants, and the

matkable LVoyages thither.

Re-

'

THE CONQJ1EST OF THE VAST

R E

I
O

Mexico and Peru

AND
OTHER LARGE

PROVINCES
.

and

TERRITORIES.

WITH THE SEVERAL

'

EU<Bj)fEAU-

LAINNTATIO
THOSE
PARTS.

Their Cities;

Fortrefles Towns
g
Mountains, and Rivers.

Tem pies

Their Habits, Cuitoms, Manners,

and Religions
Their Plants, Beafls, Birds, and
Serpents.

Al1

WITH

?
Additions
AdditTonf ^Ef
a
Survey of what hath been

containing, befides feveral other

brief

ynknotm Soutb-Land and the

confident,

d.fcover'd of the

pfrWc^ Region.
1
J

ns,

"

dScul P n "" b
7
l

JOHN OGUBTEf*

PS ai

LtXt
r
Majelty Qofmogrqhr,
Giogrqhkk
s

"
?_j*

Kingdom of

Printer,

and Matter of the

ICELAND,

Printed by the Author, and

are to
White Fryers, M. <D

beYad

C.

at his

L XXI

2^

Houfe

arii

His

m
'/'

Catalogue of the Authors, which are either mentioned, or

made

ufe of in this

Braham MeUinus

America.

Dionyjius Halicarnaff^us

\. Abraham Melius
Adriaen Zander

Volume of

Dirk gutters

Donk

Dithmar <Blefken

Milan

Duarte Mende^ Seraon

Albertus Magnus

Egydius Fletcher

Aldrete

Emanuel de Moraez

AElim Lampridius

Era/mux

Alexander Aphrodienfts

Erich %pothaer

Alexander ah Alexandra

Everhard ^eid

Alexander Guaginus

Eufebius

Alonjo Garcia

Euthymius Zihagenus

Alonfo de Ouagli

Stella

Feflus Avienus

Andreas C<efarteritis

Francifc.

Angrin Jonas

Francifc. Delapuente

Antonio de Herrera

Francifc. de

Apuleius

Francifc. Lopes de

Arijlonicus Grammaticus

Francifc. <]{apbelingius.

Ariflotle

Francifc. Soare^

Athanafius I\jrcher

Francifc. Tirolmonte

Auguftinm

Francifc* XaVerius

Augujlin de Tarcate

Fullerus

Auguflm Thuanus
Ayton of Armenia

Galenus
,

Burmannus

Gomara

Garcilajfo de

la

Gome/a

Vega

Balthazar de Jmiztfuita

Genebrardus

Bamaba

Gerardus Joannes VoRius

Cabo

Bartholomneo de las Cafas

Guido de Bre^

Benjamin Tudalenfis

Guilielm. Tifo

Cafpar <BarUu$

Guilielm, Toftellus

C aft aid

Harmannus Modsd

Charles fyocbfort

Henrick Haelbos

Christopher Arcijfetishj

Henrick

Cicero

Hernando de Leon

Claude de Abbeville

Herodotus

Clemens Alexandrinus

Hefychius

Conrad

Gefner

Hawks

Hieronim. Ben^p

Cornelius IS^epos

Hieronim. Cardanus

Cornelius Witfleet

Homer

Ctefias

Hugo

Grotius

Curtius

Hugo

Linfchot

Qyrianws

Jacob Bonims

David Ingran

Jacob Tlanetifis

"David

Jacob

<Pon>el

Diodorm Siculm

tf^abbi

Inca Garcilajfo

Joannes

'flfiti

The Names
"Joannes Ardenois

Miles Philips

Mofes

Joannes Chilton

Nicolaus Zeno

Joannes Gyfius

Olympiodorus

Joannes Johnjlonus

Paulus Vmetus

de'

Laet

Pedro de Ancieta

Joannes de LedeJma

Pedro Pizarro

Joannes LeonclaVius

Pedro Fernandez de Qulr

Joannes Lery

Pedro Maria

Joannes Mariana.

Peter Martyr

Joannes ]>{ieuwhof

Pedro Ordonnes de CeVallos

Joan. Van de Sande

Peter Van Gendt

Jofeph. Jcojla

Philo Judtfus

Jofeph. Anchieta

Philippus CluVerius

Jofeph* Scaliger

Philippus

ifaacus Pontanus

Pbylarchus

Ifaac.

du Verne

Ifidorus

Mendes Sequera

if

Morndus

Piere Moreau

Pinedas

Julius C&far

Plato

Julius Cdfar Scaliger

Pliny

LaBantius

Plutarch

Lauren, Ananias

Pomponius Mela

Lauren* fBikker

Proclus

Lauren. Guafcus Gerafcius

Procopius

Lauren. \eymis

Quarterius

Levinus Lemmius

P^ahhi Simeon

LieVen Ai%tna

P(phertus

Lope^Va^

Sam* Purchas

Lucan

Sebafliaen Schroten

Lucretius

Simplicius

Lodowick Leo

Salujl

Lyfander

Sigifmond !Baro

Manethon Perfa

Strabo

Marcus Zeno

Theodofio

Martin

Joannes <Bertius

lean

1'

of the Authors.

del

Barco

Qomtdus

Theopompus

Martin Pere^

Thevet

Matthdeus Van den Broehe

Tertullian

Mattbiolus

Trigaut

Melchior Soiterus

Vegetius

Mich, Lithower

firgil

Mtchovius

THE

THE

CON

rr

N T

of the feveral

CHAPTERS
The

The Expedition of Pedro Alvarado, Frari-

cifco and

whence
of the Americans ,

Of the Original

came, when,

they

Book.

firft

Fol.

AMeriea unknown to the Ancients

SECTIONS.

and

de Almagro

what

and from

boft>,

America*

Firft Vifcoverers of

ftopher Colonus

his

with

1 03
Durando Villegagnon
The Expedition of John Ribald, Renatus

las

Chri-

Expedition

43
56

Laudonier, and Gurgie

Pedro Alphonfo Nigno his Voyage

The Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon 58
60
The Expedition of Americus Vefputius
The Expedition of Alphonfo Fogeda, Diego

Expedition, and the

"5
remark

Peter Arias

his

Nunnez

69

able Tajfages of Vafcus

Candifli, and

The

81

Diego Gottierez

Expedition

92

his

Jaques

Expedition, by

Mahu

no

Simon de Cordes

Noord

George van

Expedition of

Spilber*
ll 5

gen

The Expedition of Cornelifzoon Schouten

117
and Jacob Le Maire

76
The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian,
79
commonly caVCd Magellan
Voyage.

108

John Smith

The Expedition of Oliver van

Grifalva

his

Netherland
and

Juan

Ferdinando Cortez

o5

Martin Forof our famous Sea-Qaptains,

bifher, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas

The Expedition of Francifco Fernandez,

Lupo Caizedo, Chriftophero Morantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and

Four Englifh Expeditions, under the Command

Nicuefa, Ancifus, and Roderick Col-

menares

95
NichoJohn Stade and

The Expeditions of

l x

People planted

Gonzalvo Pizarro,^ Diego

The Voyage o/ffo NaflTavian

Command of Jaques

le

under the

Fleet,

Heremke

120

Hugo Schapenham
I

Henry Brewer

his

and

122

Voyage

The Second Book.

F

the

Bounds of America, and of

Divifton of the

Mexican,

or

the

Nor-

New England
New Netherland, '<*

H9
calN

New York
168

Fol. 125

thern part thereof

Eftotiland

126

J new Defcription of Mary-Land

Terra Laboratoris*

128

Virginia

120

The Relation of Qaptain Smiths being taken

Canada,

or

New

France

Nova
Norumbegua
Accadia,

or

Scotia

183
I02r

Powhatan,W^s

*33

frifoner by

138

by his Daughter

Pocahonta.

deliverance

202
Carolina

THE CONTENTS.
Carolina

205

Porto Rico, and Monico

Florida

213

Cuba

Jucatan

222

Jamaica

Guatimala
Vera Paz

224

The

227

The Caribbee-Iflands

Honduras

229

Anegada

Nicaragua

232

Las Virgines

235

Anguilla

Costarica

Veragua
Guatimala,

properly fo call'd

The kingdom of Mexico,

or

New

Tlafcalla

and

ibid.

St.

Crux

Spain

St.

Martin

270

Euftathius

273

Antego

281

Montferrat

284

Xalifco

3<%

Chiametla

ibid,

Couliacan

ibid.
ibid.

369
37o
ibid.

Guadalupe

37i

372

Marigalante

ibid.

%%6 Todos Sanctos

288 DeAves

Cinoloa
Zacatecas

289

New Bifcay
New Mexico

200 Martinico

Tontonteac, and

St.

375

376

Lucia
377,

Nova Gra- Barbados

nada

298

St.

Quivira

301

Bekia

or

373
ibid.

Dominico

201

New-found Land,

AfTumption
The Bermudas, or SummerJfiands
the IJland of

Hifpaniola

ibid.

Vincent

380
381

Granada

"teitb

ibid.

304 Tabago
311

St.

314

381

Chriftophers

3^

California

3h

The Third Book.

CAftella Aurca,
Firma

Panama
Darien

New Andaluzia
St.

Martha.

Rio de

Hacha
New Granada
Granada
Popayana
la

Peru

Quito
Los Quixos

Lima

otherwife call'd

Terra Cuico

3P4 Los Charcas

462
466

Collao

395

399 Chile

400

471

Chile, properly fo

call'd

472

403 Magellanica

405
406
408
409

Paraguay,
j

Rio de
j

or

Rio de

La Crux de

Sierra

450 De

473
475

476
477
ibid.

Vincent

446 Rio de

Plata

ibid.

412 Brafile

441

la

la Plata, properly
Jo call'd

Tucuman

St.

65

3>
368

Defeado

28 j

Terra Nova,

34*

Sombrero

St.

Fanuco
Tabafco
Guadalajara

344

ibid.

Nevis

337

Lucaies

3^4

268

Cibola

The

ibid.

Saba

Guaxata

New Gallicia
I

I/lands call'd

Bartholomew
261 Barboude
264 Rotonda

Mechoacan

II

33 1

ibid.

238

P7

Janeiro

Spirito Santo

40 5

496
497
Porto

THE CO NTENTS.

Porto Seguro

Los
Bahia de Todos
pernambuco

much
QI The Qouncellor Duffen'j Relation of fo
*
concern d the Weft.India
of Brafile as
5 2
^ 0I
Company
55
A Defection of the falace Prey burgh, two
5

los

Santos

Parayba

Maragnan
Tie

Bridges, and a >Banquetting.boufe,

x
_

Grande,

Tamarica, Rio

by

theTCeari6tf.

The Journey of
.

Rodulphus Baron,

Paria,

i>ith the

far as

it

Journey of

Francifco
ibid *

New

6zo

Andalufia

^ 2I

Venezuela

6l 4

595 The

IJlands

Margareta

Coche

Account of Brafile, Jo
om*
concern d the Weft-India

Grave Maurice

or

the

^5
6o ?

Cumana

Manners of
Vefcription of the Qtftoms and

rkTapuyans

5 l8

all built

Grave Maurice

7 Guiana
the Nether- A <i(elation of
Relation of the (proceedings of
Orellana
Brafile, to
land Weh>India Company in
Siara, <wd Para

6o

'

Ifteos

Lor#%

pany

49

his

Of the

IJlands of

Cubagua, and
6l ?
6i%

Southern America

In the Appendix.

Rio de

Plata

Fol.

<?3i

634

Chili

la

View of the Chilcfiari Language

625

649

Magellanica

*51
The Unknown Southland
or The Ardick ReTerra Borealis
,

gion

66i

Attempts

Several

difcoyery of

brief View

at
of what flaces^ are pojfef'd

this day in the

Weft-Indies,

by. the

Eng-

Spaniards, French, Pdrtuguefe,

6 74
Dutch

lish,

and

the

<*7*

North-Weft Paffage

for the

II

m
i

***>

TT

_^HH
i

f the Ocean.

.*?

had

Ii'rtle

iyigadon.

xz8f

mmMmm

f the Ocean,

/M9
had

little

ivjfejnon.

'*".

'

Chap.

I.

A N

ACCURATE DESCRIPTION
O

CHAP,
America, unknown

I
I.

to the ^Antients.

HE

Sea, that takes feveral Denominations from the Defend of the o^n.
Gountreys which it wafheth, and furrounding the dry
Land , cuts out , and fliapes fo many winding Bays,
Creeks, and Meandring In-lets, Teems no where fo

much connVd and

penn'd into fo narrow a Channel,

as the Straights of Magellan
From whence again,
foon expatiating, it fpreads it fclf into two immenfe,
:

and almoft boundlefs Oceans, that which opens to the

North, gives terminaries to the four Regions of the
Earth

that to the South, onely to Jfia and America

both which, indeed, are
}
but one continued Sea, extending it felf round the Univerfal Globe.
;

This watry part of the World,

that almoft through all

in thefe later times been Furrow'd

by

Ages lay Fallow, hath

feveral Expert

and Stout Captains,' who

now by their Art and Induftry, have given a good Account of, and made clear
Difcoveries from Eaft to! Weft, where-ever the Sun rifes or
fets.
The Northern Bounds under the Jrtkk-Zone , have been hitherto fo obftruaed with Ice, that the undertakings of fuch as adventured
either
to find

by

the North=Eaft or

North-Weft a Paffage to India , have been utterly

fruftrate. Of the Southern, no fuch pains hath as
yet been taken in the Difco.
very , fo that for the moft part it is yet unknown how far
the Water either
deep or mallow, overfpreads the Earth, onely tlus much Experience
hath made
,

out, that the Jntartick needs lefTer Line to Fathom, than the
Artick-Ocean.
The antient Greeks ^henitians zn& Romans, on whofoever that
Renown;

were

by Antiquity, and Lifted in the number of their famous Navigators, werefno

lefs Timerous than Ignorant concerning
Maritim Affairs, and are not fit to
Hand in the leaft degree of competition with our later Voyagers.

$:&

The Ancient had

knowledge in N,

Ji'rtlc

yigjiion.

M E %I C A

<iJ

>
Of old, by

Chap.

Law, made by Cuftom, according

an inviolable

I.

to ffcny, Vivetias

and others, the Sea was lock'd up, from the eleventh of October, to the tenth of
March no Ships daring to venture forth, dreading fhort Nights, and foul Wea,

ther

Storms
Navigation

is

Summer, did they

neither in

to attempt the

Ojffin,

much

fo

once

as

Land

or loofe fight of

made

but that feveral Nations in former Ages,

whole time, and wearying themfelves

The

Sacred Scripture

and others

Ozjas,

teftifies

Art of Navigation.

the Kings of Judea,

Gold from

Ophir

and other

And

Imported to fupply and enrich the Holy*Land.

Hiff.Kttt.\i\>.i.<ay.6 : .

their buiinefs, fpendino- their

in the Practical

That

no queilion,

is

Solomon,

Jehofaphat,

prepar'd feveral Fleets that Sail'd through remote Seas,

freighting themfelves with

GiograpJi. lib. i.

it

unlefs driven by-

yet there

very an-

cient.

offer

which were

Rarities,

Strabo alfo tells us

King Solomon being contemporary with Homer, then difcover'd India. And Tliny
relates,That the Romans, in the Reign of Auguftus, pafling the Straights of Gibraltar,
and fleighting the Ne plus ultra, Coafted Spain, France, and Belgium ^leaYmz not at
the Promontory of the Cimbrians (now call'd Shager-^ijf) but alfo ventur'd into the Northern Ocean
which wafhes Norwey and Lapland But long before
:

this

as

Atbenaus relates

(philea*

Taurominites

a Grecian Captain

and feveral

others pafs'd the Herculean-Millars, penetrating the Northern Seas as far as

Vltima 2&,fuppos'd by
fome to be Ireland. Vide

tain,

and adventuring, made

Gtorgic,

ward

the African Coafts without Gibraltar,

Difcovery of Tkute

trie firft

and beyond

And

Atlas,

OiEudextts,

Strab.l. i.

of Hatmo a Carthaginian,

who

of

fome

Metellus Celer

Indians.

thern Ocean,
Menelaus.

on

his

Coaft:

where they

That an

ftrefs

of Weather, were at

fuffer'd

Shipwrack
5

Ariftonicus Gramaticus relates,

That

that leaving the Straights,

}

went

returned with great Riches in fafety to his

India, after eight years

Manjions with Jove,

any may,

who

driven into the

laft

Menelaus Sailing

and difcovering

antient S^edifo

faith, Odyjf.

1.

NorLanded

yet faving themfelves,

Africa,

confentaneous to Homer,

But with me

of Troy, became fo great a Voyager

Voyage

King as
relates, fent as a Rarity and great Prefent to the %oman Conful
fome Indians , who loofing their courfe hatter'd up and down

with perpetual Storms and

Of

the

Cornelius ISfypos
Voyage

is

now and

and infpected the Coafts of

And Eudaxus Cy%icenus 9 flying from King Lathyrus,
Africa, as far as the Gorgades
fet Sail from the Ay^h'^n Gulph, and pailing the Great*Cape,"c2Lmc to an Anchor
at laft in the Mouth of Gibraltar, having difcover'd all the Eaftern, Southern
out-fail'd thefe

and Weftern parts of Africa,

Moreover, it deferves fpecial obfervation
Strange

!Brit

to the South-

were

then explored by feveral expert Captains. But more remarkable

The Voyage oiUanm.

That

from the Sack

he furrounded

re-meafuring the lame

own Kingdom

way he
Which is

4.

-None muft compare

his

Seats Celeftial are

who

Av<rpav

eight years toft

Through Worlds of Mijeries from Coaft

dN

K/nj/^w

7]YJiv tis [jyi

Cyprus, Phoenicia, ^Egypt,

fmall hope,

yxp TntXXa, 7m,$Tcv>

j^/ sxt

3(ctl

-Waa' l-mAtf^Js

yg,i oyShccrot) tTti

yh<3vv

K,v'&pv, <poiyi>th/j Tt t^i cLiyvsrlitis e^mXyj'Sriit

/Ethiope,

Sidon, Erembosyowzd, and Lybia, Tbben

K.a,i

Their Lambs+are hornd, their

t\t,

to Coaft,

'Hja^pju^u ev vnvoi?

'Mongst unknown Seas, of my %eturn

egA^elcu

Ews teem

thrice a year.

Xi&uurjy

ipa,

ocpveu cc(pocp Hegy.o) 7?Ag9tf<rc>

(<1) Tie Commentator; on Homer have been very inquifitive to find out MenelM Voyage into *AtUopia.
Crates fuppos'd that he pafs'd out at the Straights 1
doubled the Southern Cape, )n d f arnv'd thith.r.
Erattt/Ibenes conjectures, that in \he time of Homer the Straights Mouth was an Ifthmus , and t! e
/Egyptian
Illhmusourflow'dby the Sen, wh-ch afforded him a fhorrcr paffage. But that is moit probable which Straho delivers, that he then wentto the borders
of ^Ethiopia
when he pafs'd up E-gypt to the City of I hebes ; the Border s oLstHopia being not fan diibnt from thence in Strah's time, probably very near it in Homer's,

Chap.

sA

I.

That which
King of

Bjp//tf

M E %i

That fending Pilots, Commi/Iion'd

Land=marks in the Arabian Gulph, they

not to be forgotten

is

found by chance a forfaken VeiTel

onely in

feveral other breathlefs Bodies, of

nient Cordials, they enquired his Fortune

one

it

whom,

Man

half dead

an In&ian into S&jgii

lying

being refrefh'd with conve-

but he being unable to give them

what the other

fatisfaction, neither underftanding

any prefent

A.

the Grecian Geographers relate concerning ftolomy Euergeies,

to take the Soundings, and fettle the

among

faid

they fent

where foon having got a fmattering of Greek, he informed

Euergetes, that he was a Native Indian , driven from their courfe into the place
where they. found him by ftrefs of Weacher,and that his company were famifh'd,

him

to the Court,

all their

Provifion fpent in their Wandrings from their intended Voyage

Thus

being kindly entertain'd, he alfo promised the King to open his PaiTage(if fo he

The King

pleas'd) into India*

flept

not upon

but immediately

this Intelligence,

prepared a Fleet Freighted with fuch Commodities as were advis'd

OiRkoUmy

with which

by the Conduct of this their Indian Pilot they Anchored in their

deilr'd Port, and brought the King in return from thence a rich Cargo of Silk,
Spices, coftly Drugs, and precious Gems. Cleopatra, about iixty years after,
intending not to lofe the advantages reap'd by the former difcoveries, equipped
which paffing through the Red*Sea found the
another and greater Navy
Stern of a Ship, on which was Prefented a Horfe, whereby fome of the more
letting forth

into indiii.

Andaif

&/,

knowing Sea*men
Africa, there

and

fix'd as

judg'd, that

it

had been a

the

firft

that endeavor'd to drive an European

and held Commerce with India

the Jdriatick ,
from thence through
O

Sail'd

and Sailing about

by fad accident fuffer'd a Wrack. This Stern was afterwards

a Memorial in the Market-place of'Memphis,

In thefe later times

in Jfrick

Gibraltar Veffe'l,

was

the State

fet

Trade

f -Venice

into the Mediterranean-Sea

'

up,

who
:

So

J^\

[Venetians were the

drove a trade

hrit that

Steering for Alexandria, where unlading their Goods, from thence tJbey carry'd %t Ettr0*'

tu the

E ^~

them over Land, and Shipping again in the Arabian Gulph, Sail'd directly
were exehang'd feveral Commodities,
fat India. Thus by Land and Water
and the Indian Growth and rich Products of the Oriental World plentifully
Tranfported to Venice, and from thence, all Europe had ample Accommo- How they went their
journeys.
dation, until an Egyptian Sultan fuffer'd the Way to be infefted by Thieves
and Murdering Robbers that fo they were enforced to remove thence,
and Difcharge their feveral Cargoes at Aleppo from whence, on Mules and
Camels, they carry 'd their Goods to 'Babylon, fo to 'Balfarum, and then to
Ormm, where they Re-fhip'd thence, directly Handing for India.
Thus they enjoy'd the benefit of fo great a Trade and Commerce, until the
(portuguefe found a PalTage by Sea, faving the Expence and trouble of carrying
Goods fo far by Land to India Of which here we will a little inlarge.
.John, the firft King of (Portugal who took from the Moor's, by force of tug ifeclfSto\kG,

Arms,

Septa,

an African City, having

fo gallantly in the
this

Prince

Leaguer of

five

Septa

Sons

became Mailer of the

place,

in feveral Parties againft the

Ene-

that after he

made many bold Excurfions

behav'd himfelf

'Henry his fourth

my, bringing in daily great ftore of Booty fo growing rich he Rigg'd out
two new VeiTels to make farther Difcoveries along the Coaflof Africa. Yet
this his Expedition went on but (lowly, being much taken off in Building
,

there

anew

City

then call'd Tar %anab ala

and

fince Villa Infantis

but being

Admonifli'd by a Dream, and Check'd for his laying thus afide his
he foon after, A.nno 1410.

lign of Navigation

ded, which he the

more

accelerated

fet

firft

De

forth the Ships that he inten-

being informed by fome of his Prifoners

Natives^
B%

S*

oa

d' m

<iA

Natives
Why

M E%1 C

A.

V-vilclp*

Jfnca fpread from the Bafis of Mount- Atlas very far

tows
the South
This Mountain then was the Terminary of Navigation
that way
becaufe thereabouts a long Ridge or Shelf of Sands
thrufHts Point under
Shallow Waters fo far out into the Ocean , that none durft
,

that

Afiicnv/is no fur

ther flifcovcr'd.

venture to Sail in-

Who

finl vcntur'd into

rhc Offin.

to the Offin, being out of fight of Land to double this

conceal'd Cafe.
The firft that attempted to find Deep Water, and get round

about

covering feveral

Mtidera 't; by

whom pco

pled.

unknown

Coafts, and Uninhabited

Region, were Joannes Gonfahes,

which were the Madera's, and
Planted with Portuguefe
a Grant from

St. George de Picho,

fince

belonging to that

and JEgtdtus Anniws

Trifian Varfeus,

and others

Ifles

dif-

amongft

which Prince Henry

with Netherlander s.

He

firft

alio obtained

Pope Martin

the Fifth, of all the difcover'd Territories

Eaft-ward
the Canaries, for ever to be the undoubted Right,
and belongina to the

from

Crown of Portugal.

After Henry's Deceafe, Anno 1460. the bufinefs of

Navigation and Difcoveries of new Countreys
lay
neglected,
,
becaufe King Alphonfo turmoyl'd in
a
Civil War , his Crown being at flake had not
leifure to think or look after
,
uncertain improvements by Sea
yet at laft having quell'd his Enemies
he
ventured forth fome Ships, who Sail'd as
far as the River Zenata, and
came to
Anchor before thc Cky oGemy9 famQUS fince for Tradc
.^
whkh
.

B^omG^w
cover

3S

^^

nomination to the Countrey and Coafts of Guiny, where

they dealing, Barter'd
for Ivory, Gold, Slaves, and alfo got fo much
footing into the Countrey that
they fuddenly raised up a Fort, and Man'd it with
a ftrong Garrifon, Shipping

their Slaves for Lisbon.

John the Second fucceeding his Father Alphonfo

and

bia

tick,

India,

and

if poffible,

to the Oriental-Seas.

had a great defign upon Arawas ambitious to open a PafTage from the
Alan.

But the

difficulty lay in Steering fo often

of Land, venturing into the Main Ocean

Shoals that lay fo far out into the

At

obftrufted by fo

from

fight

many dangerous

Offin.

that time flourifli'd three

tm <Bohmus

famous Mathematician Roderick jofeph,

and Mar.
Pupils bred up by Joannes Monteregim
with which the
j

King

confulting, perfwaded, that they

would by their Art invent fome Inftrument

by Southern Conftellations, the Pole being deprefs'd,the
Navigator might
know where he was, and in what height fo gueffing what
diftance they were
from this or that Countrey they accordingly Club'd
Learning, and by their
grCat Stud
^ found out what fince hath P rov d fo ufcful and beneficial to Searor * No h. Co,which help having obtained, the Sailers encouraged,
SSSjftfi***" *>&e/ftrMe.
more
frequently ventured into remote and unknown Seas.
that

'

lt

After thefe, King John of Portugal fen tjaaues Cano

with a Fleet, who Sailingfound the River Zaire* , where he eretted a Pillar
with an Infcription,

Latin

and Poriuguefe fi%riiyin% by whom,and in what Kings

Reign thefe African Coafts
were difcover'd
Here he alfo met fome of the Natives who more
,
civiliz'd
than the reft, told him, That they had a mighty
King, who Raigning over
them , kept his Court fome few days Journey up in
the Countrey , to whom
lending his Agents, detained four Africans as
Pledges, which he carry'd
with their free confent to Portugal, promifing to
bring them back in fifteen
Months, who before that time having got fome
fmatterings of their Tongue"
mform'd them, that their Native Soyl was cali'd Congo,
whither returning by
die appointed time, they werai according to
their
:

Cm
'

jfiES*****

agreement, exchang'd for the

<Portuguefe,znd Cano addrefs'd himfelf with rich

Prefents to their
found fitting in their manner on an Ivory Throne
,

King,whom

he

being from the middle up-

ward

Chap.

AMERICA

I;

ward Naked,
on

lee

his nether parts cover'd

with long Silken Skirts, a Golden kxtnl

Ann, athwart his Shoulders hung a Hories Tail, their Bad^e of

his left

.Oi?covcry of C*W'J-9.

Royal Dignity Cano humbly laid the Prefents down at the Kings Feet, amongft
which was a Gilded Flag , or Pennon with a Crofs which Pooe Innocent the
Eighth had Confecrated with great Ceremony. After this , many of that Na*
:

became Chriftians

and the King himfelf received Baptifm. But in Hiort

time, by the Inftigations of their Diabolical Priefts and others
Chriftianlty loofing ground, grew out of countenance
Mean while, King John the //^tfes^feki
Second vigoroufly Profecuted the bufinefs of Difcovery, fending Jews. and Chr'u
fiians by Land from Alexandria and other parts of'Egypt to India znd from thence
tion

'

to explore the Coafts*

on

of Africa, to the Great-Cape if fo a way

might be found fit for Navigators, having doubled that Point, to Traffick with
the Oriental parts of the World.
the Eaftern fide

After this Princes Death the

Work

lay

ftill

a while, but in fliort time, Kino2

V.ifitte

de

Gama

his ex-

pediuou.

Emanuel his Succeflor freinly undertook the bufinefs once more, fending Vafaues
Gama with four Ships, who pa/fing through many Dangers with great Difficulties,

Anchor'd

way

at Ian: before Calecut,

and was the

firft

of the Europeans that found

to the Eajl-Indies.

But Qmftopher Columbus, five Years before Gama's Expedition to the Eaft, had
been employ'd in Weftern Difcoveries , which proved fo very fuccefsful, that
he found no lefs than another World
which foon after from Americus Vejj>u~
,

was

called Jmerica

So that the Divifion of the World;

the Antients,
concerning
which they had fo long err'd , and were utterly miftaken
(
) was
now made manifeft by Experience, and undifputable Demonftration for
formerly the whole World was known by no other names than Afia, Jfrica,
tius,

Chr-fiophr Cofuml^'i.

Dividing uf the earth*

and

but now, thofe three are found to make but one Part of what in*
the Univeffal Globe
becaufe in the South lies a fecond, known no fur*

Europe,

circles

by

ther than

its

Coaftings and Superficial Margents

;

New* World,
Here

the third part beino- the

our America.

will not Teem amifs

having proved that Africa was more than

Coafted by the Ancients, to ingage and fearch with fome fcrutiny concern*
ing this America-, Firft J Whether at any time 'twas known by the Anciit

And

qiieryj

known

\lAmhha wis

to the Ancients.

by what People and when firft Inhabited ? About the

former the Learned of thefe later times Jangle amongfl themfelves
for
fome of them will needs afcribe fo much Honor to Antiquity, declining the
ents

next

Worthy
and

Praife of thofe that

many Ages

made

fo wonderful a Difcovery, as if they of old,

before, had done the fame, or at leaft, that this

them was not unknown, maintaining this

thority of what they find
both in Ancient
,

efpecially in the
Atlantis,

Learned

flato

who,

as

to

bold Aflertion from the Au*

Greek and Latin Authors: Firft.,
their

you know

lying beyond the Straights of Gibraltar

5

two

New*World

at large,

whofe Coaft

is

defcribes a

New e^^T

PhtoinCa,h

fiirrounded with

Sow'd thick with fcatter/d lllands. By thefe Seas they

imderftand the Atlantick and Southern-Sea, by the many Ifles, Cuba, Hilpaniola,
Jamaica, California, and others, which lie fprinkled along the Coafts of America.
But it cannot be made out, that <Plato defcribes ought'but a Fancy his owri
,
Idea, not a Countrey that ever was, is, or mall be,though
he fets it forth fo Accurately, and with fiich Judgments if he had taken a
Survey of the place, and
vaft Seas that are

found fuch

Land

indeed.

Inlike manner, Diodorus Siculus undertakes to prove,That America was known

to the Antients
telling a Story
how the Thenicians were driven by a Storm
;

from

XlhJ.Sic.]xb.6."

AMERICA.
the Coafts of Africa

from

unknown

ther

AriflJe Mircmdit in

Ma-

turn audit if.

Ifland

Weft-ward, falling

which our

C & ap.

at laft

upon

a great

and altose*

Expofitors take for America

late

Muft it
therefore be fo ? Surely not, for it is onely a bare Story, without any Proof or
the leaft Teftimony. They endeavor to make Anftotle bolfter up their opinion
that he had a knowledge of this New-World, which with no fmall pains they
pump from thefe Words cc Beyond the Herculean Pillars certain Qarthaginian
" Merchants penetrated the Atlantick Ocean fo far, that at laft they found a
,

cc

vaft, yet

un-inhabited Ifland, producing nothing but Herbage, Plants, and

" WikUBeafts, yet

interlac'd

<(

feveral forts of Fifih, lying

ec

to flock thither

with

many Meandring

Rivers, abounding with

fome days Sail from the Continent; they Landing,

tc
found a Soyl fo fertile, and Air fo temperate, that there they fetled, and were
the firft Planters of that Ifle. But the Carthaginians having intelligence thereof,
" Prohibited all Perfons whatsoever, upon Pain of Death, to go thither, fear*
" ing the place being fo much commended , all the People would be ready

"

tate their

But
pafs

own

and fo utterly unfurnifh and

debili*

then growing Common-wealth.

how

could the Carthaginians find America

How

and deferp their

happen'd

without the ufe of the

Com-

that they were fo taken with the fertility of this their

it,

New-found-Land, when the Adjacent Countreys and Fields about Carthage are
every where Flourishing, and moft Luxurious ? So, that it may better be fuppos'd, that

what

Ariflotle

found fo long

GreauBrittain, than America.

Greeks

may

rather be the Canary*Ifles, or

having then alfo made fome Inflection

They would alfo make you believe, that Virgil the Prince
of Latin Poets, had known the New- World in thefe Verfes jEncid.\ib.6,
into the

&mid.

The

fince,

lib. 6,

Brtttifr-Ifles.

oft promts' d us before,

Tl?ere, there's the Trince ,

Divine Auguftus Caefar, "W;o once more

Shall Golden

Days bring

to

to

t//Aufonian Land,

Sae cula,qui rurfus

Suns

long Trogrefsphere great

Laden with Golden Stars,

America was not known

Latio, regnata per arva

Saturno quondam, fuper &. Garamantas

& Itfdos

Proferet imperium. Jacet extra fidera tellus,

Atlas

bears,

the glittering Sphears

;

to the Ancients.

quern promitti faepius audis,

India extend,

'Beyond the .Annual Circle^ and beyond

Tl^e

eft, tibi

Auguftus Cdfar, div urn genus, aurea condet

]\ingdoms that once old Saturn did command,

And fh all Hi* power

Hie vir, hie

But what of all

Extra anni Solifque vias, ubi

ccelifer Atlas

Axem humero

ardentibus aptum.

Who finds

torquet

ftellis

any of thefe Writings, any Marks of

America, or the leaft Defcription thereof? Though we cannot deny that the
Antient Sages and Wife Philofophers of former times might eafily make out,
and no queftion did,that the Earth and Sea made the perfect Figure of a Globe -

from

this

in

round Shadow of the Earth that Ecclipfes the Moon- the different Rifings and Settings of the Celeftial Luminaries; and the ftill Variation of the Pole; fo that the Earth and Sea making one Ball, they might
firft

the

eafily conjecture,

might be Inhabited as
well as the Nonh
But all this was more grounded upon Natural Reafon and
Right Judgement, than any Experience of theirs or the leaft certain knowledge thereof, which fince thefe later times had the firft happinefs to obtain
;
that the South-fide of the Equinoctial

fo laying thefe Conjectures afide, there have been

and

fo utterly miftaken in this

ally the Fathers

LaUant, I.3.C. 24.

none more grofly erroneous,

Point, than fome of the Ancients, and efpeci-

of the Church.

Laciantim Firmianus, and St. Auflin , who ftrangely jear'd at as ridiculous,

and not thinking fit for a Serious Anfwer the Foolifh Opinion of Antipodes, or

another

Chap.

AMERICA.

I.

World beyond

another Habitable
fays

liner,

heigh-day

What, Forfootb ,

grow downwards, and

to

But

into the

it

At which

a fine Opinion broach' d indeed

is

Sky

Foot

"toalk

There , yes,

^ains, Hails, and

to

an Antipodes

Foot with us

their

Heads

Trees loaden with

~very likely, the

upwards

SnoTfrs

Droi-

Laciantius

the 0{oofs

and Spires of

of Mountains, point at the Sky beneath them, and the fivers reVers'd topfi-turVy,

Cities, tops

ready

Equator

people imhofe Feet tread loith ours, and

downwards j and yet drop not

Fruit

here

the

flow into the Air out of their Channels

Teeming witty Obfervations of Laciantius

thefe

for a Jeft, yet are not

grounded on any ferious Reafons

being Globular, making one Univerfal Ball

Body

though they may ferve

for the Earth

Laffant. error concern-ing our

and Sea

Materials whatfoever that

all

by a natural Propenfity towards its Center

fo that where=ever we Travel , our Feet are downwards and our Heads upneither need they fear, that any
wards, the Sky above, and the Earth beneath
11
/^1
n
*
11
ahwhere the Earth mould Moulder and drop into the Clouds But St. AuJUn
Reafons better, admitting that the Earth and Sea make a Univerfal Globe 5
belong to

this great

4wS/nfr

fink

t'i

'

'

-r

As

r*

yet

no way follows

it

that inhabited Countreys

mould

z\o St.

A ufin.

rO'-

V.i>i.i<j.c. ? .

lye oppofite to our

which is our Antipodes

and fhould we allow, that there were Land and Water
is all nothing but Sea
mixt as ours is, who could prove, that they were Peopled ? or bow could any
get thither, over fuch Vaft and Immenfe Seas f or poflibly pafs the extream
?
And
heat of the Torrid Zone, not to be endur'd by any living Creature
what then becomes of Sacred Scripture, which fays pofitively,TW all Men n>ere

Northern

nay, altogether impo/Jible

feeing that fide

,,

from Noah and his three Sons * Therefore

the Nations of the Antipodes muft be of another Abftract, there being no poffi*
bility (as they fuppos'd) of pafling from this World to that But fince the Dif*

deriYdfrom

Adam,

and after the Floud

covery of the Eaft and Weft-Indies , Experience, the bell Miftrefs, hath taught,
that in the South are mighty Lands and vafl: Territories, and that as far as they
have been Penetrated, are found to be full of People , extending their Dorni*
nions from Eaft to Weft.

yet long before his time

Truth ,

and Romans,
thus

And though

divided

Qcero

the Earth

St. Aufiin
,

under

Tliny ;
five

deny'd this

now well-known

and others amongft the Greeks

Zones 5 which Virgil defer ibes

Fm Zones the heaYns infold, hot Sun-beams bat

Always on one, and bums with raging heat.
,.
L
,_-.
11
jr
Tfoe two Extreams to this on each hand lies

Quinque tenent caelum zonae :quarum una corufco

Semper Sole rubens,& torrida femper ab igni
:

extreme dextradasvaquetrahuntur
Quamcircum
^~
.

Caerulea glacie concrete, atque

Muffled with Storms, fetter d ith cruel

*.

lmbnbus

atris.

j^

Ice.

'Twixt Cold and Heat, two more there are ,tV'aboads

mediamque> dnx morta libus aegris

Ha$
Munere conceffe divum via feda per ambas,

Afiignd poor Mortals by thTmmortal Gods.

Obliquus qua

fe

fignorum verteret ordo.

and the Prince of Latin Orators agree , who faith,

You fee, That thofe that inhabit the Earth dwell, in Countreys fo feparated'
<l
one from another that it is impoflible they fhould have any Commerce 5

With

Virgil,

<Pliny,

cc

fome of them are our

<x

their Feet againft our (ides, others, as

"

how

Antipodes,

Heads downwards, fome

we, with their Heads upright. You iee

walking with

the fame Earth feems to be Swath'd about with Rolls,

feparated

by the other

three

are at utmoft diftance one

ing equi-diftant under the Vertick Points of

f

their

Snow and

Ice

Heaven

but the middlemoft and greateft

is

of which, two

from

the other, ly-

always covered with

fcorch'd by the violent

C

heats

* s
f^
%
**.
S6

*v*.

AMERICA.

3
"
"

Sun Two Tracts are Habitable, one

other North, which we Inhabit.

heats of the
des, the

And

P//'ylib. i.

Chap.

to the

South

I.

our Anupo*

though againfl the Vulgar Opinion, this truth

round about inhabited, and that people walk Foot to Foot

alio affirms,

fliny

" That the Earth is

* in moil parts thereof; though every one be
ready to ask why our Antipodes drop
" not into the Sky which queftion, our Antipodes may alfo ask concerning
us.

But although the Ancients upon thefe and the

Demonftrations well un*

was a Habitable World towards the South under our Ho*
yet they could not make out or believe, that there was any poffibility
to
like

derftood, that there

ri^pn,

And, according as St. Auftln conceived , That the Earth produced

nothing under either Pole, by reafon of exceflive cold , and that the
Equinoxsor Mddle*Zone, was not to be penetrated, becaufe of the infufferable
heat.
And Macrobms faith, " That the Equinottial Circle,the Jrtick and Antar tick Line s'
y
" bind the two Habitable Zones, and make Temperate by the exceflive Neighpafs thither

1
Macrob. itiSomne Scip
lib. 2.

boring Heats and Colds and thefe Countreys onely give Animation
" comfortable Enjoyment to all Living Creatures.^
;

Moreover,

That People
Cc

How
mote

beafis

came on re-

Iflands.

fome

St. Auftin in
,

and

own

places feems to clear his

they could find a means to Sail

if

Doubts, faying
thofe Vaft and Undifcovefd

might make Land, railing new Stars under another Sky.

A Learned Father, fearching after the Original of all forts of Beafts which
multiply by Generation concludes
That they muft derive themfelves from
Seas,

thofe that were fav'd with Noah in the Ark. But how
came they to the Hies >
To thofe adjacent and near the Main Land, they might eafily Swim to the re;

moter,they were Tranfported.

And

chiefly the wild.

But
cures

til

this

lit

comes

for

Doubt

is

Humane

to pafs

not altogether cleared, for the Domeftick and other

Creaufe and Suftenance were thus brought thither
Yet how
:

that Voracious

and Wild Creatures are alfo found there, fuch

as Wolves,Tigers-,Lions,and other Beads of Prey ? This puzzle
putting St. An(iin to a ftand
he had no other means to get off, but by faying, that by God's
it

Commands or Permiflion, the Angels convey' d them thither If fo, why mighc
not God pleafe to Plant Men there in like manner, and the rather,
the Earth being created for Humane ufe ? But what needed this
when Men can in Ships
Tranfport themfelves
either of their own accord for curious Inqueft, to find
new Countreys, or elfe enforced by ftrefs of Weather, to far remoter, and alto

Attftin is contradicted.

How

men came

to

new

Countreys,

gether

unknown Lands

Befides, though the Earth

is here and there divided

by large Bays and vaft Seas, yet neverthelefs, in other places it is all continued
Land, or at leaft parted by fome narrow In-let or Sea fo that there
was no
:

difficulty for a

crouded Plantation to go over

other Countrey,

till

then not Inhabited

fteafons

why Amtrica was

unknown.

and fo

eafe themfelves in

from Adam, or nearer, from

as well as we, were extracted, that Inhabit this our
other World.
But one queftion is to be obfenrd , How firft after the expiration
of fo many Ages in thefe our later times , a New-World was difcover'd
,

unknown
Who

firft

fail'd

on the

Ocean.

Several opinions of the

Anticnts concerning it.

an-

therefore none need to queftion, but

Noah's three Sons, Sent, Bam, indjaphet, thofe,

that

fo Jong

to the Antients

when

they in

trie

altogether

greatnefs of their Parts

and Un-

dertaking, Prowefs and Prudence, were no ways inferior to

the Modern, and
every way as fit for great Defigns and grand Exploits ?
We need not fcruple or
make the leaft doubt, but the Sea hath been Navigated of old but the
firft at;
tempters fet forth unexperienced, in as pittiful and ill-contriv'd
Veffels.
The
Heathens afcribe the Art of Navigation,
duel:

of N^eptune

fet

forth a

Navy

firft

to the Cretans,

who under the Con-

to explore Foraign Countries.

But

Pliny

long

AMERICA.

Chap,

long before gives the Invention of this Art to Erythra, King of Egypt, who upon
Pieces of Timber, conjoyn'd and brae'd together, crept along the Shores, and
ventured to Difcover the
Trojans,

But others give

that

honor to the

and Miriam, when with a Fleet by Sea, they Invaded Thrace

Invention

Samothracians

from Egypt

Erittains
firft

amongft the
Inventors of Naviga-

tion,

were

fir ft

to Greece.

Others

that Dan&us before all

But without

Contradiction,

all

found a way by Sea

2s(oah's

Ark was

tern or Sample, that fucceeding Ages imitating, built their Ships by

more probable, becaufe

his Offspring

forced to jnlarge their Colonies,

fettle their

Others,

who made little VefTels of Leather, and were the firft that by
found how to Float upon the Waters
Some plead, that the

to the <Brittains,
this

the G(ed-Sea.

Illes in

multiplying fo

by pafling

Seas,

that they

faft,

the Pat-

and the

were en-

and other broad Rivers, to

Super-numeraries there.

So Ja/on Invented a Ship, which he call'd Jrgos, which Sefofiris King of Egypt
took as his Pattern. Next, the Biremis, a Galley with double Banks of Oars,
Was made by the Erythreans with treble Banks , by the Corinthian Arnocles the

of the Quinqueremis
5

brought them to twelve Banks

fe-

things belonging to

Shipping.

addition of the Quadruple, the Carthaginians boaft

Alexander the Great

The firft In venters of

veral

IS^efichthon ,

(ptolomy Soter, to fifteen i

them to thirty
ftolomy Philadelphia to forty
and laft of all, Thilopater rais'd them to fifty Banks of Oars. Hippus a Tirian, was the firft that fet Ships upon the Stocks
the <%Jiodiajis a Ketch, and the
<B at avians a Boat
the Copes made the firft Oar
Dedalus the Maft and Boltfprit;
Ti/cus the Beak
the Tyrrheans the Anchor
Tiphys the Rudder
taking example from the motion of a Kites Stern
Icarus found Sails, fancy'd by the Poets
for Wings,though fome afcribethat honor to his Father Dedalus.
Minos was the firft that Ingag'd in a Sea*Fight, whereby we may eafily conjecture, that of old none adventur'd far into the Offin, or to remote Countreys,
Demetrius, Antigonus Son, doubled

not daring to

truft their fo Height contrived VelTeis.

But

thefe later times

Why in former Ages no

remote Countreys were difcover'd.

have

ftrangely and fuddenly irqprov'd this

not to that height at

TheTyrians

firft

growing Art of Navigation, yet pitch'd

as boldly to adventure^ and loofe fight of Land.

ffTft,

underftood

how

to Steer their

Courfe by the North-Star,

and when dark and foul Weather had Clouded the Sky
ther fee Heaven or Earth
but onely Sea, they directed
,

Wind

and

if they

they follow'd

doubted the change thereof, they

let

that they could nei-

their

Courfe by the

fome Birds

flie,

whom

fuppofing that they flood directly to the neareft Land.

But
thefe are but poor helps, and blind Guides to fnew you Land from the middle
of the boundlefs Ocean. It is certain, that the Romans in the time of Julius C<efar
and Auguftus ftretch'd the Bounds of that Empire Eaftward to Euphrates , the
%hyne, and the Danube., and Weftward to the Ocean and Mount Atlas , Sailing up
and down the Mediterranean, with great Fleets, which ftoutly endur'd the vio*
,

The manner of the Antients Sailing.

Of the Komausl

lence both of

Waves and Weather

once to think or look after

by feveral Eruptions of the

made them not fo hardy, as

new Worlds. But after the (Roman power decreas'd,
;

but

all this

Goths, Vandals ^ Huns, Normans,

Lumbar ds, and other

Northern Countreys, which fwarm'd with People, that overflow'd all places
like a Deluge, fo that Europe was every where puzzel'd and Imbroyl'd, their
whole bufinefs confifting in conjoyning Forces to withftand fuch bold Invaders,
and fo vexatious an Enemy.

And

farther Eaft,

Afia

was

at the

fame time

little better,

ftill

trembling

Alarms and Incurfions of the Scythians, Terjians, and Saracens and

afterwards the Turks growing upon them more than any of the former, expected no other than a fad Gataftrophe, fo that the known World had too much
at the daily

Why America
ly

known.

was fo

late=

^
^ME\ICA
work

cut out for

them by

C1,P ,I

thefe Diftra Aions

and Alterations of
Governmen
then to go in Quell of uncertainties, to find
they know not wnere,another.
where
h
n Zu
^
c* 7
zAAeA I
Here alfo
Hcic
alio is added
by St.
what an antient Writer faith,
Great care ha

mmi.mf.-t. EFhef.

jW,

been ta.en in Computing the

Mb ours

not

Lands

Or may

(as Clemens

make

that

Jge

of'this World

mentions

that fecon

World

0r * , ,

,/

^^

*^
^j Adam J
/ri

-,

rather Metaphorically he taken

for Worldly Jffavrs,
the Air, ruling
the Hearts of the Children
of ifobedience *

^=r" %

BUC

<*** and

*&>

M
CoZ^
^ ^^

<fc fa another

in his Epifflles;

no

it

That

>

ern d hy fhg

belt in their kind of

Latin Writers
be a habitable World under
our Horizon, in h
Southern Zone, beyond the extream heat, and
on this^de of the

f^> may
there

concur

^pe

31

But what fignifics all this to the

Difcovery ofjmerica, which
under the fcorchmg Heats of the

lies not oneb

but
,
under the Frofts and s!

,
probable
TOb
,s that
rhVr
,
r
!
Dl
is
which o</pic*
P

0baA the

'

Eauinox

4** *nd **mick-*oks Yet ieis

v.f^r^
lefs
Jf
Leo, ar
i&^^jMAM/^ijr;;
rJw ,* f^
AHguJttne
Fner
takes
out ofObadiah as if that Prophet
tWfsthelLtofi^d
i.a v r
in the
rhe three
^ m lalt
ropnetin
^ /^^;^Phiii- ms
Verfes o
u\r
n
u
r
r
f>rnh
ophecy mould
fpeak
of
the
J ^>, wr
Spaniards, which mould
"iuuia not
nor onely
ohpIv j;r^
diicover anc
^n
Cnnmirr J-,*
,r ^>
&nKn*,*ndXen- ^oncjuer America, but alio Convert cnc
the inLaDltant:s
Inhabitant* to
m tne
r^ r/
c
/>"/?** Faith, becaufc
l r
iwi #/i
J;

3r
LIloie cnac are
And
oepharad
^
lhould *""cru;
f
Inherit and
r l o
ana Pr>n%f
oiieis ^uthe Cities of
the South,
'f'hechdrencji^ijhiii^jo.;^
?

/0

ftmes:

'

the fields

fields

u or

(p

of E ?

h and the

of

jam,,

ti* captivity,

G! iead.
c
this hop

;/r

C.
f p ld
U

^ 1U11

~;,-

...

fl

even unto Zarephath, *i

the captivity of Jerufalem,
which is in Sepharad, Jhall

'

tOJMgetUe

lAlOtMtattd Wealth

'

Rnf
UL rprM*
certainly
^
--

/^/

Ubadiah

meant

no other than thee Refl-anrarmn

r
^f the jews from
rveitaurationot
^/
Mc^
tLac
f
lf r9riri
t V. a
captivity
or baby Ion, who after their
*.*
*>%*
return mould
flhonld amm
r
grow ^^.
more powerful
mountofE^and
^^,u
jl
n^^
s thpn
m
*
n
evei
^d
they,
led
domjhiubetheLo^s
by their Met? as, obtain the height of *H f,\l
po^ifi the

dues of the

fouth.

zion,

.-I.* a-

t /;s

taking-

PA7P,-

'

ds of che

Earth

It is true, that the

therefore he concludes
quefts

m America

That

that Oiaiiab Prophefi'd of the

would prove

io they

^Mns Expound S^arai to

firft fi,ld

that

S^W,

and

it

and

th{

was lo^g know^

b^e

the ul of the

&T, which from the

Sw had no indited Courfe to the Strati
of ZeILn
from whence he might Lade his
5
Veffels with the Gold of
^/l
whofe
D
fo,pt.on ,t ftall be manifefted
that <Pem is not
as fome wh ^ t f^

^,

0^

But

as

concermng King

foonfa,d,butnoteafil

mW

SoWfs

y p r0 v'd

for
;

fdom and Learning, and was

of"" f f H

finding out the ufe of the

Mnnet

though that Pnnce exceeded

all

perfect in the Operations

""'fr^"

^^

?'
th Cedar of I,fc,,to
the
Hyfop.and the meaneft Shrub that

yet

nothmg

makes out

that

be loft

in Solomon's

time

how

when he afcribes the knowledge of the

Cmoafs to
MftotU of which he himfelf makes not the
leaft mention
neither GaklilZ
nny,
Jf^fienfis,
Lucres, nor any of the ^Jn, Greek,
Jatan i
other Countrey Writers
whatfoever.
Some give the honor the erf to an
heP erd
d Shooes b nlfuU
" M0m Id"> Wh fe C1
ofH
of Hob-Na,ls,
rM't the fIron iflicking
faft to the Stones on which
he flood, ftopt his

W.

miftakes

Man-k Ld
and knew he
" P >*>. "'-

grows upon the Wall

he knew the Myftery of fhe
Navigable ufe of

and if this excellent thing, the

Comfa/i, had been found
came it afterwards lo utterly to

Menus Magnus

it is

"^

motion.

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

Amonaft which

this

of the

Load*Sto?ie,

and other

Theamedes a Greek Author,

Secrets of Nature,

Attracting Iron, as being

of the Magnet, of which

forts

and the three

many

although the Antients found out

And

motion.

II

forrve

fince,

well

draw

will not

known

its

proper Food;

Steel,

Properties

found by

Yet they

never attained that knowledge, that the Load-Stone would eafe Pain and flop
the efrufion of Blood, though the edge piercing the Skin, opened the Vein as

Stlrange

operations

on himfelr and others, which he had from LauGuafeus, a great Chyrurgeon. Much lefs, that the Needle of the Compafs
touch'd by the Load-Stone, on the Northflde of the Equinox, refpe&s the

Hieronhnus Cardanus experienced

rentius

beincr

North
faftly

but depreifing the As

towards the South

tick,

But

and railing the

far lefs

Aniartick Pole,

dreamt they of

its

it

Ds

feveral variations,

-i-i

Varixice of the

'

vietan

Sea=men which Vafques

tical

who

liv'd in

who had

SaiFd

Mathema*

fuch a juncture of time for

Learning, that few Ages boafted the like

and were Contemporaries,

Mofa?nbique,

when, and by whom

Compaiswas found.

whereas Gama's Expedition was above a hun*

thofe Seas by the ufe thereof;

dred years after Melfim

Gama met with near

de

Com-

Genebr.d.Chron.

to reach America. So that Jofeph de Ac oft a miftakes, who

together irnpoflible
-T
O

gives the honor of the raiding fo great a benefit to Navigation, to iome Mahu'

',

pafs;

Eaftward- by which we may abfolutely conclude, that without this uieof the

Loadstone, firft found by Flavius MelYms a J\eapohtan,m the Year 1303. it was al'"n

[ubtilitate

looks as fled-

according to the Coafts that are pcateft; as when you come from the Idand del
Cuervo, the Point varies more Weft; but Sailing towards the Equinox, it varies
'

For then

flourifli'd in England^

befides others abroad, Richard Wallingford, P{icolas de

Lynna, John Halifax, Walter Brine, John Duns , and John de Lignarus , all eminent
in Aftronomical Arts, belonging to Navigation, and doubtlefs, no fmall helps

happy Inventionwill relate what hath been held

to Melfius in this his

Laftly,

We

as a

feeming Teftimony, (that

was known to the European? before the Birth of our Saviour) by an an(
tique Meddal of the Emperor Auguftus, digg'd out of the Ground in Peru j and
which may well be reckon'd with the like
fent to his Holinefs at %oine
'America

Cheat contrived by Hermicus Cajadus, Anno 1505. nea^Sjwfn*, a Town in Portugal, where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Characters, concerning a Prophecy of difcovering the Eafl* Indies by the Tortuguefe, in the Reign of King Ema*
nuel, were privately bury'd under Ground, and not long after, by a pretended
accident digg'd out, which made fuch a buftle amongft the Learned, that feveral tired themfelves about the explanation of the fuppos'd Sibylline Pre-

diction.

fttf>

C H A
Of the

Original of the

how

'.

Bout

Point

find
;

cans firll fettled

for

^V ^r J$(K J&\ ^^jj?Jv '*(% ftd $\ ?\ *\

whence they came

when,

and from what Teople Planted,

the Original of the Americans

they

r$t

II.

P.

Americans

tk\

nothing more

the

in

difficult

whether inquiry be made

themfelves where they

Learned Difpute

now

Story, than

after the

time

io rnuch, that

to

when

inhabit, or after

clear that

the

Ameru

what manner

they came thither, either by Shipping or by Land; on putpofe, or accidental*

}fl driven

by Storm, or

elfe fore'd

by a more powerful People,

d*

of

eLoaditonc

to.

remove
from

^WmM

di%ufed

the

AMERICA.

12,

from

their old Plantations,

more

curious, asking the

New

this

World

or

deriv'd themfelves

way

II.

or if any one fhould be yet

them out of another Countrey to

thofe People, from whom the Americans

that directed

enquire for

elfe

He

and feek for new

Chap.

will find feveral Opinions

and the Learned

ftill

Jangling.
Voyage

/.

The

8.

Doubt is concerning

firft

the time

Mr.

Turchas, where-ever he had the

Hint, endeavors to prove, that America hath been but lately Planted

for

which

he thus argues, "That if Afia, or Europe furnifh'd America with People in Abra" ham's time , or at leaft before the Birth of our Saviour
then it muft upon
;
CI

The time when America

Was firft Peopled.

by

necellity,

cc

lous, then the Spaniards

(c

Territories^yet unhabited (fays he) are fufficient teftimonies, that this

"World hath
"

many Ages

fince, elfe

"
"

there

ie

been Planted but fcatteringly, and not

New

Countrey would have more abounded with Inhabitants, becaufe the fertility of the Soyl was able plentifully to maintain Millions more, then were

The condition of the firft

World after the Floud.

many Ages, have been much more Popufound when firft they difcover/d it. Befides, the vaft

the Expiration of fo

the

when

pie by, in

firft

difcover'd

any Countrey

And what Marks are

better to

know a new Peo-

than a rude Life and unfettled Government

juft

Family removing to another Houfe,which takes no fhort time to fettle

" their Goods and Houfhold-fturTin a handfome and convenient Order.
" When JS^oah went out of the Ark on Mount Ararat, a,nd not long after, faw
like a

u his Seed fpread over Armenia and JJfyria , the new Generation of People conu lifted in Shepherds and Husbandmen , that fetled themfelves near Lakes and
" Rivers. Villages, Cities (and much lefs) whole Kingdoms/were fcarce found
cc
on the Face of the Earth, and as little of Trade or CommercejRicheSjDivifion

-i

of Lands,coftly Garments and Furniture for Houfes-,were not then in ufe,but

a the works of long fettlements in happy Peace. To curb growing-Wickednefs,
cf

'and the Pride of

Libertines,

who

incroach'd upon their weaker Neighbors,

Laws were invented by which Bridle, the unbroke or wild World grew
cc
tamer And firft;, the Ajfyrians were brought to endure theBit,and anfwer the
" Reins of Government then Egypt, next Greece, and after that the ^oma?is, who
C
ipreading their Power by Arms and Martial Difcipline
firft civiliz'd the
" Gauls, Spain, Brittain, and laftly Germany.
cc

But becaufe a Countrey or Paftoral Life,knowing no Commerce,but mean

Hovels, and to dwell in Huts, priding in poor and no Habits defpifing all
" greatnefs, unlimited by Laws, and all things elfe, (which the People obferv'd
" prefently after the Flood) is now found among the Americans who will take
11

cc

CC
CC

them
ledge

for
?

ought

cc

boaft., that

to that

Land,

they are the eldeft there

Thus

fand Years.

Spaniards

Truth

firft

far

Mr.

all this
;

Turchas.

Mufter of appearing Reafons

is

arrived there

habited before

not able to van*

For, grant that America was not very Populous

muft

this

needs prove

that

it

ny

when

was never well

the
in-

Perhaps the Civil Wars, which have been always deftructive

to this Nation, have

much hindred

caufe their Salvage Nature

contradicted.

and other Countrey s towards the South, had their

Colonies, and yet the oldeft Chronicles of Mexico reckon not above a thou*

quifli fingle

Fur (Us

acknow*
and that from

as themfelves

Chika,

Chili,

But certainly
,frm was Felled ma-

new Comers

but

For the Mexicans

" them, Vera,

cc

elfe,

the increafe of People

and the more, be-

Man's
And fuppofe fuch Prodigal Excefs of their
Flefli Broil'd a very great Dainty.
Humane Bankets were not us'd in America, as indeed they are, Is it wonder, that
fuch a great part of the World, not onely exceeding Europe in. bignefs, but Afia
is

fuch, that in feveral places they account

alfo

'

Chap.

AMERICA.

II

alfo ihould here and. there have a

of Land uninhabited

their Barrennefs, be ufelefs, as

by reafon of
midft of the

Trad

mod

Populous and

fertile

many

fuch places are found in the

But above

Countreys.

Thefe mighty

all this, it is cer-

day (notwithstanding alraoft innumerable thoufands

of Indians formerly Slain and Maffacred by the Spaniards) is fo well inhabited that it may ftand in Competition with either Afia or Europe. And
how could fuch vaft multitudes Plant the far*fpreading Countrey of America,
tain

that America to this

without the help of many Ages > Moreover, This truth is not without fufficient Teftimonies 5 when any one looks on the Iflandswith which America lies
incompafs'd , he may fuppofe they did not willingly go from the Main Conbut were driven thither by Wars among themfelves, or as
happens, becaufe of the vaft increafe of the Natives , the Coun*

tinent to the Iflcs

moft times it
trey muft difcharge its burden.
Hereto is added , the feveral Languages us'd in America, as in Europe or any
whereby we may eafily guefs, that America
other part' of the known World
was Peopled prefently after the Confufion of Tongues at Babel. Furthermore,
;

Rude Life,go meanly Habited,be without ftately Houfes ;

as the Tartars,
fuch Cuftoms are even among us obferv'd by feveral People
He
Numidians, and others , which made their Antiquity be calPd in queftion.
If the Americans live a

muft needs have no knowledge of the Arts and Mechanick Sciences us'd by
Arthe Americans, who concludes, that they fetled but lately in America. One
gument at prefent will be fufficient to contradict them all and in the further
alfo

Defcription, the contrary will ne more manifeft.

Hieronimus Benfo relates, That he ftood amaz'd at the Gold and Silver Smiths

Amtriean Gold-Smiths.

without any Iron Tools., made Images, and all

manner of VelTels Which work they performed thus, Firft, they made an Oval
embody'd with
Crucible of a good Lock , round about Pafted with Earth ,
Powder of Wood Coals which Crucible being Bak'd very hard in the

who

in the Territory of Chito,

:

the

the Fire ; about which

Sun, they fill with Pieces of Gold or Silver, and put in
fo long,
Handing with five,fix,or more Pipes made of Canes,they blow the Fire
fitting on the ground, run it into Moulds
till the Mettal melts, which others

of black Stone
Laftly,

Though

low that
among our
,

and

with

fo

little

what fhape they pleafe,

Mexico can reckon but a thoufand years, muft

the Inhabitants are

felves) have

ly Fabulous

trouble, Caft into

/few

no older

How many

no longer Regifters, and

Nations boafting truly

ment, not onely contradicts

(as

we

if

their

therefore fol-

famous places

they have,they are

own

Original

fuppofe) Mr. Qurchas, but

bing the Plantation of America to our

it

even

common*

which Argu-

all others

afcrn

later times.

Sect. L

% TN the next place,

-* ther, whether

Ways

if

they

thofe Coafts

The

firft

let us

by

how

enquire,

Sea, or

Land

made an Expedition

the Americans

Both which

were tranfmitted

are feafible

thither, as Difcoverers, or

by ftrefs of Weather.
is moft unlikely, and not feeming

poffiblc, for

two

thi-

'

feveral

were driven on

how

could they
the

thorow fo vaft an Ocean, to Countreys they never heard of, without

Compafs, and other Neceffarie's for fuch a Voyage ? for when firft difcover'd 3
knowing no furtheir want of experience in Shipping for fo long a Voyage,
they willingly
ther than the ufe of final! Boats or Carirtsj plainly expMey iMi
Steer

-.."

"

After what
Inhabitants

Steer'd

manner

of

the

Amtrtctn

<lA

M E %^

Chap.

J.

II,

from a known World, to an unknown with no better accommodation

but fome probable reafons may be made out, to induce us to believe, that
they were rather driven thither by Storm.
But fome will fay, How liv'd the little Boats, and how indur'd they in iuch
a continual Temped, and were not either fwallow'd up amidft the Waves or
fiarv'd for want of Provision, which their hollow Troughs could not conSteer'd

tain

The firft doubt is

Examples enough by which appear"

the leaf}, for there are

that oftentimes great Ships Bulging,are overset or funk in the Sea by foul
Wea.
ther when the Mariners efcape in their Cock-Boat; and if they were
but thinly Vi&uard for fo long a Voyage, queftionlefs, that little which they
had/they

fpun out, and made

which
ihn

u.

cjiz;

JEs^T^***"

man

fair

while the impetuous Storm fhortned the paflage,

Weather would have made much longer.

fliny tells us

it laft,

of Junius

General of the

Tlocquius,

Sla ve.s being Enfranchiz'd

<I{ed-~Sea,

That one of

his

down

towards the Arabian Gulf, was carry'd by a violent Temped: from the North, beyond Qaramama and
on the fif,
teenth day came to an Anchor in Hippuros, a Haven o[Taproba?ie which
Ortdius
y
judges to be Sumatra
but Mercator and CluVerius, on better grounds, Zeylon,
,

Sailing

which

is

In like

with

no

lefs

than three thoufand

manner,

Northerly

EngliJJ?

Jofeph de Jcofta tells us

Wind from

fhorter, durll he have born

Miles.

That

in fifteen days time,

the Qananes to America,

more

Sails,

and

his

which may partly

he got

Voyage had been

clear the

former

doubts.
The Peruvians opinion
concerning anti.ent SeaVoyages.

Moreover, the Peruvians themfelves give fome fmall Teftimony (in their antient Records) of afew that Landed of old upon their
Coafts, which were (as
they fay) mighty and cruel Giants, committing much Bloodfhed,
Slaughtering
the Natives every where

and having fubdu'd the whole Countrey,buift (lately

Edifices, of which remain yet the Ruines of fome Foundations,
very Artificial
and Coftly. They alio fhew near Manta, and Puerto Vid^ many huge
Bones (as
;

they

Chap.

M ERIC

vf

II.

A.

they believe of Giants, three times longer and thicker than an ordinary Mans.
They alfo tell us, that many Ages fince, one lea and Arka SaiFd leftward thi*

blown up like Bladders But however, without ^<A

contradiction, the. Americans never knew, much lefs built any fuch VefTels,
their Balfas,
with, which they durfl venture to the Offin, out of fight of Land
(periao-os^nd Canoos, will not all amount to the Bulk of one of our fmall Barques^
upon Sea Wolves

ther

Skins,

*-

xatA.i

'

wherefore the Inhabitants otTumbe^, when they defcry'd the Spanijh Fleet, fent
to difcover Peru, were amaz'd at the high Mafts, fpreading Sails, and bignefs
of the Ships, judging them firft to be Rocks, cafl up out of the Sea but ob;

ferving them to approach their Coaft, and that they were full of Bearded-Men,
thought the Gods were walking in them ; by our Modern Poet, Mr. Dryden in

Americans,

his Indian Emperor, thus Elegantly defcrib'd.

Guyomar
I went in order, Sir,

To View

To fee

to your

the utmofl Limits

Qommand,
:

World

(Billows , breaking on the

is

To fiake
At

loft,

Upon

06

far

the Sea,

as I could

jfnd'at their %oots

Like Bkifh Mifts

Mont. What
That float

%ain

Guy.
rife

All

which fill appearing more,

ObjsB, I could firft diftintlly View,

Was

tall fraight

Divine Monflers y

in Air,

and

fly

turnd
their

Sure,

'tis

their fides,

to each other Jpoke

Words break out

their Voice that

in Fire

noife,

and Smoke.

Thunders from on high,

thefe, the younger Brothers

Deaf With the

No

upon the Seas

and

the Shore,

Trees, which on the Waters flew

ye Gods, Were thefe,

Alas, they liYd too Jure, Iheard them roar.

Ifaw

Mont. What Forms did thefe new Wonders reprefent t Or

Guy. More ftrange than what your Wonder can invent.
Tin

grew floating talaces,

they alive or dead upon the Shore

Came

caf my Eyes

Took dreadful Shapes, and moYd towards

Whofe out-blow n Bellies cut the yielding Seas,

Earth again.

fomewhat, methought did

Breath the Winds could blow

>?.

Clouds that dipt themfehes in

their Fleeces on the

all the

of Leases did grot)?,

found)

ground

'But diflant Skies, that in the Ocean fet

their fides, inflead

Which gather d

Where, for a while , wy Eyes no Object met,

And loW-hung

Montezuma.
Wings on

of the Land

that Shore, where no more

But Foamy

to

I took my

of the Skie,
hafty Flight,

Mortal Courage canfupport the Fright.

But the refolving thefe Doubts, darts a harder Queftion, vi%. Grant that the
the Beafls thither !
Americans were by Tempeft driventhither, How then came
humane ufe, as Dogs for to
It is certain, that thofe which are beneficial for
Hunt, great Cattel, Sheep, for Food, and other Neceffaries, might eafily be carand other Cat*
ry'd thither, for fo the Spaniards brought Cows, Horfes, Swine,

Spaniards

and Sheep

cany Oxen,

to the

American

Ifles.

tel

and

alfo

Poultery from Spam, to the new-difcover'd

Iiles,

Cuba,Hiq>aniola,

and La Dominica, when at their arrival, formerly nO four*

footed Beafts we^found there, whofe fertile Soyl hath fo multiply'd their
and breeding as faft, do great hurt
increafe, that the Doggs running Wilde

Jamaica, Margaretta,

to the Grazing Herds, which they onely (hoot for their Skins, leaving their
Flefh, the beft of Meats, onely to Manure the Ground on which they lie.

The Tranfportingof tame and profitable Cattel might eafily be allow'd of,
but who would load their Ships with Lions, Tygers, Bears, Wolves, Foxes,and
tam'd
it is certain that fome may be
other Serpents and Voracious Beafts
*

before they were Ship'd.

How

pleafure
Lampridius relates, That Beliogabaks the %oman Emperor, took great
for with
in Domeftick Lions, "'and Leopards, to frighten his Guefts withal
;

the third Courfe, they wertrall brought in 5 and fate betwixt the Invited, a

Man
an

wild Beads

came

in Jmetica,3.nd the Ifles.

In vita HeUogab-ili'

AMERICA.

\6
Lib. x. cap. 17.
Strarge Hunting.

and

Bead.

The

Qmm,

Chap.

II.

an Eye-witnefs atteds Rides on

Hunting, attended in couples with tame Leopards. The King ofCamboja in like
a

manner

adds alio, That they went not unproor Goat, to give the Panther , left falling into his natural
fe*

Lamb

vided of a

as Taulus Venetus

with Panthers

ferv'd

is

great

Scaliger

by hunger, he mould make the Huntfme'n his Quarry, if he

had no other Prey. But notwithftanding fome wilde Beads feem to forget
rocity, provok'd

Voracious Nature, yet there ought great care to be taken in the Transporting of them, becaufe they oftentimes grow wild again , which France
can
witnifs., where two Leopards j a Male and a Female being tam'd
prefently
after the death of King Francis, whether negligently or on purpofe, let
loofe
ran into the Woods and near Orleans devour'd a great number of People,
and
their

stnnge accident of two

That fome Womens bodies were found, who were untouched, onely their Breads eaten by the Leopards, as if they took
them for
the daintieft part which is not unlike the antient Jens, who according
to Saint
Cattel

Gejner faith,

Aiv Jevin.

I.

2.

Hierom, entertained their Guefts as a moft delicious Dim , with

Womens
Breads, and Mens Buttocks Roaded. Befides, the devouring nature of
thefe
Wilde Beads, what profit could Tygers, Lions, Wolves, Bears, and the like

advantage the Tranfporter

ptiles,

thither over

tame

Were

And how came

the Ocean, that with

Serpents, Adders, and other

Re-

no Art whatsoever can be made

the fmall VeiTels jud laden with fuch terrible Creatures,

when
againft their wills, they were by Storm driven on a new Coaft ? By
thefe
?

im-

we may
and no other way,
poflibilities

judge, that the Americans came thither by Land

eafily

but how, and upon what occafion

mud

be our next

enquiry.

Sect.
Tvo rea r
the

people

re

^ fom
r

their Countreys
re ? s -

II.

f J-J lfl:ories generally gives us onely two accounts, Why People remov'd
^om one Countrey to another, either not, or thinly inhabited whe*
.

by

ther driven

force, or

of their

own

accord, fo to unburthen and give eafe to

their too Plethorick Countreys.

Thus the

bmifti'djajjanners forfook their Native Countrey, and fetled

felves in a defolate Soyl, iince a flourifhing Empire, mining with

Crown'd with
ted

Ifle,

their

Riches, and
dately Cities: So the BataYians took pofleffion of the
uninhabi-

lying between the <%hyne, and the Wael

Civil-Wars

them*

being driven out of Hejfen by

and preferv'd the memory of the place, from whence they

had
Original on the utmod Point of the Ifland , in the Villages of
Cattenwyck ,

for the He/fens formerly

not onely

fall

upon

name of Catti others that removed did

Neighbors, but made a way by force of Arms, cho-

went by

their

the

fing their Habitations under a temperate Climate, and

in a fruitful Soyl. After which manner the Franks enter'd Gaul, and afterwards
th+lS[onnans fet

France,

rors been called

faid,

by^lS
S
H,^but
k

myft iouny.

Conquered Countreys, have ever

France and Normandy
But although

fo that the

how

the Inhabitants of America remov'd

that the

yet

fince
it

it is

from the

upon
Conque-

cannot punctually be
without contradiction

The Opinions which they have

y firft found an cn Pty Countrey.
themfelves concerning it, are full of idle Fancies
Fird, they quedion their
Original from the Floud, which is fo well rooted in the memory
of all
'

Nati-

ons, that the blinded and

formcdly
truth

it

alcer'd

felf

mod

and vary'd

known

ignorant

tack'd

know fomething

of

up with additional fabulous

onely to us, but to

all

though de-

it,

Stories',

the

others loft in Oblivion,

Who

Chap.

AMERICA

II.

how

hath not heard of Deucalion's Flood,

Who

efcap'd in a little Boat,

thence Peopled the

and (as

World

'tis

17

Wife

his

and he only

<Pyrrha

landing on a Mountain, from

Fabl'd)

again, by throwing Stones backwards over their

Something of this feems to hint the true Story of Noah, his Wife,
and Children, from whom the defolated World was repleniiVd.
The fame they relate of Trometheus, concerning whom, thus Diodorus Sicu" They fay that the Nyle breaking through his Dams, and over-flowing
Ins
" his Banks, drown'd all Egypt, efpecially that part where Trometheus Rul'd,
Heads

.*

" where

all the

None

Inhabitants were fwallow'd by the Deluge.

can ima-

gine but that Diodorus by this makes mention of a particular Flood, and not the
their Heroes,
general one in Hoah's time ; for as the Greeks afcrib'd all things to
Therefore they have of
Egyptians in like manner did the fame to theirs
:

lb the

the general

Flood^made

a particular

one in

^,though

perhaps

it

never was

So that what is Fabled of frometheus, is nothing but a Part of the Univerfai

Delude; which the Name frometheus proves, becaufe it fignifies, Sprung from
Heann,3.nd is the fame with fyah> whom they hold to be the firft Father of all
Mankind fince the Flood, born of, or regenerated from his Wife Jfia and Jfia
and ib efpoufing ]>{oah, being fprung
ficmifies 'Earth, or The Mother of all things
from God, to Ararat, from whence defcended the Generations of Mankind,

FromttltM and Noah are

the lame.

'

and by degrees fpread over the whole furface of the Earth.

The Chimfes,Eafidndians,Japanners, and other People of Jfia and Africa, have
but hood-wink't under many
alio fome knowledge of a very ancient Flood
;

from whom feveral

Learned Perfons find no obfeure Confeflions of the Deluge, which thus myHically they have wrapp'd up, That one Viracocha came out of the great Lake
and fetled his Refidence uponTtagHanaco, where yet remain the Ruines
Titicaca
of ancient Walls, built after a wonderful manner At length removing from
They
Tiaguanaco to Cufco, he began to multiply the Generation of Mankind.
idle Fancies, not unlike that

which the Americans

relate,

MfcU.ci'Z:

Americans lay,
fliew in the foremention'd Lake a fmail liland, under which, the
__
r
the Sun fav'd himfelf from the Flood wheretore in ancient 1 lmes they iu*
,,

Strange Opinion of the

Americans concerning the
Flood.

Bloody

perftitiouily obferv'd that place, heightning their

Sacrifices

with Hu-

mane Slaughter. Others relate, That fix Perfons leap'd through a Hole out
of a Window, from whence all Men were fince Extra&ed and from that new

Increafe, the place (after the Inhabitants of the

Old World were

all

drown'd)

and therefore they hold the Tampo's to

got the Denomination of TacariTampo
derived, being the PriFrom hence Mangocapam
be the moft ancient Families
P L
y
mogenitor of the Tnca's or Kings from whom fprung two Generations, Hafcorc
Cu^co^nd Urim Cu^co. They tell us alfo,That their Tnca s,whcn they make War
5

Ongiuiofthe^^
Kingij and

their

Cuitom.

upon any People,

ritories are
ftor'd,

fay that the occafion, as they pretend, was, becaufe all

Tributary to them

being the

firil

juftly,

Planters of the

whom

from

New

World

Ter-

they were deriv'd and re-

and withal, That the true

Religion was declar'd to them from Heaven.

This Relation, though m'ix'd with Fables, mews (but very darkly) that
For who are thole fix elfe that
they have fome knowledge of the Flood
leap'd out of a Window to replenifh the Generations of Mankind, but Shem,
Ham, and Japhet, with their Wives
The .Americans can give but a little better Account of their firil: Original
and indeed it is no wonder, becaufe for want of Books they can relate nothing
certain, but only .what they have Regiftred in their ufual Quipocamagos, which
:

is

not above four hundred years old.

Jcofla

asking what Original they judg'd

they

Jmerk

FIood

is

u.

ken out of the scripture,

iS

m e^i c

<l/

** opinio,

a.

Chap.

II.

hey were of, and from what Countrey and People deriv'd
received no other
?
Anfwer, but that America only was their native Countrey, and
that they were
deriv'd from no other elfewhere,
But though the Peruvians are of this Opi*
nion y tz the M*"** are of another mind,giving the
Spaniards a far better Account when firft they came thither, wherein we mult a little
t

Jrf&o^**?

>

How

deviate,^.

they were remov'd from fome other place, as

Robert ComUus relates , who
with many Learned and feemingly true Arguments affirms,
That the Original

of the Americans muft be fought for either among the

Themcians,Sydonians,Tyrians,
or Carthaginians, being indeed all one People,
Herodotus faith thus of the Thenil

Lib. r.cap. 7,

cians,

" They

liv'd

of thtfydiSea

<<

Syrians. Fefius

formerly, according to their

own Relation,

along the Shore

from whence removing, they planted the Sea-Coaft of

the
Avienus the Latin Poet agrees with this
Opinion,where he faith,

On

the

Who

Phenicians

through the

Coafis the

Red-Sea

Ocean heats

changd

Sailing,

their

Seats.
Tl?ey were the
that
Ver.turd through the Seas,
firft

And

freighted Ships with richer Merchandise

Fair or foul Weather,

Sought Foreign Trade

onf^pt^rir

'A'ftotkbomzGreekWoid

t2&

bloo ^y with the Slaughter of

***

controule

diretled hy the Tole.

calls
all

They without

them

from their being red or

Landed on their Coaft but

Phenicians,

Strangers that

and fo indeed they are call'd Vhenicians, oxErythreans,

from Efau, or
Edom, from whom they are deriv'd
for thefe two Words, or Denominations
iignifie in Greek, fylthe two laft, the like in Hebrew.
(phenix himfelf firft planted all the Countrey lying
between the River Eleutherus, and
the Egyptian City Telufium
and afterwards Vamiata
wafh'd by the Vk//.
terrane
But fince, thefe Boundaries are alter'd, on the North,
by Judea
Weft,
ward, by the Mediterrane Southerly, by Egypt and
towards the Eaft by the
rather,

Defart

'

jirabia.

The

chiefeft Cities zxtVtolemais, otherwife call'd

Aeon, Sidon, Aral, Great Ca*
na, Sarepta, 'Biblit, Bothris, <Benthm, and their
Princefs Tyre, formerly fcituate in
an Ifle, but fince joyn'd to the Main-Land by Alexander
the Great.

None

can difown, but that the Themcians have every

where been Admirals
of the Sea
fo that they were formidable to the greateft
Princes.
When the
ferfian King Qambyfes came with a vaft Army againft
the Carthaginians, he was
fore'd to give over his Defign, becaufe the
phenicians rcfus'd to help him with
their Fleet, being allied to, and the City
founded by them But they not only
built Carthage, which ftrove with G(pme to be the
Emprefs of the World,but alfo
.

Htndot,

lib. 1.

Salufl in Igmihtt.

the

famous Cities hepm,

Tarteffm in Spain

and
w^MPoweroHhc

Lybia.

Hippo, and Adrumetum in Africa, with

Cadt^znd
nay, they lent Plantations of People into the
Heart
Utica,

oUberia

will not be amifs to add Q^Curtim his Relation,

who tells us
where-ever the fbenidans came with then- Fleets,
Landing theit
en they
It

" fubdu'd whole Countreys, and by that means fpread their

Colonies over the
known World Carthage in Africa, Thebes in Soetia, and
G^near the V/eftem
" Ocean. Anftotle relates, That they made fuch rich
Returns of their Mer

chandize, and chiefly of their Oyl, in

" all Iron Materials belonging to a Ship,
But

Spain, that their

Anchors, Pins, and

in ftead of that Metal, were Silver.

to return to our Difcourfe,

the Thenicians found America.

and difprove the former Teftimony, That

The formention'd ComUm faith thus- None
can

Chap.
lc

M E B^I C

II.

A.

I?

can juftly doubt, but that fince the Thenicians took the

" from the

^Jpodians, they

more and more

increased their Fleets,

tC

experter in Navigation, pa/Ting the Gibraltar

iC

Cadi^nd

ftill

Command

of the Sea

and growincr

Tcftimonies that the Americans are dcriv'd from

the L'henicians,

Northward, became Matters of

prepared new Fleets,which fearching beyond Atlas Southward,

" difcover'd the Coafts of Jfrica, and the adjacent Hies, driving a great Trade
" to the Canaries^ and to thofe which lay fcatter'd along Capede Verd, formerly
cc

call'd the Gorgades.

cc

Iberians,

This way of Trade

alfo

was not unknown

to the Greeks ,

and other People,- but after the thenicians afTum'd it wholly to

" themfelves, without any refpect or difference of Countreys, they funk all
" whomfoever they could catcru
Curtius further adds, faying, " I believe that
u the Thenicians, failing into the Main Ocean, have difcover'd unknown Coun

And which are thofe Not the Gorgades,ox Canary Ijles for thofe were
fufficiently known before; but a Main Land,far beyond. But though the theni<c

treys.

mod

Firft

Teftimony.

Is contradicted,,

enough to make out fuch Difcoveries.

They indeed were the firft that before any other fail'd out of the Mid-land
nay,they ventur'd a good way into the main Ocean, beyond the Straights
Sea
cians

were

expert, yet not skilful

of Gibraltar, or the Herculean

(pillars

But

how far

>

Not

to the Gorgades, above

way betwixt Spain and America but to the Cafiiterides, or FlemijJ? Ifiands,
which to the number of nine lie in fight of Spain, Strabo affirms this Truth,
faying, ic The Cajfiterides are ten, lying in order clofe by one another
One
"remains uninhabited on the reft live a fwarthy People. This way the
thenicians fail'd firft, when they were in cjueft for Trade, from Codify
And

half

Lib. 3. Geogr.
I'lemmijh. IJlands.

though he reckons

ten, there are indeed but nine,

V^.

St. Michael, St.

Mary,

St.

from the Mountain which vomits

Fire, Fay al, Las Flores,Del Cuervo, and Gratiofa. Moreover, the fame Strabo relates,
<c
That the Carthaginians did not throw overboard the Traders on the remote
" Gorgades, but thofe efpecially that came from Sardinia or Cadi%.
George } Tercera, de Pico, or Tenariff, fo call'd

Mean

while,

we cannot

deny, but that the Gorgades that lye before Cape

de

Lib. 17*

Salt-IJlands

how

long

known.

Verd were frequented by the Carthaginians, long before the Birth of our Savior-

Joan. Mariana de Rsb.

Hijpau. lib. 1 cap. 10.
.

but with fo much admiration, that Hanno their Captain in that Expedition was
lifted amongft the number of their Heroes, hapning thus
The Carthaginians
:

failing for Cadi^, to

alfift

the thenicians againft the Spaniards,

of War, which foon drew on a greater Defign

made

for Hamilco

that the Seat

and Hanno being

Impowr'd by the Senate at Carthage, manag'd the War in Spain. Both of them
were ambitious to difcover new Countreys. Hamilco fail'd along the Coaft of
and

Spain

thoufand

Men

fome place or
Cabo Spatil

Lix,

of

Trades

all

the River Ziloa,

purpofing to build a

new

City in

beyond the Promontory Ampelufium, now call'd

which wafheth'the City Arzjlla ; and the Stream

the Poets place the

ftody of a waking Dragon

Anchor

in his Fleet,

fteer'd Southerly, carrying thirty

other, and got

now Lujfo, where

to an

Hanno

Gaule, reaching to ftatavia.

in the

From

Mouth of

afterwards before the City Sola,

Gardens of the

thence proceeding on his Voyage, he came

the River Subur, at this day call'd Subu

now

call'd Salle, at that

gerous by the voracious Beafts in the neighboring

xeach'd the Foot of the

Hefperides, in the cu-

and

time made very dan-

Woods

At

laft

the Fleet

which ends at the Point Chaunaria, by the

Modern Navigators call'd Cabo Hon, becaufe it was judg'd, that none could
fcape with Life, that durft adventure to fteer beyond Chaunaria
yet Hanno
fail'd between Talma, one of the Canary-Iflands, and the Promontory Bojadoris,
lefTer Atlas,

towards the pointed Coaft

Comu Hefperium, but now Qape Verd, m

Omirabi
Here he found horrible Crocco-

call'd then

the River Jfama, by Caflaldus call'd

diles,

Very, remarkable Voyage of Hanno the Carthaginian, along the Coait of

Africa to the" Salt-IJlands.

20

M E %^I C

diles,and Hippopotami or S eZ'Viotfcs. Jtfama

is

Chap.'

A.

II.

held to flow from the fame Foun-

whence the Kyle hath its Original. In this Latitude Hanno defcried thofe
iflands which he calFd Gorgones (from the three defornfd Sifters Meduja, Sthe*
nio, and Euryale, whofe Heads were Periwig'd with curl'd Serpents) becaufe
they found as illfavor'd Women on thefe Iflands/which at this day the Hollanders
amongft which, the chiefeft is St.Jago, a Colony of The
call the S alt -Iflands
but the Mountains oppofite to the Gorgones, on the main Coaft of
tportuguefe
tain

Chariots of the

with fpiring tops near the River Majitholus Hanno call'd the
Gods, now nam'd Sierra Liona, lying in eight Degrees Northern La*

titude. When

Hanno and

jifrica, riling aloft

or covetous of Fame,

his

if

Armado,either provok'd by an undaunted Courage,

they proceeded in their fo wonderful Adventure, went

forward, where they reported, that they faw Rivers of Fire falling into the

Strange Vi^on.

Ocean, the Countrey

all

about burning, and the tops of the Mountains dazle-

ing their Eyes with continual Flames of Lightning, intermix'd with terrible

Thunder

adding further, That the Natives

all the

Summer

felvesfrom the exceffive Heat, in Caves under Ground

the night, run abroad with lighted
in their Harveft,

The Ancients

believ

all

their

them-

and coming forth in

Ground,

other Affairs of Husbandry

fo gathering

Yet Hanno no

from Sierra Liona Southerly to the

JBquifwx, where he difcover'd an liland not far from the jifrkan Coaft, inhabited
by a rough and hairy People, to take fome of whom, he us'd all po/Tible means,
yet could not
onely two Women, being incompafs'd by Soldiers, were taken, and carried aboard
but being very falvage, and barbaroufly wild, could
not be tamed, or brought to any Complacency- fo they kill'd them,and carried
their ftufPd-up Skins to Carthage, where they were a long time gaz'd upon with

ways daunted

Baboons to be Men.

and Officiating

Torches over

fhelter'd

at fuch ftrange Sights, faifd

great admiration.
The

Ifland St. Them.is.

This Ifland which Hanno then found, can be no other but that which we
call St. TI?omas, and hath a very unhealthy Air for Strangers, but elfe very
and the hairy People which he
fruitful, and abounding with Sugar=Canes
j

makes mention
large

thofe

of,

were Babeons, or Baboons, which

amazement of the Beholders, in great abundance

deform' d Monfters, more than any other Beaft whatfoever,
to the

Humane

of Provifion.

his

Voyage, being hind-red from going further

montuheGid sf

FUcd

becaufe

reprefent

for

Want

Five years he fpent in this Expedition, before he Anchored

again at Cadi^, from whence not long after he

Qarthage,

breeds

(nape.

Here Hanno ftopp'd

Hanno's Return.

Africa in this place

where he was

receiv'd with

no

lefs

fteer'd to his

Wonder

Native Countrey

than State, infomuch that

none before or after him ever gain'd greater Honor, feeming to oblige his
Countrey with the hopes of future Profits from thefe new difcover'd Regions
Nay, he received a Name, and was plac'd amongft their Gods in the
Temples, which he being ambitious of, promoted alter a ftrange manner,
:

teaching feveral Birds to cry, The great God Hanno

fpeak perfect, they were

pie, they every

let fly in the

where repeated

which when they cculd

Air, where to the admiration of

all

Peo*

their well-taught Lelfon.

This the moft remarkable Voyage which hapned in the time of the Ancients, confidering they wanted leveral Mathematical Inftruments belonging to
Navigation, and elpecially the ufe of the Compals

and
;

alio confidering the

length of the Voyage to Sierra Liona, whither never any durft venture before

Nay,

in fo

many A^es

after

Hanno, the famouieft Navigators which were

fee

out by the King of Portugal, fear'd a long time to cut their Paflage through the
Al^umotliai'

Chap*

M E%J. C

II.

JEduinotiiahLme

however

in

long Procefs of time,

Experiments were

clivers

made, which have

now

much improved

fo

the Art of Navigation.

years before the Birth of our Savior

Voyage was four hundred

Hanno's

21

A.

none have been further than Hanno, until the time the Tortuguefe
fafl'd beyond Cape de 'Bona Efperan^a, how could America be difcover'd by Sea ?
How did they (leer from the Salt-IJla?ids, or St. Thomas, out of fight of Land,
through the Main Ocean, to an unknown World Hamio himfelf, who was the
therefore if

Tefumony xhuAmerU*
1

alms"

?-

Ancient Navigators, not only crept along the African Coail,

which made him fpend fo much time but not daring to crofs over thofe wide
fpreading Bays he found, left not his hold of the Shore, and meafur'd and
flouteft

of

all

iearch'd every

was

not

it

winding

known

Inlet

and Creek

The more,

And

if

he found a

becaufe his Ambition carry'd

Name and

Reputation by fuch Naval Difcoveries.

on of

Expedition

this

is,

f liny

New

faying,

tells us,

to be feen which Hanno writ in that his African

And

World,

him on

why

to get a

riow true the Relati-

The Journal-Books were then

Though many of
Expedition
:

Moderns, following Hanno, have found

Obfervations, wherein he makes mention of

the Greeks, and alio of our

feveral

things contrary to his

feveral

by him, which none ever fince heard of, or any have feen, neither
1
there the lean Marks of their Ruines to be found.
This larae Relation ferves for nothing elfe, but to fliew that they feek in

Cities built
is

vain herein to give the

Honor of

Difcovery of America to the Ancients

the

do thofe Teftimonies fignifie that are taken out of Diodorm Stew

It will be worth our time to hear every
lm} Winy, fomponius Mela, and jElian.

And

as little

one of them particularly.

"
"
"

"Beyond

Diodorus faith,

Firft,

Ifland, feveral days failing in

Lybia, in

the

Ocean,

Circumference, having

lies

a very great

a very fruitful Soil,and

^ifg^;.^

fJ^S^

and moiftned by Navigable Ri*

pleafant Meadows,
vers, unknown in Ancient Times, becaufe it feems to be feparited from the
"other World, and was thus found: The Thenicians failing along the Lybian
diitinguifh'd by Hills,

" Coafl, were

feveral days

and nights

"

laft

"

pleafant Scituation thereof,

tofs'd

with perpetual Tempefts, and at

driven to theforemention'd Ifland, where Anchoring, and obferving the

made

it

known

to their Magiftrates.

What Man would take

And have
that for an Ifland, which far- exceeds die main. Continent of Afia
the Phenicians afcrib'd the finding of this New World to any * Whence then
But, how comes this namelefs Ifland to be Jmerica

iscontradia c j.

proceeds fuch great filence amongft

who

the Ancient Writers of a

whole World,

otherwife us'd to give Denominations to the lead remote Village, or

Mountain, or River
tC

all

Winy fpeaks after the fame manner, faying, " The Writers make mention,
that Atlas fifes out of the middle of the Sands,with a Shrubby and Bufhy top

towards the Sky, on the Shore of the Ocean to which he gives his Denomination That it is full of Woods, and water'd by feveral Fountains on that
" fide towards Africa, by which means it bears all manner of Fruit. In the
cc

" Day-time none of

il

the Inhabitants appear, all things being in filence,

the middle of a Defart

" And

befides

its

the

exceflive high

Approacher

Crown,

is

(truck with fudden

as in

amazement*

reaching above the Clouds,and neigh*

" boring, as they fay, the Circle of the Moon appears in the Night as if it
" were all in a Flame, refounding far and near with Pipes,Trumpets,and Cym*
i

<c

and the Journey up thither, very long and dangerous.

cannot underftand that fliity can mean Jmerica by this; becaufe himfelf, in

bals
I-

the

^;^

oUtl

the

firft

on of

Divifion of his Fifth Book, makes

Africa.

ger thereof,

Argument
Lib.

And

is

as to

his-

Chap.

II.

beginning with the Defcripti*

what

further concerns the ftrange Relation and dan*

a Utile before related in Hannos Voyage
and it is but a flight

to prove

it

America, becaufe

it

feems to refound with thofe forts of

Inftruments which the Americans were obferv'd to ufe when difcover'd.

Pomponius Mela being the third, hath no greater Arguments than the former.

cup. 4.

We

"

Strange Men.

hear (fays he) that utmoft People towards the Weft, being the Atlmticans,
are rather half Beafts than Men, cloven-footed, without Heads,
their Faces

cc

Cf

upon their Breads, and naked, with one great Foot, like Satyrs or Goblins,
which range up and down, without any Artificial Shelters or Houfes.

c
Lib. i-cap. iS.

Laftly,

JSS^Sr*
the

ME%JCA.

2Z

unknown world.

tWeen

Mian

feems to fay fomething,

MU" and Silems

when he

fets

down

the Difcourfe be-

out of Weofompw, where Silenus relates, " That Eu.

>

^\

a are Iflands
and that a vaft Countrey lyes beyond this
jfi ai an J
;
his tripple-divided World, mighty Populous, and abounding
with all other
r0 e9

<

Living Creatures,

'

as big again as ours,

and living twice

That they
wondrous rich their Religions, Laws, and Cuftoms, founded upon
" another Morality and Reafon, quite different from ours. They boaft
efpedaily of two great Cities, Machimm and Eufebes
the Inhabitants of the firft
"

are

as

long

C(

maintaining themfelves by driving altogether a Trade of War, muttering

up, and filling their numerous Regiments with feveral valiant Nations. The

"

Lifted Citizens

amount

in their Mutter-Rolls, all bred to Soldiery, to

" Millions, of whom few but fcorn either dying bravely by Wounds
" with Flint=edg'd Laths, and Staves, in ftead of Spears, pointed

two

received

with Stones,
not knowing the ufe of Iron or Steel, but fo over-ftock'd with Gold
and
" Silver, that they account it a Drug of lefs Value than our bafeft
Metal.
1

" Some Years

" as far as the

marcrfd into our World, a hundred thoufand ttroncr

Hyperborean Mountains, where being informed, that all
the Na'
" tions of our World, compared with them, liv'd in a poor and
defpkable
c

condition

fince they

as not thinking

them worth

Conqueft, they return'd. But

" the fecond City Eufebes, deals altogether in Peace, and its Citizens are
not ra pacious, but exercife Juftice, fo much affecting Morality and Divine
;

their

Wor-

"

fhip, that they conquer

Heaven by

lc

and Meeknefs and the Gods

themfelves are pleased to defcend, and advife with them concerning
their

"

Celeftial Affairs.

Who obferves

not

this to

Acquirements of Peace

the

Men,

the other, the Gods'.*

be a Poetical Relation,

are,

than thofe of

Nor

can

but that the Ancients believed there

their Piety

War

mewing how much

-

better

the one conquering only

more be taken out of Elian's Difcourfe

was another Habitable World to be our

Antipodes,

Thus

hath been difputed concerning the Original of the Americans ,whofc

Plantations from Tyre or Carthage by Sea, are found altogether invalid
Yet
far

cJZutns^ti we

lif

mth

the

A-

will fearch. a

little

further, to fee whether the People Analogize, either

in

their Religion, Policy,

It is certain,

Oeconomy,

or Cuftoms.

that the ancient Tbenicians liv'd in Tents,

and fometimes ex.

chang d eaten.up Paftures for frefli-, which the Americans to this day
obferve
by which it might appear, that they are of a Thtmckn Extract.
But why not
as well deriv'd from Ifymidia, Tartary, or the ancient
Patriarchs, who all liv'd
-

fuch an unfettfd wandering Life

Befides,the fbcmcians had a long time given

over Paftoral Bufinefs, for Maritime Affairsof greater confequencc,

not only
Merchandizing through all the World, but fending great Colonies in Ships
to

new

Chap.
new
,rate

AMERICA.

II.

Plantations

from

And moreov er , the Americans

23

could not fo ftrangely degene*

but would have built great Cities like them

their Anceftors,

of

'

which many were found in Tbenicia, but none of Antiquity in America.

As to their Religion, if it agreed with the fhenicians, it was the fame that all
theWorld profelVd at that time, and therefore may as well be extracted from
any other, as them 'Tis true, we find them inclind to Sorcery, and dealing
with Evil Spirits, as the Tbemcians, in which they were not only guilty, but all

As

alfo

both their Reli-

s ions

other Nations at that time.

Nav whv not as well tranfported out of Ma or Europe, wlitx'e were formerly
many the likeTamperers,and thofe that dealt in fuch Diabolical Sciences And
why not from Salmantica, where, as Laurentim Ananias relates, Magick-Arts

The Known world

for-

d* . d*m.

1.

3:

were publickly taught, and they commenced Doctors, and took their Degrees
The Devil alfo hath publick Worilhip amongft
according to their Learning
?

the Americans, and fo he had with the Tbemcians

whole World had dedicated Temples

yet not only they, but the

Here began Humane and

to him.

Infer*

i*.ub.5.

nal Sacrifices, fuppofing that Evil Spirits were delighted, and fo feafted with

Steam of Humane Offerings, whofe fweetnefs made them milder, and fo

intoxicating, lull cl them into lefs mifchief.
?
and the whole School of the Eaftern Magicians
How famous is Zoroafler,
*J
J
Nor can it be deny'd
In Mofes's time this Wickednefs had already took place
the

Dea-^or(b>

>

but that the

P'henicians carry'd their Idols in their Ships,

as Herodotus teftifies,

formerly

us din

all

the

now by

the

a ot-iim.

World, and

idols in ships.

" The Image of Vulcan much refembles the Thenkians Patacoioi^ which
" they plac'd on the Fore-caftle of their Ships.
In like manner, the Americans when they go to Sea, carry their Idols with
them i and the Ships took Name from the Image, which was either painted
or carv'd on the Stern, or plac'd elfewhere upon the Deck.

faying

The fame Cuflom

lates,
ct

ec

That he

Idol in

its

the Chmefes obferve to this prefent

fail'd

Stern

in a Chinefe

u with Aloe-wood, and

" Event of
<c

his

Looks, that

would

from Goa to Japan, which bore an

,

perfum'd

it

and other Food, inquiring of it the

Sometimes he judg'd from the Statues immovable

offered Birds

Voyage.
it

Francis Xaverius re-

the Mailer lighted Candles

before which

VelTel

fall

out fuccefsfully

and other times, not.

upon any great Exigency, as

ct
War, exceflive Heat, or Mortal Diftempers, by order felecxed one of the
" mod comely and beautiful of their Children, to be oflfer'd up to Saturn. And
C
That Saturn, whom the Phenicians call
Eufebius faith alfo out of Porphyrins ,
ic

Laftly, Porphyrins relates,

<

16
<
Cl
cc

<r

That

?**'*"* Amfttu\^\

the Phenicians

fry*, zvmg

ifl*..i: '.

Hugo Grotius read II, or El (one of the ten

Names of Gocl in Hebrew) which they alfo give to the Planet Saturn, who
when he Reign xl in Phenicia, having one only Son born by the Nymph Ano*
bret, and was in danger to lofe his Kingdom, being worried in an unlucky
War, he drefs'd him in Royal Robes, and placing him on an Altar built for
Ifrael,

the Learned Voftius and

that purpofe, facrifie'd

him with

his

own Hands.

And

Oblations are us'd in America, mufl it therefore

although
& fuch like cruel
follow, that they are derived from the Phenicians, when ieveral other People are
_

guilty of the fame

Nay,

there

is

fcarce one

fome time or other perform 'd fuch inhumane

their Religion

for the

mod

Countrey, which hath not

at

them Zeal

in

Acts, feeming to

eminent of the Heathens

(criipled

certainly are held to be the Perfians, Greeks, and Romans

abhorr'd^ though committing

Humane

not

at

it,

Men and
,

which

ana yet they were not

Slaughters.

This holy Butchery and Religious Slaughter of Mankind began

in

%ome

in

the

for Sacrifices

children ufed
by the Pheni-

and other People.

Who forbade
icing

M E%I C

qJ

24-

the ktffi-

the

Emperor Adrians Reign,

us,

and

The

Eufebius.

fo continuing

which

Greeks

J.

Chap.

the time of fertkUian, LaBantiinhabited the utmoft part of Italy, emtill

ploy'd themfelves daily in Sacrificing Strangers to Saturn,

and fometimes one
another. But at laft this formal Cruelty became a ridiculous

Cuftom

of Men.

II.

for the

Romans by fevere Edids ftrialy forbad all fuch Humane Offerings:

Yet that they
might retain fome memory of their former Sacrifices, they order'd
thirty Images to be made of Rufhes, which every year on the
fifteenth of April, were by
the <%pman Priefts and Veftal Nuns, to be thrown from
the MilYian Bridge into
5
the Tyber.

f
I

Lib.de Superfiit.

Moreover, Mmethon

That the Egyptians in Heliopolu us'd

to offer
three Men at once to Juno
which Cuftom was obferv'd .till King
Amafis order'd, That in ftead of Men,they mould ferve her
with Wax Candles.
Queen
to the famous Xerxes, caus'd twelve Men to
Ameftm,
be burri'd alive,
relates,
;

an Oblation, to pacifie and oblige Tluto to maintain

them
Grandeur.
as

Rer.

Perfic.

I.

Trocopius relates

" times

ic

lit^.fiS, 8

of the People about the Arabian Gulph, " That

they oftenSacrificed Men to the Sun.

The

Indians,

faith

fompomus Mela,

Gent

kill their

neareft Relations and Parents

before they decay by Sicknefs or Age, and judg'd

" Feaftand Banquet themfelves with

Lib.

in their prefenc

it fit

and moft Religious tJ

the Entrails of the (lain.

The .Albanians, as Strabo relates, offer yearly one of

Moon.
TheTame Mela relates of itheTauri, That they us'd to

their Priefts to the

Throats of
whenever they came near to the Place of their Sacrifice.
The Egyptian Idol Typhon, as you may read in Manethon, was daily
made redhot, and living People put in, and broyl'd to death.
But to pa'fs by feveral other People guilty of fuch bloody
Idolatry,
cut the

Strangers,

Lib. i.eaf.

How

did the Altars ere&ed in the

Woods

in Gaul and Germany, for Taran, He/us,

Teu*
and Woden, continually fmoke with the Blood of
Humane Expiations ?
Of which Ckfar faith thus in his Commentaries " The Gauls are a
very Devout
" and Superftitious Nation
and therefore when any were dangeroufly
fick
" or likely to be worfted in Battel, they vow'd to feaft their
Gods that fav'd
'them with Humane Flefli , and if need were, would make
tates,

Bill.

Gall Comm.

themfelves a
thankful Sacrifice to thofe that help'd them off in fuch
an Exigence.
Con"cerning thefe bloody Rites, they confulted and imploy'd
the Vruydes,

by

" whofe advice they all believ'd that no Victim was fo acceptable
to the '.A^u mens, as pourUout Humane
Blood, but efpecially that of Malefactors-

which Dainty if they could

u the Lives of the Innocent.
xReg.j.v. 1^,17.

Laftly,the

was

too

Holy Scripture

fore for him, he took

through even

to the

fhould have reigned

IQng of

not procure, their Gods muft be treated with

faith thus,

the

IQng of

vith him feVen hundred

Edom

in his ftead,

When

and

but they could not.

offered

Men

Moab fatv
that drew

Then he took

that the Battel

Swords,

to

break

Son, that
him for a Burnt- offering on the Wall.
bis eldejl

Thefe Teftimonies are

fufficient Witneffes, That the Ancient

Heathens exprefs'd the height of their Devotion, and fury
of mad Zeal, in fuch execrable

Rites, as to this day the like

others

Wherefore

Americans are deriv'd

for that they

it

is

can no

from the

praftifed by the Indians, Chinefes, Japanners, and

ways be a fufficient ground to prove, that the
fhenicians, becaufe

were ufual Cuftoms

of their

Humane

Sacrifices,

in all Places.

The

1
Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

^1

borrowed from the fimilitude and likenefs

Comtozus fets down fome Words, vj&,
of the fbenician and American Languages
a Mother, Anech
a
the fhenicians call'd a Mountain, Abila $ Blood, Edom

The third Proof

they offer us,

Third teftimony. That

is

the Americans are deriv'd

from the Phenicians

be-

-,

-,

With the firft. agrees the American AnthMaid, Hellotia Water, Hew, and j^wx
with the fourth, H<?lwith the fecond, Holedoncb with the third, Jnam
la
But thofe that will thus corrupt the
lotie- with the fifth, ^we, zndjame.
Words, may as well make the unfeemliefl Comparifons. It is certain, that the
fbenicians and Tome of the Americans call a Cup Jfuri and Red Wine, Belafa
But does it therefore follow by this, that the one is extracted from the other f

caufe their Language agrees

Is contradicted.

How many Names do fignifie all

one, amongft People that never had any

This proceeds only from meer accident Or elfe if

fome Words of one, found like the fame Words us'd in a remote Countrey,
and be of one fignification, mufl they therefore be derived from one another ?
Then upon neceffity the Greeks, Latins and Germans had their Original from the
Hebrews, or the Latins from the Greeks or the Germans from the Latins, or the
Converfation together

the

firft.

from

on the contrary, the laft owe their Extract to

Teftimony, and to give you a Pattern, pick out a few

from the Germans

tperfians

will as a

a greater

How

number.
difference

little

The

or,

many Words between

there in

is

and

the Greek

Gree%_

and Hthrevt agree

Church=Congregation Sanhedrim, the Greeks

tne Hebrews call
Xvv^&ov the Greeks for J advife, ufe t^'Ow , the other nH2
,W ife-men Zopbei, the other 2 0i And lefs difference there is between SymphoHebrew

Hebrews

call a

<p

and

niab

Xv^ovlcc,

And who alfo

well fet Lejfon

For there

and

Shekar

Menfura, a Meafure
Lionefs, Sabbeca

Spiritual

Hymn'.

will not find a near refemblance in the confonating of divers

and Hebrew Words

Latin

or Tfanterin and %a$mv,

is

little

Saccarus, a fweet Moiflure

and Sambuca,

a Chopping*board

Tefa and

LeVya and Lexna, a

<Pajfus, a (pace.

Then ftarting over the Greek and Latin, the Teutonicks would likewife pro*
duce many Words which have the fame found and fignification with the Hebrew

as Chobel,a Qtble

Ethmol and Etmael, Watching

;

Hebrew

Arets ,is in Dutch y Aerde, or as

Hor/e

Levy ah and Leeulo,a Lion

our Dialect the very

our

Engliflt Skinker,

properly

(zme,l{ijfe

we

Soffowi

and

SW and Scbadea ,Damages

from ferving of Drink

gf/

and

?/;^rt

and

Language of Gerthe lew,

Ceuntreys-, and other Nor-

many

Britain

thern Nations.

(Pee/t, a

2<Q^ and Ifyjfenjn

whence we derive

Schenken, a giving,
;

5
(

Likewife the" Teutonic^

the great

the

Sotten, Fools

in Englifh,Eard Lands

State and

X*

and

difference betwixt Mefurah

Alfo the Hebrew and

an Image

See/d,

for $*(

perhaps becaufe the Images of Heroes or Lords were

fignifies Lord,

worfTiipp'd by them, or

elfe

becaufe

JS[inus firft

erected an Imrage for his Fa-

ther Belus, or Bel, to be worfliipp'd.

up the Confonancies of
the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, and their featherings among all Languages where
ever their Empire fpread, the one being indeed borrowed from the other, as
It

would make

a large

Volume

to reckon

it felf,

all

Words, with fomefmali Alterations of

guages

but alfo without the

I do, by Ago

the

-,

Englifh, Branches,
tina,

or Qortine

by

a Camel,
Calix

mos

For not only the

Letters, fignifie the

fame in both Lan-

Languages that deal or have any converfe together

Eight,

I carry,

by

by

by Bracbium or Bracbion, in
by Tbiale a Curtain, by Cor-

Cup,

by Mus
Fero,

Linttm, or

a J^nee,

Deceit,

by

a Mother j

a ratling Hoife or Sound,

by Genu, or Gonu

Dolus, or Do/o*

orfhero- the Pronoun

Lwow

Latins exprefs

an Arm,

Otlo

and Braces 1 eat, by Edo a

Merry, by Hilaris, or Hilaros

Camelus, or Camelos

and

Greeks

Gr and

Latin Tongues

agree.

a Moufe,

Fkv, by

Number

Both

leaft alteration.

by

I,

.,

H^o

Bowl or

by

Clango-

Chalice,

by

Houfe^by Domus, or Do-

by
wo^ by

a Lion,
;

A&ttrjj or Merer

eo, or Aew?
nunc, or

##.>

Abrah. Milii, %.ing, Belg.

c. ?,

6, J*

M E.%,1 C

i6
theNiht, by 2fyx, or

Nux

by

d %&ek*ftone ,

Chap.

A.

!fctt

Scora^ or

^ WcKritome, fey

II.

T^,

by Thefaurus, or Thefauros
tfce WMf, by Fesje* Hoar, by How
J trcmMe, by Tmwo
Father,
many Words more, that are of one fignifi*
ra otHefl>tr*i and an innumerable
Sfcomwa

1W

Sc^K

by

Boat,

/a
by

or Skaphe

cation in both.
Pbenician and American

Tonques have no

lirrulitude

not the hundredth part of the refembhnce found between

the Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
the American and fhentcian Tongues, as there is between

Now if

there

is

forementiond Examples, which notwhhftanding

can there
cannot be obferv'd to be deriv'd from one another, what teftimony
do not differ ?
be in five or fix Words, which only have a few Letters that
But fuppofe that the agreeing of the fhenician and American Tongues could
Original from the firft,
ferve for a teftimony, that thefe laft People had their

and Dutch, according

Americans mtich divided

and People.

in bpeech

to the

then there remains another doubt, V*4

the Thenicians for their Fathers

To know

what

Americans

becaufe their Countrey

almofl ftand in competition with

acknowledge

fo big, that

is

other three parts of the

all the

it

may

Known

World, being divided by fo many Nations, which differ not only in their va
them not having
rious Cuftoms, but alfo in their feveral Languages, moft of
Nay, often times the Inhabitants of one
the leaft likenefs one with another
the one
Province differ fomuch in Dialed, that, according to fetrus de Cieca,
:

In America one Tongue

is not at all like the other.

cannot underftand the other.

Writers concerning the
John de Laet obferves out of Peter Martyr, and other
fpoken among
WettTndies, That there are feveral Languages and ftrange Words
the divers Inhabitants ofAmericafor the Hurones call a
Tzpntecontli

the Inhabitants ofT^ew^etherland, An onft

the fads, Boppe

the Figures

Efcate, Teni, Hachin,

Com,

Nyffe, tiacha,

TeDoyn, Tage,
AJfe, Cayere.

Dae
WyVe

Moreover

generally with

other

One, Two,

all

Sionta- the Mexicans,

the Brafiltans, Acanga

Three, and Four, the Hurones

the Mexicans, Ce, Ome,

let,

Nahuy

thus,

tell

Sankikanders,

ttfe

the Jaos,

the <Brafdians, Oyepe, Mocoy, Mocapir, Oirundi

Ternwaw, Tagyne

the Canadenfers,Notaovi;
is

Head

the Natives of Hcw-Hetherland, Onfat, Tiggani,

the Hurones call a Father Ayft an

mNe^Netherland^agina-,

in

the Mexicans, Tathli

Br afile, Tuba

And

fo it

other Words, which agree not in the leaft one with the

fo that every Territory hath not only a feveral

Dialed, but

in

many

Places'theyufebefides two, three, or more diftind Speeches, not relating in

the leaft one to another, in one Province, by which the People inhabiting
Towns and Villages are diftinguifli'd. The Mlanders difcover'd by the Spam*
Decad.

and deftroy'd, have left few Words behind them yet Peter Martyr fets
down fome of them, which were formerly us'd in Hiftaniela They call'd
Heaven Tuns a Houfe, 'Boa Gold Count a good Man, Tayno. It is worthy
in their Language, but what is fpoof obfervation, that they pronounce no
ken with a Vowel, and then give it a ftrong Afpiration, like the warbling gut-

ards,

5.

Be
1

laft.Orig Amer.ohf.$.

y Chain of the Hebrews.

Our laft and chiefeft Teftimony

tural
Gen. 9

v. ij,

t6 } 17.

Canaan, a Savant
"be the

J.

Laft Tefti monies of the

Americans F.xtraft ft om the
Phenictans.

Mofes,

who

fays thus in Genefc, Curfed be

unto Us 'Brethren.
of Servants frail he be

Lord God of Shem, and Caojtaa

frail

Moreover he fcid, Blejfed

be his Servant:

God

ft?

all

mlarge Ja-

Canaan fiall be his Servant. And

Thefe Scriptures are explain d as a
in the next Chapter, Qanaan begat Sulon.
Teftimony of the Americans Extract from the Themcians, which they ground oil
The fhentcians are Qanaan s Succeffors from Sidon^
thefe following Reafons
who gave name to their chief City. Tubal the Xttue ot Japhet, whofe Tents
phet, and he frail dwell

Gen. 10. v.

is

in the

Tents of

Shem

and

God

promised to enlarge, and that Canaan fhould be

his Servant, planted Spain,

Thtf

Chap.
The

defendants from Sydon,

Tbenicians,

ards fpning

from Tubal, of

Sydon, of Canaan

from

Japbet

wherein

-,

(bould be Servant to
cians

M E%J C

II.

Japhet

(fay they)

Peopled America

the Spani-

Prophecy of Mofes, That Canaan

that

feems a great miftake, fo to derive the Pbeni-

it

Canaan, for they are Extracted

knew not how

when he

ask'd of Jacob, That

to call the prepared Pottage

by

its

ft^ed,

proper

on Mount Seir, z part of the Stony Arabia,

and on the Coaft of the (t\ed-Sea, gave denomination to it, becauie that Sea
was much frequented and Navigated by his SucceiTors. The Greeks call it Ery*

Name

And Edom

fetling himfelf

who

Is contradicted.

Franc. Burmau, in Geri.

from Sbem, Heber, Abraham, and Efau,

firnam'd Edom, from his faying, Jdom, Adorn,

That ^ed } becaufe he

ly

have fubjected the Americans, defcended from

is fulfill'd

but

A.

Phenkians deriv'd from

EJau.

fame with Efau, and likewife fignifies %ed.

That Th^nix and Erythros have the fame fignification in the
Hereto is added
Greek-, So then, thefe Idumeans taking the name of Tbenicians, from the great Thanix, fpread themfelves far and near under mighty Kings, by Navigation in the

from

tbreum,

Erytbros

is

the

^ed-Sea, and

from thence Planted

feveral Coafts

and

Iflands,

removing

at laft

to Syria.

King of Edom, Mofes reckoneth to be 'Baal-hanan, which name,

by tranfpofing the Syllables, the famous Carthaginian General Hannibal bare.
Moreover, it may eafily be demonstrated, that the Thenicians Extracted from

The

feventh

Heber, have formerly fpoke Hebrew

removing,

their

for the

of the

in the Stony. Arabia.

and
St.

fince Jrabick; for they

Jerom faith, the Twiick

mod part with the Hebrew And St. jiufiin tells

us, that

Qarthagtnian

words

are Hebrew. Elifa,pido, the

firft

Gen.ji?.j 9 .

dwelt before

Tongue

agrees

many, nay, moll

Foundrefs of

Carthage.

Com. in Jer. 1.

4.

c.

i f.

/Pf. 1j6.VoJfOrig.Utl.
'.c.j

Punic^ Tongue.
HthrfW.

proves this , for Elifa or Eliffah with the Hebrews, denotes A Lamb of my God
and Dido, A Lover, But who can find the leaft likenefs, between the Hebrew or
Jrabick Tongue with the .Americans ? Laftly , Since the ^henicians acknowledge

what then concerns the Americans , the curfe of Canaan fince

no more Extracted from Canaan, than the ^benicians ? Thus much con-

Efau for a Father,

they are

cerning the Thenicians.

Some would

from the Jews others , from the ten

Tribes of Ifrael, carry'd into captivity. The ground of which Opinions is,
That thzjews and Ifraelites were fcatter'd amongfl all Nations therefore they
conclude, that America was alfo Peopled by them, the rather, becaufe the an*
derive the Americans

If the Americans were defrom the Jews-, or the

riv'd

ten Tribes of Ifrael,

tient

Jews and Americans were of one Complexion

and went a

like

Habited,

both going without Shooes, onely wearing Sandals, and an upper Coat over
a fhorter Linnen Veil. Both are humble, quick of apprehenfion, and obliging,
yet Valiant
cans

But

it is

certain, they

change their Habit, according

go not

cannot be

like the Jews, becaufe the Amer'u

as they live in cold or hot

Countreys, and

in the leaft like one another.

That he faw

Father Immanuel relates,

a ^rafdian, not onely ftoutly

party good againft three Portugal Soldiers, but had

worfted them.
Laftly,

which

Is contradi&ed.

it

make

his

not been by meer chance ?

What Ceremonies of Religious

are ufed in Judaifm

The

Rites are obferv'd by the Americans^

Jews indeed have tranfplanted their Circum-

amongft divers Eaftern People, and have they onely forgot the firft Ceremony and fignal Badge of their Religion in America which yet not onely
cifion

they, but thofe Mahumetans and other Sectaries punctually obferve

This makes evident

their fcatterings

not bring them to reach America.

fcription o the Jews

The one

The

about the Face of the Earth, but will

Sacred Text

lets forth

a two-fold de-

before the Birth of our Saviour,

when

they
liv'd

Jews difjribution.

AMERICA.

z8
i

Pet. i. t?

liv'd as

Grangers in

Stadigtr in Notes ad 2Z. T.

Chap. XL

gonitis, Galatia, Cappadocia, Afia,

and

Bythinia.

jerufalem

was

their Metropolis, although others

andria-} for there

was an

had their chief refidence in "Babylon, and Alex*

and a European difperfion
thofe of Jfia had

Jfiatick

Babylon for their chief City, and us'd in their Synagogues the Chaldean Tranflation of the Bible. The Europeans kept their Seat at Alexandria , where they had

Temple

like that of Jerufalem

and whilft they employed themfelves in the

Greek Verfion of the Holy Scripture , by the feventy two Interpreters , under
(ptolomeus (Philadelphia , they were call'd Wandering Greeks
Therefore , certainly

Joh. 7. 3S-

from

the Americans are not deriv'd

thofe,

which by

and with as little reafon from

the deftrudion of Jerufalem were driven inthefe 'jews

Titus Vefpafian, after

to feveral Countreys, for they

words of St.

L.dt Idolo.vanhate.

Cyprian) to fet

were never permitted (that I may borrow the

forward one flep, though but as Pilgrims, towards

Native Countrey, but fiddly forbidden not to affemble or meet together in any confiderable number, which would have been necefTary, if they intheir

tended to Plant a

new World.

A fmall feeming Teflimony

added

is

being taken out

fourth

of, the

Book

of Ejdras, that the ten Tribes of Ifrael that were carry'd away by Salma?iajfar
with their King Hofea to l^ahalah, Habor, the River Go%an, and the Cities of the
Medes, might be acknowledged for the firfl Planters of America
Concerning

2 Reg. 17. 5.

^^f

40541542 ' 45 '

w ^ich,
that they

Eflras

kith thus, The

Jhuld forfah

the multitude

Inhere no Generation of

Laws, which

they

ten Tribes brought over into another Countrey,

of the Heathens

Mankind had

had not obferVd

ever

UVd

before

Countrey

in their

and travel
,

confulted

remoter Countrey
y

to a

there they Tvould maintain their

Whereupon they went thither

thoroTfr

the narrow entrances of the

"Ver, till they

were pa ft

^iver Euphrates, for the Almighty ftopt the Vdins of the (^jover for throw the Countrey was a lt>ay of a year and halfs journey 1

therefore that Tract of Land

is

call'd

Aflareth, then they

UVd

there

the last time.

till

But fmce thefe Books ofEfdras were not Written by a Prophet, either in the
Hebrew Tongue , or allow'd by thzjews to be the Word of God, or any where
taken notice of in the

m
jl'om

New Teftament

than any other remoter Countrey

k
'

l6

'

in

St * Hierom

(who

ten Tribes of

Ifrael

wherefore then

is

Jffarcth

more

America

certainly had a peculiar

,

becaufe he livd in

knowledge of the condition of the

Afia , and held Correfpondence with

thz jews, that he might perfedly learn the Hebrew Tongue,) relates, <c
That
the ten Tribes (St.Hierome liv'd about the Year four hundred, under the
Erv

u
<

peror Theodofius) underwent great flavery in the Cities of Medes and

To that this flrange

*w?'

#4

Voyage

Terfit

which mull have happen'd long be >re

St. Hierom's time, may be Recorded amongft the
other Legends of the
Rabbies, concerning their Behemoth and Leviathan, who lock'd up the S01 Is of
thofe that fleighted their Laws, in Caves under ground, as Efdras.

'

condluonof the

And how

litcl e

to AJfareth,

opportunity the

ifraelites

had to remove

fince his time,

may

appear by the horrible Deflru&ion that was made for feveral Ages together in
Terfia and Media
for although the ferfians became Mailers again of the Realm,
;

Conquer'd by Alexander the Great, whilfl Alexander s Succeflbrs invaded one

another, yet they were continually in War, either againfl the Romans, or elfe
the Indians and other Eaflern People
nay, the Saracens wrefted the Scepter
out of their hand, though but for a fmall time
for foon after
breaking out
y

into Factions amongfl themfelves

Mehhjor Soiterm
Turc.

de Kel>.

blifh'd his

Throne on

their Ruines,

Muchumet

Suhitligenes,

Imbrael's

Son, efla-

and incourag'd by fuch iucceCs

Arm'd
with which
,

himfelf againfl the Indians, and made ufe of the Turks afliftance,
he fubdu'd the Babylonian Jrabians
After which, the Turks, not without greac
:

ilaushter

^i

MER

Chap. IL

Crown on

{laughter fee the Pcrfian

bloudy Commotions
Brother Qitlumujcs

from

Zcngis Qban brought

Head

their

1$

which immediately

totter'd

King of Perfect, clafliing.with

the Blood of a Civil- War
till at

for Tangrolipix being

made

I C J.

Te'rfia

fwim

in

Army, Anno

Tartary lo great an

by
his

laft

1200. that none durft

make oppofition for the Turks forfook Perfea afcer a Conqueft of fix
Ages, and made their own way for new Quarters into Carmania, Phrygia, and
(Bitbynia, whence they made iuch incurfions on the Greek Empire, that at laft
flay to

Who

they became fole Mailers thereof.

little

opportunity the ten Tribes had

cannot but

judge by

eafily

to be ailembled together

>

Immanuei de Moraes,
his long

of Ene-

full

who had

gotten peculiar knowledge of the Americans by

-J^j^Su^^-

Converiation with them, judgeth that they are not derived from one

People, but from the Qarthagmians and

ces,

how

from remote

Countreys, and to go long Journeys through untrack'd ways, and

mies, to travel to America

this,

New

they Landed in this

found the Soyl fo

fertile,

Whereupon,

that

World

many

and that

'Jews,

for

at feveral times,

and pla-

the Carthaginians Sailing thither,

forfook their Native Countrey to dwell

was forbidden upon pain of Death, to fend no more

thither, left it Carthage mould be invaded by a fbraign Enemy, it Oiould wane
People for a Home-defence
From this occafion it happened that thofe that
were already Tranfported, became rude, and of a Salvage Difpofition, and
there

it

fpreading their Families, planted the defolate Countreys in a ranging manner,

without acknowledging any Supreme Head or Governor.

Thus being

up and down

fcatter'd

every one invented to himfelf a

Language, which fliould neither agree with the

But this Opinion is before at large contradicted.
Moreover, Moraes endeavors to mew, that the

0.1
TI
tract, becauie that according
t

own

ry, but in their

Aunts, Mothers

Tribes

1'

to the

or any other

Carthaginians,

example or the

jeTi?s,

are of a

for they not onely

their Ankles.

But thefe Arguments feem to us of fmali

well as their

Marry

in their

own

and Daughters, or other

from

Tribes, but frequently

their neareft Relations.

the Jews,

commix with

Moreover, the

from whofe Loyns they fprang many Ages before,

Unkles, which the Americans do not.

them

'

vera].

they alio call their tinkles, Fathers, and their

confeque'nee, for indeed the Brafilians differ in their Marri^Jjes

jetus call'd

cuftorasand ConfHtutionsofthe Brajilittns&iek-

-i

both mourn for the Dead a Moneth togfiher, and wear lonp

Garments down to

their Sifters,

Hebrew Ex*
V*
they might not Mar-

'Brafilians

new

Fathers,

as

The Mourning for the Dead hath been an old Cuftoni, and not obfeiVd'
by many People, but the time of a Moneth was not fetled amongft them, but
is"

was
Moah

obferv'd after a

as in the Fields

of

and elfewhere for the Patriarch Jacob. Laftly, all people

that the (Romans and Terfians girt themfelves about with long Clothes.

for Mofes

know,

more unufual manner, feventy days,

bound to obferve Circumcifion, without which

they were not accounted JelDs , which the Brafilians ufe not, as neither their
Language or Letters. How is it poffible that in America they fliould at once

Befides, the Jems were fiddly

have forgotten

when

remonies,
the Earth

The

Laws, Circumcifion, Language, and other Ceof them obferv'd nothing more ftridly in all parts of

their Extract,

the reft

...

Learned Hugo

brings them with

Grotius, in his

many

Enquiry

after the original

of the Americans,

Circumftances to belong to Panama, fituate oppofite fo

the Northern Parts of Norway ,becaufe fomething of their Languages agrees,and

the Way thither eafie and neareft to be found for fir ft thev traveled from Nor*
:

^^fZ^tt
"&1stsr

AMERICA.

Chap. II.

way to Yjland, over which the Norwegians Rul'd above a thoufand years fince

hom Yjland

through Frie%land to Groenland, and from thence to

imerica.
a part of the Main Continent of jin

From
This Opinion

is

largely

fome

Friezjand

fo

being

Ejlotiland,

went thither (as he fays) two Centuries be/

Shore which "John de Laet contradicts. And in-

Fifhers

fore the Spaniards touched that

deed what Reaions can be given,

Manama and Nombre

de Dios, lying

why

the Americans of the Straights,

between

Northerly, mould have another original than

thofe that live to the South, feeing the fame Straights are neither divided

by
Cuftoms

Mountains nor Rivers and the Spa?iiards found no alteration in the

and Languages betwixt them that liv'd above or below thefe Straights, And
who will believe that Norway, which was but indifferently peopled, could afford fuch numerous Colonies as could plant the Northern America, which far
5

exceeds the South, and chiefly,

when

the great Ifiands that

lie

near the Eaft

Moreover it is certain, (if the Yflander Angrim Jonas

is to be credited) that fome Families fled out of Norway from their enraged
King to Yjland in the Year 874. which at that time was but meanly inhabited.
and Weft, are added

Ifaac

PontanHS de Reb.

Dittticis,

to

Forty years before,

Pope

it

Leivis the Juft

put the YJlanders under the protection of

who

gave the Government of the Yjland Church to

Anfgar Archbifhop of Hamburgh. But how comes it that there is not the leafl
Gregory the fourth,

ipark of

from

found amongft the Northern Americans,

Chriftianity

the Yjland Chrijlians

treys than Groenland

part not inhabited

Concerning

and

and

why

Friezjand,

did the YJlanders

or their

own

if they are derived

remove

to colder

Coun-

native Soil, and for the

mod

Groenland

and

Friezjand,

it is

known by

our Enghjh Navigators

that they are joyn'd together, and both to the Northern America 3 but not without vaft Bays and Inlets, which betwixt Groenland and America are obftructed

with floating Caftlesof Ice

fo that the Palfage

as troublefom, if not altogether impoffible,

becaufe the Earth

lies

fo thick cover'd

with

is

would
Ice

very dangerous.

And

full

Journey be by Land

the

and Snow, efpecially the Val

no Traveller is able to get through.

Moreover, that which Grotius fays farther of the Fifliers which firft difcover'd EJlotiland, is grounded on the Relation of the Venetian Knights, Nicholas
and Marcus Zeno, two Brothers. Antio 1^0. Nicholas Zeno fuffer'd Shipwrack
on the Friezjand Coaft Marcus informed thereof, fteer'd his Courfe thither
fourteen years they fpent before they came to Ejlotiland
at laft they returned
again to Friezjand, where Njcholas died
But Marcus returning home publifli'd
his Journal 5 wherein he relates, That Ejlotiland is above a thoufand Leagues
diftant from Friezjand, and was difcover'd by FnV^WFifher-men that were
driven thither by Storm. But he hath fet down many things that have little
refemblance of truth.according to what is fince found bv credible Navigatorsand therefore we cannot depend on Zeno's Difcovery.
leys, that

The Voyage ofttoo Zimo's.

K.e]atio

Marc. Zenonis.

The Jmtritcan Tongue

nothing
wegian.

is

like

the Nor-

John de Laet accounts

it

a great miftake in Grotius, that as a teftimony

Americans original out of N^orway, he compares their Languages.

up fome Places

to be

Northward of Manama, which end

their

He

of the

reckons

words with

the

fy liable Lan in ftead of Land, becaufe the Spaniards have left out the Letter
at the

end thereof.

It is certain,

Qoatlan, Guefcolan, Artlan

that in

the Northern America

Quaxutatlan, Icatlan, lapatlan

Qomitlan, Metzjtlan, Guatitlan, Njcotitlan, Curcatatlan.

Names
ways

are not of Countreys, but of

fitting to

Towns and

have the termination of Land

and

lie

Cimatlan,

Cinacatlan, Tenuchitlan,

Befides, that moll: of thefe

Villages,
it is

well

and therefore no

known

that

many

Chap.

M E %^1 C

II.

ny American words end with Lan, which

the Mexicans fay (puertatitlan,
Tet lower

that

Tenoxtitlan, (this

City

is

fignifies

At

A.

nothing

lefs

the Gate below

than Land

for

Ochachitlant^itlan,

from her Founder Mexis, Mexico)

may not without reafon feem ftrange to

it

any, that the Northern Americans have remembred but three Cities out of
the Teutonick Tongue, Vp^ Lan in flead Land.

Concerning

travell'd to America, Lyfander witnelfeth,

by one

Eric %auder, Anno

all

through which the Norwegians are thought to have v 'doenlaHd

Groenland,

alio call'd

Moreover,

%efis on a %ock.

is,

which

fignifie

~r

That

it

was accidentally difcover'd

087. and planted thirteen years

serm.

j.

when

^M

difc<

2 . D*k.

after.

King of Norway, plac'd two Bifhops over the new Inhabitants, as Sub*
flitutes to the Archbifhop otDronthen. For four Ages they SaiFd frequently to
but fince their King was impoverifh'd by War, they left off that
Greenland
Olaus,

Trade.

We

find not in

fliore, ever

went

Greenland, to this

any Author, that

to feek a

our

Nfw

Way

the Norwegians

which

liv'd

along the Sea-

Snowy Mountains of

over the inacceflible

World,

upon teftimony of the

Mexicans themfelves, who told the Spaniards, That their Anceftors which planted there came from the North, firft fetling themfelves on Eftotiland, where to
this day there are not improbable proofs by feveral remarks, that they were a
Befides, Grotjus (lands for the Norwegians as Planters,

Norwegian Colony.
In the American City Njrumbega, live a People that fpeak the fame Language,

and obferve the fame Cuftoms with the Mexicans.

In this by=Corner are found alfo fome AlaVards, or Longobards, or Lombards,

Now

as they fay.

New

the Spaniards call that

Mexico becaufe

laft

The

opinion

City
Amtriat,
the

concerning

Korumtega

iu

difcover'd,

though indeed the old, cramm'd with People eight hundred years fince for
the Mexicans oiNeTb Mexico do not lie fo far Northerly, as to the North-weft
for this SMexico lies in fight of California, which is believM to border on Tartary,
:

*.

oratleaft feparated from

by a narrow Channel.

it

But Norumbega

if ever

fuch a Place was) muft, according to the Weft-Indian Records, have been fituate
where a part of New France lies, now planted by the Englijh between which
:

and New Mexico lies an almoft unmeafurable vaft Trad of Land.

Mean while

not the lead fign of this City Norumbega to be found neither do the Inhabitants dwell in Cities, but live in Tents, or moveable Villages, which
here

is

change their Names as oft as their Governors. Moreover, the Norwegians could
not get to this Norumbega by Land through YJland and Greenland to Eftotiland^
becaufe of the vail: Bays, and great Midland-Sea, difcover'd by the Englift? in
their

North* weftern Difcoveries;

fo that leaving Eftotiland,

was altogether

it

come to Norumbega.
Hereto may be added what the Mexicans fay of themfelves, who acknow*
ledge, That travelling from the North, they did not find an uninhabited
Countrey before them, but were fore'd to make their Way by a long and
impoflible for

bloody

War with

Religion.

The

them

to

the Chichimecen, a falvage People, that

knew

neither

Laws

or

tbichifiut*:

People alfo dwelling oppofite to

California, differ

from

the

Cuftoms of

the Mexicans, being divided into feveral People of contrary Conftkutions, and
as different

Languages.

Grotius fcrues

up
f

his

Cuftoms with the Norwegian

fpagod

and by-God, ot

liken efs of the American Speech and

frrL
for (fays he) there is little difference between

from the
Arguments

like

God

Gmirdmd

Waeijer, that

h JFan $
7

llama

and

Larri,

cuftoms and conftimlion* of die

Mexicans.

iA

'

M E%1 C

J.

Chap. II.

in Englijh,
ftitutibns

Lamb
have

Peb and &Ae, arooA

They

are fo

Every one

much

inclined to

relate, that their

Prede*

that they divided

>

not by Days, but by Nights, and

born in cold Water.

Both Cuftoms and Con-

(Rivulet.

The Mexicans

alfo great refemblance.

onely followed Hunting

ceflors

or

wafVd

their

Gaming,

and rcckon'd the Time,

Children as foon as they were

that they venture their Liberty at

it."

with one Wife, except Tome of the Nobility, which oftentimes have more. They throw up high Banks in feveral places to
damm
out the Sea believe the Immortality of the Soul every one eats at a
is fatisfi'd

peculiar

Table moft of them go naked, onely cover their Pudenda with a Cloth
fome
Sacrifice and eat Mans*flefh
all which, according to Tacitu*, Pliny, Lucan, and
other %oman Writers, was obferv'd by the antient Germans from
whom thofe

that inhabit between the Norwegian

Thefe Allegations,

make

to

Mountains were

the Norwegians to be the Parents of the

thern Americans, John de Laet thus contradicts

take original

"found,

that

much

c<

It

no ways follows

when they mult either add, change, or diminifh feveral

u Moreover, there is no fmall miftake
in the compared words
for
lefs

"notus'd all over Jmerica the

" Idol-Temples Pagod ,or Pagode
.

'

cc

firange
ftrtt.

Bcaft

is

llama a

Lamb

the

word

ther Sheep nor

thus defcrib'd by Jofepb de Acofla

Lambs were

"llama (fays he)

not:

(for before the

"
defer iption

of the
llama in

Eaft-Indians

but by the Peruvians, and with them

neither

Nor-

that one
from the other, becaufe here and there are feveral words
have the fame fignification and found in divers Countreys

" People
e

extracted.

ever

ktn

about the River

Guaira

is

in Peru)

Pagod

Indus, call

no where

is

their

us'd in America,

fignifying a Fan, but a

coming of

Letters.

little

Oven

the Spaniards thither, nei=

but a Wool-bearincr Beaft

a four-footed Creature,

furnifhes

its Mafter with Meat

" and Clothing, and fupplies the office of a Beaft for Burthens, and at
no
" charge for Hay nor Provender, well fatisfi'd with what he finds
in the Ways
c
_

or Mountains.

But the

llama's

are of

two

forts,

either

woolly, or fhort*

"

haif'd:-

Chap*
l(
ic

AMERICA.

II.

hair'd

the

go by the

firft

Name

33

Tacos, the other Moromoro,

Neck

beino- not

much

Camel, but of feveral colours

for
fome are white, fome black) and others fpeckled, having an odd Look, efpeu ciaily when they are ty'd, and (land ftill without any motion, flaring with
i(
goggle*eyes on their Owners
Sometimes in a moody humor, upon a fudu den taking a freak, they runup to the top of almoft inacceffible Mountains,
lefsthana Calf, with a .loner

like a

iC

where both the fran tick Bead and his Burthen are loft. The Tacos fometimes
" likewife takes fudden Pets, and fqftian Fits, often doing the forward Super/alt,
<c
tumbling over and over with their Goods, and will not be rais'd, their moosc

<:

nay though they cut them to pieces but the

by them, and wait fome hours till their humor be-

dinels continuing, with beating,

way

down

tl

bell

(C

ing fpent they

*'

clin'd to a Difeafe

"

die

u ed

to

is

fit

again of their

rife

call'd

own

Carafbe,

and becaufe the Difeafe

is

or the SMange, of which they generally

very catching, they ftraight bury the infe<3>

alive, fo the better to preferve the reft.

$eke-7 for though

yet

(peke,

it

many

fignifies

when he compares

Grotius alfo miftakes,

Thefe Beafts are much in-

accords.

the Mexican (peke with the Vutch

Mexican Places, Mountains, and Rivers, terminate in

not a 'Brook or Rivulet, for that they call AtlauhtU*

That with

John.de Laet tells alfo,

great diligence he found a Mexican Ditio*

nary, Printed by the Spaniards in Mexico, to find if there were any words in

which agreed with any of thofe

found not one.
It is

gians

De *& fytim.Aw?

it

European Languages that he underftood, but

the fame cafe with the Cuftoms and Conftitutions between the Norwe-

and Northern

have formerly

make

it

liy'd

whole

their

.Americans

by

it ?

for

The

what concerns Hunting, how many People

antient Germans, and to this day the Tartars

bujlnefs, excelling in that Art all other Nations.

Befldes,

more ferious fort of the ^Mexicans many Ages fince fcorn'd to derive
themfelves from a Hunting Anceftry, but affirm that they found the Chichimecen

that the

in thofe Countreys,

The

who were

great* fenator s.

accounting of Time by the Nights, extracted from the Hebrews,

by divers Eaftern People

is

ob-

andalthough the Germans dipt and wafVd

their Children in. cold Rivers, or Brooks^ fo foon as they were born, yet the
Mexicans never did it, but the Mother lays the Child on the fourth day after its
Birth, in an open place of the Houfe in the middle whereof ftands a Pot full
of Water cover'd with Broom, in which they wafh the Infant. Neither are

ferv'd

the Americans fo

much addicted

to the Vice of Gaming as other

Nations j

fo.that

them too feverely as to that point as on the contrary, he too

much clears them of Polygamy, whereas the Mexicans Marry as many Wives as
Grotius taxeth

the Cinaloans, and other Americans

}

which

lie

neareft to Norway.

their Teachers, to

Neceflity

it

felf inftru&s

ner of eating in America

:

as alfo Quarterius

And what

is

againft Floods, fince Nature

feveral, becaufe the

neatly Habited, but had a proper

.

need the Americans have the Germans

and

and where are any People fo ignorant, as to

Men and Beafts after death ? 'Tis true, their man*

long Shirts

of the Natives in Nova Fran-

it ?

but they did not go naked

Virginians us.'d

Amrh

Father Martyn <Pere^ relates the fame of

make Dams and Banks

afcribethe fame event to

together

of the

they pleafe, or are able to maintain.

cia,

cuaoms
'

People do not

for the Spaniards found

Name

much

converfe

them not onely

for every thing they wore.

the Floridans Skins of

wild Beafts
;

The

and towards the

North they cover'd themfelves from Head to Foot in hairy and undrefs'd
Hydes. The facrifking of Men was in former Ages fpreading far and near
F

over

jfceir

clothing.

M E %JI C

*>

nap.

A.

been already decibel

guilty of eating of Man s-flefh, but
Laftly , all the Jmmcans are not
at larae.
Southern America.
that ialvagenefs is confin'd to the
have (aid, to prove that the Norwegians had no hand in

over the World, and

how

far

it

praftis'd here, hath

was

Thus much we

planting the Northern America,

the Southern Parts,

from the

we

(hall

Straights

now

proceed to enquire

who

planted

t)m, to

between fanania and Sombre

the Straights of Magellan,

The

(Peruvians, poffeffinga large

Sea, Grotius

along the Coafl of the South

Trad of Land

would thus derive from

China

Wit,and quick of Apprehenfion arg:ie fufi

" ficiently that they are not extracted from the more Northern Americans ^wx. ra
" ther from the Chinefes, which the feveral Wrecks of Qnnefe Ships found on
" thefe Coafts fufiiciently evidence
and no wonder, if curiofity or accident

" The <Pmrt>w5,beingof a

fubtile

" brought the Qhinefes expert Navigators to this Countrey,

one Sea from them. To this we may add their Rites of
worfhip the Sun, and call their King the Son of the Sun
was
<
ters? but make Characters downwards. Mancocapacus

feparated onely

Religion

for

by

both

they write no Let-

Relation of Atanctcap*-

a Chmefe of ftrange

" Policy who being informed that his Countrey-men inhabited fruitful Coun" treys on the other fide of the Soutb-Sea, but without Laws or Government,

Sail'd over thither,

"

eftablifh'd

cc

r^

The^
extracted

from China.

"

an hereditary Kingdom

fcatter'd

Multitudes in a Body, and

manner, to him and his

after the Chmefe

SuccefTors.

the Peruvians exceed the

-.'
> J
1
c.
J
Spaniards Iiv a in a
other Americans in Policy , and at the arrival or the
compared to the
Order of Government, yet they can no ways be

To wn

ar enot

and gather'd the

c h JJohn de Laet

anfwers thus
.

Though

(c

"handfom

" fharp-witted, and noble-fpirited Chinefes nay, there are in no Place of fern
" found fuch Artificers as thofe of Qnm, that bear the praife of all the World ;

of the
no where fuch manner of Buildings or Cities, nor the leaft likenefs
u Chmefe Curiofities. As concerning the Wrecks found in Peru, I find no cre" dible Author that gives an account thereof: for certainly the Chinefes could
cc
much eafier, and a nearer way have come through the Athntick Sea to the
the vaft, and
<c
Coafts of America,, lying to the Eaft of Peru, than fleer along
cc
much greater South Sea, and endure the horrible Storms and vaft Waves,
CC

<l

" which
"

fels,

"

co

the European Ships are fcarce able to endure,

which

are not fo good.

to the Philippines are fenfible

much

lefs

the Chinefe Vef-

which Sail yearly from AcupuU

of the great danger which they endure, chiefly

The

" by the great gufts of Wind near

the arrival of the Spaniards, were

Spaniards

California.

Befides, the Peruvians before the

utterly ignorant of great Ships,

and the ufe

could they at once have forgotten that Art, which they

cc
brought with them thither, Moreover, it is eafier to Sail from Peru to
" China, than from China to Peru, becaufe the Winds under the Equino&iai
cc

of

Sails.

How

" Line commonly blow Eafterly. And it is the greater wonder, that the Chi" nefe Jonks accidentally by Storm fhould be driven to Peru, becaufe they
<
were never ftor'd with Provifions but for a fhort Voyage, whereas this ask'd
<c
nineMoneths. But if any one. will fuppofe,that they purpofely directed their
"Courfe thither, how came the Chinefes to Sail juft to Peru, and not to New
" Spain
which is much clofer to China ! why were there no Merchan" difes of the Chinefes found in Peru, fince they went thither for Trade ? how
,

ic
*

if

had once found ? Nor is their

World) of
Sun-worfliip (which was formerly pra&is'd in moft Parts of the

came they

to neglect that Navigation they

air

Chap.
i<

II.

ME R

any validity to derivd them from

it

for the Peruvians

*f

The Creator of all

" The

worfhip for

II

things.

Cbfatfef,

if Confutius

three Sects of Religion

I C A.

But the contrary is moll apparency

chief God, Firacoch a ,thu is,God Almighty, or

China

their

an eye-witnefs

The firft

may

be credited, are divided into

follow the Learn'd Tr iganti us znd ac.knowy

iC

ledge a King of the Heavens, which mull onely be ferv'd as the

Chinefes fole
" Governor to which purpofe, two Temples are built in the Royal Cities
.

"Nankin and

one Confecrate to Heaven, and the other to the Earth,

The fecond Sea hath the name of Sciequia, and ferve the Idol Omyto. The
third nam'd Lan%u, imploy themfelves in Magick^and Exorcifms,
Conju-

<c
iC

" ring

Pekin

up, and laying Evil=Spirits,

whofe horrid

when

reprefentatiqns,

they

" hav* ftuck upon the Walls they make an artificial and dreadful noife, as if
" Hell were broke loofe, and theHoufe full of Devils fometimes alfo force
,

<c

the Evil-Spirits to enter into Images

from whence they

no impcrtinent anfwers to their queftions,: Therefore, who will compare this Superflition of the Peruvians worfhipping of the Sun
to the Qhinefe Religion,
?
which do no fuch things ?
7

f
*5

receive

" The
(

Peruvians call'd their King,

Sunjzs in China

Though

" manner of adulation,

,."

J Lord

the Mexicans other wife worfhip the Sun,

and

in their

Hernando Qorte^ their Conqueror, Son of the Sun :

As to what concerns themanner of writing, jt is very well known, that tlie
Chinefes words are all Monofyllables , fo that they have as many Letters
as
flyl'd

"
" Words, which they joyn fo together,
F but with ten thoufand they are able to
" Thefe Characters are contain'd in their

of the %ealm, and not The Son of the

that they reckon eighty thoufand,

exprcfs themfelves in moft matters,

Halpien or Dictionary.

The

Chinefes us'd feventeen feveral forts of Characters in their writing,

antient

Embafly to the tffom,

1>

fome con=

i, c.

i.

" filling of Serpents, that by feveral Wreathes and contortious Windings, fig" nify'd feveral things others, of all forts of agreflick Tools belonging to
j

*c

Husbandry

fome Characters of the Feathers of the Bird FumSogr^ others of

" Oyfters and Worms, or of Roots^ of Herbs, or Birds Claws, or of Turtles,

u or of Herbs and Birds Feathers mingled, or of Planets, and
fuch like
but
"what manner of Writing or Hieroglyphick of theirs refembles thofe,
tc
who by their own teftimony know neither Pen, Paper, Ink, nor any manner
" of Writing but reckon the antiquity of time by fining Beads
which
<< was obferv'd many ages
fince among feveral Nations,
Hitherto we have difcovcr'd the feveral Opinions concerning the Original of
.

the Americans, or

firft

Plantation of America, from

clear or demonftrative fatisfaction,

But

Original

of"

the

Amttkswu

very obfcure.

which, having receiv'd no

we mult open our way to a further fcrutinys
all

mull needs confefs,that contradiction is,not difficult, but it is fomething of Work

when we have beaten down a well-fortifi'd Opinion , to fee
up fomewhatin Head thereof, to {land a permanent and undeniable truth,
firft,we

which will be the harder in regard the Inhabitants of this new World have
no old Chronologies concerning their Antiquities, and firft fettling there yet
,

if we

we

cannot go fo far abfolutely to alTert, yet fome probabilities,grounded

fuppofej upon better reafons, may give more fatisfaction
for
L

deny,

but

the Flood
the

known

fome

L1athat the Generations

and

nonev will
vv

>

of Mankind being ftrangely multiply'd after

they then living five times our Ages, and Wars not beginning till
part of the Earth was over.ftock'ci, juftling for Territories, and

thruft quite out, at laft

cxtent,

(as

now

found America

which fpreading

found almoft every where well inhabited,

it

felf to a vaft

may

be guefs'd*
.that

whatwem ^ b
u

cerrungthem.

^<^

^6
that

it

was not onely Planted from the

are de-

rived from feveral people.

room

for their Colonies,

compact
the Goths
??zd?2J

again

but feveral times repknifh'dfince

firft,

not feveral Planters, and at feveral times make

force or
ineroaehing one upon another , either by

as the French themfelves

among

upon

the Gauls,

upon them

the

2$rWN

upott them,

among the firing, and

the Spaniards, and the Saxons

the

IW-

may

Several people

Chap. IL

A.

Why may

by various Nations
The Americans

M E %j C

eaf.ly Sail

over thither, the

A? or the Canary Ifles lye

from whence
defign d)forTranfportation to Jmertca-,
fo that they are readyfas if
gives us an account that thefe
in fifteen days. Alfo f>%
Jc'ofta made a Voyage
that after 91m, s
is it well known
Wands lay uninhabited in his time, yet
tney had been formerBuildings were found there, fignifying,
time Ruins of
ly Pl'anted

and

why might

to the
not thofe ancient Inhabitants Sail thence

neighboring America ?
and 4i*, was frequented by NaviTercera lying half way between Spain
and it feems as eafie to Sail from thence
gators before the Birth of our Savior ,
.

Add this, that neceffity

from the Main Land of Spain thither
from other Countreys, for fince they
fore'd the Spaniards to look about them
Gapetm they were every where bealoft their Viftorious Champion Baucibs
lufter d
Forces, and that oppreffion over,
ten, being tired out by the fbeniaan
:

to America, as
Marian, it Reh.
1. i.e. 18.

tltfp

Wherefore it feems not ftrange, if a conmuch under the Ionian Yoke

that they might live fome where-elk
fiderable number remov'd from thence
:

as

to Rig and iet

which purpofe they wanted no conveniences
live in thofe Seas, having had long
forth ftoiit and fufficient Veffels, able to
whofe Fleets Sail'd daily to and again
experience from the Theniaan Voyagers,
and Gibraltar towards thefe Weftern Counin feveral Expeditions, from Cadiz
firft Navigator that way, who gives an account
treys :Nay, Hanno himfelf their
a good part of the way to America.
of the Gorgons, or the Ides of Qape Verd,
lay further from America;
Englijh famous Sea- mm
And though -Brittam, Ireland, and the Srittifi Orcades
particularly to prove, That many Ages fince, Exyet fomething may be faid
and that the
thence to the New World
peditions had been made from
Ages, were peculiarly famous for their
Inhabitants of thefe our Ides, in former
that the Cretans and fhenicim emulous of their
Bart-/o or, fialand, skill in Navigation ; infomuch,
and
the Phenician name
danger, made feveral Attacques and Invafions upon
Brittattia the Gr name skill, and jealous of their
of Brittain.
many remarks of the 9henician and
probable
thefe Ifles, which is the more
denominations of the Countrey Of which,
Greek Language, remaining in the

in quiet-

for

take
Old Voyage of Af<*<fc>
America

tor

'O

which let Ket.

Hift.Brit.

firft

this

account

Anno 1170.

When

Owen Gnymth, Prince of Wales, having Raignd long and

feveral Sons, who quarrelling,'

happily in his fetled Dominions, dying, left
their fhares of the Principality, nor
their elder Brother, as not contented with

to be under him, having gotten

their ftruglings,

fing of

fo

no mean

Interefts

weakned one another,

that they open'd a

thefe Brothers, Madok, a Prince

Pottel in

fiifioiiit

to the loo :

of a milder difpofition, weary of

fhare
fuch unnatural Dilfentions, threw up his
David

way

all.

Amongft

Cambria.

and Claims to the whole by

better contented to feek

new

whereupon there were many foon perfwaded to venture

would pleafe to Tranfport So Rigging
their lives with h'im, where ever he
where at laft he dif.
afmallFleet, he Sail'd Weftward far beyond
Countrey, but wondrous plealant, the
cover'd an unknown and un-inhabited
Glad of this good fuccefs (as
temperate, and the Soyl moft fertile

Fortunes abroad

WW,

Air being

the Story fays) he returning, fpreading the

Fame of

this his

Newfoundland,
which

ap .II.

which they might exchange

M EXJ. C

A.

37
and harafs'd with an

for a barren Soyl, hattcr'd

endlefs Civil-War.

No

fmall

number

Summons,

flock'd to thefe

as a

mod

acceptable Underta-

king; fo that foon after he was able to fend forth ten good Ships,Freighted only
with Men, Women, and Children, and all other Materials fit for a new Plantation

which not long after Landed

rica, as Francis

Countrey

North o$ Amebecaule there he onely found fome re=

in Jcu%amil,&

Lope^de Gomara believes,

in the

maining Tracks of Chriftianity, a People that worfliipp'd the Crofs but

knew no reafon why or wherefore they ador'd'that fign of our Redemption.
Now,fome will fay, that this Worfhip of the Crofs is no argument to prove,that
but what will not
the Brittijh Chriftians firft Planted in the North of America
time and change of place do , where Tranfplanted People keep no Records,
,

Laws, and Cuftoms, but who they were,and

from whence they came, Oblivion firft mutilating, and at la ft fwallowing up
fo they forget not onely Religion,

all

of which, take

Anno 1598.

this

one

late prefident.

The Duke De La

%pche obtained leave of the French King, to tranf*

port a Colony of Volunteers to NeH? France

in his

way

he Landed

fifty

strange occafionofr*

Men on

De Sable , to reft his PalTengers, and that he might the better, and
with more eafe explore the Countrey ,and when refolv'd where to fettle,then to
fetch them off; who accordingly, as defign'd, foon after, returning thither,
was met with fo violent a Storm that not being able to Weather the Iile of
Sable, where he left his People, he loft his. whole Expedition, and was driven
back to a French Harbor, where no fooner arriv'd, he was fo highly charged,
that he was caft into Prifon,when thofe he had left neglected upon the Ifle,were
the Ifland

not once fo

much

as

thought of

liv'd in a

more of their Captain,

in this interim, they never expecting to hear

wild and miferable condition, feeding upon

and fometimes wild Swine, without Bread, Drink, or Salt.

When the Baron of Lm went with Letters Patents, to be Governor otKoVa
Francia, and by ftrefs of Weather in his Voyage , was forced to put in at Sable,
where he found the remainder of La Roches People who being from fifty reduced to twelve, having clad themfelves in Sea-Wolves Skins, they had not
onely loft their former French Civilities, but forgot in a manner their Religi-

Fifh,

much of their Language, and what

on,

they were, being as if Metamorphos'd

into beftial Salvages.

And

although

we
T

have already controverted the improbability of Peopling

by accident of Storm

'America

either

that fo

it

might happen

or

fet

purpofe

yet

it

may be

iffom edi<inotcome;Cld

polTible

3ll

y t0

Amtm*'-

for as the feveral vertues of Plants, Herbs, Precious-

though ftrangely occult , and fo altogether unknown,

that what could never be found by Art, meer chance hath brought to light, and
Stones, and Minerals

fome cafual accident hath made apparent fo ftrange

and remote Countreys never to be found in our Charts,or Maps, nor Regiftred
in any Story, Seamen bound to their intended Harbors, have ftumbled on by

their

wondrous

qualities,

chance, either Hood=wink'd by blind Mifts

Weather
ftirr'd

of which America

may

be her

witnefs

up, but by incitations of the Journals of a Sea=Captain

Houfe, driven on the

.American Iilands

Although from the foremention'd

rica

own

upon by pertinatious
for how was Columbia

or fore'd

might be

furnifli'd

with Inhabitants

came

alfo thither

by Land

his

foul Weather.

places,

furance, that the Planting of America

that they

by

dying in

fo

and
it

after the

fame manner, Jme*

alfo gives us a

more

certain af

was not onely foon

And how

ftrangely

after the

would

Flood, but

it

be againft
the

pJ^fJ^FW*

AMERICA

S
3
the Majefty and

WiTdom of Divine Providence,

Globe, a World fully fupply'd with

Service,
Giants

in

and the

Plants, Herbs,

to leave half the Universal

of Creatures,

all forts

Chap

'

richeft Minerals,

like a

fit

for

Food and

Houfe new

built,

and well furnifh'd, without a Matter or any Inhabitant, y't^. Man, who being of Celeftial Extract, fliould be able to acknowledge and glorifie the Crea-

America.

Befides, the confus'd Noby admiring the Creature in his great Works
tions and Fables of Giants, Perpetrators of all manner of Grimes, and wallowing in all kind of fenfual Debaucheries, are always remembred among the
and that they had fome flender hints of antient
Antiquities of the Americans
tor,

Truth,not onely of the Giants before the Flood,but of thofe that foon after the
rank fatnefs of the Earth, produced and fed to that pitch of Arrogance, that the
CtHJurati fratres

Virg]

Gtorg.

The Flood acknowledg'd

there.

covenanting Brethren defi'd God, fortifying themfelves to fight him by the advantage of that their long congefted Pile,!Bdk/, which in a

fliort

time was tranf-

verted by the Heathen Poets into their Gigantomachia ,heaping Hills on Hills, like

From which we may conjecture,that they came thithef

for why may not any believe, when Noah liv'd three hunin the time of Noah
that he took care to People the
dred years after he Landed on Mount Ararat
World And who will make him ignorant of this New World who living
the jfmmcanTx&dAxions;
-

hundred years before, might not improbably by his own induftry and
the help of the former long-liv'd Patriarchs , been well able to make a general

five

and he could better furnifh America, it being nearer Mount

Ararat than iupply Italy, Spain, Germany, or any Northern Territories in Europe,
fo that jimerica might be known to the firft people after the Flood, nay,inhabitSurvey of the Old

ed by them, though fince that, the knowledge was

loft.

Winy complaining of the Supine negligence, and ftupendious floth which

reigtyd then and long before as he had obferv'd, among all people, and in every place, who were fo far from making inquiry after difcoveries of Lands for

new

Plantations, that they loft the old,

when

they had begun to

fettle,

though

The Sea by that means lying open beunder the greateft ferenity of Peace
yond what any juncture of former times could be proud of.

fdnary IJlands, by

whom

Yet the

were

Fortunate,ot Canary Iflands

in the

firft

difcover'd.

were altogether neglected, till Guillaum Betan*

court, a Gentleman ofTicardye, brought them again to be taken notice of by a
fr e ^ Trade. The Fable of the Hejperian Gardens, and the Dragon that kept the
with VelTels, which in

Gardem> what

thf fitS

ages after 2yW;, frequented

later times

nothing but an allufion to the Sea, which

with Serpentine Embraces, not onely fecur'd thefe fcatter'd Ifles, but fwallow'd up feveral Adventurers that too hardy made their unhappy approaches

Golden

Fruit, with conftant Vigils,

is

for difcovery.

Another Allegation for the Planting of America by Land , both whofe fides
arc walli'd on the Eaft and Weft, by the South and Atlantick Ocean, may be
thus probably made out
The Atlantick rowls over with almoft Fathomlefs
:

Waters, three thoufand Leagues of Ground

the South-Sea not

much

lefs,

which well may be being indeed but one continued Sea, encompaffing, till
meeting there, the Univerfal Ball
whence fprings a more likelyhood, that
[America might be Planted from the Southern parts, from the Straights of Magel,

lan,
RjcI,u\o de Yerr/i

Auftmla.

The Defcri prion wf

Unknown South.

the

and Le-Mayr.

(peter

Torres

Femandes

faw

de Quir relates,

a part of the South

Whites, 'Blacks, Sallows,

That he and

Countrey

and

Commander,

in

it

hodowick Paes

innumerable Inhabitants,

with long, black, curl'd, Woolly, and yellow Hair.

They know no Walls or Fortrefles for Defence, Laws

or Kings, but are divided

into

iap. II.

They

into Tribes;

M E 2^1 C

J.

;?

indeed Bows, Arrows, Clubs,, and a kind of Spears

Life

Their Houfes are coyer tl with Palm-Tree-Leaves ;

fifts onely of a few Earthen Pots, and inch Trinkets

their

Houfholdftuff con^

yet they nave fome lie

and
though they gonaked, pride themfelves m Neck-Laces
Weaving,
and Bracelets, made of Mother of Pearl But thefe for their. Complexions and
Conftitution of Body,Cuftoms, and manners, are rather deriv'd from the Americans, than they from them, and therefore we mud; leek for their
Original
;

tie skill in

from
land,

from which are but two ways one from Yfland and Groen*
North
which Grotim endeavors to prove, but contradicted
the other out of TV*
which certainly was the fir ft Nurfery, from whence the Americans were
the

tary,

Tranfplanted.

from the River Tatter, which runs thorow the

Countrey Mongul into the Northern Ocean , covers a great part of the Terrethe lefTer Tartary makes out a confiderable part of Europe
ftrial Globe
the
Tartary or

fo call'd

Tattary,

>efcription Q f Tartar},

greater

is Afia.

This great
reckons

Tartary,

five chief

which

is

next Turkefian

is

Samarcand

famous

then IQtai, which the great Cham

according to Andreas

Tartary,

Leagues long, and

fix

hundred broad,

Provinces, Yt%. the wild Tartary, inhabited by Herdfmen

of which the Metropolis

gatai,

a thoufand

Now we muft enquire

C&farienjis,

from what

for the

mighty Tamerlane

Commands

and

which about

laftly,

Old

the habitation of Gog and Magog.

Tartars the Americans are Extracted

Mornaus, Voftellm, Genebrardm y Voterus, and others are of opinion,

Tartars

Sa*

the year 1228. under the

Command

That

the

ff'iian 1.6/1

of Zingvs Cham

overfpread the Earth like a deluge, were the Succeffors of the ten Tribes of Ifrael,

which were carry'd

into captivity to Ajfyria by Salmanazar.

The name

or rather Tattaria, feems to be Tome teftimony thereof, becaufe

tary,

in the Syrian or Hebrew

Tongue, Remnants or

it

If the Ifraelites

Tar-

were Tar-

tars.

fignifies

Remainders, as feemingly, becaufe

were remainders of the foremention'd Tribes- nay, the Northern

Tartary Herdfmen preferve to this day the Names Dan, Zahtlon, and Naphthali
Wherefore we need not to admire, why fo many Jews are found in %ufiia, Sar-

thefe Tartarians

matia,

and

other

Laws, according

nay, the nearer to Tartary, the more Jews there are.

Circumcifion hath a long time been obfeiVd among them , before Mahomet
brought in his new Law ; it feems, that Mahomet order'd the Circumcifion and
Liefland

caufe that in his

by the Northern people, betime, they began to Rebel, that fo they might the better be
to Mofes

to be obferv'd

kept in awe by their

Joannes

Natives

new Religion.
LeonclaYus relates, That

call'd Letti,

in Liefland near $jga, he

?***%&**&*<

heard the wilde

not without great admiration, go crying along the High-

ways and Fields, with a doleful voice, Jeru, Jem, Mafco lou
It is believ'd that
they mourn torjerufalem and Damajcus
but by their long continuance in the
:

vaft Wilderneifes, they have forgot their Religion

might enable

to tell us

removal of the

Arguments
there

are too

they were.

out of Ajfyria to Tartary, though to our Judgement their

weak, to take from them of the footing they have gotten

yet neverthelefs, the Ifraelites are not to be taken for the Planters

America, for
it is

Ifraelites

who

and Laws, and what elfe

Several learned Authors queftion this

why

elfe is

not Judaifme

as well

found

in America as in Tartary.

of

Bun

already (riewnj that America was inhabited long before the difperfion of the

Ifraelites.

Now
Europeans

to (hut

up
*

all,

it is

evident,* that the

firft

from the diflimilitude of the People, both

Planters of America were not

in their

Complexions, Lanquaere

**&*** ******&*'$

rrpni Africa npr

Eur opt.

AM E R

40

Chap.

A.

in .all the farTpreading CourftJ

guage and Perfons ] nor Africans becaufe that
found, except a few near the River Martrey/of America, not one TvWo is to be
Territory Qudrequa 3 which mud by;. Storm be drove thither
,

But Af,

from the

chieflyout

**"**

in the little

tha

Giji

Coaft

So that

t0 be Implanter of our ^mfric*,

Ant an.

People, onely remains

ail

whofe Weftern Coaft, oppofite

inhabited than to the Eaft, where

r.^isnotpanedfrom

Mother of

the

it

to Afia,

is

more

refpeds Europe.

Moreover, Armenia, out of which, by Noah's Progeny, the whole Earth was
and T*>w> faces America}
borders on Scythia, now call'd Tartar)
re^peopled
though fome are of opinion, that
feparated onely by the Straights of Anion
paflage thorow thefe Straights^
out of the South into the Frozen Sea, there is no
we have already prov'd the contrary) how came all thofe Voracious
,

(as

elfe

and Poyfonous Beads into America,

Sea

if it

be clearly feparated from Ana by

deferves here to be related,

It

William fyleveld, Sailing

what happened

from Batavia

to Henry Cdrnelifon Schaep,

and

to difcover the Tart arte k River Polyfange,

but were taken and carry'd Prifoners to

the"

Japan Court at Jedo

ComMap or

being

by Order of the Counccl to give an account of * Japan

of Japan, AmCard, which was laid before them, and contain'd the Provinces

manded

there

Malacca, Tartary,

loma] the Molucca Iflands, Manilha, the South-Sea, Borneo, Celebes,

or Defart of Jejfo, fepa*
Formofa, Corea, and the vaft and Mountainous Countrey
the North,it joyns to
rated from Japan by the Straights of Sungar- though toward
Province of Ocbio and beginning in forty feven degrees, run
'

Japan in the

Straights of
North-Eaft towards America, but they could not poffible find the
Man but on the contrary, the Promontory o Tartary, vi*. the Province 2v*
;

or^atui lay in the fame parallel with the Northern America.

Hereto may be added , that Afia hath no Territory any where , which may
more eafily with numerous Colonies fupply America than this part of Tartary, 2.%
well for the vaftnefs of the Countrey, to which no other can compare, as fo
Who doth not admire , that according to
the increasing of the Inhabitants

taya

Ennead 9A.6.
Teftimonies that the
are Tartars.

Ame

ricatts

fcarce a City in Tartary thatboafted lefs than a thou-

Michalon Lilhomver, there

is

fand Temples

fee Canguifta firft

and to

King of Tartary, about the Year 1200,

following his Fathers bloody Footfteps,

Son, Jachk,
whilft he prepared his Sons with three vaft Armies ? The eldeft
March'd Weftward with thirty thoufand Horfe ; <Batho drew with as great an

in.

Arms; and

Army

his Succeflbr Hoccata

towards the North

Tagladais being the youngeft fell into the Moores

Hoccata himfelf March'd vi&orioufly into the North

the Turks, led by
America, fubdu'd great part of the ferfian Kingdom, and beat
flanenjis and <Bene*
the General Goniata with a great Army, Anno 1241. as Jacob

Countrey above

Egypt.

diBm Sarmata, two Monks, fent by Pope Innocent to Hoccata, witnefs The great
number of the Tartars or Scythians, may appear by the feveral people, fpread
Pliny reckons fome of them, o;^. Auchetes, 7V>n, Gefar and near over Tartary
:

loni,

Tlwffa&etes,

Arimphei,

fBudini,

<Bafilides,

Agathyrfi,

Cimmerij, Cicianthi, Georgi, Sacores,

the Inhabitants

make up

It

New Andahzai

What number would

Teneneuf, Virginia, Florida, New

and others

that live in America, in

Spam, Guadalaiara, Guatemala, Terra firma,

3rafd, Guaiana,

pomades, Anthropophagi, Hyperborei,

Nev

Granada, fern,

Chili,

%io de

la

Plata,

*.

will be worth our time, to

compare the

likenefs

between the

Scythians

and

both of them are dirTerenc'd with fpecial Marks of a more

than ordinary and natural diftance between the Eyes, which much alters the
whole Air of the Face, and the plumpnefs and fwelling of their Cheeks fum-

Northern

Americans

mits

AMERICA

CliapJL
mits above the Cheek-bone

moft of

+i

of a middle ftature, having

downy Hair upon their Chin, like the Callow Feathers of an unfleda'd Bird.
Laftly, as the Tartars, they, differ amongft themfelves in their Cuftoms, yet in
feveral things they agree one with another , according as they are governed by
;

thefe are

and yet other Princes, fome powerful, and fome weaker, according as
every ones power be more or lefs. The Inhabitants of Lncaja bear fo great a
refpeel:, and ftand fo much in awe of their Governor, that if commanded to
leap from a Rock, and break their Necks., they inftantly obey.
others,

The fame

is

obferv'd by the Tartars

the feven Princes of his

which

Realm

to

the

Murder

they all readily performed.

King

firft

Commanded
their own Hands^

Canguijla

their Sons with

In fopaina they live to this day like

fome Tartars , without Laws or Law^

givers, who change their places by turns, from the great increafe of the Tar*
tars, the .Americans no ways differ.
'Bartholomew de
years, onely

New

writ to Charles

las Cafas

on the

the

Fifth,

Iflands Cuba, Hifpaniola, Naco,

That

Conftitutions of the Tari

tars and JLtntrnnni agree.

the Spaniards in few

Bondures, in Venezuela and

above 2600000. Men, befides the (laughter that was made

in fem, Brafd, %io de la Plata and other places, which far exceed the foremention'd numbers.
Spain, deftroy'd

Polygamy is frill in ufe both among the

knowledge the Immortality of the Soul, both
,

ficing

Mans

flefli.

How famous amongft the

in Taurica Qberfonefus

where

feveral

Men

Tartars

and

like Cannibals,

was

Antients

were daily

with humane Gore

Strabo relates,

the Altar of Diand

How

Dimes

deli-

Sauc'd and

That the

antient People account

chop'd in pieces, and their

ferv'd

flefli

Age, a natural death, are defpis'd

cording to their Demerits,

fome delight

both ac-

Eating and Sacri-

Sacrificed

cate, according to Sabellkus, did the Tartars account their

ferv'd

Americans

up

in

it

an honourable Death to be

Commons.

like Malefactors,

left in the

open

and

Thbfe
as a

that die

Gecgr.

J.

H,B.

71

by

punifliment ac-

Fields, a prey to Birds

and Beafts

loathfome gorging themfelves with Mens flefli, others on

the contrary, not onely deteft humane, but all manner of flefli
And juft fo
in that

the Americans are diftinguifh'd

for although the Caribes,

tants of Ne*it> Spain, pfyw Granada, St. Martha,

yet as

many abhor and

Sacrifice

the Inhabi-

and

Men

eat

odious Diet and abominable Cuftom.

deteft that

Agent in Mufco*fr relates, That Anno 1 588. %jnach

Grandfon to the Governor of the Chrim Tartars, made his entrance there

Giles Flejher

Morfey,

Queen

and others,

(Brafilians,

Elifabeths

with a Retinue of three hundred Noblemen, and two Ladies, of which one was
the Widow of his deceafed Brother. The great Prince inform'd of their coming, fent
as

him two

ilaughter'd Horfes,

whofe

fides

and Hanches they

feafted on,

we on

Fallow Deer.
Moft of the Tartars ufc no manner of Letters or Characters- in the Voyage

made
their

into ferfia

they

firft

learn d to

bemoaning of the dead ends

in

make

Letters

juft fo

it is

in America*

one Moneth, both by the Tartars and .Ame-

with a Perfon of Quality the Tartars bury a live Servant the fame
5
Cuftom is obferv'd by fome of the Americans and fo much do they agree in a
falvage and rude life , that Merchandizing and Mechanicks are little regarded.
ricans

dyfon the American

acknowledges the Tartars for a rude People in their* Religion,

Habits, and Dwellings, and yet in all thefe the Americans differ but very little.
Laftly, How common is it amongft them to worfliip the Devil? Along the
tUver Sagadahoc, the Inhabitants are every

new Moon

^r~

miferably tormented by
*

an

Devii-wor&ip
r'.ea.

Am**

M E%,I C

zA

4*2,

'

call'd Tanto,

an Evil Spirit

In the

Temples

in Virginia

Not

Images of the Devils Oka and Menetto.

Chap.

A.

Houfe

remain yet the horrible

in Mexico,

but hath a pe-

Chappel, fet apart for this their fuppos'd holy, but damnable Adoration
of the Devil. Others in Virginia believe, That there is a great and fupreme Deculiar

ity,

which

The

Everlafting, and for ever.

is

Tartars alfo are of the like per-

fwafion.

But

this

Opinion

Grotius hath laid a flrong

that America could not be Peopled

the Spaniards

no
tartmttn Horfes

Beafr,

by the

coming thither,had never

more,

Peace or

either in

againfl:,

Tartars , becaufe the Americans before

any Horfes; whereas the Tartars ufe

nor can lefs want
For the Tartarian

feen

War ?

Forces do not only confifl in Horfe

and dangerous Battery

but the Wealth of this Countrey

is

reckoned up in the numerous Breeds of Horfes, and feveral Studs of Mares.

Some of the Noblefs keep a thoufand Horfe 5 none, though never fo poor,

but keep two or three

and Beggars there mounted crave Alms and Charity

they remove their Habitations, their Horfes carry their

When

of the People.

Provifions and Tents

grow fhort, they eat Mares Milk, high,

gulled with Garlick, which fatisfies Hunger and Thirfl
and the red Liquor
which they tap warm from their Veins, ferves them to help Digeftion, and
heighten their Humor, inftead of the Blood of the Grape, our fweet Wine.
If Provifions

The

though raging and precipitated with Land-floods, they

dare adventure fwimming their Horfes over, hanging naked by their Manes,
and guiding them by a flipp'd Rein whither they pleafe
To their Tails they
fwifteft Rivers,

tie their

Saddles, and other Neceflaries,

bound up

fon of Quality prepares to ciofs any River, they

and athwart both

tie

Rufhes,

When

two Horfes Tail

a Per-

to Tail

Backs faften a Mat pleited of Rufhes, to (it on. When

any broad River, or (landing Lake, they kill and flea their

their

they are ftopp'd ar

word: Horfes

in

then turning rhe Skins iniide out, and well Liquoring, they
ftretch them open with the Ribs, which ftand like the Bayles of a Tilted Wher5

and thus furnifh'd,

them for a Boat to carry eight Perfons.

When
they take the Field, going to War, not any but mufters three Horfes. whichmakes rheir Armies, when drawn out in Campain, fhew much bigger than
indeed they are
And though many of them are kili'd in the Wars, or flain
ry,

ferves

for Food, yet the European Tartars pay yearly forty thoufand Horfes tothe %uffuns ; from whence Grotius thus argues, ^ If America joyns to Tartary, then
<l

the Horfes which run wild at Grafs might eafily have found America them-

ei

felves,

feekingto improve their Pafture, and have gone from one Countrey

"

into the other, as

Xt

America, they are difpers'd over the higheft

into the other:

appears, that fince the Spaniards tranfported Horfes to

it

Or

i the Straights of

Mountains, out of one Province

Mian run between

both, the Tartars

never were Navigators

and fuppofe they had been, they would not have

crofs'd without Horfes, without which they knew not how to fubfiit. To
;

<c

which we only fay thus, That although Tartary now, and in former times,
abounded in Horfe, yet muft we grant, that it hath been always fo ? or that

the ancient Serbians,

ufe of

them

who we

avouch

nrlt planted America,

had fuch frequent

wow. This may be controverted, for that thefe

Scythians planting there in the Non-age of Time, prefently after the Flood,
the ufe of Horfes was unknown, which the Ancient Poets teftifie by their Fiction of Centaurs
who when firft feen, the Horfe and Rider were taken for
as the

Tartars

one Creature.

T he

miftakc the Mexicans had, when they faw the mounted Spaniards, a thoufand running away from one Cavalier.
like

As

'

r
...: ol!

'

\.^w

^m
i

.*

fcliap. III.

As

coming

to their

ME RI C A

thither of themfelvcs,

it

may

4-5

eafily .be

confuted

Wh&

no Countrey a continued Pafture, but luxurious Vales

knows
feparated with inacceffible Mountains, Lakes, and vail WildernefTes. But Da?
vid Ingram relates, " That he law fome Horfes in the Northern Jmer'm which
a the Mexicans, and other Coi^quefts of the Spaniards never
heard of: Where*
upon we may conclude, and we fuppofe without all peradventure That the
Americans have abfolutely their Original from Tartary, which bordering jirrAe*
nia, where TSfoaKs Ark firftrefted, hath a convenient way, though beyond
the
Artick Circle, through a temperate Climate betwixt Heat and Cold, to Cathay i$
the fame Parallel with the neighboring America.
not, that there

is

tw, /wv <*o

GH A
Firfl Difcoverers of

P.

America.

born

ffo

tS/9

+9/*

t*

r.t*

,M

Chriftopher Colonus
:

generally (though by miflake)

in Jrbi^plo, a Village in the

ffff>

III.

his Expedition.

^Hrijlopher Colonus,

CT>

Dominion of

Father liv'd by Fifhing in the Midland-Sea

call'd

Genoa-,

So that

*,.

r:i

was

(jlumbus,

near SaVona

Pit
lib.

B'tzftri

Res Geueiti,

6.

his

Sebaftian Schroter,

and others befideshim, are miftaken, faying, Colonus was born in the City Cucu*
reum, and defcended of the Noble Family (piliftrelti
For Peter Belarus, Colonus
his Countrey*man, gives unqueflionable Proofs of his mean Extract; and

lib.

il.Htf.Georg:

Chiftoph. Ceknus's Birth.

That the Common- wealth of Genoa refus'd to receive

the great Legacy which Colonus left them in his Will, becaufe they fondly
thought it a derogation to their Honor, being fo great a Republick, to take
any thing of Bequeft from a Fifhers Son
Yet his Majefty of Caftile thought
otherwife, not onely enriching him with Wealthy and a, fair Revenue for his
amongffc other things,

Difcovery of the WeftJndies

but alfo, though of a

low derivation,

rais'd

him

Honor, Ennobling him the firftof his Family with Dignities, Titles
and Efcutcheon, which rank'd him in place among his Prime Nobility,
to great

Qolonus,

whom we

fhall hericeforth call Columbus,

fpent his

Youth near

the

His Life,

where he was
the Quarters whence they

bufie exploring the

Winds, confidering their Natures, and

rofe, efpecially with the fetting of the Current from
the Atlantick to the Medkerrane. The Weftern Winds, which often, as well as the
Levant, blow feveral days together from the great Ocean, much amufing him
3
hinted at laid fome Notions, that there might be another World, and new PlaSea,

ces to be difcover'd,

Ihouldnot be,
that

way. He

if

beyond the

he could help

alfo fpent

much

fetting of the
it,

the

at that

time had got the

then bufie to find a

way by

and that the 2V>

commanding Terminary of

plus ultra

the Earth

time, being of a folid Judgment, in the

dations of Charts and Maps, then very

Who

Sun

ftart in

much improvable

Navigation from

all

And

Emen-

the (?ortuguefe i

other People, being

the South of Africa to the Eaftlndies, not contented

to go by hearsay, he went himfelf in Perfon a

Voyage with them,

Soon

af-

himfelf in the Illand Madera, where an Accident hapned.

ic
Which Francis Lope^de Gome/a relates thus
The Mafter of a Ship, whofe
cc
Name and Countrey lies buried in Oblivion (though fome would have him
ter Columbus fettled

tc

fome an Andalufian or <Bifcayner, and others a Tertuguefe) Trac ^ c Canaries and FlemmiJb*IJle$
was furpris'd by a hideous Tempeft
u from
6 i

to be of Spain,

" ^mg

to

Strange Aeci

Pfra -

M E %^I C

44-

.ap.

A.

I:

dreadful Waves,
from the Eaft, which hurried him nolens nolens through
Coaft akogether un
cc
where at laft he found himfelf ingag d upon a Weftern
" known. The Storm ceafing, without making further Difcoveries, he pick'4
" his way homeward, at laft Landing in the Haven of Madera All his Crew
" but three and himfelf, with hardfhip, want, and the long Voyage having pe=
his Houfe where
cc
rim'd, himfelf dangeroufly fick, was carried into Columbus
lying on his Deaths-Bed, he bequeathed to Columbus his Maps, Journals, and
V

'

<c

Makes

his

Addrefs

at

Genoa.

in the Weft,
Papers more confirmed than ever in his Opinion of a New World
but they looked upon
declared what he verily believ'd, to the States of Genoa
yet Columbus full of his great Projed, thus
vain and idle Fellow
.

him

as a

not fo down, but addrefs'd himfelf to

long time with dilathe King of Portugal, where they wearied him, fpending
the Opinion of a whole Court of expert Navigatory Anfwers, to no efTed

and fcornfully rejected,

flighted

To the

Columbus being by thefe

other Obfervations of this his unfortunate Voyage.

Portuguefe,

fate

Soon after
to King Henry
Columbus fending his Brother into England, to move the Bufinefs
long er'e his Rethe Seventh, he being taken Prifoner by the way, and lying
the News of Chriftopher's
leafe, came too late to the EngUJh Court, prevented by

tors
EtigUJh,

having

caft his

For mean while Ferdinando

Voyage
having finifh'd his Wars with the Moors, had furjjflj jUelh King of fafiile.
V" J
&
J
rr^li 1_T
C J\C C
which he effeded by the favor or Jlfonjo
nifli'd him out for the Expedition
return with Succefs

- And cabman
eerning a

King",

con-

New World.

Declaration out, as a Chimera or meer Fancy.

from

his intended
.

and Alfonfo QuintaVdia, both great Minifters of State under Ferdinand

and Ifabel, and obtain d fo much at laft, that he was fent with a hundred and
twenty Souldiers, befides 'Sea-men, in two Ships, and one Pinnace. Thus fup.
the fourth of Jugufi,
plied, he fet Sail from Cadi% upon the Kings account
thence fleering
Anno 1492, and firft reached the CanaryAjlands , and from
But
South-Weft, the Wind in thirty three days fcarce varying one Point

Mendotio

Sails

cover

from Cadiz to dif

New

Countreys,

His People rebel.

though the Weather blew fo conftant, yet the Sea.men changd their Minds,
and Storm'd quite contrary, crying, That Columbus was guilty of all thrir
For (faid they, after they had loft light of the Canaries fo many days,
Deaths
:

nothing appearing but Sea and Sky) Who can

of fo defperate

a Voyage ,

fo

and found now fo full of eminent danger I

weathered all their Exclamations, although.

rajhly undertaken,

Yet Qolumbus bore bravely up, and

they threatned no lefs than his Murder
Agreement, That
they fhould return

hope for any Succefs or happy conclusion

At

laft

Articling, they

came

to this

forwards three days more, no Land were difcoVer'd,

But about two a Clock the next Night, Columhus faw a glim-

if after failing

Sky, and in the Morning found himfelf clofe aboard

Crofs
a moft pleafant Coaft, where Landing with twelve Men, he ereded a
fo rough,
cut out of a Tree. Thence he fail'd over to Cuba, where the Sea was

mering

Rocks and Shallow Water. Soon after

he got to the Northward of the Ifland Haytin, which he call'd Bifpaniola Here
had it
his t>eft Ship was bulged upon a Rock, on which they had all perifh'd,
not been flat on the top, fo that the Soldiers and the whole Crew of Sea-men
that he

Difcove:

Kijfaniolit.

like Fire in the

was

forced to ftand off, fearing

were

fav'd

by the two

VefTels.

The

Inhabitants ftark naked,

feeing thefe

but the Spaniards overtaking a Woman,they enwhite

tertain'd her with Sweetmeats and Spanijh Wine, and putting her on a
what
Shirt, fent her again to the reft of the Natives, where return d, fhe told
Strangers, fled to the

Woods

whereupon divers of
good Entertainment fhe had had to her Companions
Boats made of one piece of
t ^ e |{]anders came aboard of the Spaniards, in
Wood, where they bartered Gold for Beads, pieces of Glafs, Knives, Shells,
and
5

Trades

wkh the Natives.

M E%J. C

HI!
,

A.

The King of Guaccamrillo gave teftimony of

and other Trifles.

nation to the Spaniards, helping them to

up

peculiar incli-

remaining Goods of the

Wreck, and informed them, That fome Rivers flowing from the tops of high
Mountains, wafh'd down the Gold amongft the Sand
notwithftandino- a
Fifli

the.

ftrange Prophecy had been told to thefe Inlanders, namely, That Bearded

Men

out of remote Countries Jbould deftroy their Goods, take their hand, and majfacre their Chil-

He

dren.

them what made them

alfo told

at the arrival of the Spaniards,

who

and betake them to their Heels

becaufe they were oftentimes furpris'd by the

fnatch'd

up

Cannibals

were fo

fly,

they could lay hold on

Their Boys and Striplings they gelded, cooping and cramming them up, as we our Capons, for
The young and well-grown Men they chopp'd to pieces, faked, and
Feafts
Barreled up
Young Women they preferv'd for breed, and old ones they made
Qannihals,

all

Slaves.

Thefe

terrible to the

Inhabitants of Haytin, that a

thoufand of them durft not venture to engage againft ten, but would run eve*
jy way, difpers'd like Flocks of Sheep before the Wolf.

Their King permitted the

wherein thirty or forty of them might
in right of the King of Spain.
Laftly

Mean while
King

Spaniards to build a
fiielter
;

Lodge

or Hovel,

but indeed fo taking poifeffion

Columbus return'd in fafety to Spain,

and was receiv'd with great

Sea, and fending his Brother

Returns

making him Admiral of the

Bartholomew Governor to Hay tin, now call'd Hifpaniola*
The Gold, Parrots,
Maftick, Aloes, the Grange Bread Jucca, whofe extra&ed Juyce is rank Poyfon,
but the Body makes good Meal, which kneaded and bak'd, yields a fine Manchet and wholefom Food, they look'd upon with great delight and admiration but two of the Natives being naked, with Gold Rings through their Noes and Ears, Ornaments with them of high efteem, and fignifying their no
mean Quality, the Peopleold and young came in Throngs to wonder at, ne<
ver weary of gazing upon them.
But the King, encouraged by this Succefs,
took no dilatory Courfe, but fuddenly, and before any could expect, built
joy,

Ferdinand

wsjpam.

is highly

hWd.

fourteen ftout Carvels, and three Frigats, and as foon

mann'd them with

twelve hundred Soldiers, befides a great number of Artificers of all forts, with
their Wives and Children, freighting them with Horfes, Swine, Goats, Cattel
for Breed, all forts of European

and fome

Priefts to inftruct

Corn

to fow, Fruit-Trees

and convert the Natives to

Thefecond of
before Ferreo

G oes with feventeenSaii

arConcl

tlmetoa/^^

and Vines to plant,

their Religion*

September, Anno 1493. tne ^et

^rom P$ki anc* Anchor'd
Y
the laft and further!: of the Canary*Ijlands , where they could get

no Water, but what dropp'd from

the

Dew

hanging on Trees into Troughs.

After that, Columbus

came on the one and twentieth day amongft the Caribby*

Jflands, where he dropp'd Anchor before one, which he call'd T>ominico
but
finding it defolate, fet fail further, and difcover'd feveral other Coafts, where

r*ti*rhdim\st cw-

he likewife found nothing but very great Porcupines or Hedg-hogs,and fwectfmelling Trees. Steering forward, he found the Coafts of the Cannibals, which
inhabited along the Shore in little Huts or Hovels, built round of Wood,

and

ftak'd

about on the out*fide with long Poles, like Talifado's

alfo Pofts within,

which are {hotter,

ton, or long Roots of Trees, plyant

pleited
like

and faftned together with Cot-

our Ofiars, over which they hang

:

Ornament

Thei-iuuof the &*&.;

They have

Cloths painted with horrible Figures and ftrange Reprefentations The Roofs
rife like our Canopy'd Tents; higheft in the middle, covered with Palm-Tree
Leaves to keep off the Rain: At the Entrances hanp- two Hairy Images on
Poles, not for Religion fake, but

'"'

Their Bed-Heads being high

from.

<a
from the Ground,

M E%I C

are filTd with a kind of

A.

Straw

Cliap.
and

long Hovels

in

Il

fittdl"

for that purpofe they ftore their Sugar.

Columbus landing here, found all the Cannibals fled

but their Houfes

Mens

Stone Veflels, Cruifes, Pans, and Pots, boyling with

Flefli,

Rill

of

Parrots, ancl

Hanches and Sides of young Men, on Spits roaftinp- at trie

Fire, with the Splinters of whofe broken Bones they headed their Arrows.
This Ifland by the Inhabitants call'd Qtrucueria, Columbus changed to Gttadalupt,
becaufe the Mountains rife up with their tops not unlike Ejhemadura in Spairi,
famous there for the wonderful Reprefentation of our Lady, as that of the
Wild-foul

Ifland GuctdLihift

Lady of

the

boring Ides; he fent

turning,

Thirty

made

Women

which he had taken from the neigh*

with Prefents to the fled Canibals, which the next day re-

Lorette in Italy.

a great appearance near the Shore

while upon the

looking

Spa?iiards,

but

when

they had gaz'd a

on one another, they fuddenly ran

Covert of the Woods. Columbus think-

ftedfaflly

back again, fheltring themfelves in the

ing it not worth his while to expect their return, feeing their barbarous Life,
burnt and deftroy'd all their Boats^ and fpoiling whatever he could, fail'd to
Matanino.
Strange

Women

in

The

Women

came back again, informed the Spaniards T\\2Lt Matanino was an Ifle onely inhabited by Women,which at accuftom'd
times row'd over to thefe Cannibals, where a while they drove a Trade and
Commerce of Love, the Product of which, if Girls, they kept but the Boys
they fent over to their Fathers. They live in Caves, the Mouths and Entrances
of which they maintain and floutly make good with their Bowe, (hooting
Arrows as thick as Hail at the approach of Men, after' their impregnating by

Ma

ianitto.

releas'd

in Guadalupe, that

the Cannibals.

From hence the Fleet pafs'd by feveral other fruitful Iflands, Columbus giving
them the Names of Montferatto, tf^odondo, St. Mdrtin, Santa Qm%,, formerly by the

On

Inhabitants call'd jiyaya.

four

Women, which

this laft Ifland

held out their

he landed thirty Men,

Hands before them,

who

took

as if Petitioners that

begg'd Quarter, or praying, and thenconceaFd themfelves in Ambufcade, the

better to furprize
Remarkable pafage

of

Men

with eight

more

when by chance
many Women

they fpied an Indian Canoo at Sea,

whereupon thofe in Ambufcade

made a Signal to the next Ship, which immediately fent off fome Boats well
Mann'd but before they drew near them, or expected an On=fet, one of the
Spaniards was kilFd,and another wounded with their Arrows j amongft whom
,

and

as

Woman,

to

whom

fhew'd greateft Refpect and Reverence, aim'd

all the reft

very exactly.

Their barbed Shafts were poyfon'd ; whereupon the Spaniards

enrag'd, ftemm'd the Qanoo, and overfetting,row'd quite over ; which little or
nothing avail'd
for they all fwam, and though feparated, fhot their Arrows
-

them,

upon a blind
Rock, covered with Shole Water, which gave them frefli Courage but the
Spaniards having more aid fent them from the Fleet, took them all Prifoners
but the Queens Son being wounded in the Scuffle, and dying foon after, was
thrown overboard. The Prifoners being; brought before Columbus foam'd at
at

as if the

Boat had been a But.

At

laft

the Indians got

Saivagenefs of the

w/-

ins.

Mouth

the
@

for raging

madnefs

OO

'

and being afterwards carried to

tain'd their fierce and. falvage Nature, that they fcar'd

away and

Caflile,

fo re-

frighted the

fafe Beholders.

Mean

while the Spanifr Fleet proceeded on their Voyage, between feveral

Iflands, to Hifpariiola, o which fome appear deiolate and barren, others green

and

Woody

the fmall Veflels failing ciofe under the Shore,

and the preat ones

ftanding

AMERICA.

lap.

{landing further off at Sea,

which was very

47

turbulent, and beat exceedingly

acaind the Shole Rocks. The liland Burichema, Qolumbus calFd St. Johns, to
which belong'd forne of the Women fent forth in Guadalupe, who informed

was well inhabited by a kind and hofpitable People,

who when the Cannibals landed there fought them, and if Conquerors, were
fo much exafperated with their inhumane Barbarifms, that they feiz'd on them
like MaftifFs open=moutrfd, and tore them piece-meal With their Teeth
yet
themfelves abhorring the Cuftom of eating Mens Flefh. Here the Spaniards
them, That

feur'tchema

found onely a large Houfe, furrounded with twelve leiTer ones, all deferred,for the Inhabitants with their King Chiafichio were then retired into the cool
All this the Indians told
and more llieltring Woods, from the mid- day Heat.
Coming to an Anchor at
him, which he brought back with him from Spain.
Hifpaniola, he fent

one of the

Indians afhore, that

he rni^ht

tell

what brave

Colum
fpamolx.

things he had feen in the Spanijh Court

but the remaining three took the ad-

vantage of the following Night, and leaping overboard,

this

Accident he not

his eight

and thirty

much

fwam

to Shore.

regarded, trufling to have a fufficient Account

Spaniards

which he had

left in

the Fort

upon the

But

from

Ifland

and the more, becaufe King Guaccanarillo' s brother, in fign of Friend fhip, had
prefented him with.two Golden Images
But all thefe Conjectures fail'd him,
fo that hearing nothing, he landed, where he found the Spanijh Garrifonutterly
deftroy'd, and the Royal Fort burnt down to the Ground, and lying in a heap
:

Then

of Allies*

had conceal'd

Finds the Spaniards

flajn.'

they fired feveral Guns, to give notice, that if any of them

and lay sculking in the Woods, or otherwife, they

fhould difcover themfelves, and come to the fuccour of their Friends
But all
for as they were afterwards informed, the Inhabitants
in vain, for none came
had (lain them, becaufe of their infupportable behavior, infolently committhemfelvesj,

Hereupon he fent MelTengers to the

King Guaccanarillo, to inquire why they had fired his Fort, and what they had
done with his Men, who brought him this Return, That over that mighty
Ifland were many Princes, of which two being provok'd by the reports of the
Strangers that were entertained in the Ifland, came marching upon them, each
but that he endeavor'd what he could, and came with a
with their Armies
ting Pvobberies, Rapes, and

Power
his

to

aflift

the Strangers

Murders

yet all he got for his Kindnefs,

Leg, which had been fo fore and troublefom, that forced

Bed, and no

But he told

lefs

his

was a Wound in
him to keep his

than feven Concubines to attend him, and drefs the

Tale

fo

ill,

and feign'd

of the MelTengers fent by Columbus,

his

lifting

Lamenefs worfe,

up

the Coverlet,

Wound

that Sibilius,

one

faw that he

ail'd

nothing, which foon confirmed his doubt, that he was confederated with the
reft,

and

alike guilty

of the Slaughter.

At

laft Guaccanarillo

being deiir'd, came

in Perfon to Columbus, in

whofe prefence he held a long Difcourfe with an Jdian Woman, which they had brought from the lOand of Santa Cru^, there
Chriftned by the Name of Catharine
At length Guaccanarillo was difmifs'd, and
the Night following this Catharine, with feven more of the Indian Women,
leap'd over-board, and fwom almoft a League to Shore, fo going thence directly to their King Guaccanarillo.
This Accident gave more fufpicion to Co*
hmbus, who thereupon fent three hundred Men, commanded by Melchior, Hoi*
eda, and GorValano, to march through the Ifland three feveral ways, and with
fpecial Commiffion to fecure as their Prifoner Guaccanarillo. Melchior difcOver'd
a wide River, full of Reaches and winding Bays, gliding between high Hills
:

.cover'd

with Woods, refounding with the ecchoing noifes of harmonious

Birds,

His Difcourfe with the

King Guaccamrilfo.

AMERICA.

4-8

Chap.

Birds, and difemboguing his Waters, enlarg'd by

two

III!

other Rivers, 'into thi

making a convenient Harbor for Ships. Here a hundred of the Iflandwell Arm'd after their manner, met them, crying aloud, We are no Canni*

Sea, Co
ers,

bals, but

Taynos, that

is,

The

a feople more civil than they are cruel.

Spaniards

ma-

king Signs of Peace, the Tdjwapproach'd, and joyn'd their Forces in a friendly manner. Near the place of this Meeting appear'd a Houfe built in an Oval
fafhion, being thirty

two Paces

Circumference, the Roof curioufly

pleited of divers colour'd Rufhes,round about which flood thirty lelTer Dwel*

Mean

lings.

strange gathering of Gold,

while, in his

in the

March

Hoieda difcover'd a River that defcended

the Inhabitants gather'd much Gold after this

from a high Mountain, where

manner: They dig a Hole about two Foot deep

Hand

full

of Sand, with their right

r.

Be

Orhe KLovo,

lefc

Hand

they cull out the precious Ingots

accounting of, as they gather'd, they dealt away to the Spaniards.

which little
Moll of the Pieces were
Picas

then taking up their

nine Ounces.

<Peter

as big as Peafe, yet

fome fo

Martyr, Councellor to the

large, that they

Emperor

weigh'd

That
he hath feen of them in the Spanijh Court, that were brought over thither by
Columbus.
Moreover, Hoieda was informed here, That this Gold-River took
Charles, tells us

Original in the Province belonging to Qacicus Caunaboa, Signifying, Tbe^inr

its

of the Golden Talace.

Columbus builds a City.

Mean

time Columbus fele&ed a piece of Ground on a riling Hill, on the

North part of the Ifle, where he intended to build a City, becaufe clofe by,

on one

the Hill

Mountain, pregnant with Stone and Chalk $ on the

other, a Plain, fo exceeding fruitful and pleafant, that the Sun fcarce fhines
upon a more delightful and fertile Soil, wi^^fey found afterwards by exfide rifcs a

Here Melons are let and ripe intfffiy fix days Corn, in two
twice a Year the Trees and Plants bring forth their feveral Pro-

perience.

strange

fennel* there.

Montns

come to maturity, and are loaden with Cluflers of Grapes fa

two Years, and Sugar-Canes grow as thick as a Mans Arm in fifteen days. On
this pleafant Soil, accommodated with a convenient Haven, Columbus
afterducts

wards

the Vines

built the City Ifabella, fortified with Walls

which he made

vasions, over

Mean

and Trenches againfl

all

In-

Brother (Bartholomew Columbus firft Governor,

while the Admiral Columbm himfelf march'd up into the Countrey
his

with three hundred Men, in quell of the Gold Mines. Seventy two Leagues
the Valley Cibaya lies diflant from Ifabella, to which Columbus pafs'd over fwifc
Currents and high Mountains, where he built a Fort, which he call'd St. Tho*

and exchang'd with the Inhabitants Toys and Trifles, for Pieces and Ingots of Gold, which the Inhabitants, as before-mention'd, found in the Sand
of their Rivers; And befides, they informed him, That about half a days
Journey further, greater Quantities of Gold were to be found, in a browner
mas

colour'd Soil

Whereupon Luxanus, one of

who march/d

his Officers,

WJ^Jto^ith

a fuf-

wa^iR^ith fhady
Boughs, and pleafant with the profpect of fpacious Meadows, where they
mow'd Grafs for their Horfes, which in four days time grew up again higher
than our tallefl Wheat.
ficient

G oes

Party thither,

through a delightful

Mean

to Sea to difcover

new Countrey.
la,

time Columbus being returned with great Riches to his

went foon after by Sea , with three VcfTels , to difcover

more remote
on

Jamaica,

which his Defign

where he found more
.

fell

out alfo fuccefsfully

new City IfabeU

new Countreys

for he fell firft up-

flout Oppofition than elfewhere,

by the Na

Landing, but finding themfelves over-power'd they came to

Agreement, and accepting an amicable Compofure, prefently flruck up a
tives, at his

Peace.

Chap.

M E%1

III.

C-A.

49

thence putting to Sea, he next difcover'd Cuba, which failing

round about, he found alfo to be an Ifland s where Landing in a conveniens
Harbor, on each fenc'd with a high and jutting Rock, he efpied two little HoPeace.

From

wherein was abundance of

vels,

Fifli,

two

beiides

great Snakes or Serpents,

each having eight Feet, fpitted, and ready to be laid to the Fire to be roafted
but neither Man, Woman, nor Child to be feen, they being gone with part of
;

etre_J?im they

had

drefs'd, into the adjacent

Woods

whither the Spaniards

following, faw hanging by fmall Strings, on the Branches of Trees, abundance

of Snakes, fome of which had their Mouths tied together, others their Tongue

beyond they faw a Company of the Natives,which they judg d to be about feventy Men,covering the
top or fummit of a Hill , to whom the Spaniards made Signs , and to entice

Hence marching on,

and Teeth pull'd out.

fliew'd feveral of their

them near,

gawdy

adventur'd,defcending from the Hill,to

a little

Trifles

whom

but in vain,

till

one of the Natives

one

at lafl

(who

in the

Admiral made, was taken from the Ifland Guandhaini near

Cuba, carried to Spain, and there Chriftned) called aloud, telling him they need
which faid, they came down
not fear, they mould have no harm done them

firft

Voyage

that the

and inform'd them, That they were fent by their King to catch
Fifh for another King, which was with him at Dinner i and if they had not
for they were provided for
eaten the Serpents, they gave them many thanks

all together,

the fecond Courfe,

and very fcarce to be got, being a greater Dainty than any

Fifh.

Columbus

ful Coaft, verging the

the Sea.

CO

from hence proceeding on

Somewhat

Mouth of

further he

further

a River,

tit"

Weftward, difcover'd a

fruit*

whofe Water runs boyling hot into

faw very ftrange

Fillies, efpecially

Difcovm
great

not withou?

Accidents

fevera!

nw county*.

the Guaican,

not unlike an Eel, but with an extraordinary great Head, over which hangs a
Skin like a Bag. This Fifh is the Natives Fifher for having a Line or hand,
fom Cord faftned about him, fo foon as a Turtel^ or any other of his Prey,
comes above Water, they give him Line whereupon the Guakan, like an Ar;

row

...

*A

50
row out of

ME%I C

A.

Chap.

UK

Bowe, (hoots towards the other Fifh, and "then gathering

Mouth of the Bag on his Head like a Purfe.net holds them fo fait, that he
a

the
lets

up out of the Water.

Here the Spaniards having Din'd on delicate Eifli, went on flill
Weftward
and came to an uninhabited Me, but well ftor'd with Geefe, Pelicans,
and ugly
Dogs that could not bark. Here they came amongft fo many Shoals, that
the
Keels of their Ships raked upon the Ground almoft forty Leagues
not loofe

hal'd

till

together,

Water thick and white like Milk. Laftly,they came again into deep
Water'
and Landed at the Foot of a high Mountain, on the Ifland Cuba
where they
found two Springs of very fweet Water. A Mufqueteer going
the

into the

whilft the

Woods

with Water and cut Wood, he fpied a tall

Man in a Coat like a white Fryer's Frock behind whom came two more, and
foon after thirty more follow'd, all alike Habited
the Mufqueteer running
away, they beckned him to ftay, but he march'd off and informing
Columbus
5
of his Adventure, he fent a Party well Arm'd to fee farther into
J
reft

fill'd

their Veflcls

the Countrey

but they neither fawnor heard any Men, onely found on the
other fide of the
Wood a great Plain, but fo overgrown with deep Grafs, that it was impoiTible
to get through

thing

The

next day he fent out twenty five more, which found nothan the Prints of the Steps of great Beads and Lyons, and
alfo

elfe

abundance of large Grapes, which hung on the Branches of Vines,

clafping
about the Bodies of the great Trees.

Hence Qohmbm again putting to Sea, and Sailing Wefterly, found

a Shore
overflow'd with Water, and abounding with Pearl-Mufsles, and
after that the
whole Countrey full of Mountains, whofe tops fmoaked. By this
time the
Fleet was much damnified by the Shole*water where, as we mentioned
before,
;

they often (truck, and their Keels rak'd

upon

Ground fo that having

Provifions growing mouldy with the Damp,
the

fprung feveral Leaks, and their

they were forc'd to return and Tacking about they ran againft
Turtles, which
lay as thick in the Sea as if they had been fow'n.
;

Columbus

anantient

Language
You have

now on his return home, and Landing once more on Cuba, found
Man (lark naked, who fpeaking to him (Didacus interpreted, the

in

fomepart agreeing with

to all

that of Hifpaniola) to this effect

admiration come to fee this Countrey

you is, That you hurt none .for the Souls of

evil-doers

from another World, my advice to

go to dark places
But on the con*
:

trary, they fh'all enjoy the heighth

of all Tleafures that are Friends to Peace.

Columbus reply 'd, That he came a Scourge for the cruel Cannibals,
but a Shield to
proteSt the quiet and well-meaning Indians.

Great
Uiffamota.

difturbanc:

After this, returning to Htfyaniola,

found

things

all

Governors
felves,

which he had

at Ifabella jangled,

and the BenediBine

Spain, there to

dealt very

Murders

make

much

fetled there turn'd topfie-turvy

and were

Monk

<Boilus

their complaints at

at private

wherefore the
ards they found ftragling
Caunaboa alfo lay

Indians,

for

firft

the

contentions amongft them-

and Peter Margarites were returned to

Court
and befides, the Spaniards had

inhumanely with the Natives,by

contrary to his expectation, he

their frequent

Rapes, Thefts, and

not unjuftly incens'd, deftroy'd

all

the Spani.

any part without the Lines of their Fortification.

about the Fort St.Thomas, and clofely befieged Hoieda
burin

'.

receiving intelligence of Columbus's arrival, he broke

up his Siege, and march'd
from thence, but foon after was taken Prifoner by the
Spaniards.
Mean while

uponDefign (a Plot noneof the wifefl) the Natives of Hiftaniola had

neither
Till a or Sow'd the Ground, or us'd Agriculture
the year before, contriving
by

Chap. HI.

M E %,! C A

5,

by want of Provisions (not confidering themfelves) to flarve out the

but the mifchief fell upon the Contrivers

for fo great a

fpreading over the whole Countrey, in a few Moneths

but the Spaniards

ftarv'd to death
;

own

ftore, then,

though too

made a

Spaniards

Famine hapned,
fifty

that

thoufand were

faving, though hard fhift with their

repented of their folly, for they

faw the Spaniards making an advantage of their mifery, not onely built more

Houfes

in their

which Sailing

City

Ifabefla,

to the

late, the Iflanders

but prepared their Weather-beaten Veffels

Gold Mountains of

Cipangi

on the

Hill,

feveral Fountains, they raised the Caftle of the Conception.

with

whence fpruns

Great benefit they

reap'd by this Fort, to which they carry'd daily abundance of Amber, Brim-

mix'd Ore of Silver and Gold,and $r^7e-wood,befides great flore of

Gold and they might have gotten ten times more,had they not been fomuch
ftone,

and minding other vain pleafures : yet notwithftanding all, the Fleet carry'd that year above one thoufand two hundred pound
weight of Gold to Spain.,
inclin'd toflothfulnefs,

In the
ers,

mean while

which

rages

n^iyhm

the Natives complain' d to Columbus of the Spamjb Soldiunder pretence to feek for Gold, committed many infufFerable Out*

therefore they defir'd that they

ftraggle fo

much abroad, and

might be retain d

in their Forts,

jj

and not

would willingly bring them every three

Moneths a certain weight of Cotton, Amber, (Bra^ile-wood, and Gold, more
than equivalent to what they fnatch'd
but Columbus (whofe Soldiers, notwithftarfding his feverity, and ufing Martial Law upon fome of them for
they

their

Crimes,

and proud with

confented thereto

their fuccefs) yet prevailed at laft, that they

but the Inhabitants never performed their promife,

being almoft famifh'd, had

much

to

do to preferve themfelves

who

alive, fpendin<?

their time in picking Sallads.

Whilft the Bufinefs remained in this ill pofture, or rather confufion, Cibamt,
Brother to the imprifon'd Qaunaboa, rais'd an Army of five thoufand Men

Their

Coqueft.

ike Spaniards y divided into five

Companies, nlarch'd to meet him- and their

Enemies being naked, and having no other Arms than Bowes, Arrows, and
Clubs, after fome little refiftance, were foon di/Tipated and put to flight, but
overtaken by the SpampHovfe, many of them were taken Prisoners, and others
forc'd to skulk and hide themfelves on the tops of Mountains.

Shortly after this Battel hapned a Huricane, mix'd with Thunder-claps,

renting great pieces from the Rocks, and the Wind blowing out of the Earl,

threw

Horibie Tempeft.

down Houfes and

to the Air

Trees, fome of which were carry'd a vaft heighth inthree Ships that rode in the Harbor, broke their new Cables, and

fplit againft the

excefiive

The Spaniards expeded nought elfe, but that with this

Day of Judgment was at hand. And on the other fide,

Rocks.

Temped

the

the Iflanders afcribed this raging of Heavens to the Spaniards wickednefs.

This
Storm paft,and the Air fakd, Columbus gave order for the building of two new

Ships there, with which in March, Anno 1495. he return'd to Spain

where in
SMedina delCampohe gave an account at the Court about the difcover'd
Countreys ; where alfo Sentence was pafs'd on feveral Spaniards,
and chiefly con*
.

cerning the

<Benedittine

Monk <Boilus who

y

out of meer malice pafs'd by

him

at

Mafswith the Hofl, while he gave it to others, without any diftinftion,

Then he gave a further account, that his Brother Bartholomew had found, fixty
Leagues beyond Ifabella, feveral deep Pits, the uppermost Ground of which
Sifted,

produced abundance of Gold.

Aurea there in three

Moneths time with

Moreover, that he had

little

trouble

built the Caftle

but becaufe Provifions

grew

remarkable

concerning
Cohi",nbi4S.

paflag

:J

Banh^kmrpi

5*

M E%^I C

Chap.

A.

III.

found himfelf neceffitated to remove, but left ten Men in

the Iflanders with their Governors
the Garnfon, and had fent three hundred of
on the South-fide of HHpamola 3
to Spain. He alfo built the Caftle Vommico,
he had travelled into the Countrey to the River Naiba: where,

grew

fcarce there, he

from whence
upon this Shore the King

Encamped himfelf againft the Nai*

other People, under his fubjedion. That
bans, to bring them, betides feveral
Jnacauchoa, which he immediately promised
(Bartholomew demanded Tribute of
Beuchio Jnacauchoa

conducing Bartholomew above thirty Leagues

and planted with
on his' Way, along a Path on both fides fown with Hemp,
of fflsfaniola, where he was
Cotton-Trees, to his Palace Xaraqua, in the Weft
Thirty of the Kings Wives walk'd before, carrying in
received in great ftate
both Sung and Danc'd very ftrangely
their Hands Boughs of Palm=trees, and
very handfom ; at
behind thefe came a confiderable number of naked Virgins,
with the King, found a Table furnifh'd with
laft Bartholomew entring the Palace
manner of Dainties, and a very courteous Entertainment. The next day

to pay, and disbanded his Forces,

Br ave reception of
Kim in Hiftaniola.

.'

all

walking forth to

a large Plain,and looking

about he faw two Parties that deep,

great (laughter on both fides, and had

ly engag d in Fight behind a Hill, with
much more Blood fried.
not he dehYd that they might be parted,there had been

returned to the Forts

After he had been feveral days friendly entertain'd, he

where he
St. Jago,Tttrrita, Conception, ^itkminko
IfMia, Sperancia, Cathanna,
were
found above three hundred Spaniards ftarv'd of hunger, befides many that
.

lick.

At

by the Spaniards, and a long

thinking he had found it, rais'd an

that time Guarionexius having been opprefs'd

time watching for an opportunity, now

Army of fifteen thoufand Men, with which he was refolv'd
againft Columbus-

who

to try his fortune

privately receiving intelligence thereof,

fell

upon him

his Defign, and took all his

fo on a fudden and unexpededly, that he fpoil'd
Commanders Prifoners But to oblige the Inhabitants, who begg'd for their
:

King, Columbus fa him

at liberty, advifing

him

to be careful of raifing a

War

againft

.!:

M E%J. C

3-D.

A.

But he not being able to endure the oppreffions of

defcended
{pldanusXimene^^Spanijh Commander, fled to the wild -Ciquano's,
gainft

rom

him any more*

on

the Canibals, and living

fteep

Mountains

Of

thefe he

dehYd

aid

and obtained not onely their Promife, butfomcMen

the Countiey round about, and whatS/wvith which he robb'd and pillag'd
with his Men did eat, as if a Venifon Feaft.
uards he met with he kill'd, and
Ximene^ made himfelf Leader of feventy Rebels, which like raging
.gainft the Spaniards,

vlean while

jlood-hounds
Whilft

all

fell

upon

manner.
Hityaniola, the Admiral

the Natives after a terrible

things were thus in diforder at

Zolumbus fet Sail a third time

Chriftopher

^ftjg^aw

with eight Ships from the Haven Barrameda, in

fhun the French Py rates, which watched for tht Indian

fruitful Ifland of Corn, Wine,
rreafures, he directed his Courfe to Madera, a
Here coming to an Anchor,
Sucrar, Wax, and Cattel, defolate till Anno 1420.
away to Hijjaniola, which himfelf afterwards followed with
tie

To

Year 1498.

he

Tent fix Ships

Mands, or Aeons, firft fo call'd

the remaining two, fleering by the Flemf
Here he dropt Anchor before the City
from the Flemings, the firft Planters
in circumference, and very
Angra on the Ifle Tercera, which is fixteen Leagues
with Grapes the
Mountainous the tops whereof are like Spires, and abound
will not keep above twelve
Plain Countrey produces great flore of Corn,but it
Earthquakes, and
Moneths. The Ground is oftentimes terribly fhaken by
Smoak afcend up to the
between feveral fulphurous Places, both Flames and
:

Stone. The
Near the City Angra is a Fountain which turns Wood into
onely beat down
Winds in this Place blow fo fierce and ftrong, that they not
In Angra the chief
Houfes, but wear out Iron, and all manner of Stone-work.

Sky.

Commander of

all

the

FUmf

Iiles

hath his Refidence.

The

City, furround-

towards the Sea like a Crefcent, or Half-Moon ; for

Mountains extend with deep Points into the
at both ends thereof the
ftands likewife fortifi'd by
Ocean. The uppermoft part towards the Weft
on both are continual Watches
the Eaft
a high Rock, as alfo by another on
difcover Ships fifteen Leagues off at
kept- whereof thofe on the firft can
and on the other, all thofe that
Sea, coding either "from the Eaft orWeftdndies
they put out the Kings
come from Europe : When they fee above fifteen Sail,
great Flag upon the top of all the Rock.
the Governor and ArchThis City of Angra is divided into feveral Streets
handfom Churches are no fmall ornabifhop live each in a ftately Palace 5 five
are not to be taken
the Sea before it abounds with Fifli, but
to it
ed

by deep Rocks,

lies

ment

December, .by reafon of the turbulent Waves.

at Jngra, Sail'd along the African Coaft
Chriftopher Columbus having refrefh'd
fo miferably tormented
between the Hebrides: under the Equinoctial he was
Hoops fprung from the
by the Heat, that his Veflels feem'd to burn the
Water run about the Hold and they could exped nothing
,

Casks, fo that the

Water eight days they

but death from the infurTerable Heat, and want of
Gale out of the Southhad endur'd this hardfhip, when they met with a frefh
made great Way towards the Weft. On the laft ofJuly he dif:

Eaft, fo that they

and approaching near the Shore, he fmelt as in

commix d, and at laft law
a Pofie,all the fweet breathings of fragrant Flowers
Grounds, and
a convenient Haven; where going afliore he found cultivated
the next day they fpy'd aJBoat with
ftcps of Beafts, but not a Man appeared
Ocean. The Admi*
twenty young Men come rowing from the Shore into the
cover'd three high Mountains

ral

hard them
'-,

in vain to

come aboard,

for they

made

the greater haft afliore

-ftill

^DtfcriptWtbc chy

JME^LCA

5+

Chap.

II!

looking about continually with great admiration on the Ships

whereut
on he commanded them to beat their Drums, and found their Trumpets,
th;

ftill

they might by that

means

entice

them aboard

flgnofWar, made thcmfelves ready

overtook the
Iflanders

they

Indian

but they rather taking

for refiftance

mean while

amaz'd thereat, made

them

figns to

to

row afhore

it

as

the Spaniarc

Boat, into which they threw a Hat, and other

trifles

but foon

th

'afte

fled.

Columbus proceeding on his Journey

came

to Taria,

where he found a Fifli

Pink loaden with Oyfters which opening and taking out the
Meat, wer
found full of Pearls, which becaufe of their abundance
were not regarde.
there for a broken Dim and a nifty Knife, th
Spaniards had four long Strino
b
a
ers

Abundance of Pearl.

of Pearl,

'

From

thence anchoring in the River of Cumana, feveral

naked Men cam
aboard, adorn'd with Golden Armlets, and Strings
of Pearl, Thefe inform',
him, that they gathered their Gold from the Mountains
and Rivers, and cauah
their Pearl-oyfters in the adjacent Seas.
Some of the Spaniards were nobh

by the King and his Son, who leading them into their
Palace, pla
ced them on Benches of Ebony- wood, curioufly
wrought, and on a
entertain* d

fudden-fe

vera! Servants

came in with variety of Dainties, and welLtafted Wine. Bu

becaufe Provifions grew fcarce amongft the Sea-men,
and their Meat tainted
Columbus thought it convenient to leave the
Pearl-trade till fome better opportunity.

Then

letting forward,the farther he went,the Shallower

he found the Sea

infomuch that his Ship fcarce had Water enough to fwim.
This inconvenience was followed by a fecondjfor the Sea being full of
Weeds and Grafs,fcarc<
fuffer'd any PalTage.
A River thirty Yards deep, and twenty
Calumbus
dangei

is

in

great

came rufhing out betwixt two Shores into this Sea with fuch
Waves went high like Mountains, which made Columbus

greateft danger imaginable, and withall

Tack about
;

Kolianns Ximenes oppofes Columbus.

Leagues broad

force, that th(

judge himfelf in the

fo thathe came on the

eight and twentieth of Auguft Anno 1408. to an

Anchor before Hiftatiiola, where
all things were ftill in a fad confufton, as
we before related.
%o\danus Ximenes refused to follow Chriftopher Columbus's,

order and writ Let.

which he exceedingly afperfed both the Admiral
Columbus and Kis Brother who were hot backward
.in giving an account
quite
contrary by their Letters, of the horrid Villanies
perpetrated by this Ximenes
and deflYd aid, that fo great an Offender might receive
condign
ters to the

King

oSpain,in
.

Mean

Strange

Miami

punifhmentJ

while the Guano's came marching

down with

thoufand Men, which

went to meet with eighty Foot and fome few Horfe
The Indians
which he was to encounter with, rather feeming like
Furies than Men, for all
of them were daub'd over with black fmuts on
their bare Skins from Head to
Foot, and their hard Hair pleited in terrible, not
in Lovelocks, hung playing,
or dangling over their Shoulders. When the
Spaniards in their Ma^ch drawing up to a River where it was beft fordable,
had no fooner left the Bank, and
taken the Water, endeavoring to wade over,
but the Salvages rufli'd forth out
of the Woods, and let flye a fhowre of Arrows,
that had they not been provided with Shields and Targets, to keep off fuch
a deadly Storm, fo thick they
flew, and fo well aim'd, moft
of them had perifh'd there
but having reflx

Bartholomew

cover'd the oppofite Bank, the Enemy

play'd all hid, and in a thought Oieiter'd themfelves under the protection
of the Woods
.

purfuing,found the Service very

ally their Shields, flopping

difficult

where

the

Conqueror

and dangerous,for their Armes,efpeci-

and intangling them

as in a

Net,

among

the fiirub*

bv
I'D

Chap*

AMERICA

III

by and twining Branches

which they

j;

rigled themfelves,

way,

like cjuefting Spaniels

with

their

Arrows

following their Game,, and

their

whereupon they

parting,

11

left their

frill

and macj0
gawling them.

vain purfuit, marching another

who

with eight thoufand Gquano's were then

coming down againfl them which prov'd a harder task than was expected;
for e'rehe could reduce him and his flubborn Party, he ipent three Moneths in

way

to intercept JMayoba?iexius y
;

the Service.

Sect.

III.

BUt the great and worthy Service of thefe two excellent Brothers

defervino-

and Trophies of everlafling Honor,Monuments never to be

demolifli'djin their due praife, who had found out after fo many baffled Ages,
a new World, richer, and not much lefs than the old, by the afperfing calumrather Statues

niations of one malicious Perfon, loft his

Spanijb

whole

Interefl

Court, quite out of favour with his Prince,

and Credit

who by

in the

his infinuations

Gain among the Courtiers, that every one

lefs than to get a Commiflion, and fo going a Commander to the
Indies make up his Mouth, and become fuddenly rich. Firfl Francifco Bombadilla
prevailing^ was fent with full Commiflion to fucceed Columbus in Hijpaniola
;

had hinted
fludied no

fo

much

the matter of

where no fooner Landing, but he exercised the extremity of his Authority, and
Seizing the Admiral and his Brother, fetter'd their Hands and Feet, and put them
aboard on two feveral Ships for Spain

where no fooner

arriv'd,

but the King,

not altogether forgetting former Services, commanded them to be unmana*

cled, and waited on, not as Prifoners, with a civil Retinue to his Court j

where they were well entertain'd three years. But they being active Perfons,
weary of fo long repofe, got a fecond Grant to make farther difcoveries, and
fet forth the ninth of May, Anno 1504. with four Sail well appointed from
Cadi^ and had a fair Paffage from thence to Hijpaniola, where begun the Storm.
for Bombadilla,

who

had by the Kings Commiflion

his Brother, as aforemention'd,

the King, fo

much

as to

he was forc'd to

fleer

cane, or fudden

ftrefs

would not

Land, and there

on

to the

furTer

fo evil treated Columbus

Hh very tad
his fourth

facet; in

Ex P edltlon

and

him, though reconciled to

refrefh themfelves

and their

Men

fo

Guamixa and Feragua, where a Huri*

Iflands

of Weather funk two of his VefTels

two

the other

flan-

ding off to Seaefcap'd bilging, but fo matter' d and leaky, having alfo fhipp'd.

abundance of Water, they Were refolv'd to put in at Jamaica

where weary
with the long Voyage, and hatter'd with the Tempefl, many of his Sea-men,
fpent with ficknefs, after their Landing, died. To thefe his fufferings from
-

Wind and Weather, and

hapned

his

Vtancifco Torefio,

Enemies abroad, a greater and

intefline mifchief

one of his chief Commanders, abfolutely rebell'd,

and deferting him, with another Party of his Sea-men went into Hifyaniola
which the Iflanders obferving, refolv'd to famifli him, keeping from him both
Water and all other Provifions which had not Columbus flav'd off by a handfom Invention, they had compleated their Defign, which was this He told
them that he was the offspring of the Moon, and if they refus'd to fupply
:

his

want, the Moon,

ing what

fhould

e're

in vindication

of her Son, would famifli them, by fpoil-

they had planted or fow'd

know by

a fign,that

on fuch

and that

this

Night, fhe rifing

would prove

true they

in her full glory, fliould

look red, and afterwards by degrees lofe a great part of her light which
indeed fo hapned, being Ecclips'd, as he could well prognosticate
and after

firfl

that, they being ignorant

of the caufe, fuppli'd him with

all

Neceffaries.

But

'(

<J[
But

M E%^I C

III.

not able to endure the Sea with his fmall Boats, refolv'd to fur-

Vorefio,

much preventec
made him his Prifoner.

but Columbus fo

prize one of the Ships that lay before Jamaica

Fights with Porejim

Chap.

A.

him, that meeting him in his return, after a hot difpute

But thus ended not his misfortunes for the Veflels which he fought in foon
after funk, and no fhip to be found in Jamaica totranfporthim thence. Laftly,
;

he agreed with Tome Indian Fifhermen, to carry DidacoMendo^a to

St.

Vommica,

might hire two VelTels to carry him back to Spain which De^
where after he had refrefh'd him*
fign taking effect, he arrived there in fafety
felfat the Spanijh Court, after his fo long and unfortunate a Voyage he fell

that there he

Tick,

and died on the eighth of May 1506.

grew more out of order for 'Bomhadilla joyning with Ximenes, refolv'd to hoard up a huge Treafure of Gold,
of which King Ferdinand
though with the infinite oppreflion of the Natives

Mean

while, the Affairs of Hijpaniola

having intelligence, fent Nicholas Olanda thither with thirty Sail

nominated Vice-Roy, anchored in forty days before Hifpaniola.

and Ximenes

arriv'd, but Bombadilla

fled,

who

being

No

fooner

leaving their vaft Treafure,

amount-

which guarded with four hundred Spaniards in twenty four Ships was fent to Spain
but fo it hapned, that they were
all fwallowed up in the main Ocean, none knowing to this day in what Laing to ten hundred thoufand Ducats

titude they

were

loft.

Sect.
Pietro Alponfo

\Ietro Ts(igno,

VI.

Nigno

his Voyage.

encouraged by fome of thofe that had been with Columbus at the

own charge,

Ides of Pearl, Rigg'd out a Ship at his

Commlffion, that he

fliould not touch

on any Coaft within

any Place Columbus had formerly difcover'd.

and what he was commanded

with fpecial order in

But. he

for Sailing into the

fifty

obfervM

his

Leagues of
his

Orders,

Haven Curiam, he

bartered

little

abundance of Pearls,which the

Ifknders brought aboard, for he himfelf having but thirty Men, durft not vena
Shells, Needles, Glafs,

ture afhore.
Defcriptioaofcn4*.

Toys

and iuchlike

Twenty days this

but finding at

laft,

Trifles, for

bartering

in

Hovels built of Wood, and cover'd

before their Doors lay great Hills of Oyfter-fliells, the

Fifh being eaten, and the Pearls us'd for an ornament

fants, Pigeons, Geefe,

and

their

Bread

thick and fliady

Pearls for

that they were a civil and hofpitable People, he

Landed, where they entertain'd him

with Palm*Leaves

Trade continued, Orient

Conies, Hares, Phea

Ducks, Deer, and wild Swine, are their ufual Food

made of the Roots of Trees. Moreover,Crid?w abounds with

Woods, which refound in the night with the cries and roar-

is

ings of wild Beafls

but though they are terrible

Natives ftoutly venture

fierce

and voracious, yet the

them arm'd onely with

Bowes and Arrows. The Inhabitants are of Complexion tawny, their Hair
long and curl'd their Teeth they keep white with an Herb, which they continually hold betwixt their Lips.
The Women perform their bufinefs of
Husbandry, Ploughing and Sowing. The Men are Soldiers, following the
bufinefs of

War

in

amongft the

thickefl of

but in Peace their Exercifes are Hunting and Dancing.

They keep annual Fairs, where from all Parts of the Countrcy they bring their
Commodities to buy and baiter. They have their Gold from Cauchieta, fix
days Sail Weft ward from Curiana.

Thither

Chap.

came to an Anchor thereon

of Oftober, Anno 1500. The Inhabitants en wed aboard without the lead
or fear of danger, and brought with them to barter, Gold, Civet*

Thither
the

AMERICA.

III.

firft

fhinefs,

H'tgno

next

directed his courfe, and

Cats, Parrots, and Cotton.

Thefe People, though

fo civil, are extreamly jealous of their

Wives

for

when a Spaniard made addrefs to one of them, and coming fortieth ing clofe,
her Husband ftept in fuddenly between, and feem'd to forbid the Banns.
But
coafting onward along the Shore from thence to another lOe, he found Natives far more wild and falvage: for two thoufand in a Body well Arm'd,
flood ready to intercept their Landing

courfe to

Tack about, and

Way

wherefore he thought

it

his fa feft

return to Cur tana whence he came.

from thence, he fell amongft eighteen of the Cannibals

Boats, which according to their cuftom had been a Man-Mealing, and now
were fo hardy, that fetting upon the Spanip? Ship, they fuddenly. clapt him
aboard with their Canoos on all fides but being beaten back by the terror of
In his

not

far

JSiigne Fi jhts

with

the

Cannibals.

Guns, they foon

their

took one of the Boats with

retired: yet the Spaniards

two Men, all the reft faving themfelves by fwimming. One of the two Men
lay bound Hand and Foot, who told them, that he was to have been kill'd the
next day and eaten, as he faw his Companions, with whole

Flefli

they ban-

queuing kept a jovial Feaft. Nigno unbinding the Prifoner, gave him leave
to do what he pleas'd with the taken Cannibal,who falling upon him, cudgel/d
and whipped him to death.

Then

lS(igno in his

Way

to Cur'tana touch'd

he found a flrange kind of Salt, which the Sea

upon
in

tempeftuous Weather

the Shore, which afterwards hardens by the Sun.

before any Rain

fall, elfe it

melts and foaks

away

This

Salt

into the

where
cafts

Strange Salt J

on

muft be taken up

Ground
;

times grows fo hard as a Stone, infomuch that they

fels

the Coaft of <Parla }

make Pots and

yet fome-

other Vef-

of ic which the Marians barter for foreign Commodities.

5

]S(igno

not making here any flay, returned a fecond time to Curiana, where

he fpent twenty days in pleafant Paflimes, being Lodged in a Noble-mans

Houfe, at whofe Door was fix'd a Cannibals Head, as a Trophy of his Vi
ftory.

He faw

at a Fire, fo

there alfo the dead Bodies of divers eminent Perfons

hardned to be

fet

amongft

fet

drying

their Idols.

homewards, and carried with him an invaluable

Treafure in Pearls to Spain
but by the way fell out w ith his Sea-men,
becaufe he kept moft of the Purchafe to himfelf, and would not give them
their fliares, nay more than that, kept back the fifth part from the King;
whereupon being complain'd of by Ferdinando de Vega, Governor of Gallkia,
he was put in Prifon, and at laft fent to the Court, where the Pearls were

At length Nigna

fet Sail

declared free Prize, becaufe Nigno had bartered for

them

to the Kings Orders, not to touch at any Coaft, within

Columbus had difcover'd.

But

fince he

at Guriana, contrary

fifty

Leagues of what

Commands
Quriana, who

King Ferdinand fent Governors to

in his Name fhould look after, and employ Men for the catching the Pearl*
Oyfters. Thefe, accompanied with a considerable number of Soldiers, befides
fix Monks, fore'd the Inhabitants to furnifh them with abundance of Pearl
which opprejfion grew to fucha heightri, that one Morning a great Party of
them confpiring together, fell fuddenly upon them, moft of them being mafTa:

after they

had a while infultingly triumphed over the dead Bodies, and

finifh'd,as they thought, their

&mm&V&*b'

had no way regarded thofe

to preferve that Pearl-Trade,

cred

Strange Corps*

good work

(feafting
I

on

their Flefh at a joyful

Banquet)

Cruel dealings in Curiam*.

6<

x(^

I C A*

Chap

III,

Banquet) thofe few that efcap'd Sail'd to the Ifland Dominic, the Governor of which Didacus Columbus, Son to the famous Ckrijiopher , being incens'd

Captain Ocampo with three hundred Men to Curiam where

fury ? without diftinction of Sex or Age, he flew all he met with;

immediately
in his

firft

fent

But bccaufe they themfelves could not follow the rich Oyfter*catehinff he
fpar'd fome for that purpofe, whom he commanded to build twenty five little

Houfes, or Hovels,on the Shore, which he call'd

went on

Up*

Toledo.

After chis they

afrefli in their Pearl-fifliing.

Sect.

V-

the Voyage of Vincent Agnes Pinzon.

He

of December, Anno 1499. Vincent Pinion fet Sail with four VefTek
out of the Haven falos
he had been Commander of a Ship under
Columbus in his firft Expedition, by which means he got great experience in
Navigatidn. When he came a little beyond the Hejperides, he was furpris'd by
firft

which in three days drove him before a plain Coaft. where

Landing, he found nothing but the Footfteps of Men and in the night he
faw great Fires, fuchas are generally made in Camps about day-break twen-

a great Storm,

ty Spaniards march'd thither,

whom thirty two Men,

Arrows, made ready to encounter

fer'd them Peace, but they refilled

arm'd with Bowes and

but as they approached, the Spaniards prof-

all

Composition
}

yet having faced

one an-

other a while, they retreated without fighting.

After this Tin^on difcover'd a wide, but fhallow River where Landing, on
a Hill he met a great company of Jmericans
He, to invite them to Trade,
>

threw them a Shell

;

jVacwVAttnge Fight,

when

in return for

the Spaniard went: to take

which they cafthima lump of Gold which

up they all fell upon him and indeed he

could not have defended himfelf long, had not fome of his

Company

quickly

come

Chap.

A"M E 2^1

III.

A.

5?

llBi

come

in to his fpeedy refcue, which occafion'd a

ral Spaniards

bloody Con flict, wherein feve*

wer e wounded, eight kiird,and one of their fmall Boats

funk.* for

the Americans fought fo valiantly ,that they purfu'd the Spanijh Ships into the Sea.
{Pinion

being at

laft freed

of thefe AfTailants, got into a frefh-water Sea, caus'd

by the confluence of many Rivers falling in there from hence he got fight of
the Tartan Cqaft, and with admiration beheld a Tree which fixteen Men could
not compafs Between thefe Trees he fawas ftrange a Monfter, the foremofl:
:

part refembling a Fox, the hinder a

Ears like an

Owl

Monkey

the Feet
?

were

like a

under whofe Belly hung a great Bag,in which

A remarkable Beaft,

Mans, with

it

carry'd the

Young, which they drop not, nor forfake till they can feed themfelves. Tin^pn
caught one of them with _three Young, which died in the Voyage but the
,

Dam he prefented

alive in Granada to the

King.

This Captain having SailM fix hundred Leagues along the Tartan Coaft,
in a great Tempeft two of his Carvils in his view were overfet, their Keels
turn'd

and

upward

full

the third driven

from her Anchor, and

the fourth fo fhaken,

of Leaks, that ready to link they ran her afhore to fave their

lives

and

though he efcaped himfelf the danger okdrowning, then being afhore, yet he
was no ways freed from far greater inconveniences- for he law nothing but
death either for want of Provifions

whereupon they

upon

or barbaroufnefs of the Inhabitants

reiolv'd to free themfelves of their miferies

killing one another

ans

by

felf-flaughter,

but fome better advifed to fpend their Lives like

the unbelieving Salvages

Storm ceafed, and Providence prefented

before the Wind ; at which every one taking

their fafety, the

in

frefh courage, they

two matter'd

fetting Sail,

Haven

they

Ships as well as they could

came on

Qbrtfti-

Whilft they were in this defperate condi*

tion, the

the

Ship driving

mended

wherein venturing to Sea, and

the laft of September, Anno 1500. into the Spanijh

falos.

Sect,

Great Storm."

AMERICA
Sect.

Chap.llju

V.

The Expedition of Americus Vefputius.

Merlcm Vefyut'w a

Florentine,

Commanded

four Ships,

fitted

out at King

Charge, fetSail the twentieth ofA%, Anno 1497. and refrefhthe Canaries, from thence he fteer'd to Taria-, where he fo much gain'd

Ferdinand's

incr at

upon

the Inhabitants, that for Pins, Bells, Looking*glaffes,

and other

Trifles,

they daily brought aboard in Barter great ftore of Gold, thebeftof Merchandife.
The manner

of^the Inha-

Thefe People, both

bitants in Paria,

Men and Women

go ftark naked, not fo much as co-

Complexion fwarthy they (have off all their Hair,

onely fome Women leave a Tuft on their Heads. From their Faces, being
broad and flat, one may judge them to be derived homTartary they much exceed the Europeans in Running and Swimming, infomuch that the Women oftentimes without any Boats, or floating pieces of Timber, venture two or

vering their fudenda

their

three Leagues into the Sea

exceed almofr,

all

Arrows headed with fharp

Fifli-

Men

in the

The Women follow

the

of Horfes to carry Ammunition and other NecefTato which Labor they are fo us'd, that they will bear on their Shoulders

Wars, andferve
;

other Nations, having

they alio ufe Lances and Clubs.

bones

ries

they have fo great skill in Shooting, that they

forty,

nay

fifty

in ilead

Leagues together, fuch Luggage,

as three Spaniards are fcarce

from the Ground. They acknowledge no Commander or Superior either in Wars or Government they keep up old Feuds, fighting with an
inveterate hatred againfl their Neighbors, upon antient fcores and revenges,
and alfo Mill
Hill kept in memory of their Relations flain in former Battels

able to

lift

creating

frefli

animofities

upon

their Loffes in later

Engagements.

Their
kind of lifping, and

fmooth and pleafing, being fpoken with a

abfolutely different from the neighboring Nations. When they eat they fit
upon the Ground, and lleeping lie in Hammocks, each end whereof being fanned to a Pofl underneath they kindle a Fire over them they hang Fifh-nets

Language

is

and Hooks,

Fifli-baskets

and

When

Calabafl?es.

ture by evacuation, they retire into

they have occafion to eafe

fome private Place

but the

Women

Na-

think

make Water, even in the prefence of ftrange Men. They

obferve not fingle Matrimony for every Man takes as many Women as he
pleafes, under bonds of Wedlock fuch and fo Height, that he turns them off ac
his pleafure
and Women take the fame liberty in cafheering their Husbands
when not pleafing them. They bring forth Children with little or no pain,

it

no immodefty

to

and warn them

ufual work and

in a

River fo foon

bufinefs.

as

which done they return to their

incens'd againfl: their Husbands, they

born

When they

are

Their Houfes are built in

revenge themfelves by poyfoning their Children.

thefafhion of a Houfe-clock, with a
lars like the Bell,

that they afford

and covered with Palm^Leaves

room

remove, becaufe

Roof raised from

(as

for fix

hundred

they fay) the Air

Men
is

the

Wall upon four

fome of which are

Pil-

fo big,

every feventh or eighth year they

oftentimes infe&ed by

Mens

Breaths,

one place. Their Riches confift in Feathers of

divers colours, Strings of Fifli-bones intermingled with green and white
Beads, with which they adorn thejr Heads, Arms, Legs, Ears, and Cheeks
Gold and Pearls they make little account of and as to Trade and Commerce
with

by

their

long continuance

in

AMERICA.

Chs
lap,
with other People, they

know

not what belongs to

61

Their greateft Friendfiiip confifts in proftituting their Daughters or Wives to one another.
Their
Dead they bury in moid Grounds., and put with them both Meat and Drink
When any Perfon grows very weak by lingring Sicknefs,
into the Graves
it.

they carry the Difeafed into a neighboring Wood, where they lay him in a Silk
Hammock, tied between two Trees 3 then dancing the whole day about him,,
-

at nicrht they fet

Bread and Water enough by him to

parting look no more after him,

it

happen

<Tod.

that

one recover,

When any

one

falls

till

he

falls

down

Sometime they

Legs.

fet

Arms nor

faft

Jucha y Chambi, or Igname.

his Relations for the future

him

but

if Co

honour him

as a

put

him

in

him

before

to Bed.

They

before a great Fire, then drive

laft

him

and Calves of their

Feet, but in their Sides

four days together, which they fuppofe a great

their Health.

means to preferve

thus neglected feldomefcape

almoft breathlefs, and at

neither Let blood in the

four days, and then de-

into a Fever, his Friends immediately bathe

cold Water, and afterwards

them

all

who

laft

Laftly,

Their Bread

confifts

no Lyon devours

his

of a fort of Fruit

called

Prey with more voraci-

ous eagernefs, than they their taken Enemies.

Vefyutiik being fully informed concerning the Situation of Taria, weighed

Anchor, and on thefixth day after entred a convenient Harbor, where going
Pofts :' a very itae village
found twentyJ Houfes built in the middle of a Lake on great
afhore,he
'
O
built on Poles.
the
other.
every Houfe had a Draw-bridge, over which they pafs'd from one to

So foon

as the Inhabitants fet eye

on the

Spaniards, they

immediately drew up

fome of them in twelve little Canoos came towards the Spa}

mJJ? Ships, but amaz'dto fee their Looms fo big, durft not^ though hal'd with
figns, to come aboard, but hailed away to a high Mountain yet feem'd to fig*
nifie that they would return, as indeed they did, bringing fixteen Maids along
with them, of which they put four into zSpariifh Boat, themfelves in the inte=
rim rowing between the Ships from one to another, (hewing all tokens of
friendfhip, when on a fudden a Company of old Women came running to the
Shore, and tearing the Hair from their Heads, made a terrible noife and excla*
mation, expreffing the greater! forrow they could poffible whereupon the
four Indian Maids iuddenly leap'd overboard, and the Men fliot abundance of
Arrows out of their Boats at the Ships nay, fome of them fwimming under
their Bridges

yet

strange Fight.

Water, endeavored to fink the Cock-boats which-were made faft behind their
Ships. "Upon this fudden Onfet the Spaniards making ufe of their Guns, quick-

number of the Aflailants, infomuch that they fled

of them being overtaken, were carry'd Prifoners aboard.

ly leften'd the
yet five

to the Shore

mifdemeaning Carriages judg'd it no way

convenient to ftay any longer among; fuch barbarous and deceitful Salvages:
but having weighed Anchor, and Sail'd eighty Leagues along the Coaft, he
Vefputlus obferving thefe their

ran into another convenient Haven, whofe Shore fwarnVd with People, which

on

a fudden

running away, hid themfelves

in a neighboring

Wood.

Here the Spaniards Landing were amazed, when in their Huts they fa w 2>S%a n%i*r pre
Snakes and Serpents roafting before a Fire, whereof one had Wings, and ano*
ther whofe Mouth was tied together with a Rope, ftare.d with open eyes in a

frightful

manner.

Here they
them.

And

left feveral Trifles

this their

Defign prov'd fuccefsful

came aboard without the lead

nefsto the Spaniards

.ii

to entice the fled Natives to correfpond

fear,

and

for the next

with

day the Americans

offered to fliew their hofpitable kind-

th^y pleas'd to travel three days Journey with

them up
into

"

M E T^I C A

Chap.

had oncly rais'd thofe

into the Countrey, telling them, they
thofe Parts.
Seaside for a fmall time whilft they Filled in
Ths remaikabl
on

ci twenty thri

recepti-

ney

aids.

Spaniards

About twenty of the

**"*"

few Huts by

well Arm'd refolv'd to undertake the

Hills, Dales,

and travelling over

III.

and Rivers, they came

the

JouW

at laft into a

Houfes, but mightily peopled

Village confining of nine of the foremention'd
where they were in a wonderful manner received by their glad welcomes, by
Dancing, Singing, Hunting, and other joyful Acclamations, prefenting their

Wives and Daughters,

as the chiefeft part

of their hofpitality, to carefs the

The news was no

Strangers at their pleafure.

fooner fpread, but the adjacent

throngs to gaze upon, and falute the Strangers, inviting them

The Spaniards taking it in good part , fpent nine days
alio to their Towns.
among them, highly treated with all manner of jollities, but efpecially at their

came

Villages

in

choice with the varieties

otfenm

from thence then returning

to their Fleet,

accompanied with thoufands of the Natives every one carrying Prefents to the
3

Admiral

Vefputius

of whom as

many

as they

could at once receive, they enter-

taining aboard, then difmifs'd them, and admitted others

off, they fuddenly leap'd from the Decks, and div'd like

but the Guns going

Ducks under Water

But afterwards being informed, that fuch thunder-claps were fent them from
Heaven to deftroy their Enemies, they were fomewhat better fatisfi'd, and
calPd the Spaniards, Charabi, that

This

is,

Wife JMen.

Bay, in twenty Degrees of Northern LatiStarboard, and Sail'd. along a Meandring Coaft

Ifiand lying in the Mexican

tude, Vefputius

left

on

his

(which he always kept in fight) eight hundred and fixty Leagues, and at laft
entred a Haven, the like whereof he had not feen before. Here he fpent a
Moneth in repairing his Ships, to which the Inhabitants freely gave their afliand among other things complained, that afalvage People came yearly
thither from an liland about a hundred Leagues diftant, who fell upon,them
with horrible rage, and whomfoever they took they eat, but firft inflicted all

ftance-

manner of tortures upon them, fparing none, but together rnurthering aged
People and fucking Infants wherefore they crav'd affiftance to be reveng'd,
which if the Spaniards would grant, they would follow the Fleet with their
Boats. Vefputius promis'd his aid to deftroy fuch a blood-thirfty People ^ and
ordered feven of them to
to allure them that he would perform his Word, he
go in Qanoos before and fhew them the Way. On the feventh day they came
to an Anchor before the Ifiand By , where the Shore was guarded with naked
Men, whofe Bodies being ftrong and brawny, were painted, and their Arms,
;

Legs, and Head, adorn'd with divers coloured Plumes, having not onely ofFen*
iivt Weapons, as Bowes, Arrows, and Launces, but ajfo defenfive, huge Targets,
with the

and fquare

Shields.

So foon

as they judg'd the

approaching Spaniards to

them

be within reach, they

mot

a great flight of Arrows at

clofe along the Shore

with

his Ships,

did great execution

yet notwithstanding about forty Spaniards leaping afliore

the found of

Horns

but Fejputius lying

hYd upon them with Chainfhot, which

out of their Boats, found themfelves in no fmall danger

upon

flocking together, fo prefs'd

for the Cannibals

upon them

that they

Guns, and fall to Blows, and had not timely aftwo hours the
fiftance come to them, they had undoubtedly been all flain
Victory was doubtful on whofe fide it would fall yet at laft the Cannibals
quieting the Field, left the Spaniards Victors ; who the next day purfu'd th'eir

were

fore'd to lay afide their

gotten Victory with fuch fuccefs, that they drove their Enemies before them,

burnt their Villages and Boats, and carry 'd two hundred and two and twenty
9
of
v

Chap.

III.

of them. Priloncrs to Spain

M E %I C

where they

A.

6^

fafely arrived the 15.

of November

Anno

1408.

This good fucceis To encourag'd Vejputius, that having ftay'd fcarce feven
Moneths afliore he obtaining the Command over fix Ships, with which he
fet Sail from Cadi^, and touching upon the Qmaries , Steer'd from thence
Southerly
and having Sail'd five hundred Leagues, he difcover'd a Countrey
overflowed and made Marifliy by great Rivers, and abounding with Trees, but
.

Vtff mitts fecond

E xped j.

tkn.

faw no

(ign

of any Inhabitants

took a Boat with two Prifoners

the Cannibals

which

refused to

coming before an Ifland,he

and fent as a Prefent to feafl

yet not long after,

newly guelt %
Treat on any other account whatfoever
,

where-

Leagues forward along the Shore of an unknown Ifland,

where he Barter'd for fome Gold, and got five hundred Pearls for one finale
fore he Sail'd eighty

Shell

thefe Pearls, the Inhabitants faid

Neighboring Enemies

their

which

were not found

from
Weftward, and had abundance of

liv'd

there, but taken

them.

Nothing worthy of remark happen'd

(litutions

About

of a wild People, living on a barren

their

Necks hung two hollow

Worts, and Herbs

into their

in this

and the other,

Mouths, feeding

put into the bruis'd Herbs

Strange conftiturion of',&

falvage people.-

Ifle,

Veffels

deferve to be mentioned.

the one full of white ftamp'd

of Grafs, which they greedily cram'd

full

like Cattel

Voyage, onely the flrange con.

then a Stick wetted with Spittle, they

taking upon the end of

upon the point of a

ECnife,fome of the bruis'd to their Mouths,which (as if chawing the Cud) turning therein,then taking out again, and flrowing more of the fame Herbs out of
die Veftel upon it, fwallow'd it down. No frefh Water was to be had amonoft
:hem, but what they gathered from the Dew in great Leaves
Neither had
they any Houfes, but dwelt under great Trees, and fed on dry'd Fifh.
The next remark in this Voyage, was the difcovery of an Ifland not far from s^se i^ure of me
the former, where he found the Footfleps of a Gigantick People, upon which &**%
nine Spaniards went a League to fearch the Countrey, where they faw five
,

it,

as

'

slants.

great

Huts,

young

(landing in a fpacious

Women

Valley

and

each of them being twice as

old ones invited the Spaniards to eat

in

them two old, and three

tall as

who when

an ordinary

they were

fat

Man

The

down, con fak-

how

they might take and carry one of thefe GianteiTes to Spain, there to
(hew her for Money, thirty fix Giants came in to them, (never did the Sun
ing

Chine

on a more

terrible People)

which

fo

amaz'd the

Spaniards, that their

Hair

feem'd to ftand an end at the fear thereof:

Bow

and Arrows, and a Club

Every Giant was arm'd with a

They wondering at the nine Grangers, flood

talking very earneflly one to another

which gave the

of making their efcape

it

convenient to difcharge their Guns

fome judg'd

on them, and in the Smoke to run away

ter

to take a milder courfe,

which they

Spaniards

others thought, that

all

agreed on

it

time to think

would be

and taking

up*.

bet-

their leave,

went out of the Hut, but were followed by the Giants, who kept a Stones can:
behind them, and went fafler or flower , as the Spaniards flacken'd or mended
their

pace

who

at laft getting to the Shore,

and from thence into

:hey fuddenly put off; but the Giants then purfu'd

their Boats,

them with eager

fpeed, all

them leaping into the Water, and Swimming, mot abundance of Arrows
ifter them
but frighted by the Thunder of two great Guns that were dif5f

:harged from the Ships,

reuurn'd afliore,

and

fled

intc the neighboring

rWls.
Vefl)utiii$

a M E%I C

6^

Chap.

A,

Ill,

began to conflder of returning home,- Lis Provificns be^in*

ning to grow fcarce, and his Sea-men faint, having continu'd in the Equino*
wherefore he directed his courfe towards Spain,
iftiai heats a whole year
Vefpttthw at lad

Voyage, driving along the Coaft an advantagious Trade by bartering

Shells and Glafs for Pearls.
The Inhabitants prefented him with Oyfters, of

in his
Description of the Pw-ail

Oy.kis.

which fome inclos'd one hundred and thirty Pearls when they attain to their
full growth, they fall out of the Shells themfelves, but thofe that ftick, decay.
So upon the tenth o IS^oVember, the Fleet came fafe to an Anchor before Qadi^
;

Vefputius third Expedi

After which, Vcfyutius retired to SeYd, with intent to

himfelf there, but

fettle

tion.

he had not long repos'd

when

Emanuel King of'Portugal lent for

him

to Liihon y

and gave him the

Command

of three Ships, to difcovernew Countreys

tween the

and

they pafs'd thorow fo marty Fifhes (not unlike a

Bream

Canaries

Africa,

that in an hours time they loaded their Boats with

them

be-

this Fifh

hath a round thin Scale, fharp Teeth, Stones in their Brains or Foreheads, a
fliarp pointed Heart, a Bladder full of Wind, red Tail and Fins, feeds on Sea
Weeds, Gurnets and Oyfters, and is of a delicious Tafte.

From

thence, five degrees Southward of the Equinox, he found a naked.

People on the top of a high Rock, that beckon'd the Spaniards to come towards
them; upon which, two of them refolv'd to venture thither, having order not
Cruel deed of fome /**(tn

Women

to ftay at the

Women, who

moft above

days

five

The

incounter they had was of fome

firft

offer'd their bodies to proftitution

;

but a Youth, as

if affrighted

with fome fudden danger, came running amongft them, whom, whilft they
flood gazing upon, and wondering at, an old Woman with a great Club, running down the Hill overtook, and knock'd him down dead upon the ground;'
which done, the Women that were making Court to the Spaniards , took him

by

the Heels, and dragg'd

up the

Hill,

where foon

after they

faw him chop'd

BroyPd, and eaten They alfo made figns to the Spaniards, that they
would devour them alfo in the fame manner. The Shore Was crouded with
Men , which fli owr'd upon them feveral flights of Arrows wherefore they

in pieces,

thought

it

beft to

Weigh Anchor,

fo taking

Aboard

their

two Men, and having

SaiFd 150. Leagues, they got fight of the Coaft of Brajile, along which he Sail'd
Southerly to fifty two Degrees , where three <Brafilians came Aboard of their

own

accord

and were

eafily

perfwaded to go with him to

(Portugal
5

but the

Weather growing very bad, and the Cold intollerable, the Storms fwelling
the Waves into the bignefs of Mountains
Vefyutim left the Coaft des Tatagones,
and the Streigkts, afterwards call'd Magellan, behind him, burnt one of his Ships
,

before Cape Sierra Leona, and brought

,;

Vefputius fourth Expedi-

tion.

two

fafe to Lubon.

His fourth Expedition happen'd, May

Anno 1503. at which time he

10.

Steer'd directly with fix Sail to Sierra Leona,

and approaching the Coaft, could

not come to an Anchor, becaufe of the ftrong eddying Currents
Three Degrees beyond the Equinox appeard a rifing Iiland , two Leagues loner, and
one broad, defticute of Inhabitants his beft Ship being fix hundred Tun, fplic
:

>

here again!} a Rock, and nothing of her

fyutim
Sca-Spider Sj and Dragons,

Rowing

afhore with a Boat

was

faved, but the

Sea-men

found a convenient Haven

But Ve-

with abun^

dance of fwect Water, high Trees, Sea-Spiders, and horrible Dragons, which
have a fliarp Head, round fiery Eyes, and wide Mouths, ^Wings not unlike a
Bats,

a fpeckled Breaft, curl'd Tail,

Satchel Triangular

were under

blew Back, and two Bags

their Bellies

Spiders, by their hard Feet, long ripper Teeth,

and double Belly

5

No

lefs

two long

between the Head and the Belly

like a

drawn

ftrange are the Sea-

Sheers or Pinchers,

lies a

black Skin, with

which

Cliap* Ilh

M E<\I C

which they darken the Water ? when any one goes to take them in tne nighty
they make a great fhadow ; they feed on Fifli , the Female lays little white
Eggs, not unlike ordinary Hail-ftones.
Vefyutius having left this defolate Ifle, three hundred Leagues a Stern, enter'd
a Haven, to which he gave the name of St. Abdy, where he ftay'd two Months
expecting the return of thofe which he had fent into the Countrey

but feeing

wait any longer, he proceeded on his Journey, and Sailing in between the Abrelbos, in the River Curubabo, he built a ftrong Fort, Garrifon'd it

it

in vain to

with twenty four Men, twelve pieces of Ordnance, and Provisions for fix
Moneths Five Moneths Vejputius had fpent in the building this Cattle when
:

he return'd home with one Ship, laden with Bra/ill Wood, where approaching
beyond all expectation , the Inhabitants of the City ran to Congratu*
Lisbon
late his happy return. And from this Americas Vefyutius, the NeD? World is to thig
,

day

called America*

Sect. VIL
The Expedition of Alphonfo, Fogeda, Diego Nicuefa, Ancifus'i
Colmenares.

AMericus Vefyuths was

three hundred

'and

Roderick

when Fogeda fet Sail with

Haven of Hijpaniola , to the

fcarce fitted out in Lisbon,

Men from

Beata

the chiefeft

Ifland Codego, inhabited

by Naked People, but of comely Perfonage^and withal

expert and moft excellent Archsrs
Here he found a very ftrange Tree, Wonderful Tree oh ad*,:
which bears a Fruit not unpleafing to the Palate yet deadly Poyfon and be,
fides
whoever chances to fleep under their fhadow loofe both their under(landing and Eycfight, and never attain to their former
Sences
except they
take fome Opiates, as dangerous, and fo by long
deep, recover.
Here Fogeda fet upon a poor Village near the Sea^fide, where without mercy I^do crUelr/ 3nd ^$ mz
:

'

&

'[

he

^^Km^

Sword, except a few Youths which were o'nely faved

that they might inform Fogeda, what was become of the (lain and taken Spaniards.; Who told him, that according to their Cuftom, they had Roafted the
Here having
dead, and alfo their living Prifoners, and feafted on their Fleih.
burnt the Houfes and lifting the Afhes, Nkuefa found fome Gold. But now

he put them
I

all to the

they began to be diftrefs'd for Provisions

had given order to

Famine.

Marfhal

Ancifus,

Army

a Ship of Victual, for the

veniencies, moft of the Spaniards

in ffijpaniola,

of which,

T>{icuefa

that he fliould follow

with

But he being kept back by inconwere famifti'd, fo that the three hundred Meri
to Qodega,

were reduced to fixty. And he was alHifpaniola, when jinc ij"us Anchored in the Haven of Codegoos,

which Codega brought from

ready under*Sail to

for prevention

Hifftaniola,

fome Meri afhore to mend -Ms Boat and fetch frefti Water, which
Three days
whilft they Were doing, the Natives came flocking about them
they fac'd one another, ufing no Hoftility , when at laft a Spaniard that underadventuring to fetch Water, he was immediately
stood the Qodegan Tongue
when fpeakingto them, and informing them in their own Lan*
encompafled
guage, That he was none of Fogedas or lS[icuefas People , which not long fince
and

fent

Strange accident.'

had committed

fo great Daughter,

told them, that Ancifus

Ancifus efeapes great danger.

would

they

left

him, and the rather, becaufe he

take revenge on them, if they did any

wrong

to

him. Thus quieted, they brought all forts of Provifions Aboard. Mean while,
Ancifus Sail'd to the Main Continent Uraba, where in the Mouth of a Haven he
ran his VefTel a-ground,which was bilg'd the Sea-men taking fome Arms along
;

with them, fav'd their lives by fwimming afliore where, their firft fuftenance
they found was ftore of Peaches and Cherries, which was a great refrefhment
in thofehot Countreys,butyet had undoubtedly been ftarv'd, but that in fearching the Wood for Fruits, they found Wild=Swine, which preferv'd their lives,
yet tLey were not free from apparent danger , having to deal with a Salvage
;

People, into whofe hands they were fo unfortunately caft by Sh'ipwrackj

how-

on the bufinefs, marching with a hundred Men up

into the Countrey, where fome of the Mrabanners from an ambufcade unawares,
with their Arrows wounded feveral of his Men, hereupon they retreated to
ever Jncifus fet a good face

the Shore of the River Daria, whither alfo they had brought the fmall Boats
fav'd

from

the

Wreck

where whilft they were

in confultation

to Hifftaniola, the Inhabitants having mufter'd themfelves,

of five hundred Men,

retreat,

and

fet

at laft to flie,

upon them

whom

who

Mean while

found
,

return

and making a Body

after a fharp Conflict,

Ancifus purfuing,

or Reeds a great Treafure of Gold.

how to

in a

made them

Thicket of Canes

2s[icuefa Sail'd

to the plen-

Golden Countrey Veragua with three Ships , of which he loft two, the
one Commanded by Lupus de Olana, and the other by Peter Umbria Olana, which
was ftranded in the River Veragua, which gives name to the whole Ifland, but

tiful

he built a

new

CarVil,

Little better fuccefs

with a few of

his

whereas that of Lupus Olana was bilg'd among the Rocks.

had

7s(jcuefd,

Men made

whofe Ship over-turning with a Tempeft, he

land upon Veragua, where he rang'd up and

down

manner defolate Shore feventy

days
All that time, finding no other Food than Wild Roots, who wandring
up and down, at laft met with Olana, a little before caft away on the fame Ifle,

in a miferable condition, on a barren,

and

in a

whom he

fecur'd, becaufe he

mander of

that Countrey.

for Ancifus,

fome

be reconcil'd,

till

prelum'd to ufurp the Title, and be prime

Upon which,

for Olana, the difference

the

the Spaniards being divided,

Comfome

more and moreencreafing, w ould not

Famine overpowering, mafter'd both,

fo that

not being
able

Chap.

Arms

able to handle their

means

M B%1 C

III.

time

in a fhort

the Salvages flew

6j

them

of feven hundred eighty

A.
at their pleafure

five,

work any thing upon

by

this

remained fcarce ninety

humor of Vaf*
dues Nunne^ who rebelling againfl dncijns, iplit that Imall remainder of Men,
and with the help of thofe he had drawn over to his Party made himfelf Goyet did not all this miiery

the ambitious

vernor oUraba

not poilible to be long enjoy'd without fpeedy fupply, which

foon after they received

Jnno

arrived there the 15. of OEtober,

at Sea
ter,

feven

loll forty

he

Men

Hifyaniola

with Provisions,

were

for whilft. they

tofs'd

filling their

Casks, feven

hundred of the Salvages came down upon them, and with their Poyfon'd
Arrows wounded and kill'd moil of them. Colmenares came in a good time to
the remainder under Ancifus

Command

it fit,

who was

cuefcij

among them about

confulting with fome of the

trefs againft, the alTauks

Men
by

partly

being

kill'd,

of them, to find out Ni-

partly

upon him, building a ForPromontory. Mormor, he was

lighted

mifery and hardihip they endur'd^ioft

fee the

by the

This

exceffive Heats, partly

by Famine, and

the cruelty of the Natives, fo that he had onely fixty remaining,

many of them

thofe

lafl

of the Enemies on the

glad to find him, but griev'd to

of his

chiefeit,

Superiority,

indeed the Governor that had the Grant from the King

agreed, Colmenares went to iearch, and at

Colmenares

alio lick

having deliver'd

His Grange reception.

being in danger of death for want of

Provifions, and rinding the factions that were

he thought

ceimmam Expedition.

twenty three days

to furnifh himfelf with frefh Wa-

having been

15 10.

then making into the River Gaira

from

for Colmenares Sailing

;

and

and weak.
his

MeiTage, TsQcuefa broke up his Quarters, and

went with him, but both himfelf and his Men were oppos'd from Landing by Nunne^- wherefore ls[icueja was neceflitated to Steer
whom, or what became of him was never known.
for Hifpamola
Kunne^ having thus quitted himfelf of Nicuefa, and now, more than ever,
wanting Provifion, he refolv'd to take out his own Commiflion at large, and
fetting up for himfelf, make no difciirnination of Perfons, Spaniards, or Na*
ileighting the Fort,

but to

tives,

And

firft,

make out
he

fell

his Fortune.

upon

Caretd

King of Qoita,

whom

he took Prifoner, Plunder*

him of all his Treafure and Provifions yet this fufficed not long, for foon
after, King Toncha invading Carcta, -f^nni^ took hold of that opportunity, and
incr

pretending to

alTift

Careta

being well recruited with his Forces,

fet iftoon

who immediately fled, and left all to the fpoil of his Enemies.
This News fo amaz'd Co?ogn^,another Kin2,that he profFer'd Peace

Con-

cha,

where-

Remarkable Paiiace of
King Comogrui.

upon

going thither, was nobly entertained in his Palace, being one hundred and fifty Paces long, and eighty broad, the Floors Pav'd with Stone, and
TSLunne^

the Roofs Vaulted, his Cellars were flor'd with Wine,

jtges

made of the Root jW.?,

and Mais- the Privy-Chamber was hung

Mummy'd

artificially

with Lent Fires,

round with dead bodies,

and were the Corpfes of Qomogrus Ance-

and others of the Royal Blood, and nearer! Relations, of whom fome
dy'd at leaft four hundred years before
each of thefe faften'd by Cordage

ilors

made of Reeds, were Habited, in Cotton,

Mean

while

a Hurricane happening

and hideous Gufts

fwelTd and

richly adorn'd with Pearls and Gold.

terrible

with Thunder and Lightaing,

fo enrag'd the Sea

that breaking

overrunning, drown'd the whole Champairi; thus the hopes of a

ycft. being utterly loft,- they furTer'd under a great Famine.

The
this,

its

bounds,

fruitful

Har*

which Encamp'd near the River Daria, on Uraha, perceiving

and knowing they had no manner of fupply from Hifyajiiola, and having
Spaniards

a Iread

AMERICA.

Chap.

III.

already Pillag'd the Neighboring Kings , that they had nothing left. Nunne^
marching thirty Leagues up the River, Plundered the Village , of which Dai-

*Xuntiez Exploits.

was King, where he found an unvaluable quantity of Gold, but little or

no Provihon. Here were many Flitter Mice, or Bats, bigger than Turtle
Doves, whofe biting was mortal unlefs immediately wafh'd with Salt Wa-

baiba

according to the information of the Prifoners.

ter,

Now as Ntmne^Uraba'Pilhgd
up

make

alfo for himfelf,

towards the South,

prize of

all

to the Eaft

fo did Qolmenares, fetting

with

fixty

Men

Rowing

up the River Daria, above twelve Leagues, where he found

in feveral Villages and Hamlets, and at KingTr>i's Palace, abundance, both
from thence he March'd to the mighty Province Abeof Provifion and Gold

againft the Stream

which though making fome refinance, at laft they fubdu'd.

And the neighboring King Abibeiba narrowly efcap'd the like fortune, whofe
Pallace was built on the tops of Trees, Plafh'd, and Pleited together, Timber

namchei,
A

ftrange Wallace built

on

Tiees.

Beams lying athwart

neceility forcing

them

fwoln above

partly, to avoid the Inundations of Rivers,

Turning the low Land
into a Sea.

to choofe fuch high Habitations,

their

bounds by fudden

and almoft afliduous Showres from the Mountains and partly, to be free
alfo being better able to defend
from the excurfions of fculking Robbers
themfelves in thefe Caftles in the Air, and alfo fecur'd by their heighth from
5

their Shot

being above the reach of their Indian Arrows

The

bodies of the

Trees downwards, upon which the Houfes are built,are generally twenty four
Fathom thick, fo that they cannot eaiily be cut down nor fired but Colme,

nares againft thefe, as they fuppos'd,

ry with feveral great Hurdles,

impregnable Forts, having made'a Galle-

Men

fet his

work under

to

that fafeguard,

with

Houfe flood who feeing his imminent

new manner of Storming, came down, promifing

Axes on the Tree whereon Abibeiba

danger, wondring at

this

him with Gold out of the neighboring Mountains, notwithftandbecaufe the Qannlbals generally
ing it would be with the danger of his Life
To this prpmife , Colmenares
kill thofe that adventur'd to dig in the Mines
hearken'd, and having fet him at liberty, for the performance, he in (lead there*
V,
r
^
of, on the contrary, itirr d up, and joyn d with all the Conquer d Kings, to
to furnilli

AViotonthespaHhrds,
ftrangely difcover'd.

deftroy
five

him and

his

Men

Nor were

, i

1 1

they flack to have executed their defign,

thoufand of them being already drawn together

at the Village Ttricbi,

the

appointed place of Rendezvous, and fo privately carry'd, that undoubtedly

had been

effected, if

not happily difcover'd by

Tfyinne^y amongfl: his other SlavelTes

it

this accident.

had one exceeding beautiful, on

which he was much Enamour'd, and fhe likewife feem'd to bear as great
an affection towards him, which fhe manifefted by declaring the fecret to
Nutmeg which her Brother had imparted to her , being an intended gene r
,

ral Maifacre the night

cape the day before

following, that fo fhe might the better

yet fo
;

much

on

this advice,

on a fudden

he utterly broke their defign

continued amongft them
that

fire

difcover'd the Plot.

fet fo fiercely

yet the Feuds

upon

John Quicedo to the Court,

2>{unne^not

the Confpirators, that

and Contefts for Superiority

which look'd with fo bad a Face

news thereof arriving in Spain, it was judg'dfit to fend
,

her ef-

fhe prefer'd the fafety of her Lover, before

the liberty of her Native Countrey, that

lleeping

make

to the

flill

mine of all,

for Colmenares,

and

there to render an account of all their Tranfactions,

Both going Aboard a fmall Veilel, were by Storm driven on the Coaft of Cuba,
where they were inform'd from a Priloner, that ValdiYia and Zamudio, driven
afhore by Shipwrack, and not able to defend themfelves, were furpriz'd by
the

M
Chap.

AMERICA.

III.

69

up and down along the

Coaft, had loft moft of his People by hunger, and other hardfhip, and himfelf with much ado getting to Hifpamola, dy'd as foon as Landed of the Wound
which he received by a Poyfonous Arrow, near the River Daria.
But much happier was Ancifus, who foon after Fogeda coming to Cuba,'found
a King, who fuffer'd himfelf to be Chriften'd, and call'd Commendator and
the Natives

and eaten

killed

that Fogeda driven

vyas*

***$*

building
a Church,' Confecrated
iD

it

SMary
to the Virgin
^
5*

;
'

in

it

he erected an

Image of Clay, refembling a Woman, which he clothed in a Cotton Garment round about were plac'd Pots with Meat and Water, according to their
old Idolatrous fafhion, otherwife, they believ'd their Idols would devour the

a jempje
the Virgin

dedicated to

Mary on

the

iflndc**.

though Chriftians, they did not forget.

Kay further, when he went to War, he carry'd the Image of the Virgin Mary
with him in the Front of his Army, often faying, Ave Maria ; and this was the
But afterwards Ancifus complained againft Vafcus Nunne%
end of that Voyage
Soiils

of the Dead, and

this,

where he received a Sentence very prejudicial to him. Col*

had alfo Audience there, whereupon matters being fettled 3

in the Spanifr Court,

menares

and

Ouicedo

a firm Government was eftablifh'd in Uraba*

Sect.
Peter Arias

his

VIII.

Expedition, and remarkable fajfages of

Vafcus Nunnez.

Knight, accompany'd with his Wife, Elizabeth ftoadilla, fet Sail

Anno 1514. but furpriz'd by a violent Storm, loft two Ships, and return'd
to Spain , yet not long after began his Voyage afrefh , notwithstanding he had
lately had fuch bad fuccefs, and heard of the great hardfhip which Nicuefa fuf*

PEter

Arias

Ma*fi&ffcr%\wffx:

having not onely kept himfelf alive a confiderable time by feeding on

of Dogs, and other fuch like Creatures a great Frog being fold in Vera-

fer'd,
flefri

gua for a lump of Gold.

But Vafchus Nunnez informed of Arias arrival the chief Governor oUraba 5
afterwards caird NeTfo Andalusia, minding to inrich himfelf before he moul^l depofehim, and hearing that feveral Gold Mines lay Southward from Uraba r
march'd thither with a hundred and ninety Men, thoroW great Rivers, Thickets, and Woods full of Wild Beafts, deep Vallies, and broad Rivers, not with*
out many hazards and difficulties. In the Mountainous Territory Quareauan,
the Inhabitants ingag'd him valiantly, with Bows, Arrows, Clubs, Woodden
,

Swords, Pikes and Launces, but frighted with the meer report of their MufdiiTipated and fled , but not fo faft, but that
quets, like flocks of wild Fowl
fix hundred of them fell by the hands of the Spaniards, or were worry'd by their
Dogs,train'd up on purpofe for the American Wars. Soon after,coming into the
,

Palace, there fate his Brother drefs'd up in

Womens

Apparel,

whom the

King

whereof Kurine^ being informed, in deteftaConcubine

tion of Sodomy, fet the Dogs upon him, who fuddenly tore him in pieces.
Amongft the flain were found feveral Negroes, which fuffering Shipwrack had
been caft on the American Shore, and maintained a continual War with the Quaraauanen, fo that if feem'd the Blacks which were found dead amongft them
kept to abufe, as

if a

Dcgsus diathewak

Sodomy hombiypumWd.

Yet K^unne^ was forc'd to leave a confiderable number of

his Men here, who being half ftarv'd, and quite tired out, were not able to
follow him
but with the remaining party he marched on, and at laft came to theS *XW"
the hi|gh Mountains, from whence he faw the great South*Sea and going thiwere

their Slaves

M E%^I C

7*

Chap.

J.

III.

was met by King Chiapes , leading an Army of thirty thoufand Men^

which great Body flood not long to make refiflance being terrifi'd with the
Vollyes of Shot, whofe Report the ecchoing Valleys prefented to their Ears,
double and trebble
And that which moft amaz'd and difanimated them in
the rout, were the Dogs, who fiercely purfu'd and feiz'd the flyers, tearing
away great morfels of Flefh. After the Battel, the Conqueror proffer 'd Peace,
which was agreed on, upon the delivery of feveral great Prefents of Gold. Afther,

ter that, Chiapes the

King, accompany'd with Nutmeg the Spanifh Commander,

and March'd with him over a broad River to (Joquera, where at firfl fome For*
whereupon, they alfo fuddenly flruck
ces made refiftance, but were routed
up a Peace, upon conditions, that the Prince, nam'd alfo Coquera, fhould return
;

Is in great danger

on the

South

hj

Here he found a handfome Bay running up in

a great quantity of Gold.

crooked Reaches, above

fixty

Leagues, which Nunne^calYd

fprinkled with Iflands, and treacherous with hidden Rocks.

(though diffwaded by

Qjiafes,

becaufe he

knew

St. Michael,

There

being

ISlunne^

the South*Sea at that time be-

Moneths of the Year, was exceeding turbulent, that no VefTel

could hardly live in it, yet) ventured with nine Indian Boats, and eighty Men
from the Shore into the Offin where, notwithstanding the high rolling of the
ing the three

laft

Wave,s, he got to an uninhabited Ifland, on which, being neceffitated to flay a

night,

the

Tide flow'd

that the higheft

much

Ground thereon,

the Spaniards having

Day approaching,
ther

fo

enough

to

do

according to the property of the South-Sea,

lay almoft covered with Water, every
to fave themfelves

from being walh'd away.

difcover'd a fecond inconveniency

were extremely Leaky, or elfefo

one of

for the Indian Canoos ei-

fhatter'd, that they

were

unfit for fervice;

yet notwithstanding all this, they ventur'd to return, rather choofing to be de'

vour'd in the Waves

than die of that hunger, whofe mifery they had

ently tailed, during the fmall time they had been out.

Conquered the King Tamaccm

in a Field Battel

Peace with great Prefents of Gold and Pearl.

Not long

after,

fuffici-

Nunne^

who thereupon purchased his.

He alfo fhew'd the Spaniards an

Ifland

Chap.

MER

III.

I C J.

whole fpiring tops were feen from the Main Land, which fo abounded
But the
n Pearls, that in no place were either more or fairer to be found
tCing who liv'd on it was exceeding powerful.
[fland,

Nutmeg immediately

when

middle of OBober,

low Sea,

many

as

Winds make

the South*Eail

times wafh'd

Weather was more

was the

refolv'd to Sail thither, notwithftandhig it

terrible,

away Trees and

fuch a turbulent and hol-

pieces of Rocks

-Betides, chc

by continual Lightning and great Thunder-Claps^

Days exceeding hot yet all thefe difficulties could

riot prevail, for Nunne^ would not ftay to expect fairer Weather, but went on,
md coming2 thither, he faw how the Indians Fifh for Pearls, which was Diving;
but the Weather being rough and foul, they durft not venture for
for Oyfters
:he "Nights

the

very cold,

Manner of Fifeg

'

,.

Pearls.

which lay

from the Shore.

But Ojimtezi leaving his fick and weary'd Men with Cbiapes , March'd quite
mother way back than he came and croiTing a great River, was receiv'd by
Prince Teaocba, who furnifli'd him with Gold, Pearls, Provifions, and Guides^
;he beft

far

'&&&t$a&%

flrhich

Luggage and 'Goods.

carry'd his

a great Oppreflor of all his Neighbors,

<Pacra,

^unne^j

which were
"carce

but

fled,

all fo

terrifi'd

with three other Princes,

threats, returned

with

Deform'd

hearing of the approach of

more

that

horrible Monfters were never feen,

any part about them refembling thofe of

Man

The Guides which

Pacra a tyrannous King,

lis

feaocha

had provided

for the Spaniard defiYd that he

horrible death.

might be put to Death, for

which he had long committed whofe Requeft being granted, he

with the other three Princes, Were given as a Breakfaft to the Spanijb Doggs.
Mean while, the Spaniards were in danger to have perifh'd for want of Water
yet at laft, in a Thicket of Brambles, they found a fmall Brook, but none of the
Indians durft venture to go to it, for fear of Tygers, and other Wild Beafts
:he Cruelties

That the Tygers took many people

relating,

they

were not

careful in

making

faft their

in the nights but

of their Huts,

if

boors.
J

John Ledefma had himfelf eaten part of a Tyger, which

ther,had every night feafted on

manner

Mans

fleili,

for fix

Moneths

toge*

Strange relation of,a Ty

ger.

or Beafts, which they caught in this

In the Path along which he pafs'd, coming out of his

Den to

feek for

Prey, a deep Pit was digg'd, and cover'd very (leightly on the top, into which
yet though taken, fo fiercely withftood the Pikes, Darts, and
the Tyger fell
5

Stones thrown

at

him

that every

one was amaz'd to

fee the fury

of the Beaft.

but found onely two young ones without a Dam, which taking along with them, they put Iron Collars about their
Necks, intending to carry them to Spain 5 but feeing no likelyhood of breed-

After that they fought for the Female

purpofing to fetch them away

when grown fomewhat older, and accordingly coming afterwards to look for
them , they found the Den empty , Co that it was fuppofed they had been de~
ing them up

vour'd by their

they brought them back again

Dam.

In the Province of Bononiama, the Spaniards iririch'd themfelves with Chains^

,,

and Breaft-Plates of Gold, which

Houfe

At

in great plenty

hung on

left

their

wants

King Bucbebuas

and made

life

a barren

over a MoraJfe y in which they often funk to their Knees.

In all thefe Travels, Victual was fo fcarce that they were

and though they took

frefii

courage

when

Jurifdietion, yet they found nothing but

much weaken a

they got footing

empty Huts

ti$0tytM tswrny
into the Coiiutreyj Very re-

Tract of Land, full of Hills

on their right Hand, and wandred three days

two Governors of

and Mountains, which they

11

the Walls in every

the River Comogrus, they difcharg'd ieaocbas Guides,

of Cotog and Quri%a

by

wtt

on

and the

owM.

M ES^l C

zA

J2,

Chap.

A-.

Ill,

Countrey of Chionj'us, both having a littie before been piilag'd

by
more powerful neighboring Enemies. But although they could not.

like in the

their

fur.

nidi Nunne^ with Provifions, they prefented

him with weighty Ingots of Gold

leafl morfel of Bread, drove them
:

Metal not able to purchafe the

into a great flrait and indeed they had without doubt been all
famifhed
had not Tocchorofa, another King, fed them forty days together with
ftamp'd
Roots. Thusrefrefh'd, and inftigated by Tocchorofa, they broke by
night i n
Tubunamas Palace, and took him Prifoner with eighty Concubines,
who
fearing to be put to death, gave an incredible Treafure of Gold
to purchafe
but

this rich

Ranfom.

his

Peter Arias his

and
St.

Voyage,

Fight in th^

Nunnez thus enriched came at lafl to his People which he had left on the
River T>am, where two Ships fent from Htfpaniola rode at an Anchor.
Whilfl things were thus carry'd

Haven

Martha,

Manned with

Ships,

iri

America,

Peter Arias Sail'd

hundred Men, to New

fifteen

with

fifteen

by the Iflands
Martinina, Guadalupe, and Galanta, all in America
a confiderable time he SaiFd
through the Sea overgrown with Weeds. Afterwards anchoring in the
Haven
St. Martha, he received a great repulfe from the Natives,
who* no ways daunted
at the bignefs of the Ships, waded up to their Breads in the Sea, and
mot many
Andalufia,

great flights of poifonous

ed immediately died.

ny Boats lying

full

Arrows at

the Spaniards, of

whom two being wound-

fome of his Men afhore, they found maof Nets, made of tough Weeds, and Ropes pleited of
Arias fending

Rufhes.
In the

Haven Su

SMartba, being three Leagues wide, are abundance of Fifli,

may be feeti under Water twenty Fathom deep.

Biit now the Spaniards that were afliore breaking into the

which

Women
which

and Children Prifoners

at the beginning

Houfes, and taking

the Americans prepar'd for another Fight

was very fierce but

5

at

they Were fore'd to quit the

aft

Field.
Strange

Houfes

and

Houfliold-fluff.

Their Houfes and Furniture in them are worthy of obfervation : their Cielings being cover'd with Shells fining on fmall Thred, which make
a pleafing
noife, when mov'd by the lead breath of Wind. The Walls are hung
with Rnc
Stuffs, woven full of Imagery, as Cranes, Lyons, Tygers, and fome
Figures of

Men

the Floors are cover'd with parti-colour'd Mats,

and feveral tough Roots

beauty to their Rooms.

and

their Carpets befet

made of Sea-Reeds

with Pearl add alfo a great

In the Valleys the Spaniards found feveral precious Jems, as Saphires,

Jafper, Emeralds, and great pieces of Amber, and in fome Huts, Baskets,
and
Chefts full of dry'dLocufts and Crabs.
;

Here alfo grows the Root Yuca,&s alfo on feveral other Weft-Indian Coads, of
which they make their beft Bread, and is call'd in Hifyaniola and Mgola, Yuca
;
by the \Brafilians, Mandiba and Mandiboka by the Mexicans, Quauhcamotli
it
grows with a thick or midling Body, according to the fruitfulnefs or barren

nefs of the Soil

the Leaves are like thofe of a Tulip,

and have fmall Flowers

and Seed, but no ways ufcful the Root, not unlike Horfe-Raddifh,
hatha
milky Juice, which 1 wells it exceedingly the Sprigs, which in the eighth
and
tenth Moneth moot out of the Root, ferve for new Plants
and if at any time
it happen, that either by a moid Seafon, or by Worms,
or Pifmires, the Plant
.

is

fpoil'd, then

that half of
What

nvtVeof the
bok*.

Jm'ricam
Jvoot M*ndi-

ufe the

The

it

them

occalions fuch an inconvenience

in that year die of

amongd

the Inhabitants,

Famine.

Leaves of the Mandiboka ferve them for Sallads,

Out of

the Root,

which

hap.

M E%I C

III.

J.

73
I
1

make Meal, which

rhichthey lay foaking five days in Water, they

the Porta*

Moreover, Mandihoka fcrves

lem to make Bread, which they bake over the Fire and mix'd with Water,
epper, and the Flout TSlhambi, makes an excellent Pudding, by them call'd
and with
Mingaude Carima, no lefs pleafing to the tafle than wholfom Food
ufe call Farina

frefca,

but the Americans, Vipeha.

)rangeFlour, Water, and Sugar

owder of Mandihoka put

mt

into a

makes that

it

Wound,

to fee the Americans eat this Bread

from

iftance

Mouthes without
and trouble to make

their

equires great art

luft peel off the Shell, then

when raw, but wholfom

eaten

irhen all the

be

moifture

is

in the

corn the

it

by handfuls

at a pretty

letting fall the leaft

the Mandihoka

The

if boil'd

drawn from

wild Mandihoka, by thofe that

nd up

very plea*

for

fit

Crum.
Bread

put into a Mill turned by two

eing Ground, into a fquare Trough.

f

It is

cures very fpeedily.

for they tofs

it,

they ftrow

on

live

Meal they put

the

Countrey, Cuquacucuremia,

it

Laftly,
:

it

firft

they

it

falls,

Indians

Juice proceeding from

:

The

excellent Julep Tipioca.

it is

mortal,

in

and
an Oven to dry. But
in a Prefs,

the Sea-fhore call'd Cuacu Mandiiba,

differs

both in fhape

afnd

goodnefs

firft.

Anchor in the River Daria,

iras cheerfully received by Nunne^- his firft Bufinefs which he undertook was
to which
he building of three Forts, to fecure the Paflages to the South Sea
But

to return to our matter

Arias

coming

to an

Ai^t's Exploits

Hay

Anda!ttjta,

urpofc Joannes Aiora received the

Command

over four hundred

Workmen.

Moreover, Arias took great diflike in the Place call'd Maria Antiqua, which the
paniards

were

fore'd

by

neceflity firft to

sveen

high Mountains, fo that

:tting

of the Sun, but when

lem, and fcorch'd

ie

it

in

ith his

it

lay in a deep Valley be-

not onely wanted the benefit of the riling and

or near the Meridian,

all their Plants,

and the

tepifi'd

it

fhin'd

down upon

Morally Grounds about

wafh their
immediately bred FrogSj the River Daria overflowed the Grounds
muddy Water three Leagues diftance from the Sea the Paflage thither

fame infected the Air, and

[oufes,

Plant in

the

Water which they took up

to

alfo

*~~-

<lA

M E%I CA.

Chap.

was very troublefom, becaufe of the uneven Ways and befides, the Ty
^ers and Lyons devour'dmany People and Cattel.
The firft Night that J.rias lay in Maria JMtiqua, the Houfe wherein his Chi
rurgion Lodged was fir'd with Lightning, who running out with his Wife, be
alio

Allonge Accident.

Ill

_j

ing both fcorched by the Flames, faw a very great Crocodile, which (hatch

in? up his
Remarkable

The

Trees."

Dog

away with him towards

ran

the River.

neighboring Territory Coiba produced Trees, whofe Timber us'd

Shipping never breeds Worms, becaufe of

trary, all other Veffels in that

its

acerbity

Countrey are very

foi

whereas on the con

fubjeel: to that

inconvenience

Here alfo grow thofe famous Plague*Trees, whofe very Leaves, if but fallinj
upon one, are like Gods Arrows, mortal,and immediately kill, unlefs the Plac

whereon they

light be ftraightway anointed

benfers fay, that

ftroy their

know

they

with failing

another poyfonous

Spittle

and the

Wood, which they

Cot

ufe to'de

Enemies withall.

Whilfl Arias was confulting about the beforemention'd Affairs, he fent feve
Remarkable joumey of
South Sea.

loralps to the

Comanders to

and give him an account c

tnc i r Return of all their Difcoveries. Amongft others Gather Moralis was order'*
Jl
?
to march towards the South Sea, to confirm the Peace which Nunnc^ had begu:
with the Kings Chiapes and Tumaccus and chiefly to go to the Pearl-Ifland wit
ral

divers Places, to take a furvey,

Men, which Nunne^ was

fixty

Weather.

Army

Chiapes

fore'd to leave, being, ilrefs'd

by tempeftuou.

and Tumaccus were according to tkeir p^omifi?, to j>icpaie a

ready for his afliftance againft his coming- which indeed they pei

form'd, fothat they wanted nothing but Veffels, for the biggeft of theirs coul

Men

not carry above three or four

yet they undertaking their Enterprifi

Landed feventy Men on the Ifland ; upon which the Inhabitants under thei
Kings Conduct ran to meet the new Landed Forces, and crying out aloui
Guaz&ayara, Gua%&aVara ? they ran in amongft the Mufqueteers with their wooc
den Swords but the report of the Guns, mix'd with Fire, Smoak, and Bullet;
foon amaz'dthem
the King flying, thought by alarm to raife all the Iflar
ders but they being informed, that no People whatfoever could withftand th

fire-fpitting People,

made

to deliver a hundred

pound weight of the

of Cajlile

and

as a

Articles of agreement

with

Moralis,

and Condition'

choicer!: Pearls to the ufe

teflimony of his Friendfliip he was Chriften'd

of the Kin
<Peter Aria/.

from the Governors Name of New jindalufia.

How great the Treafure was which SMoralis brought from the Pearl
may appear by one of the Pearls, for which Pope Leo the tenth gave

Iflan

fort

femr thoufand Ducats to a Venetian Merchant.

Amongfl
nes Solifius,

Caribbies,

be no

Commanders which were

the

who

beyond

lefs

cruel

jotifm

mifcrabic

his

by

Arias,

was

alfo Johai

Sailing fix hundred Leagues Southerly, along the Coafl: of th

found the Inhabitants of Ternambuck

being invited afliore, he with Tome

(ape St. Augufiine, he

than fubtile

for
5

bis

fent out

Men Row'd thither, where no

fooner Landing, but were

all kill'd

an

eaten in the fight of the other Sea-men aboard; at

weighed Anchor, and

Sailed

which being amaz'd the

away, Freighted onely with 'Brafde Wood, t

Cadizj

Afo
afliore

in

an unhappy hour did Johannes

on the

Ifland Guadalupa, to walla

putfome of his LaimdrerTe

fome Linnen for him for the Iflan
Tontdits

coming on a fudden out of the Woods furpriz'd them, and forthwith kil
ling without mercy, cut them in pieces, and carbonadoing, eat their broil'
Flefli hot from the Coals, while Gonfal m Bad ajoe ins Sail'd with eighty Me
ders

Wefterly

3ap.

M E%1C

III.

A.

7j

Leagues he went a(liore,and fpent fofne days ia

which whilfthewas
^ain,to Court the Americans to a friendly correfpondency
loin^, he was recruited with fifty Men from Varia, Commanded by Lodowick
y/efterly,and having

gone

fixty

both agreed together to travel over the Mountains to the South Sea.
Governor -Juana, whofe Jurifdictions abound in Gold, flying with mod

tfercado

The
)art

Co

his Treafure,

of

was never heard

onely they took fotne of his Slaves,

Carv'd with (harp Fi(h*bones, the

Faces were flrangely

vhofe

of,

St g e Slaves *

Wounds

with red and black Powder, which fo difcolour'd the Flefh that it could
lever be jrot out* After that they travelled through the Wildernefs five days
ill'd

:ocrether,

:hat

being onely met by Come Indians carrying Mai^.

King Taiguete

liv'd

who

fignif?d to

along the Sea-jQiore, and up into the

them^

Country

the

of both which they got an unvaluable Treafure of Gold.

km on aft other Pieces of that rich Metal was one which weighed two pound.
and
Taracura rais'd in this Expedition eighteen thoufand weight of Gold
alind Totonoga

Great Booty.

[ittle lefs

did they take out of the Territories belonging to the Princes Tana*

norm, Tabor ;Cheru 7

and

Scoria

The

they not being able to carry all the

above three thoufand Pounds

They were now got

Prifoners ferv'd

thofe

Teter Arias.

few

Kingdom, not without leaving

to Tanya's

that efcap'd

Amongft

of Horfes,

Gold themfelves, the meaneft Soldier having

When

fad remarks

in

f^~

theSf

"

farina furrounding this Party thus loaden

with Gold, Charged fo fiercely, that at the

*

in ftead

Sterling for his (hare.

of their avarice and cruelties.

[lain

them

firft

AlTault feventy of them

brought the tidings of

their fad misfortune to

was

thofe that efcaping returned,

were

Francifcus Velapuente,

whofe obfervations concerning catching Parrots and wild Fowl, we will

briefly relate, thedigreflion

being but fhort.

climbs into a Tree, and

where the Parrots are moil: frequent
*
ch 'ttering like them, with his Voice imitating their Notes, allures his fellow*
prater to draw near, and fuffer him to take them in his Hands. But more
belongs to the taking of wild Fowl, as Geefe, Ducks, Swans, and the like
From the bottom of their {landing Pools and Lakes in that Countrey grow

The

Indian

'

ftrangp

waytocatc*

Parrots.

Weeds, which fpreading upon the Water ripen, and

Flies* Spiders, and Frogs, upon which the Fowls feed.
the Gardens

Water

grow Cabbages as high

Near

Water-

thefe Pools in

Trees, which often dropping into the

as

ferve the Birds both for Nefts

rotting, breed

and Food

but the

Fowler finds

skilful

and making

hollow in the
middle, claps it on his Head like a Helmet, then going into the Water up-tor
his Chin, and paffing foftly along in fuch manner, that nothing is feen but the
floating Cabbage, and coming near the Birds, he takes them one after another
it his

by

beft

way

the Legs,

But what
chate,

to take one of thefe Cabbages,

and puts them into

is

Bag

ty'd about his middle for that purpofe.

more worthy obfervation

having a flefhy

Bill, like a

it

Mouth

is

the American Bird Toucan Xochitena-

full

of Teeth, which continually opens

strange

Bk&nucan.

draw Breath, having no Noftrils the Back, Neck, and Wings,

are black, the Bread yellow like Gold, the Belly and end of the Tail of a
and (huts

to

Vermillion colour.

This Bird Toucan

feeds for the

with them, but muted almoft

as

moft part on Pepper, which

foon as fwallowed

But. to return

is

thereby

Whilft the Expeditions under the

the unpleafing fharp

Command

of Teter Arias

had fuch bad fuccefs, JrkskimfclC and Vafcbus Nwe;$ hapn'ed to

long

which Pepper thus eva-

common, becaufd
much mitigated.

cuated the Natives value above their

acidity, or biting quality

tarries not

clafih

Nnext

Evacuated Pepper.

j6
who

?ie^

MEK

C J.

Chap.

of the South Sea was held in fome repute

fince his difcovery

III.

at the

Court, had built four Ships on the Shore of the fame Ocean, to make
but being commanded to come
farther inflections along the Coafts thereof
Spanifh

to Arias the Governor, he

was committed

to Prifon,

and accufed of highTrea-

fon, as if he had intentions to fettle himi'elf in Peru, and absolutely to have

left

which though he difown'd, and utterly deni'd with great proteflations when brought to a Trial, and no witneis to affirm the contrary, yet was
by Trias's fpecial Order Beheaded.
Not long after which Lupus Sofa, Governor of the Canary Iflands, was fent to
T)aria

all

fucceed Arias in

New

jindalujia.

Sect.

IX.

The Expeditions of Francifco Fernandez, Lupus Caizedus, Chriftophero

Morantes, Bernardo Igniguez, and Juan Grifalva,

"CErnande^, Caizedm, zndMorantes, antient Planters

"*

from the Governor Diego Velafaues,

Men

new Lands.

to

Rig out

in Cuba, obtained a

three Ships with a

Licence

hundred

add one more

to their number upon the Kings account; which Truit he committed to Igni*
gue^
all of them confulted with the experienc'd Navigator Antonio Alamines.
and ten

to difcover

Velafques

thought

fit

to

Sir days the Fleet had been

Original of the

Name

at Sea,

when

they difcover'd Land, which by a

was call'd Jucatan, becaufe the Inhabitants being ask'd what was the
Name of the Coafl, anfwer'd Jucatan which, as the Spaniards were afterwards
informed, fignifi'd, We underfland you not*
Upon the Shore they found a City, whofe Stone Buildings, with ftately
\

ftake

Stately City.

Fronts and high Turrets, fliew'd moil; magnificently.

City for

wonderful bigneis,

its

Cairo,

from the

Eemandc^

cali'd this

Egyptian Metropolis,

famous

through the World.

The

to the City
Streets, they

of Men and
ficial

coming to Land were courteoully received, and conducted inand exa&nefs of their
the neatnefs of whole Market-places

Spaniards
;

beheld with admiration

Women

as alfo the coftly Stuff

Garments both

but their wonder increased when they beheld very arti*

CrofTes, concerning which upon inquiry they related, That a Man more
:

Sun, being bufie in erecting the CrolTes, died.

glorious than the

People, though fo courteous and

of their company
Camficbium a City.

civil at firft,

But

thefe

feem'd in few days to be weary

which the Spaniards obierving founded a Retreat, and Sailing We flerly, proceeded on their intended Defign, and foon after anchor'd
before Campechium^ the King of which conducted Eernande^ and Morantes, with
lome others, into the City, confiding of three thoufand Houfes. In his Palace
they were entertained with all manner of Fowl roafted
After which refrefhment they furvey'd the City in which, amongft other curious Buildings, was
a high, but fquare Theatre of Marble, on which flood the Image of a Man, on
11
n
all corners aflaultedby four wild Beafts, which were of a no lefs flrange than
horrible fhape. Not far from this Image they law a Serpent fafhion'd up of
Chalk and little Stones, whofe coyl'd up Tail was forty feven Foot long, and
of a proportionable thicknefs. This Serpent, fpriukled with Mens Blood yet
warm, feem'd to prey upon a Marble Lyon both thefe were inclos'd with a
Stone Rail, within which Malefictors were daily executed. BloodyBows and
Arrows broke in fmall pieces lay between the Bones and dead Bodies. Jgnigue^
;

Remarkable images,and
itrange Stage.

call'd

Chap. III.

M E%JC

A.

11

caird the King Lazarus, becaufehe difcover'd his Countrey on

Day.
Making no long

St.

La%aru$

and weighing Anchor Sail'd fifty Leagues more Wefterly, the Fleet got fight of Mofcobo, in the
Territory Aguanil, whofeKing aflanlted the Spaniards with fo much fury, that
two and twenty of them were flain, and fcarce one efcap'd which was not
flay here, they returned to their Ship,

Msfceie

Spaniards

flain.

wounded wherefore they returned with bad fuccefs to Cuba. Yet Velafques
no ways difeburag'd thereat, not long after fitted out four VefTels, Manning
them with three hundred Men under the Command of Juan Grifaha and Ala*
:

mines-,

who having Sail'd

feventy Leagues, difcover'd the fruitful llland Cofumella^

Mighty Ifland CojumtUa,

along whofe Shore flood fair Stone Edifices, intermixed with Temples, whofe
Steeples appeared above the Houfes. Grifaha being led up into one of thefe

by a Priefl, faw at a diftance off at Sea the Territory Jucatan and in

the Place where they were,there were fpacious Halls, full of Marble and Stone
Images of deformed Men and Beafts, which with a murmuring noife, and
Steeples

burning of incenfe they

religioufly worfliip.

The

Spaniards call'd this Ifland

SanEta Cru%.

Sailing

from hence they

where the
where arriving, and without any

directed their Courfe to Campechium

year before they had been fo civilly treated

coming afliore, they found the Campechiums qaite of another humor than
they were the former year, telling them, They would not fuffer any Strangers
to beamongft them; and placing a burning Torch between theirs and the Spanijb Forces, threatned,*That if they did not depart in quiet, they would force
them which accordingly they endeavor'd, making a fierce Onfet upon the
Spaniards-^ who being now come under their Battlements, when they faw their
advantage, pour'd what they had kept as a referve, whole Volleys of fmall
Shot amongfl them which ftruck fo much terror, that they all ran away,
drifting for themfelves, and crowding into the City.
The Spaniards found afterwards Jucatan to be but a Ten'wfula, nd came be*
fear

fore
\

Spaniards

Crtmpchiam,

fight

with the

78

r*,

Chap,

III.

Current into the Mexican Sea, chat it

retained itsfweetnefs for the fpace of two Leagues,
^j-j^ Ri ver) flowing out of the Province Tabafco, wascall'd Grifaha : upon
fore a River

grange paffages on

M E^I C A

which

fell

with

fo flrong a

thoufand Americans 5 and in the Water appear'd a

hundred Boats with Armed Men, which Row'd aboard the Spanifh Ships.'

whofe Banks flood above

The

fix

whofe Language agrees for the moll part with the

Tabafcers, prevail'd fo much, that the King himfelf came to the chief Commander Grifaha, and bartering with him, gave him as much Gold as his Iron
Interpreters of Cuba,

Helmet, Breaflplate, and other Armor weighed.

Sacrifict IJlaitd.

Soon

Sacrifices
Exceeding horrible Sa

Lyon of Marble, feem-

which

Wound they pour'd hu-

then the Figure of a

into

into a Stone

Trough

fet for

thatpur-

Man

Carv'd in Alabafter, bowing for*

looking into the Trough upon the Blood. Thofe which were

pofe underneath

facrificed

horwd

other flrange Images, there flood a great

mane Blood warm, which was received

as if

the

daily.

ing almofl decollated with a great gafh

ward,

from

Ijland of Sacrifice, fo call'd

which the Inhabitants made

Amongfl

crifices.

they Landed on the

after

were Prifoners taken on the neighboring Coafls,

before their Idols, they ripping open

make no

whom

bringing

farther inlpe&ion, but onely

whip out the Heart with which having fmear'd the Lips of their Idols, they
throw it into the Fire the Heads and Corps they let lie unburi'd whofe flefliy

to

parts, efpecially their Cheeks, they feaft

Maiden-IJlaKd.

Pontcnchianum a City.

The

next Ifland

The

chief City of Tabafco

upon.

Women

which Annually their Neighbors go, pretending merry kindnefs, but upon amorous inclinations: and
Plough andTill their Ground, and Weed their Gardens.
dred Houfes,

which

in

all

fome

is

inhabited by

to

and contains above fifteen hunbuilt of Stone hardned with baking after their manner
j
is

Tontcnchiaman,

Places, befides their Turrets and

fpect at a great diflance.

Fourteen eminent

Temples, yield

a pleafant Pro*

Towns more did the

Spaniards alfo

fee in Tabajco.

When

I'

When
ng

in converfing

with them they obferv'd

A.

79

their ftrange

manner of Seal.

Bargains and Contracts one with another, they were amaz'd, for not

their

ifinor

M E%J. C

hap. III.

Compacts with their own Blood,common*

Stone Knife, either from their Tongue, Hand, or Arms.

Wax,they ufually

drawn with
Their

ligations.

Seal'd their

Priefts live fingle,and if found to be Unchaft, are puniflit

with Death,

Unmarry'd People may not frequently con*

Thirty five days in the year makes their Lent, in which
rerfe with Marry'd
hey abftain not onely from Flefh, but Fifli alfo, feeding onely upon Roots
r
md Herbs. In this place the Spaniards were receiv'd in great ftate, Canbpy d
with crreen Palm-Tree-Branches, and in like manner conducted aboard again.,
lot without many Prefents, vi%. the Effigies of a Man curioufly wrought in
Vn Adulterefs

is

fold for a Slave

3old, wherewith they return'd to Cuba.

Sect. IX.
The Expedition of Ferdinand Magaglian, commonly

He Bifhop

Bartholomew de

call'd

Magejlane.

living a coftfiderable time in Hiftaniota,

Qafis,

^SSSaS^-.

being informed of the abundance of Pearls which

in the City Dominico,

and the unfupportable cruelty af the Spaniards

there under Vcampus, us'd againft the Inhabitants, wenttosSpdp, with a defign
to obtain of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, the Government over Cumaria and
were caught before Cubagua

draw the ignorant Natives from their Idolatry, to

requefl was efpecially promoted by William of l^ajfaw*

Cubagua, under pretence, to

which his
Emperors prime Favorite

Chriftianity

the

them

there,

fo that having his Letters Patents granted to

he took Ship, and arriv'd with three hundred Spanijh Gentlemen

that purpofe,

of Quality

in

Qumana

And

that they

they had each a

Calatrava generally wear.

might have the greater refpect

Red Crofs

Yet

little

did

given,

them

Oca-input,

fuch as the Knights of

Governor of Cumana;
of receiving and fubmit-

the old

for in ftead
regard either them or their Authority
ting, he kept the Bifliop de Qafis out by force of Arms

who

made commean time, put

then

plaint to the Viceroy of the Wejldndies in Hifpaniola, and in the

new Store=houfe.
he made his Addreffes,

mown to

his Cargo into a

himfelf departed, which incourag'd the Cummers, who already were incens'd, and
weary of their former fufferings, to venture on a defign, whereby chey might
revenge themfelves of the Spaniards, which their undertaking prov'd fo fuccefsOf which, de Qafts being inform^
ful, that very few efcap'd the Maffacre

But whilfl

campus having fufficiently inrich'd

and much difcontented

thereat, betook himfelf to a Dominican Cloyfter in

HU

fpaniola.

Yet not long after, the Cumaners paid dear for that (laughter, for one Cafiellio,
tKough not without feveral Engagements, with various iiiccefs, lafting forty
days together, having at laft utterly vanquifh'd them put to an ignominious
Death, Hanging up feventy of their Princes, and to them of meaner quality,

Cruelty oCafleffi in Ctrtana.

{hewing

as little

As little

mercy.

fuccefs

had Lodowick Lampagnano, lent out by fome

5ptfwi//;>

Merchants,

with Letters Patents from the Emperor to FiOi for Pearl, before the fame Cubagua ; to which purpofe he carry'd peculiar Nets and other neceffaries with him.

But the Cubaguan

Spaniards

unanimously withflood him

fo that not being able

to efFect his defign, over=power'd with a Melancholly Difternper that broke his

Heart, he dy'd.

In-

latnpjgmna difcontented.

80
AfageBattus Expedition,

M E%^I C

Chap.

A.

In the interim, wiule thefe fcarce confiderable

Voyages

turil'd to fo

how it happen d.

III.

fmall

account, Ferdinand SMagaglianus (for fo Peter Martyr calls him, and not MageUanus , which herein deferves to be credited, becaufe they were intimately ac-

quainted, and great friendfhip between them,)

the

World

the occafion of which

we

undertook to

Sail

will here relate at large

round about

This Magaglianm, or Magellanus, a, Gentleman of Portugal, having perform'd

things of great importance for his King, in Africa, although with no lefs trouble than Charge, dehYd an addition of half a Ducket a Moneth added to his
Annual Penfion an inconfiderable Sum to make a Recjueft for., yet though fo
-

was

Whereupon, highly incenfed, he ftudy'd no

to which effect , foon after an opportunity was prefented, by
little revenge
means of FranciJ'cm Serr anus , who writ from Temata to him, that he fhould
ipeedily come thither, which he foon after did upon this account
Pope .Alexander the Sixth, having fixtTerminaries between the Kings of Calittle,

niggardly deny'd

as

jl'tk

and Portugal , both bufie

der'd,

That

Meridian,

Caflile

at that

fhould poifefs

and Portugal to the Eaft

Molucca Iflands

fell

all
:

time in discovering

the Coafts lying to the Weft of the chief

By

vertue of this partition,

abfolutely to the Portuguese

Charles the Fifth, that

they might be Sail'd

fore belong d to Caflile

proving, Rigg'd out

Which

,-

five Ships,

new Countreys, Or*

Now' Mage

the rich Spicy

perfwaded
to with a Wefterly Courfe,and there:

11 atius

advice, Charles the Fifth confidering,

with which Magellanus

fet Sail

from

and ap-

Seyil,

the

tenth of Auguft, Anno 1519. five

Strange Giant.

Moneths he ply'd up and down the Coaft inhabited by the Patagones

where he found none but one fingle Perfon , or rather a Monfter, a Giant ten Foot high, who coming Aboard his Ship devoured
>
a great Hamper full of Biskets, and at one Draught drunk up nine Pottels of
Water. He alfo faw feveral Trees which had been Hew'n with Axes, and Croffes made on the tops of them.
Whilft he lay in that Harbor, which was call'd
,

he Cafhier'd his Vice-Admiral 5 John Carthagena, with his Father Confeflbr, and fparing their lives
fet them aOiore , and there left them to feek

St. Julian,

though they had Confpir'd to Murther him.

Magellanus from thence Sailing afterwards Southerly along America, to forty
two Degrees Southern Latitude, was engaged with the eddyings of a very
ftrong Current, which driving one of the Ships into a Bay, iplit againft a
their Fortunes,

Streights

how

found.

of Mugtllan"^

blind Rock, but the

farther into a

Men

Channel

being fav'd in their Boat, Were driven farther and

between high and Snowy Mountains whereupon he
;

immediately judg'd
told him) that there

(as the

was

flow'd into the Southern

thofe Sraights,

famous Negromancer

the Paffage, through

(Roderick

which

the

Talerm had often

Northern Ocean

wherefore he refolutely adventur'd to Sail into

which in fome places narrow, and in others broad, is an hun;

dred and twenty Leagues long, and full of fmall Ifles and dangerous Rocks.
Whilft he (till Sail'd on, the Ship call'd Antonio, Tacking about, returned to
Cadi%.

But

Magellanus enter'd the great South-Sea with three Sail,

on the

25.

of Oclo*

where the Sea-men fuffer'd extremely by exceifive Heat, Drought, and Famine, three Moneths and twenty Days, without fight of Land
And now,
her,

and the Leather which covered their Shields, began alfo to grow
fcarce (which before had been counted a Dainty ) when they difcover'd two

their Shooes,

Iflands lying
late

two hundred Leagues

and Barren

diftance one

wherefore they were

they came amongft a great

number of

from another,

yet both Defo-

call'd the Unfortunate Ifles

Iflands,

After that,

whofe Inhabitants were much

inclined

Chap.

AMERICA.

III.

Thievery

Si

which caufe they Denominated them Ladrones, the

chiefeft Ifland call'd 'Borneo
hath two hundred fifty four Leagues in Circumference, whereon a Tree grows, whofe Leaves when fain off, feem to be alive
and creep like Worms. The King of this Ifland entertain'd the Spaniards very
inclined to

for

two Elephants bringing his Prefents

courteoufly,

to

them on

the Shore,

out of

a City confining of -twenty thoufand Houfes.

Near

Borneo are

two lefler

l([a.nds,c2i\l'd,Zubo

and Magellanm leaving

ly fubmitted himfelf to the Spaniards,

in the

of the

and MatanfThe. King ofZubo

free*

Anchor
Haven, went with his own and other Indian Boats,and attended with fome
Zubenfers to Matan, where fetting a Village on Fire, he carry'd great Riches

from thence This not fatisfying he

but the King in
the Royal Head=City
:

refolv'd within eight days to fet

wounded

him, and

which

Ccvcti Spaniards

by

flight,

Dinner by the King, they were

all

of them

thofe

The

M^itanus^n.

upon

Defence, Encountering with

more, befides twenty two dangeroufly

efcap'd

own

his

Magellanus, flew

his Fleet at

got to Zubo, where being invited to

Spaniards murdered.

of a fecond Courfe) Mur*

(in ftead

was out of Revenge, becaufe the Spaniards

had fall'n too foul upon their Women and Maids, Devirginating, and forcing
them to their Pleafure, than which rudenefs nothing was among them more
Deteftable. The Sea-men weakned by thefe Misfortunes
were neceffitated to
ther'd at Table.

occafion of this

_,

burn their third Ship,

the other

but Sailing to the Molucco Iflands with

call'd, St. Jago^

twOjthey Freighted them both with Cloves .with which the Ship Tri;

nitas

Sail'd to ]S(ew- Spain

through the SouthsSea, and the

by John Sebaflian de Lano went the fame

way w hich

eighteen

to

Anchor with

and

Sect.

Ferdinando Cortez

Lthough

fo to

his Ship

and

X.
his

Voyage.

of the Spaniards to America proved very un*

yet they ftill undertook them afrefh, and with re-

feveral Expeditions

fuccefsful at the

newing Courage

firft,

though he Landed

Ferdinando Sottas ,

five

hundred

Men

in

no Treafure from thence, onely he cut off the Hands of

fifteen Princes, becaufe they wpuld not difcover their Mines of Gold.
Yet far worfe fuccefs had Tamphilus J^anae^, who loft both his Fleet and
Florida,

Men,

SottHS cmeIt y;

yet brought

faving onely ten out of fix hundred, in the River Talma, and they alfo

terwards dy'd there, or eat one another to

But much

fatisfie their

raging Hunger.

was the fortune of Ferdinando Corte^, Sailing from Spain to

Year 1519. who having the Command given him over ten flout

Ships, and three Frigats with five hundred Foot

flxteen Horfe, rais'd

by the new

Spanijh

Cer

his

v y 3 s e:

and an additional Force of

Inhabitants on Cuba
with which For,

Landing on the Ifland Columella he prohibited Humane Sacrifice to their

Idols, and Erected a Crofs with the Image of the Virgin Mary, in one of their
Temples, and releas'd Hieronimus Aquilaris, after a feven years Slavery, having
ces

Mife "bieendof^r^t.

af-

better

America, in the

fufferd Shipwrack with Valdma- at

y

which time fome that

fav'd themfelves in

were by the Current in thirty days driven to Jucatan, in which time

feven dy'd of Hunger
the reft going a(h ore, were no fooner Landed, but Sa*
:rifiVd by the Natives to their Gods or Zemes. Among the fix that remain'd,yet
the Boat,

Left

An end of the Voyage

about the world.

Men.
.

came

Commanded

the Tortuguefe us'd,

Lucar de Barrameda, near SiVde, where he

St.

Victoria,

alive,

arts,

who

and to be

offer'd after the

with

Companions, breaking Prifon,

his

fame manner the next day, was

this Aaui*

in the following night fled

to

Remarkable delivery.

" "'

M E T^I C

'

:L

Chap,

A.

III.
f

Neighboring Prince their

to a

Enemy .and one that

War

maintained a continual

againft thefe Cannibals.

Corte^ fent Articles of Peace to Taxmarus the

Here

Strange Battel.

King of the Countrey, but

he fleicrhtinghis proffer, came down upon him into the Field with forty thoufand Men, drawn from the City (potanchanum , which contained above twenty

thoufand Houfes,all built of Stone

lafl

his

here feen their

Teeming advantage the Enemies under his

fmall Party of Horle to attend the motion of the Rear

day, had not Corte^

Canon and fent

when fo foon as

drawn by

And indeed the Spaniards had

they had

Front routed, and the Rear

fir'd

Canon, making g-eat Execution, rhe

with the noifeand fmokeof the Guns, they

their

terrified

fame aidant Charged with

which were Fo
terrible to them that never faw Horfes, nor fuch Service on Horfeback before,
that in a fhort time the whole Body of fo great an Army was utterly diffipated,

alfo broke, being at the

Potanchanum, a City,

the

Horfe

and the triumphing Conquerors took poffeiTion of the empty City Totanchanum,
where Solacing, they ftaid a whole Moneth. Then from hence they Sail'd to

upon the requeflof the Natives, they fettled a Colony. Amongft

the Prefents which were there given to the Spaniards , were fome of their
own Volumes , Books whofe Leaves were made of the innermofl Rind of a
Tree, and a kind of Pafte , made of their Meal glew'd together the ChaCohacuy where,

what
faihion, as alio their

Tcm

pies.

racters flood at

or A,

!B,

fome

distance one after another, rahg'd like our ChrifkCrofs

0{piv,

C.

Temples, the Floors whereof

were cover'd with Embroyder'd Tapeftry, befet with Precious Stones, to
which great multitudes flock'd, being very zealous to perform their DevotiHere Corte^ was amaz'd to behold

their ftately

ons.

When

their Seed

is

put into the Ground, or

come

growth, they ofZeme^ richly Clotrfd, having been fatten'd fome

young Children to their

Weeks before: When they want Children they
fault of them, they pacifie them with Dogs.
fer

Strange

Sacrifices."

The

to

its full

and

kill their Slaves,

ViHims that go to be SacrihYd, they Worfliip with

all

in de-

Adoration, Bow-

ing and Congying before them.

Strange Idol-Worfhip.

Their Zeal
obferv'd by

in this their

Idol-Worfhip

them when they

may

appear from a ftrange Cuftom,

Temple,

enter their

Yi^.

out of their Tongues, Lips, Ears, Breaft, Knees, or

draw Blood
Hands, which

they either

Palm of their

they throw into the Air, fuppoling thereby to be pardon'd by their indulgent

Gods.
Zem$oal} a

City.

In the City Zempoal, Corte^ found five Slaves,

were

ers,

to be Sacrific'd the next day

importunate

and

requefr.

their telling

of the Qumes, or

who

being kept clofe Prifon*

but he releafing them

Priefts,

did

upon

the

and promifes of great ranfoms,

of him that the Zeme^ would fpoil

all their

Seed and Plants

on with thefe Offerings, reftor'd the Prifoners

again who, though the enjoyments of all happineifes in the other World were
promised them by their Prieft, and great aflurance given thereof yet they
were not forward, but returned, unwilling to furfer, though by fo gainful a Sathat year, if they did not go
.

crifice.
JZMMf^WijidcifulItUs:

Zeme^ Feet hung abundance of Mens Bones bundled up together, and

under them were Written the Names of their Enemies , whofe Flefh had been
At

the

either Sacrificed or eaten.

Twelve Leagues beyond

Crijaha^ and call'd

it V'ira

Zetnpoal,

trux^

which

Corte^ built a

new

City near the River

Viego Felafques refented fo

ill,

it

being

done

Pi
vf'M'E

Chap.

RICA

6:

done without his knowledge,that he petition'd the Council of Quid to give SenBut whilft Cortex expected an anfwer
tence of Death acrainft the Founder
from the EmbaiTadors (which were fent to the Spanijb Court to give account
:

of building a City there) he travelled eighty Leagues Wefterly.

Zempoalenfers accompanied him in great Troops, hoping by that means

of the

The

neceffity

to fliake off the yoke of the

mighty King SMontczuma, againft

whom they

were

coming into the Territory of Sincucbimalar, was in the

Name of Montezuma, by one of his Princes, courteoufly entertain'd in a great
Village, fcituate on a fteep Mountain, without any Path or Way leading to it,
Sincucbimalar lies furrounded with Hills, whofe
but by two high Ladders.
Coming down from the Village, they tratops feem to touch the Clouds.
fuch great Incon*
vell'd through a barren and cold Valley, where they fuffer'd
then defign'd.

forte^

to* his Exploits

want of Provifions and Water, and exceeding coldnefs of the

Weather, that many of them perifh'd. After that, they afcended a pleafant
Hill, on whofe fummit flood a Chappel, with a handfom Steeple, and hedg d
about with great heaps of Wood, brought thither by the Inhabitants for the
At the foot of this Mountain was a fruitful Valley
ufe of their Sacrifices.
veniences by

watered by a pleafant River, on whofe Banks a certain Prince narn'd Cacatamt*

Rooms, and convenient
?ihs had a Palace, built of Stone, and containing many

Lodgings.
ctures,

Somewhat

which were

all

higher to the Land, appear'd

under Montezuma's Jurifdiclion

more of

the like Stru-

but the neighboring

;

Countrey Tlaxc alia , whofe Inhabitants were famous for their Valor, would
never receive any Laws from Montezuma.
Corte^wj fooucr fet footing in this Countrey, but he was fet upon by a thou*
fand of the Inhabitants,who at the fir ft Affault kill'd two of the Spanifh Horfe,
yet after this bold Charge, the AlTailants fled, and on the next day defir'd
Peace- whereupon the Spaniards march' d quietly into t|e Countrey, when a
confused

Company ,or Forlorn=Hope, making

a horrible Noife,

fet

upon them 5

Main Body, which immediately

hundred thoufand, hemm'd in the handful oE.Spa*

after a flight Skirmifh, they fled to their

but

drawing up, being at leaft a

them no Angle to efcape at.
niards and fo were ready to fwallow them, leaving
Thus invironed, they were alTailed on every fide, fighting till Sun-fet, and
had undoubtedly been utterly deftroy'd, had not Cortex ply'd his fix Pieces of
Cannon, difcharging continually Volley after Volley upon them and though
the Execution was very much, yet the Sound and report of their Ordinance

was more terrible to them that were out of the reach of the Bullet, and made
more to the gaining fo great a Victory, F ear conquering more than Slaughter
;

fo that

by

the
the Evening, defpairing either of their Safety or better Fortune,

But the purfuing Conquerors firing five of

yet they, though thus totally
their Villages, remained Matters of the Field
routed, taking frefli Courage (a wonderful thing !) reinforced them, and fet
upon the Spanifh Camp, with no lefs than 150000 Fighting Men Yet not-

whole Army disbanding

fled

withftanding fo vaft an Army, Corte^o well order'd his fmall parcel of Men,
and fo valiantly led on upon all Advantages, that he in like manner defeated
Blood
this, as they thought, Invincible Preparation. Thus flefh'd with fo much
of
Natives he raged every where, giving no Quarter where-ever he
the

went.

Mean

while .Quefitangal, a neighboring Prince, having alfo raifed an

with which he defign'd, being

rush

aflifted

by darknefs,

Quarters by Night, fubtilly diffembling

Army

craftily to fall into the Spa*

fent

Embafladors the day be,

fore,

Remarkable
Tlaxcalla.

War

in

M E%;I C

*A

84-

Chap. IIL

A.

with fcveral Prefents, and Overtures of Peace, which indeed were onely
Spies, to take notice where they might beft break in upon them
which Corta^miftrufting, and foon being informed of the whole Defign he cut off the
Fore,

Spies Hands, fo fending

them back

to Quefitangal

with Defiance

Hereupon

the

immediately letting forward, took advantage of the enfuing Night

and with great fury fell upon the Spaniards, who preacquainted with the De*

Indians

were

good a pbfture to receive them, that not able to endure fuch

hot Service, they quickly retreated, and utterly gave over the Enterprizc But
Cortez^ as much encouraged by thefe Victories, purnYd them, and the fame
Night Storm'd Tlaxcalla, a City containing above twenty thoufand Houfes
which in few Hours he carried. This City was curioufly built, of bak'd
iign,

in fo

Stones, and a place of great

with Buyers and

Sellers,

Trade

infomuch that the Market-places fwaim'd

bartering one with another all manner ofProvifi5

ons, as Fifh, Flefh, and Bread, alfo

Plumes of Feathers^
Tapeftry, Chalk, Stones, Timber, and Herbs.

Pearls, imbroyder'd

Twenty

days Corte^ ftaid here to refreOi his Army, and then march'd to the
neighboring City Cbiurutical, with the Auxiliary Forces of the Tlaxcallans, to
the

number of above

Cbiurutical

a hundred thoufand
(

had bafricado'd up

they told him,

their Streets, 4 laid

great heaps of Stones, that their upper

upon

That

the People

the tops of their

Rooms were cramm'd with

of

Houfes

Archers,

and all things made ready both for Offence and Defence which Advertifemenc
he not much hearkned to,becaufehe was conducted into the City with all their
;

State=Formalities of Singing and Tabering

upon

their Tamboes,ind every

where

courteoufly entertained.

A Plot

^rangely difa>

ver'd.

Mean while

Montezuma had

rais'd a great

Army, which were

in their advance, not onely to the defence of his Border, but to furprize them them while
they ftaid in that City, the Townfmen having invited him thither to their re-

own defence, had

Woman, who giving

fcue and his

Chirutecan

not the Plot been accidentally difcover'd by a

advice to one of her Friends that followed Cor*

he mould immediately make his efcape, becaufe that all the Strangers
would bedeftroy'd within few Hours, who came and informed Corte^ therete%j that

of

Strange Martial Afiairj.

whereupon he dehYd all the Magiftrates of the City to come and fpeak
with him, who no fooner entred the Hall where he was, but his Men by
Command immediately (hot them to death, which terrible Rumor fpreadingj
and alarm'd with the report of the Executing Mufquets, the City was fuddenly
;

in an Uproar, gathering thither

Conflict,

which

lafled five

Hours

Arm'd from
;

Succefs, loofing their Courage, they

and began a fharp

but then wearied out, and dejfpairing of
all Places,

dehYd aCellation, and

at laft

concluded

Peace with the Spaniards.

This
pos'd

it

News

of his difcover'd Intention, fo ftartled Montezuma, thathefupbetter to defift, and procure the Favor of Corte^ by Prefents
where;

him 15000 Cotton Habits, trim'd up very richly, ten great Charof Gold, and fome Veffels of Wine, defiring him for a while to forbear

fore he fent
gers
Now Mini c t\

his Intentions

of marching to Tenuftitan his Chief City, and that he would in

the mean while treat with him for an Accommodation.
But Cortez. though
he accepted of the Prefents, yet neverthelefs held his Refolution of marching
on.

Wonderful Mountain Papacsttptfut.

Eight Leagues from Tenuftitan he faw the donble-fpired Mountain

pequc; fo call'd

from

the

Smoke which

continually aicends from

its

(popocate*

top

for
;

Topoca %nifies

Smoke, and Tepeque,

A Mountain. The Smoke

rifes

upright,and

with

Chap.

AMERICA.

III.

SS

o\S

much

ith fo

Lounting
>lv'd.

by

ftrength, that

upwards

to climb

the gfeateft

Wind

it

deviates not one jot

whole forked Head ten Spaniards

half way up, they were forc'd to

in a direct Line, to

but having got fcarce

from
re-

re-

two more refolute conquer'd all

Lofe Difficulties, and got to the top, where the mouth of the Cave, as they
The making of the Mounleffed, meafur'd four Miles in Circumference
the Allies lying knee-deep

irn,

yet at laft

Refolution of two Spa'

wards,

in,

and roaring of the Flames, frequently burfting forth,

fo

much

terrified

for, as we faid, the Ground not onely

em, that they flaid not long there
embled under them, but the Fiery Gulph ejected great Stones, which falling
>wn on all fides of the Mountain, rolled to the bottom and without doubt
run to a hollow neighboring
iey had there perifli'd, had they not fpeedily
the reft of their Company, where
ill, from whence they came at length to
j

ey were admir'dby the Indians for their undaunted Refolution, and prefent-

withfeveral rich Gifts.

rinces,

and fuch

minted for their

as

Thefe

Indians

had a Tradition, That for wicked

had not govern d the People well,

this

was

the Tophet ap

Torments.

being got through the poor Territory of the Gua%azttigers, and having
great Cold upon the Mountains, difcover'd Amaquameca, the chief City

Corte%,

ffer'd

Strange Cities

in

Amtti-

which he row'd in a kind of

Paffing from thence, he was courteoats, by the Inhabitants call'd Acales.
afly receiv'd in I%taf>alapd, another City, which boafts above eight thoufand
:

the Province Chialco, feated in a great Lake, to

one Buildings, befides admirable Palaces, with fpacious Rooms, delightful

ardens, and Ponds full of Fifii,and almoft cover'd with Fowl from whence
-

Wall or Cawfe=way of a great breadth, that crofs'd over both Land and War, led from h$af>alafa to Tenuftitan. This Cawfeway hath many Bridges,
hich are drawn up in time of War, under which the Water runs out or a
It Lake into a Frefli, that ebbs and flows, although lying between high
ountains, and feventy Leagues from the Sea.

On

both

fides this

Wail,

being ten Leagues

\A

in length,

appears three great

Towns,

very fcange ckwfe|

M E%1 C
and

Mefiqualiftngo, Cohacana,

Towns, Vh^

Chap.

J.

Jtuichilabufco, all

Populous, and well-

built.

How tky ^ke

Cohacana

Salt.

is

fupplied by the Salt Lake, to

no fmall benefit and

its

inriching;

Water being by Pipes convey/ d into the City, in all the Places and Ci
{terns for its reception makes a Scum, which being coagulated by the Sun, and
after boy I'd, becomes Salt, with which they drive a great Trade ; for no Salt

for the

being to be had in any place but here,

all

Foreign Merchants come thither

for

Supply.
Corte% being in his

March within

a League and a half of Tenuflitan, Monte^u-.

ma, preceded with a thoufand of his Noblefs

came

to

meet and

of them rather like Pilgrims, bare-footed, and congying,

all

who

kiffing their right

them appear'd

Monte-

put a Chain of Gold, imbofs'd with Pearls, about

Cortex

Hands, with which they

3tt7tt4.him{elf,

Ground

falute him,

the

firft kifs'd

After

Neck, and immediately conducted him to the City, where having entred
anc being come into the Palace, Montezuma plac'd Corte^ on a Golden Throne
his

fcemariwbie Pai&ge of

and furrendred up

his

Right to his Catholick Majefty of

Spain, in the

prefena

no fmall amazement.
But whilft all things had a good face, and went on thus fairly beyond theii
expectations, Cortex^ was in fbrm'd, That King Coalcopoca had a Defign on th<

of

all his Peers, to their

new

City Vera Crux, and had treacheroufly murder'd two of the Garrifon
and wounded two more Whereupon Corre^having fuch fair beginnings, wh<
:

had fwallow'd already in his Hopes the whole Empire and Wealth belonging
to Montezuma, laid hold of this Occafion, pretending Treafon, and breach o
Contract ; wherefore he put Montezuma under Cuftody, notwithstanding hi
had

cleared himfelf

and

fifteen

of his

of the Confpiracy, by bringing

Peers.,

Prifoners to Tenuflitan,

Coalcopoca,

who by the command of

Cor

Wood.

vair

te^ fufFer'd a lingering death, being all burnt with Green

did Montezuma think to reconcile himfelf with Corte^, fince

render no manner of fatisfaction
frefh

with his Sons

all

But in

he did coulc

however he continu'd to oblige him

Favors, whofe Relation we will be more particular in, as meriting
j

b)
th<

fame.
Monte%iima

much

Grandees feem'd to be

difontented, becaufe he had with,

out the leaft rcfiftance or confideration fetlcd a handful of Strangers to domi&

neer over his whole Dominions,

was now
fo

a Prifoner, like a

by which

common

Amongft

mighty Territories.

weaknefs and pusillanimity, he

Malefactor, who had formerly crovern'd
his

feveral Princes

which feem'd thus to

be

was Catumazjn Governor of the Province Hacohacan, who had he

not been furpriz'd and attaqu'd the Night before by the information and difcovery of Montezuma himfelf, he would have hazarded the ruine of all

concern'd,

Qone^

his Succefles

But

now

Fortune

derful Advantages to the Spaniards

ing like Rivers from

all

Quarters

;
,

(till

more fmil'd, giving wonand Gold continually flow-

daily

Silver

that their

onely trouble and puzzle

was where and how to difpofe it but yet for all this, they were not free
from jealoufic, that Montezuma's Forces might fwallow theirs, though he
was fecur'd
of which you may judge by the vaftnefs of his Imperial City
:

aic^yX^

eR y " Taut/titan,
ters

with a

feated in the Province of Mexico,

frefli

where

a Salt

Lake mixes

River, both which in circumference contain, as

we

its

Wa-

faid, ie-

venty Leagues, and diftant from the Main Land five or fix Miles
the Water
about it continually cover'd with fmall Boats rowing up and down. It hath
;

four Stone

befides

Draw-Bridges

in feveral Places,

and ftrenpthned with

Gates

/'

mm

Chap,
Gates no

The

III.
lefs artificial

Frefh Water

M ETK

I C A.

than coftly, which lead From the City to the

Main Land.

convey'd through the Salt in a Wall'd Channel,

out of
which none may take up Water, except they pay Excife to the Kings
Farmers.
This City boafts above fixty thoufand Houfes, all divided into
Iflands, but
joyn'd with great Wooden Bridges
The Market-place furroimded with Galleries, drives a quick and conftant Trade, being always
full of Buyers and SelIn every Street they have a publick Inn, in each of
lers.
which they keep Ordinaries, wherein the Tables are ftor'd with well-drefs'd
Flefli and Fifli
not
wanting plenty of Wine. Their Trades are divided into feveral
is

Companies,

lid they have their peculiar Places to dwell

a Fruit not unlike

:aos,

They

deal very

much

ir

cL

an Almond, which beaten to Powder, and prepared

with feveral other Ingredients,

with us, call'd Chocolate

in.

gives

name

Cacaos

what manner of

Fruit.

to that excellent

Drink

now

in ufe

They grow

onely on moift and warm Grounds, and

ire us'd fo currently in Trade, that they go in
ftead of Money. Amongft maly beautiful Edifices, their Guild is very magnificent,
wherein twelve Judges,
:

by a confiderabfe number of Officers and Servants, fit

daily, hearina
nd determining all manner of Caufes. The next is their
Chief Temple or

.trended

rfinfter,

nto

the.

Stately Temple]

built quadrangular, all

four principal Streets

of Free-Stone, having four Portals, opening

or Triumphs, that end at the four Stone Bridges,

)n the Walls, being of an exceeding height, Rand feveral

Turrets, fiflfgh,
hat they feem to hide their Spires in the Clouds >
and

have Apartments'
Lodge, and Study, which are afcended by Marble
teps.
Thefe Religious Perfons are generally of Noble Extrad,
which at feen years old are carried thither, where leading a very ftrid
Life, they never
ome forth to fee the World, till they enter the State of Matrimony. The
fa.
therein the Priefts Diet,

ftobd over the G(kodian Haven, between whofe Legs

all Ships
id Sail, that came in or went out of the Harbor, cannot
(land in competition
nth the ftupendious Idol Vuichilabuchichi , whofe Head touches
the ArchM Cei*
ng of the high Temple. Near his ftand feveral leffer Images, made
of Meal
loiis Colojfm, that

nd

Horn We Images.

of Herbs bak'd together, and kneaded with Mens Blood.

Along
ie Walls are exceeding dark Vaults, in which
the Priefts onely walk- over
lem are large Halls, full of Prefentations of their Gods, which ferve
for the
urying*places of their Kings.
all forts

Whilft Qorte^ and Montezuma were viewing the Temple, two

Spaniards rufh'd
tddenly into one of the Cells, where they found abundance
of Lamps and
orches burning, and the Walls bedaub'd two Inches thick
with Humane
ore

Overhead hung

vaft

numbers of

their Sacrificing

Knives
;

ench of the place was intollerable.

But

Cortex

going on, Montezuma and

down fome of

I that he pull'd

his

Attendants refented

it

and the

very hainou.f*

and durn: prefume to look in the

ingsFace, for thofe People bear fo great Reverence to their
Kings, that
3ne dares fo much as once lookup in their
prefence His Council ftand'baretheir Idols,

Grandeur of the Kings

ftooping with their Faces bow'd almoft to the Ground

before him
>ur times a day they change their Apparel
and a Suit which they have once
orn, is put to no other ufe, but prefented
to fiich Soldiers as have done
>oted,

fome

ninent Service.
her Veffels

ng hath
re

in

Whatever manner of Chargers, Dimes, Pots, Cups, and

the Emperor is ferv'd in at his Table, are every
Meal new. The
Tennjlitan three great Structures, whofe
Magnificence,for Coft and

Architecture, can hardly be paralleii'd.

form'd People

The

The

the Refidence for all

fecond, an JViary for all smarter of Birds and Fowl,-

uf

fir ft is

>einp"

s^ge Ga^en-houfc,

AMERICA

88

Chap.

III.

being a fpacious open place, Roof d with Nets, and furrounded with Marble
feveral
Galleries. The third, being a Den for Wild Beafts, was divided into
Rooms, wherein were kept Lions, Tygers, Wolves, Foxes, and all manner of
Four-footed Animals.
But whilft Cortex having

itaid

waiting eight Months in

return of the MeiTengers fent to the

SpaniJJ?

Tenujlitan, for the

Court, receiv'd Tidings,That <Pam*

by order of Velafques,vras come with eighteen Sail, Mann'd with

eight hundred Foot, and eighty Horfe, from Quba, and now riding before the
from whence foon after he receiv'd unexpected Command, to
Mexican Coaft
come prefently aboard unarm'd, and refign up his Authority But he in ftead

fhUoT{arVaecy,

time to relinquifh his Title, and

while the Spaniards which remained inpofleffi-

of fubmi/Tion, compell'd NarVaecy

own him

for Superior.

Mean

in a fhort

on of Tenu/iitan, ran the hazard of a general MalTacre for

Homacking the Oppreflions of the Spaniards, who grew very

the Citizens

much

infolent, inflaving

King, bringing their inveterate Enemies the Tlaxcallans and Guazuzjngans

into their City, exacting them to pay Tributes, pulling down their Gods, and
dcmolifliing their ancient Idols, they brake out from all Parts in a tumultuous

their

manner, ran to Arms, and befieg d them Day and Night

in their Fort, air

though Montezuma endeavor'd to perfwade the contrary. Corte^ hearing of it,

came to their relief with the New Forces Landed from Cuba but he fighting
his way ere he could get in, was fo roughly entertain'd by the Mexicans, that
.

they killed

him

forty

many
Shot made

Men, wounding

5fteen Field-pieces with continual

as

number of

the Aflailants, vet they fuddenly

with

Men, which

frefli

Three Days the

cfuriber'd over the

more.; and notwithftanding

foul

fill'd

Breaches, leffening the

up

their Vacancies again

Heaps of thofe

that lay (lain.

when Monteztnm being with

low Window, to fee if he could com-

Battel had continu'd very fierce,

the Spaniards in the

Ca (lie, went

to a

but a continual Cry fo deafned their Ears, anc

fhowres of Arrows and Stones fo took away their bht, that he did nothing.

mand

his Subjects to retreat

Ther

'

Chap.

III.

^AMERICA

.*

89

ThenMouteztuna, thinking to be more eafily either heard. or fccn, went to

a
higher Window, where looking our, he was unfortunately hit with a Stone
of which he died three days
extremely by Famine

after.

Befides their Enemies, the Spaniards fufFer'd

and though they had beaten down a Tower,, which

had done the Cattle great mifchief, and

they could difcern no likely

ifliie

hundred Houfes on fire, yet

thereof, but judg'd it bed to make their

efcape by Night over the neareft Bridge

fet five

Ccrte^ therefore dividing his gotten

Treafures, which amounted to above feven hundred thoufand

amongft

his Soldiers,

with him, though not without

fail'd

him on both

Montezuma's

Duckets

carried Montezuma's Son,

fides,

and

own Children.

infinite

and two Daughters, Prifoners

danger and lofs . for the Tenufikans af-

falling in alfo

upon

his

Rear, fpar'd not

to, kill

In this laft Fight the Service

was fo hot, that C.

or *
te^ loft forty two Horfe, a hundred and fifty Spa?iiards, and two thoufand
Auxi
liariesj and although gotten over the Lake, they were ftili purfu'd
by the
Mexicans, who Would then undoubtedly have made a general Slaughter,
had
not Corte^, amufed the Enemies, by leaving in the Night great Fires in feveral
Places, his fuppos'd Gamps, whilft he filently ftole away
Yet the Tenuftitans
would have purfu'd the Spaniards, had they not wanted Provifions But Corte^

Sfaniardsteaten afrefh,1

fending his Treafure before him, through the Countrey Coha, to Vera
Crux,
with a Convoy of five Horfe, ancl forty four Foot, were all cut off by the CoU
Vaans,

and

feafted

upon

in a

Thankfgivfng

The fame misfortune

Sacrifice.

twelve Spaniards in Tepeacu, which great City furrendred it

e^ being affifted by a mighty Army of Tlaxcallans and others.

Pel

be*

up to CorBut after all

felf

Remarkable Exploits of
Cortex

hefe LofTes, he took Guaccachiuila,

and I^Ruca, both fortified with ftrong Walls

md Gates ; in which laft he burnt above a hundred Temples, built for Hunane Sacrifices. All the Countrey through which he thus ranfack'd, he call'd

From

the City Ta^uco,

which he had newly taken, intending to

>efiege Tenuftitan, he digg d through the Lakes a broad Trench., of
above three
.eagues in length, to bring up thirteen new Ships to Tenuftitan
and the
1ei&*Spain.

leighboring People envying, that that City

s

theirs, raisM

an

Army

We^ their General

rig
ut

of above a

mould not be conquered, as well

hundred and fifty thoufand Men, making

Himfelf incamped on one corner of the City, appointthe other two fides to be invefted by Gonfales SandoValo, and fedro
Jlvarado:

the Befieg'd refolutely broke out,

md

Boats, fetting

and made

upon the thirteen Ships but

;

a fierce Sally

the great

cution and havock amongft them, that they retreated

whoever were taken Prifoners in

eing

CommhTion'd by Corte^

ras taken, but

this Fight

feafted

upon.

by the

On

not without great Slaughter, and the

with

five

thou-

Guns made fuch exwith great damape.

^y

Spaniards, the tlaxcallans

i

the feventh day the City

new King imprifon

d*

After this mighty Conqueft, Corte^ refolv'd to difcover

thofe Territories
tat lay Southward
and whilft he was making all things ready for the Voy;
ge, he fent two Ships with an invaluable
Treafure to Spain, who fearing
3 be taken by the French Pyrats, ran in at Tercera, where a
miferable Accident
apned to the Seamen of the biggeft Ship, wherein were
carried two Tyger",

though taken young, and bred up amongft men, yet

had not fo quite
Kgotten their natural ferocity, but that one breaking loofe
in the Night, tore
:ven of them in pieces, hurting a far greater number,
of which fomeVd the
rawns of their Arms, the Calves of their Legs,
and flefiry parts of their
/hich

thighs bit out.

Several Places in America breed Tygers, that far exceed

Lyons

Tenuftitan J or Mexict,

m fiercenefs

fo

Sad accident occafion'J

by a Tyger s

M E%JL

5>o

Chap.

C A.

Ill:

frequents, though the Soil be

where any confiderable number of them
But the Baboons that
deiblate and forfaken.
fo fruitful, yet it is left

fo that

never

**

Battel

wuh Ba-

bo

Woods are more pleafant, and lefs dangerous, titer Arm relates,
whole Army incountred with thefe Beafts, which climb'd from one

frequent the

That

his

and making very ftrange Gefticulations to thofe

their Mouths and Hands full of Stones,
that were gone before, and gathering
When one of thefe
threw as exad and ftrongly as a Man.

Tree

to the other, (nrieking,

which they
Baboons, fhot by
fhriek, that the

one

Mufquet,

Woods

fell

to the

Ground, the

reft

gave fuch a horrible

refounding with the noife, ftrook a terror into the Spa*

feveral things that

Amongft

niardsJ

A Spaniard taking

aim with

hapned

his

in this Counter-fcuffle, take this

Mufquet

at

an old Baboon, which

fate

ready to give Fire, the Baboon Sol*

a StOne out of his Mouth,
dier,at the very inftant, to break the Shot, taking
fome of his
exactly into the Mans Mouth, with fuch force as beat out
pearch'd up in a Tree, and being

now

juft

threw it

Teeth

with which fudden blow furpris'd, he

loft his

Mark ; and

the

proud

of Triumph, went his way.

Mexico)
But whilft Cortex ftaid in the Countrey of Tenujiitan (now call'd
with eleven Ships, to the
Francifcw Garajus fail'd out of the Haven of Jarnica,

Foe fhewing

figns

Rive

according to the

'Panucus, there,

Command of

the

Emperor

Charles, to

Colony Whereupon he went afliore, ordering his Fleet to fail along

So wading through the River Montaltus, which glides bein fight of Land
and they
tween nigh Mountains, he came to a Morally Ground, in which he
of young
often funk almoft up to the Middle, and loft his way in a Thicket
yet at laft being come to the River fanucus, he found feveral high
Trees
Towers, deftroy'd by
Walls,' being the Ruinesof FortretTes, Temples, and
Twenty Leagues further, upon
fo that the City lay quite defolatc.
Qorte^
manner fack'd and deftroy'd
the Banks of the fame River, Corte^ had in like
plant a

Creatdeflruftiotf

Ch'tglia,

Town

Houfes, befides

burning reckon d above twenty thoufarod

Palaces, Walls, Towers, and Temples : Which Cru-

which before

many

fair

its

and Spoil had bred fo great an Grdium in the Inhabitants againft the Spanu
Garajus, who had only a few
ards, that they immediately fent an Army againft
yet he received the Enemy twice in his Retreat
half.ftarv'd Men with him
but finding nc
to the new Colony St. Steven, rais'd out of Chiglid s Ruines ;
Horfe into the
Provifions whenever he came, he judg'd it fitteft to fend his
elties

The ^fortunate i*Pe-

*uore*4.

Countrey to Forage which Corte^ meeting, took Prifoners, under pretence

Authority nor Right,
that Garajus came to take PoiTeffion,where he had neither
and Fleet, commanding him
Corf**, alfo made himfelf Mafter of Garajus Ship
.

withal to appear in tenujlitan , which not knowing how to avoid, he obey'd

His People meantime ranging up and down without a Head or Commander.
Natives for at one
either died by Famine, or were murther'd and eaten by the
:

*
Spaniards rofted.

time the Americans made a general Feaft with two hundred and fifty rofted SpaBut their days of Triumph lafted not long for SandoValus, one of Corniards
-

te^his Prime Ofgcers,

fet

with

feveral thoufands of them,

fo

much

and burnt

fury

fixty

upon

thofe Cannibals, thz.t he

kill'd

Perfons of Prime Quality ,all Com.

of their Friends and Relations. But Garajus, whofe Son

was married to Corte^ his Daughter, liv'd not long after the Wedding, whiJ
poyfon'd him, to rid himfeff of a Partnei
occafion da murmur as if

manders,

in the fight

O^had

Ccrtet his Ambition.

Government for it had been generally obferv'd, that his Ambition fuf
all were Servant
no Equal. The Americans fell all down before him
The Court which he kept fwarm'd with Attendance, on which he fpen

in his
fer'd

alike

val

nap.
vail

Sums of Money

burfements.

He

elfe for the

A.

pi

yet his Incomes were able to bear fuch exce/five Dif.

kept in conftant

ready rigg'd and prepared on

or

M E %jl C

II.
in.

all

Pay

thoufand Soldiers, and feveral Ships

occafions, to hold in

New

Difcovery of

five

Countreys

Yet

awe the

after all thefe extraordina*

ry Charges defrayed, to (hew his Wealth and Greatnefs,

Gold

enflav'd People,

he caus'd a Piece of

for the Kings

which formerly acknowledged Montezuma for their Sovereign, gave him a yearly Revenue, moll of
which were valu d to be worth twenty three Tun of Gold ; for fo much the
King of TefcufcaSj a (lately City, paid, whofe Houfes Plaifler'd with WhiteLime, feem'd afar off to be rather a Chalky Hill or Mountain, covered with
Snow Full as much did the King pay which reigned in Oitimba, notwith-

Cannon

to be call all of maflie

standing he had received with his

others gave

lefs

The King

Guard of

five

it

the

with

Guacinalgo,

bringing Gold, came to prefent

a

Chrijiianity

Name
his

of Ferdinand Qorte^

yet

Mother, and fome Slaves,

and entring the Palace, through

to Corte^-

hundred Horfe and four Hundred Foot, which were always

ready Arirfd for fear of Infurrectidns, he

fell

down

proflrate

on the Ground.

outwent whatever he could defire, hope for, or imagine:

And Jharedoj one of his Commanders, being fent Eaflwardly, brought great
Treafures back with him, which the conquered Kings were forc'd to raife.
But Fortune, who feldom continues her Favors long, at lafl began to frown

Thus

things even

all

His Misfortune*,;

Gold and Pearls to the Em*

peror Charles the Fifth, Floryn the French Pyrate met with and took it, which
went fo much to his Heart that for a considerable time he fent no Advice to
the Spanijh Court, which made them grow jealous of him, doubting that he
intended to make himfelf King over 3tyto*$pain\ and this Sufpicion was not a
little augmented by his Enemies.

for Corte^ having fent an unvaluable Treafure of

In the
fent out

Neck of

by

thefe, followed

Corte^ to difcover

him, being then

in the

new

Haven

another Misfortune

for Chriftopher Olitus y

Countreys, rebelling, took up

Figueras,

five

Arms

againil

hundred Leagues beyond.

Not

withflanding the Spaniards, although amongft a new-conquer'd People, which

without doubt long'd for Revenge, were not to take notice of their danger,
but to go on with undaunted Refolution

whereupon

Corte^

drawing out a

way to meet OUtus, making great

Slaughters where*ever he came.
Francifco de la* Cafas was commanded to go
upon the fame Account by Sea, and arriving firft, found him fetling his new

(Irong Party, march'd a long and troublefom

Colony, which he nam'd Triumph

de Santla

Crux

>

and notwithstanding the

Water with a Northerly WinS was very rough and boyflerous in the Haven
Figueras (which the Spaniards call'd fo, becaufe they found Trees there, which
growing at the Foot of the Mountains, bore a Fruit not unlike a Fig) yet they
came to a prefent Engagement, wherein Cafas wording Olitus, having funk one
of his Ships, flood out again to Sea but furpriz'd by a violent Storm, and
driven on the Shore, fell into Olitus's Hands,who had a little before alfo taken
;

Egidius or Giles Gonfaks.

Thefe two

how

Prifoners confulted together

they

Plot of two Spawjk

Officers.

might poyfon or murder Qlitus, which fell out according to their defires, becaufe the Servants of the Houfe where they lodg'd fided with them
fo taking
hold of the firft opportunity, as they were at Supper together, they flabb'd
him with their Knives in feveral places yet the Wounds were not fo great or
;

mortal, but that he vetain'd flrength to efcape in the dark to a neighboring

Hut but
j

who

the AiTailmates immediately fent out Meffengers,publi(liing,Thathe

did not, knowing where Olitm wasdmniediately bring

him

to them,fliould
receive

a M E%1 C

S>i

receive condign

punifhment

which

and was immediately beheaded.

During the time that the Spanijb

A,

Chap. HI.

terrifying Olitus, he difcover'd himfelf,

Officers

had

thefe Civil Broyls

one againfl

Man well experience in the Law, came from

Emperors Name to fettle all things in good order

another, Lodmick fonUus,*

to America, there in the

Spain

having alfo particular Inftructions, to fhew great kindnefs to Corte^, and to make
him a Knight of the Order of St. James, that by that means the Emperor might
-

be the more eftecm'd for his Noble Subjects and Servants, amongft the Mexicans, who are themfelves of a proud and ambitious fpirit, and chiefly the No-

which doth manifeftly appear by their Apparel, more gorgeous than

the meaner fort of Americans
and though the Slaves go flark naked (having
;
bility,

onely a Cloth tied about their Privities

and with a Bowe and Arrows walk

before their Lords, yet the Better Sort go very coftly Habited
for about
their Necks they wear Strings of Pearl
on their Heads, a Cap, from whence
f
hang down two Scarfs, one longer than the other then a party-colour'd
Cotton Coat covers their whole Bodies to their iCnees, under which they wear

Mwcctnt Apparel,

a Veft girt about their Middle.

Butatlaft, after

all

thefe Services, Corte^d ifagreeing with the

Viceroy

Don Jntonio Mendo^a, being about that time fent over, went male- contented
into Spain.

Sect,
Diego Gottierez
>

2{o x^o.Gottiere^ being chofen

from Cadi%, and

k
-

coicefo

with

Roderick Cntreras, in

XI.
his

Expedition.

Governor of J^ew

Carthage, we igh'd

failing to Ts^ombre de >/w,upon his

whofe Place he was

fent to fucceed.

Landing

Two

Anchor

claflf d

with

Years he fpent

without effecting any thing

but at laft coming to Agreement with Contreras,
he took the Governorfln'p upon him, having firft forewarn'd him
not
.

to de-

pend

Chap.

AMERICA

III.

pend too much upon his Authority- for the Countrey being full of Woods
But he not regarding the
and Mountains, might hide many of his Enemies
Advice, went a Journey from jN^Tb Granada, and having march'd fifty Leagues
:

Eaflerly, he crofs'd into the River Suere, with fixty Spaniards,

and was prefent*

ed by the Princes of the Countrey with as much Gold as amounted to feven

thoufand Duckets. Here he fpent fome Weeks, effecting little ; but now all
things

arowing

fcarce,

though he was very earnefl with the Natives for Prbvi*

which kind of Life the Soldiers difliking, and

Gottiere^ thus left
growincr weary of, went away in the Night to Nicaragua.
alone <?ot into a Boat, with intent to follow them and being jufl put off
he could get

fions, yet

little

Isforfakenof all.

was met by Captain (Barjanto, who brought new Forces and

This wrought upon him to flay there. Not long
frefli Proviilons with him
after Jlphonfo de fifa went with twenty feven Men from lS[ombre de Dios to the
but it being then very rough at the Entrance, he was neceffame River Suere
iitated to pafs on to a fmall uninhabited Ifle, where whilfl he lay at an Anchor,

from

the Shore,

9^^ l^e

Weather began to grow worfe and worfe y the Gulls of Wind, mix'd with
Showres of Rain, Thunder, and Lightning, feem'd to threaten a general Defor in the Ship two Spaniards and one Moor were kilFd by the
ftru&ion
At lafl
In feventy two Days, the Sun did not fhine four Hours
Lightning
the

Main Land, where he faw nothing but

Here for a time they liv'd upon Cockles
vafl Mountains and WildemeiTes.
At length coming to Got*
found on the Shore, and wild Fruits in the Woods
tiere^, he fent him with his People in five Boats to fetch new Forces from Nomweighing Anchor, he

fail'd

over to the

bre de Dios.

In his

way

thither he

faw

Houfe

built of Canes, cover'd

Palm-leaves, forty five Paces long, and built after an Oval fafhion

with

Round

which making up a Village, the Spaniards nam'd Francifco, becaufe they came thither on St. Francis Day. About half
way they met with the Lords of Suere and Cbiuppa, going to attend Gottiere^
to whom being admitted, and fitting with him at Table, he gave them, as a

about

it

flood feveral

Hovels,

leffer

all

vniagcFr*^.

Dainty, rolled Chickens and frefh Pork but they gave it to their Servants,not
delighting in the tafle of fuch Victuals. Gottiere^, by means of an Interpreter, told them concerning the Qmftian Religion, at which they bow'd their

strange manner of eating

But how little mind they had to emHeads, without making any Anfwer
for not long after, they fet their Villages on fire,
brace it, quickly appear'd
and all the Provifions which they could not carry with them,they fpoil'd,and
:

fo retiring, hid themfelves

upon

inacceiTible

Mountains.

Another Incentive

leading them to this Fight, was, becaufe the Governor (jmachiren, and his Deputy (notwithflanding he had given Gottiere^ as much Gold, when he came

amounted to feven thoufand Duckets, as we mentis

on'd before) yet was put in Prifon by his Order, contrary to all Promifes
Nay, Gottiere^ threatned to burn him (not regarding, that he had befides re*
ceiv'd of him feveral Pieces of Gold, refembling all manner of Beafls,as Ty*
gers, and others
and alio Fifhes and Fowls curioufly wrought, which were
firfl

into the Countrey, as

yet this Prefent feemed too little for him,

two Tun of Gold
whereupon bringing thePrifoner to aChefl, he fwore that he would rofl him
by degrees, if in four days time he did not furnifh him with four times as
much more Gold as that Chefl would hold.: Whereupon Chamachirens Servants
went away to get the requir'd Gold but he, through carelefnefs of the Watch,
made his efcape in the Night, fo that Gottiere^ loft his Booty. But the other
valu'd at

Prifoners, though threatned to be torn afunder with Dogs, remained firm,

difownins

Uofatisfied CoystoiiCicfs
f

Goitienz-

ME^

*A

94-

difowning that they had any Gold

;

to the Spanijh Officer faid

Ipould not Kill him

Law

keep him Chain d againjl

for he

That

he

J aid

Chap. Hi.

and among the

be flood

and fromife
,

I t 'A.
A.

amazed at

one fpeakino- boldly

reft,

his treacherous dealings, Tvhy

and often threaten d him

had rather chooje

to

die,

death,

-frith

did he

but yet

than live fo m'iferabk

life.

Gottierc^s Confcience troubling

Indian,

him, he would willingly have

and the rather, becaufe he promised

to procure a great

releas'd the

ranfome of

Gold
but the inferior Commanders would not confent to it. After this they
march'd fix days through great Wilderneffes, and over high Mountains, find;

ing no Footfteps of any People.

and

Laftly,

They came down

a very

Mountain, where had not the Shrubs and jutting Stones

to hold by, they had all broken their Necks.
Dangerous Mountains,
I

Strange Huts.

fteep

dangerous

ferv'd

them

Fifteen Leagues, the hanging of this

Mountain fpread it felf along a fweet

River, on whole oppofite Shore flood ftrange Huts full of dead Tygers,
Deers
Heads, and Legs

two days to reft themfelves, where

Plants yielded them good Food.

here they ftaid

Mamei and the Ca^abi

the Trees

Travelling forward, Gottiere^ ask'd an Indian which was the neareft way
to a
Village, but he pretending not to know any near hand , had his
Head immediately cut

In like manner, and for the fame reafon the Indian Prince

off.

fhould alfo have been Executed, had not Gottiere^ given order to the
contraryfeeing his rcfolution , that with no lefs Patience than
undaunted Courage^
ftrctch'd forth his

Neck

creafing, they fuffer'd

Mean

to the Executioners.

while, their Provifions de-

extreme hunger

infomuch, that fome fainted quite

The Souldiers alio rebelling againft Gottiere^fox Food, he commanded
them to kill their Dogs, and ftamp the Barks of Trees
two days they tra;

away.

much difcontented in this manner, and at laft came to the entrance of

a Wood, where they efpy'd an Indian ftanding behind a Tree,
which on a fudden ran away with incredible fwiftnefs
early the next morning , above four

velled

thoufand

came Marching againft the faint Spaniards, makincx a terrible

noife with Horns and Drums
they were all except their Princes Painted black
and red
fome wore Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Collars of the
fame about their Necks
the fight began very fiercely
by calling abundance
of Stones, and (hooting of Arrows, wherein, though Gottiere^
was at firft
Indians

Valiant

figkt.

Wounded,

yet after half an hour the Aftailants fled, but recruited

with freffi
Forces renew'd the fight, breaking into their Ranks, and making
fo great
flaughter amongft them with Woodden Swords, and Palm-Tr.ec

Clubs,

knocking down, and dealing fuch deadly Wounds, that of the Spaniards, three
onely cfcap'd , faving themfelves by flight, who two hours after,
much
amaz'd and terrify 'd, came to their referve, confiding onely of twenty
four

Men, which
Heels,

Alphonfo de <%ifa

waving over

their

Commanded

the infulting

Heads the Swords,

Enemy

at their

Shields
and Crofs=Bows
which they had gotten from the flain Spaniards and fome withal crying
in the
Spahifh Tongue, Come Chriftians, come,and take Gold. But de
<!(jfa, for all their pride,
fet them going with fome Volleys of Shoe- after
this, eicaping
-

innumerable

other dangers, he

came

to

Sombre

de Dies,

without having

effected

any thina of

Note.

Sec

t.

Chap.

M E%J. C

III.

A.

9?

Sect. XI.
The Expeditions of Peter Alvarado, Francifco and Gonzalvo Pizarro

Diego de Almagro.

and

N the City of Panama,

in

Spain, liv'd three

2\(eTib

eminent Spaniards^iNA Vran-

Diego de Almagro, and Ferdinand de Luque a Prieft,

cifco Pi^arrO,

*'?"*'* and

**&&

remaikableexplolts -

which joy nt-

ly defign'd to difcover farther Southerly

along the rich Gold and Pearl Coaft

De Luaue was to look to home-affairs and

and infpect the Southern Ocean.

with a Ship Man'd with one hundred and fourteen Men,

which Almagro followed with feventy more , yet both were valiantly repuls'd
Pi^arro fet Sail

firft

but although they returned the firft time with bad fuccefs,
yet they undertook their bufinefs once more , but with no better fortune

by the Peruvians

whereupon difcouraged, the undertaking feem'd to be totally laid afide , and

the American Vice-Roy, Peter de %jos forbad any to attempt a farther Difcovery
concerning Peru,

The former

difficulties

with

this

Edift eafily wrought upon Piano's men^

but twelve, to leave him, for the reft went over with the Ship fitted out by
\ios with fuccors to the Illand Gallo , where Pizarro refided,
having alfo fail'd
in his fecond Expedition.
But although he had made two bad Voyages, yet
having an inclination to a third attempt, he went to Spain, defiring of the Emill

peror to be

Governor

which he had difcover'd for befides his Plea

af Merits he had taken poife/fion of the Country twice by Landing there ino-.<Peru

>

tended for the ufe of his Imperial Majefty

'

one of his Sea*men to that purpofe

[lourifhing his two-handed Sword over his Head , the glittering of which
Sword fo frighted the Natives, that none of them durft come near him.
His requeft being confulted upon, was at laft granted, the Government of
feru being conferred
to the

upon him

Emperor on fuch a

but Almagro took

fifty

where

very

by

ill,

that Pizarro

went

the mediation of his

then Pizarro fetting Sail with one hun*

Foot befides Horfe, and Landing

courteouily entertain'd

it

defign for himfelf; yet

Friends the difference was reconciled

ired and

at the Ifland

Puna, at

firft

was

p^^

t0

np.

but the Spaniards by extravagant hunting and fcarch-

Houfes for Gold, and committing feveral other outrages,

incenfing, changed the humor of the Inhabitants fo much , that they fell
upon
them. In ftead of Enfigns, Standards, and Warlike Trophies, they ufed long
ing every

Canes,

at the

by them

their

end whereof were

after

their

death

ty'd the

But

Bones of

fed

the

honored

thefe Reliques fav'd not the Indians

daughter, fo well as the coverts of a neighboring

From

their antient Hero's,

from

Wood.

this lile, lying three degrees

Southward of the EquinoHial, Pizarro pafover to the Main Continent , where they were all in a great confufion,
upon
report of. the Spaniard's cruelties committed in Puna
yet all the prepara-

tions of the Indians to withftand,

ftop'd not Pi^arro

from

his

intended courfe

&*** to p*i

having the fuceefs to mafter Tampe^ thence he made nothing to march

Forces over the-^fver Ambato
there burning a Temple Dedicated to the

for firft,
his

Sun.

The

Portico

Rood towards

the Eaft, the rifmg of their

God, before which W^Tem? k.

hung a Curtain of their fine Cotton Stuff, within ftood the prefentations
of
two Golden Rams, fhaded with Black, and as many Dragons, before
which
the Fire never went out, continually
fupply'd with Offerings of burnt Incenfe.

on

AMERICA.
on the

Pillars

hung

feveral

Men flead,

Chap.

their Flefli kept firm,

Ill,

and/ free from

all

Putrifaction, with the infufion of a fliarp Juyce.

Here Jlmagro coming to fi^arro with frefh Forces, they made no little penetration into Teru, fatisfying every where their third of Gold, and flaughtering
the ToothlefsTomfo^w, a people who having offended their King, had by
order the upper Teeth of the whole Nation beaten out.
4harado\

Exploits.

Peter Aharado

how

informed concerning the Riches of Peru

to infinuate with the

Emperor

in his

his

and well knowing

fawning Letters,

Friends fo prevail'd, that he alfo got leave to go thither

by

at laft

his

in purfuance di

which, Anno 1534- he Weigh'd Anchor with feven Ships from Guatemala , a City built by him between two Mountains. But Landing at Puerto Fiejo , and
Marching Eafterly over Snowy Mountains , he was met by Almagro, between

whom a bloody incounter

was like to have happen'd , but after fome time, a

Treaty being fet a Foot, they came to a Compofition on thefe Articles That
Aharado upon the receipt of a hundred thoufand Duckets, mould leave his
Men with Almagro, and depart from Peru with which fum, being inrich'd;
:

he foon after

fitted

new Countreys

out fourteen Sail to difcover

to the Well:

was fent for to Mexico by Don Antonio Mendo^a the Vice-Roy , to undertake a Voyage with him to the new'difcover'd
Countrey of Stbolla, abounding in Gold and Saffron, according to the report
of four Dominican Monks and having already tais'd feven hundred Men, news
;
came to Mexico, that Peter Zunica had received an overthrow by the Indians oSa-.
but being bufiein his preparations

whofe affiftance Jbctmdq March'd with all /peed, and found the Indifortifi'd wxh conjoyn'd Trees, and great
if incamp'd on a high Mountain ,
Stones ty'd together with Kuflica , behind which they were fecure from Shot.
The Spaniards climbing up the Mountain, approach'd their Works, when on a
fudden the Defendants giving a great Shout, cut the Cords which held their
Fortification together , whereupon the Stones and Trees tumbled down with
l\[co>

to

Notable

Stratagem

of

the Peruvians,

fuch force, that they kill'd both

wickednefsofawoman.

Guatimala deflroy'd by
z flood.

Men and

Horfe, few efcaping alive

In this

was loft. His Wife Beatrix CuoMa made a ftately Funeral for her Husband, and caused her Houfe to be Painted black, refufmg either
to Eat or Drink for a fet time, yet notwithstanding, all her pretence of forrow, fhe fo minded her bufinefs , that fhe took the Government of Guatimala
into her own hands 5 but her Dominion lafted not long, for on the eighteenth
of September, Anno 1541. happen'd a hideous Tempeft of Wind and Rain, mixt
with continual Lightning, and horrible claps of Thunder, and what was
more terrible , was anfwer'd with roars and horrid bellowings from the caverns of the Mountain, at whofe foot Guatimala flood. About midnight the
Mountain was deliver'd, whofe Birth was the irruption of an Inundating River, a precipitate torrent tumbling down full of Rocks and Stones , which
carry'd all before it, fo that in few minutes Guatimala was utterly fwept away,
conflict Aharado himfelf

not the

leaf!

mark remaining, nor any

Daughter by an Indian and

with broken Arms or Legs

left

alive except Aharado' s Baftard

in the adjacent Fields,

fome few, and they maim'd,

after this utter

deftru&ion, they re-built another

more
Voyage to

Guatimala, three Leagues

Eafterly.

But though Aharado was

loft in this

was not kid afide, for Francifco Velafques

March'd thither with eight hundred Men of which moft were Horfe, but
found nought elfe but Snowy Mountains and barren Plains , infomuch, that
his Men and Horfes were ftaiVd for want of Provifion wherefore he return'd
Enterprize, yet the

Sibolla

having onely burnt iome Villages, and had feveral

But
Rencounters with the Natives.

without

fucceis to Mexico,

.>

%m

_
AMERICA.

Cliap. III.
But At tabaliba a

commanded them both

march'd

it,

Prince

Tertian

97

inform'd of Tizarro and

Kingdom

to depart out of his

where

di redly to Caxamalca,

Jlmajrro's

comincr'

but they not regarding

Attabaltba kept his

who

Court,

again

them with command to leave his Dominions. Tizarro

made anfwer, that he could not obey any Commands but thofe of his Mailer
the Emperor, who had ordered him to fpeak with the King himfelf at his own
fent other Meifenpers to

Mi

Anal at

meflage

fcj

JPizarro.

Palace.

come forward, fent him a pair of

he might put them on when he appeared be-

Attabaltba hearing that Tizjirro refolv'd to

Painted Shooes and Armlets, that

Throne Captain

fore his

ling clofe

twenty Horfe,paf-

Ferdinand Sotto march'd before with

on the Flank of Attabaltba

Army

The Indians amaz'd

at the

praun-

cing of their Horfes, retreated into their Fortifications, but were for their

cowardize immediately
Sotto fent a

flain

by the King's Order.

Melfage to Attabaltba, That the Spaniards defu'd peaceably to Treat

with him, to which he receiv'd anfwer, That no Peace could be made, unlefs
they reftor'd the Gold and Silver to the Owners , which they had Plunder'd

from them, and forfook

his Territories

which

Audience the next day: Hereupon the Bifhop

ducted into the Royal Palace,

in the

have

was con*

Vincent de Villa Viridi

City of Qaxamalca, and brought before ^f*

who came thither in great State with a Guard of twenty five thouMen he was carry'd on the Shoulders of his prime Nobles in a Sedan,

tabaliba,

fand

fo doing, they fhould

about which hung Garlands of Gold, and divers colour'd Feathers

himfelf
was cloth'd in a white loofe Veil, without Sleeves his Temples were bound
-,

with a red Ribbon

with a long Talfel on

Cheek

on his Fore-head
ftuck three curious Feathers
before him March'd three hundred of his Life*
Guard, all in one Livery, w ho clear'd the way through which the King was
,

his left

The

to pafs.

before-mention'd Bifhop carry'd in one

other a Book, difcourling with the

Adam

CM an

the firft

and

Charles,

refiffc,

Pachamaca,

to the

Tower

expeH nothing

lefs

being the Creator of all things

glorious do they appear

(faid he)

in

That God

the
;

to

him

comparifon of a Crucifi'd

the

God

mufl needs befenfelefs, devoyd of all reafon } and withal highly

concern.

many Ages, and

mony of the truth of

This Book,

i\ing,

ibhich I hold in

upon

it,

objiinate,

heferVd

To make Teace and

un]ul~i>

-But the

to

neyer had the

Pope

giye away
leafl

"tohat

orfmalleft

his jtnceflors

had

the rather, becaufe there are no apparent or fuffcient Tefli-

Chriflianity.

looking upon

Em*

Sun and Moon'. Horn

Moreover, he would not dejert that ^ligion ivhich he and

matntain d fo

Attabaliba

in "tohich he

God's

to the

^Attabaltba reply'd, That

and next

of his own, viz. other mens Kingdoms,

Pope

and if he fhould proye

Alliance with mighty Trinces, was the true Foundation oftbife Government

ftas none

the Trinity
,

is

Heayen, had given Peru

America

than utter mine.

-,

a Crofs, in the

dy'd on the Crofs

he had from

as alfo all other Qountreys in

he mufl

to this effect

Chris! 'Born of a Virgin

Vicegerent , ivho according

per or

King

Hand

turn'd

The

my hand
it

was thus anfwer'd, faying,

latter claufe
,

proyes and declares

all

that

you queftion*

over Leaf by Leaf, then look'd

more

in-

which done he clap'd it to either Ear, and at lafl as

altogether unfatisfi'd, in difdainful manner threw it away.
But Tiz^arro gaining time while the King and Bifliop thus difcours'd, had
drawn his Men in Battel-Array , his fixty Horfe he divided into three Wings,
Commanded by his three Brothers, Ferdinand, John, and Gonzaho Tizarro, left
the Captains Sotto and Bay alcazar in an Ambufcade
Peter de panada march'd in
the Van, and lie himfelf in- the main Body, leaving Sotto in the Rear.
So foon as the Bifhop could acquaint them in what fcornful manner Jtt4*
tentively

the Print,

haUbn'-

Hisdifconjsfewith a'5>*-

U M E^l

9'

pwi

Rghts with At-

Chap.

A.

Ill

had thrown his Holy Book, The Word of God, upon the ground both Armies were Engaged, whilft their Trumpets founded, their Drums beat, their
Canons roar'd, the Horfes neigh'd, and the Dogs bark'd, they made a fpeedy
baliba

march up

againft the Walls oTaxamalca,

noifes ftruck fuch a

Pannick

which dreadful mixture of

fear into the hearts

of the

terrible

Indians, that they all

pre*

crowding one another to death at the Gates of the

City, which being too narrow to receive them, they themfelves made breaches
which opportunity the Spaniards no ways neglect*
in their own Walls to enter
ed, but entering with them , mot and kill'd all they could reach
their Dogs
fently broke, in their flight

alfo

having no

little

whole companies of Indians were

near Attabaliba's Chair was the greateft refifl>

fhare in the (laughter

trode under the Horfes feet

no fooner

yet

one of the Bearers, but immediately another fupply'd

the place
fo that the King was furrounded with heaps of his own flain Subjects, to whom Ti^arro himfelf Charged up fo clofe, that having feiz'd him by
ance, for

fell

long Hair, he pulTd him out of his Throne, and having gotten him under
him, fecur'd immediately in Fetters whereupon all his Life-Guard forfook

his
Attabalibn taken prifoner.

him, and

was
I

laid

fled

upon

But

the lofs of the Battel,

(J^unninagui,

which was

Jttabaliba's utter ruine,

Ambufh, fo to fall in
but was fo far from per-

a Captain appointed to lie in

Rear of the Spa?iiards with five thoufand men

forming his Orders, that terrifi'd at the uncouth noife of the Guns, and the
reft, that he fled one hundred and fifty Leagues Southerly, before he ftopt, or
the

Bids for

his

ranfom an

uiv

fcarce ever look'd behind

him

in fo

long a

valuable treafure.

Mean while, Jttabaliba compay him as much Gold as that

flight.

pounded with (Pi^arro for his Ranfom vi%. to

Hall in his Court (where they made the Agreement) could hold to the top
j
they firft meafur'd the heighth then the length which was found to be fifty
four Foot, and the breadth nine
In pursuance of this compofition, Gold was
brought thither from all places according to Attabaliba's order ; yet he could
not raife fo much as would perform his bargain, which made the Spaniards to
But Jttabaliba defiring fome lonnei time to perform it, telling ft'
grumble
,

%arro,

-r*

M ERIC

iap,

A,

99

moil of the Gold was brought on Slaves Shoulders , a long and

roublefome way, of two hundred Leagues long, from the City Cufco, and if
that

ftfrOj

would not

his

iform him, that he need not

yith his

own

people thither, to

fear the lean: danger, as

long

as

he was prifoner

away

to that purpofe ?

might fend fome of

Wife and Children.

The two
riet

his

Ti^airo

fatisfie,

after

Captains,

Sotto,

and Teter

del

Baro being fent

fome days Journey with one of Jttabaliba' s Leaders, who was bring-

ngthe King's Brother Guafcar with a Party, Prifoner to Caxamalca.

now

Guafcar had

a fair opportunity to crave affiftance of the Spaniards

tel*

were the Sons of Guaynacavdy Co that the King*

om was to be divided betwixt both. But Jttabaliba had by force made himfelf
/lafter of all, whereas he being the younger!, ought to be fatisfi'd with that
hare which Guafcar, being the eldeft, would aifign him- for the right of Inhethem, that he and

tng

Jttabaliba

itance belong'd juftly to

him, and yet he was carry'd away bound to (laugh-

But if fi^arro would do juftice in delivering him out of his Brothers

loody Hands, he would raifehim thrice as much Gold as Jttabaliba had pro*
To which purpofe he defir'd Sotto and <Baro to put off their Journey to
lis'd
er

ufco

which

tjiey

not daring to do, went on their way, and Guafcar defcend-

Bums

his

Brother Guaf-

car alive.

was burnt alive by Jttabaliba 's Soldiers.

Mean while, Almaro came with frefh Forces to.Tdxamalca. which occafion'd
On the other
o fmall trouble in Ti^arro, who, was onely thirfty after Gold
de, Ahnagro as greedy, grew jealous that <P.i%arro fhould keep the prqmis'd
lall full of Gold for himfelf, and he fliould have.no mare, becaufe Jttabaliba
therefore he earneftly dehVd that Jttabaliba might privately
7as his Prifoner
e made away, and that the Booty might be divided to one as well as the
ig the Valley Sucfuhuana,

ther.

:-

might happen from

Tizarro to prevent all inconveriiencies that

An incredible fum oi Mo-

his diflcnt-

re}'

given to the Soldiers,

gave in the prefence of the King to every private Soldier a thoufand

ig,

)uckets in

Gold

and

fix

thoufand

he inferior Officers received four

ixty

thoufand

five

hundred twenty

Crowns

five Silver

and thirty thoufand Crowns, and the others

the fifth part of the

Booty he

referv'd for the

otwithftanding Jttabaliba performed his promife in

Emperor

filling the

Hall

had the fentence of Death pronounced again!! him

jold, yet he

And

full

of

neither
;

yould his excufe of Innocency ferve, or his Requefh to be fent to Spain, there
o clear himfelf before the

Emperor

but fighing, and lamenting his misfor-

unes, was ty'd to a Pod, and Strangled in the prefence of (pi^arro.

AnaiaU* Wangled.

For whofe

Death, though a Heathen, Divine Vengeance purfu'd thefe cruel and unjuft Ar>itrators that thus

made

'

Death.

a natural

'

Moreover

was obferv'd, that a few days before this Execution a blazing

appear'd, which Jttabaliba feeing, prefaging fadly of himfelf faid, That a

Itar

it

reat Trince would die in a

uft fuffering

ameer

vas

fwrt time

but Ti^arro's chief pretences for the Kings

was, that he had cruelly murder'd

blind, for that that incens'd

mowing where
lot

Law, none of them dying

their Will a

difcover

it

the unvaluable treafure

to

by

Brother Guafcar

But

this

them againft Jttabaliba, was, that he

lay, which Guafcar had bury'd, would

them.

Jttabaliba, before his death, defir'd that he

hito

his

his Father GuaynacaVa

whom

might be bury'd

in the

Territory

the <Peruyians for his great Juftice and

'rudence in Government, believed that he

would

roubled and full of diforder in peace and quiet

arife,

and

fettle the

The Corps was

World

fo

accordingly
carry'd

iiclty

M E%J. C

ICO

manner, attended by

carry'd thither in great State after their

of Ruminagui

whom

tertainment, received with all fhews of forrow

W S

when

but

Brother alive, and made a Taber of his Skin.

P uts Qpitfuiz

thus bloodily folemniz'd

his

in the

iervice

and Wine, he Maflacred and

to excefs, bury'd in fleep

Pizam

Ill

his Brothei

^umlnagui which ran from Attabahbh in the Battel, where he la

Ilkjaus

ambufh when he might have done them good

in

Chap.

A.

way

to his en

they were feafle

King

flea'd Iilefcas the

Funen

Whilfl Attabalibas

General Qui^qui.^ rais'd a great

Arm}

flight.

which (pizarro encountring after a valiant refinance totally routed; the

marching victorioufly to Cufco ? he faw great Fires in the City, and the Citizer
but the Horfe breaking in upo
fent before
righting witli the Spaniards
Thus the Spc
them, moft of them fled the next morning to the Mountains
,

And

takes Cufco.

became Mailers of the City, where they inflicted the moil cruel torture
on all Sexes, by that means to force them to difcover, if they knew of any hie
den Treafures, being not fatisfi'd with what they found there, although the
had gotten a greater Treafkre in Cufco than that that they had extorted froi
Attabaliba before
Nay, they gave thofe that were murther/d for Food to the
niards

Unvaluable

Treafures

taken.

Dogs
had

Among

the xzft,DidacH5 Sala^ar having a very fierce

alfo an old Indian

Woman

ver to the General Tia&rro

was

upon by

fet

in feeing the

whom

'Be^erril,

Dog

the

Woman

ing at her with fo great fiercenefs,

Remarkable paffage of a

had not gone many Paces before

Woman

fell

call'd <Be%erri

he gave a Letter to del

Sala%ar let loofe, that he

poor old

tear the

whom

his Prifoner, to

Dog

fb

might delight himfe

but fhe obferving him come rur

down upon

the Letter, cry'd, Good my Lord, good my Lord Dog

her Knees,and holding fort

Imuft

carry this Letter to

Gem

Curr having more companion than th

Spaniard, flood flill a little , and at lafl lifted up his Leg in a fcornful mannei
Urin'd upon her, and returned fatisfi'd at which fportive behavior of the Cu

whereupon

nz/Pizarro,

the furious

and the Chrone, Sala^ar laughing, was

her
Jlmagre's unhappy Jour'
ney.

After Cufco had been fufficiently Plundered, <Pi%arro

with the Territories belonging to

Town, which

Town.'

gave the

Woma:

life.

thereof,
King's

fo well pleas'd, that he

they called Los ^cyes.

reported, that the Golden

and

affifled

five

hundred Foot

by

foul Weather

Ahnagro

Governo

and built near the River Lima

it,

Mean

while,

Ahnagro received Letter

which he was nominated Marjhal of Pern en

he took a great defign in hand , for the Teruyians ha<

Patent from the Emperor

courag'd by that honor

made

in

Chili

lay to the South

and Ahnagro being encouraged

March'd incpefl thereof with two Troops of Horfe, anc

But mean while there happened fo great Rains , and fuel

Tizarro,
:

that the

Ways were almofl

unpaiTable

fo that the Expeditior

grew very troublefome yet however he went on, in which hard March he lofi
both Horfe and Men.
Whilfl Ahnagro was upon this undertaking, Francifco Ti^arro receiv'd Letters
Patent from the Emperor, in which he was Intitul'd Duke of Tern
but with a
Saho for the honor before given to .Ahnagro yet thefe balanc'd honors bred
great diflention between the Duke and Marflial , which Mango Inga another
of Attabaliba's Brothers obferving laid hold of the opportunity and fetting
U p on tne spaniJJ? Garrifon in Cufco, took the City.
Whereupon fi^arro imme5

Mango

L,ga

t^

cfco.

Command

diately fent his Horfe thither, under the

Gomes

de Todoya

that the Battel

againfl

whom

fuccefs,

the Indians, fought very valiantly,

was a long time doubtful

Victory, and regained Cujco

of Alpbonfo Afoarado, and

hither after

infomuch,

yet at lafl the Spaniards got a bloody

fome time, Ahnagro returning with

ill

having effected nothing, was kept out by Ferdinand Ti^arro, under pretence

Ghap.

Almagro

much

161

open the Gate without Order from

:ence chat he could not

Duke,

M E %J CA

III;.

offended thereat

into the City, that he furpriz'd the

yet faying

Governor

little

his

was

Brother

trifc

fo privately lee

Cbnteft

tWeri

* t# * nA ******

m^

Ferdinand Ti^arro, and his Brother

with Jlphonjo Alvarado Priioners, fwearing that he would not reft before he had rooted all the Tiagrro's out otTeru.
But whilfl he was palling the
intended Sentence of Death upon them , Gonfaho and Jharado broke Prifon
Gonfalvo,

and got

and

(tody,

was

away
in

Duke, who troubled

to the

came to Compbfition
whereupon Ferdinand
But this was no fooner done, and he had got his Brother fafe

danger of

alfo released

for his Brother Ferdinand there in cu-

his life,

Duke regarding nothing lefs than the keeping of the new-made

that the Emperor having given him the prime ComPeace, fent to Almagro
mand over Tern he required him to leave Ctifco or elfe he would force him,
there

but the

That

Almagro fent anfwer,

if

he could

Emperor's Hand, he would imwhereupon both Parties prepared for War,

mediately obey, otherwife not

;

many

wherein they had

coo

weak

fell

iliarp bickerings in a fhort

Dukes

into the

fee the

hands.,

Gaol, and his body afterwards to be

who

him

ordered

drawn

time

But Almagro being

i&^Aai%i<&

t;

to be ftrangled in the

to the Market-place, and there

publickly Beheaded.
Ferdinand Tizyrro being not long after fent to Spain

with the

fifths

of the

gotten Treafure for the

Emperor, was Imprifon'd in the Caftle Motto, for Al~

nagro's Death: But what further happened to him there, or became of hirr^
lath never been Recorded by any Pen.
But young jilmagro, inftigated by his Guardian John ^ada refolvin? " to
>
-/->
r
t
t-^i
:>e revengd
lor his Fathers Death
to that purpofe he went to Los%eyes
,

> i

'

w;^p;**am> never
obtains his liberty,

where by the help of forne hir'd Malecontents, he defign'd to Murder the Duke
jpon St. Johns day, in the Church at high Service But this bufinefs was not

Young Hm** ft &s

tfc

Duke had fome

clofely carry'd, but the

"o

inkling thereof,

who

therefore

tay'dathome, and went not to Mafs that day. The Confpirators doubtng the event, hearing that their Plot was difcover'd, though defeated in their
)urpofe, yet not fail'd in their Courage , ran at noon day to the Palace, cry-ng,

But Ti^ano being fo much forewarned, had

ock'd up the Gates,, and arm'd hinifelf, which when they could not enter, yet
;hey went back through the City, and waving a bloody Sword, cry'd,
Tirana
s

l^ill the

flain

:>ear'd,

Tyrant,

being believ'd, above two hundred private Friends to Almagro apwho all ran to the Palace, crouding about the Gates And Francifco de
:

immediately Stab'd
)ppofition
in the

Traytpr.

this

coming out

lhares

kill the

at a private

Door, hoping

but they ruftiing in the

for feven Halberdiers of his

Dukes prefence

to pacific

way

tr\e

he came

Guard fought

till

Mutineers, was

found fome ftout

they were

all kill'd

but Ti^arro was taken alive, and being brought before

Smagroy he Savagely Butchered him with his own hands
which done, they

ran crying along the Streets, Long I'm the Emperor, and Didacus
t>

but

it

sj-

arter all this, Tizyfro

Almagro.
^

Great
Raughtei in-Zw
,

Party joyning together, valiantly withftood the *&<

Confpirators, fo that a considerable

number were {lain on both fides, yet AlGoods of all thofe that were
one fhew'd him the refpe& of Chief Governor,

magro at laft getting the better, confifcated the

him and now every

till the Emperor fhould either fettle
him, or fend another.
From hence Marching to Cufcb, he had like to have paid
againft

for all, but preven-

by private intelligence thereof; which happened thus,

GaretM Afoarado and Chriftopher Sotello were Joynt- Governors of Cufco
but
quarrelling, and coming to Blows in like manner , Sotello was flain
This
ted

Almagro

102,
Strange Tranfaftions be-

tween Alvarado
and Almagro.

Sotelle

M B%I C

<U

'

..

A,

Chap.

Ill;

Almagro took very hainoully, as being his intimate Friend, giving forth threatwhich Aharado informed of, and intending fome
ning Speeches of Revenge

or other to prevent all Dangers, and fave himfelf, he invited Almagro to a

Feaft, but privately refolving to make it a Bloody Banquet, by his Death at

way

Of

the Table.

this

he being informed, as

and privately fent for

word

fome Soldiers

we mentioned

before, Raid at

that had belonged to

Sotcllo

home,

fendin^

was indifpos'd Aharado, under a fhew of Kindnefs, goes to

Almagro, hoping to perfwade him to come to his prepared Treat
but fo foori
as he was entered the Hall, they clapp'd to the Gate, and the Soldiers falling
upon Afoarado, flew him But foon after Almagro was call'd in cjueftion, and
that he

not long enjoy'd

this his

ufurp'd Authority

for the

Emperor

Charles

fending

the Learned Vacca de Cafiro with full Authority to Teru, to fettle that difturb'd
Kingdom, Almagro now us'd to Govern, had no Ears to become a Subject',

Army

therefore he march'd with an

betweenC

^ and

to

meet

Cafiro y

by whom,

after a

bloody

and P uc to fli S h t, having four thoufand Men, he fell into

the Victors Hands near Cufco, where he was treated very feverely
for fhortly
after he was condemned to be Beheaded
others were ftrangled, and fome
torn in pieces with Horfes.
Fi ht > bein g beaten
g

Cafiro's Cruelty^

Not long
Vela Vice-Roy of Peru.

after this great

Execution,

IBlafco

Numie^

Vela

came

to Tern,

and

being appointed Vice-Roy, had four Councellors aflign'd him, with whom
he was to confult in all Affairs
and efpecially to fet the Indians at liberty,
;

which

then had fuffer'd

till

much mifery under

the Spanijh

Tyranny

To

perform which, the Emperor had given an Order under his Great Seal, which
was to be publiiVd and proclaimed in all Places. Vela at his arrival faithfully
performed

Commands,

upon Vacca de Cafiro, becaufe he had Executed Almagro without any Examination or Tryal
yet by this means he aot
the hatred of all, fo that moft of the Spaniards chofe Gonfaho fi^arro for their
Chief, whereby Affairs grew daily more and more out of Order.
TStytme^
Vela laid all the blame thereof upon. William Xuare^ Governor of Lima, whom
all his

feiz'd

Murders Xuarez.

he fent for

in the

Night, and correcting over-feverely,gave him alfo two mor-

Wounds, of which he prefently died The Body was in the Morning

drawn along the Streets, which caused fo great a murmuring amongft the Inhabitants, that foon after they feem/d to make a general Infurrection
Where-,
tal

fore

Nunne^

Vela fearing the worft, refolv'd to

cognito,

and pafs to

trary

yet he took his

Truxillo

and having made ready

tuous manner
jstakenand

P utin p.i-

all the Silver

fet

But

his

own way,
his

convey himfelf from thence hu

four Councellors advis'd him to the con-

caufing

all his

Horfes to depart, the

Treafure to be fent aboard

Common

People in a tumul-

upon the Palace, catching, fnatching up, and carrying away

they could find, and meeting the Vice-Roy, feiz'd,and thruft

him
Dungeon which done, they fell at variance amonoft themfelves for
lome would have him executed, but others inilfted to have him fent Prifoner
to Spam which la ft being the more moderate,getting the upper
Hand,PW<* was
put aboard, and committed to the cuftody of Vidacm Ahare^who Anchoring in
the Mouth of the River Totnbe^ (kindnefs growing betwixt them) ideas' d the
into a

Vice-Roy

his Prifoner,

and

fet

him

afliore,

who

not long after got fome For.

ces together.

Meanwhile

was every where acknowledge for Supreme Governor,'

who having Intelligence of the Viceroys Defign, fent Francifco CarVayales thither, between whom and Vela was a fharp Encounter
but at laft beincx worfted, and retaken by Cartayaks, he was foon after executed, and
his Head plac'd
on a Pole near the Gallows.
Xhe
<Pi%arro

jsBehudai:

<

The Emperor
ettle

ME

*A

hap.

Qharks turmoil'd with

the confus'd Affairs of fern

il I

Wars

at

103

home, law no likelyhood

yet at la ft he thought

it

to

convenient to fend,

an Ecclefiaftiek, of a fubtile and ingenious Wit, who

anding Anno 1546. in Lima, with no other Title than Chief Councilor to the Em*
perfwading them all, that Affairs
eror, took quite another courfe than Vela,
,ne Peter Gafca thither,

hould be fetled in order, according to their own defires, and former Mifcarof Oblivion.
iages never be remembred, being utterly deleted by an Ad
The News of this General Pardon fpreading it felf far and near, wrought
great change- for <Pi%arW$ Intimates, and thofe n eared of Concern, fhrunk
and that they
againft him
laily from him j which Gafca obferving, march'd
,

Gafia'i murderous Ex*

ploitb.

more hade, they loaded feveral Peruvians, chain d, with their

Vrms, whom when they lagged, they fwitch'd and whipp'd before them. And
lowboth Armies being met, and difcharging their Cannons at one another,
vith confiderable lofs to each fide, whole Regiments came running over to
night

}afca-

make

the

mercy of

fo that fi^arro being quite forfaken, yielded himfelf to the

him of High Treafon, and cans' d him to be

Dungeon, and flx'd his Head on a Marble Pillar in Lima, envi*

he Conqueror,
trangled in a

who

accused

on'd with Iron Rails, and infcrnVd with a brief Account of

all his

Goujalves Pizarre ftrai>

gled.

Offences,

up feveral Commanders,and whipping and

But his greater!
condemn'd them after to the Gallies

*ut Gafca not thus fatisfied, hang'd

tigmatizing others

pight was againft the Fieid-Marfhal Carvayales, a Perfon of the Age of fourcore years, whom tying to a Horfes Tail, he caus'd a whole Hour to be

Irawn up and

down

the Market-place, fcorn'd and derided of

all

People

Cruelty us'd on Qarvay*

ales.

vhichdone, he was quartered alive.

Not long after Gafca furrendred the Command of fern to the Learned (jam
a, and carried an unvaluable Treafure to Germany, for the Emperor Charles,
tfho gave

him

in requital for his faithful Service, the Biflioprick of Valentia.

Sect.

XII.

The Expeditions of John Stade, and Nicholas Durando Villegagnon.

Bout the fame time

over afmall Fort

Countrey of

of which they

Banquets

rais'd

Brifaoka, to Maro, at the

made

They

the

had the

Command

of Stone and Earth, on the Ifland Maro, adjacent

becaufe the Salvage People of Tupin Irnha

to ftraftle,

the

that Gafca arriv'd in Spain John Stade

fail'd

time when the

twice a year from

Vhnt Abbati was

Liquor that they generally drink

alfo landed

at their

on Maro about the Bratti-Vifaitip

ripe,

Humane

This

<Bratti

caught in Nets, or (not by the Tupin

Imba, and carried to their feveral Habitations. Againft thefe People Stade kept

is

Fifli

of a very delicious

tafte, either

Heliodorm Heffe, Son to Eobanw Heffe, the famous

Latin Poet in Germany, came to vifit him. Stade to entertain his Gueft the better, went into the Woods to hunt for Venifon, where he was taken by the Tupin

a continual Guard,

Irnha,

when

of which the King march'd

and carried him towards the Sea

in the

fide,

Rear with

a great

Palm -Tree Club,

that he, with others that waited

on the

But becaufe Stade being a German of a large Body, well-skinn'd, young, plump and
fat, they all concluded to fpare this Dainty, and carry him alive to <Brikwka,
But the Jour*
that with fucha Banquet they might highly carefs their Wives

Shore, might

make up

a l^awewipepicke (that

is,

A Feaft

of Q{ofted Men)

ney being long, and

a juft

St mi Eaten by the C.innibals.

melancholy poffeffinghim with

fear,

and the terror

of

His ftrange Entertain*

meat amonglt them.

io4-

M E%^1 C

A.

Chap.- Ill

of certain death, and to be Food for fuch ravenous Cannibals, Co macerated anc
confurn'd him, that he was almoft dwindled away to Skin and Bone
where
-

upon thinking him thus lean to make but few favory Morfels, thev chang'c
their refolutions, and growing better acquainted , he having learn'd theii
Tongue, and being able to difcourfe with them, they lik'd his company fc
well, that they let him live amongft them. Nine years Stade had been a Slave
among!! thefe Man-eaters, when the French coming thither, bought him for a
few Trifles, and carried him to lS[ormandy, where landing Anno 1555. he wem
from thence to Hamburgh, being his Native Countrey.
Nicholas Durande a Frenchman fet Sail

Durattde'i Expedition,

when

Stade

came

thither.

from HaVre

This Durande having

de Grace, at the

fame time

loft a Caftle in Britain

to the

great prejudice of the French, out of a pretence of advancing their Affairs,and

to fill up their almoft exhaufted Treafury, reported, That the Spanijh and Tortuguefe Forces

were driven out of

where they had gather'd fo mucr

Weakh and it would certainly redound to the Honor and Profit of France,
if they could become Matters of the Gold and Silver Mines.
King Henry the
Second approving of the Propofal, and the more becaufe the Admiral Gasje)
QAigrii was alfo very earneft, looking upon it as a fafe Retreat for the
ProteIndia

ftants, at that

time cruelly perfecuted

and Durande,

of the Admirals
thoughts, privately inform'dhim, That in his American Defign he chiefly aiai'd
to plant a True Church of God in America, where the ProfelTors might
enjo\
:

fenfible

themfelves peaceably.

This Report being fpread amongft thofe that call'd

themfelves Trotefiants, (fled from Switzerland in great numbers to France) made
many of them venture upon the Defign who having fitted themfelves, and
;

fetting fail

with three Ships,

fome time arrived on the Coaft of <Brafde.

and landed on the %ock-lfland, in the Haven Januario
Here Durande built feveral Watch-houfes, and the Fort Coligni, which he fortified with
a confiderable
number of Guns Not long after he writ to John Cabin, That he would pleafe
after

:o furnifli this

new

with good and able Teachers of the

jofpel
which Requeft being immediately taken into ferious consideration by
the ClaiTes, one Philip Corguileray, a Gentleman near Geneva, fet Sail
out of the
Plantation in

Profile

Haven

Diffention in the

new Co-

lony.

with three Ships, freighted with fome Provifions, feveral Perfons of divers Trades, and two Minifters, <Peter Richer, and William Char-tier :
But he had fcarce made Africa, when they began to have a fcarcity of Victuals
Honfleurs,

wherefore they turned

their

Defign of fetling theGolpel in America, toPyracy,

where they made fmall fcruple or

whether Friends or Foes, but

made Prize of all they could light upon, though indeed their Minifters both
preach'dand perfwaded the contrary, amongft whom a Controverfie happening, put other Bufinefs into their
I

rijian Sorhonift,

ed that

was

alfo

difference,

Heads

one John Cointak, formerly a <?J

amongft thofe that removed from Geneva, who pretend-

for

had promis'd him a Minifters place, fo foon as he landed at <Bra*

but Richer and Chartier, not fatisfied that there was any fuch Promife,
file
and
confequently thinking themfelves not obliged by his bare Aflertion, told
him,
Coligni

That themfelves being

under God, to perform the Work, they needed no

fuch Coadjutor
This bred fo great a Rancor between them, that Cointak accused them for teaching falfe Doctrine, and chiefly
that they did not mix the
Wine at their Sacraments with Water, which Father Clemens had ftrictly comable,

WickeJncfs of Cointnli againft the Minifters.

manded.

Durande, being prevailed on by the Cardinal of Lorcm, joyn'd with

Cointak, and thereupon lb fharply perfecuted the
Protefiarits, that he ftarv'd fe-

veral of them,

which others

to efcape fled to the

<Brafilta?ts

Nay, he took John

Du

and

) 'BordclL Matthias Vermeil,

their

tier

M E %J

hap. III.

Hands and

C A.

Teter Bourdon, out

105
drowns three

Religious Men.

'

threw them headlong from a Rock into the Sea

Feet,

dwW*

of their Sick-Beds, and tyr

ioon after which, the bloody Perlecutor returned with ill fuccefs to France ,
vhere he wrote a Book againfl the Reformed Religion-but all the Honor which
ie

gained was, that

all

Parties

on both

fides

Sect.

accounted him a diftracted Perfon.

XIII.

The Expeditions of John Ribald, Renatus Laudonier^

FLorida

who

bein<r

upon

the Continent of America,

and

WGurgie.

fo call'd

by John

(pont&us]

tioru* unhappily aifco-

landed there upon <Pahn*Sunday, though Sebaftian Gaboto a Venetian, irn-

King of England, landed there before, may well be

But Ferdinand Sotto
lerm'd the Europeans Bloody Stage, Tonttem being {lain here
yet at
jxercis'd againft the Inhabitants inhumane Cruelty five years together
ploy'd by Henry the Seventh

laft

Aims having
Mines. However 3
Work anew , but

died of a deep difcontent, becaufe he could not reach his

many

Gold in the
[ince that, Julian Sumanus and Teter Ahumadw undertook the
with the like bad Succefs. Anno 1545: one Lodowick CanceUo,
condemn'd

fo

Floridans fruitlefly to dig for

2.

Co effect

great things with four of his Affociates

Bu*

deftroy'd by the Natives.

G after

Coligni the

Do??iinic an, thought

but landing on

Florida,

was

Marfhal, neither difcourag'd

by thefe miferable Proceedings, nor the former Treachery of Vurande, prepar'd for a

new Expedition

with two Ships from Diep

France , wherewith having

and accordingly John Ribald was fitted

the Charge of Qharles the Ninth King of

thither
,

at

#*/</$ voyage:

fail'd thirty

Degrees Northern

Latitude, he

came before the Promontory of Francifco, where he ran up into the Mouth of
a wide River, to which he gave the denomination of Dolphin, upon whofe
Banks were whole Mulberry-Woods, which nourifh'd Silk- Worms in ftrange
abundance. From hence he fail'd by the Wolves Head (a Point fo call'd, becaufe
great numbers of Wolves breed there) and leaving the Qedardfland, landed on
Florida

where he built

Triangular Fort, and having furaiOi'd

it

with Men,

Guns, and Provifions, fail'd back for more Supplies to France but coming thi*
ther, found all things in diforder, occafion'd by a War amongft themfelves ;
and dwelt in the Fort, waited in vain for Re*
fo that the French which guarded
D
lief, and their Provisions growing fcant, thought it fittefl and their beft way
;

which having effected, and being

gone about the third part of their Voyage there hapned fuch a Calm for twen*
ty Days, that they made not the lead way, which drove them to fo great extremity, their Provifions being fpent, that they drank their own Urine, and fed
upon their old Shoes, which alfo in a fhort time failing, they agreed amongft
themfelves to kill and eat one of their. Sea-men, call'd Henry Lacher, on whofe
but being again driven to the greater!: want ima*
Flefh thev liv'd fome days
to build a VeiTel,

and

from thence

fail

ginable, in this extremity of Defparation, their Condition being altogether

hopelefs, an Englifh Frigat difcovering them, and obferving by their
Sailing that they were in fome great want,
,

drawing near,fent

that they

their

manner of
Long-boat

were not able to handle

their

whereupon generoufly taking pity of them, they relieved them, and

conducted them to the Coaft of England, and then brought them to Queen Eh-

Tack

who had formerly

Mean while, no News

z&beth,

in

**#

great want.

aboard, and found them fo weak

The Garrifon
.

in

defign'd to rig a Fleet for Florida,

having been heard of the foremen tion'd French Plan*

tation

unheard-of Hunger.

io6

MER

I C A.

Cha p

tation in Brafile, and Coligni's Difference with the

King being decided,

pre-

lie

vails fo much,that %enatu$ Laudonier Qiould with three Ships fail to relieve
the,
Garrifon in the late deferted Fort. Laiulomcr lancing in Nova Francia, found

laudonier\ Voyage.

Stone with a French Infcription, plac'd on the Shore by ^ibald^nd hung full
of
Laurel Garlands: Then he vifited the King Saturiona, whofe Son Aureus had f *
e
veral Children by his own Mother, according to a Salvage Cuftom cbferv'd
in
that Countrey. Whilft they ftay'd her,e,a Fiery Meteor appear'd in the
Sky,with
fuch fervor,that fome Rivers boyl'd with the heat of it>and the Fifh parboyl'd
died nay more, it fcorch'd all the Plants far and near
The Natives afcrib'd'
.

Plague to the French Cannons, by which means they flood in great

fear
of the French, who might have done great things had not they
differ 'd

.this

th

SSf*

Kin

amongft themfelves

For a Sea-man nam'd %ubel fatracon, pretending to

have skill in Necromancy, would undertake to (hew the Places where the
Gold
and Silver Mines were, which the reft of the Sea-men believing, rebelled
.

againft Laudonier, and though lick, imprifon'd him, forcing him to

fign a
ting to this effecT:, That the two Ships, of which the Rebels made

WriVaffar and

Commanders, fhould with

Trincant

for Provifions.

his leave

and permittance

fail

Whilft they were preparing for their Voyage,

to

New Spain

%up'iferrir

ha-

ving been fent to the King Utma,czmz back with many rich Prefents,and
withal brought Information of the Gold and Silver
Mynes Jpalati'cahixtVajfar

Trincant taking

no notice thereof,

laden before Havana, whofe

ment of

Ranfon

and

forth, and took a Spanijb Carvel, richly

Commander

they agreed to releafe on the pay-

but the Mafters Son being fent afhore to fetch the

which they had agreed foiyn ftead thereof,made his Fathers
Mifchance

Money
known

a great

fet

whereupon two

great Frigats and a Galley

were the next Morning

very early fent to attaque tht French, between whom was a fharp
Encounter
but in a fliort time the two Pyrats were funk, and the Prifoners fold
;

for Slaves'

excepting a few that efcap'd in their Long-boat.

In this interim Laudonier receiving

no Supply from

was brought to
had carried great part of his Store with them.
In thefe ftraights he was fore'd by thofe that ftaid with him,
contrary to the
Articles of Peace lately made with King Utina, to take him
Prifoner, in hopes
that for his Liberty he would procure them fome
Provifions
but the Inhabitants incens'd at the bafenefs of fo unexpefted
an Aclion , could not be
wrought upon by any means to give them Relief but grown
more perverfe
than before,appointed a general Meeting to eleft another
King fo that out of
alt hopes, they utterly gave themfelves over
for loft. In this defperate condition John Haukins,* great Sea-Captain, came thither with four
Englifl? Ships,who
pitying their mifery, furnifli'd them with Neceffaries,
and having onelyVour
great extremity

France,

for the Rebels

Vcffels, lent

the Sea

them one, becaufe

Laudonier

was

but not long after recovering ftrength, and

%tbald came to an

Anchor

time too weak

at that

before Charles-Fort,

all

to.

endure

things ready to fet Sail,

with feven Ships from Die*

Within few days after, the SfaniJJ? Admiral Teter

Mdande^SLmv'd with eight
Frigats, whereof the French having. Intelligence,
cut their Cables, and
out to Sea,

whom

ftoVd

the Spaniards chae'd, but could not reach

ving them, they landed

in the

Mouth of

whereupon leawhere by help of

of which Ribald having

the River 'Dolphin,

the Moorif? Slaves they began to intrench themfelves

notice , immediately fail'd thither
at leaft to difturb
,
drive them from their Work
But- furpriz'd in
.

the

loft

moft of

his Fleet, ingag'd

among

the

Recks-

way

yet the

if

not abfolutely

b v a great Storm,

Men weremoll

of

them

~m

Chap.
:hem

M E%1 C

III.

In this Storm..the Spaniards alio

ifav'd.

A.

ia j
great

furTer'cl

damage, yet made

Advantage of the Frenchmens Misfortune, marching with all fpeed to Charles*

Fort in which were onely two hundred weak Men, ^bald having taken the
primed: Soldiers along with him. In the Morning before Sun*rife the Spaniards
made a fierce Aflault, and in a fliort time became Mailers of the Place, which
in

laudonier feeing, fled in a

themfelves by
/

fav'd
**'
L

without mercy

Boat

Whoever
fuch was the

fwimmingc

flain

nay

others leaping

fell

from

the Walls into the

Moat,*
into the Vigors Hands, was g cruelty of the ***;
'

.,

itiards agawft the xrtntk,

Spaniards inveterate malice to the

upon the dead,

pulling out their Eyes, and cutting off their Members, carrying them in Triumph on the Points of their Swords. In the interim, the Storm ceafingj flfy*
bald approached Charles *Fort, with his fhatter'd Fleet, but was fo amaz'd whert
ae faw the Spanifh Flag fet upon the Walls, and Vallemond marching towards
French*,

that wanting living Bodies, they eXercis'd their Cruelty

aim with a Squadron of

Spaniards, that

although a River lay between them,

he prefently came to a Treaty, and delivered up all his Men, being above
but the Spaniards in Head of
four hundred, upon pfomife of good Quarter
pet

keeping their Agreement, bound

thetrij

Law

x)th againfl: their Articles, and the

Durnt their Bodies-

but Ribald Being

Poles about the Walls,

fending his

leading them

all to

the Cattle, where,

6f Arms, they mafTacred them, and

they fiYd his

cjuartif'cl,

Head

When

to Sejlk.

Limbs upon
Ninth,

Charles the

of France, receiv'd notice hereof, he was not in the leaft concerned at the
Spanifh Cruelty usM to his Subjects, out of a particular hatred to Coligni, the
ECing

valiant Expjcits
Promoter of the Voyage. But though the French Crown fo little regard- againft
the Spaniards,
J^'the inhumane Ufage committed by the Spaniards in Charleston, yet Vomi*s

firft

ikus Gurgie fhew'd himfelf fo highly concerned thereat, that turning all his
Goods into Money, he levied two hundred Soldiers, and fourfcore Sea*mers,

which he put aboard three fmall Ships, pretending that he would onely touch
but failing beyond Cuba, he flood directly for Florida, where after
it Brafile
his Landing he was kindly receiv'd by Saturiona the King, who complaining
;

much

againft the Spaniards Oppre/Iions, fent to joyn with

Olotocara,

The
rais'd

having the

Command

Kinfman

Spaniardsby this time had not onely flrengthned Charles-Fort, but alfa

two

others

little refiftance

into an

on each

fide

which three Holds lay

Thofe in the new Forts made

of the River Mayo,

in

but quitting the fame, and flying into a neighboring

Ambufcade of

where by the way

who

Indians,

ninety for a Publick Execution.

fort,

his

of a great Army.

Garrifon'd above four hundred choice Soldiers.

fell

him

Thus

Wood,

flew thirty of them, and preferv'd

they marched

fixty Spaniards fallying out,

on

victorioufly to Charles-

were every one cut

off,

The Governor Melande^, feeing

which much facilitated the Frenchmens Work.
but met there by the Flori*
a certain mine attend him, fled into the Woods
dans, returned to the French, of whom he begg'd Life for himfelf, and fome of
;

would hear nothing, but pref*

fing on, took them all Prifoners, and as a jufl Reward of their Cruelty to his
After which Execution, it
Countrey-men, hang'd them on the next Trees
his

People

Yet Gurgie deaf to

all

intreaties,

can fcarce be exprefs'd

how

kindly the Natives entertain'd the French, becaufe

Thus having

they had freed the Countrey from the Spanifh Oppreffions.

ac-

complifh'd his Defign, and returning home, he was nobly receiv'd at %ochel,
but had not the lead Countenance for
dinal of Lorein telling him, That for
he had fitted out three Ships upon h'n

oTw

all his

his

trouble from the King

good Service he ought

to

the

Car-

fujfer death, hecaufe

.Account, without Authority,

E C T.

Is ungrate fully rewaraett'

*A

io8

M E%1 C A
Sect.

iap. II

XIV.

Four Englifli Expeditions, under the Conduct of our Famous Sea^Captains

[artin
Forbifher, Sir Francis Drake, Thomas Candifh, and
John Smith.
fsriifier's Expedition^

^jAptain

Northern Parts of America, Anno i 6* chufin

57
a bad time, the Year being too much fpent, and the Ocean
fo full of Ice
Forbijher failing to the

him to return to England Not many Months after, he renew'.

his Voyage, Queen Elizabeth having rigg'd out, and
fent under his Commam
one Frjgatand two Ketches, Mann'd with a hundred and forty
Men:
that

it

fore'd

Th

twenty

fixth

of May he weigh'd Anchor, and

fail'd to the Orkenies,

lying to th

North of Scotland, where landing, he found the poor Inlanders fled

out of thei
Huts, into Caves and Dens among the Rocks. From thence
he fteer'd North
North-Weft, through abundance of floating Pieces of Timber,
which often
times gave him great flops. The fourth of July he made
Frie^landy where h
met with a great Storm of Hail, mix'd with Snow Before the
Shot? lay
great Ridge of Ice, which hindred for a while their Landing
Here
:

lie fav

Wild People, but could not come to fpeak with them for upon
th.
leaft approach they fled
yet when they faw any advantage, made refiftance
At laft, three of them came unarm' d to the Shore, beckoning Forbijher
to com.
to them
which he had done, had not great numbers of the Natives
appear'c
too foon from an Ambufcade in a Wood, and behind a Hill,
who feeing them.
felves difcover'd, march'd up into the Countrey,
three onely flaying on the
Shore, of whom the middlemoft feigning to be lame, at laft
fell down, whom
feveral

his

Companions took up, and

iUEnglijh obferving their

way, but then forfook, by which

Defign/ (hot that the Sand flew all about
him.
carried a little

whereupon

forgettjng his Lamenefs, he ran as fwifc as a Deer

up a Hill.
Forbtjher's Men had by this time fill'd two Barrels
with a Mineral not unlike

Gold, but was afterwards found to be of

mark

little

did he find here, except great long-hair'd

value.

Nothing

elfe

of Re-

Men, who being exceeding

falvagc, fubtilly plot nothing elfe but to murder,

lurking for Men, like Wild
Beafts for their Prey, whom, when caught, they tear
in pieces.
Clofe fitted
to their Bodies, they wore the Skins of feveral
Wild Beafts, priding in the

Tails which

hung down betwixt

their Legs.

Their Tents are -of conjoyn d

Whalebones, cover'd over with the like Skins, the Entrance
always facing the
South. They ufe Bowes, Arrows, Slings, and two
forts of Boats : In the big-'
geft they can carry feventeen

clinch'd together,

Men, which are made of feveral Wooden Planks

and cafed on both fides with Leather
The fmalleft ones
:

are cover'd juft in the

fame manner, much refembling a Weavers Shuttle,

having in the middle a Hole, wherein a Man fits,
who drawing the Cover of the
Boat about his Wafte by Strings, with one Oar
makes fwift Pafiage.
The Countrey it felf is barren, yet feeds abundance of
Deer,Hares Wolves
Bears, and Dogs like Wolves, whofe Flcfli
fcrves the Inhabitants for Food.
This Countrey feems to be exceedingly troubledwith great Earthquakes,
becaufe feveral pieces of Rocks, and whole
Mountains rent afunder, maybe
1

feen in divers places.

The fourth of Jugufi,

having elevated the Pole to fixty eight De,

Sebaftian Gabot, the firft DifcOverer of thofe Parts,
and fee
out by Henry the Seventh, had done ((or
'Jmerica Northward never before had
geecs,

Forbijher

beyond what

been.

liap.

Mo

M E%J C A

Urn
F

A'

\\

v-

Mum

'"'

'

ft'

-m

ill

op

Ml

'Ij

J;

'

>

'

!'),',

I
1

been fo far penetrated) and laden with a fort of mining Sand, which he hi*liev'd might contain much of a Golden Oar, having with him three of the Natives, Vt^. a

Man,

Woman, and

a Child, fee Sail for England, and the feventh

of September came to M///<W=Haven, and not long

in fhort time the Salvages died.

after arrived in London,

where

At the fame time when Fortifier fail'd Northerly, Sir Francis Drake alfo, fitted
out by Queen Elizabeth, fteer'd another Courfe, failing by Cape <Blanh and Cape
.

Verde^lonv the African Coaft,to &rafde,wheie he caught feveral Sea-Wolves,and

Anchoring in the River La Plata , furnifVd himfelf with Freih Water Then
:

proceeding on his Voyage through the crooked Straights

of Magellan, he came
to an Anchor before Moucha, wafh'd by the South Sea.
The Klanders received

him very courteously, becaufe they were inform'd that the Englifh were at <rreat
Wars with the Spaniards, to avoid whofe Cruelties, they had deferted the main
Continent, and fetled on Moucha. One of thefe Mouchaners going aboard, ferv'd
them for a Pilot to the Haven Valpari^p, where Drake burnt the St.Jago, a fmall
Village, and plundring all the Countrey about it, got together a great
Treafure

Jen

of Gold and Silver.

j

Before Jrica he took three Spanijh Ships, richly laand before Lima, four more, having an unvaluabie Treafure of Pearls

wid Gold aboard them.

Forty

two Degrees; but

the

Thus

inricli'd

he fteer'd his Courfe Northerly to

Cold forcing him

to fall four Degrees to the South*

ward, he difcover'd a very pleafant and inhabited Coaft, the People
whereof
Shew'd him great kindnefs The King himfelf coming aboard with
a great
rrain, fet a Crown of Gold upon Drakes Head, and gave
him a Golden Seep:er, and an Ivory Chain.
After this he infpeded the Man s Tidor,
:

'Ternata,

Uva, Zeilon, and Cape de (Bona Efieran^a,

ige,

lot

from whence, after a three Years Voyhaving encompafs'd the World, he came fafe to London, where he refted
long
for failing Jnno 1585. to America, he took great
Prizes from the Ci-

:ks St. Jago,

Domingo, St. Auguftin, and Carthagena, fetting them all on Fire,

rhus again returning home vi&orioiifiy, and after the famous defeat of the
St.

Spanijh

Sir Francis Drake's

pedition.

Ex-

U M &E%,

HO
Spantfh

Armado

tain Hawkins

and

Co the

-t^ 1I L
C A.

JYL

<zA

he rigg'd out a

new

Chap,

having for

III.

Vice*Admiral CapTheir Defign was to have laird to Panama

but both dying;,
Fleet,

his

Commiflion

and golden Project

ceafing, the expected great

alio

died with them.

Gaxdijkbb Expedition;

Year

Manned with
ting

of thefe famous Navigators, Captain Thomas

after the death

hundred and twenty Men, and Provifions

a lucky

fail in

Straights of Magellan

smhb'tvofage:

and

two Years, fed

Hour, a fecond time encompafs'd the World, palling the

in which Voyage having got above ten times the value

of his Charge, by taking the

Gold

for

Candish

Spanish

Carrack

St. Anna,

valued at twenty

with a Mafs of Treafure, he came

at laft freighted

Tun

of

into the

fafe

River of Thames,
But much worfe fuccefshad Captain John Smith who weighed Anchor Anno
1614. with two Ships, fitted out by feveral Merchants in London, for 'Hem-Eng,

and on the Ifland Monachigga to load Copper, Gold, and other Minerals
that were to be had there, and alfo to fifh for Whales
But there were no fuch

land,

Minerals to be found there, nor any Whales to be taken on the Coaft, becaufe
the time of the Year was paft

However, not long

after,

but with worfe Fortune

home without

for being gotten in fight of Virginia, he

ftroy'd the Plantations in

^ochel,

io that he returned

Succefs.

they undertook the fame Expedition a fecond time,

roufly fet upon, and taken

for the

by

NoVa

who

the French,
Francia,

was treache-

accused him, that he had de-

and unlefs he would make

fatisfaction

Damage, they threatned him with death. He was carried Prifoner to

in a French Ship
but not far from thence furpris'd by a mighty Storm,
;

Smith finding an opportunity, leap'd into the Boat, and driving betwixt the

Waves,

at laft, half dead,

wards, having

loft all,

was thrown upon

an

Englijh

the Ifland of Qleron,

Ship took

in,

whom

and brought to

his

after*

Native

Countrey.

Sect. XV.
Netherland

Mthu'tpoyigc:

CJlve

Expedition by

Jaques Mahu, and Simon de Cordes.

Ships being fitted out at Rotterdam, the

to Jaques

JMahu and Simon

de Cordes ,

Command

who on

Anno 1598. weigh'd Anchor from the Goree and

of them was given

the twenty feventh of June,

on an immenfe Voyage
at laft landing at the Ifland St.Jago, they won a ftrong Caftle there, and took
two Barques ; but at laft Articled with the fortuguefe, that they might undifturb'd fupply themfelves with Frefh Water, yet they, as if they minded no
Agreements, whilft the Dutch were filling their Casks, came down upon them
with two hundred Horfe, each having a Foot-Soldier behind him
but the
y

fail'd

5t

made

them all to flight.

The City of St. Jag$, which gives Denomination to the whole Ifland,is built
long-wife, having a convenient Haven, like a Crefcent
Through the City
Hollanders

fo ftout refiftance, that they put

glides a River,

Mountains

on both

That

ftrong Bulwarks.

fides

of which, beyond the

Town,

arife feveral

high

part which faces the Sea, hath Fortifications, defended with

The

Tortuguefe

had brought

all their

Guns

to bear towards

the Sea, to fink the Holland Ships, which they invited thither under pretence of

kindnefs

but a great Storm hindred the Fleet, that they could not Anchor

at the appointed place

onely two of the Ships

fail'd

pretty near, but not

within Shot.

From

__
r*

hap. Ill-

From hence

M E%_1 C

A.

in

fleering to the Defolate Ifland BraVa, they fa

tuin'd Houfes, the

Door of one

taken away, was found

full

""""^pp

nothing but

five

ftopp'd up with great Stones, which being

of Turkijb Wheat, which prov'd a great kindnefs

to the Sea*men.

Mean

while the Admiral Mahu died, and

his

Body put

into a Cheft

fill'd

up

with Stones, was thrown oTer*board * fo that Simon des Qordes carrying the
for moil: of his
Flag, fteer'd his Courfe to Guinee, there to refrefh himfelf

MaiuHes.

cwhis voyage.

Men

were

fo

weakned by the Scurvey,

that they

were

fcarce able to

hand the

Sails.

Arriving at their intended Port, the Sick were carried afliore

Vice*Admiral

Roy of

<Beuningen 9

and the

being conducted by a French Guide, went to the Vice*

who

on a low Bench, with a Sheeps-skin under his

Feet, in a Violet-colour'd Cloth Suit, without any Linnen, Shirt, Shoes, or
Stockins ; on his Head a Cap made of yellow, red, and blue Eaftern Cloth
his Face whitened with Ames, fliew'd in feveral places its natural blacknefs,apthat Countrey,

fat

pearing through the Colours

Beads

Behind him

their Skins painted

fat his

about his Neck a Collar or Chain of Glafs

Nobles, with Cocks Feathers on their Heads, and

Red.

by the King on a Mat, coniplain'd to him, That the Gttine*

ans fled from him where*ever he came, though in Friendfhip, to barter Europe-*
an Commodities with them, againft Fruits, Poultrey, Sheep, and other Piroviiions
Whereupon the King promised to furnifli him therewith, and invited
tBeuningen to Dinner. After fome flay, the Kings Wives entred the Palace, a
very mean and ill-favour'd Building, more like a great Barn than a Kings
!Bemingen plac'd

Houfe, and plac'd a kind of nafty Trough on the Ground, in which lay no*
thing but fome wild Herbs, and a piece of a fmoak'd Sea-Calf-

he was a Perfon of the largeft

fize,

and corpulent, yet he

mngen, though exceeding hungry, found

wherefore fpreading a Napkin,

his

little rellifh

Ben*

eat fparingly.

in fuch

Attendants brought

and though

kind of Meats

him fome

Bisket

and

Spanifr'

strangeKingm (?*.

ni

<U

M E%I C

A.

Chap.

Ill

SpaniJhWine, whereof after the King had tailed, he lik'd fo well the rellifli
that it rock'd him afleep, whilfl Beumngen walked to the Sea.fide to
refrefh him.
felf; but the Cuimans coming about him, he was forced to
return to the
King, who waking at the noifc, appeared highly incens'd at his People,
anc
took Beuningen into his Houfe
However the Subje&s ,

notwithflandinj:

the Kings

Commands, when

was fent into a neighboring Hut, kepi

Watch about it all Night The next Morning early an old Woman
entred,
muttering to her felf, and went out and in to Beuningen three times
one aftei
another, knocking on a Box not unlike a Pair of Bellows,
out of which flew
abundance of Dufl about Beuningen, which caus'd a great Laughter
Beuningen

amongfl

the Guineans.

Bloody s, very

firange

The King

coming to him, prefented him with two Goats,

and four Hens, and fo condu&ed him back to the Ships.
'Beuningen feeing that there was no good to be done, fet
fail from thence,and
coming before the River La Plata in America, it appear'd Blood-red.
Out of
the Water which was taken up in Buckets , ftarted
a fort of Infers like
Fleas, which caus'd a flrange and fad Diflemper
amongfl the Sca-men," that
when any Meat was offer 'd to them, fo foon as ever they put it to'
tneii
Mouths, they would fall down backwards in a fwoon, foaming and
frothing
at the Mouth, and turning up the White of their
Eyes, die diflraded. Suffering
under

this Difafter,

Straights of Magellan

Bird that preys on

alfo

they haftcd from thence with

all fpeed,

and failing into the

they kill'd above fourteen hundred Tenguyins,

Fifli,

and

lives in

Holes under Ground

which is a
they fomewhat re-

femble aGoofe, onely they ftand more upright, and are

double- crefled, with
two plumy Combs. Coming to an Anchor in the Green-Bay, there arofe a
great
Storm, which continued feveral days, fo that they were fore'd
to moor their

with four Anchors, extremely affli&ed both with Hunger and

Cold,
preferving themfelves alive by eating young Grout, at that
time not above a
Veffels

fpan high from the Ground ; but this courfe Food bred an
incurable Dropiie,
that pofled them on to a fudden death.
Afterwards, when the

Straihts

,/M^uan^

Weather grew
ant > the Inhabitants being Gyants, mofl of them
eleven Foot high,
grew more troublefom, oftentimes affailing them, and throwing Darts
pointed like Harping-Irons, at which they were very expert. Their
Salvage Natures
may appear by their Dealings with the dead Hollanders, cutting off their Heads,
and bruifingthem to pieces, flicking Darts through their Hearts, and

m re P lea

*~

cutting

off their Privities.

At

laft

the Fleet getting into the South Sea, were

rated one

A wild Woman.'

from another

Two

were driven back into the

moil extremity of Hunger
dren,

who

being of a

by

of Weather fepaand the Good Tydings}

ftrefs

Ships, being the Faith,

Straights of Magellan,

where they

fuifcr'd

the utter-

Here they took a wild Woman, and two Chilfallow Complexion, had a great hanging Belly, a wide
:

Mouth, crooked Legs, long Heels, and Breads like Cows

Udders
about her
Neck a String of Snail-fhells, and upon her Back a Beafls Skin,
faflned about
her Neck with the Sinews of it
her Food nought elfe but live Fowls
The
fame Diet the Children fed upon
The youngefl being but fix Months old,
.

had

his

Mouth

full

of Teeth, and ran without any help

The eldefl they carbut having kept the Woman aboard two Nights, they gave
:

ried to Amjlerdam

her feveral Trifles, and

fet

of Summer, four Foot

thick.

her afiiore.

Here they found old

Beuningen lingred in the Straight,

of Magellan

Hunger, Cold, and Storms, return'd"home

-,

Ice in the

and being

middle

tired out

with

and had they not by accident

taken

AMERICA.

Chap. HI.

abundance of Coneys, they had

:aken

iij

Above two Years had

all periflf d.

this

mhappy Voyage lafted, when they arriv'd at their Native Countrey, with
ind thirty Men, being all that remained alive of a hundred and five.

Sect.

XVI.

The Expedition of Oliver van Noord.

TWo Months

Mahu,

after

fix

with four Ships, and two

Oliver ran l>{oord fet fail

hundred forty eight Men, from the Maes, Having reached the Princes
and AnIfland, he loft feven of his Men by the Treachery of the fortuguefe
;horing before the City Janeiro, he was no better entertained by the fame Nati*

Here having a Rencounter, and both Sides receiving confiderable

Lois, he fteer'd for St. Sekaftian, a fruitful Ifland, producing an Herb very
wholefom againft the ScurVey Here the Sea-men found great ftore of Sea3n

Mews, and Parrots, befides feveral forts of delicious Fifti. The approaching
Winter advis'd them from entring the Straights of Magellan fo late wherefore
5

;hey judg'd

it

beft to feek a convenient

frefh themfelves.

mod

convenient for

:ame to

St. Clara,

for

Ifland St. Hellen,

purpofe

this

where taking

Haven they faw

In this

fire.

The

Harbor, to put their Sick

grown with long Hair,

afliore to re-

fruitfulnefs, feerrfd to

its

be the

but a great Storm preventing them, they

in Frefli

Water, they

a kind of Sea-Dogs,

whofe

Lyon, and

feerrfd like a

caft

Anchor

in Torto 'De-

fore-parts being over-

the Feet like

Mens Hands

Porto Dtjiri

aea-i^ogs

over their Eyes and "Upper-lips grew black and white Hair, which in Stormy
Weather ftands flaring upright, but in Calm, lies flat and fmooth they Urine
backwards, deep very foundly, and call their Young every Month : Their
;

well-boyl'd prov'd a favory Difh.

Flefh.

Van Noord going afliore here, faw not a

Man

but only Burying*places on

high Rocks, built of red Stones, and adorn'd both within and without with

Under the Heads of the Dead lay

Bowes, Arrows, and other ftrange things
Curiofity made them
four-fquare Shells, and other things artificially carv'd.
wherefore he rowed dudefirous to make a further fearch into the Countrey
:

ring a whole Tide up a River

and when their Boat ran aground

at the

time of Ebb, he walk'd feveral Leagues up into the Countrey, where he faw
and becaufe he faw no People, he
nothing but Deer, Buffles, and Oftriches
:

judg'd the Coaft to be uninhabited

wife

for the

but returning again, he found

Sea-men, though commanded to ftay

in the Boat,

it

other-

which lay

in

where they were fo fiercely fet uponby

thirty of the Natives, that three of them were kill'd, and another wounded
in the Leg. Thefe People are very ftrong and Salvage, with painted Faces,and
long Hair but after this Encounter, they faw no more of them.
the middle of the River,

went

afliore,

But Van Noord having fpent fourteen Months in fearch, and loft a hundred
Men, fet fail again with three Ships for one of them, being the Unity he
burnt at the Ifland Qara, where he Wintered, becaufe of a great Leak which
could not be ftopp'd.
Here they brought five thoufand Fowls aboard, which
,

much increafed their Stock of Provisions.

From hence pafling the Wide Ocean, into
the Fleet attempted to
crofs
for

Weather into the

the Straights of Magellan ,four times

go into the South-Sea, and was

Straights'^

having got through, and

left

but the

fifth

the Straights

as often driven

back by

time prov'd more fuccefsful & handfom way aftern, they

difcover'd

Strange

Tomt

difcover'd

two

two

through

forfaken

t'aminc

Chap.

II]

from one of which the Sea-men going aland, broush

Iflands,

four Boys and

Fhil'tp-Stndt

M E %^I C A

IL

Girls
;

who

afterward inftructed in their

Tongue

in

form'd them concerning the fcituation of the Countreys thereabout.

After that, the Fleet Sail'd into Hungers Hairen, where they found the ruine
of the deferted Philip-Stadt , which Captain Thomas Candijb had feen fourteei
years before, fortifi'd with four Bulwarks

Churchy and
las

Gibbet were {landing

Key to the

of Magellan,

Straights

three years time, and

no

relief

but

now

Four hundred

But

Spaniards built that City

Provisions being fpent

all their

coming from

onely fome Houfes

ii

and what they Sow'd ex

peeking the hopes of a Harveft, the Salvages coming down by night de

which caused

ftroy'dj

much

dy'd, not fo

fo great a

Famine

Spain

to rage

as putting off their Clothes

amongft them, that

who

mam

lying in the Houfes un

bury'd, occafion'd fuch a ftench in the City, that the remainder fled into th
Field | where they liv'd a whole year by .the Fruits of the Trees, Herbs,
am

Roots

At

laft,

remaining yet

three and twenty of them, amongft which were

alive, refolv'd to travel to the

River La

Plata,

two Womer

and accordingly

forward, but what became of them could never yet be heard, only om
Ferdinando that was of that company, accidentally wandring from the reft
happened to light upon Candip/s Fleet.
fet

Here Van

on Shore the Vice- Admiral Jacob Claefaon llpendam, fo:

fome crimes which he had committed and leaving him behind, Sail'd frorr
thence thorow the South-Sea along the Coaft of Chili and Mocha which Ifland
JS^oord fet

M,cb

what kind of

Ifland.

or a conhderable bignefs,

middle with a forked Mountain

which a convenient River comes flowing down into the Countrey.
rifes in the

frorr

The

Inhabitants conducted the Hollanders to their Village, conflfting oi

about fifty Houfes built of Straw, but were forbid to go into their Huts : Up.

on the Mens call the Women appeared, which being divided into three partics
humbly kneel'd down before them and foon after an old Woman
brought an Earthen Can full of Cica, a Liquor made of Mays whofe extra*
cted Juyce, boyl'd and put into Tubs, ferments like our Beer or Ale,
with a
cap of Barm, with which they treated the Hollanders, who drinking moderately, were well refrefh'd
but the Natives will ply this Liquor, till they make
,

Cr<,

a Grange Ef rink.

themfelves Diffracted, and are

Van Xoerd
*iijh

From

takes a Spa*;

hence Van Noord

fteer'd his courfe to Sanila CMaria,

Ship.

he took a

mad Drunk.

Spanijh Ship, call'd <BuonJefus, that

is,

Good Jefus,

where in his way

and received intelli-

gence from the Prifoners, that the Admiral Shnon de Cordes, with twenty three

Men was

by

on the Promontory LaVapia, being the head

Land or Point oppofite to St. Maries that a year fince, tydings were brought to
Lima of his Fleet
fo that they had made all things ready to withftand him.
But Van Noord hindered by ftrong contrary Winds, not able to reach Sanila Makill'd

the Americans

ria,

flood directly for St. Jago, in whofe

Indians,

Tow'd

Haven lay a great Spanp? Ship full of

which two he let on Fire , and the third he

and two other going in,

towards his Fleet repenting extremely that he had given
;

fet Francifcode

ham Commander

of the <Buon Jefus afhore

liberty,

and

becaufe he after-

wards understood from the Spanip Pilot, that harra threw ten thoufand two
hundred pound weight of Gold, pack'd in fifty two Cafes, over-board, when
he obferv'd that he was like to loofehis Ship.

The Fleet

Sailing forward

came

to an

Anchor before the

Thieves- Ifland, whofe

Inhabitants are very light Finger'd, go ftark naked, and are of great ftrenotk;

they found the

eaten

by the

Women much

French Pox.

Disfigured, their Nofes, Lips, and Cheek-bones

jn

Chap. III.

Bay La *Bay<t,

M E%J C

A.

115

on his top-Maft,
fent one of his Sea=*men in a Fryers garb afliore, if poflible under that difguife,
which falling out according to their Defign, they were fupto get Provifions
ply'd with all manner of Victuals': After that, the Hollanders burnt five Vil*
lages on the Ifland Capull^ took a Qrinefy VefTeljOne Spanish Barque, and a Carvel
Laden with Brandy from Cocos ; and after a great and bloody Fight funk the
Admiral of ihtMamfla/s, and fo at laft with various fortunes arriv'd at %otter*
In the

the 'Dutch Admiral, with a Spanijh Flag

Performs great ti^

dam, having in three years cneompafs'd the World.

Sect. XVI.
The Expedition of George

A
^*

Van

2{no 16 14. the eighth of Angufi, the Eaft*hdia

lands fet

coming

out feven Ships tinder the

Spilbergen<;

Company Of the United

Command

d( George SpUbergen

Keihif,

who

to Cape St. Vincent, and engaging with the Tortuguefe, took one of their

Ships, and fo proceeded 6n his

Voyage

to the Straights of Magellan, but

by a

huge Storm, the Fleet was feparated. Amongft thofe that were fcatter'd was
the, good Ship call'd Meruw
in which fome of the crew had confpir'd to have
kill'd the Mafter, and feiz'd the VcfTel
but he having fome inkling thereof,
,

fet fo ftoutly

fore'd

them

upon two of the

to leap

chief Contrivers with his

drawn Hanger,

overboard, and as ftoutly ordering the

reft,

that he

fet all

to

lights.

But

Spilhergen

Landing

oft

one of the

Tertguyn Iflands,

found two Dead Bo-

with Earth, about their Necks was a Chain of glittering Snail

Shells neatly ftrung
the Grave ftuck full of Bowes and ArroWs, was pleafant
to look upon, between feveral high Mountains, whofe tops lay bury'd in Snow*

dies juft cover'd

The

Fleet

for the

came out of the

South-Sea

much

Straights oMagellan y

difturb'd

but not without great danger,

by tempeftuows Weather

feem'd to raife

its

Waves

Strang e Co: ps.

MER

u6

I C A.

Chap.

Ill

had enough to do, from being insaWj

among the Rocks But at lad with great difficulty ? wonderfully escaping al
danger, they Anchored before La Mocha, an {(land which on the North fide lie;

Waves up

to the Sky, fo that they

:

low, and on the South defended by Rocks.

Splbergen

in great

dan-

abundance of Men itanding on the Shore, Row'd thither tc

Barter for Merchandize, amongft them was a Sheep with a long Neck, bunchBacked like a Camel, a little Mouthy and long Legs ; which Beaft ferves.them
Spilbergen feeing

Strange fhecp.

and perform their Tillage. The

Americans breed up thefe Sheep every where, by reafon of the extraordinary be=
nefit they receive from them, fome of them keeping no lefs than eighteen hunin (lead of Horfes, to carry their burthens,

dred. Their Shepherds ride

upon

Bead almoft

hands Copperplates, hung round about with Bells

king a different noife

wear Feathers
St.

Maries burnt.

And

alio Va!,Pa>yfa

From

when

their

Sheep (hall go

an Ox, and carry in

like

in

theii

which they fhake, maor out

and on their Heads
,

like Coronets, {landing upright.

thence, Spilbergeon departing,

where he burnt

Landed

at laft

on the Ifland of

Mary

St.

he did alfo in Val Taryfa.

5
After going afliore, in the Haven QumterO, he faw abundance of Wild Horfes
drinking out of a Rivulet, fupply'd with frefli Water from an adjoyning fteep
all

the Spanish Villages

as

Mountain
fo foon as they efpy'd Men
they inftantly running away, were
feen no more.
Having left Quint er o , and fpent a Moneth in Sailing farther, they dif

cry'd eight great Ships

whereupon

the Prifoners inform'd them, that

it

was

the Spanish Fleet, of which %oderigo de Mendo%a

was Admiral, fitted out on purpofe to fight Spilbergen

whofe coming (as we faidj was known a year before.
At midnight Mmdoza Boarded Spilbergen , but was fo roughly receiv'd, that he
was fore'd to Retreat with the lofs of the Ship St; Francifco. At Day-break, the
Holland Admiral fiYd at Mendo^a
who anfwering with equal courage occafion'd a fmart Engagement
wherein the "Spaniards were fo hard befet
that
they put forth a White Flag
but it was immediately taken in again by the
,

S^^Jj

Holland)

lleet

Commanders

aboard, choofing rather to die, than furrender, becaufe they

had mock'd at Maido^a, when he hinted the difficulty of the Enterprize in the

Grand

Teruyian Councel, faying;, They "Went out,

landers,

Cftfyow de

Lima,

and tying them hand and feet, carry them

onely to take a fern difahled

to

Execution.

Yet

Hol-

their high

and

proud Stomachs proved very fatal to them, for afterwards totally routed and
put to flighty moil of them funk by the way.
This done, the Hollanders vi&orioufly Sail'd to Calyolt> de Lima, having a convenient

Haven

The City

adorn'd with curious Houfes and Temples

flrengthen'd by a Platform, Planted with great

Guns towards-the Sea

Shore was guarded by eight Troops of Horfe, and four thoufand Foot

where-

Spilbergen

who was

yet to go fo great a Voyage, judg'd

it

is

and the

upon

no way con-

venient to adventure the lofs of all on the good or bad event of a Battel, espe-

much over-power'd by

cially

being fo

feeing

no hopes of Victory,

fetting

the

number of the Enemy

forward to Guarma, he got fome

Wherefore
Pro-

frefli

vifions.
ty\n buret.

Againft the City $eytaj&t p'lay'd his

men

deferted the place,

Cannon with

which he obferving,

fet it

on

fuch fury, that the

fire,

and

Towns-

Sail'd to AquapuU

where from the Fort at firft the Spaniards fired fome Guns at them
but
foon after changing humor, they came to an Accommodation, furnifliing the
que,

Hollanders

with convenient Provifions. Faffing on, and coming to

Selaques,

Natives 2nd Spaniards having fuffer'd fome of the Hollanders to Land

both
after
fee-

Chap.

<tl

III.

upon them treacheroufly

they made fo good a Defence,

in a Thicket,

fet

fled

with great

miral Juan de Sifaaj

came

to an

u7

but to their

advantage, for

little

that the Affailants not able to bear the brunt,

from hence

who

but feeing

1 t A.

lofs.

Spilbergen Sailing

long fince

ME K

it

to the Manilla's, waited there for the Spanifh

had made

was

(as

was reported)

great preparations for

at laft he return 'd to Zealand

in vain,

Anchor, loaden with Riches,

in the

Ad-

him

where he

middle of Summer, Anno

1617.

Sect. XVII.
The Expedition of William Cornelifzon Schouten, and Jacob

SOme

Merchants that were

Ship with fixty

the

Command

thereof to the Captains Schouten and Le Maire

the

giving

Anno 1615 they

took a view of one of the three

firffc

Mabrabomma, lying before Cape

out one

fitted

and a Ketch with two and twenty Sea-men

live,

Weish'd Anchor from the Texel

[(lands, call'd

Company

call'd the Auftrian

Le Maire.

This

Sierra Leona.

Ifland appear-

Mabrabotntwtifihax manner of Ifle.

was not inhabited, they feeing onely three

Wild BuflJes, many Wild Cats, Birds which bark'd like Dogs, Wild Palmrrees
Lemon-Trees, Turtles, Crocodiles, Partridges, and Storks From
lence, pafling by the dangerous Shelf Jbrolbos^ they ran into Porto Defire, where
>n the Rocks they found abundance of Eggs,and Spieririgs,or Smelts,and Spire*
ing a great height out of the Sea,

Inches long, wherefore they call'd that Inlet Spiering$-<Bay.

rrafs fixten

Their

two SeaLions and one hundred and fifty Penguins from

in the interim, the
he Tenguin Ifles, having Sail'd two Leagues up the River
and their Anchors coming home, the great Ship
ground being meer Stone
and at Ebbing Water broke off the outermoft Planks
Irove againft a Rock
,nd Iron-Work, and the Ketch alfo Unking on a high Shelf, was at low Ebb
wo Fathom with her Keel above the Water, and had without peradventure
>loop alfo brought

****> great danger^

North-Weft Wind kept her upright, yet

.t laft,the Weather growing calm,(he lean d,but the Tide coming in very fall,
then fetting Sail again to
ether afloat, fo that (lie was miraculoufly fav'd
>een overfet,

and

bilg'd, but a frefli

Qng's'IJland, they found fo

many Eggs of

ng from his place, might reach above

which they

hree Eggs,
ioutherly
>ut

down

fifty

with exceeding long Necks.

Nells, and in each of

Their Boat Rowing

fome Oftriches, and

Beafts not unlike Stags,

On

Ship had gotten a

>eing firm

truck

new Sheathing

here

Horn

in a fliort time

in her

without any hollownefs,

Bow,

confum'd

feven Foot under

and not unlike

thorow two Allien and one Oaken Plank,

it

The

this

Horn

to Afhes

Water

a great Elephants

flicking in a

Greatest

the Ketch,

they were Tallowing, the Flame accidentally got between the CrevilTes

vhich immediately taking Fire

many Eggs,"

the Hills lay Stones heap'd one uponano-

hey fpent their time in cleanfing their Ships, and

>ut as

Incredible

at leaft

which removing, they found Dead Bodies of eleven Foot long

her,

;reat

them

ftir-

by thoufands.

carry'd aboard

the River, found

black Mews, that one without

Kmh

burnt.

strange Horn^

Tooth,

Rib of the

like

J^ood, and yet above half a Foot remained out to be feen.

At length
nd

fifty

Schouten

Weighing Anchor from

forto Defire

and Sailing to four

Degrees Southern Latitude, met whole Shoals of W'hales, infomuch,

Tacqueto and again to fhun them. Sea-Pies, bigger than

wans, came flying in great numbers aboard
fuffering themfelyes to betaken
hat he

was

fain to

with

Great Mews*

AM E %I C

1x8

On

with the hand.

ins

Ill,

the North-fide they fpy'd a high and fcraggy Coaft fpread-

South-Eaft, which they call'd, The States Qountny, that

felf to the Eaft

it

Chap.

A.

which lay to the Weflward of it Maurice of 2{ajfau the [(lands in fifty fcvcn
Degrees (BarwVield's Ifles, and the (harp Point in which lay the Snowy Moun,

tains

Southward of the

Schoutenh&d

now

Magellan Straights end, the Cape otHoorn.

gotten the height of

the South-Sea, through the

Straights Le

Make.

Iflesin the South-Sea.'

trey,

which was

call'd

from

new

when he

nine Degrees,

fifty

enter'd

paflage between Mauritius and the States*Com-

his Partner, The Straights of he

Main.

Juan Fernando, they found great (lore of Fifh, after thai

they view'd thefe Iflands, that lay fcatter'd up and down the South- Sea, eact
of them they nam'd according to their feveral occafions, calling the firfl , Th

Near

Ille

the

of Dogs

two

Ifles

Dogs
Sea was

becaufe they have abundance of

Another, The

Bottomlefs I/land

becaufe the

The

could not come to an Anchor.

Inhabitants

there that could not bark

fo deep

who

about

it,

that the}

go naked, with

thei;

Skins pounced full of flrange fhapes, of blue Snakes, Dragons, and fuch liki
Creatures, Salli'd out of the Woods upon the Hollanders with great Clubs, t<

which was

faflen'd the

Sword or Snout of

a Sword*Fifii

and alfo witl

ci-

Slings.

Somewhat

Strange entertainment at
the

further they

came

to

Water*Land

and

FlyesTfland

the

firfl

fi

nam'd, becaufe the Shore round about was planted with Trees , but in th
middle all lay cover'd with Salt- Water 5 the other from the Byes, which wit]
incredible numbers troubled the Sea*men four days together.
Moreover, the Reception or Entertainment which Schouten was welcome

Horn Iflanis.

withal, at the Hoomdjlands, being very remarkable,

Fathom Water, Shelly ground, before a frefh Rivulet

Hollanders Tent to the King were by him courteoufly entertained, wh<

Anchoring
three

we will in brief relate

in nine

with flrange humility, not bow'd, but

and put the

Hollanders Feet

upon

on, waited upon them aboard

his

on the ground
manner of Salutati

ki/fing their Feet fell flat

Neck

and

Yet although

after this

this

King fawn'd

fo

much, am

feem'd fo humble, yet he was very fevere over his Subje&s, for finding
that had filch'd a

Sword, he not onely brought and

reflor'd

it,

om

but immediate

ly Executed the Thief before their Faces.

much honor'd

Le Main and Arias Claefzpon were

here, for the old

and younj

Crowns on their Heads , curiouily Wrought of fine White Fea

they gave alf<
thers, and the end adorn'd with fmall Red and Green Feathers
to each of them a Pigeon, White to their Wings, the hinder part Black, anc

King put

their

under their Bellies Red.

In the interim, the King otWaterTfland vifited the other, by

was

treated

but at

iafl

When they met,

they

made

fliew'd their Salvagenefs

before the Hollanders.

flrange fliews of

by eating raw Fifh

Honor

to each other

and rudely Dancing

Le Main going into the Countrey

whom Le Mam

and climbing up

high Mountain, faw nothing but Morafs Wilds, and Vallies, lying undei

The King and his Retinue here kept him company, during his flay
when weary with walking, they fate down together under Coco-Nut-

Water

there,

Trees

the

young King tying

a String

about

dexterity up a high Tree, bringing feveral

his

Leg^ climb'd with exceeding

Coco-Nuts down with him, which

he open'd very expeditioufly.

Arias Claefaon,

Plowing

zht, found the King

hore one night,

fitting

under

Roof reftins on four Pillars where feveral Naked Women Danc'd before
him according to their Mufick, which was Taboring upon a hollow Piece oi
Wood,
,

-*

Chap.

Ill

M E 3^1 C

A.

119

WooA, which yielded a murmuring found without any diftinct Tune.

But the two Kings meeting again, the next day Complemented one ano*
her with more antick and ridiculous Poftures , fitting fide by fide under the
loof, imploring their God, with their Hands Folded, and their Heads bow'd
o the ground : At this interview > four Holland Trumpeters and Drummers
tood playing before the King, to the great admiration and amazement of the
(landers, which were near ten thoufand gathered together upon the News of

he ftrangers to attend the two Kings. Soon

after a great

company of Rufticks

:ame running thither, which had a green Herb call'd Cava, ty'd about their
jiiddle ; on a fudden they began all to chaw this Cava, throwing that which

&**aftrsmgeLi<pof:

had chaw'd into a large Woodden Trough, then putting Water to it, they
Cneaded it together ; which done, brought the Liquor on their Heads to the
:wo Kings , before whom they kneel'd when they gave them any
Yet not:hey

ivithflanding they receiv'd fuch

relpects to the Hollanders, for

:hey

firft

md

bowing

laid

on

their

Heads

honor from

their Subjects, they

fhew'd

fervile

every King prefented them with a Pig, which

then kneeling, put

it

down

at

Le cMaires Feet,

Heads to the ground, rofe again. They wear their Hair

long, which Brayded, hung on the left fide of their Heads down to their Hips,
cy'd at the end with two Knots
but the Nobility had two fuch Locks: All
of them went naked, their Privities onely cover'd. The fmalleft of the Men
their

exceeded the biggeft of the Hollanders in tallnefs.

hanging like Satchels

(lituted

down

themfelves to any

was

The Women had

longBreafts

to their Bellies,and fo unfhamefacM,thattheyproin fight of all

Men

and

flill

at

low Water ,

their

which they greedily eat raw.

After all this Entertainment, Weighing from hence, Schouten Sail'd along
the Coafl of TS^e^-Guiny, where three Boats full of Negro's came Rowing to*
wards them
Slinging very fiercely Stones at them, and hovering about,
ittended their motion all night.
Next morning feven Boats more coming to
bufinefs

impudent women;

to catch Fifh,

>

:heir afSflance,

they

fet

upon

the' Hollanders

but foon

fled

from

their Bullets ;

yet

smngewidmen:,

j2-o

AMERICA.
yet

two of the

were taken, that

Negro's

further, feveral Boats

Chap;

in each Noftril

wore

came aboard of them, whereof thofe

Ring.

Sailiri

Row'd,

breal

that

ing their Affagays or Launces over their Heads, entered the Ship
Defornfd people.

II

the Hair

<

Heads and Beards bedawb'd with Lime, flew about, whilft they Dane
on the Deejay aftei they had eaten a good Meal
But they endeavor'd to r
ward this their kind Entertainment with Treachery for goincr afliore the
foon after return'd in greater numbers, and fat upon the Anchors which la
over the Bows of the Ship, and there being a great calm, endeavor'd to Tow
their

the Ship towards the Shore, whilft others

threw Stones and Arrows. But

foon as the Hollanders firing their Guns Wounded feveral of them, they a
fled , except fome which they took Prifoners, whereof one whom they afte
wards eall'd Mofes, did them great fervice.
But Le JMairewas amaz'd

faw

at

when on

nothing more, than

the next Coaft

Houfes built about nine Foot high , out of which many Pec
pie IfTu'd, which were all deform'd , either having Wry Nofes, Bow Leg
Squint Eyes, or crooked Backs, and all in one part or another mif-fliapen.
feveral little

At

Anchoring before Jacatra, the Ship was ftopt there by order of ej

Company, and the Men divided and put aboard thofe Ships th;

laft,

Eaft'India

horn India to Holland,md arrived in fafety at

about the World, in two years and eighteen days.
Sail'd

s e

ct.

Flujbing, after they

had

Sail'

xvim.

',
;

Voyage of the NaiTavian Fleet, under the

Command of Jaques L' Heremite^

and Geen Huigo Schapenham.

Remarkable Exploits of
1'> Hermite.

THe

United Netherlands, to abate the Spanifl) Greatnefs, fet out a confidera

which they fent to try their fortune, in making Prize of wha

ever they could light upon in any of their Havens wafli'd by the South
ble Fleet,

Sea.

Jaques

Hermite had ten Ships under his

Command, Mann'd

with

iixteei

hundred thirty feven Men, and two hundred ninety four Brafs and Iron Guns
with which he fet Sail from Gone, Anno 1623. and coming before Cape Vincent
he difcover'd eleven TurKifh Pirates,
Holland Ships they had

At

<3{oxents

Head,

made Prize

whom

fighting, he beat,

and retook

the

of.

V Hermite give chafe to fifteen Spanifh Ships,

and coming
up with them, funk eleven, and took four laden with Sugar. Afterwards An
choring at Safid, he fent the Ship Over-yjfel, and a Frigat call'd the Gray-Hound,
to

Convoy home

the Prizes
;

afterward being informed, that thirty Spanifh

Ships were making to them, Sailing into the

ter that

of the

Haven

St. Vincent, the

Spring

Wa-

empty Cask with being brakkifh, caus'd an excoriation

Guts, which brought the Bloody-Flux, whereby he loft many of -his
hefupply'd

his,

Sea-men- being well entertained by the Salvages of Antonio, they went on to

Sierra Lcona, a Mountainous Point full of Lime-Trees, here they found the

Names of Sr.
After that

Francis Drake,
lie

put in

and other

Rock.

Ehglijh cut in a

at the fruitful Ifland

Annahon

where he caus'd

his

Chi-

rurgeon to be Beheaded.
tyigtr a

wicked mar*

This wicked

Man

being brought to the Torture

would

confefs nothing

concerning the Crimes objected againft him, but being ftrip'd for Execution,
they found a fmall Bag hanging on his Bread, in which lay a Serpents Skin

and

-^

Chap.

*J

III.

M E^I

C A.

n\

and Tongue, with which he had Poyfon'd feveral Men, but he confefs'd nothing.

The

of February, the Fleet came to Cape

which they know at a

its high Mountains covered with Snow.
great diftance,
In fhort time after, Sailing by the Mouth of the Straights of La Make, they
fir ft

de Pernios

by

met with very tempeftuous Weather, and feventeen of their Men going afhore,
were devoured by the Cannibals of Terra del Fuogo. Thefe People being all Whites,
and of a large Stature, Paint themfelves Red, and go ftark naked, except fome
of higheft quality who tie a Deer Skin about their Necks and the Women co5
ver their Nakednefs with a piece. of Leather
They live in Bowers made of
:

the Branches of Trees, Stak'd three Foot deep, in a round at bottom, and above
7

Canopy d,
and have no

like our Tents,

Chimney

the top of which open, to carry out the

other Houfhold-ftuff than

fome

Smoke

Baskets, in

like

which

They go continuallyArm'd with Clubs,

Their Boats being only the Trunk of a

they lay their few Fifliing Implements.

Arrows, Slings, and Stone=Knives

Tree made hollow,
teen,

and fome

Pinnace with

rife

fixteen

many

to be Beafts than

up before and behind

Half-Moon,, and are fourFoot long, and two broad, and Row fwifter than a

Oars.

like a

Laftly, they are fo Salvage, that they feem rather

Men, knowing no Religion,

ill

Natur'd, cruel and Trea-

cherous.

From

V Hermite refrefh'd at the defolate

hence, pafling on,

fo Steer'd his

Courfe to

him

the Prifoners told

Calla de

Ifle

Fernando,

and

Lima, on whofe Coaft, taking a Spanifh VefTel,

that their Plat^Fleet

had Weighed Anchor, and were

gone to Panama

only the Admiral which carry'd forty Brafs Guns, with fifty
Merchant-Men, lay clofe under the Shore, Guarded by three Stone Bulwarks,
Fortifi'd with fifty Guns.
}

V Hermite having
going thither, and
dert

a defign

upon

thefe,

took three

Spanifh VefTels that

were

midnight, fent Captain Jdrian Tol, Peter Slobbe, and Mem*

Fgbertfzpn, with twelve well Mann'd Boats, furnifh'd with Brafs Drakes,
at

and Hand-Granado's, to Attaque the

fome gave

Alarm on

that lay hard

Spanijl? Fleet

by

and whilft

North of Callao, the Boats Rowing from Ship

to Ship, in fhort time fiYd forty of them
although the Spaniards from the
Shore endeavor'd by their Shot to drive back the Enemy neither the Fort or
Admiral fparing Powder nor Ball.
a falfe

the

In this valiant Exploit the Hollanders had onely feven

Wounded

Men

kill'd,

and

fifteen

About break of day, feven of the Spanijb Ships floated, burning towards the Dutch Fleet, which were as terrible as now Fire*fhips, which forc'd
them to Weigh Anchor to fliun them.
:

After that, U. Hermite took

and a fourth with Wheat

Fire-fliip, and fending her
in (hot of

from

the

him

two Ships laden with Wine, a third full of Wood,

One of thefe Prizes he fitted and prepared for a

to

Board the

Spanijb

Admiral,

it

ran aground with-

whereupon being bartered by the Admirals Guns, and thofe

Bulwarks, and at laft taking Fire gave but a fmall blow, becaufc
;

moft part of the Powder had taken Wet.

In this interim, while thus their defign went profperoufly on, their Admiral
Heremite dy'd, whom they Bury'd on the Ifland Lima, and Schapenham, in de-

fiance

of the Vice.Roy

at the

Yard.Arm, becaufe he had

in Callao, caus'd

fent

one and twenty Spaniards to be hang d

him

a fcornful

Anfwer on

the Propofals

concerning the delivery of the Prifoners.

Cornelius Jacobfeon Sailing to Pifco

with four Sail from the Fleet, could do

.

>.

no

\IZ

M E 5^1 C

Chap.

A.

III.

found the City to be furrounded with a Wall

Redoubts, behind which
of fifteen Foot high, but having alfo many Earthen
he deferred the fame after fome
lay above two thoufand arm'd Men, wherefore

no aood

Ytrjhoor's

Expl

for he not onely

there,

Rancounters " But the Rear-Admiral, John Wtlliamf^GonVerpoor, who was fent
for he not onely took that Metropolis, but
to Gainqml, had much better luck
carry 'd a concmer'd
alfo burnt a new Royal Oallion, and two IciTer VelTels ;
flew above a hundred Spaniards, and threw feventeen overVellel to Lima
;

mot Poyfon

board, becaufe they had

d Bullets againft the

Law

of Arms

of

But the Seawhich Conqueft Captain Engelhert Shutte had the greateft honor
men grew weaker and weaker by the Scurvy, and all of them would have peof Lima.
rilled, had they not found a foveraign Herb on the higheft Mountains
Schapenbam being chofe Admiral in L Heremites place, Weigh'd Anchor from Cal:

Sclhipenhe.irii

remarkable

Exploits.

lao,

and ran into the

Inlet

<P*/c^om,where on the fhore he

not long after departed from thence without any

Men, through

the bad

loft alfo at Jquapulque,

effect

rais'd a

Sconce

but

twenty eight

loft

yet

Conduct of their Commanders the like number he

on the fide of which City ftands a Caftle with four
.

the Holland Fire-fhip lay juft without the reach of the fhot,
the reft lay along the more in a row, there to feize upon the VelTels expected
thither from the Manillaes : But becaufe the Scurvy raged amongft the Sea-men,

ftrong Bulwarks

and difabled them, they waited in vain, Schapenbam Sail'd through the SouthSea to the Ladrones, where he found ftore of Provifions. Jnno 1 625. in March,
he drop'd Anchor before Maleye, and from thence went with Herman Spiuk,thc
Governor for the Eaft-lndia Company in Amboina, to Qetam, where they Con.
quer'd the Fort Lochoe, and foon after QambeUa
Schapenbam carry'd
at feveral times,
Schaptnham

dies.'

home two

Ships from BataVia, and the remainder returned

they being hir'd to ferve the Eafl'hidia

Malacca, Coromandel, and the Molucco

and being Bury'd on fulo

1

then the Fleet being divided,

;

Ifles

Company

to Surratta,

Schapenbam Deceafing near Bantam,

Boftok, the Ships arriv'd at the Texel in July,

Jnno

616.

Henry Brewer

Una 1^43. Brewer

fet Sail

bis

Voyage.

with four Ships from

%ecijfo,

and ran

clofe along

Rocky, that he durft not put in to-the

from which flew great abundance of Party-colour'd Ducks, with fharp

the States-IJle, fo dangerous and

Land

about the Ships, and under the Keels fwam alfo Whales.
On the Weft fide of the Straights Le Maire, Brown ran into

Bills,

Valentine's Inlet,

where he was much troubled by the Winds which came whiftling through the
The fliore afforded red and
hollow Mountains with great and fudden gufts
black Strawberries, CarViUe and Mufcles, to the great refreshment of the Seamen, who daily faw SeaLions, but could not come to fhootone of them, for
:

Sea Lions.

no fooner they perceiv'd any body, but they Diving under Water, fwam away
and though they faw Mens Foot- fteps of eighteen Inches long, yet they never
found any Men. Thence Sailing into the South-Sea, along the Coaft of Chili,
they enter'd a Bay which they nam'd Brewer' s-HaVen- where Landing, they
walk'd towards a great Smoke which they faw afar off, but -coming near it,
found only two Houfes within a large Plain, full of Sheep, Oxen, and Hor;

Brewers Haven."

Remarkable Exploits.

fes

before the Houfes ftood

Woodden

CrolTes.

Pink and a great Boat being lent to the Inlet, lay the following
from whence, in the Night, two
Nigh: at an Anchor near a high Mountain
with
great Guns were fir'd, whereupon, Lieutenant William T-er Bergen Landed

The

Dolphin

fixteen

-^

^fflp^^W

n.

and climbing up the Mountain, found a Village behind

;he fame, where all things were in Alarm, Drums beating, Trumpets foundthe Villagers fuddenly firing their Guns on Ter Bergen, who
ing, Bells ringing

(ixteen

Mufqueteers

Hr

Btrgtns Exploit,

Men, Encounter'd

being fupply'd with thirty four

the

he fled into the Woods, not without the lofs of

:hat

Enemy

Men and

fo Valiantly,

Horfes

The

Night lay onely on a Redoubt Ter Beryen perfuing this Victory, March'd into the Woods, and (hot the Spanijb Commander Andreas Mums Iferreraftom his Horfe, got great flore of Treafure which
lay hid under the Tree, being brought out of Carelmappa, which Village he fet
afire, and kill'd all the Horfes , and Weigh'd Anchor with the Admiral (Brewer
Guns with which they had

fliot in

the

where not being able to Land, bccaufe of the many obfcure Rocks and Shoals, they fet Sail to Cajlro, which they conquer'd and burnt
This City fituate on a Mountain is ftately built
without the leaft refiftance
:o Michael de Cabuco,

opacity.

among Flowry Meadows,

before

delightful Orchards, and brave Fountains

flows daily fourteen Foot.

it

fome Houfes

afire

(Brewer alfo

the Sea

burnt a Spanijb Ship, and

took three Spaniards Prifoners on Las Bahias,

who

Stream

chitt.

fet

informed

was never known

by any to pafs over fo mildly, ill Weather generally ufing to blow down
that there was much Gold in Oforno
Houfes, Trees, and rend Rocks afunder
which laftthey had fome years fince deferted for hunger, but it
and Baldma
was fince Garrifon'd by three hundred Caflilians, that none could get at the Fort
Conception (which lay a League Wefterly from thence) but in afmall Boat, that
there were on the place near two thoufand Inhabitants. Moreover, an ancient
him, that the Winter Seafon was almoft over, but that

it

Tirana, from Quintian r one of the Ifles in the Chilean In*

Land-Sea, being fetched from thence, gave information, that forty years fince,

Matron

call'd LoVyfa

and
in fo good a condition, that an ordinary Planter had at lead three hundred
Slaves, of which, every one was to procure a certain quantity of Gold that the
before the Indians took

up Arms,

were quietly

the Spaniards

fetled in Oforno,

Ifles Qj'tloVes
(Jhilefes

were divided into above a hundred Colonies or Plantations,

ferving the

Caftilians

sls

their true

thofe that do

Governors

good

the

Service,

King of the Colony makes them Commanders and that the Chinefes had
Rebell'd in feveral places. (Brewer on the Qnlejes requeft took fome of them,
with their Wives and Children into his Ship, furnifli'd with Arms, he digg'd
the

a Cheft of Silver and a Brafs

Gun

out of the Earth

and foon

after

being

fick,

Herkmans profecuting thofe Publick Affairs , fent

the Pilot of the Unity out of Brewer's Haven, and fome Sea-men, with two Chibut being furpriz'd by a violent Storm,
lean Cafiaues with a Boat to Carelmappa
dy'd.

His Succeffor

Mnwer dies.*

Elias

strange accident;

flood in for HorfeIfland, where he and the Cafiaues Landing, he order'd [cwea

Harbor but being driven from the fliore

by flrong Winds, it took in fo much Water as fill'd and funk it, fo that all of
them were drown'd. Horfe-lfland being deftitute of Provifions and Lodgings,
thofe that were Landed expected nothing but Death, till they found out afmall
Hut, and in the fame fix brave Sheep, and a good quantity of Potatoe RootSj
which ferv'd for Bread But when this their new-found Store was almoft fpent*
they happily were fetch'd off by the Boat belonging to the Ship Jmfterdam, and

Sea-men

to carry the

Boat to a

fafer

with the whole Fleet came to an Anchor before

the

Caftilians,

confirmed formerly of five

hundred and

divided into Streets and crofs Ways, with

This City built by ^/*>a bratecitf.

fair Houfes, and was

BaldiVia.

two

fifty

large Markets,

and

as

many

coftly Churches.

The

Chilefes

unfufferably opprefs'd,

ikw

all

the Spanijb Garrifon, and into

Eng

1Z
the Governor's

Mouth and

Ears pour'd melted Gold

of his Skull they made a

after this, the City fell al-

Drinking-cup, and of his Shin-bones, Trumpets

rnofi to decay, onely a great part of the Wall remain'd yet (landing
;

The

Chi,

hereupon ftock'd hither by thoufands, fome on Horfes, others on Foot, all

Arm'd with Lances of a Foot long Herkman hereupon informing them by an
Interpreter, that they being mortal Enemies of the Spaniards, would joyn with
leans

common

and dehYd, that they might build a Fort

on the Market-place in \Baldivia, for a defence againft all Invafions, and that
they might be iupply'd with Provisions which the Fleet wanted } all which the
Chileans granted, and accordingly brought in ftore of Sheep, Hogs, and Cattel
the Chileans againft that

Foe

foonas Herkman began to make the

mention of Gold, they were

all abafh'd, and laid, that they knew of no Gold Mines, nay, their Hair ftood
an end, when they heard the name of Gold 3 fo horribly the Spaniards had dealt
After this, the Chileans growing more and more ftrange,
with their Parents
But

fo

leaft

Why

the Chilefes grew

ftrange to the Hollanders.

did not in the leaft countenance the building of the Fort, and the longer the
Fleet ftaid,

the lefs Provifions they brought aboard

upon which,

were necef&tated, without any remarkable Exploits, to

fet Sail

the Ships

and return to

The

^_

l%?

The Second Book

CONTAINING

DESCR

IPT

Northern

ica

C H A P.
America, and of

"Bounds of

Of the

I.

the Divijion of the

Mexican

or 3\[orthem fart thereof

Aving

in the

firft

Part of this

Volume

difcours'd at large

concerning the Original of the Americans, and whether

of die World

that part

TheBounds
of

arm*

America*

or America,

call'd India Occidentals,

were known to the Ancients,or own its Difcovery wholly

to the Moderns, as alfo of all the Difcoveries that have
been made of the feveral parts thereof, and by

Topographical part, defcribing

every particular Province or Region, by givingan Account
Situation, Temperature, Productions, Nature of the Soil, and Quality of
fliall

of their

now

whom, we

pafs

on

to the

the Inhabitants.

Weft ward of the J^ores, and the Worlds Meridian, is by fome

fuppos'd to coniift of one vaft Ifland, and feveral leffer ones fcatter'd about it:
Nor can this Supposition be thought improbable, if, as many think, it be environed
with Sea on the North fide, as towards the Eaft, South, and Weft it is known to
America, lying

be

Eaft,

by

the Atlantick

Ocean

South, by the Uagellanick Straight

and Weft,

But becaufe the North=Weft PalTage, though attempted by many,

as Nel [on,. Davis, Vorbifher, Button, Smith, Bud/on, and others, hath not yet been fully
fo that it is not certainly known whether America be joyn'd to
difcover'd by any
Groenland and the Arciick Region, by a continued Trad of Land, or fever'd by the

by Mare del Zur.

method of thofc Geographers, who reputed funiciently

authentick, have divided this "Kelp World into Iflands, and two grand Penmfdas,
joyn'd together by an IJlhmus, or Neck of Land, call'd The Straight of Varien, by
Ocean, we

fome The

fhall follow the

Straight of

Panama, lying almoft under the

Equinotlial Line,

and extending

from "Hombre de Vios Southward, above a hundred Englifh Miles, and from
Eaft to Weft feventeen Miles over in the narrowed place. Of thefe two grand
Peninfulas the Northern is generally call'd America Mexicana, from Aibcic9> the chief
City of the Province, properly call'd Mexicana j which without doubt was heretoin length

fore

II

n6

Lap,

fore the

mod

Northern

America, as well thofe of the

among

various an Account

ferincr

of the Southern Continent,

as

many

fo

we

find fo

the feveral Geographers that have written of ttem,

two of them agreeing in one and

methods of

the Indians, at

In the Divifion of the feveral Provinces of

lead on the North fide of the Iflhmu*.

(not any

Kingdoms of

potent, rich, and flourishing of all the

the

fame order) that

would be an

difagreeing Authors,

upon

to reconcile the dif*

Work-

endlefs

and not omitting the mention of

any of the Provinces taken notice of by the faid Authors, hereby endeavor to take
in whatfoever material hath been obferv'd by all of them, and by the way take oc-

wherefore we

caflon to

fliali

pitch

(hew how one

the furefl courfe,

from another

differs

in the diftribution

therefore of the Northern America (that as near as can be

feem moft

fitly

defcrib'd in this following order

we may

i*

of them.

many

bring

Eflotiland. 2. Terra

Thofe

into one)

Lab or atom y

y Qandda, btNoVafrancid. ^.Noy a Scotia. ^.Nprumbegua. 6,Ne"to

7. NeTP Netherlands now call'd Newlork, as being in the pofleffion of the
now calFd Virginia* 10. Carolina. 11. Florida.
%. Mary-Land,
p. jipalchen

or Nova Britannia,
England*
EngliJJ?.

13. Guatimala,

n.Jucatan.
rica,

containing Chiapa, FeraTaz., Honduras, Nicaragua,

Veragua, Guatimala, properly fo

Spain,

call'd.

The Kingdom of

14.

New

or

containing the Arch-bifhoprick of Mexico, Mechoacan,Tlafcalla, Guaxata,JPanu-

ij.Ne!?

co,Tabafco.

Cinoloa, Zacatecas.

containing Guadalajara, Xalifco, Chiametla, Couliacan,

Gallicia,

i6.New

17. NeH> Mexico.

fiifcay.

oned Tontonteac and Nj>Va Granada. 10. Quiyira

which being an

California,

to which by mofl Authors

we thought

Ifland,

the other

Well of Northern

who among

Martini)

though doubtlefs with

ded by any Sea, yet

fit

is

to referve to be fpoken of

which

utmoft

laft lies

there are alfo (and particularly

added

among

EafiV,

as

Monfieur

the above-mentiori'd Provinces have inferted Groenland>

reafon, fince fhould

little

it is

Some

America.

wherein are menti-

18. Cibola,

the Iflands, as alfo Terra 2fyva 3 or New-found Land

De

Mexico,

Cofta-

evident, if

any

credit

be granted that

it

may

be given to

all

is

it

not divi-

modern Maps

and Globes, that the greateft part of Groenland lies in the Hemifphere of the known
World, and therefore we have judg'd it moft convenient to refer the particular
mention thereof to the Defcription of the Jrtlick Region.

The

I (lands

of Northern America are

Idand of Ajfumption.
Porto ^ico.

eight in

6.

3.

Quba.

number.

10.

The

(Bermudas, or

7. Jamaica.

The

1.

Ifles

8.

of

The

Terra NoVa, or N{ew-found Land.

Summer -Iflands. 4.

Lucayes.

SotaVento.

o.

The

11. Trinidado

HiJpa?iiola.

Qaribbees,
;

and

The-

2.

John

5. St.

being twenty

12. California,

the

biggeft of all the American Iflands,

.

The E xtent
and Circumference of the
Weft- Indies.

The

length of the WeflJndies

is

generally

computed

to be

from theutmoft South

of Terra Magellanica, to the farther! North of Efioidand, about

fix

thoufand Englifb

Miles, reaching from about fixty Degrees of Northern, to fifty three of Southern

Latitude
;

the breadth

from

St. Michael

the Coaft of Brafile Eaflward,

compafs

or fiura Weftward, to Parabaya, a

three thoufand nine

Town on

hundred Miles, and the whole

thirty thoufand.

Sect.

II.

Eitotiland.

THat

the Englif? have been very great Undertakers of

ries

ces,

fuch of our
the Ar click

towards the North- Weft, appears by the

Voyages and DifcoveDenomination of divers Pla-

both from the Perfons which have Sail'd thitherward, and alfo from

own

Countrey Names

as

were thought

fit

to be there fiVd, as

Circle,

are Sir James Lancafter

Sound, Sir Dudley Dtggs's Cape,

beyond

Queen

Amies

Foreland,

E%JCA.

Oup^T

Foreland, Cumberland IJles, Davis's Straight,

and Trigg's Bay, Hudfons

Button's

which more Wefterly runs

Sea towards the ArBick Circle

&c. on

is

this fide

Sea, otherwife

narrow Sea

call'd

toward the ArElkk

between Buttons Bay and the

it,

which places

we

find generally fet

Geographical Difcourfes thereof

fartheft part of

North-Wales

little is

2^ SouthWaks

Chriftian Sea, lies

in the American

of them,

faid

Hemifphere, but

if fo

all

in the

much as nam'd. The

Land Northward, between Hudfons

Gulph and Hudfons Straight,

feven and fixty Degrees of Northern Latitude, goes
generally by the
of Efiotiland, I mean that properly fo call'd (for Efiotiland is
by

betwixt

Name

down

beyond Hudfons
and on this fide an-

Straight
;

fwerable to

Circle

term'd Mare Chriftianum, out of

Hudfons

NeV

a place call'd

iij

fifty

fome as
namely for
all that Trad of Land extending from that fuppofed
Straight of Jnfan, which divides America from Jjiatick Tartary, as far as the utmoft point
of Land that {hoots
toward the Jtlantick Ocean) which Southerly towards Terra Laboratory
is bounded

largely taken as Qanada, by CluVerim, Golnit^jus,

with a River vulgarly

have deriv'd

Name

its

call'd ^'o ftevado,

from

its

lying

(peter

du Val, and others,

or The Snowy %jVer..

more

Eflotiland feems to
Eafterly than the reft of the Provinces,

and, according as Nova Britannia is plac'd in fome Charts, might

very well be taken
for the fame, though irhath not been fo term'd by any
Author, but rather Terra
Labor atom, Cor tenath, and Nova Britannia are generally
receiv'd to be all one.
This Province is affirm'd by Matthias Quadus, and jf. Antonius
Magin us, to have
beenthefirftdifcover'dCountreyofthe new World, and that by Antonius
Zeno, a
Patrician of Venice, in the Year of our Lord
1390. which was long before the Expedition of Columbus, through the encouragement of
Zichmus, King of the Ifie of
Vm^and but by whomfoever found out, or at whatfoever time, it is
commonly
affirrn'd to be not ill furnifh'd with Provifions of
all forts, as Beafts, Birds, Fifii,
Fowl, and Fruits, having a Soil indifferent fertile, in refped
of the c'oldnefs'of the
Climate, The People in general (for fome there are that
live wild and faWe up
and down the Woods, and go naked, whereas the Clothing of the
Countrey

rrf'^

E
2-Sf

is

SkinsofBeaftsandof Sea.Calves,
civil,

the

^^^
The

Natum

call'd Morfes) are

reported not onely tolerably

but alfo ingenious and expert both in mechanick
Arts, and other neceffary

Faculties,

infomuch that the

firfl

Voyagers to

this place are faid to

have obferv'd of

them upon this firft Difcovery, That they fow'd Corn, brew'd
Beer and Ale, and
Traded by Sea to Greenland, Frie%land, and other places, to the
diftance of fifteen
hundred Miles

and

were not altogether void of the ufe^f Letters,

but
that their Character was onely proper to
themfelves and not intelligible by any
other Nation
Moreover,there is a certain Tradition,that there was
here and there
fome little knowledge of the Latin* Tongue amongft them,
and that there were
found divers Latim Books in a Library of one of their
Kings the reafon of which,
if true, is conjeclur'd to be from
certain Europeans who under flood that
Language'
having in Ages paft fuffer'd fhip wrack upon thofe
Coails, where
;

that they

either through conftraint or choice, they

might haply

chancing to abide'
their Deceafe leave behind

at

them fome Books and other Monuments of

the Latim Tongue. They were obferv'd to ufe fuch a kind of Javelin or
fhort Dart, as was known to be us'd by the
Peop e of Java, and fome other Iflands of the
EaJUndies
.

wholly improbable, that they might for

Correipondence with them.

The

a long time

Morfes, or Sea-Calves before mention'd,

are

Heifer, the Hunting of which by the

Natives,
to

them

in the ftead

great quantity of

of Whale-fiming, which

Tram-Qyl

out of them.

who

whereupon

it

feems not

have entertain'd Traffick and

about the bignefs of a young

of the

take them in great numbers,

is

not there fo good, for they draw a

each fide of the Jaw of this amphi-

is

On

ftefcription.

bious

Morfd

n8

much on the Land,as well as in the Water)

crooked Tusk, winding downward like an Elephants Trobofcis,

bious Creature (for

there flicks out a

above

Cubit

vertue, at
for

it is

it is

faid to live very

in length,

as white

and

paiTes for fuch

leaft. it

among

and hard

who

thofe

frequently vended for Unicorns-horn

notice, and gives a

This Countrey

Caution againft

is

as

Ivory

take

it

It

efteem'd of great

is

for other than

what

it is,

of which impofture Dr. Brown takes

in his Vulgar Errors.

fuppos'd, and that probably enough, to have (lore of Brafs and

but for the Mines of Gold and Silver,which fome have imagined there y
the Northerly Situation of the Countrey, and by confequence the coldnefs of the
Climate, give fufficient caufe to queftion the truth of any fuch aflertion. What
Iron Mines

Mountains there are in this Province, is not yet

deliver'd by any, onelyMizg/w^and Quadus make mention of four principal Rivers,
which difperfe themfelves through the Countrey, and take their fource out of a
chief Towns, Cities, Rivers and

great

Mountain

i!t

midft thereof,

in the

S E C T.

...

III.

Terra Labor at oris.

[Erra Laboratoris,

Situation.

by fome

call'd IS^oVa Britannia,

fome who make

there are

Lahoratoris

comprehended, according to

and

Teter du Val,

by others

(orterealis,

(though

two diftincl: Countreys,

under NoVa Britannia, as the more

Corterealis

from about fifty

four to fifty feven Degrees of Northern Latitude, between Efiotiland and the River
Canada, which 'Magmas and fome others, though for what reafon is not exprefs'd,
general Province

name

or, according to Cluyerim,

Mouth

of

it

and

is,

extends

lies

The Bay of the three Brethren ; others, The G{iver of

according to the faid Author, of fo vaft a bignefs, that the

Fretum trium Fratrum

St. Laurence,

under Canada)

it

felf thirty five Italian

Miles wide

like wife

of fuch a length,

have been navigated a continued Voyage of eight hundred Miles. The deno*
mination of Terra de Lahorador, or Lahoratoris, feems probably enough conjectur'd
as to

to be

from the

Cultivation or Tillage

Husband-man

may

cultivability (if one

it

may

that

fo

term

it)

of the

becaufe by the painful

is,

Soil, or its aptnefs for

Hand of

the

Labourer or

be rendred fo

fertile, as to yield all forts

of Grain and Fruits

haply in allufion to that fruitful Countrey of Qamfania in Italy, vulgarly known by

the Name of'Terra di LaVoro. As for the Appellation of Terra (orterealis, it need not

be queftion'd, but that

man, who about

firft

it

derives

the Year of our

difcovery ofthefe Parts

believ'd to have been the

the Seventh,

!S{eip,found

from Gafpar

Lord 1500.

is

Man

that

Land

firft

by

a (portuguefe Gentle-

Cabot a Venetian,

is

more generally

(under the favour and countenance of Henry

difcover'd them, at leaft the adjoyning Ifland

but

ther profecution of that Defign,

Corterealis,

thought by fome to have made the

though Su^SebaJlian

King of England)

Terra No^a, or

it felf

juft

onely difcover'd, being hinder'd the far-

the important Affairs in

which the

faid

King

was about that time involv'd neither did Corterealis, whether he was the firft, or
came after, do any more, for returning within a year after his firft fetting out, he
was never heard of nor, as Oforius a fortugueje Hiftorian writes, any of his Company, being all fuppos'd to have been drown'd by Shipwrack and in like manner Michael Qorterealis who the year following fet forth with two Ships in queft of
his Brother Gafyar. Upon which feries of Misfortunes the Portuguefe being wholly
;

difcouracT'd,

them

in

it

and giving over

this

Defign, the French of Armorica or Bretany fucceed

with fomewhat better fuccefs about the Year 1504. whereupon

it

came

to

be

v^nap.

Jb

be term'd N^ova Britannia, or

New

i^

Britain.

I I A.

129

The

ancient Inhabitants of this place

were formerly of a Nature, like the generality of the American People,
fomewhac
bruitifli and falvage, but by long converfation with the French,
are (aid to have

caft off their original wildnefs,

and become more

civilly

manner'd

they are very

by report much addided to Soothfaying, though

otherwife
little
of
Religion,
or
of
any
having
other kind of Learning they dwell for the
moft
part in Caves under Ground, feed chiefly upon Fifli, and are accounted
moft expert Archers. Whatever places the French have built here befides, thole
of chiefeft
note are St. Maries, Cabo JMarzy, and Breft.
jealous of their Wives,

Sect.

Canada, or

CJnada,

as

it is

IV.

New France,

taken for one and the fame Province with

tains Ney? France, properly fo call'd,

2V>*

N[eit>

France, con-

Norumbega, and fome adjoyning Iflands, as the Canada of CluVerim, lying more
North-Wefterly
comprehends (as we have already intimated) Efittiland, Laboratoris, and
Scotia,

Qorterealis,

and, according to the moft modern Divifion

of Ckyerins neither con'

fents with the lateft Authors, nor agrees withexacl: Survey, it being
nam'd Canada,
the
refpecl:
River
Canada
runs
in
through it) hath on the North Terra Cor terealis, on
the South NeK England, and on the Eaft the Ocean, and hath between
forty &vc

and fifty two or

judg'dtobe the

fifty

(for that

three Degrees of Northern Latitude.

The River Canada is

Rivers of America, as thofe Rivers generally the
largeft of all in the World befides
it rifes in the Weftern parts
of this Province
remain
yet
undifcover'd,
which
and in fome places fpreads itfelf into huge Lakes,
fome of them a hundred Miles in compafs, with many little Iflands difperfed
largeft

of

situation,

all the

up and down

them, and fo running from the Weft about a hundred Leagues/alls

at laft into the North part of Sf. Laivrence Bay y being that wide Emboucheure of
thirty
five Miles breadth already mention'd. This River is extraordinary full of
Fifli
among which there is one fort more remarkable than the reft, call'd by the Inhain

having Heads refembling the Heads of Hares, and Bodies as

white as Snow } they are taken for the moft part before the Ifle de LieVres. The
Countrey on both fides of the River is pleafant and indifferently fertile, efpecially

Cadhothuis

bitants

towards the South- Weft, where upwards from the River the Ground rifes into
many little Hills, inverted moft of them with Vines, with which and feveral other
forts of Trees this Countrey abounds, being well watered with a great
many leffer
of them falling into the River Canada.
That this Countrey is term'd New France, from having been difcover'd by the ftfl
m/
French, at leaft more fully than before, there needs no queftion to be
made ? but
whether Joannes Verra^anw, under Francis the Firft of France, or Sebaftian Cabot before
fpokenof, were the firft in this Difcovery, may admit of fome difpute
Streams,

all

Cabots indeed, (for John the Father

his

Son)

who by

fBaccalaos,

all are

are alfo

own'd

commonly

the

is

firft

by fome mention'd
Difcoverers of

reputed to have

the

to have

accompanied
Newfoundland and Terra de

found out the Province of New

France, together with fome parts adjacent, though perhaps it might
be upon this
Ground that Terra de NjVa, or New -found- Land, not being known at firft to be an
Ifland, Nelb France

pears fo
Terra

much

Nova

firft

and that might be taken for one continued Province

;

and

it

ap-

more probable, becaufe Canada,ot NoVaFrancia, is by fome call'd

however it be, or whoever were the firft Adventurers, guarteri and
the

Champ! ain

difco,
'

M E<KI C

hap,

A.

more
may feem from
ample and particular fearch into th'cfc parts, that this Province
of New France, whereof that part more
to have fufficient claim to the Title

Champlain are the

two French-men

that have gain d

fomuch fame by making

thence

on the North-fide of the River Canada, and Southward to

long, and fo much the more fevere by
Terra Corterealis, The Winter is here very
part of the Winter Scafon,
reafon of a cold North*Weft Wind which blows mod
moll: comand brings with it fo thick a Snow, that it continues upon the Ground
efpecially fo call'd, lies

monly till
Champain

after

The Countrey

May.

is

parts thereof very fruitful of

moft part wooddy, but

for the

Corn, and

all forts

-'

in the

of Grain, efpecially

Fowl, wild Deer, Bears, Marterns, and Foxes in abundance, and of Hares fuch plenty, that one of the little Iflands belonging to this ProBut the moll:
JJle des LieVres, or The I/land of Hares
vince, is by the French nam' d
Pulfe

It

hath alfo

Fiflh,

Commodity belonging

peculiar

to this

Countrey

is

the Efurgnuy,

a kind of Shell-

extraordinary white, and approv'd of fingular vertue for the ftanching of

Blood to which purpofe they make Bracelets of them, not onely for their own
Fifh,

but John de Laet and others have obferv'd no

Funeral Rites
other than a fuperftitious ufe of them amongft the Salvages, in their
for when any one
for the Dead : the manner of their taking it is very remarkable

ufe,

but alfo to vend them to others

condemned to die, or taken Prifoner, they cut off all his flefhy parts in long flices,
and then throw him into the River, where they let him lie twelve hours, and at
Quadm and Magimts
of Efurgnui.
laft pulling him out again find his Wounds full
is

make mention of three

ancient

Towns, namely

Canada (denominated as the Pro-

from the River) Hochelai and Hochchelaga, giving Name to a Territory about
notice of, or make fome queftion of the beit, which Geographers either take no
however,a late Defcriber of the Weft-Indies, not mentioning
ing of fuch Towns
vince,

Hochchelaga :
the other two, gives this defcription of the laft, vi%.
<
This City(faith he)faid to be the Seat and Refidence of a King of this

Country

" whom the Natives, at leaft fome of them, acknowledge and reverence, carrying
" him fometimes in great pomp upon their Shoulders fitting upon a Carpet of
Beads Skins, is fituate far within Land, at adiftanceof fix or feven Leagues from
the River Canada, and is a kind of fortifi'd place,encompafs'd about with a threeRods high
<c
fold Range of Timber Ramparts one within another, of about two
" from the Ground,with crofs Planks,or pieces of Timber jutting out, on purpofe
Enemy's Scaling or getting up towards the top there is as it were a
which
t
Scaffold or Gallery fram'd, from whence they may throw down Stones (of
" there is always good ftore ready, or what elfe to annoy the AiTailants It hath
c

to hinder an

:
onely Gate for Entrance, and thatlikewife werl fortifi'd after their manner
" There are guefs'd to be in it fifty or fixty great Houfes, built (as the maner of the

" one

Americans that live inHoufesufually

is)

in a fquare Figure,

each fide being about

Foot long, or more, and fixteen or twenty broad, but not many Stories
" high and inthemidft of the Court or void fpace, a place to make their Fire,
<J
and do other neceiTary work about it. Moreover the Territory round about
<l

fifty

"

this

Town is both

rich in Soil,

and pleafantin ProfpecT:.

Befides thefe three above-mention'd

Towns

there are feveral others,

not untaken notice of in the moft modern Defcriptions and Maps, vi^.
or Stadacone, fomewhat Weft-ward of a fmall Ifle call'd The Ifle d' Orleance

which
i,

are

Stadac,
2.

Que-

Colony of the French, and the Natives expell'd, came to

denomi3. Tadouffac which lies-in that part of the Countrey
be Entituled St. Croix
nated from the River Saguenay, and by fome call'd at this day NouVelle'3ifcaye,a deHaven,
lightful place, and full of ftately Trees, and hath likewife a good and fafe

beam, which being

made

-,

capable

-*

Chap.

AMERICA.

I.

capable of receiving twenty Ships

6. Stllery

real',

7. Richelieu-

befides

4. Trois

131

<I{iYteris,

two ftrong

or three Rivers

5,

n-

Caftles or Forts, Franceroy and

the Firft built by Monfieur ^pbeVal at his Landing

here, about the
Year 1540. the other deiTgn'd for a Colony, in the Year 1611. by
Monfieur
Cbamflanji, but hinder'd by the Invafion of the Iroquois. The
fmaller Rivers

Lewis-

St.

that

runout of the Gulph of St. Lawrence , and the grand River Canada
towards
North, on which fide chiefly lies this Province, are, 1. Chickefedec, 2.

the

St. Margarite

Lefquemin, ^.Saquenay, before-mention'd,

Montonne

and on the South fide the

River Mary. The principal Tribes of the ancient Natives of this Countrey
wereon the North fide of Canada the Canadans, the Betifiamites, the Hurons,
3.

the Algoniquins]
the Quenongebins, the Algoinge quins , the Attagopantans, the Atticameques, the
Nipifirtniens'
and on the South fide, the Etechemins, and the chief Heads or Princes

of thefe Tribes

were

call'd Sagamores.

Jaques Quartier

Complementing

whole Winter at St.

into which falls the

King Agouthanna, took up his Quarters a

Croix, a Sandy Promontory, overflow'd by
the River Canada,
'
Lake de Champlain, grown round about with Cheftnut
Trees
their

breeds the ftrange Fifh call'd Chaoufarou, generally ten Foot

long, with Heads
like Sharks, and two rows of Teeth in their Mouths , their Skins
full of ftrong
Scales, which are fufficient Shields againft Swords and Lances, are
great devourers
in

it

Strange Fifh

nam'd Chasur
JaroH.

and Fowls, which they take after this manner, <?$ they
fwimamongft Reeds or Canes, and lie ftill with their Mouths open whereat
the Birds
fitting down upon them, are immediately fwallow'd.

of other

Fifli

The

Natives of Nova Francia anoint their bodies with Oil in the

Summer they
y
go naked, and in the Winter mantle themfelves in Furs. Their Warlike
Accoutrements are Darts and Clubs, but chiefly great Shields. They are revengeful,
-

cruel

and fraudulent their Women common to all Men^ from fifteen to twenty,
after
which, Marrying, they become very Chafte. Their Diet is Indian Corn,
frefh and
fait Fifh, Venifon, Buffalo's and Beavers flefh
wiping their Fingers (when greafie)
on their Heads, or their Dogs backs, which wait for the Scraps.
;

At that feafon when the Corn covers the ground,to any heighth,they eat
Cockles
Dogs, dead Caryon, and the Skins wherewith they Clothe themfelves.

When they
they tabering on their Bellies, cry ,Tapoue Mikitpoun,
that is, VeI am (amfid. They give their Sick a fpeedy Cure, either
immediately kil'ling

have eaten
rily

them

Beafts,

their

fill,

or inhumanely expofing them to the

but

if

they die fuddenly, they in

Woods, to be devour'd by ravenous

howling tone pronounce Ove, Ove, thereby

to chafe the Souls of the Deceas'd out of their Huts; they flick the
bodies

on Wood,

den Prongs, cover them with Bark, and lay their Clothes and Arms by
them
all what remains of the Funeral Feafts is burnt, whereas at
other times,

what

brought on their Table they

e're

though ready to burft. They make the firft

Proofs of their Valour by undergoing a moft prodigious Torment,
in this manis

ner

Two

by confent

Sulphur to bepour'd,

eat,

naked Arms together, on which they fuffer burning

the flefh ftarts from the bone, if either of them
fhrink,

tie their
till

Strange

proof cf Valor.

Arm, he is accounted by them ever after as an ignominious and

Coward. They call God Jtahocan, and believe that one Slieffou firft
drowning

or pull back his

bafe

world by a general Deluge, reftor'd it again after a wonderful

manner, Yt K
Mejfou hunting with Wolves, they fcented a Deer which being clofely
purfu'd,
the

leap'd into a neighboring Pool,

Wolves following it, were drown'd Mejfou

coming thither, flood amaz'd at a Bird, which informed him, that the Wolves
were pluck'd down, and held faft in the bottom by horrible Monfters, whereupon he diving, the Pool immediately began to fwell, and at laft the whole furthe

Wonderful
opinion of

God.

face

Floeci.

M B^I C

l]%

Chap.

J.

I.

afterwards let a Raven flie to fetch a

of the Earth to be overnow'd: Mejfou
at laft a Rat
Clod of Earth, but in vain, for all the Land lay drown'd in Water
out of which Mejfou reftor'd the
diving to the bottom, brought a lump of Earth
Here alfo refruitful Branches.
iriot Arrows into Trees, which became

face

World

which fometimes being pofin a terrible manner, infomuch that the

fefs'd with a Frenzy, fcourge themfelves
Thefe People are held in great cfteem, for they
Blood runs down by their fides
occafion, rol^
boaft themfelves to have their Original from Heaven upon this
refiding above the Stars, had a lick HufJtaenfic, a certain great Queen or Goddefs,
fide

Sorcerers.

an innumerable

many

call'd Villotoas,

Sorcerers,

Theyboaft
Extract

their

from Heaven.
Their ftrange
Relation con-

cerning

who Dreamt

band,

that he

mould be

reftor'd to his

former health fo foon as he

of Heacould but tafte of the Fruits which grew on a Tree , whereby the Family
ven were kept alive, but that the Tree muft needs be cut down, which Ataenjlc
obeying, gave onely two blows, when the Tree, to her great amazement, fell out

it.

of Heaven

down

to the Earth

there being

by

this

means nothing more

left

to eat

Child, bare a
Maenfic follow'd the fallen Tree, and being big with
Dauphter, which growing up to years, was Deliver'd of two Daughters, Viz^
and Jomkeba, the eldeft of which flew the younger! : By thefe Fables we
in

Heaven

Taovlfcaron

knowledge of 2v>//s Flood, Eve's Fall, and Cams MurCreation, :w.

der. No lefs ridiculous is that which they believe concerning the
That the Waters were inclos'd within a Frog, which Jouskeha caufingto be cut open,
This done,
had their Original from thence
all Streams and Rivers iffuing out

may

difcern their obfeure

Jouskeha open'd a Pit, out of

As

alfo

of

fliape to the Soul, as alfo

the Creation*
ani

Souls of

Village towards the Weft

which came

all forts

of Beads

they afcribe a Bodily

Immortality, but that they live together in a great

from which removing fometimes, they knock at the

th? Dcceafed.

Doors of their former Friends

Journey towards the Village

in the

in

Night, and fow deferted Grounds

which

the Souls reiide

is

very ftrange

That the
the High-

Rock nam'd Ecaregniendi , where they firft Paint their

old Man, nam'd Ofotracb,
Faces, which done, they go to a Hut inhabited by an
who takes the Brains out of the Souls Head after which they walk to a broad Ri-

way

thither beginning at a

Bridge, on
ver, which they crofs on a narrow Plank or

Strange

Dog

encountring,

them down to the foremention'd

They acknowledge one tiki for the Governor of the Sea, and feafons of
Village.
They alfo Religioufly Worfhip the Rock Tfankcbi Jrafta, which they
the Year
fome ages ago was once a Man, but afterward Transformed into a Rock,

them

forces

Rock.

which

to leap into the Water,

which

carries

believe
in

Thunder.'

thakAbic^ an
Idol.

which a

V Anion refides, who

can make their Journies either fuccefsful or dan-

Their opinion of Thunder is likehorrible

wife very ridiculous, for they fay that the Devil endeavoring to vomit a
occafions ThunSerpent, by {training to evacuate the fame, rents the Clouds, and
climb'd on the top of a
der. Laftly,They relate of a Dwarf call'd Tbakabecb, who

gerous, wherefore they offer

Tree, which by

and Jbakdecb

his

eafily

him Tobacco.

blowing thereon grew fo high, that it touch'd the Clouds,

ftept into them, where he found all forts of delight and plea*

but having a Sifter on Earth, defcended again along the Tree, and fetching
while, Thakabecb going in the
his Sifter, conduded her above the Stars ; mean
Night to fee if he had taken any thing in his Net which he had pitch'd , found
fure

of Fire, and obferving the fame very narrowly, faw that he had taken
great heat but making
the Sun, but durft not approach the fame, by reafon of its
aMoufe, fent her to gnaw the Net in pieces, and fet the Sun at liberty. Every
it full

for on the Set.timc

twelfth year they keep an extraordinary great Funeral-Feaft
carrying thither the Bothey flock from all parts to the appointed place, every one
wrapt up i i Clothes, and hang them ovei
dies or Bones of their Deceased Friends,

furtfral-Feaft

t.

-r

111

fcliwgiiiw

ii.i

thei;

Chap.

M E %_,! C

<iA

I.

A.
33

Meat, which they eat iinging fuch fond and Superfluous Conceits make up
the Religion of thefe poor deluded People.
their

S E C T.

V.

Accadia, or Nova Scotia,

0va

or

Scotia,

Scotland,

2\Jeia?

formerly call'd Accadia,

is

commonly accounted

a part of New France, (yfa that part which lying on the South fide of the
River Canada, and mooting South-Eafterly into a bofom of the Sea, forms

between the Gulph of St. Lawrence, and the Bay Francoife)

neverthelefs, becaufe of the different concernments of this part of the Countrey, in
it

felf into a feninfula,

regard the right of claim to feveral places in thisdiftricl:, moft efpecially of all No*
Va Francia befides, hath been long in difpute between Us and the French, it will be
moft convenient to Treat of it apart and becaufe the Series of Affairs, from its
.

of late years, appears faithfully reprefented on the Englifh part,

in a Remonftrance Addrefs'd to the King and Council by Sir Lewis K$rk and his

firft

difcovery,

till

Brother John

on occafion)

to follow

monftrance to
c

Efquire

I{irk

it

will not be amifs (onely adding

exa&ly the Narration of Affairs,

fome few things updelivered in the faid Re-

this effect.

^pHe whole Trad or Space of Land in America, lying on either fide of the
JL

River Canada, which a long time fince were

known by

Karnes of
NoVa Francia, and Nova Scotia, were at firft difcover'd and found out by the Eng*
" lip, in the time of Henry the Seventh , King of England which Expedition
" was firft undertaken at the Command and Charges of that King afterwards
;
a further'd and carry'd on by the favorable.
Afpect of Queen Elizabeth
fo that in
the

<

"
"

procefs of time, for

lute Priviledge

of

many

years together, the faid

Commerce,

Trad

of Ground, withabfo-

under the Jurifdidion and Power of the

Crown of England Neither was it unto any other Chriftian Princes, or their Sub*
" je&s more clearly known or difcover'd, untill about the year 1600. fome of the
French underftanding the benefit arifing by Traffique in the River of St. Laurence,
c
having formerly feiz'd upon that Traft of Land, fituate on the North fide of
free

fell

'the faidFloudor River Canada

c

duel o/Peter de

did afterwards, in Jnno 1604. (under

Gua, Lord of Monts, who

in the

year

606. was follow d

the Qon

Monfieur

by

" de Pourtrincourt) PofTefs themfelves of U Jccadie , lying on the South fide of

" the faid River, naming the whole Njva Francia, challenging to themfelves for
many years, at leaft de fafio, the PolTeffion thereof, with fole liberty of Com*
" merce there.
1

2.

\6n. King James of England looking upon the PolTeffion gotten

French, as upon an Invafion, did by his Letters Patents Grant un

In Anno

there

to Sir William Alexander a Scotchman

by the

" Charles

the Firfl)

(Created afterwards Earl of Sterling

V Jccadie, by the Name

of N^oVa

Scotia
;

c<

and 1623.

"

Fort

|
"

after Sir

Samuel Argal

carry d them Trifoners to

who

%ing

by

in the year

612,

had driven out Biard and Maffe, and demolishing their

Virginia

having obtained the PofTeffion thereof,

they Planted a Colony therein, and kept PofTeffion for about two years after,
until fuch time, as upon the Marriage of his Majefty King Charles the Firft, with

" the Lady Henrietta Maria, the faid V Accadie, or NoVa Scotia, was by Order of the
" King of; England return'd into the PofTeffion of the French.
" 2. Afterwards a War arifing between his Majefty King [harks the Firft, and

Q-

4C

Lewis

4-

3
il
<c

ME <KI C

Chap.

A.

Lewis xhe XIII. Anfio \6i? t and 1628. Sir IXrwd i(ir& and his Brethren and Relations of England, did by vertue of his Majeftie's CommiiTion, fend to Sea (at their

u great charge) firft three, afterwards nine Ships, with Warlike Preparations for
" recovering of the Pofleflion of the faid Lands, lying on either fide of the faid
cc
River Canada,znd to expel and eject all the French Trading in thofe Parts, wherein
11
and in Anno 1^27. did there feize upon about eighteen
they had good Succefs
tl
of the French Ships, wherein were found a hundred thirty five Pieces of Ord;

deficm'd for relief of the %oyal Fort in

cc

nance

Francia,

u ther
cC

"
"
<rc

(C

under the

of de

Command

ofMonJieur de

Tour, Governor of the faid

la

U Accadie

Remand, and

${pyat Fort,

and Quebeck in

Monjieur de

whom,

la

!S[oVa

Tour, Fa

together with the faid

Ships and Guns, they brought into England ; and in the year 1628. they Poflefs'd
themfelves of the whole Region of Canada or 2{p)?a Francia, fituate on the North

of the River, together with the Fort or Caftle of Quebeck, Sir Lewis Kjrk being then conftituted Governor of the place, the French being then either expell'd
or convey'd into England, and the Arms of the King of England being publickly
fide

"

and before the year 1628. it was brought

( aflifted both by the advice and charge
to pafs by the faid Sir William Alexander
u of the faid Z\irk) that in the parts of
Accadie, or NoVa Scotia, on the South fide
" of the River Canada, the whole place, with the Forts thereon built, being by him

that Region
fubdu'd, prefently came under the Power of the King of England
there erected, and every where plac'd

I'.

" on

"

and

the South fide falling into the Pofleflion of the faid Sir William Alexander,

that on the

a 4.

North

fide, into the Pofleflion

of the Kjrks.

March zo. 1632. a Peace being concluded between King Charles the
" Firft, and Lewis the XIII. it was amongft other things on the part of the King of
Accadie as in Nolsa Francia, fhould
" England agreed, That all the Forts, as well in

On

" be reftor'd into the Pofleflion of the Subjects of the

u actly perform'd on the part of the Englijb, though
<r

JQrKs

but on the part of the French, although

"

fifth Articles

tc

ever performed of their parts

" value of
(t

of Peace

five

(to

which

reference

fo that the I\irks did

is

had)

thereupon

was

yet nothing
fuffer lofs, to

the

Sterl.

which were

remain unpaid to

to be paid

them by

Monfieur de

this day.

Anno 1633. the King of England taking notice, that although the Forts and
Caftles, according to the League, were delivered up into the Pofleflion of the
French, (efpecially fuch as had been erected during their PofTeflion thereof) yet

<(

"
a
"

fetdown,

thoufand Pounds

Cane a Frenchman, but

is

it

King

which was exto the great damage of the

was agreed, as in the fourth and
French

5.

were not to be excluded from Trade or free Commerce,

in thofe Regions that were firft Difcover'd and Poflefs'd by his Subjects, did,
with the advice of his Council, by his Letters Patents, Dated May 1 1. 1633. upon
" confederation had of the Expences, which the faid Kjrks had laid out upon the re*
that his EngUjh Subjects

" ducingof that Countrey with the Fort of Quebeck, to the value of 5oooo lb and
" alfo of their ready obeifance in refigning up the fame on his Royal Command,
'

(l

Grant unto

Sir Lewis I{irk

and

his

Brother John IQrk and his Aflociates, for the

term of thirty one years (not yet expir'd) full Priviledge, not only of Trade and
"Commerce in the River Canada, and places on either fide adjacent, but alfo to
(i
Plant Colonies, and build Forts and Bulwarks where they fhould think fit.

<c

"

6.

By

vertue of

which Commiflion,

"

ZQrk, and his Affociates, in the

<e

fet/orth a Ship call'd The Merry

"
"

lue, confian'd to thofe parts,

offence given

and

in

Sir Lewis

Kjrk and his Brother John

Moneth of February next following, y>i%. in 1633.

Fortune, Laden with Goods of a confiderable va-

where during her Trading there, without any juft

time of Peace, fhe was by the French forceably feiz'd on,
and

*0mm

AMERICA.

^p- H.

" and.carry'd into France, and; her Lading,

feated.. whereupon the %trks Cufot'd lofs,

l}5

had been lawful Prize, Confi.

to the value of twelve thoufand Pounds.
c
And although the Lord Scudamore, AmbaiTador in France, by the King of England*
" fpecial Command, and the faid John I{irk being there in Perfon,
by the King's
as if flic

Command,

did often earneftly urge, that the Moneys due to the

faid fitrh, and
" the faid Ship, with her Lading, might be reftor'd, which for
no other caufe had
" been feiz'd upon and fold, but only for that by the King's
Commiffion (lie was
ic

found Trading

"

yet he could obtain nothing,

but after fomc years

endeavors return 'd into England without accomplifliing his defires.
7. In the year 1654. Cromwel, although an unjuft Ufurper of the Government,

fruitlefs

"
c

upon consideration of the Premifes, taking a juft occafion for requiting

the
PofTemon of Accadie and NoVa Francia, Articles being not perform'd, fends
forth

yet

feveral Ships

'

under the

Command of one SedgVick, who

by vertue of the Authority

granted him by Cromwel, afTaulted and fubdu'd the aforefaid
Forts in Nova Scotia,

at Canada

and

them into the Poffcflion of the Englifh And although in the year
1655!
<a League of firm Peace and Amity being concluded between Cromwel
and the
" French King,the French AmbaiTador did often urge the Reftitution to
thePoffcifion
' of'the French;
yet for the fame caufes aforefaid, which had mov'd Qromwel
to Teize
upon them, it was thought fit ftill to retain the Pofleffion of them
and although
reftor'd

'

'

according to the purport of the twenty fifth Article of the

Peace, Commiflioners
on both fides were to be appointed for the deciding and determining
that

verfie
;

within
c

Contro-

yet nothing

three

was done therein, neither did the Commiffioners ever meet

Months, as in the twenty fourth Article of the Treaty was provided

and agreed
So that now the cafe is very clear, that the Poffeffion to the
Englifh
remains firm and juft,and thac the Forts and Bulwarks before
Tpecifi'd, are with:

out

all

peradventure under the

Power and

King of England.

Jurifdiftion of the

Since the Reftauration of his prefent Majefty, the French

AmbaiTador reprcfenting unto the King the Pretenfions of the French unto
the feveral Forts and other
places in Accadie,

the Kjrks,

which were retained upon the non-performance of Articles to

mov'd the King of England Jsaprofepd Enemy to all Violence, for a Refti,

tution of all the Forts and other places which were

then in the polTeffion of the Eng*
UJh So that fince the Treaty of Holland, whether upon the
AmbafTadors
:

requeft, or

upon other important

Affairs intervening,

upon what other ground foever it

fuffer'd to re-enter on the forefaid places,and do yet keep
PofTeffion of them, till fuch time as the
Englifh Claim under the juft Title of the E^rks,
fhall meet with fome fit occafion of being
reviv'd, for their Satisfaction.
That which we fuppofe gives the French fo much the more confidence in
their
or

were, the French were

claim of this Country,

whom they
Ifle

is

prefumption upon the Expedition of James

their

will have to be the

of Jjfumption, but alfo of

firft

Difcoverer,

if

not Pofleflbr

Quartier,

not onely of the

Coaft of NoVa Francia, not taking notice it feems

Cabot, under Henry the Seventh.
chief places of Note in this Countrey, are,
1. fort<%oyal, a Colony of French,
this

of Sebaflian

The
faid to

have been Planted there by Monfieur de Mont

K in 1604. by report, capable of
receiving a thoufand Ships
and in 1613. (the French being driven out by Sir Samueljrgal, Governor of Virginia, who
took ferifbners Biard UdMajfe, and demolifh'd the Fort at fort %oyal)
given by Patent, as aforemention'd,
.

to Sir William Alex-

ander
wel

afterwards by him fold again to the French

re-taken by

Major Sedgwick

laftly, re-poiTefs'd

Tortua Morton, j. Gasje, or Gachepe.

then in the time of Oliver Crom-

by the French

4. The Haven ofTaJfepay.

*

Qs.2

5.

2.. St.

Lute's

%,

The *y de Toutes
Iflet;

\7,6

M E %J. C

Chap.

A.

I.

the Southern Point Forchu,

6.TheFortdelaHeve. 7 .The ftp? of Sable, Within
Mine.
the Ifle Longu, which boafts of a Silver
Jccadie were the Iroquois, lynoted People of the ancient Inhabitants of

Ijles.

lies

The mod
ing

Remarkable
manner of living.

South-Wefterly upon the Sea Coaft,

mod

who

us'd to drive a great

Trade

in

Beavers and other Commodities.

full of Vineyards.
Wefterly before the River Chovacoet lies Bacchus Ifle,
for they fiiavc
The Inhabitants thereof differ very much from other Salvages,
behind, pleited toHair from the Crown of their Head, wear long Locks
all the

arm'd with
of Feathers, Paint their Faces black and red, go
They Till their
Filli.bones
Clubs, Bows, Pikes, and Arrows pointed with
they Plant ToGround very handfomly, and divide their Fields with Hedges ;
Coloured Beans ; the ftalks of the MaiK
bacco, Vines, Cabbages, Mai^, and divers
upon.
ferve in ftead of Poles for their Beans to run up
gether,

and ftuck

full

is fecur'd from all

Beyond Cafe de <Hpcher lies the brave Harbor Beaufort 9 which
Manur'd in moft plaWinds by an Ifle which lies in the midft of it. The Countrey
Cattel.
ces, and Fruitful, feeds ftore of Men and
cover'd with
The Haven of Malabar is furrounded in a manner with little Huts,
the Smoke to go out at.
Mats, which in the Middle of the Room have a hole for

The

Southern fhore

Sandy, and very dangerous.

exemplification of what concerns
is

For the more full

(hall conclude with an account of
their

Quartier's

Expedition.

own

THe

all

this part

of Nova Francia,

wc

Material Paffages relating to the French, from

Narrations as followeth.

firft

by the
difcoverer of this Coaft wzsjaques (heartier, fent out Anno 1534.
Months; and
Francis the Firft, in which Expedition he fpent five

French King,

Scurvy

when known.

Lawrence, Terr eneuf, and Natifcotec.

going from thence to St.Mafc, difcover'd the Inlet
The following year profecuting his Voyage, he Sail'd into the great River Canada,
Scurvy,a DiftemandWinter'd near St.Ooix,where he loft divers of his Men by the
and fuch was his condition, that none of
per till that time altogether unknown
Inhabitants taught him to cure the fame
his Men had efcap'd with life, had not the
which many recovering,
with the Bark and Leaves of the Tree Annedda^ with
the King Donnacona with many
Quartier Weigh'd Anchor, and treacheroufly carry'd
dying, Quartier brought only
of his Nobles, Prifoners to France but moft of them
;

years after the firft, when ara few of them back with him in his third Voyage, fix
Fort, which he nam'd Charlesriving in the Haven St. O'x, he caft up a ftrong
French
where he ftaid a whole Winter. Joan de la (fyque, whom the
thither
King had made Governor of Quartier s new-difcover'd Countries, Sailing
whence he was
with three Ships, met with Quartier'* Fleet near Terreneuf from
with fo fmall
then going home, becaufe he faw no hopes of fubduing the Salvages
But de la <%?que endeavoring to
a Force as he had brought with him from France.
fpending
make a further difcoyery of Canada, Sail'd up the River Saguenay, where
and the fruit*
both time and Money, he was Commanded home by the French King,

bourg <%oyal,

Exploit 'of
it la

Ke^ue.

lefs

QUiMonts.

Expeditions lay dead

When

till

about 1604.

Peter de Monts obtaining Letters Patents to

Trade

for Furs in the fore-

with two Ships beyond Accadie, up St. Laurence Bay,

which he
where he Landed on the Ifle St. Croix, where of ninety (even Men, with
but having frefli Supplies fent him
ftaid there a whole Winter, he loft thirty five
return d
he remov'd to Port %oyal, where leaving forty Men, he
France

mention'd Countries,

Sail'd

from

home

thefe forty being redue'd to

twenty three, and

in great

want, walking

a-

long the Sea.fhore

in a defpairing condition, efpy'd

a Ship

coming up with

full

Sail,

umm

Chap.

<J[

I.

ME

3^.1'

which upon nearer approach, prov'd a

Sail,

A.

*37f
of which

French VefTel,

Poutrincourt

was Commander, who receiving his wretched Countrey.men with great joy, took
them with him to (port %pyal, being fent thither on purpofe to fettle a Plantation
Meanwhile the Letters Patent granted to Monts, being calFd in, the firft
in Accadie

Of Perttrificourt.

Planters in Tort %oyal were forc'd to defert the fame, and return home; and alfo
foutrincourt returning, came back again three years after to fort %oyal,
where finding the Houfes ftanding as he had left them, he ManurM the Countrey all about,

and endeavoring to Plant

an Accadian Lord,

among

Chriftianity

who was above

the Natives,

a hundred years old

ChrifWd among others

all

which

Poutrincourt Sail-

ing back to France, related at the Court.

The

being alfo inform'd thereof, obtain'd leave of the Queen to fend

(peter Biard and Euemond Maffe thither, on pretence, that Henry the Fourth
had him*
them
the fame Priviledge in his Life time. But the Merchants at
felf promis'd
Diep
Jefuits

Remarkable Tranfaffi-

ons of fome
Jefuits.

which were concern d

in the

new

ing over of the foremention'd

them, and

Men

What

inclind to the

There are fo many Orders of

refolVd

fend Jefuits

to

Jefuits,

laid to their charge the

yet reaking in Paris

Cuftody of

Plantations with Poutrincourt, oppollng the go*

exprefs'd themfelves very violent againil

Blood of the

late

ajfurance (alleadg'd they)

Spaniards

Monks

thither,

King, which they

had

their

Goods

faid

was

-frhich Toere in the

Muft the Chriftian Religion he promulgated I

may eafily produce t"too Men
hut if the Queen Tpm
;

Tbhich

they defir'd reftauration of the Monies vhicb they had

difr

To

which Biard and Maffe harkening gathered up the demanded Monies, under pretence of being required towards the Preaching of the
Chriftian %elu
gion amongft thefe remote Heathens
by this means getting great Sums, they bought
hurs'd

out the foremention'd Merchants, fo that the

who

fuits,

and

fetting Sail,

and arriving

new

Plantations

at Port <%oyd,

fo thwarted foutrincourt in his defigns,

turn'd

half to the Jethings topfiturvy,

fell

all

was forc'd to compkin to the

Court of the Jefuits oppreflion, whofe aim it was to get all things into their
whereupon they Excommunicated foutrincourt' s Son (who ferv'd
PofTefTion
that he

French

own

in his Father's place at Court, and gain'd the

their Party,

contracted

by promiiing him,

Sum

of Money

Duke

GuereheYille in France to

be of

new Plantations for a

all forts of Arms and Ammu-

that he Oiould fliare in the

After this they received

nition, with feveral Brafs Guns, of the then King Lewis the XIII. and other
gifts
Collected and gathered out of their feveral Societies , for two new Jccadtan Apo*
Gilbert du Thet, a fubtile man of the. fame Order, tranfported their
files.
Neceffaries.

At

this

time

all

things going favorably with the Jefuits, they

made themfelves

Matters of Port %oyal, and began to raife a Fort on the River Temtagovet but there
their happy Proceedings were ftop'd, for Captain Argal before*mention'd,
Sailing
5

thither in vindication of the Englifh

was encountered by du

Thet,

(who

firing the

firftGunon^rga/, was by him taken off with Chain-fhot) and taking Biard
and
Prifoners
them
carry
'd
to Virginia, and difmantled the Fort built at <Port%oy.
Maffe,

was by King James given by Patent to Sir William Alexander, as

hath been already related, together with what of moft remarkable hath
happen'd
al,

after

which

it

fince.

Q-j

Sect,

AMERICA.

i}8

Sect.

Chap.

VI.

Norumbegua.
Whence

Northward, and Ne7 Englatid Southward, is To utterly not taken notice of by many as a diftincl: Province,
that it might feem to be fwallow'd up and loft in the two Countreys bebetween Nova

~YOrumbe<rua, lying

de-

nominated.

tween which

or at

it lies,

Virginia largely

taken

efpecially focall'd)

leaft to

Scotia

be thought a part of Virginia or

Novum

faid to contain Ncv> England,

is

and

that

fomuch

New

'Belgium,

England (for

and

Virginia,

the rather, becaufe the <Bej]abees, accounted

San/on d' Abbeville an ancient People of

d^m England,

by

are written to have liv'd near

which is reckon d to be the fame with PemtegoVet, or (as fome

will have it) Norumbegua, from which, or from a certain great City of that Name,
the Country for fancy's fake muft needs be denominated; but fince nioft commonly we find it nanfd and* treated of apart, it will' not be improper to follow
the River Penobfcot,

method, carrying the Bounds of New England no farther Northward than the
River Quinnebequi or Sagadahoc, and fo determining the main part of this Countrcy
to that fpace between the aforefaid River and PemtegoVet, excepting a fmall Southat

therly portion

Cities

kno fin.

As

not

certainly

fo that

it

appears chiefly

under the forty third Degree of Northern Latitude.

fituate
Towns and

the Banks of the River ChoVacoVet

upon

for the

Towns

or Cities of this Province, there

is

but a verv uncertain ac-

count to be given, forafmuch as the pretended great City Norumhegua, from whence
the Province (hould take its Appellation, is not acknowledged by any of the mofl
authentick modern Writers, nor in any late Voyage or Difcovery any mention

of that or any other confiderable Town or Cicy. Dr. Heylin fuppofeth it to be no other than Agguncia, a poor little Village, that feems compos'd of a
company of Hutts cr Sheaves, covered with the Skins of Beafts, or the Barks of

made

either

But the moft favourable conjecture

Trees.

of an ancient Town which the Natives

j

it

is,

call'd

might haply be the Ruines

Arambeck, and had probably deferted
that

it

long before the arrival of the Europeans in thofe parrs

probable that the

Name

however,

it

is

not very

of the Countrey mould be derived from this City,

if

ever

any fuch, or from the River, which appears to have been term'd Norumbegua on purpofe to make way for this derivation, whereas PomtegoVet is the annor hath any modern one been apcient Appellation that properly belongs to it
there were

ply'd to

it

but that of

what ground

is

(Rjo

hard to

Grande,

by

Bum

tell, fince it is

in his

Comment upon

Philip CluVerius,

upon

obferv'd by Heylin and others, to be neither

nor otherwife much to be commended, being Navigable not above twenty

or thirty Miles, in refped of its many great Cataracts and Falls of Water, an In-

large,

convenience with which

many

other Rivers of America

slxc

prejudiced, and rendred

impafTable.

Mouth of this River, which is judg'd to be about eight or

nine Miles broad, lie many fmall Iflands, or rather Hills, inviron'd with Water,
the chiefeft of which is by the French call'd La Haute Ifle, from the high and MounBefore and about the

tainous appearance of

it

The aforemention'd

to thofe that fee

it

from

afar off at Sea.

Buno, though he names, as belonging to Norumbega, thefe

federal places, vi%. Porto del Refugio, Porto ($eale, Paradifo, Flora,

fome obfeure
wards

French testimonies,

confeiTes, that the

niards, are fo

Names

and Angolema, from

without particularifing any Author, yet he aftergiven by the French, and thofe apply'd by the Spa-

various and difagreeing, and breed fuch a confulion, that no Charts

or Defcriptions had concluded

upon

either.

As

Chap.
As

AMERICA.

II.

for thofe

who

will have Norumbega deriv'd

from

I|9

NorTbegia, in

refped of a Colony brought thither from T{prwey y if the Etymologie be not a little too
much
the
Invention
forc'd,
may pafs well enough till a better be found out.
In this Countrey the temperature of the Air is not bad, nor the Soil unfruitful, ^"5"
ureofi*
if it were well cultivated, chiefly towards the Rivers, and where it is
not either
L

overgrown with Woods, or craggy with Hills and mountainous Rocks neither
are the Woods unprofitable, for they afford good Timber, and all kind of neceffary
and ufeful Wood, efpecially Beeches, Fir-trees, Wallnut-trees, and other Nuts :
:

The

Plains are very pleafant, and yield good Pafturage, onely the Maritime Coafts
are fo fhallow and full of Sands, that the Sailing near them is accounted fome-

what dangerous and this may be imagin'd to be

yet met with any Ports or Havens belonging to
thought worthy their notice.
5

CHAP.
New

no Authors have
Countrey, which they have

the reafon that

this

II.

England.

by fome accounted a general Province,^ containing ]S[ew France,

Mcadie ,Nj)rumbega, and other places, fo under Virginia largely taken, are
comprehended Hew England, Nelp Netherlands, and Virginia properly fo

S Canada

is

V
call'd

and

however,

NeTt?

tations

fince that part

which vulgarly goes under

the

Name

of

Virginia

England were poiTefs'd, if not difcover'd, at feveral times, and their Plan-

promoted and propagated upon

feveral occafions,

and by

diftincl: Interefts,

and fince NeTb England hath been looked upon as a place confiderable enough for
Perfonsof very eminent quality to concern themfelves in it, we rather are induced
to confider this

Countrey

than as any

as a principal part,

being any Branch or Portion of

way depending

on, or

Virginia.

between Norumbeo-a, which it hath Northward, and New Netherlands Southward, horn rorty one to forty five Degrees of Northern Latitude, in the midft of
the temperate Zone, and paralell to France and fome part of Italy in the Weftern
Hemifphere, fo that one would think it fhould enjoy the fame temperature of
Air but the contrary is found, for that part which borders upon the Sea is colder,
It lies

situation of

lmd

partly by reafon that the Sea-waves break the reflexion of the Sun-beams, partly

by reafon of the abundance of Vapors, which mounting upward, abate the ardor
of them but the more Inland parts of the Countrey are indifferently warm:
Moreover it hath been found by certain experience, that thofe Countreys which
j

look towards the Eaft, or Sun-rifing, are colder than thofe which lie towards the
Weft, or Sunrfetting, and thofe that have the Evening Winds on them, warmer
than thofe which have the 'Morning Winds
which being fo, it mould follow,
;

that the temperature of the Air in thofe Regions

of our Nation,

is

peculiar co the Bodies of thofe

who

being accuftom'd to a Climate fomewhat temperate, are neither able to endure extremity of Cold, nor immoderate Heat
Yet there are who
:

affirm, that Nfto England,

though

fituate in the midft

of the temperate Zone, never-

both extremities of the two oppofite Zones, in the

of the Torrid, and in the Winter the cold of the Frigid.
thelefs feels

As

for the

firft

difcovery of this Countrey,

it

is

Summer

the heat

not to be expected otherwife

than

Firft

very.

difes-

a M E'KI C

Ify

A.

Chap.

II.

than that of the difcovery of thofc other Countreys hitherto difcours'd of, that is
to fay very uncertain } but becaufe the French boaft of'Joannes Verra^anus (who though

an

Italian,

was employ'd by the

King

French

Francis the Firft) as the firft Difcoverer

not onely of No vaFrancia, as hath been already intimated, but alio of this Coun*
trey and the adjoyning Coaft and Regions, we fhall not think it impertinent to
give from their own Relations, a brief view of his Voyage, and afterwards a particular Defcription of the Englifh Plantations there,

and of their Tranfa&ions, both

one with another, and between them and the Nations. The Narration of Verra%anus's

I^fof
rra Zan U s.

"

"

Voyage is

as followeth

QN command
in

of the French King

Francis the Firft,

JohnVerr acinus, Jnnoi^i^

fet ting Sail Weft ward from the Canary Ifles,difcover'd a low" American Coaft,
thirty four Degrees North Latitude, inhabited by naked People, which
be*

" hind the Tandy Hills facing the Sea, Manur'd many fruitful Plains. Then Sail" ing a hundred Leagues along the Shore Northerly, he view'd a Countrey full
of
"Vines, which grew up amorigft the Boughs of high Trees
and Sailing up a
" pleafant River, Landed on the Ifland Claudia, full of woody Mountains thence
"he ftood for the main Continent where after having vifited a King, Clad in
" wrought Deer-skin, he Sail'd by a Bay, at whofe Mouth appeared a Pvock in
an
" Inlet, twenty Leagues where appear'd five (mail Ifles, all of them exceeding
" fruitful. After this (being got a hundred and fifty Leagues to the
;

"he found

very falvage

By this time haying

"Sea-Calves.
*

Northward)
People, whofe Heads appear'd through Bearskins and
Terreneuf

on

his

Starboard, he retura'd back to

Diepe.

Thus

far Verra^anus

made fome

difcovery of the Coaft, which hath fince not

onely been farther infpe&ed by the Englifi , but alfo by them Planted
and call'd
NeHf England.
The fetling of
Plantations.

This Countrey, whether

with the

reft

firft

of largely-taken

Captain Gofnald,

difcover'd by

Virginia]

by

the faid Ferra%anw, or together

Sir Walter %akigh , or, as fome fay, by

Year 1601. was fo well known to the EngUJh in the beginning of King James's Reign here, that the fetling and carrying on^of
Plantations
in this part of America, was vigoroufly promoted by many of the
moft eminent
in the

Per-

whereupon it was about the Year i6o6\ being the fourth Year of
King, granted by Patent to feveral Lords, Knights, Gentlemen and
Mer-

fons in England
the faid

chants, under the denomination of The Plymouth tympany, both in

favour of thofe
generous Spirits, who ftudied and endeavored the good of the Publick by
foreign
Plantations, and indulgence to thofe,

who

not well

with the Government

of Church and State, and willingly tranfporting themfelves and
Families thither,
as to their Afylum, could more conveniently be fpar'd
than the better affe&ed part
of the People
And although the Colonies at firft fent over fucceedcd not according to expectation, yet in a fhort time there Plantations
were brought to very great
perfe&ion. Captain We'wiouth, who had been employ'd there
by the Lord
fatisfi'd

Arundel

of Warder,

for the difcovery

of the North- Weft Paftage, falling fhort of his Courfe,

hapned into a River on the Coaft of America, call'd <Pemmaquid from
whence he
5
brought five of the Natives for England, three of whofe Names
were Mannida,
Sketfttarroes^ndTafiuantum, and Landing at (Plymouth, prefented
nando Gorges,

whom

thefe Plantations

them

to Sir Ferdi-

he made ufe of as Instruments for the farther

advancement of
they were all of one Nation, but of feveral
parts, and feveral

he kept them with him three years, and obfervirig in them an

inclination
to vcrmous Dcfigns, arid Spirits above the Vulgar,
he gain'd information

Families

from
them

il

mMM

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

what great Rivers ran up into the Land, what Men of note were feated on
them, what Power they were of, how Ally'd, what Enemies they had, and the
like; and taking fome light from thence, fent away a Ship, furnifh'd with Men,
ihbrri

and

kind of Neceflaries convenient for the Service intended, under the

all

Com-

of Captain Henry Chaloung, a Gentleman of a good Family, and very capable

mand

for Undertakings of this nature

and giving him

fufficient Inftructions

what

to

him two of the faid Natives for his better Conduct and Diordering him by all means to keep the Northerly Gage as high as Cape

do, fent along with

rection,

they had difcover'd the Main, and then to beat

Briton, till

as the

Coaft tended,

which they were

till

Company

affign'd.

By

that time they

fhap'd their Courfe for the

$(icOj

the Captain

took

in

up

to the

were about a hundred Leagues off the

and the Winds being Wefterly,

went afhore

Indies,

and coming to

St. John de Porto

in

Hunting, and other Recreations

Courfe, they were met with by the

Not long

after the fetting

after

Spanifl? Fleet

Prifoners and carried into Spain y the Ship and

overthrown, and the Natives

Company

for the recovery of his Health, whilft the

Water, and fuch other Provisions as they had prefent need

fome time

Southward

they found by the Natives they were near the place to

Ifland of Canara, the Captain fell fick of a Feaver,

his

it

that

and fpent

of,

which fleering their intended

came from the Havana taken
i

Goods being

confifcated, the

Voyage

loft.

out of Chaloung, Thomas Haman was fent by Sir John

Lord Chief Juftice of England, towards the River of Sagadehoc, to the fuccour q( Chaloung, if need were but not finding hirrr, after he had fcowr'd the Coaft

(popham,

about, he return'd back into England.

all

Captain Prinne was likewife fent from

Parts, brought back with

that ever had been gain'd

A while after,
fent to fettle a
Gilbert,

this

at

him
till

who

arriving happily in thofe

moft exact Difcovery of that Coaft

at his return the

then.

the Charge of the faid Sir John Popham,

Colony

at Sagadehoc,

Mafter of the Ship,

River

Brijlol,

who

which attempting

under the

Command

hundred

Men were

of George Popham, Raleigh

feated themfelves in a Peninfula y at the

Mouth of

met with a Wood near to an Ifland,

Degrees, and fome odd Seconds, where they

to difcover, they

from the Line about forty five

eafily went on Shore. In the Year 1 60 8. the Commander of the Colony deceafing,
and not long after him the Lord Chief Juftice^ who had been the chief that had

diftant

furniiVd them with frefh Supplies, they returned tot England in thofe Ships that
At which unexpected return, the Patrons of
had been fent them with Succours
:

the Defign were fo offended, that for a certain time they defifted

from

their Enter-

mean while the French making ufe of this occafion, Planted Colo*
nies in divers places, when Sir Samuel Argal from Virginia difturb'd their Defigns,
and brought away Prifoners all he could lay hold on.
prizes.

In the

Captain Hobfon and divers others were fet out with very great
Preparations, and with them two of the Natives which had been detain'd for
fome time in England, whom they thought to have made ufe of, the better to draw

Suddenly

after

the reft of the Natives to their

Commerce

but becaufe a

little

before twenty four

of them had been treacheroufly dealt with by one Hunt, they contracted from
thence fo great an animofity towards the Engl ifh, that Captain Hobfon was conftrain'd to return

without effecting any thing.

and feek afLanded upon the Ifland of Monahiggan, where he

In the Year 1614. Captain John Smith being fent to

Mines of Gold and Silver,

found fome ftore of Whales, but not fuch
ter

fo

much

as thofe

Fifli

for Whales,

by whofe Oyl they

ufe to

make

profit.
'

out

H-*

MER

CA.

Chap.

II.

About

the fame time (two of the Natives being recovered, Erpenow of Capawkk,
that had efcap'd from Captain Hob/on, and Affacumet of Temmaquid, one
of thofe
that had been taken Plifoners with Qmloung) Captain Harly, with NeccfTaries
convenient for fuch a Voyage, was difpatch'd away by Sir Ferdinando Gorges,thc
Earl

of

Southampton favouring the Deflgn,

Command

under the

Succefs, refolv'd

and furnifhing him with fome LandSoidiers

who

of Captain Hob/on,

not difcourag'd with his former

ill

upon a fecond Adventure.

In the Year 1615, Sir Richard Hakifigs undertook a

authority of the Council of the fecond Colony, but

Voyage into thofe Parts by

by reafon of the great Wars

among

the Natives, his Obfervations could not be fuch as might give any
farther
light than what had been already receiv'd.

Soon after which Captain Dormer coming for England from Ne^found* Land,
and
Landing at Plymouth, apply'dhimfelf to the Governor, by whom he was
difpatch'd
away, with Dire&ion to meet Captain ^ocroft, fent away a little before

but (^0;
being dead by that time Dormer could come after him to Virginia,
where he
heard he was, he returning to Qapawkk, was there fet upon by Erpeno^,
the forcmention'd Salvage, and other Indians that were Confpirators with him
and within
a fhort while after at Virginia, whither he went to be cur'd
of the Wounds he recroft

ceiv'd in that Affaffination, he fell Tick

and died.

About the Year 1623. Captain Robert Gorges, newly come out of the Venetian
War, was employ 'd by the Council of New Englands Affairs as the
LieutenantGeneral, to regulate the Abufes of divers Fiflier.men and other
Interlopers, who
without Licenfc frequented thofe Coafts
for which Service he had aiTign'd to him
all that part of the main Land ficuate upon the
NorthEaft fide of the Bay of the
:

Mejfachafets.

By

thefe feveral Colonies fent fo thick

one

after another, both a full

Difcovery
of the Countrey came to be made, and a large gap open'd to the
free poiTeflion
thereof j yet in regard of the many difappointments and
misfortunes the feveral
Companies fent over met with, and counting the vaft Charges their fetting
forth
coft the Undertakers,

which would have been

Hill increased

by the need of contiin all probability NeTfc England would have been but
thinly peopled
day, had not a great Tide of People, poffefs'd with an
averfion to the

nued Supplies,
to this

Church-Government of England, and

fled into Holland for Liberty

of Conference,

ea-

gerly taken hold of this opportunity to

make themfelves Mailers of their own

Place where they might ereO: a Government fuitable there-

Opinions, and of a
unto
and though at

fome Exceptions taken, as if this Countrey

was to be made a Receptacle of Sectaries, and fuch as condemn'd
the Ecclefiaftical
Government of the Nation, infomuch that Sir Ferdinando Gorges, to whom
they ap*
ply'd themfelves, defiring him to mediate for them
to the Council of JS^ew Englands
:

Affairs,

when

firft

there were

they perceiv'd the Authority they had from the Virginia

Company,

could not warrant their abode there, had enough

to do (notwithftanding his

Apology, That thefe things hapned contrary to his expectation)

to wipe away
loufie which was entertain'd of him, it being
Qrder'd, that no more

the jea-

fliould be fuf.

fer'd to pafs into T^ew England, but fuch

as fhould take the

Supremacy

Oaths of Allegiance and

yet at laft there

was little notice taken who went, perhapstipon confideration, that the vaft refort of People thither
would be of greater advantage to
the Plantations, than their different Opinions, at
fo remote a diftance, could be prejudicial, fo long as they acknowledged Obedience
to the King
:

and Civil Power

However,

Sir Ferdinando,

to clear himfelf the better,

the chief Aftors in the Bufinefs, to refign

their

mov'd

Grand Patent

thofe Lords that were

to the

King, and pafs

particular

Chap.

M E%^I

qJ

II.

C A.

particular Patents to themfelves of fuch part of the

might be

as

by

fufficient for

the Lords,

and

them

Day

To

this

Countrey along the Sea-Coad

Motion there being a genial Affent given

appointed for the conclufion thereof, an

Ad

was made

for the Refignation of the Patent, alioting to each

Man their feveral Bounds. From

theuttermoft parts began the Limits of the Lord SMougraVe,
and ended at Hudfon's
%jVer.
To the Eaftward of which River, for the fpace of fixty Miles in length,
was plac'd the Duke of Richmond's Alignment Next to him was
fetled the Earl
otCarlile: Next him the Lord Edward Gorges: Next the
Marquefs of Hamilton
Then Captain John Mafon And laftly his own, which extended to the
great River
Sagadehoc, being fixty Miles, and foup into the Main Land
a hundred
:

and twenty

Miles, which he waspleas'd to call by the

Name of The froYmce of Main.

of the Englijh in Plymouth Plantation was very
much facilitated by
the great Mortality that hapned amongft the Indians about that
time,
The Landing

amongft the
Tar amines, Wtppanaps, and thofe of Abargmi,
Agijfa^ang,
and <Pockanekie, their Powwows, or Do&ors, feeing with amazement their
'Pecods, Karraganjets, Kianticks
y

Wigwams]
of dead Bodies, and in vain expeding help from Squantam
their
good, or Abhamoch their bad God. Not long before, that blazing Comet,
Co much
talk'd of in Europe, apppear'd after Sun-fetting in their Horizon
South-Weft for the
fpace of thirty Sleeps, (for fo they reckon their Days). They
Landed at firft
with little or no refiftance, a handful of Men onely being fent before
to keep
or Streets,

lie full

Companions, who arriv'd eight days after when the Natives

appearing with their Bowes and Arrows, let flie their long Shafts
amongft them ;
whereupon one Captain cMiles Standijh with his Fowling-piece fliot the
ftouteft
Sachem amongft the Indians, as he was reaching an Arrow from his Quiver
which
the reft feeing, fled into the Woods and Thickets.
The fame Year the Merchant- Jdvenurers in England fent forth ftore of Servants to
provide againftthe Wants of that place,, amongft whom came over
a mix'd MulpolTeffion for their

titude,

who fetled

About

themfelves in the

Bofom of the Cape now

call'd Gloucefter.

Year 1631. there fled to the Englift? at Water.town the Indians that
dwelt
thereabouts, for protedion againft the Tarratines, a fort of cruel and
falvage Cannibals, by whom near the Town ofSauguft, in the very dead
time of the Night, one
Lieutenant Walker being on a fudden alarm' d, was fhot through his
Coat and Buff
Jacket with two Indian Arrows. That Night the Englijh ftood upon their
Guard,
the

and the next Morning fent word to other parts who gather'd together,
and'
taking counfel^how to quit themfelves of thefe Indians, agreed to
difcharge' their
great Guns whofe redoubled noife,ratling in the Rocks,ftruck terror
into the Indians, and caus'd them to betake themfelves to flight. The
Autumn following, others
;

of the

who

then had held a good correfpondence with the Planters, be,

gan to quarrel about the Bounds of their Land but a great Mortality, by
the raging of the SmalUPox, breaking out amongft them, put an end to
Indians,

till

that

verfie

There

chufets, call'd

died,

amongft the

Sagamore John,

who

Contro-

one of the chief of the Sagamores of the Matt abefore his Death had been inftruded in the Cbri-

reft

and took care that his two Sons fliould be nurtur'd therein.
In the Year 1635. there arrived feveral Ships with
great plenty of Provifions,
and many Perfons of good Quality, and amongft the reft Sir Henry
Vane.
The fame Year the People of Cambridge, otherwife call'd l^e^town, hearing of a
fertile place upon the River Canetlico, remov'd
thither,and ereded anew Corporation by the Name o^anetlico, being encouraged thereunto by the
and the
Lord
Lord Srooks^nd planting a Forreft at the mouth of the River call'd it S ay brook Forr
ftian

Faith,

About

the

Year 1638. thzfequods,

^ ftout

eft.

and Warlike Nation, lying to the

South-

a M E %1

H
South- Wed of the

Milts of Hartford
bouts

Mattachufets,

A.

were difcover'd upon

Their coming very much

Women

but they took onely three

their

terrifi'd

the other

II.

March within fome few

all that

and return'd

violent refinance, bad her Brains beaten out

them, without abufing their Perfons, as

Chap.

-inhabited therea-

one of

two

whom

they carried

making a
away with

was fuppos'd they would, for they

efteem'd their own Shales, being black, beyond our Women. Their chief Defign
was to learn to make Gunpowder which feeing they could not effect, they look'd
upon their Prize as nothing fo precious as they imagin'd.
it

another Indian

little after

War threatningthe

EngliJJ?,

they refolv'd together to

fend an Ambaffador to Cannonkus, chief Sachem of the Naraganjits, endeavoring to

prevent him from confederating with the Pequods, who (as they had Intelligence

were about fending to him

fign'd
ture.

to joyn with

them

grown old, had rethe Government to his Nephew Mantmemo, a ftern Man, and of a cruel NaThe Ambafladors arriving at his Court, which was about eighty Miles from
:

Cannonkus being

Bofton, the Indian Prince aflembled his chief Councellors,

and having Entertain'd

the AmbafTadors Magnificently, and Feafted

where the Sachem, to

his State-houfe
;

Ground, with

them Royally, gave them Audience in

manifeft his greater State, lay along upon

Nobility fitting about him, with their Legs doubled up,

and their Knees touching their Chin : The Englifh Interpreter having made his
the

Speech in the

all his

Name

of the

both Cannonkm and the young King gave difcreet

Anfwers, fignifying their Refolutions to keep a fair Correfpondence with the Wlijh, and yet not to fall out with the Tequods
Who a little after making alfo their
reft,

Addreifes to the fame King, he diifwaded them by

with the

and

many Reafons from making War

to deliver into their

hands thofe Perfons that had murther'd

any of them. The fequods nevertheless, though they feem'd inclinable to his Counfel, yet they acted as Enemies; for when the Englifh. fent a Company of
Soldiers
Englifh,

into their Countrey to treat with

made (hew of

them about delivering up the Murtherers, they

willingnefs, but fpying their advantage,

betook themfelves to
their Heels and whomfoever they took ftragling by furprife, they revil'd and
infulted over in a mod cruel manner, vilifying the Qhriftian Religion, and uttering
all
;

the Blafphemies they could invent.

War,

to the

with fome

number of

Whereupon they

fourfcore, out of the feveral

rais'd frefh Souldiers for the

Towns

in the Mattachufets,

and

Guides came to their Fort, within which they had pitch'd their
Wigwams, the Entrance being on two fides, with intricate Meanders to enter at*
Indian

which were plac'd Indian Bowe-men, who fhotthe foremoft of the Englifh* yet they
had little to boaft of in the end, for the Englifh rufhing in throuah the winding
Ways, and placing themfelves round the Wigwams, made a very profperous Shot,
by directing the Muzzles of their Mufquets againft the Indians which lay fleeping
on the Ground In the midft of which rouzing terror and confufion they were
:

defeated with

The Englifh

little

ado, moft of them being either wounded,

thus animated with the

firft

kill'd,

or taken.

Victory, fend their Prifoners to the Pinna-

and profecute the War in Hand, marching againft the next Body of the Indians,
which lay Encamped on a Hill about two Miles diftant, where they gave them
a
fecond Overthrow,ilaying many more than in the firft Engagement the reft
flying
ces,

to a very thick inaccefllble

skulking up and down,

with

their

Swamp

or Bog, were there befieg'd by the Englift

as they faw their opportunity they would Shoot at

Arrows, and then fuddenly

fall flat

along

in the

Water
;

lifh

finding out a Paftage into the

to the

War

In the

with the

lofs

a frefh

and

them

at laft the Eng*

Swamp, utterly defeated them, and put

of few Mens Lives, and not many wounded.

Year 1640. there came over

an end

Supply of People into New England, and

finding

-*-

AMERICA.

Chap. IL
finding

no place

14

any of the former ere&ed Colonies, they re*

fever'd from the Continent ofNe^HaVen, about

to fettle in within

pair'd to a place call'd Long I/land,

iixty Miles off the Sea.

The Year

following the four Colonies, namely the Majfachnfets, Plymouth, Qa*

nettico,&nd lS[e^HaVen, taking into conlideration the many Nations
that were on all
fides of them, as the French, Dutch, Jem, and native Indians
asalfo how the three
5
firft went to lay claim to Lands they never had any right to, and
the laft to be con-

and contending, where they faw any hopes of prevailing, by

Commiffioners chofen from the refpe&ive Colonies, concluded a firm Confederation to afliil each other in all juft-and lawful Wars
upon which there came iri
tinually quarrelling

certain Indian Sachems, as Tomham, Miantonemo, Soccanocoh,

and Uncos,

who

not onely

fubmitted to the English Government, but alfo, if occafion were, in matters of

Controverfie fubmitted to their Arbitration
But the Conteft between cMianto*
:

nemo and Uncos

was too hot to be appeas'd, (though the English were not wanting to
interpofe) unlefs by the Blood of one of them, as will appear by the
Conference
Uncos was a Prince of For, whofe Life Miantonemo , though a much more
potent
:

Prince, fought to take

away by

treachery, hiring a

young Man of

the Tequod

Na*

tomurther him, as the following Story renders fufpecled- for one dark
Evening this Sachem paffing from one Wigwam to another, was Shot throuah the
tion

Arm with an Arrow but recovering the Palace, had the Arrow pull'd out, and
his Arm cur'd
the young Man that was fufpe&ed being examin'd, how he came
;

by that great ftore of Wampompeage which was found about him, and being able to
give no good account, it increas'd the fufpicion, and induced Uncos to complain to
the English at a General Court held at Bofton
Examin'd in the prefence of Miantonemo, who

Man

but the young

Whereupon the young Man was

came thither with his Attendants

by Miantonemo, pretended that Uncos had

enjoyn'd him to feign that he was hir'd by Miantonemo to kill him
To which Tale
tutor'd, as fuppos'd,

of his

little

belief being given,

was concluded upon

Examination of him
in private that he had done the FacT: neverthelefs they let
him depart with Miantonemo, advifing him to fend him hometo Uncos but he in ftead of
returning him cue
off his Head, and forthwith gather'd an Army of a thoufand
Men to fight with
Uncos ; who met him with half the Men
the Battel being joyn'd, the Narraganfets,
though the far greater multitude, were beaten by the Wawhiggins, through the
it

farther

Va-

lour of Uncos their Prince

Perfon of Miantonemo,

who perfected his Viftory by poifeffing himfelf of the

whom, having put his Life-guard to flight, he carried aWay
.

with him in triumph to the Town of Hartford, defiring to have the advice
of the
United Colonies what to do with his Prifoner
Whereupon the Commiffioners
:

having had

fufficient

Uncos to put

him

proof of Miantonemo

treachery towards this Prince, advis'd

to death, but not to exercife that barbarous kind of cruelty

which

ufual

amongft them in thefe Cafes. The Sachem, upon this advice, not long after
pretended to remove him to a fafer place, but by the Way caus'd him to be
Execuis

ted
his

His Subjects and Kindred were troubled at his Death, but the
Neighbors, over whom he had tyrannized, rather rejoycU
:

little

Princes

In the Year 1645. tne Sons of old Canonnicus, their

Father being dead, began to
all into hot Contentions with their
Neighbors, and being forbidden by the United
polonies, they did not flick to threaten Wars to the Englijh
alfo. Whereupon the

Commiffioners

fmrd

Gibbons

Army of Horfe and Foot and made Major General

Commander in Chief over them. But the Indians hearing of this
rais'd

an

Reparation, fent fome of their chief Nobility to the Commiffioners of the United
Colonies, who were affembled at
!Bofton, to Treat about Peace- to which the

Commif-

M E %^l C

\\6

Chap.

A.

II,

they fliould pay a part of the Charges of

CommiiTioners agreed, upon condition
their Sons for Hoftages till the Sum
and that they Oiould fend four of
the War
back before the Wapom was ail paid, the two
was paid'- and the Hoftages being fent

upon the fending

remainder of the Money.

Princes, Teficus and Mexanimo,

mand

fent the

it,

Company

Armed Men

of

to de*

Quality ventur'd their Eftates upon an Iron

In the Year 1647. divers Perfons of
Owners little,tather wafting'
they began at <Bramtree, but it profited the

Mill,which
their'

nature, being double or treble to

Stock, the price of Labor in matters of that

what

it is

in England,

Thefe are the

hapned from

the

mod
firft

material Tranfaftions

difcovery

we

find delivered

the Year before mention'd

till

by any one which

what hath hapned

that have been in

to this, chiefly relates to the feveral Revolutions
come to fpeak of the Gofliall be therefore taken notice of when we

from that time

EmlanL and

vernment of thefe Plantations.

The Commodities
this

Though

of

there are,

remain'd fome time, and been concerned in thofe

who having

fo fruitful as it is believ'd and

Parts, affirm the Soil of t{e England to be nothing
give a brief account of
deliver'd to be, yet we think it not improper to

Coun-

trey,together
with the

commonly

Trees and other forts of

the Trees and other Plants

Plants.

aifo the Beafts, Birds, Fiflies,

and other Commodities

Countrey, efpecially
which moft Writers will have to be the production of this
unknown Writer in the Language
fince we find them compaftly fumm'd up by an
(excepting the Cedar,
ofthcK/. The recital of the Plants and Trees, which
of the fame kind with thofe that grow in EuSaffafras, and Dyers Sumach) are all
many of them declare,
differing in nature, according as the Epithets of
rope,
is

as

onely

follows

in plenty be

Trees both in Hills and Plains

The hng-liv'd Oak, and mournful

SKie-ttftoring fines, and

The

Walnut tough

The %ozen-dropping Fir for Majl inufe i

The 'Boat-men feek for Oars
brittle

light,

Hawthorns

that to be cloven

Which from

Who

twines embracing

Arms

about his Boughs.

neat

grown

Within

this

Indian Orchard Fruits befome

The ruddy Qherry, and

the jetty

Plumb

Snake murthering Hazje, with fweet Saxafrage,

Beer

allay hot FeaVers

The Water<fpungy Alder,good for nought ; {Wafps ;

The Dyers Sbumacb, Kith more Trees

Small Eldern by the Indian Fletchers fought

That are both good

in

to ufe,

and rare

rage

there be,

to fee.

Countrey are the Moofe, the %ackoon, and the Muft

with others comthe two firft Land-Animals, the laft Amphibious, which
to them with us, are thus verfifi'd by the abovefaid Author ;

The

mon

Whofe Leaves

qua]}?

fcorns

the tender Vine oft takes his Spoufe,

The broad-fpread Elm, whofe Cohcaie harbors

Beads.'

(Sprewfe-,

Jfb, the e"Veu trembling Afys

knotty Maple, pallid Birch,

The Horn-bound Tree,

Cypreft Tree

Chefnuts coated rough

lofting Cedar, "frith the

The

The
;

Beafts peculiar to this

'

The

I\ingly Lyon,

The

large limb'd

and the ftrong-arm *d Bear

Moofes,with the tripping Deer

QutlVdarting Porcupines, that P^ackoons be

Qtftled

The

ith* hollo'

of an aged Tree

in the

fh e /,f^

Hare,

T k e Bea

fl.

The grim-fae'd Ounce, and raVnous bowlmgWolf,

Whofe meagre Paunch fucks like afwatloVmg Gulph
Black glittering Otters, and rich Qoated Beaver

The

felf-fame Caftle are,

Of fuch of thefe

skipping Squirrel, Rabbet, purblind

Immured

Foxes fiould,
Left red-ey'd Ferrets, Teily
Them undermine, if%amperd but with SMold

Civet fcented

Mufquash

fmelling eVer.

unknown to us, take thefe brief Defcriptions.

as an Ox.
is not much unlike red Deer, and is as big
a Buck, with a broad Beam, fome being two Yard!

as are altogether

call'd a Moofe,

flow of Foot, Headed like

wide

3hap.

Head,

vide in the

M E %,! C

*A

'IT.

their flefh

is

good

as

as Beef,

A.

their

147
Hides good for Clothing
;

Com-

f thefe were kept tame, and accuflom'd to the Yoke, they would be a great

nodity

becaufe they are fo fruitful, bringing forth three at a time,

Firft,

ikewife very uberous

There

'odder.

Secondly, becaufe they will live in Winter without any

are not

being

many of thefe

in the Majfachufets Bay, but forty Miles to the

<orth-Eaft there are great ftore of them.

"

The

^ackoone

much

a deep Furr'd Beaft, not

is

Fox, as good Meat

Lamb

unlike a Badger, having a Tail

The*fco

Thefe Beafts in the day time lleep in hollow

frees, in a Moon-fhine night they go to feed on Clams at a low Tide, by the
>ea fide, where the Englijh hunt them with their Dogs.
ike a

as a

The Mufymjb is much like a Beaver for

vlale hath two Stones, which fmell as fweet

but nothing near fo big

fliape,

the

^l

as

Musk, and being

kill'd in

M^'

Winter,

Thefe Skins are no bigger than a Coney*skin, yet

being fent for Tokens into England
one good
,re fold for five Shillings apiece
>kin will perfume a whole houfe full of Clothes, if it be right and good.
lever lofe their fweet fmell

The
%e

Birds both

common and

The drowfie Madge

Trincely Eagle, and the [oaring Hat^k,

Vhom

in their

unknown ways

there's none can

Humbird for fome Queens

f/;e

fban

vacant Wildernefs

in the

chawk'

.And loVes

Mate doth ever

That mar

Lark herfoeet

lays

conflant prove

Marfhes haunt*

the long-leg

Crane,

'd

Prefagi?ig Winters hard, and dearth of Grain.

The

To

fmgs.

Silver

Swan

that tunes her mournful breath,

jing the Dirge of her approaching death,

The

tattering Oldwives,

The fearful Gull

rbeTutky-Theafant, Heath-cock/Partridge

the Creeks in morifl?

The bellowing Bittern, with

the harmonious Tbrufr, fwift Tigeon,TurtledoVe,

to her

at reft

to fit,

Vhen as Aurora's Infant day new springs,

Vho

when Day-birds be

Th' EeUmurthering Hearn, and greedy Cormorant,

fwift as Arroyo from Tartarian Bowe.

tlnre th 'morning mounting

to rove,

that leaves her day-lov'd Heft,

rich Qage more fit

(befwift-'toing'd Swallow J weeping to and fro ,

is

Birds

peculiar are thus recited.

rare y

and the cackling Geefe,

that fauns the murthering tyeece.

The ftrong'wing'd Mallard, with

the fumble Teal,

the Qarrion- tearing CroTb, and hurtful Stare,

And ULjhape't Loonjpho his harp Notes dotbfqueal.

The long-UVd tf^aVen, th'ominous Screech-Olvl,

There Widgins, Sheldrakes and Humilitees,

Vho

Snites ,Doppers , Sea-Larks , in whole million fees*

tells,

as old Wives fay, difajlers foul.

Of thefe

the Humbird, Loon, and Humility are not to be pafs'd

by without

parti*

:ular obfervation.

The

Humbird

one of the wonders of the Countrey, being no bigger than a

is

i)ir

]^ ii" m

Wings with Quills, Spi=

ier4ike Legs, fmall Claws for Colour, (lie is as glorious as the Rain=bow
as (he
dies, fhe makes a little humming noife like a Humble-bee, wherefore flie is call'd
Hornet, yet hath

all

the Dimensions of a Bird, as Bill, and

:

Humbird,

the

The
Hie

Loon

is

like a

Cormorant, but

that he can neither

he maketh a noife fometimes like Sowgelders Horn.

plicities

(as

we may

green Plover
plicity
fo

an ilUfhap'd thing

of the fmaller

many

Humilities or Sim-

rather call them) are of two forts, the biggeft being as large as a

the other as big as Birds

The

go nor

forts

of thefe Birds

Sheep, and feeing a

fit

we
,

call IQiots in England,

may

that one

time fhoot them

drive

Such

them on

is

Thei*
The Humi'
litp or Simplicity.

the fim-

a heap like

the living feeing the dead, fettle

themfelves on the fame place again, amongft which the Fowler difekkges again

Thefe Birds are to be had upon Sandy Brakes, at the latter end of Summer before
the

Geefe come

No

lefs

Rivers of

in.

Poetical a Bill of Fare

New

is

brought of the Fifh on the Sea-Coafts and

?

in the

England in thefe fubfequent Verfes,

i be

fnfhes

M E %I

I4S

C'A.

Chap.

II

The Kfing of Waters, the Sea flwuldermg Whale

The fnujfiw Grampus, with the Oily Scale,

With %ainbott> colours, Froftfijh and the Smelt

The^jlorm prej'aging Torpus, Herring-Hog,

Tbejfiotted Lamprons, Eels, the Lamperies

y

Vine-Shearing Shark, the Catfifb, and Sea

The Scale-fenc'd Sturgeon,

The flounfing Salmon,

Dog,

That

ffrry-moutb'd Hollibut,

Codfifb, Greedigut

Cole .Plad dock >Hage jhe

.As good a* ever

Thomback^and

Whofe flimy outfide makes him J eld

feekfreft?

Water-Brooks with Argus Eyes,

Thefe watery Villagers, with thoufands more

y

Do pafs and repafs

in date,

near the "Verdant Shore.

Kinds of

the Scate,

Shell-fifh.

Tl?e lufciom Lohfier, with the Qrabfish

The ftately Baft, old Neptune's fleeting (poft,

That Tides it out and in from Sea to Coajl,

The

Conforming Herrings, and the honny Shad,

Which

Big-belly d Alewiyes, Mackrills richly clad

To dive

raw,

brinish Oyfter, Mufcle, Teriwigge,

JndTortoife fought for by

to the Flats

the

Indian Sqaw,

dance many a Winters Jigge,

for Codes, and to dig for Clams,

Whereby her
Theses

Lady Guftus felt.

la^ie

Husbands guts

she crams.

To {^ak

of the moft unufual of thefe forts of Fifli

Firit the Seal, which it
call'd the Sea-Calf^ his Skin is good for divers ufes, his Body being between Flefli
and Fifh, it is not very delectable to the Palate, or congruent with the Stomack
;

The

Shark,.

is

very good to burn

if

he be not very circumfpect

Lamps, of which he affords a great deal.

The Shark is a kind of Fifli as big as a Man, fome as big as a Horfe, with three
rows of Teeth within his Mouth, with which he fnaps afunder the Fifhermans
his

Oil

Lines,

in

This

over board, and with his Teeth fnap off a

good

thefe are often taken, being

Jhe Hollibut.

Mans hand if it be
Mans Leg or Hand if he be SwimmingFifli

will leap at a

for nothing but

Manuring of Land.
The Hollibut is not much unlike a Pleaceor Turbut, fome being two yards long,
and one wide, a Foot thick the plenty of better Fifli makes thefe of little efteem
except the Head and Finns, which Stew'd or Bak'd is very good
thefe Hollibuts be
}

by while

little fet

The

The Baft.

Bajfe

is

Bajfe

is

in feafon.

one of the beft

Countrey

Fiflies in the

and though

Men

are foon

weary'd with other Fifli, yet are they never with Bajfe } it is a delicate fine fat fail
Fifli, having a Bone in his Head which contains a Sawcerful of Marrow fweet

II

and good, pleafant to the Palate, and wholfom to the Stomack When there be
great ftore of them, we only eat the Heads
and Salt up the Bodies for Winter
which exceeds Ling or Haberdine Of thefe Fiflies fome are three, and fome four
at fome Tides a Man may catch a dozen or
Foot long, fome bigger, fome leffer
:

twenty of thefe

The

it

way

into the Sea, the Fifli biting at

them is with Hook and Line :

which he fafteneth a piece of Lobfter,

to catch

it

he pulls her to him, and knocks her

the head with a Stick.

Jlewives are a kind

Mtftives.

the
;

Fiflierman taking a great Codeine, to

throws

on

hours

in three

of

Fifli

which

is

much

like a

Herring, which in the later end

of April come up to the frefh Rivers to Spawn, in fuch multitudes

credible,

pre/Ting

up

in fuch fliallow Waters as will fcarce permit

having likewife fuch longing

defire after the frefli

Water Ponds,

as is

almoft

them
that

to

in-

Swim,

no beatings

with Poles, or forcive agitations by other devices, will caufe them to return to the
Sea, till they have call their Spawn.
Ctamms
Clamps.

of

Clamms of Clamps, are a Shell-fifli not much unlike a Cockle, they lie under the
Sand , and'uave every one of them a round hole to take Air, and receive Water at. When the Tide ebbs and flows, a Man running over thefe Clamm banks will

prefendy be made

Thefe

Fiflies

Commodity

wet, by their fpouting of Water out of thofe fmall holes:

are in great plenty in moft places of the Countrey, which is a areat
for the feeding of Swine, both in Winter and Summer
for being
all

once

Chap.

If.

M E%^I C

A.

once us'd to thofc places, they will repair to them

14.9
duly every Ebb, as

as

if

they

In fame places. of the Countrcy there be Clamms

were driven to them by Keepers
as big as a Peny white Loaf, which are great Dainties amongft the Natives, and
would be in great efteem amongft the Englisji, were it not for better Fifli.
:

Other Commodities which

this

Countrey

is

faid to yield, are, in

down-right

Profe, Furrs, Flax, Linnen, Iron, Pitch, Mails,, Cables, and fome ouantity of

Am-

what many Authors have confented to affert concerning t{ew England be not a mcer Fiction, what e're hath been armirfd of the unfruitfulnefs of the
Country will demonftrably be found invalid.
There are alio to be found here fome hurtful Creatures of which , that
ber

fo that if

Noxioui

d- eatures.f

which is moil injurious to the Perfon and Life of a Man is the Rattle Snake
which is generally a yard and a half long, as thick in the middle as the fmall of a
Mans Leg; flie hath a yellow Belly, her Back being fpotted with black, rufTet,
at her Tail is a Rattle, with which
yellow, and green colours, plac'd like Scales
ihe makes a noife when fhe is molefted, or when (lie feeth any approach near her
her Neck feems to be no thicker than a Mans Thumb, yet (he can fwallow a
Squirril, having a great wide Mouth, with Teeth as (harp as Needles, wherewith
flie biteth fuch as tread upon her, her Poyfon lyeth in her Teeth, for fhe hath no
Sting. ;,When any Man is bitten by any of thefe Creatures, the Poyfon fpreads fo
-

fuddenjy through the Veins, and fo runs to the Heart, that in one hour

Death, unlefs he hath the Antidote to expel the Poyfon, which

is

it

catifeth

Root call'd
Root apply'd
a

which muft be champ'd, the Spittle fwallow'd, and the

to the Sore
this is prefent Cure againft that which would be prefent death without it
This Weed is rank Poyfon, if it be taken by any man that is not bitten/
whofoever is bitten by thefe Snakes, his fleili becomes as fpotted as a Leopard, un-

Snake-weed,

til

he be perfectly cur'd.

will die, and

if the

It is

reported, that if the Party live that

Party die, the Snake will

dangerous Animal, yet nothing fo bad

whereas

faid to kill a

it is

matter, for

it is

Man

with

its

This

live.

as the report

breath, and that

is

is

a moll:

goes of
it

bitten, the

can

it

flie,

Snake

Poyfonous and
in England

there

is

for

no fuch

naturally the moil fleepy and unnimble Creature that lives, never

offering to leap or bite any

Man,

if it

be not trodden on

firfl
;

and

their defire

it is

where the Sun may (hine on them, where they will

fleep fo foundly, that I have known four Men flride over one of them, and never
five or fix Men have been bitten by them, which by ufing of Snakeweed
awake it
in hot weather to lie in Paths,

were

all cur'd,

never any yet loilng his

being cut in divers places,and

Switch will

eaftly kill

one of

this

life

Weed

Cows have been

by them.

bitten, but

thru ft into their flefri,were cur'd

thefe Snakes.

many

In

places of the

A fmall

Country there be

none of them as at Plymouth 2\(rt>- o'&n, Igowamme, Nahant, &c. In fome places they
will live on one fide of the River, and fwimming but over the Water, as foon as
they are come into the Woods, they turn up their yellow Bellies and die. Up into
the Countrey, Weftward from the Plantations, is a high Hill, which is cMd Rattle*
Snake-Hill, where there are great ftore of thefe Poyfonous Creatures.
There are likewife troublefome Flies.
,

Firfl there

is

wild Bee or Wafp, which

commonly

by Cobweb habitation amongft the Leaves

much
fetch
are,

unlike our Horfe-Flies in England

Blood

either of

Man

or Beaft

Moneth

bigger than a Flea

6ijun'e.

The

her biting catifeth

Flie,

not

they will nipp fo fore, that they will

and are

third

Secondly a great green

mod

which brings them from out of the Woods

but for the

guards the Grape, building

troublefome where moft Cattel

to the

Houfes

this Flie continues

;

no
an itching upon the Hands or Face, which
is

Gurnl^er, which

is

a fmall black Flie,

provoketh

II

M E%1 C

150

Chap.

A.

this Flie
provoketh fcratching, which is troublefome to fome
Mornings or Evenings, and continues not above three Weeks

is

The

heat expels them.

England-

in places

ry few.

In the

Wood

which

is

a Musketor,

where there

is

no thick Woods or Swamps,

is

there are

Plantations they are troublefome for the

decaying they vanifh

Thefe

cannot endure

Flies

The nature
of the ancient
Inhabitants.

As touching

the

whereupon

firft

Wind,

year, but the

heat or cold, fo

many that

and Hands fwell.

their Faces

Nature of the ancient Inhabitants, they are

cording to their feveral Shires or Divifions

or

none or ve-

that thefe are only troublefome in clofe thick Weather,and againft Rain,
are bitten will fall a fcratching,

Wind

not unlike to our Gnats in

fourth

new

bufic but in clofe

the leaft

II.

to be confider'd ac-

thofe that inhabit to the Eaft and

North-Eaft bore the name of Cburchers and Tarrenteens thefe in the Southern parts
were call'd Tequods, and JS(arraganfets] thofe Weftward, Conneciacuts and Mowhacks ;

to the Norths Weft, of

The nature
of the

Mow-

whom

were the

Jberginians.

The MoTbhacks were ever accounted a cruel bloudy People, which were wont to
come down upon their poor Neighbors, with more than bruitifh Savagenefs, fpoil*
ing their Corn, burning their Houfes, flaying Men, ravifhing Women, yea very
Qmibals they were, fometimes eating on a Man one part after another before his
Face, and while yet living; infomuch, that the very
ftrike the

Heart of a poor Jberginian dead,

till

Name

of a MoTthack. would

they had the Englifr on their fides to

inhumane Homicides confefs. that they dare not meddle

with a white Fac'd Man, accompany'd with his hot-mouth'd Weapon.
Thefe Indians are a People of tall Stature , long grim Vifages (lender Wafted,
fuccor them

for thefe

and having exceeding great Arms and Thighs, wherein they fay their ftrength
lieth
which is fuch, that one of them hath been known to kill a Dog with a fillip of his Finger, and afterwards to have Head and fod him, and eat him to his Dinner e They are fo hardy, that they can eat fuch things as would make other Indians
5

look upon

fick to

being deftitute of

and Flern, they fuffice Hunger and main*

but that which they moft hunt after, is

Fifli

Nature with the ufe of Vegetatives

the flefli of Man Their cuftom is, if they get a ftranger near their Habitations,not
to Butcher him immediately, but keep him in as good plight as they can, feeding
tain

him with
Thefe

the beft Victuals they have.

Indians are

more

defperate in

Wars than

the other Indians,

which proceeds

not only from the fiercenefs of their Natures, butalfo in that they know themfelves
to be better Arm'd and Weapon'd 5 all of them wearing Sea Horfe Skins and Barks
of Trees,

made by

their

Art as impenetrable,

it is

thought, as Steel, wearing Head*

which they March fecurely and undantedly, running,

Hadree Hadree fuccomee fuccomee, We come me come to fuck your

Pieces of the fame, under

and

fiercely crying out,

tBlood t not

fearing the feathered (hafts of the ftrong-arm'd

headftrong Stallions, beat them

hand

Javelins, being all the

fight.

Tamahawks are Staves

down

Bow*men

but like unruly

with their right-hand Tomahawks, and

left-

Weapons which they ufe, counting Bowes a cowardly

of two Foot and a half long, with knobs at one end as

a Javelin is a fhort Spear, headed with fharp Sea-;

round and big as a Foot ball
Horfe Teeth one blow or thruft with thefe fharp Weapons, will not need a fecond
5

to haften death
ofth
IheiZZZ
inhabiting

ait ward.

from

e Tarre?itee?is

Mowhacks arm.

faving that they eat not

cruel than thefe Cannibals

many

friendfliip to

flefli

are little lefs Salvage

and

our Indians do fear them as their deadly Enemies, for fo

of them as they meet,they

tural difpofition,

Mans

kill.

Take

thefe Indians in their

and they are reported to be wife

one another, true

in their

own

proper and na*

lofty=fpirited,

conftant in

promife, and more induftrious than

many

others,

The

AMERICA.

hap. II.

The

151

Vequants are a dately Warlike People, jud and equal in their dealings

ture

not

quods
J^l^Z

reacherous either to their Country-men, or

)us

being the Store*houfe of

Thefe

hem.

except in time of

and

ITTOi-

,f"

Their next Neighbors the Narraganfecs, are

numerous People ih thole Parts, the moll rich alfo s and the moll indudri*

mod
;

whom

were not any ways uncivil.

y/ar) they

he

to

Etiglijh,

Men

all

fuch kind of wild Merchandize as

is

aniongd

are the moll curious Minters of their IVampompeage and

Mbw-

which they form out of the inmoll Wreaths of Periwinkle-fliells. TheNor:hern, Eadern, and Wellern Indians fetch all their Coyn from thefe Southern Mintmkes,

Vladers.

From hence

mod

they have

of their curious Pendants and Bracelets,from

which will hold a quarter of an Ounce

)f Tobacco, which they make with Steel Drills and other Indruments- fuch is
;heir Ingenuity and dexterity, that they can imitate the E?igliJkbAo\d fo accurately,
:hat were it not formatter and colour, it were hard to didinguifh them
they
lence they have their great Stone Pipes

nake them of green, and fometimes of black Stone

they are

much dehYd of our

5/J/frTobacconids, for their rarity, drength, handfomnefs, and coolnefs.

Hence

iikewife our Indians had their Pots, wherein they us'd to feeth their Victuals before
:hey

knew

:heir

time

the
in

of Brafs.

life

Since the Englifi came, they have employed

mod

catching of Beavers, Otters, and MuJ"quashes, which they bring

back loaden with

into the Bay, returning

of

down

Commodities, of which they

English

make double profit, by felling them to more remote Indians, who are ignoranc
at what cheap rates they obtain them, in comparifon of what they make them pay,
fo making their Neighbors ignorance their enrichment
They were never known
:

hand any Martial Enterprize, or expofe themfelves to the

wherefore the Tequants call them Womendike Men, reding
uncertain events of War
fecure under the conceit of their popularity, and feeking rather to grow rich by indudry, than famous by deeds of Chivalry.
to be defirous to take in

Mod

of thefe Northward

between

and

Foot high.draight
Bo*
O
O
dy'd, drongly compos d, fmooth Skin'd, merry Countenanc'd, of Complexion
Indians are

five

fix

more fwarthy than

Haif d, high Foreheaded, black Ey'd,

the Spaniards., black

out*

Nos'd, broad Shouldered, brawny Arm'd, long and flender Handed, out Breaded,
fmall

Waded, lank

Belly'd, wellThigh'd, flat Kneed, with

handfome grown Legs,

and fmall Feet In a word, take them when the Blood skips in their Veins, when the
Flefh is on their Backs, and Marrow in their Bones, when they frolick in their antique Deportments and Indian Podures, they are more amiable to behold (though
:

many

onely in Adam's Livery) than

trim Gallant in the

newed Mode

and

though their Houfes are but mean, their Lodging as homely, Commons fcant, their
Drink Water, and Nature their bed Clothing, yet they dill are healthful and ludy.

Their fmooth Skins proceed from the often anointing of their Bodies with the Oyl
of Fimes, and the fat of Eagles, with the greafe of ^achoons, which they hold in

Summer

bed Antidote to keep their Skin from blidering with the fcorching
and the fured abrafour of the
it is their bed Armor againd the Musketoes ,
Sun
and dops the Pores of their Bodies againd the nipping Winters
hairy Excrement
cold. Their black Hair is natural, yet is brought to a more Jetty colour by Oylthe

ing,

Dying, and daily dreffing

fometimes they wear

in a loofe difheverd

Womaniih manner,

Horfe Tail, bound

clofe

it

very long, hanging

down

otherwife ty'd up hard and fhort like a

makes it grow the fader

they are not a little Phantadical in this particular y their Boys being not permitted to wear their Hair long till fixteen years of Age, and then they mud come to it
fome being cut with a long foretop, a long lock on the Crown, one
by degrees
the
of each fide of his Head, the red of his Hair being cut even with the Scalp
young
with a

fillet,

which they

fay

Th nature
and complexino f he '1.

M ERIC

young Men and

Soldiers wear their Hair long

thus proud of the Hair of their

him an

But though they are

Head, you cannot wooe them to wear it on their

it

English

Mans

Baftard that hath but the appearance of a Beard.

The Cloathing of

The AppaOrna-

the other beino-

no fooner grows, but it is ftubb'd up by the roots, for they count

an unufeful, cumberfome, and opprobrious excrement, iniomuch as they call

Chins, where
as

fide

torture the Wits of the moft exact Barber to imitate.

would

it

on the one

II.

other cuts they have as their Fancy leads them, which

Screw

cut fhort like a

Chap,

A.

the Indians

is

only a pair of Indian Breeches to cover their

fe

rel,

ments, Painting', an

which

cret Parts,

is

other

artificial

Deckings of
the Indians.

but a piece of Cloth a yard and a half long, but becween their

Groins, ty'd with a Snakes Skin about their middles, one end hanging
a flap before, the other like a tail behind.

them wear Leather Drawers,

with Buttons

Hide
thefe

fome

like Irish

Winter time

the

more Aged of

Troufes, faften'd under their Girdle

likewife of their

Skins about them, in

own

making, cut out otzMoefes

form of an Irish Mantle, and of

are Bears Skins, Moofes Skins,and Beaver Skins few'd together others Ot}

Skins,and %ackoon Skins

ter

form

They wear Shooes

many of them wear

in

In the

down with

Skin, like a large Muff,

moft of them

which he

in the Winter

fhifts to that

Arm

having

which

his

deep Furr'd Cat

mod

lieth

expos'd to

Wind. Although they are poor, yet is there in them the iparks of natural
Pride, which appears in their longing defire after many kind of Ornaments, wearing Pendants in their Ears, in form of Birds, Beafts, and Fifhes, CatVd out of
Bone, Shells, and Stcne, with long Bracelets of their curious wrought Wampompeave
and Mowhacfoesy which they put about their Necks and Loins
thefe they count a
rare kind of Decking; many of the better fort bearing upon their Cheeks certain
Pourtraitures of Beafts, as Bears, Deers, Moofes, Wolves, t?u fome of Fowls, as of
Eagles, Hawks, &c. which is not a fuperficial Painting, but a certain hiciiion, or
the

elfe a railing

of

their

Skin by a fmall fiiarp Inftrument, under which they convey

a certain kind of black unchangeable Ink, which makes the defiYd form apparent

and permanent.

Arms and
ing Irons

deem
But

it)

Others have certain round Impreflions

or

Whether

Arms

thefe be Foils to illuftrate their unparalleled

to blazon their antique Gentility,

Humbird

Plume, Moiohackees

ing his Loins, his

Lacquies

the outfide of their

Breads, in form of Mullets or Spur^rowels, which they imprint by .fear-

a Segamore with a

for his

down

at his

Bowe in

in his

Pendant,

eafily

a black

as

they

be determin'd

Hawk

on

his

Head

Gold Chain good More of V/ampompeage begirtHand, his Quiver at his Back, with fix naked Indian

for his
his

Ear for

cannot

Beauty

Heels for his Guard, thinks himfelf

little

Inferior to the great

Qham.
In Winter time they have all

Their Diet,

Cookery,
Meal-times,

ani Hofpitality at their

Land and W aBeans and Clamms in theSum

manner of Fowls and

Pond -fifli, with Cathaires and other Roots, Indian

mer they have all manner of Sca-fifh, with all forts of
ter,

Beafts of the

For the orderinj

Berries.

Kettles.

of their Victuals, they Boil or Roaft them, having large Kettles w hich they Traded
for with the French long fince, and do ftill buy of the Engltjb as their need requires,
before they had fubftantial Earthen Pots of their own making. Their Spits are no
T

other than cloven Sticks, fharpen'd atone end to thruft into the ground
into
;
thefe cloven Sticks they thruft the Flefh or Fifli they would have Roafted, behem-

ming

round

with a dozen of Spits at a time, turning them as they fee occafion. They feldom or never make Bread of their Indian Corn, but feet he it whole
like Beans, eating three or four Corns with a mouthful of Fifii or Flefh, fomea

fire

Meat fitft,and Corns after, filling the Chinks with

mer, when their Corn is fnent,Sqouterfqua6bes is their beft Bread,
times eating

Fumpion

But

as all arc fellows at Foot- ball, Co

they

all

Sumyoung

their Broth. In

a Fruit like a

meet Friends

at the

Kettle,

Chap.

<iA

II.

M BTZ^I

C A.

ir

faving their Wives, that Dance a SpanieUike attendance at their Backs

for
their Fragments, If their occasions caufe them to Travel, the bell: of their
Victuals
their
journey is Nocake, (as they call it) which is nothing but Indian Corn
for
tie,

Ames

parch'd in the hot

the Allies being lifted

from

afterwards beaten to

it, it is

Powder, and put into a long Leathern Bag, trufs'd at their Back like a Knapfack,
out of which they take thrice three Spoonfuls a day, dividing it into three Meals,
If it be Winter,and Snow be on the ground, they can eat when they pleafe, making
ufeof Snow for their Drink in Summer, they mult (lay till they meet with a
Spring or Brook
with this ftrange r-ji a ticum they will travel four or five diys together.
They keep no SetMeals, their Store being fpent, they champ on the Bit,
;

till

they meet with frefh Supplies, either from their

who

induftry,

trudge to the Clam.banks

when

all

own

endeavors, or their Wives

other means

fail.

Though

they

are fometimes fcanted, yet are they as free as Emperors, both to their Countrey*
men and English, be he ftranger , or near acquaintance counting it a great difcour;

not to eat of their high-conceited Delicates.

telie,

Their hardinefs

much

to be admir'd,

no ordinary pains making them fo much

as alter their countenance
beat them, whip them, punch them, if they put on a
refolution, they will not winch for it
whether it be their benumm'd infenfible*
v

is

^Sf

nefs of fmart,

or their hardy refolutions,

is

hard to refolve
;

It

might be

a Terillm

Rack might force an out-cry from them , but a Turkish drubbing

would not move them the unexpected approach of a mortal Wound by a Bullet, Arrow, or Sword, rtriking no more terror, nor caufing no more
exclamation
in them than if it had been a (hot into the body of a Tree
fuch Wounds as would
his Bull,

or the

be fudden death to an English

Man

would be nothing

to them
whether it be,
by their rare skill in the ufe of Vegetatives,or by Diabolical Charms,they cure
them neverthelefs, the very name and thoughts of death is fo. hideous to them, or
any thing that prefents it fo terrible, that a hundred of them will run from two or
,

that

three arm'd with Guns.

budge from

their

much fear,

they

own

Night they need not to be feared, for they will not

Dwellings, for fear of their Jhamacho (the Devil) whom
In the

fpecialiy in evil enterprizes, they will rather lie

than go a quarter of a Mile in the dark to their

freed

from

this

Scarecrow

fince the

own

coming of the

Dwellings

English,

by an

English fire

but they are well

and

lefs

care for his de-

it is

the

cuftomof

lufions.

Now
Kings to

for the matter of

Government amongft them

their

ofthm-

Son always taking the Kingdom after his Fathers death. If vSent*
there be no Son, then the Queen rules if no Queen, the next to the Blood-Royal
StaJS?
who comes in otherwife, is but counted an ufurping Intruder, if his fair carriage
inherit,

the

bear him not out the better, they will foon Unfcepter him. Some lay the chief
<Powahe is next in Dignity and Authority to the King,and when he dies,
Marries the
Squafachem,oi Queen.
m

The Kings have no Laws to Command by, nor have they any annual Revenuesyet commonly are they fo either fear'd or belov'd, that half their Subje&s eflate is
at their Service,

better

him

known

and

their Perfons at his

than by any thing

glorious in the view of his

Command, by which Command

he

is

though he hath no Kingly Robes to make

Subjects, nor daily Guards to fuccor his Perfon,nor
elfe

for

Court-like attendance, nor fumptuous Palaces

;

yet do they yield all fubmiffive

fubje&ion to him, accounting him their Soveraign

going at his Command, and
;
coming at his Beck, not fo much as expoftulating the caufe, though it be in mat*
ters

thwarting their wills

fect

what

his

Prince

he being accounted a difloyal Subject that will not ef-

Commands.

Whoioever

is

known

to PlotTreafon, or to lay

violent

*I

154-

ME

violent hands on his lawful King,

is

TK

I C A.

Chap.
Once

preiently Executed.

II.

Year he takes

his

Progrefs, accompanied with a dozen of his beft Subjects, to view his Countrey, to

good Orders. When he enters into any of their

Houfes, without any more Complement, he is defrYd to fit down on the Ground,
(for they ufe neither Stools nor Cufhions) and after a little refpite all that are prefent come in, and fit down by him, one of his Seniors pronouncing an Oration
gratulatory to his Majefty for love, and the many good things they enjoy under
his peaceful Government.
A King of large Dominions hath his Vice-Roys, or inferior

and

himfelf,

recreate

eftablifh

Kings under him, to agitate

and keep

his State Affairs,

good

his Subjects in

how to diftinguifh them by Name is fomething difficult. For their Laws, as their Vices come fliort of many other Nations,
fo they have not fo many Laws, though they are not without fome, which they in.
Decorum. Other

Officers there are, but

>

upon notorious Malefactors, as Traitors to their Prince, inhumane Murtherers, and, fome fay, Adulterers
for Theft, as they have nothing to fteal worth the
flict

Life of a

Man,

more precious in the Eye of his

away upon fo fleight a matter.
apprehended,

no

therefore they have

Law to

Execute for Trivials, a Subject being

Prince, than, where

Men

are fo fcarce, to be caft

Malefactor having deferv'd Death, and being

brought before the King, and fome other of the wifeft Men, where

Is

they enquire out the original of the thing, after proceeding by aggravation of Cif-

cumdances he
is

is

Jbund Guilty, and Caft by

Condemned and Executed

in,

who

OftheirMar-

in the following

blindfolds the Party^

Tamahauke, or Club

Now

which ddne,

may have two

Doctors,

having butone

fets

him

When

Maid

or

Widow,

he be

at his

in the publick

his Friends

The

Executioner comes

view, and Brains him with a

bury him.

or three Wives, but feldom ufe

which difproves

apiece.

manner

fomething of their Marriages, the Kings and the

to fpeak

riages.

the Jury of their ftrict Inquifition, he

Man

hatha

after, the

Men

it,

Marry, he

defire to

firft

never to part
their

Of

their

Worfhip,

Iri-

vocations,and

Conjurations.

till

is

good will of the

and for himfelf, if

made, her Dowry of

every Marriage hath a Fathom of

difpofing,and if the King will, the Match

Wampompeage, which

is

about the value of feven or eight millings) joyns

Death, unlefs

(lie

Wives

gets the

confent of her Friends for her part

Wampompeage paid, the Sagamore or King (who for

Rank

of ordinary

the report, that they had eight or ten

own

ToTffcoTPs, or great

prove a Whore, for which they

Hands,

their

may

put

away

Wives.

As

it is

natural to all Mortals to worfhip fomething, fo do thefe People, but ex-

actly to defcribe to

acknowledge
mocco,

fome

whom

efpecially

their Worfliip

two,

Ifytan,

fay Squantum, their evil

is

fome

God

chiefly bent,

is

fay Tantum, their

very difficult

Heathens did to Ceres) after their Garners be full with a good Crop.

wife Invocate

this

God

recovery of their Sick

for fair

W eather,

for

Rain

in

They

good God, and Hoba*

to Jfy tan they Sacrifice (as

the ancient

They

like-

time of Drought, and for the

but if they do not hear them, then they verrifie the old

Verfe, Flettere ft nequeo Superos Jcheronta moVebo, their Tonoivs betaking themfelves
to their Exorcifmes and Necromantick
ftrange things, if

we may

Charms, by which they bring

believe the Indians ,

who

to pafs

report of one Tiffacamiaiv, that he

could make the Water burn, the Rocks move, the Trees dance, and metamorphofe
himfelf into a flaming Man. In Winter, when there is no green Leaves to be got,

Ames of an old Leaf, calcin'd and put into the Water, produce a new green Leaf And of a dead Snakes Skin, a living Snake, both to be
feen^ felt and heard. The manner of their action in their Conjuration is thus
The Parties that are lick or lame being brought before them, the VowTvow fitting
he would out of the

down, the

reft

of the Indians giving attentive audience to his Imprecations and Invocations,

db-fcmi

:hap.

AMERICA.

II.

ocations, and after the violent expre/Tion of

makes a

12 he

and then

flop,

;hich done, the

Tonoty

all

ftill

many a

155

hideous bellowing and groan-

the Auditors with one voice utter a (hort Canto

proceeds in his Invocations, fometimes roaring like

'

Bear other times groaning like a dying Horfe, foaming at the Mouth like a chad Boar, fmiting on his naked Breft and Thighs with fuch violence, as if he were
nad

will he continue fometimes half a day, fpendinghis Lungs, fweating

Thus

Body

Wor(hip e Sometimes the

evil, for requital of their Worfhip, recovers the Party, to nuzzle them up in
heir devillifh Religion. But fince the Englijh (upon whom, and in whofe prefencc
iut his

is

Fat, and tormenting his

in this diabolical

Towwows could never work

laid the

their Witchcrafts) frequented thofe Parts,

hey daily fall from his Colours, relinquishing their former Fopperies, and acknowledge the Power of the EngUJh-mo.n s God, as they call him. And it is reported
fo tradable to the Qmflian Religion, that
>f them, that at the very firft they were
hey would fay King James was good, and his God good, but their Tanto nought,
hough of their two Gods he was accounted the good one.
They ufe no other Weapons in War than Bowes and Arrows, faving that their

thdr
rs

Captains have long Spears, on which, if they return Conquerors, they carry the
Heads of their chief Enemies that they flay in the Wars, it being the Cuftom to

home

Wives and Children, as

true tokens of their renowned Victory. When they go to their Wars, it is their
Cuftom to paint their Faces with diverfity of Colours, fome being all black as Jet,
fotne red, fome half red and half black, fome black and white, others fpotted with
:ut offtheir

Heads, Hands and Feet, to bear

to their

divers kinds of Colours, being alldifguis'd to their Enemies, to

terrible to their Foes, putting
peage, to

on likewife

and Watnpom*
Children, Wives and

their rich Jewels, Pendents,

mind that they Fight not onely

put them in

make them more

for their

Lives but likewife for their Goods, Lands and Liberties. Being thus Arm'd with
this Warlike Paint, the antique Warriors make towards their Enemies in a diforder'd manner, without any Soldierlike Marching, or Warlike Poftures, being deaf
to any word of Command, ignorant of falling off or on, of doubling Ranks or

winged Shaftfmen without either fear or wit Their Artillery being fpent, he thathath no Arms to Fight, finds Legs to run away.
They have two forts of Games, one call'd Puim, the other Hubbub, not muchun- S^Slof
aftmty
like Cards and Dice, being no other than Lottery. Vuim is fifty or fixty fmall Bents
Files,

but

let

Hie their

of a Foot long, which they divide to the number of their Gamefters, muffling them
he that hath more than his Fellow, is fo
firft between the Palms of their Hands
much the forwarder in his Game Many other Whimfies be in this Game, which

would be too long

to

commit

He

to Paper.

that

is

a noted Gamefter hath a Hole

in his Ear, wherein he carries his fuims in defiance of his Antagonists.

five fmall

in a fmall

Bones

fmooth Tray

the

Bones be

like a

Hubbub

is

Die, but iomething

which they place on the

Ground, againft which violently thumping the Platter, the Bones mount,changing
colours with the windy whisking of their Hands to and fro 5 which action in that

flatter,

black

on

the one fide and white on the other,

much
Hub Hub, Hub

ufe,

The

all

fport they
,

Bones being

fmiting themfelves on the Breaft and Thighs, crying out

they

may

black or white

is

nothing

Man

takes

it.

Will lofe fometimes

all

the next

quarter of a Mile off:

of one colour,
four of a colour, and one
if three

fingleGame

Man

wins he keeps the Tray, but if he loofe

They are fo bewitch'd with thefe two Games, that they
they have Beaver, Moofe*$k'ms, Kettles, Wamfompeage, Mo~

fo
;

this

afford but a

and two of another, then they

differing,

Game a
make a double Game

be heard play at

long

whacks, Hatchets, Knives, all

as the

ii

confifcate

by

thefe

two Games,

For their Sports of

ion

AMERICA.

Chap. IF

commonly but three or four, as Football, Shooting, Running, and

when they play Countrey againft Countrey, there are rich Goals, all

action they have

Swimming

behung with Wampompeage,

Mofbbacks, Beaver Skins, and black Otter Skins

Goals are a Mile long plac'd on the Sands, which are

even as a Board

as

Their

their Ball

no bigger than a Hand-ball, which fometimes they mount in the Air with their
naked Feet, fometimes it is fway'd by the multitude, fometime alio it is two days
is

before they get a Goal, then they

Before they come to

next day.

mark
this

the

Ground they win, and begin

Sport they paint themfelves, even as

man

they go to War, in policy to prevent future mifchief, becaufe no

him

that

mov'd

fhould

away

his patience, or accidentally hurt his Perfon, taking

cafion of ftudying revenge.

there the

Arms

Before they begin, their

are put off,

when
know

the oc-

and hunp-

upon fome neighboring Tree, after which they make a long fcrowl on the Sand,
over which they fhake Hands, and with loving Hearts fcuffle for Victory. While
the Men Play, the Boys Pipe, and the Women Dance and Sing Trophies of their
Husbands Conquefts all being done, a Feaft fummons their departure.
;

Such

is

their dexterity in Shooting, that they can hit a

Pigeon, without a (landing paufe or left=ey*d blinking

between their Fingers and the Thumb;

their

Bowes

not killing at above fixer feven fcore diftance

running Hind, or
;

draw

their

Arrows

are quick, but not very ilrooc?,

Shooting

they

fly in

a trick with fwift conveyance to fhun the Arrow

at

this

one another,they have

they do to

make

thera

They are trained up to their Bowes even from their

Childhood for little Boys-with Bowes made of little Sticks, and Arrows made
of great Bents, will hit down a piece of Tobacco-pipe every time a good way
expert againfl time of War.
5

off.

As

thefe Indians are

good Marks-men,

very Life of every Creature

lieth, an,d

fo are they well experiene'd

know where

to fmite

him

where the

make him Ale

of fpread Arms and
to

Their Swimming is not after our Engl'tfo fafhion,

Legs, which they hold too tirefom, but like Dogs, their Arms before them, cut*
ting through the Liquids with their right Shoulder
In this manner they will
prelently.

Swim

very Fwift and

eafe lying as Hill as a

up
Of

their

in

far, either in

Log

rough or fmooth Waters, fometimes for

their

fometimes they will play the Dive*doppers, and come

unexpected places.

For

their

Hunting,

it is

Huntings,

no fwiftfooted Greyhounds
Deer, no deep-mouth'd Hounds, or fcenting Beagles,

to be noted, that they have

to let flip at the light of the

to find out their defired Prey

themfelves are

all this,

who in

that time

of the year

when the Deer comes down, having certain Hunting-houfes in fuch places where
they know the Deer doth ufually frequent, in which they keep their Rendezvouz,
their Snares, and all their Accoutrements for that Employment
when they get
light of a Deer, Moofe, or Bear, they ftudy how to get the Wind of him, and ap*
preaching within fhot
ftab their Mark quite through, if the Bones hinder
not. The chief thing they Hunt after is Deer, Moofes and Bears
It grieves them
more to fee an Englijbm'm take one Deer, than a thoufand Acres of Land. They
Hunt likewife after Wolves, wild Cats, %ackoons Otters, Beavers, and Ma/quashs,
:

Trading both

their Skins

other devices to

kill their

being a Mile wide

and Flefh to the

Game,

as

English.

Befide this Artillery they have

fometimes Hedges, a Mile or two Miles long,

one end, and made narrower and narrower by degrees, leaving onely a Gap of fix Foot long over againfl: which in the day-time they lie
lurking, to flioot the Deer which come through that narrow paiTage
fo many as
at

come within

the circumference of that Hedge, feldom return back to leap over,

by the chafing of fome ravenous Wolf, or fight of fome acciIn the Night, at the Gap of this Hedge, they fet Deer*traps;
which

unlefs they be fore'd

dental PalTenger

'

Chap.

*A

II.

M E<R^1

which
that

will tofs a Horfe if he be caught in

In the

157

made of young Trees, and fmooth wrought. Cords,

are Springes

it

C J.

Trade of Fifhing they

are very expert, being experienced

ledge of all Baits for feveral Fifties, and divers Seafons

wife of the removal of

when

in Bays,

English

Hooks

Fifties,

and when

knowing when

at Seas

fo (Irong,

it.

to Fifti

in the

know-

Of

their

r ilTiinor$.

being not ignorant likein Rivers and when at Rocks

\

Since the English came they are furnifti'd with

and Lines, for before they made them of Hemp, being more curi:

oully wrought,of ftronger Materials than ours, and hook'd with

Bone-Hooks but
them to buy, more than profit.or commendations wins them to
make of their own. They make likewife very (Irong Sturgeon-nets, with which
they catch Sturgeons of twelve, fourteen, and fixteen, and fome eighteen Foot lon?x
in the day-time, and in the nighttime they betake themfelves to their Birchen
.

lazinefs drives

which they carry a forty-fathom Line, with a (harp-bearded Dart faflned

at the end thereof
then lighting a Torch made of Birchen Rinds, they wave it
to and again by their Canoo fide, which the Sturgeon much delighted with, comes to
Canoos, in

them tumbling and playing, turning up his white Belly, into which they thruft their
Lance, his Back being impenetrable; which done, they hale to the Shore their

They have often

(Irugling Prize.
in

warm

recourfe into the

Weather, to look out for fleepy Seals,

for divers things.

Summer

Rocks whereupon the Sea beats,

whofe Oyi they much efteem, ufing

any where, but in Winter in the frefti

Water onely, and Ponds in frofty Weather they cut round Holes in the Ice, about
which they will fit like fo many Apes with their naked Breeches upon the cold let,
catching of Pikes, Pearches, Breams, and other forts of frefti- Water Fifti.
Their Arts and Manufactures are divers, as firft their drefllng of all manner Of their Arts
Manufaof Skins, which they do by '(craping and rubbing, afterwards painting them and
ctures
with antique Embroiderings in unchangeable Colours
fometimes they take
it

In

they

Fifti

oflfthe Hair, efpecially if it be

not

kill'd in feafon.

Their Bowes they make of a

handfom ftiape, ftrung commonly with the Sinews of Moofes their Arrows of
young Elder, feather'd with Feathers of Eagles Wings and Tails, headed with
Brafs in ftiape of a Heart or Triangle, faftned in a (lender piece of Wood fix
or
.

which

eight Inches long,

bound

fair,

main
it

to gaul the

in

the pithy Elder

aftewards

wounded

Bead:.

looks more like Silk than

thirty or

fram'd to put loofe

Their Arrows are made in this manner, becaufe it might

Head, and be left behind for their finding, and the Pile onely re*

for riving

(hake from his

is

forty Foot long,

Their Cordage

is

fo even, foft, and fmooth, that

Hemp. Their Sturgeon Nets are not deep, nor above

which in ebbing low Waters they (lake fall to the

Ground where they are fure the Sturgeon will come, never looking more at it till
the next low Water. Their Canoos are made either of Pine-trees, which
before they
were acquainted with English Tools, they burn'd hollow, fcraping them
fmooth
with Clam-fliells and Oyfter-ftiells, cutting their out.fides with Stone Hatchets,
Thefe Boats are not above a Foot and a half, or two Foot wide, and twenty Foot
long. Their other Canoos be made of thin Birch Rinds, clofe Ribb'd,
and on the
in-fide with
light, a

broad thin Hoops,

Man may

Hoops of a Tub thefe are made very

Mile, being made purpofely to carry from

like the

carry one of them a

River to River, and from Bay to Bay, to fliorten Land*parTages. In thefe cockling
Fly=boats, wherein an Englisb*mm can fcarce fit without a fearful
tottering, they

when an English Shallop dare not bear a Knot of Sail, (cudding

over the over-grown Waves as fail as a wind-driven Ship being driven by their
Paddles, being much like Battle*doors if a crofs Wave (which is feldorn) turn her
Keel up-fide down, they by fwimming free her, and fcramble into her again,
will venture to Sea,

Their

AMERICA.

Of their

Lan-

guage,

Chap.

11b

Their Language, is onely peculiar to themfelves, not inclining to any of the

more refined Tongues. Some have thought they might be of the difperfed Je~ti>s
but by the fame rule they
becaufe fome of their words are near unto the Hebrew
y

conclude them to be fome of the gleanings of

may

words which found

guage

is

after the Greek, Latine, French,

Nations, becaufe they have

all

and other Tongues. Their Lan-

hard to learn, few of the English being able to fpeak any of

it,

or capable

They pro
of the right pronunciation, which is the chief grace of their Tongue
nounce much after the Diphthongs, excluding L and d(, which in our English
Tongue they pronounce with as much difficulty, as moft of the Dutch do Tand y
:

Countrey doth fomething-differ in their Speech,

even as our Northern People do from the Southern, and Weftern from them efpecially thzTarmitine, whofe Tongue runs fo much upon (Z^, that they wharle much
calling a Lobfter a ]S[pbftann. Every

they are

King

demand whether
with fuch a.rumbling found, as if one were beating on

When any

in pronunciation,

Charles's Tonies,

an unbrae'd Drum.

Ships

at.

large,

without any interjected Difcourfes

the reft giving diligent audience to his utterance

other returns him as long an Anfwer

feldom

the Shore, they

In ferious Difcourfe our Southern Indians ufe feldom any fhoft

Colloquies, but fpeak their minds

from any,

come near

are their

words and

They

which done, fome or

love not to fpeak multa y fed multum

their deeds ftrangers.

According to the matter of their

difcourfe, fo are their acting Geftures in their Expreffions.

Of

The

their

Deaths, Buand
rials
Mourning.

Indians are

of lufty and healthful. Bodies, not experimentally knowing thofc

Difeafes which are incident to other Countreys, as Feavers, Pleurifies, Calentures,

Agues, Confumptions, Convulflons, Apoplexies, Dropfies, Gouts, Pox, Meafies,

or the like, but fpin out the thred of their Days to a
eighty,

fome a hundred years

But when any one

fair length,

lies

numbering fixty,

a dying, the doleful cries,

and throbbing fighs of the Friends and Relations, exprefs unfpeakable forrow ;
and when the Party is dead and laid in the Ground, they not onely weep and howl
for a oood fpace over the Grave, but alio keep Annual Solemnities of Mourning,
rubbing their Faces with black Lead all about the Eye-brows, and part of their
Cheeks yet do they hold the Immortality of the Soul, in which their Indian Faith
5

jumps much with the Turkish Akhoran, dreaming of a certain Paradife, or SouthWeft Elyfeum, wherein they fhall everlaftingly abide, folacing themfelves in odoriferous Gardens,fruitful Corn-fields, green Meadows, bathing their tawny Hides in
the cool Streams of pleafant Rivers, and flickering themfelves from Heat and Cold
fumptuous Palaces fram'd by Nature, concluding, that neither care nor pain
moleft them, but that Natures bounty will adminifter all things with a vo-

in the
fhall

luntary contribution from the Store=houfe of their Ely[mm

they fay,

lies

Intruders

and good

ftore

a great

Dog, whofe

wherefore

it is

their

churlifli fnarlings

at the Portal

whereof,

deny admiffion to unworthy

cuftom to bury with them their Bowes and Arrows,

of their Wampompeage and MoTfhacks, the one to affright that affront-

ing Cerberus, the other to purchafe more immenfe Prerogatives in their Paradife.
For their Enemies and loofe Livers, whom they account unworthy of this imagi-

nary Happinefs, they fay that they pafs to the infernal Dwellings of Abamocho, to
be tortur'd according to the Fictions of the ancient Heathen.

The drudgery

Drfpofitions,

Employments, llfnge

ftick Affairs, lies

Husbands, Anpa-

their

by

their

rel,

and

Mo-

defty of the

Women.

for

and

of Work, and the management of all domewholly upon the Indian Women, who are made meer Slaves by
they build the Houfes, fowe and reap the Corn, provide Lobfters
of all laborious

Husbands
their Husbands to
;

bait their

for thefe Lobfters they are

ther, then lucr

home

a oreat

forts

Hooks when

many

they go a Fifhing for

'Bajfe

Cod

or

times fore'd to dive in the excreameft

weight of them upon their Backs

as

Wea-

alfo all the Fifli

which

>

mmm

AMERICA.

Cliap.IL
which

19

for pleafure,

from theplaces where they were caught

their Husbands, and waiting till
they have

il

They
fill'd

Husbands catch

their

drefs all the

Meat, ferve

their Bellies, are glad

it

of

up

to

their leavings.

In

Summer

they gather Flags

of

which they make Mats for Houfes, and Hemp and Ruflies,
with Dying Stuff of
which they make curious Baskets, with intermixed Colours
and Pourtraidures of
antique Imagery. Thefe Baskets are of all fizes from
a Quart to a Quarter in
which they carry their Luggage. In Winter they are their
Husbands Caterers
trudging to the Clam-banks for their Belly-timber,
and their Porters to lug it
home. They likewise few their Husbands Shoes, and weave Coats
of Turky Fea-

thers, befides

ail their

down

Hams, which

ordinary Houfliold drudgery which daily

lies upon them

infomuch that a great Belly hinders no bufinefs, nor dqth
a Child-birth take muck
time, but the young Infant being greas'd and footed,
wrapp'd in a Beavers Skin
bound with his Feet up to his Bum,upon a Board two Foot long
and one Foot broad'
and his Face expos'd to all nipping Weathe^this little
fappouje travels about with his
bare-footed Mother to paddle in the Icy Clam.banks,
after three or four days of
Age have confirm 'd her recovery. For their Carriage, it is very civil,
Smiles beincx
the greateft grace of their Mirth. Their Mufick is
Lullabies in Rocking their Chil!
dren, who generally are as quiet as if they had neither
Spleen or Lungs. Their
Voices are generally both fweet and well order'd, fo far
as pure Nature teacheth
them. Their Modefty drives them to wear more Clothes
than the Men, having always a Coat of Cloth or Skins, wrapp'd like a Blanket about their Loyns,

reaching

to their

There

may

are to be reckon'd

be of

inNew

they never put off in

lefs

up forty

note, built or

five chief

Company.
Towns, befides what

made habitable by

the Englijh fince their

about the Year 1650,

Firft, St. Georges Fort, where the firft Plantation
was
River Sagadebock, in a kind of Teninfula, or half Ifland.

The
by

England,

fecond,

New

Plymouth, feated

The

no

lefs

firft

arrival

third, Salem, call'd

built

in 2fi>B>

Eng-

land.

fetled, at the

Mouth of the

St. Georges
Fort.

commodioufly upon a large Bay,caird

fetled that went over out of diffatisfa*

where they firft

the Church-Government of England.

Towns

by the Englifi

till

the Natives Vautuxed

ction to

others there

New

Fiji
mouth.

by the

Indians, Mahumbeak- which ftands

on the middle
of a Neck of Land very pleafantly, having a South
River on the one fide, and a
North River on the other fide. This Town feems to have
been built in the Year
16-28. by a part of that Company,
who,being fent over by

Sttlemi

the Merchant* Adventurers

fetled themfelves in this

Cape.

The fourth

Majbawmut, or Charles-to^n, fituate on a

fide of the River Charles. The form
of this Town,

Neck of Land on

the

North*

Charles tovin.

in the Frontifpiece of it
refembleththe Head, Neck, and Shoulders of a Man
through the right Shoulder
whereof runs the Navigable River
Mftick, which by its near approach to Charles
River in one place, makes the chief part of
the Town a Peninfula
It confifts of
hundred
and
fifty
1
Dwelling-houfes, many of them beautifi'd with
pleafant GarNear the Water-fide is a large
Jens and Orchards
.

illue

two

fair Streets
;

The

and

in

it

Market-place, forth of which

ftands a large and well built Church,

Matapan, or Vorckefter, a Fronteer Town,

ftanding over againft the
[Hand near the Sea-fide : It is watered
with two fmall Rivers, and is built in the
fifth

ormofa
ull

Serpent turning

its

Head Northward

it

Donlefitr,

hath Orchards and Gardens

of Fruit-trees.

Thefixth
>uilt

the

hereof, the

is

Bofton, anciently Accomontlcus, the

form of

a Heart,

one having great

and

ftore

fortifi'd

Center and Metropolis of the reft

with two Hills on the Front-part

of Artillery mounted thereon, the other having

b

2,

Boftm.

ldo

M E %.!

Chap.

J.

II.

At the Dcfccnt
whole Timber, and fill'd with Earth
on which the chief part of this Town is buiic,
of th- Hill lies a large Cave or Bay,
like over-topping Towers, keeping a conovcr-topp d with a third Hill, all three
approach of foreign Dangers. The chiefeft part of this
ftant Watch to forefee the
Town is crowded upon the Sea Banks, and wharf'd out with great Indu:

a'ftrona Battery, built of

City-like

whofe continual enlargement preand Coft, the Edifices large and beautiful,
fagreth fome fumptuous City.
water d with cool
The feventh, %oxbury, fituated between Lofton and Vorchefter,
Hills, and with (mall FreOiets waterand pleafant Springs iffuing from the Rocky
The form of it reiembleth a Wedge double
ingthe Valleys of this fertile Town
Towns and in the room of
pointed entring between the two above^mention'd
which were there before, they have now goodly
flry

Rtxbary.

thofe

or tearing Bullies

Swamps,

Fruit-trees, fruitful Fields

The eighth

Ljnne.

and Gardens.

Lyme, or (according to the

is

Indian

Name,

between

Saugus) fituated

Frefliet at the end of Winter

Salem and Charles-to^n, near a River, whofe ftrong
vents it felf into the Sea. This
all her Banks, and with a violent Torrent

fills

Town

almoft fquare, confiding

many years ago

ving alfo an Iron Mill in conftant ufc

of above a hundred Dwelling-houfes, ha<

The Church being on a level Land, unde-

defending into the Earth.

upon one of the
The ninth is call'd Water-town, anciently Pigfgujfet, fituated
Springs and fmall Rivulets,
Branches of Q,arles.KivcT, water'd with many pleafant
began by occafion of Sir
running like Veins throughout her Body. This Town
Cattel and Servants, Wintered in
Richard Saltingftall, who arriving with ftore of
fended from the North*Weft Wind,

Wattr-toten.

is

is

made with

Steps

thefe Parts.
M't-kcm,

was ere&ed between Charles-tom and Water>mvn y a Place

fince nam'd Cambridge, being the
call'd NwtoTM, and by'the Indians, Amongcangen,
Broadcloth, reaching to the mod Sou.
It is in form like a Lift of
tenth in order
ordered Streets, and two
it hath comely and well
therly part of Merrimeck River
from Mr. John HarVerd, who at his
fair Colledges the firft call'd HarVerd Colledge,
Barnes was the chief BeDeath gave a thoufand Pounds to it to the other Mr. J$bn
of the Government, but it
nefactor. This Town was appointed to be the Seat
In the Year 1633. there

Harveti

Col;

Mgt.

continued not long.

The

Iffaicb;

eleventh call'd Ipfwich, or Sawacatuc

delightful River, ifiuing forth

by the

Indians,

is

on a

fituated

fair

and

from a very pleafant Pond, and afterwards breaking

Sagamorejlnp, or

the
Courfc through a hideous Swamp of large extent it lies in
Earldom ofjggawan, now by the Englijk call'd EJfex.
River,
Twelve Miles from IpfVich, near upon the Streams of Merrimeck

its

Mtxthury.

is

fitua-

ted the twelfth, call'd 2{e"tobury.

Hartford.

The People

Plantation or
of Newtown, or Cambridge, upon their removal of the

the thirup the River, built a Town, which they call'd Hartford,
departed from
number, divers others coming in the room of thofe that

CaneHico, paffing

teenth in

Cambridge,
Ctnciri.

The

fourteenth,feated

upon

a fair

Marfli, and her Streams with Fi(h,

meckAllwms)
firft

of above

is

built in the Inland

fifty

Riverfwhofe Rivulets are fill'd with freili

being a Branch of that large River of Mem-

frefli
it

Countrey, and

Families: Their Buildings are for the

plac'd on one ftreight Stream under a

that

firft fet

call'd

forth to build this

Town,

Sunny Bank,

in

that

was

mod

alow
it

It

confided at

part conveniently

Level.

fuftain'd great hardfhip

fon of the uncouth Ways, and extremity of the Weather,

Town

Concord',

The People

and mifery, by

being the

firft

reaj

Inland

built.

South-

Chap,

II.

*jf

M E %^l C A

South-Eaft ofCbarles&ivcr, upon the Sea.*Coaft,

\6l

ficuated the fifteenth

is

Town

Hwgham.

form whereof is fomewhat intricate to defcribe, by reafon of the Seawafting Crooks, where it beats upon a moultring Shore yet in fome places the
Hingham

the

compleat

Streets ate

The

fixteenth

is

It

confided

at firft

of about

Government,

in Plymouth

fituate

fixty Families.

upon

the Sea*Coaft,

firft

nam'd

Dul^esbttry,ov

Sandwich.

Vukes'bury, afterwards Sandwich.

About

new Supply coming

the year 1617. a

over into thefe Parts, and not find-

Kewhavtn.

ing in the Mattachufets Government any

commodious place to fettle in, they after

much fearch took up a place fomewhat more Southerly, near the Shalles of Qapecod,
where they found a commodious Harbor for Shipping, and a fit place to erect a

Town

which they

in,

Streets

and fhortly

built in a fhort time, with

after feveral others

Government, which from

cali'd

their

firft

very

fair

Houfes and compleat

Amongft which

Fronteer

Town,

they erected a

new

being the feventeenth, was

2S[ewhaVen.

The

eighteenth

in^the

is

Government of the

Mattachufets ,

and

cali'd

Dedham, being

Dedham^

Town, fituate about ten Miles from (Bofton in the County of Suffolk, well
with many pleafant Streams, and abounding with Gardens and Fruit-

an Inland
water'd

Trees

It

confifted at

firft

of about a hundred Families, being generally given to

Husbandry.

The

Government is cali'd Weymouth, batter'd on the

Eaft with the Sea Waves
on the South-Weft Rocks and Swamps make it delightful to the Deer, as the ploughable Meadow*Lands to the Inhabitants.
About the Year 1 638. Printing was brought over into jS(eT\> England.
About fix Miles from Ipfwich, North*Eaftward, was erected another Town
nineteenth being alfo in this

V/qmouthl

called %oiply
y

Bjestlj.

being the twentieth.

About the Year 1639. began

County of Norfolk, to be built It
:

River of Merrimeck

The

the one and twentieth

is

fituate

upon

Hampton,

in the

Eamftsn:,

near the Sea-Coaft, not far from the

great ftore of fait Marfli did entice the People to fet

down their Habitations there.

Not far from this Town of Hampton, was erected
Salisbury, feated

Town

the

two and

the broad fwift Torrent of MerrimecbKixcr

twentieth, cali'd
:

It

lieth

Salisbury,

on the

Northern fide, overagainft the Town of Newbury, the River between them beinoabout half a Mile broad, but hath an Iiland in the midft thereof, which makes it
the

more

eafily pafTable.

thereof abounding in

The

fituation

of

this

Town is

very

pleafant, the Skirts

and goodly Meadows, with good ftore of ftately Timber in many places upon the Uplands.
About the Year 1640. by afrefh Supply of People that fetled in Longlfland, was
fair

there erected the twenty third

Town,

by the Indians, Jgalvom.

The fame Year alfo the Town of Sudbury, being the twenty fourth, began to be
built in the Inland Countrey
It is furnifli'd With great ftore of frcfli Marfh, but
lying very low, it is much endammag'd with Land.floods.
About this time there was built at Mount Wolltflone, by fome old Planters and

Longlfland.
Southampton.

cali'd Southampton^

Sudbmf.

certain Farmers of the great

twenty

fifth,

great ftore of

Town

of Bofton, a

Town namM

within the Mattachufets Government:

Land

It

is

Bruintree,

Eraintr;?,

being the

well peopled, and hath

in Tillage.

In the Year 1641.

Mr. Richard Blind?nan coming from Green Harbour, a Place in

Plymouth Patent, with fome few People of his acquaintance, fetled in ChpeJnne,
where they built the twenty fixth Town, and nam'd it Cloucefter.
There is alfo fituate upon Tufcataque River, to the Notth-Eaft of $0 (Ion, a Town
cali'd Dover, being the twenty feventh, the People by voluntary refignation being
under the Mattachufets Governments
S 1
<

Glqxct-ftsr',

D'over.

AMEBIC

i6z
was

In the Year 1642.

Chap.

erected the eight and,twentkth

Town

In the Year 1644. the nine and twentieth

vernment of the

J.

Mattachufets

it is

Town,

was

II.

calTd Woobum.

being in the Gowell water'd and fituated about a great Pond

built,

having two Mills, a Saw-Mill, and a Corn-Mill, which ftand upon two feveral
Streams.

was built the thirtieth Town in this Colony, call'd Wenham fituate
between Salem and Ipfwcb
it is very well water'd, as moft Inland Towns
are and
the People live altogether on Husbandry.
About the Year 1645. one Mr. Tinchin, having out of defire to improve his
Eftate by Trading with the Indians fetled himfelf in a place very remote from
any
little after

of the

Towns

of the Mattachufets Colony, yet under their Government, and great

flore of People ftill reforting to him, they at laft erected a Town upon the
River
CaneBico, calling it Spring-field, being the one and thirtieth Town
it is very fitly

Trade with the Indians, in regard it is fituate upon this large

Navigable River, and upon fome Rivulets of the fame.
In the Year 1648. was founded the Town of Haverhill, being the two and thirtieth,about a Mile or two from the place where the River of Menimeck receives
into it felf the River Shawshin, which is one of her three chief Heads.
feated for a Beaver

Not long

Town

of Maiden, being the three and thirtieth Town, was.

built by certain People that came out of Charles^To^n
thefe two Towns being fe;
veVd the one from the other by the large River of Miftick.

The
auas.

reft

after, the

we

fhall onely

Falmouth, alias Totam.

name,

as 34. 'Berwick, alias CbaTkwn.

$6. Briftol. 37. Hull, alias

aliasHBohanna. 30. Norwich, alias Segocket.

3 5

Oxford, alias

<P ajfat aquae k.

40. Taunton,

alias

6V0-

38. Dartmouth,

Qohannet. 41. Greens*

Harbour. 42. Yarmouth. 43 Northam, alias Tafcataqua. 44. Exeter. 45. Weymouth.
The chief Rivers of New England are, Tafcataway, Sagadahoc, Temmaquid, Agamentko
.

Menimeck, Tachobacco ,

Miftick,

Narraganfet

Mifhuwin

Comietlacut

NewichwaVoch

J^ynebequy.

The

Italian

Natives are

now become Co weak

in

number, and

in

fome meafure

redue'd to a dread of the growth of the Englifh, that of late years they have not
pra&is'd any thing againft them, or at leaft, not juftifi'd them by numbers
in

open Hoftility, willing rather to purchafe their Peace and buy off
mitted by them at the Price of their Lands and Poffeflions.

And

many

although care and expence hath been

on of Indians

to the Faith,

however

Injuries

com-

years apply'd to the Conversi-

inclinable they feetrfd at

to the imbracing
thereof, not then Co well difcerning the infincerity of its ProfelTors. yet there
are
fo few of late who do imbrace it or perfevere in it (wanting a good
Foundation for
inftruction in Moral Honeft,yand perhaps the example of it in thofe that undertake
firft

them in Religion j ) that Chrifttanity to them feems a Chimera, Reliaion a

draw them from the libidinous Pieafures of a lazy Life however fome

to inftruct

defign to
there are

who make

Profeffion of Omftianity,

and fome

who

are educated in the

Schools of New Cambridge, to entitle them to Preach the Gofpel in their

guage.

One
r

great hindrance to the Propagation of the Faith

the diversity of their

Languages;

for

it is

themfelves do not underftand one another,

Lan*

amongft thofe Heathens,

commonly known,
if their

own

is

that the Natives

Habitations are but at forty

Miles diftance.

Their Church-Government and Difcipline is Congregational and Independent,

yet in fome places more rigid than others, for in many Towns there yet remains

fome leaven of Tresbytery, from which Se&s our

Independency

had

its

Original

info-

much

Chap.
much,

II.
that

one of the

qJ
E %^I C J.
mod remarkable Oppofers of

Itfj

MflM Government,

Do&or

(who, fpoil'd fo much Paper in railing at the Church

Government of
England, and crying up Liberty of Confcience) finding
the Apoftacy of his own Brethren of Bofton from their firft Principles, and his,generally
prevail over them, even
to the denying that liberty to others, which they feem'd
only to aim at, did write
a large and vehement Debortatory Epiftle to them from their
Nen>
<Baftwick

Lights or Taths, fay-

ing, That according

to their frefent

Tenents, they could not pretend

to

be better, or other than a

Chriftian Synagogue.

Their Laws and Methods of Government are wholly

of their own framing
each Colony for themfelves, makes an Annual choice
of Governor, Deputy Go!
vernor, and a certain number of Affiftants, by the
plurality of Suffrages collected
from their feveral Towns, the Electors are only Freemen
and Church-Membersfor he that is not a Member of their Church,
can neither chufe, nor be chofen a
Magiftrate, nor have his Children Baptiz'd
befldes the lofs of

many

viledges,and liable moreover to frequent^ not

conftant
felves

from

other Pri-

Mul&s for abfenting them-

Divine Wbrjhip (fo call'd) in their

Meeting houfes.
Since the tranfmitting of the Patent in Na> England,
the Election
ces, nor erection of Hands as formerly, but
by Papers, thus
The general Court-eleftory fitting, wherd are prefent in the

is

not by Voi*

Church, or Meet-

mg-houfe

at Bofton,

the old Governor, Deputy, and all the

Magiftrates, and two
Deputies or BurgelTes for every Town, or at lead
one
all the Freemen are bidden to come in at one Door, and bring their Votes
in Paper for the new Governor,
and deliver them down upon the Table, before the
Court, and fo pafs forth at
another Door . thofe that are abfent, fend their
Votes by Proxies. All being de-'

liver'd in, the

Votes are counted, and according to the major part,

the old Governor pronounceth, That fuch an one is chofen Governor
the
for

Freemen,

year enfuing.

Then

the

manner, bring their Votes for the Deputy Governor,

who being
alfo chofen, the Governor propoundeth
the Affiftants one after another.
New
Affiftants are, of late, put in nomination,
by an Order of general Court, before,
hand to be confider'd of: If a Freeman give in a
in like

Blank, that rejects the

nam'd

brings, that
ber'd,

Man

Freeman makes any mark with a Pen upon the Paper

which he
elects the Man nam'd
Then the Blanks and mark'd Papers are num.

if the

and according

elected or rejeded

to the

major part of

and fo for

which is, by their Patent,

Governor and Officers are

all the Affiftants.

to be
all

either, the

upon

And

Man

in

Nomination

new Election,
Term, the new

after every

Wednefday in Eafter
The Governor and Affiftants chufe the

the laft

new Sworn.

ftands

And all the Court confifting of Governor, Deputy, Affiftants,

and Deof Towns, give their Votes as well as the reft
and the Minifters and

Secretary.
puties

ders,

and

all

Magiftrates

ElChurch-Officers, have their Votes alfo in all thefe

Elections of chief
Conftables, and all other inferior Officers, are

fworn

in the general,

quarter, or other Courts, or before any

Affiftant.

Every Free-man when he

:iety

is

admitted, takes a

Uriel:

Oath, to be true to the So-

or Jurifdidion.

There

two general Courts, one every half year, wherein they

make Laws
Ordinances The Minifters advife in making of
Laws, efpecially
are

Ecclcfiaftical.and

ire
)r

prefent in Courts, and advife in

or

fome

fpecial Caufes Criminal,

and

in

framing

Fundamental Laws.
There are befides four Qgarter.Courts

for the whole Jurifdi<5tion, befides other

Courts, one every quarter at Bofton, Salem, and
ItfVich, with their feveral Ju.
ifdidhons
befides every Town, almoft, hath a petty
Court for fmall Debts and

>etty

rrefpaffes,

under twenty Shillings*

^i

I C A.

and Caufes Civil and Criminal, and

try'd all Actions

touching Non-members
Courts, they have the

And

Chap.

II.

in divers

Power of Parliament, Kings-Bench, Common-Pleas, Chan-

Cafes have exercis'd that

Ears,

prove.

and without

fufficient

ing Life or Member.

other Courts of England, and

Kings Subjects there,

the

as

is

not

Men,

all thefe for Ecclefiaftical

and Civil Offences,

leffer

Mens

cut off

quarter Courts are try'd, in Tome, Aeti*

under twenty, and

(Bofton,

From

all

to death, banifh'd, fin'd

Record. In the

ons under ten Pounds, in

may

Power upon

They have put

whip'd, imprifon'd Men, and

difficult to

alio Ecclefiaftical, efpecially

they thcmlelves fay, that in the general and quarter

High-Commi:Tion, and Star-Chamber, and

eery,

all

Criminal Caufes not touch-

the petty quarter Courts, or other Courcs,the parties

appeal to the great quarter Courts, from thence to the general Court, from

which
Grand-

TK

In the general Court, or great quarter Courts, before the Civil Magiftrates, are

Anions
an] Cauies

Juries.

ME

<tl

t*Jc3

there

Twice

no Repeal.

is

Courts held before the general Courts, are two

Grand-Juries fworn for the Jurifdi&ion, one for one Court, and the other for the
a year, in the faid quarter

and they are charg'd to enquire and Prefent Offences redue'd by

nor who gives the Charge.
other

Trials.

the

Gover-

Matters of Debt, Trefpafs, and upon the Cafe, and Equity, yea and of Herefie

by

alfo, are try'd

The

a Jury.

Parties are warned to challenge

any Jury-man before he be fworn but beCourt for trial of Caufes and all Parties not pre;

caufe there

is

but one Jury in a

fent at their Swearing, the liberty of challenge

veniences do happen thereby.

calfd The

is

much

hindered, and

Jurors are return d by the

fome inconMarflial, he was at firft

'Beadle of the Society,

The Parties

fpeak themfelvcs for the moll: part, and fome of the

in all Caufes,

Magiftrates where they think caufe requireth, do the part of Advocates without

Fee or Reward.

Though among

which were founded here by the confluence of diffenting Zealots, this Government is exercis'd, differing from that of the
Church and State of England yet in thole Provinces which are granted by partithe feveral Colonies

Government

cular Perfons. the

is

much more conformable

to that of England

but

were from the beginning the moft Potent and Predoof the Colonies, (infomuch, that <Bofion may well be accoun-

as the Mattacbufets or 'Bofloners

minant of all the

reft

ted the Metropolis of all l^ew England,) fo of late years they have

and more Power and Authority over the

ftill

ufurp'd

more

and efpecially have not ftuck to give

Laws to the forefaid Provinces allotted to particular Perfons, and have gone about
wholly to fubjugate thofe places to themfelvcs, intrenching upon the rights of the
5

is

and that, even contrary to the Kings exprefs

true Proprietors
Officers, there,

reft

and

as

it

were

in

Commands by

his

open defiance of his Majefty and Government,

evident from this following Narration, of their behavior

upon

a bufinefs

of

as

this

nature.

Proceedings
of the Mattathufets againfl

TN
**

the

Year of our Lord io^.

lS(cw England,

being

in the

his Majefties

Commiflioners for the Affairs of

Province ofMayne, the People being

much

unfetled

bis Majefties
lifiioCommi

in Point

of Government

ncrs.

ment, did

uftirp

by reafon the Mattachufets Colony, or Eofton Governcompulfively a Power over them contrary to their wills- and the
,

unanimoufly Petition to

upon which
Patent,

his

who

Commiflion then in the place, did

Majefties Commiflioners to fettle the Government;

right of Sir Perdinando Gorges Heir,

had

his

the laid Cornmi/Tioners examin'd the

with

all

Bounds and Right of Mr.

Gorges

the Allegations and Pretenficns on both fides, and fo according

to

-fci

their Inftru&ion

from

letermination thereof
the

fiich

his

Mandamus

in April

vas his will and pleafure,

Dommiffioners had

\6)

temporary Government under his

time as his Majefty fhould crivehis final

and for that end did

Province according to the true

by

>leas'd

A.

his Majefty, did fettle a

immediate Authority, until

Majefty's

rem

M E ^1 C

II.

Slitap.

fetled

Laws of

England.

\666, to the Governors o Bofton, to

That

it,

of the Peace to Go*

Alfo his Majefty was

Inftitute Juftices

fignifie that it

the Province of Main fliould ftand

until he

had more

determine

leifure to

vithftanding, after three years quiet poffeffion, and exercifingof

^ood
it

yet not-

Government by

he Kings Juftices, according to their Commiffion granted by his Majefty's

without any Conference with the

niftioners, the Boftoners,

as his

Com-

faid Juftices, did in a

manner oppofe the King's Power, July 1668. which was asfolloweth:
The General Court of Bofton fent their Warrants to keep Court at York under
:heir Authority, and for that purpofe Commiffionated Magiftrates by their own
Authority, namely Major General John Leveret, Mr. Edward Ting, Captain (Richard
loftile

and Captain Robert fike

Valden,

Warrants, and fent Poft to

what

/ice

Bofton,

to

do therein

the King's Juftices did oppofe their

New York, with an Addrefs

who

to General ]S[icholas, for

forthwith difpatch'd

away

informing them of the danger of their Proceeding,

of Duty, to fubvert the

Government

eftablifh'd

by

it

to the

:he 'Bofton
fork

Ad*
Governors of

being an open breach

his Majefty's

King's Mandamus, April 1666. that will'd to the contrary.

:he

Power

Town

in the faid

Majefty's

their

Armed Men, Horfe and

Oppofition was made by the King's

Province, with feveral

Authority

Power was

Uandamus was likewife

urg'd, but

much

little

alfo fent

Notwithftanding

Magiftrates in July 1668. in order to their Bofton Commiilion,

Court under
bis

Whereupon

regard thereunto fhewn

came

to

Foot, to keep
Juftices,

and

his Majefties

upon, and produced by the Juftices, who ask'd

the Boftoners what they thought of it ? and how they durft act fo contrary to the
King's Will and Pleafure? Major General Leveret told them, That he believ'd it
infifted

might be the King's Hand, but he had a Commiffion from the general Court at
Bofton, which he would follow and obferve by the help of God. The fame day
in the

Afternoon the

ftrates, feiz'd

faid

Major General

LeVeret,

with the

and imprifon'd the Province Marfhal

in

of the Bofton Magidoing his Office, and then

reft

forthwith went in warlike pofture to the Court=houfe, where the King's Juftices
fat in Judicature, and putting them from their Seats, fat down themfelves in their
Places,

and Executed

againft

their Bofton

their Proceedings,

Majefty's good Pleafure.

vil,

and Swore others in

Commiffion.

and fo

Then

left

The

drew a Troteft
God's Providence, and his

King's Juftices

the Decifion to

they turn'd out all Officers, both Military and Ci-

their Places

under their Authority

5

they forc'd the whole

Record of the Province out of the Recorders Houfe contrary to his Will, by
vertue of a Special Warrant from that Court. They imprifon'd the Mayor of the
faid

Province about three weeks, forcing him to give in

not to act according to his Commiffion

forc'd to

deny for the fecurity of

five

hundred Pound Bonds,

which with fome Refervations he was

his Eftate.

Thefe riotous Proceedings thus acted with Rich a precipitate fury, fo incens'd
his Majefty,that fpeedy care had been taken to reduce them to reafon, had they not

upon mature confideration bethought themfelves afterwards

bis Majefties

Having

to yield

Obedience to

Orders.

treated at large of all that concerns 2{ew England in general, both in re-

erence to the Natives and the Englift Planters, we fhall conclude with a brief view
>f the Provinces of Laconia and Mam, as they are truly Defcrib'd (among other in*

enuous Collections and Obfervations of the Affairs of America, and efpecially

thefe

\66
by

thefe Parts)

Ferdinando Gorges Efq- Heir to the

and thereby fole Lord of the

him deliver'd more at large.
A

brief

Do

Among

fcription of

Lac oki a, a
Province in
Ntrv England.

M E%^IC

faid Provinces,

A.

Chap.

above*mention'd

Ifi

Sir Ferdinando

onely contracting what hath been by

divers Plantations of the Englifh happily

Founded in New England, is a

by reafon of the great Lakes

Province to the Landward, nam'd Laconia, Co call'd

therein, but by the ancient Inhabitants thereof it is call'd The Countrey
of the Troquois:
It lies between the Latitude of forty four and forty five Degrees,
having the Ri.
vers oCSagadehock and Menimeck
it; into

on the Sea-Coaft of New

each of which Rivers there

inhabiting near the Lakes.

Alfo

is

from

England, Southerly

a fhort Paflage, frequented by the Salvages

hath the great Lakes which tend towards California in the South Sea on the Weft thereof: On the North thereof is the
great
it

River of Canada, into which the faid River difgorgeth it felf by a fair large River,
well rcplenifh'd with many fruitful Iflands The Air thereof is pure and
wholefom^
the Countrey pleafant, having fome high Hills, full of goodly Forrefts,
and fair
:

Valleys and Plains, fruitful in Corn, Vines, Chefnuts, Wallnuts, and infinite
forts
of other Fruits, large Rivers well ftor'd with Fifli, and inviron'd with goodly

Mea-

dows full of Timber-trees.

One of the great Lakes is call'd The Lake of Iroquois, which together with a River of the fame Name, running into the River of Qanada, is fixty or feventy Leagues
in length.

In the

Lake

are four fair Iflands,

Meadows, having

ftore

of

Game

which

low and

of goodly Woods and

for Hunting, as Stags, Fallow^Deer, Elks, Roeare

full

Bucks, Beavers, and other forts of Beafts which come from the Main Land to
the
faid Iflands.

The

Rivers which

into the Lakes have in

them good ftore of Beavers of

which Beafts, as alfo of the Elks, the Salvages make their chiefeft Traffick.
The faid Iflands have been inhabited heretofore by the Salvages, but are now
abandoned by reafon of their late Wars one with another
They contain twelve
fall

or fifteen Leagues in length, and are feated commodioufly for

Habitation in the
midft of the Lake, which abounds with divers kinds of wholefom Fifli.

From

this

Lake run two Rivers Southward, which

Southern Sea-Coaft of

JS(ew England

Into this Lake there went

with the
five

JlgoYinquins,

Miles over the

juries

done by

many years

fince certain French

with the help of their

Impoftible Falls,

fall

into the

Ea'ftern

and

'.

Canoos,

which they

to Fight a Battel

the Troquois to the Jlgovinquins,

of Queheck,

fided

carried the fpace of

revenge of fome former In-

in,

who had

who

Vi&ory

for which caufe

the French have been fo hated ever fince by the
Nation of the Troquois, that none of
them durft ever appear in any part of that Lake. But their Trade, faid to be
fixteen
thoufand Beavers yearly , is partly fold to the Dutch who Trade
with the
the

end of the

faid

Weft-

Lake over Land by Horfes, from

their Plantation upon Hudfons

and another part is conceived to be purchased by the. Htroons, who being
Newters, are Friends both to the one and the other and thefe Hiroons
bring down
;
the greateft part of all by the River of Canada.
<%iyer

The Way

Land

over

to this great Lake,

from the Plantation of <PafcataTay, hath

been attempted by Captain Walter Neale, once Governor, at the
Charges of Sir Fer*
dinando Gorges, Captain Ma/on, and fome Merchants
of London, and the Difcovery
wanted but one days Journey of finifliing, becaufe their Visuals was
fpent,which,
for want of Horfes, they were enfore'd to carry with
their Arms, and their Clotiies,
upon their Backs They intended to have made a fettlement for Trade by
Pinnaces
upon the faid Lake, which they reckon to be about ninety or a hundred
Miles from
the Plantation over Land.
qpjic
;

M E%^I

'

Chap.

sA

II.

The People of the Countrey

are given to

C A.

i6j

Hunting of wild

Beafts,

which

is

their

Food.

chiefeft

Their Arms are Bowes and Arrows. Their Armor is made

partly of Wood
and partly of a kind of twifted Stuff like Cotton* Wool.
Their Meat is Flour of Indian Corn, of that Countreys growth,
fodden to Pap,

which they preferve for times of Neceflity when they cannot Hunt.
This Province of Laconia, however known by a diftinft Name, is
the Province of Main,

which

offers

included within

our confederation.
All that part of the Continent of New England, which was
allotted by Patent to Of
the P tQ
Sir Ferdinando Gorges and to his Heirs, he thought fit to
call by the Name of the (pro- vince of
Main.
vince of Ma'uu
It takes it beginning at the entrance of
Vafcatoway Harbor, and fo

up

it

felf next to

fame into the River o Nwichvavocb and through the

fame unto the
fartheft Head thereof; and from thence North- Weft wards
for the fpace of a hundred and twenty Miles
and from the Mouth of Tafcato^ay Harbor aforefaid
North-Eaftward along the Sea=Coaft, to Sagadehock and up the
paffeth

the

River thereof

<

Kjnibequy River, even as far as the

Head

thereof; and into the

to*

Land North- Weft,

wards, for the fpace of a hundred and twenty Miles.

To thefe

Territories are alfo adjoyn'd the North half of the

ther with the Ifles of Capawick and Hautican, as alfo all the
little

Ifles

of

Sholes,

toge-

Iflands lying within

Rvc Leagues of the Main, all along the Sea.Coaft, between
the aforefaid Rivers of
tpafcatoTbay and Sagadehock*

He no
That

if

fooner had this Province fetled upon him, but he

gave publick notice,
any one would undertake by himfelfand his Affociates,
to Tranfport

I
competent number of Inhabitants, to Plant in any part of his
Limits, he would
affign unto him or them fuch a proportion of Land,
as fliould in reafon fatisfie them
referving onely to himfelf fome fmall High-Rent, as 2 i. or
is. 6 d. for a hundred
Acres per Annum
and if they Went about to build any Town or City,
he would
Endow them with fuch Liberties and Immunities, as fliould make them
capable to
Govern themfelves within their own Limits, according to the
:

any

Town or

Liberties granted to

Corporation within

this

Realm of England. And

as for others

of the
Tenants, that they fliould have fuch quantities of
Land
affign'd them as they were able to manage, at
the Rate of 4 d. or 6 d. an Acre, ac:ording to the nature or fituation of the Place they
fettle in.
- And for the Divifion of the Province,
and the Form of Government which he
intended to Eftablifli, he firft divided the Province
into feveral Parts
and thofe
igain he fubdivided into diftind- Regiments,
as Eaft, Weft, North, and South
hofe again into feveral Hundreds, Pariflies and
Tythings, and thefe to have their
everal Officers to Govern, according to fuch
Laws as fliould be agreed upon by
)ublick Affent of the Free-holders, with the
approbation of himfelf or Deputy and
he principal Officers of the publick State.

meaner

fort

who went

as

The

Government for the general State, to whom all Appeals

were
nade, and from whom all Inftrudions for the
welfare of the Fublick were to
fetled

vere to confift of himfelf or his Deputy,

>y himfelf, with the advice of his Council

nt! of

all

Caufes
;

be committed
rovide
iirs,

to

Men for

whom

ine Caufes

mnition

who was
:

Next

to be
iftue,

to be chofen every three year

a Chancellor for the determina-

A Treafurer, to whom the care of the publick Revenue was

A Marflial, whofe Office was to overfee the Regiments, and to

publick Service

An Admiral,

to take care

of all Maritime Af-

Judge of the Admiralty was to be jdyn'd to determine all MarlA Mafter of the Ordnance, to look to the publick Arms and AmSecretary, to receive Intelligence, and to acquaint
himfelf or Deputy
a

there*

AMERICA.

,<jg

To

therewith.

thefe

belong

Chap.

all their feveral Officers

II.

and Minifters for the Execu-

tion of all Matters proper to their feveral Places.

The

Town

chief

of this Province

is

call'd Gorgiana,

which

Govern'd by a
Houfes ; but through
is

Mayor, the reft areonely inconfiderable Villages or fcatter'd

Encouragement given to Adventurers and Planters, it may prove in time a very
flourifhing Place, and be replenifli'd with many fair Towns and Cities^ it being a
Province both

fruitful

and pleafant.

Sect.

New
that

now

Netherlands
Land formerly

IHat Tract of

Land which

and Mary-Land

lieth in the

call'd

it is

New

call'd

The

North

the length of

hath not been fully difcover'd, fo

II.

2s(ey>

York.

{etherland,

doth contain

parts of America, betwixt

Njw

all

England

which Northward into the Countrey,

The breadth of
not certainly known
:

as

ic

it is

about two hundred Miles. The principal Rivers within this Trad, are Hudfon'sRiver, ^arita,n-Ki\cr:, DelaWare-Bay-Kim. The chief Iflands are the Mdnbdtins-

and

Ifland, Long -Ifland,

The

firft

Staten-lftznd.

which difcover'd

the EaflJndia

Company

this

Countrey was Henry Hud/on,

who

being hir'd by

to feek a PalTage in the Northern America to China, fet Sail

coming before Tern-muff, he flood about towards the South-Weft, where Sailing up a great River, he found two Men Clad in
and from thence arriv'd fafe at Amflerdam.
in ^uffelo's Skins
Anno 1609. in the Half-Moon Frigat

]%ew N^etherland thus difcover'd, invited

many Merchants

to fettle a firm Plan-

which purpofe they obtain'd Letters Patents in 16 14. granted

them by the States in the Hague, That they might onely Traffick to Njw Nether*
land-, whereupon they earneftly profecuting the Defign, fent out Adrian Block and

tation there : to

who difcover'd feveral Coafts, Ides, Havens, and Rivers.

The Countrey, as they faid, being then void, was therefore

Godyn,

any body
Notwithstanding which pretence, they were
that would take pofTeflion of it
fcarce warm in their Quarters, when Sir Samueljrgai, Governor of Virginia, having
free for

firft

fpoil'd the French in Accadie, as

we

faid, difputed the PolTefTion

with thefc

alfo.

although they pleaded Hudfons Right (who by Commiflion from King James y
and upon an English Account, had lately difcover'd thofe Parts) and pretended they
had not onely bought all his Cards and Maps of the Countrey, but all his Intereft

And

and Right alio, and had

Difcovery

fully contented

him

for all his Pains

and Charges in the

yet the faid Hud/on being an Englishman, and acting all that he did

by CommiiTion from

the

King of England, upon Debate

it

was concluded, That the

Land could

not be alienated after Difcovery without the King of England's confent,

efpecially

being but a part of the Province of

it

Subjects of England

vernor fubmitted
Virginia, for

Afterwards,

his

by the
Title, and the Dutch Goand to the Governor of

Virginia, already poflefs'd

So that they were fore'd to wave that

Plantation to His Majefty of England,

Upon which Terms for a good while they held it.

upon confidence,it feems, of a new Governor fent from Amfter dam ,they

and under him

pay the promis'd Contribution and Tribute, but fell to fortifie

themfelves, and to entitle the Merchants of Amflerdam to an abfolute Propriety and
Dominion of the Country, independent of any other buildingTowns, as New Am*

not onely

fail'd to

flerdam-, raifmg Forts, as Orange, Fort, near the

call Hell- Gate.

Branch of the Nordt

Complaint whereof being made

to

King

<3{iver,

Charles,

which they

and by

his

Am*

baflador

II

U
1

ill

*m

Chap.

M E%_1

*A

If,

C A.

baffador reprefented to the States, they difown

the buGnefs, and declare by
Publlcfe
Inftrument , that it was onely a private Undertaking,
Y, K of the Well-India Com"
.

pany oUmfterdam. Whereupon

made Lord 'Baltimore in Ireland,to

Commiffion was granted

to

Sir Geor*e

Cahen

and Plant the Southern parts thereof lying

towards V,rgm,a, by the name of Maryland and to Sir
S/,d L^A, to Plant thfe
Northern parts towards New England, by the name
of Nova
Poffefs

Albion

the ftftft the fecond time feem willing to

Which makes
Sum of two

and for the

hundred Pounds, they offer to be gone, and
leave all they had
But taking advantage of the troubles in England,which
then began

thoufand and
there.

compound

five

to appear

and foon after follow'd

they not only go back from their

,
firft Propositions and
make higher Demands, but alfo moft mifchievoufiy
(as fome report ) furnifli
the Natives with Arms, and teach them the ufe
of them, as it may be thouoht expecting to ufe their help upon occafion, againft the
Englifi.
After His Majefties Reftauration
His
Majefty being truly inform'd of his juft
,
Pretences to all that Ufurp'd Territory call'd
New Netherland, ( the fame 'having
been formerly part of New England) and of
how great prejudice to the Aft of Na"
vigation, and how dangerous Intruders the
Dutchmen are generally upon other
Princes Dominions, what mifchief might
enfue to all our &./& Plantations in
time of War , if the Dutch were permitted
to ftrengthen themfelves in the very
heart of His Majefties Dominions, being
Mafters of

one of the moft commodious

His Majefty refolv'd to feize upon the
fame, as his
undoubted Rtght^ and in May 1004. having
defign'd four Commiffioners to the
perfefting of Affa.rs in New England,
Collonel
Ports and Rivers in America

Richard N_>chols, Sir Robert Carr

George Qartwmght,

and Samuel MaTvrkk Efquires, with three

Ships of War to convey
them to <Bofton : The matter was fo order'd, that
the fame Ships ferv'd for the re.
^"ogofthe Town and Fort of Net, m rda m , upon
conditions, advantageous
to His Majefty, and ealie to the Dutch.

Jp

Now begins New Netherland

by Patent upon
ons

his

made upon

to lofe the

Name, for His Majefty having conferr'd

Royal Highnefsthe Duke of A,* and
Jlbany,
theAcquifiti,

Foreigners

together with Long-ljlani

the Weft end

whereof
was wholly fetled and Peopled by Dutchmen
his Royal Highnefs impower'd
by
Commiffion as his Deputy-Governor, Colonel
,

Nichols, Groom of his Bed-chamCharge and Direftion of Reducing and

Governing all thofe Terri.
was by him thought fit.to change fome
principal denominations of Places'

ber, to take the

tor,es

it
;

to New Netherland into lork-Jhire-,

James. Fort-Orange into Fort.Aibany

i^Svir P

V
Hew

hU

yor
'

ea

ir

into

New

York, Fort-Amfcel into

and withal, to change Zurgomafters,

d sheriff- with jufti s f the

***

Fori

Schcpen,
<

and

* -u

.
con formable t0 the Methods and
y
Praftife of England, whereas
j
*
England
reta.ns only the name of
Qonfiahle in their whole Rolls of Civil
Offi.

1S

It is

plac'd

upon the neck of the

S " eCtS

after
fter

New Amfterdam

S d H
f
t0 the number ofabout

I'Z
manner ofIt"
Holland

t
the

pa

re

d feVerd

ufeS

the -ft

f<J

towards the Sea

hu

*<

built

en-'

much

^M

ble: Upon ne fide f the

ttt
;r/86 tthreehu
h
" dred So ldiersand Officers
it
hath
,
four Baftins, fon
7
m U Cd thC WallS f St ne lin d w " h
* thick Rampart of
L?,
r

rl r

a P abtt o

oC

Pieces

Ifiand Manhatans, looking

'

E
earth
r h
a rmc

'

well accommodated with

lcn a 5
SnrinonffV^fl, xvr+
r
n,,
P nn g r rreth water, always furmfli'd with
A
nm n ' aainft AcddentS Diftant
the Sea feven Leagues,
t afford a fafe
t,aftords
Entrance, even to unskilful Pilots
under the Town fide, Ships of
j
'

^T

"

&
.

any

M E%^I C

Chap.

A.

II.

any Burthen may Ridefecure againft any Storms, the Current of the River being
broken by the interpofition of a fmall Ifland, which lies a Mile diftant from the

Town.
row

from

ten Miles

About

NeTJ? York is a

Place call'd Hell-Gate, which being a nar-

PaiTage, there runneth a violent Stream both

fo me

Rocky

upon Flood and Ebb

which the Current

and upon the Flood
it threatens prefent Shipwrack
continually fends forth a hideous roaring, enough to

middle

lie

Iilands,

is

a large

affright

in the

upon, that

violently

fets fo

and

Whirlwind, which
any Stranger from

fome Charon to conduct him through ; yet to thofe

It is a place of great Defence againft
that are well acquainted,little or no danger
any Enemy coming in that way, which a fmall Forticfiation would abfolutely
prevent, and neceffitate them to come in at the Weft end of Long*Ifland by Sandy
.Hoo&,where ISfytien Ifland forces them within the Command of the Fort at New Tork y
which is one of the bed Pieces of ^Defence in the North parts of America. It is built
moft of Brick and Stone, and covered with red and black Tyle, and the Land being
pa/ling farther,

and to wait

for

high,

it

confift

The

gives at a diftance a p'leafing profpect to the Spectators.

Inhabitants

moll of English and Dutch, and have a confiderable Trade with

Indians for

Deer and
Elkt-Skins ; and are fupply'd with Venifon and Fowl in the Winter, and Fifh in
the Summer by the Indians, which they buy at an eafie Rate and having the Countrey round about them, they are continually furnifh'd with all fuch Provifions as
is needful for the Life of Man, not onely by the Englifi and Dutch within their own,
Beaver, Otter, and ^achon'Skins, with other Furrs

as alfo

for Bear,

but likewife by the adjacent Colonies.

Manhattans

The Manhattans, or

River.

Great 3(rt^r,beingthe chiefeft, having with

,wafh'd the mighty Ifland Watom&aks,

is

call'd ffortMay, or Godyns'Bay.

States I/land

on

and a

little

falls

and Enemies to the

an Ifland

ver Manhattan are

The

call'd

higher the Manhattans, fo call'd from the Natives, which

Main Continent. They

Hollanders, as alfo

are a cruel Peo-

of the Sanhikans, which refide on the

War

manner all the Inhabitants on the Weft fide of the Ri*

commonly at Enmity with thofe that poifefs the Eaftern Shore

one againft another.

In like

to be at

alfo us'd

lies

Farther up are the Maktoraes and Mahikans, which continually

Weftern Shore.

who

The Southern Mouth

into the Ocean.

In the middle thereof

the Eaft fide of the River dwell on the

ple,

two wide Mouths

variance with the Hollanders, when as the other People

Weftward kept good Correfpondency with them.

On
Wholefom

a fmall Ifland near the Shore of the Mafctoaes, lay formerly a Fort, provided

with two Drakes and eleven Stone Guns, yet was at laft deferted.
This Countrey hath many removable Water-falls, defcending from

fteep

Rocks,

[Waters.

large Creeks and Harbors

Springs, fome of which boyl in

Summer.

The

Lakes and Rivulets, pleafant Fountains and

the Winter, and are cold and delightful to drink in

frefli

Inhabitants never receive any damage by Deluges

the Sea, becaufe the Water rifes not above a Foot

Trees.:

neither

from

nor by the fwelling Rivers,

;

which fometimes, for a few days covering the Plains, at their deferring them,
leave them fat and fruitful. The Sea*Coaft is Hilly, and of a fandy and clayie
Soil, which produces abundance of Herbs and Trees,
The Oak grows there generally fixty or feventy Foot high, and for the moft part
from Knots, which makes it the better fit for Shipping.
The Nut-trees afford good Fuel, and a ftrange Profped when

free

on

fire, either

Some

to hunt out a Deer, or to clear the

Plants brought hither,

grow

Ground

fit

Ketter than in Holland

the

Wood

is

fet

to be Till'd.

it felf,

as

Apples, Pears,

Cherries, Peaches, Apiicocks, Strawberries, and the like.

Their*

Ghap.

M E%,I C

II.

A.

171

The,r Vines grow wild in moft places, and

bear abundance of blue, white; and
Muskadme Grapes Sometime fince the Inhabitants
made a confiderable advan.
:age by the Wine of them, which is
not inferior

Vines!

to either ^henijhot French.

All manner of Plants

Lemmons, no

lefs

known

tijb

if ,t did

in their

pleafing to the Palate than healthful

ibout the bignefs of an indifferent

vhich

grow

in Europe

Cabbage

not turn fowre in a

fliort

Wine.

Gardens

when grown

The Water-

Water Lem^
mons.

ripe

they are

the Englijh prefs a Juice out'of them

time, might well be compar'd with Spa.

r
r

The Cdabajhes which grow

there, made hollow, ferve for

Water.cups.
Pumpions are alfo there in great abundance.
Their Wheat though Set fix Foot deep,
grows very

fpeedily

>eing planted

amongft

they will

it,

Gray Peafe grow here fo

faft,

wind about the

Kidney-Beans

Stalks thereof.

that they gather

In one Field Phyfical Herbs and

ey fpnngs above a Mans heighth.

them twice a year.

Migo grow wild in great abundance

Peafe.
,

and Bar.

Moreover, there are divers forts of

fweet-fmellina Flowers.
The Hills are moft of a fat and clayie Soil, fit
to make Pots, Tobacco-pipes, or
ny other fort of Earthen Ware.
*
In fome places alfo is ftore
of Mountain Cryftal, and that fort of Mineral
which
lecMMufco^Ghfs, Others afford Marble, Serpentine
Stone, and other forts
hard Stone. And though the
!
Natives did not think it worth their while
or were
ot ,n capacity to dig for
Minerals themfelves, yet it remains without
contradi|ton, that the Mountains
inclofe both Gold and Silver.
mlMm OUff'
E
><% us'd the Indian Interpreter
'

Z^A ? SI

foole call
! 1M
'J I
eople
d ^kuaes,

.t

o, the

Ch ar fe btW

>?he obferv'd
ur
)

Jour wh.ch he ,udg d

laid.Agbtrmf,

4W

to be

he put

fame, valud at

it

fix

him

nthe

mm.

into a Crufible,

Shillings;

A^croenfe

Company and the wild

to paint his Face with a

of fome rich Mineral

but keeping

yellow glittering

whereupon buying fome of

gain'd two finall piece! of Gold

"

Wheats

it

private, and purchasing a

I

great

Soyl of the
Mountains.

Gold and Si!,

ver-Mines.

iA

7*

M E %I C

areat quantity of the faid Mineral

from

A.*

(who had (how'd him

Jgheroenje

the

Moun-

which produced the fame) extracted good (tore of Gold out of it which poffe&incr Cliejf with a belief of having found out a bufinefs of great confequence, he
Tent Jrent Corfen of Kew-haVen with the fore-mention'd Mineral to Holland but the
Ship being never heard of afterwards, and the Princefs Pink, in which Captain
tain

was himfelf, with (lore of the new-found Mineral, being caft away, the Bu*
finefs came to nothing.
The Inhabitants, though divided into feveral Nations, yet agree in many things,
as in paintincr their Bodies, Shields, Clubs, and other Utenfils in their Houfes.
Cliejf

raint after a
ftrange

man-

ner.

The Colours wherewith

make them of
not unlike the

paint themielves

they

they prefs out of Plants, or

grownd into very fine Powder. The cHiefeft Plant is

Myrtle, onely it hath more Boughs, and bears red Berries the Juice
certain Stones

of which being dry'd in the Sun, is afterwards preferv'd in little Bags. The
tives temper their Colours with Water, and paint their Bodies with the fame
is as

good

Purple

a very rough

as

manner

can be found.
:

They

draw

alio

It

Ships, Trees, and Beafts after

wear

In Head of Feathers they

Na-

which being
Rain on the

pleited Hair,

coloured red, hath an excellent glofs^ which never fades though

it

fame*
Horfes.

The

Horfes bred

land or Utrecht,

in this

Countrey, being either brought thither from

far exceed thofe oiEnglijh breed

ftranse Difeafe 3 of

which many

but are both of them

few hours.

die in

Etig*

fiibjedt to

The fame Diftemper

alfo feizes

But the onely thing to cure the fame, is

on Cattel if they go into Forreft Pafture
Hay from fait Marfliy Grounds.
The Oaken Woods have ftore of Hogs, which if taken and fatned with Turkijh
Wheat, are moft delicious Meat.
:

Sheep, though they breed well there, yet are very fcarce, becaufe the Planters notbeing able to fpare Men to watch them, they are often devoured by"

The

Wolves.

There

are alfo

abundance of Deer,

of Fowls, Turkies, GqqCq, Ducks,

all forts

Pigeons, and the like.

The Lyons, whofe

tain fifteen days

There

Moun-

Skins the Indians bring to Market, are taken on a high

journey South-Weft from thence.

are likewife

many

black Bears, fearful of

humane

kind, but if Hunted,

they fleep all the Winter, lying fix

they run dired on thofe that purfue them
Weeks on one fide, and fix on the other, and fucking their Feet all the time They
:

generally lurk

On

among Brambles,

fome hollow Mountain.

kind of Beaft which hath

or in the Concavities of

the Borders of Canada there

is

feen fometimes a

fome refemblance with a Horfe, having cloven Feet, fhaggy Mayn, one Horn juft
on their Forehead, a Tail like that of a wild Hog, black Eyes, and a Deers Neck
the Males never come amongft the females
it feeds in the neareft Wildernefies
except at the rime when they Couple, after which they grow fo ravenous, that they
:

not onely devour other Beafts, but alfo one another.

Towards
Erafmus

the South of

Stella)

New

are betwixt a

York are

Horfe and

tution, yet they die of the fmalleft

nefs

they have broad branchy

many
a

Stag

Buffles, Beafts
:

to

though they are of a ftrongConfti*

Wound, and

Horns

which (according

are fubjecl: to the Fallingfick-

like a Stag, fhort Tail,

rough Neck, Hair

colour'd according to the feveral Seafons of the Year, broad and long Ears, hangThe Females
ino- Lips, little Teeth, and Skin fo thick, as not eafie to be pierced
:

both may eafily be made tame

from the Males, for they have no Horns
when Hunted, they vomit out a fort of fcakling Liquor on the Dogs: they hav<
differ

greai

mtmmmtmmmm

Chap.

II.

f^^^f ^

C aW

M E%_IC

A.

%h "

theyCankiU a Wolf withthe 6*eit

oneblow:
a 0d Dkt th6irClaWS
alfo curc

^ *^&.

'

ficknef!

But no Beafts are more plentiful here than

Harts and Stags, which feed
ud and
down m great Herds: when they are Hunted by
Wolves o^Men, they immedt
ately take the next River where they
are caught feveral together,
by beLgToft'd
ight6d hY
ECCh Whkh COm f' m
Mountai s

h """""*l
h n
n8 n the ther Sh0re which

H TV*' tT

-**

'
'

*. fearful of
Landmg . whrlft the Huntfmen joyning feveral pieces
of Wood together get upon^them, and Rowng towards thefe Deer,
intercept them, being tir'd and
out of

Moreover

this

Countrey breeds

many Musk

Grounds.

Cats, efpecially in Marfhv

Theft Beafts are beautiful to the

Eye, having black fpeckled Ski
theu Mouths full of (harp Teeth, and
their Tails being long trail
after them
Many of the Learned maintain a Difpute concerning
Civet, Whether it be the
ed of the Over-Cat
the
Affirmative,
,
which CV^maintain'd, is contradict
d
Mattholus an Author of no
little credit, fuppofts that
Civec is
:he Sweat of the Cat becauft it
is moft chiefly

**~

hl^Mm

taken

TT

when

theft Beafts are exceed

'

finCC Che

Sweat rUnS from *"*' f the

Body
lt neverthelefs do not all produce Civet, it
|b.ch
is impoffible that
Sweat mould be
..vet.
Others account Civet to be the
Dung of the Cats which laft
s to

nearCft t0

IT

lefty pans about f.

the.rP.zzle,
,

be d.fcharg d of th.s C.vet

awn on

thoft

wh lc h

STt

ai 'y

for

take

* *

nothing

elft

but

or near the Fundament.

free

themftlves from

Excrement

'an

The

Cats being in p n
8
by rubbing a Tree ad aft

from them with a Spoon.

Befides all other
c
%.
wild
j
who Crenmrpc
creatures, *L
thea r^~
Countrey
according to Adrian fonder
hnk? r
produces yearly eighty Cnouland
thousand Rmv^-c
r
n
Bea veis. (PI
<P//hji relates, that
/
thefe Beafts bite
il
f
D
ffcncir
Pizz cs and throw them to the Hunter,
which are an exceeding good Meerne to help Abortion, Hop
the Monethly Flowers, Giddinefs
in the Head
it

Gout,

**- to.3*.

""

M E <KI C

*A

7fc

Chap.

J.

II.

Gout, Lamenefs, Belly and Tooth.ach, Rhumes, Poyfon, and the Evil. But Tliny
makes a great miftake herein, for the Beavers have a fmall Piflel faften'd to their

Back bone,
lives

They

live in

Wood, which

Nefts built of

manner

manner, that they cannot loofe them but with hazard of their
the Water, and on the Shore, in great companies together, in

in fuch a

The Beavers

deferve no fmall admiration

fird gather all the loofe

being

Wood, which

made

after this

they find along the

Banks of the Rivers, of which, if there be not enough, they bite the Bark off from
the Trees in the neighboring Woods, then with their Tusks, of which two grow
above, and two below in their Mouths, they
long,

on

drops afunder

till it

Their Nefts very

Clay to keep out Rain

the top with

which they run

the River, into

by continual moving of

delicious

Meat

in the middle

which

his Tail,

The

that can be had.

is flat

high, cover'd

a paffage which; goes to

is

Man

Winter keeps open the

in the

of the Tree fo

artificial, are fix Stories

foon as they perceive a

lb

one of them ftands Sentinel, and

ing,

gnaw the main body

to wjficK

j^igjel

W^fMo^ 9&^'
:

without Hair,

aiid

tn^ntpft

Beavers go big fixteenWeefcs^mdoncGa.

year bring forth four young, which fuck and cry like yburig

Dam

of them

rifes

On her hinder

and gives

Eeet,

Ghil<^^|^for the
her Teats, which gr&w between

two of her yoting, elch of them one the foremoft legs of a Beaver
referable thofe of a Dog, the hrndermofi: thofe of aGoofe
on each fide of the vent
are two fwellings within two thin Skins
out of their vent runs generally an Oily
moyfture, with which they anoint all the parts of their body which they can reach,
to keep them from being wetj within they are like a cut-up Hogj they live on the!
they love their young ones exceedingly
Leaves and Barks of Trees
the long
Hairs, which mining, (tick out on the back, fall off in Summer, and grow again
they have Chort Necks, ftrong Sinews and Legs, and move very
againft Harveft
if incompafs'd by Men or Dogs, they bite
fwiftly in the Water, and on the Land
the fore-legs

t,o

mo ft feverely

by Phyficians,

the right CaHoreunifo highly efteem'd

is

a long Ve(ica y

not unlike a Pear, within the body/of the female Beaver, thz Indians mince the Cods
of the Male Beavers amongft their Tobacco, becaufe they produce no Cajloreum.
Fowls

in

This Country abounds alfo with Fowls for befides Hawks, Kites, and other
Birds of Prey, there are abundance of Cranes, of feveral forts, fome grey, fome
all of them have firm Bodies, and Bones withoutMarbrown,others quite white
row, Claws of a finger long, ftrong and crooked Bills, their Brains dry, their Eyes
;

and hollow, hard Features, the

little

left

Foot

lefler

than the right, both deform'd,

Blood thick, and the Excrements of a horrid fmell ; they breed moft in old
Woods, whofe ground is without ^rambles, and alfo near the Water, for they

their

feedonFifti, and devour

and feveral other

tels,

Air
:

their prey

they drink

Eggs

three

at Sun-rifing

little,

they

fome of them

fall like

fly

abroad for

Lightning on what

e're

except the Blood of thofe Creatures which they de-

with the Hens of Hawks, and other Birds

in thirty days,

and the

young; thofe of them

thrown out of their Nefts

wonderful

cjuick

lefler in

they lay their big-

they generally bring forth

young ones when they begin to be

and let flie, but fupported by them

the

for though they

yet they can fee the leaft Fifh that

Breath (links horribly

twenty days

that cannot endure to look full againft the Sun,

the old carry'd into the Air,

their

they are very libidinous, coupling above thirty times a day, not only with

their like, but alfo

geft

they feize on one anorher

about noon, others

they piirfue

vour

forts

when hungry,

nay,

of Fowls, nay, fnatch up Hares, Rabbets, Torof Animals, which they carry away with them in the

all forts

flie

is

as

are

by

fledg'd, are
their fight

is

high as ever they are able to be difcern'd,

in the

Water, and a Hare lying

wherefore their Carcafes fuddenly rot

in the Bufhes:
5

though they
are

Chap.
:

are libidinous, yet they live long

when

they

fore they

M E%^I C

t/

II.

grow
up

flie

grow

old,

mod

A.

75

of them die of hunger, becaufe their Bills

cannot open the fame, where-

fo crooked, that they

Sun

into the Air againft the

and falling into the coldeft Rivers,

loofe their Feathers and die.

Befides the foremention'd Birds of prey, there are

abundance of Storks, Ravens,

Crows, Owls, Swallows, Gold-finches, Ice-birds, Kites, Quails, Pheafants, and

Winter I\jngs and which are moft remarkable for their rich Feathers, the Spechtes,
y

they pick great holes in Trees, and

The Pigeons

Tree.

place where they

ferve

them

for a

Moreover,

it

fuch flocks,

it
5

a noife as if a

immediately dies

if

were cutting

down

remove with them to the

young ones being taken by hundreds,

the

York breeds a ftrange Bird

lives

Man

that the Indians

make their Nefts,where

Moneths Provifion.

T<(eu>

ttering Feathers

flie in

make

about a

by fucking of Flowers

water be fpirted upon

like a

Thumb

long,

Bee, and

is

full

fo tender

the Carcafe being dry'd,

it
;

of

gli-

that

is

kept

Pigeons.

Pretty Bird*,

for a Rarity.

But

this

Countrey abounds

chiefly in

Turkies

admiration than their bulk, and the delicious

forty or

fifty in

whofe plenty deferves no

Turkies.

lefs

of their Fle(h,for they go feeding

tafte

a flock, and weigh fometime forty or fifty

pound apiece the Naon an Angle In March and

5

tives either flioot

them, or take them with

Harveft the Waters

fwarm with Geek,

a Bait fhick

Teal, Suites, Ducks, and Pelicans, befides

many ftrange forts of Fowls not known in Eutope.

The Rivers and Lakes produce Sturgeon, Salmon, Carps, Pearch, Barbils, all
forts of Eels, and many other Fifli which are taken near Waterfalls
The Sea af-

Fiih,

fords Crabs with and without Shells, Sea-cocks, and Horfes,

Cod, Whiting,Ling,
Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Tar*buts, Tortels, and Oyfters, of which fome are
a Foot long, and have Pearl, but are a

Amongft
dangerous

the

is

little

brownifh.

Poyfonous Creatures which

the Rattle-Snake

infeft

whofe defcription

New York, the chiefeft and moil

we have already had at large in

JRjittle

Snahe,

NeTfr England.

The

Inhabitants have their Hair black as Jet

harfh like Horfe-hair

they are

broad Shoulder'd, fmall Wafted, brown Ey'd, their Teeth exceeding white with
Water they chiefly quench their Thirft Their general Food is Fle(h,Fi{h,and Indian

ConfHtuti-

ob of the

In-

habitants.

t,

Their Diet.

Wheat, which ftamp'd,

no

fet

is

boyl'd to a Pap, by them call'd Sappaeh

They

time to Eat, but when they have an Appetite their Meals begin.

Tails are amongft them accounted a great Dainty

live feveral days

middle

a little

Henry Hudfon

faw

the Indians

When

they go to

obferve

Beavers

Hunt

on parch'd Corn, which they carry in little Bags ty'd about

of that faid Corn thrown into Water fwells exceedingly.
relates,

make

That

they
their

Sailing in the River Montains, in forty Degrees, he

ftrange Geftures in their

Dancing and Singing

;

farther, that they carry'd Darts pointed

he obferv'd

with fharp Stones, Sodder'd to the Wood-

Mats or Leaves- took much Tobacco, and very

ftrongj and that though courteous and friendly, they were very Thieves. He
Sailing thirty Leagues further, went in his Boat to an old Indian Commander of
forty Men and feventeen Women, who conducted him to the Shore, where they ail
dwelt in one Houfe, artificially built of the Barks of Oak-trees
round about it
lay above three Ships load of Corn, and Indian Beans to dry, befides the Plants
which grew in the Fields. No fooner had Hudfon enter'd the Houfe but he was
receiv'd on two Mats fpread on the ground
and two Men immediately were fent
that they flept under the Sky on

out to (hoot Venifon or Fowls

fat

Dog,

whom

and inftantly returning, brought two Pigeons

they nimbly flea'd with fhells

was

alfo laid

down

to the

fire

a
:

They

Hudfon

adventures
1

eniarkabie.

\76

They

alio

made

M E %I C

Chap. 1L

A.

other Preparations for Hudfons Entertainment, but not willing to

Venture himfelf amongft them, that Night,tafted not of it, notwithftanding the
dians

breaking their Darts, threw them into the

away
Xew NeApparel.

that thereby they

Men, are few the Women go more

Winter pinches them with excetfive cold, yet

Habits of the Natives, efpecially of the

neat than the

might drive

and jealoufies from him.

all fears

The

therlander!

fire,

In*

Men

they go naked

till

Whale-fins and

and though the

the
;

Men

Men

Women

wear a Girdle of
put a piece of Cloth, half an Ell long, and

their thirteenth year

Sea*JJ?ells

Both

and

three quarters broad, between their Legs, fo that a fquare piece hangs behind be-

low his Back, and another before over his Belly. The Women wear a Coat which,
comes half way down their Legs,fo curioufly wrought with Sea-Jhetts ika& one Coac
fometimes coils thirty Pounds. Moreover > their Bodies are cover'd with Deerskins, the lappets or ends of which hang full of Points
a large Skin button'd on
the right Shoulder, and ty'd about the middle, ferves for an upper Garment, and
in the Night for a Blanket
Both Men and Women go for the molt part bareheaded
the Women tie their Hair behind in a tuft, over which they wear a fquare
Cap wrought with Sea*Jkelh, with which they adorn their Foreheads, and alfo wear
the fame about their Neck and Hands, and fome alfo about their middle. Before
the Hollanders were Planted here, they wore Shoes and Stockings of Buffelo' siskins ;
fome likewife made Shoes of Wheaten=>ftraw , but of late they come nearer to our
3

Fafliions

The Men

Paint their Faces with leveral Colours-

put here and there a black Spot

Their houfei.

the

Women

only

both of them are very referv'd.

Their Houfes are moft of them built ofonefafhion, onely differing in length ;
all of them agree in breadth of twenty Foot
They build after this manner they
:

Boughs of Nut*Trees in the ground, according to the bignefs of the

place which they intend to build , then joyning the tops of the Boughs together,
they cover the Walls and top with the Bark of Cyprefs, Allien, and Cheft-nutTrees
which are laid one upon another , the fmalleft fide being turn'd inwards
fet

Peel'd

according to the bignefs of the Houfes, feveral Families^ to the number of fifteen

dwell
Ill

Chap.

M E 2L

cl/

II.

dwell together, everyone having

them

on fteep Hills

built

they are built after this manner

on each

(palhjadoes

fet

fide,

They

twenty or

thirty Houfes, of

fome

all

of them

the River fide to Fidi

their

Game

To

fee

which fome

againft

one place,

at

Ground, with Oaken

between the crofles they

this inclos'd they generally build

hundred and eighty Foot long, and

are a

Summer

In the

onely

great Poles in the

Within

is

mod of

they pitch Tents along by

Winter they remove into the Woods, to be near

Remove,

of Hunting, and alfo Fuel.

take -many

who Marry

Work

of People

full

them

the accefs to

crofs-ways one amongft another

other Trees, to ftrengthen the

lefs,

if J

Their Fortifications are

Apartment!,

his

near Rivers

I C A,

Women

is

not cuftomary here

which

three or four Wives,

ference betwixt

them

only amongft Military Officers,

fo we'll agree,

thofe that are not of Age, never

and advice of their Parents

Widows and

that there

on and choice; only they take Cognizance of their

Bridegroom always prefents the Bride for the leaft

never any dif-

own

follow their

Eftates

opini-

and Extraction

ofTence, the

Man

The

having

after

foundly beaten his Wife, turns her out of Doors, and Marries another, infomuch,

lome of them have every year a new Wife

On breach of Marriage, the Children follow the Mother, from whom they account their Generation ; They account Adultery, if committed under the bare Canopy of Heaven, a great Sin
Whoring is Licenced to fingle Women, if they receive Money for it, and no Man
fcruples to Marry them
My, thofe that are Marry 'd, boaft how many they have
enjoy'd before their Marriage
She that is inclin'd to Marry
covers her whole
body, and fets her felf wrapt up in the middle of the way
where a Batchelor
palling by fees her, and makes up the Match blindfold
When impregnated, they
take great care that their Fruit receives no hindrance nor prejudice
When the

that

^Vive!

Marry but with the confent

Men

unniarry'd

is

Man y

Marriages.

Whoring permitted.

Strange Marrying.

time of their Delivery approaches, (which they

cholly place

in the

Woods, though

know exactly)

in the coldeft

chiid-beir-

they go to a Melan- JtLjeT&i^

Weather, where they

raife

up a

ons '

Hut of Mats, and bring the Child into tile World without any help or Company,
warn the Child in cold Water, and wrap it up in Mats then a few days after going home
they bring up the Infant with great care, none putting them out to

Nurfe

So long

Woman

as a

mit of Copulation

ficknefs they faithfully

fliut their

Eyes

manner

this
fet a

who

one

and

The Corps

Pot, Kettle,

When

any die

is

placed fitting with a Storte under

round about

it,

throwing Earth and Stones, they kt

the

any thing of it

In time of

the neareft Relations &&&&

its

Head, near

it

they

Provifions to ufe in the other World;

and cover

(pallifadees,

it

The Men make no

on which

over with Planks,

and make the Grave

c:which they fliew Veneration, wherefore they account

to deface

will not ad-

file

having watch' d them fome days, they are Interred after

Dim, Spoons, Money, and

Wood

then they pile

quick with Child,

is

hath the Flowers, never comes abroad

one another

aiTift

after

gives fuck, or

it

like a

Houfe,

a great piece of viilany

fliew of forrow over the

Dead, but

Women mourn exceedingly,

and carry themfelves very ftrangely, beating their

Faces, and calling night and day on the name of the De-

Breafts,

fcratching their

ceased

The Mothers make

great

Lamentation

at the

Death of their Children,

ef-

Mourning
remarkable;

pecially Sons

for they fhave off the Hair of their Heads,

burnt in the prefence of all their Relations

men when

their

Husbands

a Hart-skin Shirt,

mourn

die

which

is

which

at the

alfo perform'd

befides, they black all their Faces,

whole year, notwithstanding they

Funeral

by

the

is

Wo*

and putting on

liv'd

very conten-

tiouily together.

On fome

occafions they go a Worfliipping of the Devil, to a certain place where Conjurm

the Sorcerers

fhew ftrange

Feats of Activity,

tumbling over and over, beating

them*

',

over the dead

AMERICA.

i;8

Ghap.

themfelves, and not without great noife leaping in and about a great Fire

make a

they

great

Cry

all

upon which

together

II,

at laft

they fay), the Devil appears to

(as

them in thefhape either of a tame or wild Beaft: the firfb Signifies bad ,and the other
good fortune both inform them of future Events, though darkly and if the bu;

out contrary, they affirm that they have not rightly underftood the Demeaning. Moreover they bewitch fome in fuch a manner, that they foam at

ilnefs fall
vil's

Mouth, throw themfelves

the

foon

as they

into the Fire, and beat themfelves feverely

whifper in the Ear of thofe

whom

and

fo

they have bewitch'd, they immedi-

ately recover their former health.

Language of
the iVTcw Neihtrlanders.

The Language of this Countrey

is

very various, yet

it is

divided inteonely four

principal Tongues, as the Manhattans, Wappanoo, SiaVanoo,

very difficult

and hftnquas, which are

for Strangers to learn, becaufe they are fpoken without any Grounds

or Rules.
Money.

Their Money

made of

is

twice a year by the Sea

the middle, cutting

the innermoft Shells of a certain ShefUfifh, cait

Thefe

fmooth, and make a Hole in

Shells they grind

them of an exact

bignefs,

and

up

fo

put them on Strings, which

then ferve in Read of Gold, Silver, and Copper Coin.

Vices

Now

and

Vertues.

to fay Something of the Vices and Vertues of the Inhabitants.

in the firft place very flovenly

and nafty, ftubborn, covetous,

Some appear

addicted to filching and Healing.

They are
revengeful,and much

few words, which

they utter after ferious consideration, and remember a long time. Their Understandings being improved by the Hollanders, they are quick of apprehenfion, to diftinguifh good from bad they will not endure any Oppreffion,but are very patient
of Heat,Cold,Hunger and Third. They have a ftrange way of ufing Stoves, which
referv'd, ufing

Strange
Stove?.

Ground and covered with Earth, into which they go through a little
Door. A fick Perfon coming into the fame, fets himfelf down, and places hoc
Stones round about him
which done, and having fweat a considerable time, he
leaps into cold Wajer, by which he finds e;afe of all his Diftempers.
Though thefe People know no great distinction between Man and Man, as
are

fez in

the

other Nations, yet they have noble and ignoble FamiHes amongft them

and

which they enjoy by Inheritance

inferior Offices,

Offices are beftowed according to the

dom

but fometimes the Martial

Valour of the Perfons

Their Generals

fudden

Sallies

compeird

to

it

from Ambufcado's

it,

but

drawing or dividing their Men into Rewhole Defign to" defeat their Enemies by

their

for they never ftand out a clofe Fight, unlefs

encompafs'd round, they

if

danger threatens, the

fight to the laft

Man.

When any

Women

and Children are convey'd to a fecure place. Their

Arms formerly were Bowes and Arrows, and Battel-axes, but now they ufe Muf

Arms.

quets,

which they have

Shields cover

all their

learn'd to handle with great dexterity.

Bodies and Shoulders.

About

their

P emarkable
of

fome Prifon-

Their fquare

Heads they

Skin, in the middle of which flicks either a Fox's or Bear's Tail.

cis.

fel-

give their Enemies a Field-Battel, by

giments or Companies, but make

aftioiis

fuperior

tie

a Snakes

They cannot be

known by their Faces, they are all over fo befmear'd with Paint of divers colours.
They feldom give Quarter to their Enemies, except Women and Children, which
the Conquerors ufe as their own, that by that means they may increafe and
flrengthen themfelves

but

falls

into the

and

if

any Prifoner

is

not kill'd prefently after the Battel,

Hands of one whofe Relations have formerly been

flain

by his

Roafled three days by degrees before he gives up the Ghoft. It deferves no fmall admiration, that the Sufferer during the whole time of his Torture,

Party, he

Sings
Laws."

till

is

he breathes his

laft.

They

have few or no Punifhments for any Offence,

committing few Crimes* which are by them accounted Capital.

If

any one

fteal,

and

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

and the Goods be found

in his cuftody, the

commands him onely to

reftore the

Governor of
fame to the Owner.

where he refides
If any one murther or kill
if they can take the Malefa&or in twenty four

the other, the Relations of the flain,

hours,

may without Examination

or delay put

him

the place

to death alio
;

being once expir'd, the Revenger

tions

whom he

flew.

Prefents delivered
as

many

is

liable to be kill'd in the

All Obligations have their

upon

the

but that time

making of

Sticks as they have Articles,

fame time by his Relapower and vertue from certain

Contract, which

done thus They dry

which if they agree upon, every Man on the
a

is

-concluding of the Difcourfe lays a Prefent before the others Feet* Sometimes they
hang up the Prefents, becaufe they are often three days in Confultation before they
refolve ; after which if the Prefents be taken down, it is a certain nVn of their

Agreement

are alter'd.

but if not, they proceed no farther, unlefs the Articles and Prefents
On Bufineffes of confequence the Commonalty repair to their Gover*

nor's Houfe, there to hear

concluded or refolv'd on

and enquire what the Nobility there aflfembled have

at which the beft Orator {landing up, tells them their

Council- Afj
fembly.

happens fometimes that a turbulent Perfon making a Mutiny, and

refuting to hearken to reafon, is immediately beheaded by one of the Nobility
Intentions.

It

in contradiction of

which none dare prefumeto fpeakthe lean: word.

There are fcarce any fteps of Religion found amongftthefe People, onely they
fuppofethe Moon to have great influence on Plants. The Sun, which overlooks
all things, is call'd to

much

ftand

witnefs whene're they Swear.

They

Religion^

bear great refped, and

of Satan, becaufe they are often plagued by him when they go a

Hunting or Fifliing wherefore the firft of what they take is burnt in honor of
him, that he to whom they afcribe all wiekednefs might not hurt them. When
in fear

they

feel

pain in any part of their Body, they fay that the Devil

fits

in

Diabolical
Worfhip.

the fame.

They, acknowledge that there refides a God above the Stars, but troubles not himfelf with what the Devil doth on Earth, becaufe he continually recreates himfelf
with a moft beautiful Goddefs, whofe original is unknown
Sht on a certain time

Their ridiculous

Opinion

of God.

(fay they)

defcended from Heaven into the Water, (for before the Creation

things were WaterJ into which

all

As

alfo of the
Creation.

had inftantly funk, had not the Earth arofe under her Feet", which grew immediately to fuch a bignefs, that there appeared a
World of Earth, which produced all forts of Herbs and Trees whilft the Goddefs
fiie

taking to her felf a Hart ,Bear,and Wolf, and Conceiving by them, die was not long
after delver'd of feveral Beafts at one time
and from thence proceeded not onely
:

the diverfity of Beafts, but alfo Men, of which fomeare black, white, or fallow
;
in nature fearful like a Hart, or cruel and valiant like a Bear, or deceitful
like

Wolves:

Mother of all things afcended up to Heaven again, and

Supream Lord, whom they fay they know not, becaufe they

after this the

fported there with the

never faw him

wherefore they (hall have

anfwer for than

which
pretend to know him to be the Puniflier of things both good and bad, which are
aily committed by them
and for this ridiculous Opinion they can hardly be
:

lefs to

Qjriftians,

brought to embrace the Qmftian Faith.

Concerning the Souls of the Deceafed,they believe, that thofe which have been
good in their life-time, live Southward in a temperate Countrey,where they enjoy
all manner of pleafure and delight when as the
Wicked wander up and down in a

Of

Im-

the

mortality
the Soul,

of

miferable Condition.

The Eccho which

the Night, they fuppofe to be the

Bodies.

At

refounds from the Cries of wild Beafts in

Spirits

of Souls tranfmigrated into wicked

Canned s or Dancing-Matches, where all Perfons that come are freely

Entertained, it being a Feftival time. Their Cuftoffl is
when they Dance, for the
their

Their Canti-

Spectator

ex's,-

cing,

or

Dan-

ME'KIC A.

iSo

Chap.

II.

Spectators to havefhort Sticks in their Hands, and to knock the Ground and Sing

Dance fometimes

Warlike poftures, and then they

with their Faces black and ted, or Tome all black, fome all

altogether, whilft they that

come in painted

for

War

act

of white under their Eyes, and fo jump and leap up and

without any order, uttering many Exprcffions of their intended Valour.

red, with

down

fome

ftreaks

For other Dances they onely fhew what antick Tricks their ignorance will lead
them to, wringing of their Bodies and Faces after a ftrange manner, fometimes
jumping into the Fire, fometimes catching up a Firebrand, and biting off a live
Coal, with many fuch tricks, that will affright ra.ther than pleafe an Eaglifl?*ma.n

upon them, refembling rather a company of infernal Furies than Men.

When their King or Sachem fits in Council, he hath a Company of Arm'd Men to
guard his Perfon, great refpeel: being fhewn him by the People, which is princito look

Their fitting
Council

hi

pally manifefted by their filence. After he hath declared the caufe of their

vention, he

demands

Opinion, ordering

their

who

begin

(liall

Con-

The Perfon

or-

no

Man

ever interrupting any Perfon in his Speech, nor offering to fpeak, though he

make

der'd to fpeak,

hath declar'd his mind,

after he

many long

them he hath done

tells

no more to fay. The Council having

all declar'd their Opinions, the King after fbme paufe gives the definitive Sentence,
which is commonly feconded with a fhout from the People, every one feeming to
applaud and manifeft their AiTent to what is determin'd.
If any Perfon be condemn'd to die, which is feldom, uniefs for Murther or In*
ceft, the King himfelf goevout in Perfon (for you mufl underftand they have no
Prifons, and the guilty Perfon flies into the Woods) where they go in quell: of him,
and having found him, the King (hoots firft, though at never fuch a diftance,
and then happy is the Man that can fhoot him down for he that hath the fortune to be Executioner, is for his pains made fome Captain, or other Military
never fo

ftops, till he fays he hath

Officer.

They
ral

and Hair very often, and paint

greafe their Bodies

their Faces

with feve*

Colours, as black, white, red, yellow, blue, <?c. which they take great pride

in,

every one being painted in a feveral manner.

Within two Leagues of New

fomething Southerly

of

it

It is

very good Land,

LongIjland doth, befides

Betwixt

this

it is

it

bears

from

about twenty Miles long, and four or

full

of Timber, and producing

Tin and More of Iron Oar

likewife to be found there

and French , but

York lieth StateiuIJland,

There

is

but one

Town

all

fuch

2\Yfl?

five

York

broad, molt

Commodities

and the Qalamine Stone

upon

it,

Weft

is

as

faid

confining of Englifh

capable of entertaining more Inhabitants.

and Long-IJland

is

a large

Bay, which

is

the

coming

in for all Ships

and VeiTels out of the Sea.

On

North -fide of this Ifland After-skull River puts into the Main Land, on
the WefiSfide whereof there are two or three Towns, but on the Eaft.fide but one.
There are very great Marfhesor Meadows on both fides of it, excellent good Land,
and good convenience for the fetling of feveral Towns. There grows black Wal*
the

nut and Locuft,

as

any

in the

as there

doth

in Virginia,

North of America,

It

with mighty,tall,ftreight Timber,

produceth any

Commodity which

as

good

Long^Jfland

doth.

Hudfons River runs by 2{ey> York Northward into the Countrey, towards the
Head of which is feated NeTt> Jlbany, a Place of great Trade with the Indians, betwixt which and Ne")> York, being above a hundred Miles, is as good Corn- Land as
the

the

World affords, enough to entertain hundreds of Families, which in the time of

Dutch Government ofthefe Parts could not be fetled by reafon of the Indians, excepting

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

181

cepting one Place, call'd The Sobers, which was kept by a Garr Ton, but fince the Re-

ducement of thefe Parts under His Majefties Obedience, and \ Patent granted to
his Royal Highnefs the Duke of York, which is about fix years, by the care and diligence of the Honorable Collonel Nichols, fent thither as Deputy to his Highnefs,
fuch a league of Peace was made, and Friendfhip concluded betwixt that Colony
and the

that they have not refifted or difturb'd any Chriflians there, in the

India?is>

of any Lands within that Government, but every

Vine,and hath peaceably reap'd and enjoy 'd the Fruits

fetling or peaceable poffeffing

Man

hath fat under his

own

of their

own

Labors, which

God

continue.

Weft ward of Jfter- skull River before mentioned, about eighteen or twenty Miles,
runs in %aritan River Northward into the Countrey fome fcores of Miles
both
fides of which River are adorn'd with fpacious Meadows,enough to feed thoufands

**fo-X

The Wood*Land

very good for Corn, and ftor'd with wild Beafts,

of Cattel

as Deer,

Elks, and an innumerable

is

multitude of Fowl, as in other parts of the

This River is thought very capable for the erecting of feveral Towns
and Villages on each fide of it, no place in the North of America having better cc
venienceforthe maintaining of all forts of Cattel for Winter and Summer Food.
Upon this River is no Town fetled, onely one at the Mouth of it ; but next to it,
Countrey.

Weftward,

is

a Place call'd Neioafons

where are two or three

Towns and

Villages

none betwixt that and Delaware -Bay, which is about

fixty Miles, all which is a rich Champain Countrey, free from Stones, and indifferent level, having ftore of excellent good Timber, and very well watered, having
Brooks or Rivers ordinarily, one or more in every Miles travel. This Countrey
fetled

upon

the Sea-fide, but

peopled onely with wild Beafts, as Deer, Elks, Bears, and other Creatures, fo
that in a whole days Journey you fliall meet with no Inhabitants except a few
is

whofe broad-branch'd tops ferve for no other

tife, but to keep off the Suns heat from the wild Beafts of the Wildernefs, where is
Grafs as high as a Man's Middle, which ferves for no other end, except to mainIt js

Indians.

tain the Elks

alfo full of (lately Oaks,

and Deer,

every Spring to

who never

make way

think, themfelves

for

devour a hundredth part of

new.

it,

than to be burnt

How many poor People in the World would

happy, had they an Acre or two of Land,whilft here

is

hundreds,

nay thoufands of Acres that would invite Inhabitants.

Mouth of

Delaware Say the

,

and the

York

The
the

Capes

the River, lieth about the

mid way betwixt New

of Virginia,

Commodities for any to carry with them to this Countrey is Clothing,

Countrey being full of all forts of Cattel, which they may furnifli themfelves
beft

withal at an eafie Rate, for any fort of Englijh Goods, as likewife Inftruments for

Husbandry and Building, with Nails, Hinges, Glafs, and the like. They get a Livelihood principally by Corn and Cattel,which will there fetch them any Commodities

Likewife they Sowe ftore of Flax, which they make every one Cloth of for

own wearing

Woollen Cloth, and Linfey-woolfey and had they

more Tradefmen amongft them, they would in a little time live without the help
of any other Countrey for their Clothing
for Tradefmen there are none but live
their

as alfo

happily there, as Carpenters, Blackfmiths, Mafons,Taylors, Weavers, Shoemakers,

Tanners, Brickmakers, and fo any other Trade

Them

that have

no Trade

be*

Husbandry, get Land of their own, and live exceeding well.

We fliall conclude our Difcourfe of this Countrey with a notable Character giiren thereof by a late Writer, as to the great advantage of happy living in all retake themfelves to

pe&s,

for

whofoever

(hall be pkas'd to betake himfelf thither to live*

*>tUmt*i

AMERICA.

The Character of a ha_">-

py Country.

Chap.

II.

had by any People, efpecially of an inferior rank, it mud certainly be here. Here any one may furnifh
"himfelf with Land, and live Rent-free, yea, with fuch a quantity of Land, that
u he may weary himfelf with walking over his Fields of Corn, and all forts of

lF

fC

to be

there be any terreftrial happinefs (faith he)

" Grain, and let his Stock amount to fome hundreds he needs not fear there want
" of Pafture in the Summer, or Fodder in the Winter, the Woods affording fuffici" ent fupply, where you have Grafs as high as a Man's Knees, nay, as high as his
e
Wafte, interlaced with Pea-Vines, and other Weeds that Cattel much delight in,
" as much as a Man can pafs through
And thefe Woods alfo every Mile or half.

ec

Mile are

" during

furnifli'd

with

do quench

the heat of the day,

" Brooks and

Ponds, Brooks, or Rivers, where

frcfli

their third,

of Cattel,

all forts

and cool themfelves.

Thefe

Rivers being inviron'd of each fide with feveral forts of Trees and

Grape-Vines, Arbor*like interchanging places, and eroding thefe Rivers, do fliade

and (belter them from the fcorching beams of the Sun. Such as by their utmoft

" Labors

may

Lands and
" Pofleflions, (lock themfelves with all forts of Cattel, enjoy the benefit of them
whild they live, and leave them to their Children when they die. Here you need
can fcarcely get a Living,

here procure Inheritances of

not trouble the Shambles for Meat, nor Bakers and Brewers for Beer and Bread,
"nor run to a Linnen-Draper for a fupply, every one making their own Linnen

ct

and a great part of their woollen Cloth for their ordinary wearing. And how
prodigal (if I may fo fay) hath Nature been to furnifli this Countrey with all
a forts of wild Beads and Fowl, which every one hath an intereft in, and may Hunt
at his pleafure
c

may

furniib his Houfe

Venifon,Turkies, Geefe, Heath4iens, Cranes, Swans, Ducks.

Pigeons, and the like ; and wearied with that, he may go a Fifbing, where the
Rivers are fo furniib'd, that he may fupply himfelf with Fi(b before he can leave

with excellent

lc

where, befides the pleafure in Hunting, he

5

fat

Here one may travel by Land upon the fame Continent

hundreds of Miles, and pafs through Towns and Villages, and never hear the
leaft complaint for want, nor hear any ask him for a Farthing. Here one may

ec

off the Recreation.

;<

lodge in the Fields and Woods, travel from one end of the Countrey to another,
u with as
:i

much

one chance to meet with an Indian

ment they have, and upon

adds happinefs to

:i

'

cc

were lock'd within

fecurity as if he

pie in

all

his defire direct

the reft,

is

twenty years time never

as a great Mortality, if

two

it

may be perceived at

own Chamber

(ball give

him on

his

And

iJ

him the bed Entertain*

Way. But that which

where many Peo=

where they look upon it

the healthfulnefs of the Place,

know what

Sicknefs

or three die out of a

the fweetnefs of the Air, the

that

Town, they

his

Countrey

it

is
5

Town

in a years time.

felf fends forth

Sea before they can

make

the

Befides

fuch a fragrant fmell.

Land

No

evil

Fog

01

" Vapor doth any fooner appear, but a North=Wefl or Wefterly Wind immediately
" diflblves it, and drives it away. Moreover, you (ball fcarce fee a Houfe, but the
" South-fide is begirt with Hives of Bees, which increafe after an incredible man.
cc
So that if there be any terreftrial Canaan, 'tis furely here, where the Land
ner
:

floweth with Milk and Honey.

ANEW

I.

i
.

rw*

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

183

NEW DESCRIPTION
O

AND

RYL

SECT.
EforeWe proceed
will be

firft

whereby

I I

to the Defcription

of

Countrey,

this

requifite to relate the true occafion

this part

it

and means,

of America came to be erected into a Pro*

vince, and call'd Maryland.

Lord

In the Year of our

of King

tain'd

Minutes,

or.

on

'Baltemore ob*>

by the

Grant

Englijh)

between the Degrees of thirty feven and

;

which

is

fifty

bounded on

North, by Hew England, and Hewjerfey, part of New

the

lying on the Eaft fide of

on the

7)elan?are <Bay^

the Weft, by that part of the Continent which

Fountains of the River

Lord

(firft difcover'd

thereabouts, and forty of Northerly Latitude

the South by Virginia

York,

lies

George

Charles the Firft, of Great <Brittain,&c. a

of that part of Jmerica,

which

1631.

Eaft,

in the

lies

by the Ocean, and on

Longitude of the

firft

call'd fatomeck.

In purfuance of this Grant to his faid LordOiip, a Bill was prepar'd, and brought
to His Majefty to Sign,

being a Blank

who

firft

in the Bill defignedly left for the

ded mould have been

Crefcentia>
y

it

a Name', the

King proposed

honor of his Queen, whofe

to

what he mould call it, there

Name, which his Lordfhip inten*

ask'd his Lordfhip,

but his Lordfhip leaving

have

it

Name was

it

to His Majefty to give

Terra*MarU, in English, Mary-land,

call'd

in.

which was concluded on, and infers

ted into the Bill, which the King then Sign'd
and thereby the faid Trad of Land
was erected into a Province by that Name.
His Lordfhip fomewhat delaying the fpeedy pafling of it under the Great Seal
Mary

of England, dy'd in the

interim,

before the faid Patent was perfected

whereupon a
Patent,

Thefiumia^

AMERICA

184-

Chap.

II.

Patent of the faid Province was fhortly afterwards pafs'd to his Son and Heir,
(who was Chriften'd by the Name of Cacti, but afterwards confirmed by the Name

now Lord

of -Qtcitius,) the

June 20. 1632. in

rifdictions

under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date

the eighth Year of His faid Majefties Reign, with all Royal Ju*
Baltemore,

and Prerogatives, both Military and Civil

Enact Laws, Power of pardoning

er to

Honors, c^c. to be held of His

common

land in

two

By

County of

in the

Arrows of thofe parts, at the Caftle of

Week, and the fifth part of all Gold and Sil-

the faid Patent

is

Granted to

in the faid Province.

his Lordfliip, his Heirs

and Affigns,

part of a Pe?iinfula, lying in the parts of America, between the

" and the Bay of Qiefapeackon the Weft

i

Honor of Wmdfor

Indian

Wmdfor aforefaid, on Tuefday in Eafter

ver Oar, which (hall happen to be found
i

to confer

His Heirs and SuccelTors, Kings of Eng-

Soccage, as of His Majefties

Heirs and Succeflors for ever,

<

Pow-

yielding and paying yearly for the fame to His Majefty and to His

'Berks in England

Bounds.

Province, as

manner of Offences, Power

all

faid Majefty,

in the faid

all

Ocean on the

that
Eaft,

and divided from the other part thereof

by a right Line drawn from the Promontory, or Cape of Land call'd Watkins*

cc

Point, fituate in the aforefaid

<c

Latitude from the Equinoctial

Bay, near the River oHVigcho on the Weft, unto the

" main Ocean on the Eaft, and between that bound on the South, unto that pare
cc
of Delaware Bay on the North, which lies under the fortieth Degree of Northerly

where NeV? England ends

<f
cc

<c

ct

Land between the bounds

Bay caird Delaware Bay, in

aforefaid, that

Tract of

from the aforefaid

by the Degree aforefaid, unto the true

Meridian of the firft Fountains of the River of Patomeck , and from thence ftretching towards the South, unto the furtheft Bank of the faid River, and following

"

the Weft and South fide thereof, unto a certain place call'd Cinquack

(c

Mouth of the

faid River,

where

it

" Latitude.
By this Patent

his Lordfiiip

and

near the

Bay of Chefapeack, and from thence

Promontory, or place call'd Watkins-Point

falls

by a ftreight Line unto the aforefaid

" which lies in thirty feven Degrees and

Title.

to fay, palling

all that

a right Line

<

is

and

into the

fifty

Minutes, or thereabouts, of Northern

his Heirs

and Afligns are Created the true and

abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the faid Province, faving the Allegiance and

Soveraign Dominion due to His Majefty ,His Heirs,and SuccelTorsj fo thattie hath.4
thereby a Soveraignty Granted to him and his Heirs, dependant upon the Sovcraignty of the
The

firft

Seatin &

Crown

of England.

His Lordfliip, in the Year 1633. fent his fecond Brother Mr. Leonard Calvert, and
his third Brother Mr. George fahert, with divers other Gentlemen of Quality, and

number of two hundred Perfons at leaft, to fettle a Plantation

who fet Sail from the Corses in the IJle of Wight in England on ZfpVemb. 22.
fame Year having made fome ftay by the way, at the Barbadoes and St. Chri*

Servants to the
there

in the

Jlophers in America,

from whence

they arriv'd at Point Comfort in Virginia, on February^, following,

up the Bay of CheJ'ape ack, and Patomeck River

And having review'd the Country, and given Names to feveral places, they
pitch'd upon a Town of the Indians for their firft Seat, call'd Yoacomaco, (now Saint
fhortly after they Sail'd

which the then Governor Mr. Leonard Cahert, freely Purchased of the Nathere, for the Lord Proprietaries ufe, with Commodities brought from

Maries)
tives

England,

That which facilitated the Treaty and Purchafe of the faid place from the In*
dians, was a refolution which thofe Indians had then before taken, to remove higher
into the Countrey where it was more Populous, for fear of the Sa?ifquekanocks
(another, and more Warlike People of the Indians, who were their too near Neighy

>ors,

Ma


Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

is*

and inhabit between the Bays of Qwfapeack and Delaware) there being then
actual Wars between them, infomuch, that many of them were gone thither before
bors,

the English arriv'd

thofe

And

hath been the general practice of his Lordfhip, and

it

who were employed by him

in the

(who

purchafe the Natives Intereft,

Planting of the faid Province, rather to

will agree for the

fame

than to

at eafie rates)

which they feem to call their Right and Inheritance,

to the end all Difputes might be remov'd touching the forcible Incroachment upon
others, againft the Laws of Nature or Nations.

take

from them by

Thus

force,that

Province at the vaft Charges, and by the unweary'd Induftry and en-

this

deavor oftheprefent Lord Baltemore, the now abfolute Lord and Proprietary of
the fame was at firft Planted , and hath fince been fupply'd with People and other
NecelTaries, fo effe&ually
there

amounts

ment

there

to fifteen or twenty thoufand Inhabitants

allow'd to

a Chrifiian

is

Law

a Fundamental

is

herty of Conscience is

Man who

that in this prefent Year 1671. the

Perfons being

fatisfi'd

is

eftablifli'd there

all that

by

his

whofe Encourage*
Lordfliip, whereby hifor

Profefs to believe in Jefus Chrijl

danger of being difturb'd for

in

number of English

his

fo that

no

and

all

Religion

touching his Lordfliips Right, as Granted by his Superior So*

King pi Great 'Brittain, and poflefs'd by the confent and agreement of

the firft Indian Owners, every Perfon who repaireth thither, intending to become
an Inhabitant, finds himfelf fecure, as well in the quiet enjoyment of his Property,
veraign, the

as

of his Confcience.

Mr.

Chafles Calvert, his Lordfliips

fent thither

by

his Lordfliip to

onely Son and Heir, was in the Year, 1661.

Govern

this

who

Province and People,

hath hi-

therto continu'd that Charge of his Lordfliips Lieutenant there, to the general fatisfaction

and encouragement of all Perfons under

Government, or otherwife

his

concern'd in the Province.

The
from

precedent Difcourfe having given you a

its

fliort

Infancy to this day, together with an account of his Lordfliips Patent and

Right, by which he holds the fame ;

we will

the Countrey in general, and of the

Commodities

there, or

may

here fpeak fomething of the Nature of

that are either naturally afforded

be procur'd by Induftry.

The jClimate

is

very healthful, and agreeable with English Conftitutions

New-comers have moft of them heretofore had

in July and Augujl, a Sicknefs,

which

is

the

firft

call'd there

other than an Ague, with cold and hot Fits, whereof

for

Defcription of this Province

want of good Medicines

drinking too

much Wine and

who were more temperate,

Seafonings at all

down

but

year of their Planting there

but

Seafoning,

many

is

indeed no

heretofore us'd to die

and accommodations of Diet and Lodging

Strong-waters

though many, even

and that were better accommodated

and by

in thofe times,

never had any

but of late years, fince the Countrey hath been more open'd by

more plenty of English Diet,

there are very few die of thofe Agues, and many have no Seafonings at all, efpecially
thofe that live in the higher parts of the Country, and not near to the Marflies and
the cutting

of the Woods, and that there

is

Saltwater.

In

Summer,

the heats are equal to thofe of Spain, but qualified daily about

Noon }

at that

time of the Year, either with fome gentle Breezes, or fmall Showres of

Rain

In Winter there

is

Froft

and Snow, and fometimes

it

is

extremely cold,

infomuch, that the Rivers and the Northerly part of the Bay of Chefapeack are Frozen, but it feldom lafts long j and fome Winters are fo warm, that People have
gone in half Shirts and Drawers only at Chrifimas But in the Spring and Autiimri,'
:

(Vi^) in March, April, and May, September , October, and November , there

is

generally

molt

The number
of Inhabitants.

M E %I C

i8tf

temperate Weather

mod pleafant

Chap.

A.

The Winds there

from

are variable,

II.

South

the

comes Heat, Gufts, and Thunder from the North or North-Weft, cold Weather 5
and in Winter, Froft and Snow from the Eaft and South-Eaft, Rain.
The Soyl is very fertile, and furnifti'd with many pleafant and commodious
\

Rivers, Creeks, and Harbors.

The Country

is

fome

generally plain and even, and yet diftinguifh'd with

pret-

The Woods are

and Rifings, with variety of Springs and Rivulets
for the moil part free from Underwood, fo that a Man may Travel or Hunt for his
ty fmall Hills

Recreation.

ordinary entrance by Sea into this Country

each from the other about (even or eight Leagues

The

Henry

the North, Cape Charles

gable for at leaft

between two Qapes

is

the South Cape

within the Capes you enter into a

two hundred Miles, and

is

call'd Cbefapeack

Bay }

is

diftant

calFd Cape

fair (Bay,

Navi-

ftr etching it felf

Northerly through the heart of the Countrey, which adds much to its Fame and
Value Into this Bay fall many ftately Rivers, the chief whereof is <Patomeck, which
:

is

Navigable for

at leaft a

hundred and forty Miles

The

next Northward,

is

Ta-

from the other about twenty Miles, a River yielding

and by reafon of the Iflands and
great Profit as well as Pleafure to the Inhabitants
other places of advantage that may Command it , both fit for Habitation and Defence
Pafling hence to the Head of the Bay, you meet with feveral pleafant and
tuxent, at its entrance diftant

commodious
count of

and

Iflands

On
.

Delaware 'Bay
fair
The natural
Commodities

ofthTcoun;
trey

we

Rivers, which for brevity

here omit to give any particular ac-

commodious Rivers, Harbors, Creeks,

to the Northward whereof you enter into another fair Bay, call'd
wide at its entrance about eight Leagues, and into which falls a very
the Eaftern Shore are feveral

Navigable River.

This Countrey yields the Inhabitants many excellent things for Phyfick and
Chyrurgery they have feveral Herbs and Roots which are great Prefervatives
;

which prefently cures the bitings of the %attle- Snake y

which are very Venomous, and are bred in the Countrey others that cure all
manner of Wounds they have Saxafras Sarfaparilla , Gums and Balfoms, which
againft Poyfon, as S?uke~<%oot,

Experience (the Mother of Art) hath taught them the perfect ufe of.
An Indian feeing one of the English much troubled with the Tooth-ach, fetched a

Root out ofaTree,which apply'd

ty

other Roots they have

to the

for Dyers,

fit

Tooth, gave

eafe

immediately to the Par-

wherewith thcjndians Paint themfelves as

Tacoone (a deep red,) c^c.

The Timber of thefe parts is good and ufeful for Building of Houfes and Ships,
there is likewife black Wallthe white Oak for Pipe-ftaves, the red for Wainfcot
j

Nut, Cedar, Pine, and Cyprefs, Cheft-nut, Elme, Alii, and Popelar, all which are
for Building and Husbandry
Fruit-trees, as Mulberries, Perfimons, with feveral
kind of Plumbs, and Vines in great abundance.
:

Of Strawberries there
berries in June,

is

plenty, which are ripe in April y Mulberries in May, Raf-

and the Maracok, which

is

fomething

like a

Lemon,

is

ripe in Jugttjl*

In Spring time there are feveral forts of Herbs, as Corn-fallet, Violets, Sorrel, Pur-

and others which are of great ufe to the English there.

In the upper parts of the Countrey are fiuffeloes, Elks, Tygers, Bears, Wohes, and
great ftore of Deer ^ as alfo Beavers, Foxes, Otters, Flying-Squirils, (Racoons, and
flane,

many other forts of Beafts.

Of Birds, there is the Eagle, Gofhawk,
//j

alfo wild

Turkies

in great

Falcon, tanner, Sparrow-hawk, and M*r*

abundance, whereof

weight and upwards, and of Partridge great plenty

many weigh
:

fifty

Pounds

in

There are likewife fundry

forts

Chap.

AMERICA

II.

of finging Birds, whereof one

~orts

xher Birds
Dlack

fomeare

red,

and yellow, which

which

call'd a

is

Mock-Bird, becaufe

fing like Nightingales, but

laft fort excels

more

much

it

imitates all

louder

others

Beauty than tune, and is by the

English there call'd the Baltemore-Bird, becaufe the Colours of his Lord (hips Coat oj
krms are black and yellow Others there are that refemble moft of the Birds in
in

but not of the fame kind, for which

England,

we have no names

In Winter there

ire great plenty of Swans, Cranes, Geefe, Herons,

Duck, Teal, Widgeons, Bran

md Pidgeons, with other forts, whereof there are none in England,
The Sea, the Bays of Chefape ack and Delaware, and generally all the Rivers, do
ibound with Fifh of feveral

Whales, Sturgeon, Thorn-back, Grampufes,

Porpufes, Mullets, Trouts, Soules, Plaice, Mackrel, Perch, Eels, Roach, Shadd,
Herrings,Crabs,Oyfters,Cockles, Muriels, <nrc. but above all thefe, the Fifh where*
forts

as

of there are none in England, as Drums, Sheeps*bead, Cat-fish, (ire. are beft, except Sturgeon, which are there found in great abundance, not inferior to any in Europe for

and goodnefs.

iargenefs

The Minerals may

time prove of very great confequence, though no rich

Mines are yet difcover'd there
but there is Oar of feveral forts, vi%. of Tin, Iron,
in

and Copper, whereof feveral

good

trials

fuccefs.

The

Soyl

generally very rich, the

is

fomuch, that

it is

before

for English Grain

made
dows
Tiles

have been made by curious Perfons there with

it is fit

as

necelTary to Plant

good Brick

as

great plenty of

any

it firft

in

many

places black and rank, in-

with Indian Corn, Tobacco, or

under that

is

Hemp,

found good Loam, whereof has been

There are More of Marfh-groundsfor Meaboth blue and white excellent Clay for Pots and

in Europe

Marie

Mould

To

conclude, there

nothing that can be reasonably expected, in a place

lying in the fame Latitude with this , but what is either there found naturally, or
:

may be

is

procur'd by Induftry, as Oranges, Lemons, and Olives,<&rc.

We need not here mention

Indian

Corn,

(call'd

May%) Peafe and Beans of feveral

being the peculiar produces Planted by the Indians of that part of America,
All forts of English Grain are now common there, and yield a great encreafe- as
Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Peafe, Beans, &<c. good Beer of Wheat or Barley Malt,

forts,

after the English

Mode,

is

made, even

in the

Some drink

meaneft Families there

Beer of Indian Corn, others of the Stalks thereof, or of the Chipps of the TockykerryTree, all which make a fort of frefli and pleafant Drink but the) general Diet of
;
the

Country

There

is

now English,

as

moft agreeable to

their Conftitutions.

few able Planters there at prefent, but what are plentifully fupply'd
with all forts of Summer and Winter Fruits ; as alfo of Roots and Herbs, of all
forts out of their Gardens and Orchards, which they have Planted fof their Profit as
are

well as Pleafure

They have

Pears, Apples,

dance, and as good as thofe of

Italy
;

fo are their Mellons,

Cherries, Figgs, Pomegranates, <&c. In

grows

Plumbs, Peaches, &c.

fine, there is fcarce

in England, France, Spain, or Italy,

in great

abun-

Pumpions, Apricocks,
any Fruit or Root that

but hath been try'd there, and profpers

well.

You may have

Soyl

there alfo

Hemp,

Flax, Pitch, and Tar, with

apt for Hops, Rape-feed, Annicefeed,

is

may be had Silk-worms,

perfluity of the

There

is

Wood

Woad, Madder,

labor

Saffron, %?$.

a great quantity of Syder

made

The Ground doth naturally

the

there

Country being ftor'd with Miiiberrytrees, and the

wfll produce Pot*a(hes.
the

fu*

good as in any
likewife made in great

there at prefent, and as

other Countrey; good Perry and Quince*drink

plenty

little

is

there

bring forth Vines in great quantities, the quali-

Coitimo&ies
which are, may be procured, bj

du.

,.

19

M E 1^1 C

whereof being fomething corrected by Induftry,

ty

thereof already

made

there)

Chiap.
H

A.
(as there

have been feveral

may no doubt produce good Wine,

trials

to the great en-

couragement and advantage of the Undertakers.

Brave Ships may be built there with little charge, Clab-board, Wainfcot, Pipeflaves, and Mafts for Ships, the Woods will afford plentifully
fome fmall Vef;
fels have been already built there
In fine, Beef, Furrs, Hides, Butter, Cheefe,
:

Pork, and Bacon, to Tranfport to other Countreys, are no fmall Commodities,

which by Induftry, are, and may be had there in great plenty, the English being already plentifully ftock'd with

of Cattcl and Horfes

all forts

other Staple-Commodities to be hop'd for,

and were there no

but Silk and Linnen (the materials of
;

which apparently will grow there) it were fufficient to enrich the Inhabitants.
But the general Trade of Mary-land at prefent depends chiefly upon Tobacco,
being the Planters

ie

concern and ftudy to ftore himfelf betimes with that

Commodity, wherewith he buys and fells, and after which Standard all other
greater!:

Commodities receive their Price there they have of late vented fuch quantities of
that and other Commodities, that a hundred Sail of Ships from England, Barbadoes,
and other English Plantations, have been ufually known to Trade thither in one
Year infomuch, that by Cuftom and Excize paid in England for Tobacco and
other Commodities Imported from thence, Mary-land alone at this prefent, hath by
;

his Lordfliips vaft

charge to the

Expence, Induftry, and Hazard for

Crown, improv'd His

value of Forty thoufand Pounds

The

Majefties,the

Sterl, per

annum

many

years,

without any

King otEnglands Revenues,to the

at leaft.

way of Traffick and Commerce there is chiefly by Barter, or Exchange of one Commodity for another; yet there wants not, befides English and
other foraign Coyns, fome of his Lordfliips own Coyn, as Groats, Sixpences, and
general

which his Lordfliip at his own Charge caus'd to be Coyn'd and difpers'd
throughout that Province 'tis equal in finenefs of Silver to English Sterling, being
of the fame Standard, but of fomewhat lefs weight, and hath on the one fide his
Shillings,

Lordfliips Coat of Arms ftamp'd

and on the other

tiplkamini,

with

this

Motto circumfcrib'd,

fide his Lordfliips Effigies

Crefcite

& Mid-

circumfcrib'd thus, Ctcilius

Dominus Terrd-MarU, &c.

The Order

The Goverir

of Government and

fettled

merit.

Laws of this

Province, is by the Prudence

and endeavor of the prefent Lord Proprietary, brought

to great Perfection
;

his

Dominion

all Patents,

his
'

Name

there

is

abfolute (as

may appear by the

Charter aforcmention'd) fo

Warrants, Writs, Licenfes, Actions Criminal,

Wars, Peace, Courts,

and as

Offices, arc. all in his

o-'c

IlTue forth there in

Name

made, held, and ap-

pointed.

Laws

are there Enacted

fembly, which

and confent of the General Afnamely, the firft is made up by the Chan-

of two Eftates,

confifts

cellor, Secretary,

by him, with

and others of

Mannors, and others as

Iffu'd by his Lordfliip

his Lordfliips

(hall be call'd
:

The

the advice

Privy-Council, and fuch Lords of

by particular Writs

for that purpofe, to be

fecond Eftate confifts of the Deputies and Delegates

of the refpective Counties of the faid Province, elected and chofen by the
and approbation of the Free-men of the faid refpective Counties.

The Names of the Governor and Council

lowed, Mr.
Vert, his

Charles Cahert, his Lordfliips

Lordfliips Brother, Chancellor

;

Nephew,

Secretary.

Mr.

in this prefent

Year

Son and Heir, Governor

Sir William Talbot

67 1

i
.

Mr.

free voice

are as folThilip

CaU

Baronet, his Lordfliips

Nephew, Mufter-MafterGeneral-, Mr. Jerome White, Surveyor-General; Mr. Baker Brooke, his Lordfliips Nephew Ml Edward Lloyd, Ml Henry Courfey, Mv.lhwas Truman, Major Edward
William Cahert, his Lordfliips

Eits-Herbertf >Sa?nuel Qye/i?(b

His

Chap.
.

M EX^l

iA

II.

His Lordfhip, or

his

Lieutenant there for the time being, upon due occaflon,

Convenes, Prorogues, and Diflolves

Aflembly

this

but whatfoever

by

is

his

Lord(hips Lieutenant there, with the confent of both the faid Eftates Enacted, is
there of the fame Force and Nature as an Act of Parliament is in England, until his
Lordfliip declares his dif-afTent

Laws

but fuch

as his

by

are not afterwards to be Alter'd or Repeal'd but

his

Lordfhip doth aflfent unto,

Lordfhip, with the confent

of both the faid Eftates.

Their chief Court of Judicature

is

held at

Maries Quarterly every Year,

St.

to

and is call'd The (Provincial Court,

which
whereof the Governor and Councilare Judges To the Court there doth belong feveral fworn Attorneys, who conftantly are prefent there, and act both asBarrifters
all Perfons concern'd refort for Juftice

and Attorneys

there are likewife chief Clerks, BaylifFs, and other Officers,

which

duly attend the Court in their refpective places.

The

Province

divided at prefent, fo far as

is

Counties, whereof there be ten, W%*

fBaltemore

Counties, which

the Eaftern fide-whereof,

Jler, Talbot,

CmHf and

K^ent Counties,

is

inhabited by English, into

St. Maries, Charles, fcahert,

firft five lie

commonly

it

on the Weft
The

call'd

which

fide

June Jrandel, and

of the Bay of Chefapeack

on

Eaftern*$.hore} lies Sommerfet , Vorche*

laft is

an Ifland lying near the Eaftern-

fhore of the faid Bay.

Befides the Provincial Court aforenam'd, there are other inferior Courts, ap-

pointed to be held in every one of the Counties

patch of

all

Caufes, not relating to Life or

of three thoufand weight of Tobacco

fix

times in the year, for the dik

Member, and not exceeding

the decifion of all other" Caufes being re*

Court before.mentidli'd, and there

ferv'd to the Provincial or higher

the value

lies

Appeals

from the County-Courts, to the Provincial Court.

There are Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officers appointed by the
Lord and Proprietary, or his Lordfhips Lieutenant for the time being, in the faid
and without four Juftices, of which one to be of the Quorum,
refpective Counties
none of the faid refpective County. Courts can be held; any of his Lordfhips Privy
Council may fit as Judge, in any of the faid County^Courts by vertue of his
-

ace.

Thefe Courts are appointed to be held

convenient Houfes in the faid Coun-

at

which commonly are not far diftant from fome Inn, or other Houfe of Enterone of the faid fix County Courts in
tainment, for accommodation of Strangers
ties,

each County

There

Widows and Orphans Eftates.

of Towns, more or lefs in each County, according

held for fettling of

is

are Foundations laid

to his Lordfhips Proclamation,

Vert County,

three

about the River of (patuxent, and the adjacent

Towns laid

CaU

Bounds of

Cliffs, are the

out, one over againft Toint Tatience, call'd HarVy Tolon, another in

fBattehCreekj call'd Caherton,

fes

to that effect IfTu'd forth in the year 1668. In

and a third upon the

Cliffs, call'd Herrington,

and Hou-

already built in them, all uniform, and pleafant with Streets, and Keys on the

Water

fide.

In the

County of St.

principal and original Seat of this

and

vincial Courts are held,

Name, where
czlYd

St.

Johns

called St. Maries,

divers Houfes are already built

the Chancellor
;

other, and in this place

cords are kept,

is

on the Eaft fide of St. Georges River, is the

Province, where the general Affembly, and Pro-

Maries,

is

all Procefs,

niftration are ifnYd out

built

Mr.

Tbilip

being erected into a City by that

The Governor

hath a Houfe there

Qahert, his Lordfhips Brother, hath an*

and kept the Secretaries

Office,

where

all the

Re-

Grants, for Lands, Probates of Wills, Letters of Admi-

the Plat of a Fort and Prifon

point of Land, term'd V/indmil-To'mt, from a

is

lately laid there,

Windmil which formerly

upon a

flood there,
the

MER

}$Q
the fkuation

proper, for that

is

when

it

I C J.

commands

Chap.

the breadth of the faid

I]

River of Sail

Shipping may fafely Ride before theTowr

without the lead fear of any fudden AfTault, or Attempt of Pirats or other Enem
whatfoever. This City has formerly been the ufual place of abode for his Lord
George s

io chat

and

{hips Lieutenants,

Mr.

it is

finifh'd, all

Retinue

their

hath built himfelf a

Charles Cahert,

but of late years the prefent Governoi

Houfe of Brick and Timber, with

fair

Out*houfes,and other Offices thereto belonging,

River ofVatuxent before-mention'd, where he and
healthful,and
Of the
mua

in

fond.

The Indians

Ittdi-

Marj-

commodious

at a place

calTd

Ma 1 1 ap any

a]

ne2r th

Family refide^being a pleafant

his

Seat, about eight Miles

by Land diftant from St.Maries.

Maryland are a People generally of ftreight, able, and well pro

in

portion'd Bodies, fomething exceeding the ordinary pitch of the W/j/;, their Com
plexion Swarthy, their Hair naturally long and black, without Curie, which <re

fome ftrange

nerally they cut after

it

Fantaftical

with red and other prepofterous Colours

G^afe/and
from

injury

any thing

There

nay, fometimes they Dy<

They Liquor

their Skins

with Bear

other Oyls, which renders them

the

Weather
Fancy

their

are as

(which are

Mode

They

them

inclines

many

are fubtile

diftinct

Nations

Countrey* Villages

like

throughout the Province

to, in

Each

more tawny, and lefs apt to receive

from their Infancy, and prone to learn

other things ilochful.

among them

in England,

Town

Towns,

as there are Indian

but not fo good HoufesJ difpers'd

King (by them term'd Wcro^ancc)

and every forty or fifty Miles diftance differs much from its Neighbors in Speech
and Difpofition The Safquahanocks, though but few in number, yet much txcccd
the reft in Valor
and Fidelity to the English, the reft being generally of a more
:

hath

its

Treacherous
ceed

all

The
the

Spirit,

and not

fo ftout,

and the number of the English do already ex-

the Indians in the Province.

Wero^ance

is

a/lifted

fame Family, and

tains in time of

by Councellors,

call'd Wifoes,

who

are chofen at the pleafure of the Werowance

War which

commonly of
They have Cap-

are
:

they term Cockoroofes.

Moft of their Governments

are Monarchical, (except the Safjuahanocks,

which

is

a Re-publick) but for fucce/Tion they have a peculiar Cuftom, that the IfTue
of the
Males never fucceed, but the IfTueMale of the Female fucceed in Government,
as
the furer fide

They

fubmit

and are protected by the Lord Proprietaries

Government and in cafe of any Affauk or Murder, committed on any E?igliJJ? the
i
Party offending is try'd by the Laws of the Province
and in cafe of any new Election of King or Emperor among them, they prefent the Perfon fo
Elected to
:

all

to,

the

Governor

for the time being,

who

as he fees caufe,

either alters or confirms their

Choice.
In the Year 1663. at the

iW/WRequeft,

the prefent

and fome others of his Lordfliips Privy-Council

Governor Mr.

there,

went

Cahen,

Qharlcs

to Tafcatoway, in this

Province, to be prefent at the Electron of a new Emperor for

that Nation
They
prefented a Youth nam' d fyttawaffo, and humbly Requefted
to have him confirm'd
Emperor ofTafcatoway, by the Name of Wahocajfo which after fome charge
^iven
:

them

in general, to be

ly did,

and

receiv'd

good and

him

faithful Subjects to

him, the Governor according-

into his Protection.

They pay

Commands

great Refpect and Obedience to their Kinas and

Superiors,
they immediately Execute, though with

whofe

an apparent hazard of their

Lives.

The Mens chief employment is Hunting, and the Wars, in both which they
commonly ufe Bowes and Arrows fome of late have Guns and other Weapons,
.

by

a private

Trade with fome

Englijh

Neighboring Plantations

They

are excellent

*-

*J

AMERICA.

hap. II.

Marks-men,

101

being the onely thing they breed their Youth to The Women
>lant and look after the Corn, make their Bread, and drefs what Provifions their
ent

it

home. Their way of Marriage

-lusbands bring

brents or Friends,

Man

who

by agreement with the

is

Sum of their Money,

for a certain

Womens

or other Goods, deliver

day appointed, which is commonly fpent in jollity.

There are two forts of Indian Money, V/ampompeage and %oanoack thcfe ferve
imong them as Gold and Silver do in Europe, both are made of Fifh-fhells, which
to the

ler

at a

hey firing like Beads

Arms

in

Wampompeage

length of <2{panoack, which

is

the largeft Bead, fixty

is

valued

at fix

Pence

TheirMoney

whereof countervails

Sterling

with

this

they

Commodities of the Englifh, as Trading-Cloth, <&c\ of which they make

hemfelves Mantles, which is fomething fhaggy, and is call'd Dutch Duffels ^ this

>urchafe

their

Winter Habit

in

Summer

they onely wear a narrow

flip

of the fame to

which natural modefty teaches them to conceal

the better
brt have Stockings made thereof, and pieces of Deer-Skin, ftitchM together about
:over thofe parts

heir Feet in (lead

)eft

of Shooes

The Womens Apparel

among them bedeck

Quality

is

the fame, but thofe of the

themfelves with Wampompeage or %oanoack, or fome

)ther toy.

Their Houfes are

rais'd

about the height of a large Arbor

and cover'd with

Manner f
habitation.

Harks of Trees very

whereof is the Fireplace, they lie generally

ipon Mats of their own making, plac'd round the Fire, a Wooddenbowl or two,
in Earthen Pot, and a Mortar and Peftle, is their chiefeft HoufhokLfturT; he that
uth his Bo we and Arrows, or Gun, a Hatchet, and a Canoo, (a term they ufe for
3oats) is in their minds rarely well provided for
each Houfe contains a diftinct
?amily, each Family hath its peculiar Field about the Town, where they Plant their
tite, in

the middle

Corn, and other forts of Grain afore-mention'd.

They

are courteous to the Englijh, if they chance to fee

any of them coming towards their Houfes, they immediately meet him half-way, conduit him iti, and
Did him welcome with the belt. Gates they have
The Englijh giving them in like
:

nanner

The
:he

civil

Entertainment, according to their Quality.

of fatuxent having been Treated for fome days at St. Maries, by

then Governor, Mr. Leonard Calvert, his Lordfliips Brother, at his firft coming
WeroTbance

:hither to fettle that

Englifh /o

well,

Colony, took

that if they fhould

would

Qommand my

except

it

his leave

go about

People not to revenge

to hill

my death

of him with this Expreffion, I

me, if I had Jo much breath

love the

m to ffeak,

for I know they would not dofuch a thing,

were through my own default.

In Affairs of concern, they are very confederate, and ufe few words in declaring
for at

their intentions

:atoway
In

Mr.

Leonard Qalverts

being ask'd by him, Whether

his Qountrey J

Vtmjlay,

arrival there, the Wero^eance ofTaf*

he loould be content, that the

Englifh

returned this anfwer, That he n?ould not bid him go,

but that he might ufe

Governor

firft

his

own

difcretion.

at his firft entrance into Mary-land,

Thefe were

whom

fhould fit dolbn

neither "Should he bid

their expreffions to the

then they were jealous of,

whether he might prove a Friend or a Neighbor, but by his difcreet Demeanor to*

wards them

at firft, and friendly ufage

of them afterwards, they are

Dnly civil, but ferviceable to the Englifh there

The

of the Eaftern Hi ore are

upon

all

now become,not

occafions.

mod

numerous, and were formerly very refractory, whom Mr. Leonard Calvert fome few years after his firft fettling the Colo*
ly, was forc'd to reduce, and of late the Emperor of Nanticoke , and his Men were
Indians

by the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Calvert, who reduc'd him

ibout the year 1668, which has fince tam'd the ruder fort of the neighboring Indilefervedly defeated

ns,

who now by

experience, find

it

better to fubmi;

and be protected by the Lord

Proprietaries

Civility to

the Englijh,

IpZ

M E%^i C

Chap.

J.

II.

Government, than to make any vain attempt againft his Power.

Thefe People live under no Law, but that of Nature and Reafon, which notwithstanding leads them to the acknowledgement of a Deity, whom they own to
is maintain'd, and to him
be the Giver of all good things, wherewith their Life
they acquire by Huntthey Sacrifice the firft Fruits of the Earth, and of that which

Proprietaries

ing and Fiftiing

ancient

The

Men, and

God, then burn

until this

Sacrifice

perform'd by their Priefts,

is

profefs themfelves Conjurers

part,

and

eat

and diftribute the

Ceremony be ended, they

reft

are

commonly

make a Speech to their

among them that are prefent;

they
;

who

fir ft

will not touch one bit thereof; they hold the

Immortality of the'Soul, and that there is a place of Joy, and another of Torment
after Death, prepared for every one according to their Merits.
They bury their Dead with ftrange expreflions of Sorrow (the better fort upon
a Scaffold, ere&ed for that end)
wrrm'hJ4>
th

flefli is

whom

confum'd to Interr

Barth without that

Ceremony

his

they leave cover'd with Mats, and return

Bones

the

common

fort are

committed to

but they never omit to bury fome part of their

Wealth, Arms, and Houfhold^fturTwith the Corps.

Sect.

IV-

***.

Virginia.
1

Situation of

Virginia.

moft Southerly part of

^T^ Hefrom
Korumbega

Virginia

(for all that

Trad

of Land,

reaching

and containing New-Bigland, Kcw-York, Maryland, and this part we are now about to Treat of, was by Sir Walter %awbetween Mary
leigh term'd Virginia, in Honor of our Virgin-Queen Elizabeth) lies
from
land, which it hath on the North, and Carolina, which it hath-on the South,
thirty fix, to near thirty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude 5 and with the reft of
to Florida,

which were comprehended under the fame Denomination, was by

the Encouragement, and at the Expence of the faid Sir Walter ^awleigh, firft Difcover'd (as fome fay) by Captain Francis Drake, for his many notable and bold ExBut upon examination we find little
by/ the Queen
ploits ' afterwards Knighted
^o
r
y
reafon to afcribe the firft Difcovery thereof to Sir Francis Drake, whole chier perthofe Countries

r
ATvr
Firit Dilcover

formances, from the time he

firft

made himfelf Eminent

at Sea,

were againft the

and for the moft part in the S$mifhMies. as his taking ofNombre de Dios,
and Vinta Cru^, with an infinite mafs of Treafure his taking of Santo Domingo in
and that which feems to have given
Htfpaniola, and of Carthagena in Cattella Anna
was his touching
occafion of attributing to him the firft Difcovery of thefe parts
Spaniards,

North part of the Ifle of California, where being nobly Entertained by

King of that Countrey, and having a Surrendry thereof made to him,
Hioh,
of
in behalf of the Queen of England, he upon a Pillar ere&ed, Infcrib'd the Arms
England, with the Queens Name and his own, and call'd the place NoVa Jlbion :
Certain indeed it is, that Sir Walter %a^leigh was the firft Promoter of this Difcofor, after Mr. Martin Forbifrer had been fent by Queen Elizabeth to fearch for
very
the North-Weft PafTage, which was in the year 1576- and for which he alfo was
by the Queen advane'd to Knight-hood, and nobly rewarded- and Sir Humphrey

upon

the
2l

obtaining the Queens Letters Patents, for attempting a Plantation, had

reach'd Ne^^founchland (though perifhing in his return)he upon thefe Relations and
Gilbert

employments would not permit him to

go in Perfon) to gain Difcoveries to the Southward and accordingly in the year
of our Lord 1584. obtained a CommifTion from the Queen, to difcover and Plant
Inducements undertook by others (for

his

new

,-'

.-

,a,

cideas
i

""'"

""

zAME^ICA.

Chap.. II.
new Lands

in

Jmerka^ not actually

poflefs'd

by any

who, with

Chrifllans,

the

afljU

fiance of Sir 'fijchard Greenvil and others,

Command

of Captain

the 27. of April,

fell

Difcovery of the

Ifle

they

left
;

Philip

the 2

of July following with the Coaft of

Florida,

and made

of Wokokon, ^oanoack, and the Continent of Wingandacoa, which

and arriving in England about the midft of September following, Her Ma*

upon

jefty

provided two fmall Barques, under the

Amidas, and Captain Arthur Barlow, who fetting Sail
'

the relation of their Difcoveries,

was pleas'd to

call

this

Countrey

Virginia,

April p. 1585. Sir Orchard GreenVtl,

(Plymouth
;

on

and

May 16. Anchor'd

ort

Augufl 17. following,

which

with feven
at Wokokon,

lies in thirty fix

thereabouts, where they continu'd

till

Sail,

but

and feveral Gentlemen,

made

their firft Seat at ^oanoack

Degrees of Northerly Latitude, or

June 1586. during which time they

Continent and adjacent Iflands

feveral Difcoveries in the

by the treachery of the Salvages, return'd

lefc

for England,

made

and being endangered

and Landed

at fortfmouth

on

July 27. following.

Sir Walter %awleigh

and

his AiTociates, in the year 1586. fen't a

Ship to relieve that

Colony, which had deferted the Countrey fome while before, and were
turned for England as

Some few days

is

all re-

beforemention'd.

were gone,

after they

with three Ships, arriv'd at the Plantation at %panoack which he found deferted, and leaving fifty Men
}
thereto keep PofTeflionof that Countrey, returned for England.

The
fifty

year following, Mr, John

Enghjh at %oanoack, but found

tives,

and difpers'd

a hundred and fifty

In Augufl 1580.

which he had
1500.
This

ill

on March

Succefs

with three Ships, came to fcarch for the

V/hite,

them

not, they having been fet

no News could be heard of them, and

more to continue that Plantation.

Mr. John White went thither again,

there

made

upon by

in their

Na-

the

room

to fearch for the laft

left

Colony

but not finding them, return'd for England in Septemh, 6.

all

further Difcoveries to be laid afide,

till

Captain Gofnol

from Dartmouth, and on May 11. following, made Land

where fome Bifcaners, as he guefs'd by the Natives information, had

16. 1602. fet Sail

at a place,

formerly

left

fo, as

Sir Richard GreenVtl,

being about the Latitude of forty eight Degrees Northerly Latitude; from hence putting to Sea, he made Difcovery of an Ifland which he call'd Marfifli'd,

thas Vineyard,

and fhortly

after

of Elizabeth's

Ifle,

and fo return 'd

for England, June 18*

following.
,

In the Year 1603. the City of Briftol raised a Stock, and furnifh'd out

two

Barques for Difcovery, under the Command of Captain Martin Tring, who about
June 7, fell with the North of Virginia in the three and fortieth Degree, found plenty
of goodFifh, nam'd a place Whitfon-Bay, and fo returned.

Year 1605. c ^ e R ig^t Honorable Thomas Arundel the firft, Baron of Warder,
and Count of the ^oman Empire, fet out Captain George Waymouth, with twenty
nine Sea-men, and neceffary Provifions, to make what Difcoverieis he could; who
by contrary Winds, fell Northward about one and forty Degrees and twenty MiIn the

nutes of Northerly Latitude, where they found plenty of good

further, difcover'd an Ifland,
July 18.

Fifti

and Sailing

where they nam'd a Harbor flentec oft -Harbor

following, came back for England,

and

ori

\>] hi

In the Year 1606. by the follicitation of Captain Gofnol, and feveral Gentlemen,
a

Commi/Tion was granted by King James of

Council, to direct thofe

new

Difcoveries
;

riner)

was intruded with

Great Brittain, <yc

Captain

the Tranfportation

J>(ei?port (a

for e.ftablifliing a

well practiced

of the Adventurers

in

two

MarShips,

and

It

AMERICA.
andaPinace, who on Decemb.

1606.

19.

Storm, contrary to expedition,

call:

upon

fct Sail

the

firft

Chap.

II.

from Blackball, and were by

Land, which they cail'd Cafe

of the Bay of Qhefapeack, lying in thirty feven Degrees , or

Here their Orders were open d and read, and
thereabouts, of Northerly Latitude
impower'd to chofe a Prefident for a year, who
eieht declar'd of the Council, and
Till May 13. they fought a place
the Council Oiould Govern that Colony

Mouth

Henry, \t the

wttti

to Plant in,

Mr.

Winkfield

raisM at folthatan,

now

was chofe

cail'd

the

Jamaz ToTt>n

turned for England, leaving a hundred

Prefident

firft
s

who

In June following,

Men behind him

fince

caused a Fort to be

Captain Newport

re-

which time they have

indefatigable Induftry and Coubeen fumciently fupply'd from England, and by the
at that time, and afterward Prefirage of Captain John Smith, (one of the Council
on the Eaftern more, and up to
dent of the Colony) they made feveral Difcoveries
principal Rivers which fall into the
the Head of the Bay of Chefafeack, and of the
faid

Bay.

being thus Difcover'd and Planted, King James by his Letters Patent
Granted Licence to
bearing Date April 10. in the fourth year of his Reign, 1607.
to divide themfelves into two fe*
Sir Thomas Gates, Sir Gefrge Summers, and others,
that Countrey, then cail'd Virgi*
vera! Colonies, for the more fpeedy Planting of
Virginia

between the Degrees of thirty four and forty five of North Latitude, that is to
The firft Colony to
beginning
fay, taken in that large extent, mention d in the
Merchants, in, and about the
be undertaken by certain Knights, Gentlemen, and
nia

advanced by certain Knights,

City of London: The fecond to be undertaken, and
Gentlemen, and Merchants, and their Aflociates, in, or about the City of Bnftol,
Exon, (Plymouth, and other parts.
At the firft Colonies Requeft, in the feventh year of the fame King, a fecond
Sir Thomas
Patent was Granted to feveral Noblemen and Gentlemen, (including

and fome of his former Fellow-Patentees) bearing Date May 23. 1610, whereby they were made a Corporation, and Body Politique, and ftil'd, The Treafurer,
Gates,

the firft Colony of Virand Company of Adventurers and Planters of the City of London, for
And by this Patent, there was Granted to them, their Succeflors and Afginia
:

two hundred Miles to the Southward, from a Cape of Land in Virginia, cail'd
and two hundred Miles to the Northward of the faid G^,alongthe
Point Comfort
Sea*fhore, and into the Land from Sea to Sea.
figns,

March 12. 1612. the laid King, in the ninth year of his Reign, Grants
them a third Patent, of all Iflands lying in the Sea, within two hundred Miles of
the Shore of that Trad of Land on the Continent, granted to them by the faid for.

And on

mer Patent, Jac.

7.

In the Year 1615. Captain Smith procur'd by his Intereft at Court, and the
King's Favor, a Recommendation from His Majefty, and divers of the Nobility,

which was
erected for the benefit of this Plantation, which was contriv'd in fuch a manner,
that of 100000. Pounds which was to be put in, 50000. oneiy, or one half was to
to all Cities and Corporations, to

Adventure

in a ftanding Lottery,

return to the Adventurers, according as the Prizes fell out

and the other half to

which, though it were

be difpos'd of for the Promotion of the Affairs of Virginia, in

three years before it was fully accomplifti'd, he had in the end no bad Succefs.
In the eighteenth Year of the faid King's Reign

Colony, a Patent was Granted

to feveral

at the

Requeft of the fecond

Noblemen and Gentlemen, of all

that

Tracl: of Land lying in the parts of Jmerica, between the Degrees of forty and for-

and into the Land from Sea to Sea which was

For the better Government whereof,
England in America
one

ty eight of Northerly Latitude,

cail'd
1

by the Patent

Np*

*A

hap. II.

M E %jl C

A.

Body-Politick.and Corporate was thereby appointed

and ordain'd in Plymouth
afiftingof the faid Noblemen, Gentlemen, and
others,
e

number of forty
the County of Devon for

to the

by

rions,

Name

the

of The Counal

Plymouth

ejlabhfl/d at

ih

flaming, Ruling, Ordering, and Governing

of New England
The Mifcarriages and Mifdemeanors of the aforefaid

m America

Corporation'for the firft

\99foifttffHu, were ft many and fo great, that His faid Majefty
was fore'd
or about 0fl,fcr 1613. to direft a <, ^mwfo,
for the calling in of that
former
:ent, which in Trinity Term following
was legally Evinc'd, Condemn'd and
de Void, by Judgment in the Court of the then

^ngs-Semh

by which the

:ents,

ent

tginia

i*

Void.

as alfo all other

Corporation claim'd any Intereft in Virginia.

Thus this
rporation or the firft Colony of Virginia was
diftolv'd, and that Plantation
h been fince Govern'd and Difpos'd of by Perfons
Conftituted and Impower'd
that purpofe from time to time, by immediate
Commiffions from the Kings of
faid

land,

the Year of our

Lord ld;i. the Right Honorable George Lord

Baltemore ob. ,w f,
id a Grant of King Charm the Firft of Great Britain,
""'
c\ of part of that Land to 'tSL to
"
Northward, which is now call'd Maryland, but this
the Lord
Patent of Mary-land wasS Baltemre,
perfected till dp. as you may underftand
more fully by the precedent Difrfe of Maryland, which by exprefs
words in the faid Patent is feparated from
[n

&
:

thereby declar'd not to be reputed for the

future, any part of Virginia.

W.n the fifteenth

Year of the Reign of King Charles the

Second of Great Sri,
&c. on March 4 i,. Edmard Earl of Clarendon,
then High-Chancellor of
land, George Duke of Albemarle,
William, now Earl of Craven,
John

m,y Lord Jfhley

ight

and

Sir George Cartemt

Knight and Baronet,

Lord

Berkley,

Sir William Berkley

^
Jw

S
-

Sit John Colleton

Knight and Baronet, obtained a Patent

from His Maof
the
Province of Carolina, which lies to the
f,
Southward of Virginia, in which
.eluded fome part of that Land which
formerly belong'd to the faid diflblv'd
irpany of Virginia. So that Virginia at
prefent extendeth it felf onely, and is
fitu*
between thirty fix and thirty feven- Degrees
and fifty Minutes, or thereabouts,
Northern Latitude, and is bounded on the
North, by Maryland on the South
jrolma., on the Eaft, by the Ocean
and on the Weft, by the South-Seas,
rhe Entrance by Sea into this Countrey is
the fame with that of Mary land, be.
en Cafe Henry and Gfe Charles, plac'd
on each fide of the Mouth of the Bay of
apeak
on the Weft fide whereof you firft meet
with a pleafant and commodi- . River call d Jamey^iver, about three
Miles wide at its Entrance, and Navi-a- ""*
a hundred and fifty.
?.
I

..,.'.

fourteen Miles
y

from

this

River Northward

lies

Yorker,

which

is

Navigable

or feventy Miles, but with Ketches

and fmall Barques thirty or forty Miles

hence to the North you difcover

a third ftately River, call'd ^afpahanock.
ch >s Navigable about a hundred
and thirty Miles - from whence following
Shore to the North you enter into
<Patomeck-%iver, which is already defcrib'd
in
precedent Difcourfe of Maryland, to
which Province this River
affing

theriy

Bank

belongs, whofe

gives

o theft Rivers

Bounds

many

to that part of Virginia

and Maryland.

other Inland Branches and Rivulets

are redue'd, the chief

'hich are hereafter fpecifi'd.

rhe Countrey

generally even, the Soil fruitful, the

Climate healthful, andW*
eable with^English
*
Conftitutions, efpecially fince the
increafe of Inhabitants,
accommodation of good Diet and Lodging,
which the firft Planters found

is

cwant or heretofore.

For

many years,

till

of late, moft New-comers had the

firft

'

M E%I C

Chap.

J.

and Mgufi, a Difeafe which is call'd A Seafoning, whereof ma

died like ro what is mention'd before in the Defcription of Maryland, thou
more mortal and common than in Mary-land, becaufe Virginia is a lower Countn
and fomewhat hotter, infomuch that formerly divers ill of that Diftemper. hi

fir ft

Year in

July

come purpofely from Virginia to Maryland, to recover their Health but now, fit
the Countrey is more open and clear from Wood, few die of it, and many have
;

Seafonings at all.

This Countrey affordeth generally

as are exptefs'd before in the Relation

fuch Roots, Herbs,

all

Gums, and

Balfor

of Mary-land.

All forts of Trees for Building and Husbandry, Fruit-Trees, Vines, cc.
found in both Countreys, equal in goodnefs and quantity, onely in fuch things

more Sun, and

require

that

difference, becaufe Virginia

is

Lemmons,

Vines, Oranges,
Silk- Grafs.

may

be produced by Induftry) there

fomewhat more

be fome

lit

Southward of Maryland,

to the

as

Olives, Silk, ere.

There is a Plant grows naturally in this Countrey, and in Maryland, call'd S

Grafs, which will make a fine Stuff with a filky Glofs, and better Cordage tr
Hemp or Flax, both for ftrength and durance.
The wild Beads, Birds, and Fifti, are much the fame alfo in this Countrey as
before defcrib'd in the precedent Defcription of Mary-land

think
Frumpcu-

may

it

proper not to omit fome Fruits, Plants, Beafts,

New England,

authentick Defcribers of
are, their futcbaniines,

Cbechinquamins, a fort

a Goofe.-berry

bling

Hnd

as peculiar to that

of Damfons

of Fruit refembiing a Chefnut

Macoquer y & kind of Apple

MwwFigs

which are a

<2^c.

we

fl

mention'd by the

rr

Neverthelefs

Countrey.

Meffamines, a kind of

fomewhat like

Grap

%awcomens, a Fruit refembl

Mettaquefumauks, a fort of Fruit

Morococks, refembiing a Straw-berry, befides a Berry

call Ocougbtanamnis,

The Fn

ref<

which

to Capers.

Their peculiar Roots ztcTockaTbaugb, good to eat; Wichfacan, of great vertue

healing of Wounds; Tocones, good to alTwage Swellings and Aches ; MufquaJ
wherewith they Paint their Targets and Mats. Alfo they have in great reque
Pulfe call'd Jjfentamen, and the Plant Mattouna y of which they make Bread*
Their peculiar Beafts are, the Arougbena, refembiing a Badger ; the Affapanid
Flying*$querril

carrieth

Bag under her Belly, wherein

which fmelling ftrong of Musk,

Opajfum, a certain Beaft having a

and fuckleth her Young

Muffafcus,

fembleth a Water.Rat; Utchunquois, a kind of wild Cat.

Their peculiar Fifh are

On

the Weft fide of the

Stingrais.

Bay of Cbefapeak, between

Bank of the River of <Patomeck,

Cape Benry

Navigable Rivers,

are three fair

and the Souths

as

is

before

rr

which here we will give fome

count of, as alfo of the Indian, or antient Names by which thefe three principal
vers were formerly known. Thefirft whereof is Powhatan (now call'd jkmes*$i
tion'd, into

which the other fmall Rivulets

of a large and considerable Territory that lieth upoi

into this Southward, are Jpamatuck ; Eaftward, Quiyonycoba

according to the

Name

The

fall

Rivers that

fall,

Nanfamund, and Cbefopeak

and Northward,

Cbickamabania.

The fecond Navigable River is Tamaunkee, by the Engltfb now ternYd York-%
The Rivulet that falls into this is <Poyankatanck.
The third (which is before defcrib'd, and ufually known by the Name of
(

pabanoc)

was formerly term'd

This we thought

fit

Top^abanoc.

here to infert, to the end no colour of miftake might ren

Ages concerning the derivation or original change of fuch proper Nai

specially being Places of great advantage to the Colony.

to after

Chap.

Jl

II.

M E%^1

197

C A.

Indians, that were Wftg

of thofe Tribes or Divifions of People among |he
mves
their firft arrival, were, upon the River Touhatan *ft*j*
by Name known to the Englijh at
(on whofe Land is ieated James.Tovn) the Weanocks,
the Xecougktans, the faftabeghes,
River <P*.
the T^andfamunds, the Cbefapeacks, &c. On the

The

chiefeft

Jnohatocks, the Jffametocks,

On the River Toppahanoc, the

On the River Tatavomek, the
mnahoacks,
Moyanances* On the River Tawtuxunt, the
Wtghcocomocans, the (hifomanients and the
Uitafunients. On the River Bote, the 5^wJcqumtacfuacs, the 2Wx^, and the
the Kommm, the
Southward from the Bay, the Qhatoonocks, the Mangoacks,

Minto;

Sec.
are the lounghtanunds , the Mattapaments,
the Mo r aught acunds, and the QW*tapmns.
,

d ow

and the ^ufcara^aoch, befides a numMannahocks the Mafawmecks, the Jtquanahucks,

having had little of Tranfaftion that we hear of
ber not material to be nam'd, as
with the Planters.
The number o

Englijh Inhabitants in this

Countrey are

in this preient

Year

Number of
Inhabitants.

who are plentifully ftock'd with all forts of

i6>t. about thirty or forty thoufand,
and all forts of English Grain
tame Cattel, as Cows, Sheep, Horfes, Swine, <rc.
whereof they make great quantities of Cygreat (lore of brave Orchards for Fruit,
.

der and Perry.

Mr. Edward Vigges,

They have been much oblig'd by that worthy Gentleman
Rolls, and a Privy Councellor
Son of Sir Dudley Digges, who was Matter of the
For the faid Mr. Digges at his great
to King Q>arles the Firft, of Great <Brittain, m,
of Silk in this CounCharge and Induftry, hath very much advane'd the making
for feveral Perfons out of Armenia to teach
trey, for which purpofe he hath fent
and hath
Silk- Worms
them that Art, and how to wind it off the Cods of the
laft paft, confiderable
made at his own Plantation in this Colony for fome years
as any is in the World, which
quantities of Silk, which is found to be as good Silk
.

hath encourag'd divers others to profecute that Work.

Commodities,
Though this Countrey be capable of producing many other good
themfelves for the mod part in Planting *i*
yet the Planters have hitherto imploy.'d

^3

of Tobacco,

as they

do

in Mary-land^

whereof there are two

forts,

one which

is

much
and the other call'd Oranoack, or 'Bright and Large, which is
the Plantations upon
more in quantity, but of leiTer Price than the former and
bed of that fort of Swet-fcented There is
York Qfm are efteem'd to produce the
and Imported from thence into
fo much of this Commodity Planted in Virginia,
and Excize paid in England for it, yields the King about

call'd Smeujcented,

England,
fifty

that the

Cuftom

or threefcore thoufand Pounds Sterling, per annum:

With

this

Commodity

the

(which are above a hundred Sail

all NecefTaries of Clothing,
yearly from England, and other EngUfh Plantations)
want, though they make
and other Utenfils of Houfliold-ftuff, ere, which they
oiVirgma, of the growth
fom* Shoes,and Linnen and Woollen Cloth in fome parts
lefs Tobacco (as it is
and Manufacture of the Countrey and if they would Plant
do, it being now grown
probable they will e're long find it convenient for them to
quantities Planted of it) they
a Drug of very low value, by reafon of the vaft
Livelyhood,andpro*
might in a little time provide themfelves of all NecelTaries of
advantage.
ducc much richer and more Staple-Commodities for their
exchange of one ComTheir ufual way of Traffique in buying and felling is by
by which all other
modity for another and Tobacco is the general Standard,
Coyns,
but they have fome EngUJh and foreign

Planter buys of the Ships that

come

thither for

it

Commodities receive their value

which ferve them upon many occafions.
and Authoriz d
The Government is by a Governor and Council, Appointed
And
Great <Bnttam
from time to time by immediate Commiffion from the King of
,

Laws

AMERICA.

ij>8

Laws

CIiao,

ii.

confifts

made by the Governor, with the confent of a General Affembly, which

the firft confifts of the Council
of two Houfes, an Upper and a Lower

and the

latter

are

made

*fp

of the Burgeffes chofen by the Freemen of the Countrey

are in Force there

till

His Majefty thinks

The Chief Court of Judicature

to alter

Tfo Quarter -Court

cail'd

is

fit

,.

and Laws

them.
,

bccaufe

held eve-

it is

ry quarter of a Year, where all Caufes Criminal and Civil are heard and deter,
min'd, and the Judges of this Court are the Governor and Council
The prefent
:

Governor in this Year 16*71. is Sir William

King Charles the Firft, of Great Brittain, &c.
Council are

Sir

Henry

who

Chichefly,

is

who was made Governor by

Year 1640. And thofe of the

Berkley,
in the

one of the greateft and raoft considerable

Planters there, and Mr. EdwardDiggs before-mention'd,

ry,

Mr. Thomas Ludwel

other worthy Gentlemen.

Major-General Robert Smitb,ztid divers

That

Countrey where the

part of the

English are Planted,

teen Counties, <v%^ Northampton-County in

divided' into nine-

is

Momack, on the Eaftern fhore

the Weftern fhore, Corotuck, Lower-Norfolk, Nanfemund,

IJle

Secreta-

zndoa

of Wight, Surry, Warwick,

Henerico, James, Charles, York, Hew*K^ent, Gloucefter,Mddlefex, LancaJ}er,Northu?nberland

y

Weflmoreland, %appahanock,

and Harford -Counties.

In every one of thefe Counties there are inferior County-Courts kept every
Moneth 5 thefe take no Cognizance of Caufes relating to Life or Member, or ex-

ceeding a certain limited Value, fuch being refer'd to the Quarter-Courts only, to
which likewife there lie Appeals from their Inferior Courts.

There are Sheriffs, Juftices of the Peace, and other Officers in every refpective
County, appointed by the Governor, for the Adminiftration of Juftice, who
fit there according to his Order, and whereof thefe County-Courts are chiefly
compos'd.

There are few

Towns as yet

erected in this

Englifh there, is at a place cail'd James-City,

III

tain, Sec.

This

has in

many

it

is

in

Colony

Honor of King

on the North
Brick and other good Houfes
In

fituated in a Veninfula,

fair

the Principal Seat

fide

of the

James of Great Brit*

of

James<<l{iver,

this place are

and

held the

Quarter.Courts, General Affemblies, the Secretary's Office, and

and

Concerns of the Colony are here difpatch'd.

the Mouth of this River, ftands Elizabeth *City, containing
of Brick and Timber.
greateft

Sir William Berkley,

homJamestCity,

the prefent

Governor

cail'd Green*Spring, a fair

On

the

all

fame

alfo fevcral

refides at a place

other Affairs
fide,

nearer

good Houfes

fomewhat

diflant

Brick Houfe, which he himfelf caus'd to

be built.

The

other

Towns of Note

belonging to the Englishes only

Henricopolis,

or Hen-

nam'd from Prince Henry then living, built in a very convenient place,
more within Land, about eighty Miles diftant from James>City) and Dale' s-Gift, Co
nam'd, and Planted at the Charges of Sir Thomas Dale, Deputy-Governor of the
rys*Tofim,(fo

Countrey, about the Year 1610.

Of the f#uns of Kir^i-

The

Indians oCVirginia, in Stature,

Complexion, and Difpofition, differ very little from thofe oCMaryAand

Their Laws and Cuftoms their way of Living and
Apparel ; their Religion, Money, and manner of Burial, are the fame in both places 5 all which are more particularly exprefs'd in the precedent Defcriptionof
that
:

Province, to which

Yet thefe
EngliJJ?

Indians far

refer the

firft

Reader.

exceed thofe of Mary-land, in Treachery and Cruelty to the

there,as will appear

them, fince the

fome

we

by

following Relation of their Proceedings towards

Seating of that Colony, wherein neverthelefs, the Civility of
this

particular Perfons at their

firft

Landing

is

not to be omitted.

Upon

kd

Chap.
Upon
.

AMERICA

II.

the

firfl

Virginia,

they

arrival

of Captain Amid as and Captain

nil
were accoited by

who, attended with a Train

199
Barlow in Winrandacoa,

now

Granganimeo (the King's Brother of that Countrey) ^gi'A

or forty or

fifty

Men, came

in a very civil

manner

to

Treat about a Commerce of Trade andTraffick, which immediately began between them, and feveral Barters were made
Granganimeo, who was very juftof his
Word, and always kept his promis'd Day of meeting,fancying moft a Pewter Difh,
:

gave twenty Deer-skins for it,and boring a Hole therein,hung

aBreaft-platej afterwards he, with his whole

it

about

his

Neck for

Company, and his Wife and Children,

frequently and familiarly did eat and drink aboard the Englijh Ships, the King him*
felf, call'd

Wmgina, lying fick at his chief Town, fix days Journey

Wound which
of the

Englijh

going to Land upon the

fome

afliore,

to carry

Oars into the Houfe for

to

warm them, and

Entertained

them on

fear

Ifle

of a dangerous

off,

he had received from a neighboring King his mortal

Wife, who, her Husband being abfent,

Boat

Enemy. Some

of ^oanoack, were met by Granganimeo'

commanded

her Servants fome to

draw their

Backs to Land, others to carry in cheir

and having caus'd a great Fire to be made,

their

of dealing

to dry thofe that had been wet in their Voyage, (he afterwards

them with

a very plentiful Feaft or

Banquet

after that

Countrey

fa-

and when they took alarm at the coming of two or three of her Men with
Bowes and Arrows, (he caus'd the Bowes to be broken, and the Men to be beaten
out of the Houfe, befides feveral other demonftrations of extraordinary civility
fhion

and when notwithstanding all this they could not be perfwaded to Lodge anywhere but in their Boat, (he us'd all means imaginable to make them quit their
and accept of a Lodging in the Houfe.
In the Year 1585. a Company that went over with Sir Orchard GreenYill, burnt
the Town otjauafcogoc, by reafon of a Silver Cup that was ftoln by fome of the
Indians, took Prifoner Menatonon, King of Cbawonoc, who gave a large Relation of
another King about three days Journey off, who poffefs'd an Ifland wonderfully
jealoufie,

which was taken in great abundance in a deep Water that inviron'd

Going towards the Countrey of the Mangoacks (among whom in the Province

rich in Pearl,
it.

of ChaunisTemoatan, they heard of a Mine of ftrange Copper call'd Wajfador, with

Skiko, the King of Qowonock's Son, and Manteo, a faithful Salvage, for their Guide)
they were treacheroufly dealt with by Wingina, alias <PemiJfapan (for fo, his Brother
Granganimeo being lately dead, he had alter'dhis Name) who endeavor'd to ftir up

& Confederacy of the Chawonocks, Moratocks, and Mangoacks againft them yet by
;
the urgent perfwafions otEnfenore his Father, the trued Friend the Englijh had, after
the death of Granganimeo^ad feeing

he thought they had

all perifh'd,

them fafe return'd from their Journey, wherein

and efpecially upon Menatonons fending MeiTen-

them with Pearl, and Qkifco, King of V/eopomeock, to yield himfelf Vaflal to
Queen of England^ his Hatred was fome what cool'd but Enfenore deceafing foon
}

gers to

the

after, he.return'd to his old treacherous Practifes again,

and

in the end,

was contriving mifchief againft

was

fliot,

the Planters, he himfelf

while he

taken Prifoner,

and beheaded.
After the

Company left upon

Virginia

by

Sir Richard GreenYill, (for he himfelf was

return'd) tir'd out with hunger, hardfhip, and the

laft

redue'd to,

many

extremities they were at

had deferted the Place, and obtain'd PafTage for England, through

the civility of Sir Francis Drake, pitying their diftrefs, fifty

upon

Men more

Were Landed

by the fame Perfon, who how they were furpris'd and deftroy'd
by the Natives, was difcover'd at large to the Supply that was fent over in the Yeas
1587. by Mr. White.
%oanoack-ljle

tiarfaaioni
between the
--

E\I

200

Chap.

A.

II,

A Party of thofe that

went over with Captain Bartholomew Gofnol, Captain John

Smith, &c. were by the Indians fet upon as they were railing a Fort near Cape Henry,
where they Landed, feventeen Men hurt, one flain, and all in danger to have been
utterly deftroy'd, had not a Shot happily made from the Ships by chance frighted
away the Salvages. Another fmall Party under Captain Smith, going down the
River to I\econghean, were very fiercely afTaulted by fixty or feventy Indians, but their
Mufquet-fliot did fuch Execution amongft them, that they

fled into the

Woods and

behind them the Image of their God, which had been carried before them as
their Standard, and not long after fent one of their Queiongca/ocks to offer Peace, and
to redeem their Okee j which Smith granting, on condition fix onely of them would
left

come unarm'd and load

become their Friend, and

Boat with Provifions 5 and promifing moreover to

furnifh them with Beads, Copper, and Hatchets
They

his

him Venifon, Turkies, wild Fowl, Bread,

they had, Singing and Dancing in fign of Friendfliip till they de-

accepted the Condition, and brought

and what
parted.

elfe

In his

the People of Chickahamania'.

In his next

Town and

Return he difcover'd the

Voyage

Countrey of Warraskayock, and

for the difcovery of the

Head of Chickamahania River, he

was",

through neglect of his Sea-men who were fent to watch the Booty,taken Prifoner
in which condition he was kept a whole Moneth
then being releafed, he got Pro*
for
virions
the People in ]ames*Town which had they not timely receiv'd, they had
all abandoned the Place, and returned to England.

While

Affairs flood thus in a

with a Ship and

King
tan.

Awfa.

fixty

Men

mean

condition, Captain Newport arriving there

to ftrengthen the Plantations, he

went to Weromocomoco,
.where King
Tomhatan kept his Court, and found him fitting on a Bed of Mats, and
~
*
J
p
an Embroider'd Leather Cufliion, Cloth'd in Deer-skins at his Feet fat a young
Maiden, and on each fide of the Houfe twenty Concubines his Head and Shoulders were painted red, and a Chain of white Beads hung about his Neck. Newport,
to oblige him, gave him znEngUp? Youth
in requital whereof he receiv'd Powhatan's bofom Friend, Mamontak; with whom returning, he
found a fad Accident,
'

for

_> hap.

<>I

II.

or the Fire

M ET^I C

hadnotonely burnt the Houfes of

the

*oi

A.

new

Planters, but alfo the Pal-

about James*ToWi, made for a Defence againft the Enemies Affaults, and
it hapned in the
of their Store; which was fo'much the worfe, becaufe

ifado's

mod

{^ r

not a Ship, which was fuppos'd to

Winter, and indeed had prov'd very fatal, had
with a confiderable quantity of Provifions.
be loft, happily arriv'd there
an open Barque with fourteen s/^Voyr
Whilft the Town was rebuild in g,Smit/? fet Sail in
and difcover'd two Illes before Point Charles, to which he gave his Name ;

Men

which lay feveral Iflands, by the

found a difturbed Sea, and
Sea-men call'd ^uffels. Before the River Wighcomoco they
at laft he met with two Virgi :
more Northerly a Bay with frefli and hot Water, and
Creek to Onawmoment, where fome hunmans which condu&ed the Englijh along a
to Powhatan's appointment, to cutoff
dreds of them lay in Ambufcade, according

then'ran into the Inlet

Smith

Bullets

Q^eack,

in the midft of

g^g*
&**>

leaping forth'on a fudden appear'd like Devils, all painted ; but the
Defign was onely to difflying about made them all run away. S;w>/?,whofe

who

Patawomeck, ten Leagues up into the

cover the Countrey, and the Silver Mine of
return'd with little Sue*
Countrey, found the Metal to be of little value, fo that he
poyfonous Wound in the Arm, which was given him
cefs, being newly cur'd of a
aground near Toppahanock.
by a Fifh not unlike a Shark, whilft he lay
Englijl), (though
while after being inform'd of Powhatan's Defign to deftroy the

with a Silver Bafin,a rich Chair, Bed, and

he had been lately Prefented by Newport
he, to preventhim, chofe
Furniture belonging to it, with other things of value)
in James*Tlpn, then
eight out of two hundred Men which were Garrifon'd
forty

River being frozen above

going to WeroWocomoco, Landed with much trouble, the
half a Mile from the Shore.
A German Soldier amongft Smith's Company giving private notice to Powhatan
But Smith going on to
flight
of the Defign of the Englijh, made his Efcapc by
hundred Men in Arms, threatPamaunke, found King Opechancangough with feven
:

but Smith making direftly up to him, fet his Piftol on his

Powhatan by this time provided
Breaft, and fore'd him to lay down his Arms.
and Mufquets by two Dutch-nipn, alfo began to beftir himfelf afrem %

ning a

fierce Battel

with Swords

being too foon known, he was again quieted, and fore'd a fecond
Peace was concluded between
time to fend Smith a String of Pearl ; after which a
all the Natives and the Englijh.
of the Plantaother Quarrels and Encounters there were in the Infancy

biit his Intentions

Many

wherein it would be endlefs to" recount all

tion between the Indians and the English,
thdTreacheriesandAmbufcadesofthe Salvages, fome of which had prov'd very
to Captain Smith by (Pom*
pernicious to the Planters, had they not been betray'd
her felf a great
King Powhatan's Daughter, who upon all occafions fhew'd
honta,

Friend to the
foner, he

was

Englijh,
juft

having fav'd the Captain's Life,when, being her Father's Pri-

brought to Execution.

by the Name of
Ttis Lady was afterwards brought into England, Chriftned
at Grave/end in an intended Voy<%ehekah, and Married to one Mr. %olf, and died
age back to her own Countrey.

to be
Nor did their Cruelties and Treacheries end when the Plantation came
Year 1611. in the
for on the two and twentieth of March about the
morefetled,

Government, they generally combin'd to deftroy all the

and dexand carried on this devilifh Defign with fuch diffimulation
there
Women, and Children,
that in one day they cut off feven hundred Men,

time of Sir
Englijh
terity,

Francis Wyat's

there beino- at that time not above fifteen

Since

which time,

in the

hundred

in the

Countrey.

bloody
of ouf Lord 1643. there hapned another
Year
_

Maffacrg,

M E%^I C A

Chap.

II.

MafTacre, wherein near five hundred Engltjh were in one Night

miferably butchered
bythofe barbarous and perfidious Salvages
whofe Blood the prefent Governor
Sir William Berkley, nobly and juftly reveng'd the Year
following, utterly deflroying
moft of them, and taking Prifoner their chief Emperor,
Opichancono, who died not
long after in Prifon.
:

Having given but a fmall hint, in its proper place,

of the Story of Captain
Smith's Imprifonment by <PoT>hatan and his
deliverance from Death by Vocabom]
we have thought not improper to referve the Story of it,
being very
9

remarkable

for a particular Relation, before

otherwife

we

we

conclude our Defcription of Virvmia, fince

fhould have interrupted the Series of our former
DifcourfeT
i

The%elation of Captain Smith's being taken Trifoner

by Powhatan and
of his being deliver d from Death by his "Daughter Pocahonta.'

>~|-lHe

Salvages

having drawn from one George Cajfen

whither Captain
,
Smith was gone, profecuting that opportunity,
they follow'd him with
J^ three hundred
Bowe=Men, conduced by the King of Tamaunk.ee whd
,
in divifions, fearching the turnings
of the River, found two of his Men by
the fire fide , whom they fliot full of
Arrows , and flew. Then finding the
Captain, who, as is faid
us'd the^Salvage that was his Guide
,
as his Shield,
(three of them being flain
and
others fore gall'd) the reft would not
,
come
near him : Thinking thus to have return'd
to his Boat , regarding them as
he march'd , more than his way, he flipp'd up
to the middle in an Ofier-Creek
and his Salvage with him, yet durft they not
come to him, till being near dead
with cold, he threw away his Arms: Then according
to their compofition, they
drew him forth, and led him to the Fire, where his
Men were
flain

ly they chaf'd his

him

benumm'd Limbs, he demanding

Opechankanough,

compafs Dyal.
they could

King of Tamaunkee,

Much

they marvel'd at

diligent-

for their Captain, they fliew'd

whom

to

he gave a round Ivory double

the playing of the Fly and Needle,
which

fee fo plainly,

and yet not touch it, becaufe of the Glafs that

cover'd
them ; but when he demonftrated by that Globe-like
Jewel, the roundnefs of the
Earth, and Skies
the Sphere of the Sun, Moon, and Stars,
and how the Sun did
chafe the Night round about the World
continually
the gteatnefs of the Land
and Sea , the diverfity of Nations, variety of
Complexions, and how we were to
them Antipodes, and many other fuch like matters, they
all flood as amaz'd with
admiration
Notwithftanding within an hour after they ty'd him to a
Tree and
as many as could ftand about him prepar'd
to {hoot him
but the King holding up
the Compafs in his Hand, they all laid
down their Bowes and Arrows, and in a
triumphant manner led him to Orafth, where
he was after their manner kindly
Feafted, and well us'd.
.

Their order

conducing him was thus Drawing themfelves all in

Fyle, the
King in the m.dft had all their Bowes and Swords
borne before him. Captain
Smuh was led after him by three great Salvages,
holding him faft by each Arm
and on each fide 1.x went in Fyle with their
Arrows nocked. But arriving at the
Town (which was but onely thirty or forty Hunting Houfes
made of Mats, which
they remove as they pleafe, as we our
Tents) all the Women and Children flaring
and gazing at him, the Souldiers firftall in Fyle
wheel'd off to the Rear in good
in

Order, on each Flank were Officers, like

Serjeants to
A good time they continued this Exercife, and

Dancing

fee

them keep

their Poftures:

then caft themfelves in a Ring,

in fuch feveral Poftures,

and finging and yelling out fuch

hellifh

Notes
and

A
3'hap.

M E%

II.

%G

I C

nd Screeches; being flrangely Painted, every otic his Quiver of Arrows, and at
on his Arm a Fox or an 0:tersskin, or iome fuch matter for his
us Back a Club
embrace; their Heads and Shoulders Painted red, with Oyl and focones mingled
;

made an exceeding handfome fhow hisBowe

Bird with her Wings abroad dry'd, ty'd on his Head,

ocesher, which Scarlet-like colour,

n his Hand, and the Skin of a

piece of Copper, a white Shell, a long Feather, with a fmall Rattle growing at
.

he Tails of their Snaks ty'd to

he King flood in the midft, guarded, as before

ill

Toy. All

or iome fuch like

it,

is

faid,

where

Smith they conducted to a long Houfe,

departed.

and

this

while Smith and

Dances they

after three

thirty or forty tall Fel-

more Bread and Venifon was brought him

;han would have ferv'd twenty Men, I think his Stomack at that time was not vewhat he lefr, they put in Baskets and iy'd over his Head. About mid:y aood
all this time none of them would eat a
lioiic they fet the Meat again before him
more, and then
3\t with him, till the next Morning they brought him as much
and referv'd the new as they had done the other, which
J id they eat all the old.,

ows

him

did auard

and

e're

long

Yet in this defperate eftate to

nade him think they would feed him for (laughter
fend him from the cold, one Maocajfater brought him his Gown, in requital of fome
Beads and Toys Smith had given him at his firfl arrival in Virginia.
Two days after a man would have {lain him (but that the Guard prevented it)
for the death of his Son/ to whom they conducted him to recover the poor man
then breathing his laft. Smith told them, that at ]ames*Town he had a Water would
:

do

if they

it,

would

let

him

fetch

but made

all

craving his advice, and for

re*

but they would not permit that

it,

the preparations they could to aiTauk James-Toion

compence he mould have Life, Liberty, Land, and Women, In part of a Table*
book he writ his mind to them at the Fort, what was intended, how they fhould
follow that direction to affright the mefiengers, and without fail fend him fuch
things as he writ for, and an Inventory with them. The difficulty and danger, he
told the Salvages, of the Mines, great Guns,

and other Engines, exceedingly

frighted them, yet according to his Requeft they

weather

as

went to

af-

in as bitter

James=To7tm,

could be of Froft and Snow, and within three days return'd with an An-

fwer.

But when they came to James-Town, feeing Men fally out as he had told therri
yet in the night they came again to the fame place where
they would, they fled
he had told them they lliould receive anfwer, and fuch things as he had promised
them, which they found accordingly, and with which they recurn'd with no fmall
h

expedition, to the

wonder of them

the Paper could fpeak

(Payankatanks,

all,

then they led

fuppofing that he could either Divine,or

him

to the Touthtanunds^ the Matt ap anient s , the

the Nantaughtacunds, and Qna~wmanients

upon

the Rivers o^ ^afahanock^.

through intricate ways, and back again by divers other -feveral "Nations, to the Kings Habitation at <Pamdunk.ee, where they entertained him with mofl

and

(pataTbomek,

ftrange and fearful Conjurations.

the

Morning,

a great fire

was made

fide

thereof

on

in

they caus'd

along Houfe

him

to

fit,

and

Not long ater,early in

and a Mat fpread on each

all

the

Guard Went out of

the

the

one

Houfe, and prefently

came skipping in a great grim Fellow,? all Painted over with Coal, mingled
and all their
with Oyl
and many Snakes and Wefeb -skins ftufPd with Mofs
and
Tails ty'd together, fo as they met on the Crown of his Head in a TalTel
round about the Taffel was a Coronet of Feathers the Skins hanging round
about his Head, Back, and Shoulders, and in a manner cover'd his Face- with a
there

hellifh voice,

and a Rattle

in his

Hand.

With moil flrange

he began his Invocation, and environ'd the

fire

geftures and paffions

with a Circle of Meal- wnicrt.

done,

20i].

done, three more fuch

like

Painted half black, half red

M E%_1 C

Chap.

II

Devils came rufhing in with the like antique

Tricks
but all their Eyes were Painted white,

and fome

ftrokes like Mutchatos, along their

a pretty while,

A.

and then came

in

Cheeks

red

round about him thofe Fiends Danc'd

three more as ugly as the reft, with
red Eyes and
:

white ftrokes over their black Faces at laft they all fate down
right againft him
three of them on the one hand of the chief Pried, and
three on the other
then all
with their Pvattles began a Song, which ended, the chief
Prieft laid down five
Wheat Corns, then ftretching his Arms and Hands with fuch
violence, that he
fweat, and his Veins fwell'd, he began a fhort Oration
at the conclufion, they
all gave a (hort groan, and then laid down three
Grains more
after that, bega|
their Song again, and then another Oration, ever laying
down lo many Corns as
before, till they had twice incircled the Fire
that done, they took a bunch of
little Sticks, prepared for that purpofe, continuing
ftill their Devotion,
and at the
end of every Song and Oration , they laid down a Stick
between the Divifions of
Corn: till night, neither he nor they did either eat or drink,
and then they feafted merrily, with the bed Provifions they could
make Three days
;

they us'd this

Ceremony,

meaning whereof they told him, was to know if he

intended them
The Circle of Meal fignifi'd their Countrey, the Circles of Corn
the

the

well, or no.

bounds of the Sea, and the Sticks his Countrey. They imagined
the World to be
flat and round, like a Trencher, and they in
the midft. After this they brouaht him
a Bag of Gun-powder, which they carefully
preferv'd till the next Spring, to Plant
as they did their Corn, becaufe they would
be acquainted with the
nature of that

Seed.

Qpitcbapam, the King's Brother, invited

him to his Houfe, where, with as many Platters of Bread, Fowl, and wild Beafts, as did environ
him, he bid him well,
come, but not any of them would eat a bit with him, but put
up all the remainder
in Baskets. At his return to Opechdncawugbs, all the Kings
Women, and their Children, flock'd about him for their Parts, as a due by Cuftom,
to be merry with fuch
Fragments.
At

laft,

they brought

him

to Meronocomoco,

where was Powhatan their Emperor.

Here more than two hundred of thofe grim Courtiers ftood
wondering at him, as
he had been a Monfter
till
Powhatan and his Train had put themfefves in their
;
greateft Braveries. Before a Fire, upon a feat like
a Bedfted, he fat cover'd with a
great Robe, made of ^arowcun-Skms, and all
the Tails hanging by. On either
hand did fit a young Maid, of fixteen or eighteen years of
Age, and along on each
fide the Houfe, two rows of Men, and
behind them as many Women, "with all
their Heads and Shoulders Painted red
many of their Heads bedeck'd with the
}
white Doun of Birds
but every one with fomething, and a great Chain
of white
Beads about their Necks. At his entrance before the
Emperor, all the People gave a
great fliout. The Queen of Jppamatuck was
appointed to bring him Water to warn
his Hands, and another brought him a bunch
of Feathers, in ftead of a Towel to
dry them Having Feafted him after their barbarous
manner as well as they could,
along confultation was held, but in conclufion, two
,

great Stones being brought

before Powhatan, as

laid

thereon laid his

ready with their Clubs, to beat out his Brains,

many as could,
Head, when being

Hands on him, dragg'd him

to

them, and

Emperors deareft Daughter, feeing no intreaty could prevail,

got his
Head in her Arms, and laid her own upon his to fave him from
death
whereat,
the Emperor was contented he fhould live to make
him Hatchets, and her Bells'
Beads, and Copper; for they thought him a Man of all
Occupations like themfelves
for the King himfelf will make his own Robes,
Shoes, Bowes, Arrows,
Pots, Plant, Hunt, or do any thing as well as the reft.
Pocahontas, the

!l

Two

Chap.

Two

M EX^IC

il

II.

A.

lot

days afcer, Powhatan having difguis'd himfelf in the moil fearful manner

he could, caus'd Captain Smith to be brought forth to a great Houfe in the Woods^
and there upon a Mat by the Fire to be left alone. Not long after, from behind a

Mat

that divided the Houfe,

was made

the

mod

doleful noife he ever heard

then

more like a Devil than a Man., with about two hundred more as black as
himfelf, came unto him, and told him, That now they were Friends, and prefently
he (liould go to James -Town, to fend him two great Guns and a Grindftone, for
which he would give him the Countrey of CapaboTttoJick, and for ever efteem him as
Powhatan,

Son Nantaquoud. So to James -Town with twelve Guides Powhatan fent him.
That Night they Quarter'd in the Woods, he ftill expecting (as he had done all
this long time of his Imprifonment) every hour to be put to one Death or other^
for all their Fcafting but Almighty God (by his Divine Providence) had molli*
The next Morning befi'd the Hearts of thofe ftern 'Barbarians with companion.
times they came to the Fort, where Smith having us'd the Salvages with what kind-

his

two DemiCulverins
they found them fomewhat too heavy but

nefs he could, he friew'd P^awhunt y Powhatan's trufty Servant,

and a Milftone, to carry to Powhatan

when shey faw him Difchargethem, they being loaded with Stones, amongil: the
Boughs of a great Tree loaded with Ilickles,the Ice and Branches came fo tumbling
down, that the poor Salvages ran away half dead with Fear. But at laft we regained fome Conference with them, and gave them fome Toys, and fent to Powhatan's Women and Children fuch Prefents, as gave them in general, full content.
:

Sect.

V*

Carolina.
which lies between twenty nine and thirty fix
It is wafli'd on the
Degrees and thirty Minutes of Northern Latitude
on the Weft with Mare PacifiEaft and South, with the Jtlantick Ocean
cm,or the South Sea and on the North, bounds on Virginia. A Countrey wherein
Nature fhews how bountiful fhe can be without the affiftance of Art, the Inhabitants (excepting a little Afdi^which their old Men and Women Plant) depending

CArolina

is

that part of Florida

situational

olS!!**,

meerly on the natural and fpontaneous Growth of the Soil for their Proviiions,
the Woods furnifliing them with (lore of Fruit and Venifon, and the Rivers .with
plenty of feveral forts of

wholfom and favory

Fifli.

This Maintenance, which without forecaft or toil they receive from the natural
fruitfulnefs of the Countrey, will, if we confider either the largenefs of their

Growth, or the duration of their Lives, be thought neither fcanty nor unhealthy,
their Stature being of a larger fize than that oEn^ijhmtn i their Make fhong and
well proportion/d, a crooked or mif-fhapen Perfon being not to be found in the

and (where the chance of War, which they are aim oil continuone againft another in their little Governments, fpares any of

whole Countrey
ally engag'd

them) they

in

live to

an incredible old age

found fome of their Kings,

The

Soil

which the

is

who faw

very rich and

Englijh

who

fo that

came

there, they

producing naturally Walnuts, Grapes (of Produaihons

of the

made very good Wine) Apricocks.

the Woods alfo are full of very good

are there Planted have

befides
;

Peaches, and all the Seafon of the Year ftaew'd

common growth

natural Offspring of the Place, and

of the

grow

all

over with Strawberries.

Woods and
5

to afTure

Mul*

you they are the

to an incredible bignefs,one

MM

the Englijh

defcend from them the fixth Generation,

fertile,

Bullys, with a multitude of others

berry/Trees are the

when

whereof the
En?li[f?

Soil,

AMERICA.

lo6

Chap.

River) made ufe to fallen the

(who are new Planted at Jlbemark Toint on Jjhley
that all who came from thence fay, they
Gate of their Pallifado to, was fo large,
which is but the ordinary fize of the Mulnever faw any Oak in England bigger,
fure an Argument of the richnefs of the
berry-Trees of this Countrey, which is fo
Virginia enquiring of the Seamen who came from
Soil, that the Inhabitants of
when they were inconcerning the Quality and Produd of the Countrey,

Englid?

thence,

produced, were fo well fatisfi'd with it, that

form'd of the large Mulberry-Trees it
are alfo other Trees, as A(h, Poplar, and
they made no farther Enquiry. There
Eur op but thofe which make it almoft
Bay, with feveral forts unknown to us of
Timber/Trees, are Oak, both red and white, and
all one general Forreft of large
Groves of Pine-Trees, fome a hundred
Cedar. There are alfo here and there large
are to be had either in MaryFoot high, which afford a better fort of Mail than
their luxuriant Branches into a clofe
Land or Norway. Thefe larger Trees weaving
them, either by their Droppings,
Shade, fuffer no Under-wood to grow between
the tender Shoots, quite deflroy it-fo
or elfe the Heads of Deer which loofening all
a vaft Forrell of fine Walks, free from
that a great part of the Countrey is as it were
and Bufhes,and fo clear and open,
the heat of the Sun,or the incumbrance of Shrubs
yielding a Profpeft ve;y
eafily ride a Hunting amongft the Trees,

that a

Man may

On the Skirts

pleafant and fur palling.

of feveral

forts

Inhabitants

of thefe

Woods grow

leffer

Trees and Shrubs

amongft them are fundry Dying Materials, which

know how

to

make

how

well the

ufe of, appears in the Deer.Skins that the chief

of

But
lively Colours.
them wear, which are Painted, or rather Dy'd, with feveral
whofe Leaves make their
amongft their Shrubs, one of moft note and ufe is that
prefrequently ufe, and affirm to be very advantageous for the
Cafini, a Drink they
which, by the defcription our Engltjh give of the fize, colour,
fervation of Health
the tafte, colour, and effects
and (hapeof the Leaf, the fort of Tree it grows on,and
which is nothingbutthe Decodionof the Leaf, feemstobe the very
-

of the Drink,

have feen and tailed both, affame with the Eaft-lndia TEE, and by thofe who
probably be a fpontaneous and native Plant
firm'd to be no other, and may very
of

this Place,

valu'd Leaf

fince thofe

grows moft

who

give us an account of

it,

tell us,

that this fo

much

plentifully in Nanking, a Province in China under the very

Situation with this of Carolina.

fame Latitude,and very much agreeing in Soil and
(who by minding
What Herbs elfe the Countrey produces, the Englijh Enquirers
have been taken off from fuch unprofitable
their Plantations and Settlement there,
that thofe Plats of

Ground

Aaions) give us but little account, onely they fay,

Planting their Corn,
which have been formerly clear'd offby the Indians for the
Grafs and Dazies, which the fertility of
they found thick cover'd with threeleav'd
remove their Tillage to fome other
the Soil thrufts forth, whenever the Natives
and in other parts they found
place, and leave the Earth to its own produftion
Grounds are for
of Garden Herbs growing wild. The low and Moorifh

plenty

overgrown with Sedge and Reeds, and fuch other Trafh, which ufuthofe they call Svamfas, which with
ally incumbers rich and uncultivated Lands
Meadows. There are alfo fome large
a little Husbandry would prove very good

the moft part

f\

and pleafant SaVanas, or graffy Plains.

Nature of her
Thefe are a part of the Trees and Plants beft known to us, that
and nourishes any thing. The Englijh who
felf produces, in a Soil which contrives
of it, at Albemarle, bordering on Virgiare now Planted in the moft Northern parts
Apricocks, Plumbs, and Watermelons, equalnia, have Apples, Pears, Cherries,
both in largenefsof fize and goodnefs
ling, and if you will believe the Inhabitants,
South on Jjhley
in Europe. And they who are Setled farther
of Tafte exceeding
J
b any
River,

Chap.

il Ad

II.

River, have found that the Oranges,

T^

I C A.

Lemmons, Pomegranate;, Limes, Pome-

which they Planted there, have thriven beyond expectation

nothing which they have put into the Earth, that through any defect

citrons, ere.

there

is

Soil, hath

and

in the

fail'd to profper.

Befides thofe things which do ferve to

Hunger, or provoke it, the Land

doth with great return produce Indigo, Ginger, Tobacco, Cotton, and other Commodities fit to fend abroad and furnifTi foreign Markets; and when a little time
fliall have brought thofe kind of Plants to maturity, and given the Inhabitants
fatisfie

Commodities

of the

Countrey.

with Conveniences for ordering thofe things aright

the Trials that they have already made of the Soil and its fitnefs for fuch Plantations, aflure you, that befides Silk, enough to ftore Europe, and a great many

leifure to furnifh themfelves

other confiderable Commodities, they fhall have as great plenty of good

and Oyl, as any part of the World.

The Mould

generally black, mellow, and

is

who have

ufe their Expreflion

upon handling

been there) foapy, and

is

feels

foft,

Wine

and

(to

generally all over the

Countrey juft like the fine Mould of our well ordered Gardens. Under this black
Earth, which is of a good thicknefs in moft places that they have try'd, there lies a
Bed of Marie, and in fome parts Clay.

The Rivers areftor'd with plenty of excellent Fifh of

ken with great

who

eafe in

are never like to

which

are ta-

abundance, and are one great part of the Natives Provifion

want this Recruit,

and

Water-Fowl-'

Countrey fo abounding in large Ri*

between bort^afal and Cape Carteret ,

Trad

one fmall

which

diftant, five or fix great

Degree

Fifh

in a

vers, there being in that

are not one

feveral forts,

Navigable Rivers, that empty

Thefe Rivers are alfo cover'd with Flocks of Ducks and

themfelves into the Sea.

Mallard, whereof millions are feen together, befides Cranes, Herons, GeeCe, Curlews, and other Water-Fowl, who are fo eafie to be kilFd, that onely rifin^ at the
difcharge and noife of a
fently offer a frefli

Gun, they

Mark

inftantly light again in the

fame place, and pre-

At the Mouths of the Rivers, and along

to the Fowler.

Beds of Oyfters, which are of a longer Make than thofe in Europe,

but very well tafted, wherein are often found good large Pearls, which though the

-the Sea-Coaft, are

unskilful Indians by warning the Oyfters

luftre, yet 'tis

not to be doubted, but

of value, and the

do commonly difcolour, and

if rightly order'd, there will

them turn to fome account.

Provifions which the Rivers and Sea

fpoil

their

be found

many

Fifliing for

Befides the eafie

afford, their

Woods

are

well ftock'd with Deer, Rabbets, Hares, Turtle-Doves, Phefants, Partridges, and
an infinite number of Wood*Pigeons and wild Turkies, which are the ordinary

Dimes of the

whofe Houfe-keeping depends on their Fifhing and Hunting,

and who have found it no ill way of Living in fo fertile a Countrey, to truft themIndians,

without any labor or forecaft, to the Supplies which are there provided to
their hands, without the continual trouble of Tillage and Husbandry. Befides,
felves

thefe

Woods

their

Notes

are

as Kinds.

The Temperature
is

on

the

with innumerable variety of fmaller Birds, as different in

fill'd

warmer

orTenfive, as

of

this

Province

is

agreeable to a Countrey,

of the temperate Zone, but yet the Heat

in Places under the fame Latitude in the Old World
fide

tion of Heat, as well as the healthinefs of

Baft and South of

fome think

may

it,

it,

perhaps not a

is

whofe Pofition

not fo fultry nor

to

which modera-

the vaft Mantick Ocean, lying to the

little

contribute, an inftance whereof

which defervedly admir'd Countrey Carolina exactly anfwers in its Pofition and Latitude, t}ie trending from North-Earl: to South-Weil
of its Coaftj and the lownefs of its Shore, and wants nothing but Inhabitants, to
China to be

to

make

Tern peraf are

of the Climate,

208

make

it

Soil,

that ftourifTiing

equal,

if

M E<KI C

not excel!, in

all

Empire.

A.

^nap,

conveniences of Life, as

The

heakhinefs of the Air

it

doth

in richnefs

of

fuch, that

it is not
favorable
and
to
the
home-bred Indians and Conftitutions accuftom'd.
onely benign
to it, but the Englijh-mtn who firft Planted on Jfeley River, though for fome other
is

Conveniences they Planted on the

compafs'd with a

fait

or almoft middle of a Morafs, and were enMarfh, where the Air, pent up with Woods that furrounded

them, had not that freedom

it

fide,

hath in open and cultivated Countreys, yet

loft

not

whole years time, of a confiderable number, any onePerfon, of any Difeafeto

be imputed to the Countrey, thofefew that dy'd in that time finking under lingring Diftempers which they brought with them, and had almoft worn them out
in a

before they

came

own

The

thither.

'Bermudians

(who being accuftom'd

to the pure

Air

cannot without hazard of their Lives put themfelves into any

other Place) affur'dofthe heakhinefs of this Place, which is the next Land to

of their

Ifland,

them, and under the fame Latitude, venture hither*

And

generally

all

the Englifh

Planting in the WeftJndies, are fo taken with the Conveniences of this Countrey,'
which, as fome of the mod confiderable of the Englifh in thofe Parts fay of it, promifes

all that the

wifri, that they fend the

overplus of their Peo-

which the Inhabitants of Barbados, a skilful and wary fort of Planwell knowing in all the parts of the Wefl-Indies, have been found to remove the

ple hither
ters,

Heart of Man can

Hands

to

As the Summer

they could fpare.

the Winter

is

not intolerably nor offenfively hot, fo

not troublefom nor pinching, but enough to correct the Humors of
is

Mens

Bodies, the better to strengthen them, and preferve their Healths, and fo far
to check the growth of Plants, that by this flop they may put out more regularly,

and
the

Corn and other Fruits the better ripen together, and be ready feafonably at
Harveft, the want whereof in fome Countreys hinders the beneficial Growth
the

of feveral valuable Commodities,the continual Spring all the year long making that
their Crops are never ready, their Trees being laden with green and ripe Fruit at
the fame time,

which

growing between the Tropicks,

where, though they bear excellent Grapes, yet they cannot make any Wine, whileft:
the mixture of ripe and fowre Grapes upon the fame Branch, renders them unfit for
the Prefs, which from Grapes fo blended, though of a good kind, would fqueeze
out a very crude and ufelefs Liquor. This alfo is the reafon why many Parts
where our Wheat will grow very well, do yet lofe the benefit of it, whileft the feis

to be feen in the Vines

veral Ears ripening unequally, never

make

Countrey hath Winter enough to remove

to the Rifs of the Sap, and the
Fruits
fit

Namre,conManner,' of
the Inhabitants

Bud and Bloffom

Crop

the

fit

for the Sickle.

that Inconvenience,

Budding of Plants,

in their diftint Seafons,

as to

But

and to put fuch

make

this

a ftop

the feveral kinds of

and keep even pace

till

they are

to be gather'd.

happy Climate the native Inhabitants are very well fuited, a ftrong,'
lufty, and well fhap'd People, who to their well knit and active Bodies, want not
ftout and vigorous Minds
they are a People of a good Understanding, well Humor'd, and generally fo juft and Honeft, that they may feem to have no notice of,
as their Language hath no word for, Diflionefty and Cheating
and the worft
this

Name

they have for

Men

They are a ftout and vawhich appears in the conftant Wars they arc engaged in, not out of
covetoufnefs, and a defire of ufurping others PofTefllons, or to enrich themfelves by
ill

is,

that they are not good.

liant People,

the Spoils of their Neighbors, but

ctory, which

enjoy fo

is

much

Triumphs

upon

a pitch of

Honor, and

for the glory of Vi-

being no parts of their Lives wherein they

fatisfaction, and give themfelves fo wholly to Jollity, as in their
their greateft joy, there

after Victory.

Valor therefore

is

the

Venue

they

mod

efteem and

reward,

M E %^l C

<U

^'Kap

zop

'J.

:ward, and he which hath behav'd hirnfelf well in the Wars,

wear

fufFer'd to

is

Badges of Honor, and is advanced beyond others with fome Marks of his
outage $ which amongft Tome is blacking the Skin below his Eyes with black
which Mark of Courage is not fufead, in fafhion fomething of an Half-Moon

ie

worn by

be

r'd to

any, but thofe

who by fome

brave Action, as killing the ne*

ly's

Leader, &c. hath fignaliz'd hirnfelf in their Encounters.

ieir

Promifes,

iey

want even

fair

They

are faithful to

and candid in their Dealings, and fofasfrom Difiionefty, that

the Seeds of

and Govetoufrtefs; and he will be

V/^. Forecaft

it,

Day, who troubles not himfelf much about to

lorrow, and trufts for the Provilions of the Day to the Day it felf which pro;eds not in them for want of Wit, but defire of Content and Quiet, or by the help
F their natural Reafonthey enjoy that Happinefs which the Philofophers could
:ry little apt to deceive

ot
r

by

you

to

Study and Reading attain

their

Men

to, whileft thefe

cut off thofe Defires

hich Learning could never help the other to Govern, and which

if

once permit

d to run out beyond the prefent, are capable of no Reft nor Bounds.
onverfation they are courteous and
lother

wh v n

they meet, their

id fucking in their Breath

roak his Thighs too

[ero'Sj us'd to their

rac'd their

lem to
f

Knees

Princes,

in their Vifits

if

is

make

ftroaking on the Shoulders,

Man whom

he be a great

Prefents to one

they Salute, they

an Addrefs, as thofe Patterns of good Breeding, the

as civil

and

way of Salutation

and

civil,

who

in their greateft Courtfhips,

After their Salutation they

down

fit

we

and

it

almoft a quarter of an hour before they fpeak, which

fit flill

In their

em*
ufual with

are told,
is
is

not an

ftupidity or fullennefs, but the accuftom'd Gravity of their Cotintrey

effect

for they

Tempers a merry, frollick, gay People, and fo given to Jollity, that

iey will Dance whole Nights together, the Women fitting by and Singing, whileft
ie Men Dance to their Ayrs, which though not like ours, are not -Jurfh or unpleaSo that if we will not let our
ng, but are fomething like the Tunes of the Irijh
:lves too fondly admire onely the Cuftoms we have been bred up in, nor think
den are to be valu'd for making Legs after our Mode, or the Clothes they wear,
7hich,the finer and gayer they are, always the more to befufpected of Luxury and
ce

in their

iifeminatenefs

if

we

will allow but thefe

Men to

follow the Garbs of their

own

^ountrey, and think them fine enough in a fhape onely to hide their Nakednefs
iefore,

or a Deer*skin hanging loofely on their Shoulders, and their

Woraeu not

Garments of Mofs, and Necklaces of Beads, whilefl: the Fafhion of

heir Courts require no other Ornaments
if, I fay, along and pleafant Life,
without Diftemper or Care, be to be valu'd, without the incumbrance of unne11

DrelVd

in

:clTary

Trinkets

if

Men

are to be efteem'd for Valor, Honefty, Friendfhip,

Hu*

nanityand good Nature, though Strangers to the ceremonious Troubles we are

tccuftom'd to, the Natives of Carolina will as

tfame oMiferahle } or Salvage,

Spaniards

who

as thofe that give it

have Planted amongft

Oountrey, have been

ill

therrij

handled by them

or perhaps

little,

them,

or with

lefs,

deferve the

'Tis true, the French and

little

Armies

travell'd their

but yet the Indians never did them any

larm, or treated them otherwife than Friends,

till

thofe Europeans by their breach of

and feveral Outrages, hadprovok'd their juft Revenge i and they did nothing
but what moll vertuous and generous fort of Men are apt to do, to revenge thofe
Affronts, which did not agree with their Tempers tamely to endure.
That
Faith

in

did not proceed from treachery and inconftancy in their Natures,

is

apparent

the contrary Correfpondence they have had with the Englifh Setled

amongft

-His

:hem, to
tous

whom they have been

of their

Company

all

along very kind,

for after that

fome of

as

tk#y were at

firft

their King's Relation

very cove-

had been

at

Barbados

M E 5^1

sA

2I0

Chap. I|

A.

and admir'd the Temper, Fafhions, and Strength of th

civilly Treated in that Ifland, they were lo wel
Englift there, and had been very
Englijh to Settle there, the feveral lictli
fatisfi'd with them, that at the coming of the
Kingdoms {hove with all the Arts and Arguments they could ufe, each of them tc
draw the Englijh to Plant in their Dominions, by commending the richnefs of theii

Barbados, and had feen

conveniency of their Pvivers, the heakhinefs of their Countrey, the difparage<

ment of their Neighbors, and whatever elfethey judg'd might allure the Englijh tc
their Neighborhood. Nor was this onely the firft heat of Men fond of Novelties,
Soil,

foon weary of them again, but ever fince the Englijh firfb Planted atJlbemam
foint, on Jjhley River, they have continued to do them all manner of friendly Ofthing they have obferv'd
fices, ready on all occafions to fupply them with any

and

as

them

making ufe of our Mens Necefikies, as an opportunity to enof their Commodities, a fort of fair Dealing we could fcarce have

to want, not

hance the Price

promised them amongft

well bred, and religious Inhabitants of any part

civiliz'd,

of Europe ; and though they are much frighted with our Guns, both fmall and great,
yet like innocent and well-meaning People, they do not at all diftrufl our Power,
but freely, without fufpicion, truft themfelves, both" Men and Women, even their

Kings themfelves, in our Town, Lodging and Dancing there frequently whole
Nights together, upon no other Pledges but the bare confidence of our mutual
nor do our Men ufe any greater caution in Converting with them,
Friendship
ftragling up and down, and travelling fmgly and unarmed through their Woods
for many Miles about, and are fo far from receiving any injury or ill treatment
;

from them, that on the contrary they are kindly us'd and Entertained, and guided
by them in their Way whenever they defire it and when any of our Men meet
them in their Walks, the Indians all (land ftill till they are gone by, civilly Saluting them as they pafs. Nor doth this AiTurance of theirs bound it felf within
their own Homes,they of their own accords venturing themfelves aboard our Ships,
;

have gone voluntarily with our

Men

been wanting on their parts in any thing that

ry cautious of doing

them any

them even

two

preferve this

the wafte

Befides the fimplicity of the Indians Diet,

general averfion to thofe

may

injury, bartering with

receive of them, and buying of

Nor have

and Barbados.

to Virginia

it is

them

Land

the Englijh

Amity, being ve-

for thofe

things they

make no

they

ufe of.

very remarkable, that they have a

and
Meat*

things which are moft acceptable to our Palates,

without which few of us either eat or drink with any delight ; for in their
they cannot endure the leaft mixture or rcllifh of Salt ; and for their Drink, they
utterly abominate all manner of ftrong Liquor ; to the latter whereof, their large

owingo
Governed by an Hereditary King,
Every
little Town is a diftincliPrincipality,
*

/
_
r
c
the bucceiKing,
precedent
Son
the.
to
Sifters
but
Son,
who in fome places is not

Growth and

Their

man.

of Govern-

conftant Health,

is

perhaps not a

little

fion of the

Blood*Royal being continued by the

thofe Princes

is

to lead their

fafer fide.

The

out againft their Enemies

Men

great Bufinefs of

in-

War, or againfl
Hunt, or elfe to

be to appoint them where to

Confult about making fome Attempt upon their Enemy, he hath but fmall trouble

the

Beads in Hunting

for unlefs

it

in the

Government of his

few occafions they have

few Laws, and

little

who

Subjects,

either

through their

for Controverfies in their extempore

Severity to keep

People without Contract, and

fail

them

in order

own

Honcfty, or the

way of Living, need

but yet they Govern their

not of a ready Obedience to their

Commands;
who by the

when fome of them have bought things of fuch of the English,

Orders made amongft our felves were not to Traffick with the Indians, they have,
upon Complaint made to their Qafques, been rcftor'd again, though in ftrift Rules
fothat

of

-^

AMERICA.

3'hap. II;

Law they were

if

211

bound by, nor obliged -to take notice of the Rules which
Govern our own People, and had at jufl Prices bought what

neither

made onely to
fuchisthe Honefty of Men,
hey carry'd away
vere

wiiofe Principles not being cor*

upted with Learning and Diftinction, are contented to follow the Dictates of
ight Reafon, which Nature has diffidently taught all Men for the well ordering
>f

A&ions, and enjoyment and prefervation of humane Society, who do not

themfelves up to be arnus'd and deceiv'd by infignificant Terms, and minding

their

;ive

vhat

is

juft

and

The fame

is

right, feek not Evafions in the Niceties

of the

to be faid

nerly faid of Virginia and

and

Fallacies of

Words.

Difcovery of this Countrey, as hath been forof both which it partakes but as to the prefent

firft

Florida,

ntereft

and Propriety, the

Englifh, befides

all Virginia intirely,

have alfo fo

much

makes up thisconiiderable Province of Carolina, which Toon after the

iappy Reftauration of His prefent Majefty King Charles II. from whom it receives
)enomination, was granted by Patent to Edward Earl of Clarendon, L. Chancellor
if

Florida as

{England, George

Duke of Albemarle,

William Earl of Craven, John

Lord

Carolina

granted by
Patent to
feveral

No*

ble Perfons

by His Majefty.

Berkley, Anthony

-ord Aftley, Sir George Carteret, Vice-Chamberlain of His Majeffcy's Houfliold

Vtttiam Berkley, Knight and Baronet, and Sit John Colleton, Knight and Baronet.

Sir

The
tig

Lords-Proprietors of this Countrey, for the better Settlement of it accordto their Patent granted unto them by His Majefty, and for the enlargement of

King's Dominions in thofe parts of America, have been at great Charge to fecure
bis forich and advantageous a Countrey to the Crown of England, to whom
of an*
lie

ient

Right, by the Difcovery of Sir

time of Henry the Seventh,

doth belong,and for its Situation, Fertility, Neighborhood to our other Plantatinsand feveral other Conveniences, of too valuable confideration to be negligently
Sehajlian Cahott in the

:>ft

By

the Care therefore and Endeavors of thofe Great

onfiderable Colonies Planted in

it,

Men,

the one of Albemarle, on the

it

hath

now two

Their care
for Selling

North

fide,

border*

on Virginia, where are fome hundreds of Englijh Families remov'd thither

:om Kern England, and fome of our other Plantations in the Wejl-Indies and anolg

and Improving of this

Plantation.

ler

towards the middle of the Countrey,

at Charles-Town, or Ajhley-^iver, a Settle-

ment fo hopeful, for the healthinefs of the

Land, and convenience of accefs by a

irgedeep Navigable River, and fo promifing in its very Infancy, that

he rich Inhabitants of Barbados and Bermudas, who are now crowded up
iourifliing Iflands,

and

and Thoughts

this

many

many of
in thofe

in our other American Plantations, are turning their

way, and have already removed part of their Stock and

iervants thither. Nor is it to be doubted, but that many, following the Example
>f thofe who went to Albemarle, will be drawn to this better
Plantation at Ajhley*
Lyes

where the heat of their Zeal, and the coldnefs of the Air,
not agree with every Man's Conftitution and therefore it is to be thought,

^rt>er,from 1S{ew*England,

loth

hat
>e

many well temper'd Men, who are not much at

eafe

under fuch Extreams, will

forward to remove hither.

The

Lords=Proprietors, for the comfortable fubfiftence, and future enrichment

Fair

Terms

propos'd to

who fliall this Year 1671. Tranfport themfelves and Servants thither, whomfoevar
How every Man a hundred Acres per Head, for himfelf, his Wife, Children and remove
>f all

thofe

fliall

thither.

him and his Heirs for ever, paying onely one Penv
which Peny an Acre is not to be.paid thefe nineteen years;

Servants, he carries thither, to

in

Acre, as a Chief-Rent

;nd thofe Servants

.

who go

along thither with their Mafters, fhall each alfo have

hundred Acres upon the fame Terms, when he is out of his Time. But though

hefe Conditions are very advantageous,

and the Countrey promifes to the Planter

Plenty and Riches at a cheap Rate, yet there is one thing that makes this
lantation more valuable than all thefe, and that is the fecure poffefTion of all thefe
lealth,

things,

vf

M E %I C

Chap. 1L

A.

things with as great certainty as the ftate of humane Affairs, and the tranfieiit things of this Life are
caoable of, in a well continu'd Form of Government, wherein it is made every Man's Intereft to preserve the flights of his Neighbor with his own 5 and rhofe who have the greateft Power, have it limited to the Seivice of the Countrey, the Good and Welfare whereof whileft they preferve and promote, they cannot mils of their own, the Lords Proprietors having no other aim, than to be the
greateft Men in a Countrey where every one may be happy if it be not his own fault, it being almoir.
as uncomfortable, and much more unfafe, to be Lord ever, than Companion of a miferable, un-

happy, and difcontented Society of Men.

With this Defign the Lords-Proprietors, who are at great Charge for carrying on this Plantation,
have put the framing of a Government into the Hands of one, whofe Parts and Experience in Affairs
of State are univerfally agreed oBj and who is by all Men allow'd to know what is convenient for the
right orde ring Men in Society, and fetling a Government upon fuch Foundations, cs may be equal,
ftins h and to this hath a Soul large enough to with well to Mankind,and to deiire,that all
People
where he hath to do might be happy. My Lord AjiUy therefore,by the cenfent of his Brethe
thren, the reft of the Lords Proprietors, hath drawn up, to their general fatisfaction, fome fundamental Conftkutions, which are iince, by their joy nt approbation, conflrm'd to be the Model and
Form of Government in the Province of Carolina, 5 the main Defign and Ballance thereof (according to the bed of my memory, having had a Copy thereof) in (hort is as followeth :
'

Very County

The Model
drawn up bv

isto confift of forty fquare Plots, each containing twelve

thoufand Acres. Of

thefe fquare Plots each of the Proprietors is to have one, which is to be call'd a Signiory.
the Lord AJl-iEi ghTmore of thefe fquare Plots are to be divided amongft the three Noble-men of that County, vi&+
hy for thr
Government a Landgrave, who is to have four of them 3 and two Casques, who are to have each of them two
of Catehna.
apiece} and thefefquare Plots belonging to the Nobility, are to be call'd Baronies. The other twenty

four fquare Plots, call'd Colonies, are to be the Poffefiion of the People ; And this Method isto be obferv'd in the Planting and Setting out of the whole Countrey } fo that one Fifth of- the Land is to be
ia the Proprietors, one Fifth in the Nobility, and three Fifths in the People,
2. The Siguories and Baronies,thatis,the hereditary Lands belonging to the Proprietors and Nobipower of alienation, more
lity, are all entirely to defcend to their Heirs, with the Dignity, without
than for three Lives., or one and twenty years, or two Thirds of their Signiorics and Baronies, and the
.

be Dcmefne.
5. There will be alfo fome Manners in the Colonies, but none lefs than three thoufand Acres in a
Piece, which like the reft of the Colony Lands, will be alienable, onely with this difference, that it
cannot be paicell'd out, but if fold, it muft be altogether.
There is to be a Biennial Parliament, confifting of the eight Proprietors, the Landgraves and
Capques, and one out of every Precinct, that is the fix neighb?rmg Colonies, for the People,
choien by the Freeholders % thefe are to fit and Vote alrogether for the making of Laws, which (hall
be infoice no longer than fixfy years after their Enacting, the great miichief of mofr Governments,
bv which net onely the People are mightily entangled by multiplicity of Rules and Penalties, and
thereby laid open to the Malice and Deiigns of troublefom Men and cunning Projectors } but, which
is far worfe, the whole frame of the Government in tract of t;me comes toberemov'd from its original Foundation, and thereby becomes more weak and tottering,
5. These are eight fupream Courts for t'ne difpatch of all pubiick Affairs } the firft confjfts of the
Palatine, who is the eldeft of the Proprietors, and hath power to call Parliaments, and difpofe of
pubiick Offices. The other feven fupream Courts are, 1. The chief Juftices for the determining of
Controversies oi Meum and Inum^ and judging of Criminals. 2. The Chancellors, for palling of Charters, and managing the State Matters of the Province. 3. The High-Conftables, for Military Affairs,
4, The AdmiralsTor Maritime Affairs. 5, The High-Stewards,for Trade. a.TheTreafurers, for the
pubiick Stocky and y, The Chamberlains 5 for Ceremonies, Fafnions,Marriages, Burials, ^Y. Thefe
are the feven fupream Courts, to whom lies the ultimate Appeal in all Caufes belonging to them.
Each of thefe Courts confifts of one Proprietor, and fiji other Councilors, whereof two are chofen
bv the Nobility, a: d two by the People. All the number of thefe eight Courts joyn'd together make
the Grand Council, which are inthe nature of a Council of State, and are gntrufled with the management of Affairs of greateft concernment. There is alio in every Count/ a Couit, and in every
Vrecinct another * from the Precinct Court there lies an Appeal to the County Court, and from the
County Court to the Proprietors Court, to which the Matter in queftion belongs, and there is the
laftdecifion and determination thereof, without any farther Appeal. Andto keep the Peoplefrom
the Charges and vexation of long Suits, to the enriching of Men cunning in Words, care is taken,
that no Caufe fhall be Try'd more tftan once in anyone Court, and that profefs'd Pleaders for
Money fhall not be allow'd.
Liberty of Confdence is here alfo allow'd in the greateft latitude, but yet fo, that neither Atheifts,
or Men of no Religion, are permitted 5 Atheifm, Irreligion, and vicious Lives being condemn'd,
as difagretable to humane Nature, inconfiftent with Government and Societies, and deftructive to all
thatisufeful to or becoming of Mankind} as on the other hand, rigorous Impofing of, and hot
Contentions about the Ceremonies and Circumftances of Religion, is an occafion of perpetual Strife,
Faction and Dsvifron, keeps Men from fedate and temperate Enquiries after Truth, eats out the great
Cement of humane Converfation, Charity, and cannot be found in any one, who hath butmodefty
enough to think himfelf lefs than a Pope, and fhort of Infallibility.
There is alfo to be a Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances of Land, to prevent even the ocean"ons of Controversies and Law-Suits.
There are feveral other lefs considerable Particulars in this Government, all contriv'd and de
fjgn'dfor the good and welfare of the People^ all which are fo well put together, and in fuch equa
proportion ballance each other, that fome judicious Men who havefeen it,fay,it is the heft and fairefi
Frame, for the well-being of thofe who fhall live under it. of any they have feen or read of.
reft to

>

CHAP

Chap.

M E %;! C

*A

III.

CHAP.

A.

2,13

III.

Florida.

SOuth- Weft

of

Virginia licth the fpacious

therto rather by the great pains

Countrcy of

which the

Florida,

remarkable

iituition

hi- *
|
Bounds.

and

have taken, and the ill

Succcffes they have met with in the difcovery and fearch
of this Province,
than by any thing elfe they have difcover'd in it anfwerable to
their defires. On the'
Eaft it hath the Atlantick Ocean, or Mars del ]S[prdt
on the South, and South- Weft
;
theGulph o{ Mexico zndMare Virginium ; ^and full Weft, part of
New Gallicia, and
fome other Countreys, not yet perfectly known.

This Countrey

is

alfo one of thofe,

faid to

Spani ards

have been

firft

of

all

by

difcover'd

Charges of the King of England, about the Year

145*7. but
afterwards more throughly fearch'd into by John Concede Leon,
a Spaniard, who in ****?*
"
the Year 1512. fee Sail with three Ships out of the Haven St.
German in Porto %ico,
North. Weft to the Ifles Del Veio, Caycos, Yaguna, Amaguyao, Manegua,
and Guanabani,
firft difcover'd by Qhriftopher Colonus,znd call'd St. Salvador
After that Steer'd NorthWeft by a Coaft, which (becaufe of its pleafant profped) was call'd
Florida, or (according to the more common Opinion) becaufe it was on
<Palm*Sunday, which
Sir Sebafiian Cabot, zt the

the

Spaniards call

Pafcha de Flores, or Tafcha Florida) that he Landed

here
find out a Haven he kept fight of the Shore, which
appear'd

him.
frefli

And

to

South-Weft from
Here the Ships met with fo ftrong a Tide, that notwithstanding
they had a
Gale of Wind, yet could they not (tern it one of the Ships
was
-

driven to Sea

two calling Anchor, which raking, drovetoward the

Shore
whither, being beckned by the Indians, they immediately went
when no fooner
he Landed, but they ran in great Companies to make themfelves
Mafters of the
Veffels, khTd one Spaniard,znd wounded two more
the Night approaching put an
end to the Fight. From hence Sailing to the River La Cruix for
Wood and
out of fight

the other

.'

,-

Water,

they were

refilled

glides

fixty Natives,

which they put

to flight

with their Guns, and

which they ereded a Stone Crofs. The Promontory,
by
the ftrong Current, lies in twenty Degrees
North-Latitude, and call'd

took one Prifoner

which

by
.

after

CabodeQorr'ientes, as the

Row

of

Ifles,

the Cliffs at a diftance appear like

Encounters with the

before the

Main Land

Men Handing on

Poles.

Los Martyres, becaufe

Laftly, after

fome fmall
home, being onely inform'd falfly by
River, and on the Ifle Bimini a Fountain
whofe S?ou
Pe

Floridans, Ponce return'd

the Indians, that in Florida

was

Waters made old People young.

But after this Florida remained not unvifited for eight years
after the foremention'd Voyage, Lucas Vafque de Aylom weighed
Anchor with two Ships from Hi/pa.
K
niola, to fetch Slaves from the adjacent
Ifles for the Gold-Mines,
.

which Labor the

Natives were not able to perform

therefore fleering his Courfe Northwardly,
he
Sail'd along the Coaft of Chicoa and Gualdape, by
them call'd Cabo de St. Helena and
V& Jordan, where the Natives look'd upon the Ships as Sea-Monfters,
and feeing
Bearded Men in them, fled
the Spaniards purfuing them, overtook
one Man and a
Woman . who being well Entertain'd, and Clad in Spanijh Habits,
:

gers fo acceptable to their

them with Provifions, and

Countrey-men, that
to invite the

their

Sea-men
**

to

made the StranKing fent fifty Men Aboard of

his Dominions. The King fat
with

plelook

^.
$?
un

'

vf

z-14-

M E %I C

Chap.

A.

III.

his Shoulders, .covering his Belly

with a great Cloth about him, made faft on
and beinglong, was held up by one of
Breaft and Back with the Lappet thereof,
Pearl that came three
over one of his Shoulders hung a String of
his Servants
on his Head he wore a Cap full of
times about, and reach'd down to his Thighs
a double Chain of Pearl
Ribbonds- his Arms and Legs werealfofurrounded with
But the Queen went almoft naked,
very rich Staff

Habit of a
Floridttn

King.

in his right

Treachery of
Vafauez.

Indians mifufed.

Hand

he held a

before her from her left Shoulder

onely a piece of a wild Beafts Skin hung down
Pearl about her Neck hung down between
to her mid-Leg, and a double String of
down to the Calves of her Legs i
her Breads, and her Hair Comb'd behind reach'd
about her Wrifts and Ancles hung alfo Strings of Pearl.
On the Kings Command, the Spaniards were permitted to make infpeftion into
courteoufly Entertain' d, and not
the Countrey, in which they were every where
invited the Indians
without Gold and Silver Prefents. Returning Aboard, Vafym^
them thanks for the Favours which
to go with him, under pretence of returning
had he gotten a confiderable number
they had bellowed upon him 5 but no fooner
one Ship, arriv'd with the other fafe at
in his Ships, but he fet Sail, and lofing
with grief and hunger died at Sea,
Hifpaniola with a.kw Indians, for mod of them

and thofe that remain'd alive, liv'd on dead Carrion.

of Span
Some few years after, Vafyue^ receiving Letters Patent from the Court
which brought a
Florida, fitted out a Ship thither in 1020.
for the

Government of

went not long afgood Return of Gold, Silver, and Pearls whereupon he himfelf
one of his Ships, which prov'd not the
ter, and coming into the River Jordan, loft
Men, they were all of them either flain
wo'rft Accident for Landing two hundred
Retreat :
fo that Vafque^ was fore'd to found a
or wounded by the Inhabitants
drawn to that Coaft, and the rather,
afcer that the Spaniards were lefs willingly
.,

Vafauez defeated by the

Tltridans.

And

Gold but what they procur'd

the Countrey.
from the Otapales and Olvgatonos, fixty Leagues Northward up in
retain'd fo
Notwithftandingthefeunfuccefsful Expeditions, <Pamphilns Harvae^
Charles the Fifth,
much Courage, that obtaining Letters Patents from the Emperor
becaufe the Inhabitants feem'd poor, and had

J&arvasz

hi

Expedition.

little

he
v

Ghap.
he

ME\,1C A.

Ill,

ni

out four Sail and a Brigantine, weigh'd

Anchor from Cuba with iix hub
dred Men and eighty Horfe, in the Year
On Florida he Landed three hun,, l8
dred Foot and forty two Horfe they found
many empty Huts.but in a great Houfe
;
a golden Bell hid amongft the Nets, Chefts full
of Merchandife, and in each a dead
Body cover d with Bead Skins,and painted; Pieces
of Linnen Clothed Wedges of
Gold, which they had from the remote Countrey
fitted

Jpalacbe.

the

Opinion of Nunne K

l^anae^ though

*-*

againft

Cabeca,

march'd up into the Countrey, whilft the Fleet

was
to ftand along the Shore, and travelling
fifteen days faw neither Houfe
nor Man ?
onely here and there fome Talmko-Titet
Cronlng a River on Floats, they were
Encountredby two hundred of the Natives of which
the Spaniards, having routed
them, took fix Prifoners, who furnilh'd them
plentifully with Indian Wheat. After this they march'd fifteen days farther,
without difcerning the leaft foot.ftep of a
Man but at laft they met an Indian Lord with a confiderable
Train, before whom
marcn'd leveral Pipers : -being told by
NarVaeK that his Journey was for Jpalacbe,
he conduced the Spamards with a Canoo over
a River, and Landing again, walk'd
With them to his Village, where he Entertain'd
them with great civility. 2iarVae
K>
after a long and troublefom Journey,
came at laft in fight of
:

which contained two hundred and forty Straw

Houfes,
tains on a Moor.ft, Soyl, full of
Nut, Pine, and

Jpala cbe, a Village

between the Moun.

SavincTrees, Oaks, Laurel, and
built

OurnVdmaoX befides the.Trees, which blown down in feveral

places
Wind from between the Hills, and lying crofs, cumber
the Highways
many deep Pools, and alfo Bears, Lyons, and other
make

the

Ways

very dangerous.

by a ftrong
:

There are

ravenous Creatures, which

Falling fuddenly on the Village, took the

#4^

Cafiaue Pr.loner, as alfo ftore

of Wheat, Mortars to pound it, Hides, and Thredfpun Cloaks. Here he refted twenty five
days, during which time fome of his
Men Journey'd farther into the Countrey, yet found none
but poor People
troublefom Ways, and an unfruitful Soyl
twice they were fet upon by the Natives who kill'd fome of the Horfes
and Men They being a very ftrong People
run ftark naked, and as fwift as a Deer,
Diving under Water from the Spaniards
Bullets; which not a little amazing
NarVae^, he thought
:

it convenient to fet upon

the Village Ai, lying on the Shore
:
Nine days he was in a miferable condition He u
before he got any Wheat, Peafe, or other
mr
Provifions from this Village the getting S"
whereof coft him very dear, for the Villagers
behav'd themfelves fo valiantly
that they kill d many Spaniards, and
fome of their Horfes, which fince they left the'

,-.

Haven of

St. Cruce

had

two hundred and eighty Leagues , fo that being

d and out of heart, they could not carry
the Sick and Wounded, who not able
to go, fell down dead in the Way
whereupon it was judg'd convenient to make
hve Barques, in which they made their
Shirts fervefor Sails, the Horfes Tails and
Mayns for Ropes, their Skins to hold frefli
Water ; with which putting out to Sea
they law no Land in feven days
: and running through the Straights
of St. Miuell,
Steer d along the Coaft of gfe del
Talmes where they fuffer'd great Drought, infomuch that fome drinking fait Water, died thereof:
at laft Landing, they were in
the Night fet upon by a
Cafique, who having given tiaryae a great Wound in the
K
leaving
Faceted,
behind hima Sable Cloak, fcented with
Amber threedays they
rang d again along the Sea-fW,
when the Barque of Nunne^ Cabeca being behind,
was by Storm driven on the Shore, where
a hundred Indians waited to cut them off, <** "
but were pacifi-d with fome Trifles
Thus being bereav'd of Arms, Provifion,
and all manner of Neceffaries, they
found themfelves on an Ifle, by the Inhabitants
calld'.Malbado, where they were
Iodg'd and maintain'd fo long as they had His flt-ange
Entertainanything left ; but Famine grew at laft to
fuch a heighth, that they devour'd m?m at MilbtiJe.
travell'd

tir

'

;.

Z,

2.

one

M E %^l C

ZIqX

Chap.

/!.

III.

Men there rcmain'd onely four alive, vi^.

by Land reach'd to New
Xunne^Cabeca,Cafullo,Orantes, znAEfteVamco, who at laft
Dangers, Of famphdus
and foon after to Mexico, having efcap'd a thoufand

on; another, and

in a fhort

time of eighty

Gallicia,

Ex-

Sottas's

pedition veiy

I'cmarkabk.

he wasdrown/d.
NarVae^tievet any tydings being heard, it is fuppos'd
of Florida lay dead for eleven years,
After this miferablc Adventure, the Bufinefs
obtained fo much of the Emperor
Ferdinands Sottus, chofen Governor of Cuba,

till

men

more

he ventured one Expedition

Charles the Fifth, that

for Florida

he carried five hundred Foot, and three hundred and

Landing

in the

Bay Del Efpirito

Santo,\it

fity

Horfc

march'd againft the Cafique

Sea-

Befides

with which

Vitacucbo,

whom

whom he either put to the

he took Prifoner, with a thoufand of the Natives,
all the Winter in
Sword, or caus'd them to be torn in pieces by Dogs and ftaying
himfelf with Provifions s he was informed,
Jpalacke foxtifrd that place, and furnim'd

abounding
days Journey from thence lay the Kingdom of Cofaekiqui,
Spaniards very defiwith Gold, Silver, and Pearls, which made every one of the
dangerous, for the valirous to go thither, notwithstanding the Way was very
Ambufcade in the Cornfields, wounded and kill'd many of

that thirteen

ant Floridans lying in

foon as March approached, fet forward on

found a few young People, and the
his Way. In the poor Province of Achalaqui he
followed by four thoufand Natives,
old moft of them blind. From Cofachiqui he was
through Woods
the Spaniards Luggage, and ferv'd them as Guides

them by Shooting from thence.

Strange dealing of the Co-

fachiguiaus.

who

Sottus, fo

carried

The feventhday

and WilderneiTes.

they ftopp'd at a great River, whither Sottus

whereof three return'd without

and a Colonel of a
any effed, but the fourth, Commanded by Captain Jnnafio,
which they made a
thoufand Cofachiquians, came to a Village built along the River -in
the Sculls of the Dead by
a miferable Rout, killing all they lighted on, and hanging
on the
done, they march'd back. Sottas at laft efpying a Village

fent four

Companies

their fides

to feek out a Paffage over,

this

over to him . whereupon

other fide of the River, beckned to the Natives to come
that hedefir'd their friendly Affiftance
fix came immediately j who undemanding
A Mali
verns

Go-

the

Counney.

who

youngMaiden
and Trade, promised 'to acquaint their Governefs, being a
he comString of Pearl
foon after came over to Sottus, and prefented him with a
promised in part to ftore him with. Crofr
plain'd to her for Provifions, which flie
Pearls as big as gray Peafe,
fing the River he found a brave Countrey, where were
:

Great Trea^
of

Copper of a golden colour, but no Gold. Out of

Pearls.

Sfanijh Officers,

fare

the

Tombs

of their Princes the

got an
with the leave of the fore-mentionM Maid their Governefs,

incredible Treafure in Pearls.

In the Village Tolomeco they did the like.

But here

growing fcarcc, the Army was divided into two Bodies, Bahhafar
yet the Defign of them both was on
ieGaSegosleading one, and Sottus the other
whither marching, they were furprisM by fuch a violent
the Province oiChalaque
the Trees
Storm, that few would have been left to relate their Adventures, had not
their Provifions

Great

Tem

pctt.

Sottus'%

not onely Thundred and Lightned as if Heaven and

beat
Earth would have met, but alfo Hail-ftones fell down as big as Eggs, which
down the Boughs of Trees. In the pleafant Valley Xualu, belonging to the King-

bore

farl

ther Journey

very remark*
able.

it

off from

them

it

and then march'd through Countreysof

with Plumes of
Guaxale,Jcoftes, and (j%a, where above a thoufand Indians, adorn'd
defire them
Feathers and rich Furr Cloaks, came to meet and welcom them, and to
of Cofachiqui, they refted

from

the Qafique to (lay there all the

earthen Bulwarks
MnvWla.

for

dom

Achuji, refus'd the

The City

fame.
.

fifteen days,

Winter .but

After this he view'd Tdiffe, fortifi'd

where the Cafique

Tafcalufa, a

Spaniard, receiv'd Sottus with great civility,

a pleafant place.

The

Haven
with woodden and

Sottus refolving to

Man

as

go

to the

big a^ain as an ordinary

and conduaed him to

UaVilla, lying

City, furrounded with double Pallifado's,

fill'd

up with
Earth

Chap.

AMERICA.

III.

itf:

Earth between, (where alfo at eighty Paces diftant from one another, ftands a
Tower to contain eighty Soldiers) hath two Gates, eighty Houfes, in every one of

which dwell a thoufand Men, and a large Market-place in the middle where
whilll the Spaniards were in the midft of their Mirth, they on a fudden heard a
great cry of Arms
the firft AfTault was made by feven thoufand, which ftill increafed by frefh Supplies
but the Spaniards at laft fetting the City on fire, broke

through them, and

above eleven thoufand

left

either

(lain,

Quel j^to

by the Smoak and

Flame, or by their Bullets, Swords, Horfes Heels and Dogs the Spaniards alfo loft
eighty three Men and forty three Horfes. Thence going toCkicora they were ftopc
;

by the Natives before a deep River with high Banks, which at lad crofTing, not
without great trouble and blood-fhedding, they Winter'd in the Village Cbicora,
where the Inhabitants let them reft very quietly for two Moneths at the end of
.

which, joyning together in the Night, they (hot Fire into the Straw Roofs, and
maintained a Fight of two hours long, in which the Spaniards loft forty Men, fifty
Horfes, and
Chicacolla

thouiand

all their

Hogs, which were burnt

in the

From

Houfes*

thence going to

they were refifted in moft places, and in the Fort Jltbamo Engaged by four
Florida?is,

who

waited for their coming ; but thofe were fofhrewdly hand-

them were (lain, and Sottas became Mafter of the Fort, as alfo of
Chifca, which he Storm'd and took unawares.
With no lefs trouble and danger did
he get over the River El Grande, where hedifcover'd a Village that contain'd above
four hundred Houfes,and many delightful Fruit.Trees, TheCafique Cafquin mamled, that half of

tain'd the SpaniJJ?

Army

fix

days in this place, and taking five thoufand of his Sub-

march'd with them to Qapaha, which hath a deep and broad Moat on three
fides thereof: the fourth was fortified with ftrong Pallifado's, through which the
jects,

Spaniards breaking,

made way

for Cafauin,

who

onely efcaping in a Canoo to a neighboring

put

Ifle.

all to

The

the

Sword, the Governor

Entrance being thus taken by

the Spaniards, Cafquin returned

Sottus

Capabaes

the Village Vitangue,

home. After which

the Governor, and took up his Quarters in

concluded a Peace with

where he
but taking fifteen Qafiques Prifoners, threatned to burn
t
them alive, unlefs they would procure them fome Gold yet not being able to get
any,they had only their Hands cut off and were fent away. Moreover Sott us help'd
the Guacbacoyas to ruine thofe oijmlco which Defign prov'd fuccefsful, yet not acreceiv'd continual Sallies

cording to Sottm's

defire, for

he found not the

GokUMines which he expe&ed, but

fpent in this five years Progrefs the great Treafure which he took out of Jtibaliba's
Palace and the Pearls which he got in Florida, for the Oyfters being open'd againft
;

the Fire, and the Pearls drilled through with a hot Iron, loft

would his People confent

of thefe Tranfa&ions Sottus died

neither

the River El Grande.

cefs,

for half

of the

much of their luftre,

to build a City in the Haven Acbufi. In the midft
of the Bloody^flux, and his Body was Interr'd in

Sottus

dies'.

After which his Succeflor LudoVtcus de Aharado had worfe fuc-

Army

being wafted by the exceflive heat, the

reft

refolv'd

to defert Florida, utterly defpairing to be ever able to refift the valiant Natives. In,
the Province of Aucbe they procured a Guide,whom,becaufe he mis-led them in their

Way,

they caus'd to be torn in pieces by their

Dogs

without a Guide through fuch bad Ways, that they

eighty Horfes, befides

many

two

after

which they march'd

hundred of their Men and

Luggage
At laft coming

loft a

Floridans that carried their

to the River El Grande they conquer'd

up

Villages

which

fortifying, they took

Winter Quarters in them. But this being the fourteenth year, in which
the River us'd generally to overflow and drown all the adjacent Countreys, on a
their

fudden, to their great amazement, the Wood which they had gather'd for the building of Barques to carry them home, was wafti'd away, their Provifions fpoii'd,

an<

M E %^I C

Chap.

J.

III.

drown'd and to this Inconvenience was added another yet

could poffibly,
for the Governors round about rais'd ail the Forces they
greater
But Jharado
to revenge themfelves on the Spaniards for their great oppreifion.
beina informM of this Defign by the Cafique Antlco, caus'd thirty of the Abet"Not long after this the Spa?iiards fet
tors of the Plot to have their Hands cut off.
days amongft
Sail, when a thoufand Canoos that came to Engage them lay fixteen
them, killing and wounding feveral of the Seamen, and funk a Barque with forty

and

their Habitations

Strange
Fight.

kill'dmany Horfes which were yet on the Shore the Prifoners

yet fome of them got
they took were ftrappado'd to death, and the Horfes {hot

Men, and

eight

alfo

from Panuco to Mexico.

Thefe above-mention'd Expeditions

fafe
Expedition of
Jhutnada. and

to Florida, notwithstanding they

fell

out

unfortunately, neverthelefs by the permiflion of Philip the Second, King of Spain,

Peter Ahumada zndjulim Samano, with five Dominican Monks, made another Attempt,

S.imans.

and Landed with feveral great Croffes, that thereby they might reduce the FloriBut they fearing trea*
dans, whofe Language they underftood not, to their Faith
chery, refilled them, and kill'd the Monks with Clubs, flay'd them, and hung their
:

Skins in their Temples.

The Expedi^
tion of

Me-

neniez,

and many worfe Accidents that hapned, yet the Spanifh

whither he was folKincr ventur'd once more, and fent Peter Menende^ to Florida
io w'd by three Jefuits from ^me, viz. Peter Martinius, Joan %oger, and Francit ViUanNotwithftanding

thefe

which they went being ignorant where he was,

whereupon nine Netherlander s and four Spaniards,
judg'd it convenient to Land
arnongft which was Martinim, went afhore on Florida, whilft a Storm ariiing drove
by which means thofe that were Landed were left in a miferable
the Ship to Cuba

gim

The Mafter of

the Ship in
;

condition, having no Food but wild Herbs, on which they fed twelve days

of;

Ribald and
Laudoniere.

following the foot=fteps of the Spaniards, John Ribald and %ent

Laudoniere having SaiPd feveral times to Florida, difcover'd feveral Coafts 5 but their

At

Men
The Expedition of Dotni-

nkus

Gm-

fothat

Expedition alfo came to nothing.

this
Voyage

laft the French

were often fet upon by the

Spaniards, and cut off.

Anno\j67. Dominicus Gurgius fet Sail thither with three Ships, which carried two
hundred Soldiers and eighty Sea-men with which entring the River Tacatucouru, he
j

gius.

Landed, and found a Youth calFd

who

Peter du fire,

efcap'd

when the

Spaniards cru-

which du <Bre ranging up

and down, at laft ferv'd Saturiona, Governor of Florida whomdeferting, and now
meeting with the French his Countrey*men, he brought feveral Cafiques to joyn with
them againft the Spaniards, whom they drove out of three Forts, which were all by
elly mafiacred the French in

theGarrifon Qarolma

after
-

Valiant
ploit of

ExGur-

the

gitu.

Command

Florida

is

of Gurgius difmanteled.

calPd by the Natives, Irquafa.

the fame, the one erected

City Augu-

Matthew.

The

The

Spaniards

on the Promontory Helena,

City and the Fort Angufiine

lies

is

have built two Forts on

Confecrated to the Apoftle

near the River May.

Both City and

fiine.

Fort ftand on a Hill, which is-pleafant and well

fet

with Trees. Between the

Fore-

Channel,which wafhes the City and Fort it is eight-fcuare,

the
at each corner there ftands a round Tower, in which the Soldiers keep Guard
Countrey is water'd by two Rivers, which gliding between the Main and the <oreland

is

a deep and wide

land, are great

Fort

Conftitution

of the
dans.

Fieri'

it is

Safeguards to the Fort.

much

clofer built than in

The City

is

almoft fquare, onely againic the

any other place, and divided into four

The Church ftands without of the City, and before it the Auguftine Cloyfter.
The Inhabitants of Florida are an Olive colour, tall, and without any
mity
;

their Skins generally painted,

and

their Bodies naked,

about their middle, their Hair long and black, hanging

Streets.

defor-

onely a Deer's Skin

down

to their

Hams, but
moft

Chap*

AMERICA.

III*

219

moft of them

tic it in

Knot on

the top of their

ver their Breafts, and fix lefTer hang on their

Cap on

their

Head, with a Feather

rows, fliarpned with

Fifli

Heads
Arms, two

Bells at each Ear,

Their Quivers, which are always

Bones, haqgby their Sides

Bowe, with which they go

two fmall Boards

War,

full

co-

and a

of Ar-

In their left-Hand they hold

King walking before with a Club.

They Confult daily about warlike Affairs in the King's Palace, where he himfelf
fits on a high Seat
the Grandees falute him firft with their Hands lifted over their
5
Head, crying' Ha, He, la, at which the reft cry Ha, Ha then every one fits down
on a Stool round about the Room. If they have any Bufinefs of Confequence to
debate, then the King fends for the ancienteft Perfons and Priefts, call'd Jonas
this done, they give a Cup of Qafl'me (which is a hot Drink made of Herbs) to the
King after which every one drinks in order out of the fame Cup. This Liquor
a great

to

the

Their firange"
fulta~
tTon.

occafions Sweat, quenches Thirft,and

When

March

fatisfies

the Appetite for twenty four hours.

on Indian Wheat , Honey,

fmoak'd Fifli, and divers forts of wild Roots, amongft which they mix Sand and
Cinders, to preferve them the longer. No fooner are the two Armies come within
they

againft their

Enemies they

live

one of another, but the Kings of both Parties

Their

Food

wat."*

Eyes about in their

Heads, mutter fomething to themfelves, and makeftrange Geftures and Exclamati*
ons j which is anfwer'd by a general Cry of the whole Army then each King turnfight

roll their

ing himfelf with great Reverence to the Sun, takes a woodden Platter with Water,

which he throws over his Army fo far as he is able, and begs of the Sun to grant
him, that he may fpill his Enemies Blood in like manner
then throws another
;

Difh=full into the Fire, wifhingthat his Soldiers

Foes to the Flames

then ftep forth the Priefts,

may thus Offer the Bodies of their

who are always skilled in the Art

Their

paW

of Necromancy, and feating themfelves on a Shield in the midft of the Army,

draw a

Circle, in

to themfelves,

which they make many

ftrange Geftures, not without muttering

and feemingly fay a Prayer of a quarter of an hour long

which they deport themfelves

fo ftran^ely, that

during
;

they rather feem to be Devils them- * range

ons

felves,

than Charmers of the Devil

They

turn their Eyes quite round, and their

Bodies

afii-

AMERICA.
Bodies
Cruelty on
the conquer'i

as if

without Joyats

-.at length

Chap.

being wearied they leap out of the Circle,

and inform the King of the number and condition of the Enemies Army. Thofe
whom they take Prifoners they flay alive,and drying their Skins at the Fire,tie them
to long Poles,

and carry them home as Trophies of their Victory, and afterwards

fome Field or fpacious place, putting both Men and Women to

them up in
watch them > then comes the Prieft with a woodden Image, and utters Execrations
at a corner of the Fields kneel three Men, one of which
againft the flain Enemies
finking with great force on a Stone, gives as many Blows as the Prieft pronounces
Curfes, whilfl the other two fhake their Calabajhes fill'd with Stones,and Singmarny
No fooner is this ended, butthe Women whofe Husbands are (lain
ftran^e Songs
in the Battel, walking to the King, cover their Faces with their Hands, make many
fet

what revenge they can,and licence alfo to

Marry at the limited time all which the King permitting, they return thus comforted home crying. Not long after they go to the place vyhere their Husbands lie
buried, where they crop their Hair up to their Ears, and throw it on the Grave, as
ftrange Geftures,and defire liberty to take
;

Remarkable
Mourning
for the Dead.

Arms and Drinking-Cups which the Deceafed us'd in their life-time after
which they may not Marry before their Hair be grown again to their Shoulders.
The fame Cuftomis alfo obferv'd when their King is buried but then alfo all his
alfo the

Subjects Faft and

burn
flmdans
fer

dif-

amongft

tkemtelres.

his

Howl three

Houfe and

all his

days together, ftick his Grave

of Arrows, and

Goods.

amongft themfelves very much, for thofe that inhabit the

Province Vanned, which borders upon New Spain, are valiant and cruel People,
Offering their Prifoners to their Idols,and eating them. The Men pluck up the Hair

The

of

their

not

till

Floridans differ

Beards by the Root,

their fortieth

make

The
a

Nofc and

holes through their

Ears, and Marry-

Year.

Next to thefe follow the Realms of Aranaris and

ple, which exceed all others in fubtilty.

Hcrmophro-

full

Natives oijacpua^a run

fafter

Albardaofia inhabited

than a Deer, and

by a Peo-

not though they travel

tire

whole day.

The beft Swimmers are found in Alpachta, Authia, and Someria, where the Women Swim through deep and great Rivers with their Children in their Arms. Here
alfo are many Hermophrodites, which carry all the Luggage when an Army is
upon

March.

W e findmention'd alfo two other Provinces of note,

7

vijfc.

Colas

(which

lies

near

the Point call'd Cape Florida) and Tegifta, ox Florida properly fo call'd, being that long

which pointing upon the Iile Cuba, by the Cape Los Martyres, ftretcheth it
North and South about a hundred Leagues in length, but not above thirty in

(peninfula,

felf

breadth where

though

it

it is

In this Province

largeft.

is

the %io de

produces Indian Wheat twice a year, yet

it is

lo

Spirito Santo.

The

never Dung'd, but

SoyI,

when

Weeds the
Afhes of which ferves them in ftead of Soil. The King divides the Corn according to every Mans Family. In the Winter they dwell four Moneths in the
Woods, where they build fmall Huts of Palm-boughs, feed on Venifon, fmoak'd
Fifh, and Crocodiles, which have pure white Flefh, and are caught after this man*

Corn (which

the

ner

On

is

planted in March and June)

the Shore of the Rivers they build

which they place

who

Watch,

is

is

little

in,

they burn the

Houfes* full of round Holes, in

to give notice to ten or twelve Anociates, co*

Boughs full of little (harp Prickles, which they thruft into the
Crocodiles Throat, who w ith open Mouth comes running at them, and fo throw*
ing him on his Back, ftick his Belly full of Arrows, and kill him with Clubs. But

ver'd all over with

with more fubtiity and

art they take their

Deer,

yi%.

They

hide themfelves under

_-

AMERICA.

rial

feems as

in

which they place near the

where the Deer generally come to drink, when on a Hidden they fhoot

Sca^s Skin, To cunningly, that

.i'vers

ic

if living,

iem

Head of Chirurgeons, wherefore they always carry a

acr full of Herbs about with them, which are chiefly good againft venereal Dinay, Sodomy and defiling of
:empers for thefe People are exceeding libidinous
Yet though they are much inclin'd to Wooung Children is accounted no fin
Their

Priefts ferve in

thriians

though

libi-

dinous, yet
live Ions*

len, they attain to a great

Age.

Landing not far from the City Augufline, fituate on the Banks of
he River May, met with the Floridan Governor Saturiona, who conducted him to the
rench King's Court of Arms, erected two years before, which Saturiona, as a tefticiony of his zeal to the French, had Crown'd with Laurel and Flowers. Saturiona

^ne

Laudoniere

who had

ad with him alio his Son Atorem,

her

whom

his Father after that

At which time
bove a hundred and fifty years

wholly to

him

begotten divers Children on his

Mo-

time no more acknowledging, refign'd her up

alfo his great

old,

and faw

Grandfather being then living, was

his Childrens

Children to the

fifth

feneration.

The

Religion in Florida

abominable, wicked, and cruel

is

Conquerors from a Battel

ore-mention'd Poles, hold

it

)fferings

Club

the old
aloft,

Women

When

they return

Their horrid
Religien.

from the
Victory. But the

take off the dry'd Hair

and thank the Sun for

their

of their firft-born Son? are terrible, for they knock out their Brains with

in the prefence of the King.

ery ridiculous

Their annual worfliipping of the Sun

is

alfo

for filling the Skin of a Stag full of fweet*fmelling Herbs, they

ang the Horns and Neck with Garlands, and carry it with the noife of their kind
>f Vocal and Instrumental Mufick, to a high Trunk or hollow Body of a Tree, on
vhich they place the ftuffd Stag, with his Head towards the Sun ; which done, they

down, defire that he would pleafe to

after which taking their
hey Offer to him
ailing

afford

them plenty of

all

fuch Fruit as

leave, they let the fore-mention'd Skin

emain there

till

The Spaniards

the following Year.

and

fince their Defeat in the Fort Carolina,

their

Engagement with

Anno 1585. have had little difturbanceon Florida.

Drake having burnt and plundered Domingo and Garthagend, fteer'd along the Coaft
>f Florida, and difcover'd a Beacon on the fame \ whereupon he fent out Spies, who
aii'd a League up a River, on whofe Banks they faw a Fort, and fomewhat higher
Francis Drake,

iir

:he

Town

lim,

he fteer'd thither,

Spaniards
tende-^

Auguftine, built full

of woodden Houfes

fir'd his

Guns twice againft

anfwering onely with one Volley,

when

fled,

all
;

which being

the Fort St. John-,

with their

Commander

related to

which the
Peter

the Englijh prepard to Storm, a Prifoner, being a French-ram,

SMe-

came

in

Boat from them to Drake, and informed him that the Spaniards had left the City
of pleited
dvguftine and Fort St. John ; to which Drake going, found there Pallifado's
Boughs, cover'd with Earth, and a Cheft with two thoufand Pound, for the pay1

ment of the Soldiers, and fourteen Brafs Guns, with which he fet Sail from thence.,
The Mountains of this Countrey are onely the Jpalatei, fuppos'd by the Na*
ives to have rich Mines of Gold in them, and which the Spaniards faw, but had
not time, nor other accommodation to ftay and fearch them, by reafon they were
found
fo much wearied and wafted with a long March before they gat thither, and
People fo ftout and obftinate thereabouts, that in ftead of entertaining them
with their Hens and Fowl, as other places had done, they were welcom'd with

:he

Blows, and

made

to return, leaving not a

few of their

Rivers there are many, and thofe very large and

beft Soldiers behind.

cdmmodious

as

1,

G(io Secco,

or

Draft's Ex^
ploit on Jforii*.

>

AMERICA.

Chap.

II

or TbeDry %iver, Co calFd by the Spaniards (as fome think) becaufe they could

no Gold in
<?c. Thcfe

z.^io Grande, or The Great ^tyer.

it.

laft,

nam'd by the

fo

French,

who,

3. Ligeris.

after the Spaniards, for

There

but never held any long poiTefTion of the Countrey.

G{io de

NieVes,

and

<l{jo

de Spirito Santo, leffer

falling at feveral places into the great

4. Garunna.

Streams, yet

all

5.

fin

Sequam

fome time hac

are alfo (Rjo de Floret

of them, with the

Lake of Mexico and fome of them not

;

reft
littl

haunted by the Caymans or Wefl-lndian Crocodiles, a Creature, as hath been faid be

fore, dangerous both at Sea and Land.

The

Natives,

who as

Command

yet hold Pofieffion and

of

it

for the moft part

are thcmfelves generally forted into certain Tribes or great Families

Govern'd feverallyby Chiefs of

their

own,

whom they

The Towns and

or near unto a

which an
and by rea

all

call Taracoufli,

War one

Ton thereof are almoft continually in Feud and

with another.

known in this Province, are 1. St. Helens, feated

Promontory of the fame Name, where this Countrey bordereth
Places moft

or

or

or Arx Carolina, built and Co nam'd by the French King, bui

afterwards ruin'd by the Spaniards. 3. Tort %oyal, a well frequented Haven, at th<
Virginia.

2. Fort Charles,

Mouth of
1.

which beareth the fame Name. More within Land there is,
an old Town of the Natives, formerly a Place of great refort, but now
a River

Apalache,

a poor thing of about forty or

ls[ar^ae^,

as before related,

not willing to part with

fifty

Cottages

when he

and yet

as

poor

as

it

is,

Tamphiliui

fearch'd the Countrey, found the Natives

for though he took

from them, it was not without

fome reflftance, and they quickly recovered it again and at the 2. nzm'd\Aute, another old Town of theirs, nine days March from the other, they overtook him, and
fellfo refolutely upon him, that he left not a few of his bell: Soldiers dead upon the
place, and was content himfelf to march quietly away with the reft. 3. Ochalis, a
it

it

Town

confifting of about five or fix

Natives. 4. Vittacuche,

There
fefs'd

hundred Sheds and Cottages likewife of the

a Burrough of two hundred Houfes.

on the the Eaftern Shore of this Tejiinfula, St. Matthews, a Place pofand well fortifi'd by the Spaniards
and St. Auguftines on the fame Shore, but
is

alfo

fomewhat more Southerly than the other,

fame Name, taken and fack'd by Sir Francis Drake
lying

Sec

at the

Mouth of

in the

Year

a River of the

8 5,

t. II.

Jucatan.
JUcatan is

a feninfula, or halfjfland, being encompafs'd with the Sea

fave onely to the SouthWeft,

more

where

it is

joyn'd to Guaxata,

its

on

all fides,

farther

and

The knowledge of, when, and

included in that oCNew Spain, of which

Eafterly Point looking towards Cuba,

by whom this Province was difcover'd, is

fome will have it to be a part. The whole Province contains in compafs nine hundred Miles or more, and lies between eighteen and twenty two Degrees of Northern Latitude, or thereabouts, the Air fomewhat hot, and the Soil not altogether
fo fertile as fome other parts of New Spain are
but in recompence thereof the
;

People are fo much the more induftrious, living for the moft part by Handicraft
Trades. Neither is it altogether unftor'd with Corn and divers forts of Fruits,be-

what

hath of Fowl and Beafts, as Geefe, Hens, Deer, <&c. particularly it

yieldeth plenty of Wax and Honey, by reafon of its frequent Swarms of Bees.
They report fome fpecial things of this Province, as namely, that the People of the
fides

Countrey

it

us'd generally,

and long before the

Spaniards

came

thither, a certain Ce<

remony

"

<zl

III.

[iap.

M ETZ^I C

J.

223

nony of Religion, not much unlike to our BaptiTm, and which they call'd by
s(ame that in their Language fignifi'd Regeneration, or
SccondSirth
that they
that
or
diligently,
few
none
amongft them omitted to initiate themferv'd it fo

ves

by

them, and that they were

laid in

is

believing, that thereby the Seeds and

it,

ns of evil Spirits

that after they

by

fortifi'd

were

Ground-work of
it

all

Goodnefs

againftthe ailaults and tempta-

three. or four years old

9

thev came to

till

Wafh'd and Baptiz'd themfelves and that none were

emitted amongft them to Marry, that were not firft initiated after this manner
it they chofe likewife a folemn Day upon which to do this
and that the Friends
d Relations (efpecially the Father and Mother) of the Parties to be initiated, as
elve, they ufually thus

always Faded three days before the faid Initiation

;
d that a great many of the Natives had a Tradition, or general Report amongft
*m, that of ancient time this Province o Jucatan was pofTefs'd and cultivated by
as the Parties themfelves,

:11

People which came thither from the Eaft, after a tedious long wanderand many hardfhips endur'd at Sea, having efcap'd the Hands of their Ene-

:ertain
ig,

onely through the power of the Deity they worfhipp'd

es

made them

to pafs fecurely, even through the

ironicles,

10

is

faid

little

to confirm the

having fecur'd to his Companions

abfence, he returned himfelf mtoWales for

ither as

Sea. All which, if

'd fo well, that

;

help'd them,

Report which goeth for currant in theWelJh

of one Modoc ap Olpen, the Son of Guineth, a Prince of that Countrey,
to have fall'n upon a far Countrey this way in his Travels
which he

Teems not a

le,

Waves of the

who

many as

their fafe

more Men

he could carry in ten Barques

full

abode there during

and that he tranfported

fraught.This he

is

faid to

have

me about the Year of our Lord 1170. but neither he nor any of his Men were
er heard of fince and the fuccefs of the Expedition, it feems, little enquir'd after
the Weljh. However, the Relation feems not altogether incredible.
j

The

chief Towns of the Province are,

1.

Merida,

d the Seat of the Governor, twelve Leagues diftant

Leagues diftant from Nerida.

Valladolidt, thirty

Navel of the Countrey,

from the Sea on either fide.

in the

3. Campeche,

a great

Town,

con-

Houfes or more, when firft conquer'd by the Spaniwho found fuch Monuments of Art and Induftry in it, as did clearly argue,
the Place had been once polTefs'd by fome People that were not barbarous. Ic

ting of about three thoufand

Is

at

now

call'd St. Francifco,

who

took the Governor himfelf and fome other Perfons of Quality

him, together with a Ship richly laden with Gold and Silver, befides other

Englifb-tMLnj
ith

and was furpriz'd in the Year 1506. by Captain Parker,

animodities of good value.

4. Tabafco,

by the

Spaniard

now

call'd Villa de Kueftra

and commonly Vicioria onely, in memory, as 'tis thought, of the

great Victory which Corte^ obtain'd over thefe People at the Battel of fotoncban,

nnora de ViHoria,
ft

hath been

faid.

6. Totonchan.

5, Cintla.

7. Salamanca.

All along the Coaft of this Countrey there

fome within the

iy or Gulph call'd Honduras, pertaining to the next Province, as 1. La Zarza,
La Defconejcida. 3. Vermeia. 4. Los Negrillos and fome without it, as 1. Zaratan.
(Pantoia. 3. De Mugeres, or The IJland of Women
fo nam'd by the Spaniards, who at
lie

certain liknds,

Difcovery of thefe Parts, for a long time together could meet with none
Women. The chief of them is call'd Acufamil, commonly Co^amul, and is fifteen

-ir firft

:agues in length,

Common Road
^
i

Spain

others

For

and

and about
of the

firft

laft

here

five in

Spaniards,

Landed

breadth,

was

an^l

when they

Ferdinando de Cjrit

of all the fortunate

Corte^.

It is

were theThoro*wfare,
Mfcover'd the Countreys of
as

it

after

now

him

John de Grialva,

call'd St. Crux.

CHAP.

*A

2Z4-

ME

*KIC

A.

Chap,

CHAP.

IV.

Guatimala.
Its. Situation

and Bounds.

GUatimala ftretcheth to

the lUbrnm, or

Neck of Land, which, as we faid joi.

Northern and Southern parts of the New World
together.
This Countrey is bounded Northward with the
Tenmfula of jucat,
abovefaid, and part of the Gulph or Bay of Honduras
on the South, with Mare
eth the

'.-

Zur

The

on the Eaft and South-Eaft,it hath

length of it lieth uponjthe Coaft of Mare

three hundred Leagues

Anna

and on the Weft New Spat,

del Zur, and is faid to be
little lefs tha

Caftella

but the breadth not half fo much, and

in fome places vet
narrow. It is generally a fertile and good Countrey
in all refpefts, but efpeciall
abounding in Cartel and good Paftures
it is fubdivided into
feven inferior Pre
.

vinces orCountreys, which are u Cbiapa.

z.Vera?a K ^Honduras.
A .N,cara^
^.Veragua. 6. Qojia%ca-, and 7. Guatimala, fpecially
fo call'd : all differing i
Language and Cuftoms one from another.
.

The
Spam

Bifhoprick (as

it is

now call'd)

of Qhiafa

is

border'd on the Weft with

on the Eaft with Vera <Pa< and on the South

with Mare
Countrey much Oiaded with Woods, and thofe
replenifli'd
;

del

Zur

It

Ne
is

with many fair an

goodly Trees.of divers forts, and of the largeft
fize,as Oaks, Pines, Cedar
Myrtl,
and Cyprefs.Trees, befides others which yield them
a good kind of Rozen precior
Gums, &c. alfo feveral forts of Balfom, as white, red,
green, and black,
not onel

pleafant to the Scent, but an excellent Remedy for

the beft of it drops out of the cut Bodies of the

Trees

of the

Wood

all
,

manner of green Wounds

and the word

is

and Leaves.

prefs'd ou

There are alfo proper to this Countrey feveral other

kinds of Trees and Plants
as that whofe Fruit taftes like Pepper
and Cloves, being of a great heighth
Tree whofe Leaves cure all ulcerated Sores, or the
bitings of any poyfonou

Trees and
Plants.

There
.

is

a fort of

fo that Birds

mon

make

Cabbage

call'd llantas,

their Nefts in

them

which grows

to the heighth of a

Tree

they are eaten likewife like other

com

Cabbages.

There is alfo an Herb with narrow Leaves, which

is no fooner touch'd
but j
flinnks up to nothing
but at the going away of thofe which touch
it, it obtain:
.

its

Here are likewife Quails, Ducks, Geefe,

Pheafants, Parrots, Turtle-Doves
geons, and the like, in great abundance.

Birds.'

>

former vigour.

Amongft the

Pi-

feveral forts

of Falcons which breed in this Countrey,

there is one
iort which hath one Foot proper
to its kind, the other like that of a Goofe
it feeds
on Filh along the Rivers.
.

..

The

Bird loto.QueKtall, which is fomewhat

fmaller than a Pigeon, with green
Feathers and a long Tail, is taken onely for its
Tail, which when the
pull d out they let the Bird fly again, there
being a Law

h&Jhs*

amongft them,

loever kills one of them,

is

that

who-

to futFer death.

The Cranes here are of a dark Gray

tners like a Crown upon their Heads.

the biggeft of

them havea

tuft

of Fea-

The

i*.'ii

Chap. IV.

The

<U

M E %^l C

A.

22?

Birds Guacamayes, which are red and blue, are like a Tertian Goofe.

Moreover, the Countrey yields brave Horfes, Goats,

alfo wild Dogs, Leopards, Lyons, and Tygers,

S-heep, Rabbets,

Bird$:

and Foxes

Bft s;

The

wild Hogs which breed here have their Navels on their Bacl^s, and have
no Tails, they fmell exceeding ftrong, and feed together in great Companies*
The Taquatrin, a certain Bead proper to thofe Parts, hath a Bag under its Belly,
in
it

which

it

generally carries feven or

creeps into Houfes in the

Night

more young

and hath alfo a bald Tail

ones,

to Heal Hens.

Here is alfo a certain Beaft (whofe Name we find not) about the bignefs of a
Rabbet, and like a Rat, and carries its young ones on its back whenfoe're it comes
abroad.

The

Serpents,

which

are very

numerous

here, trouble the Inhabitants excee-

dingly, efpecially near the Village Ecatepeaue, where there are fuch
an abundance
on two little Hills, that none dares approach them
fome of them are very pOy;

fonous, for if touch'd with a Stick, the Poyfon runs up the fame : and
whoever are
anointed with the Blood of a dead Serpent, die a lingring Death.
de
John

Laet re-

took one which carried thirty young ones, which being a

Finger long, crep up and down immediately and the old one, being
above twenty
;
foot long, ferv'd the Natives for Venifon.
lates, that the Indians

it

Amongft other Beafts is alfo the Teuthlacokauhqui, or

hath a Head like an Adder, thick Belly, glittering Scales,

with white Crofles

noife

when

a black Back, fprinkled

Tail there grows yearly a Bone, with which it makes a

poyfonous Teeth deftroy thofe which are bit therewith in

at its

it ftirs

Fortrefs of the Serpents

its
;

twenty four Hours, unlefs the part which is wounded be held in the
Earth Co long
till the pain be over. Notwithftanding
the noife, terrible afpe&, and geftures of this
Animal, the Indian Hunters make nothing to take the fame by the
and wrap
Tail,

it

up

in

Linnen, and carrying

it

without either Meat or Drink

;

Man's Thigh

in ten

home make it tame.

its Head when cut
.

off

able to live a whole Year

grows

to the bignefs of a

days time.
'

It is

No

AMERICA

ZZo

No
about
The

Serpent

their

full

Necks

which

is

an Ell long, of a

of black and white Specks, the Bones whereof they wear,

in (lead

of Chains.

which doth no manner of hurt, though terrible to look

upon to thofe which know it not, having a Bag under its Chin, a glittering Comb
on its Head, and on its Back fliarp Bones, which (land like a Saw, and a long Tail
It lays fifty Eggs at a time as big as Acorns, of a very good tafte, and fitto eat when

The

Iquanna

boyTd
Here

It

Baboons.

are the Indians in taking the Ibitobaca,

lefs refolute

crimfon Colour,

Chap. IV.

is

a Serpent

both in the Water and on the Land.

alfo lives

many Baboons, wh ich are big and heavy, with ugly Heads, fhort
Legs like a Man, and Tails (landing upwards -they eat all forts of Fruit, but
and are fo lafcivious, that they often let
chieflv covet after Wine and Bread
The Females generally bring forth two, one Male, and the other
upon W omen
are alfo

Female. There

alfo another fort,"

is

Spots.

and the Queknes) are very Civil and Witty ,alfo

Breaking of Horfes, and

Note.

of

little

ancient Inhabitants of Chiapa (divided into the Chiapaneca's, the Zeaues, the

Zeltates,

Towns and

red, are full

V:

The

Villages ef

whofe Skins, being

many

skilful in Painting, Singing,

*

other Trades.

The Places of more principal note in this Countrey, inhabited by the Spaniards
are u Qudad ^eal, pleafantly feated in the midft of a round Vale or Plain, and al*

moft encompafs'd with Hills reprefenting the form of an Amphitheatre

the Foot of one which (lands in the midft of the reft, the City is built. It

alfo at

is

a City

by the King of Spain, having a Court of Juftice, Cathedral,

and Dominican Cloyfter 5 of a pure and temperate Air, and the Countrey round
about plentifully abounding both in Corri and Fruit, onely fomewhat too cold to

fpecially Priviledg'd

produce
ries,

Lemmons and

and the
Qhiapa,

2.

famous,

if

they

like,

Oranges

grow

which giveth

but for Pears, Apples, Peaches, Quinces, Cher-

here in great abundance.

Name

to the Valley aforefaid

but for one of its Prelates,

who was Bifhop

o>i^.

It is
;

a Bifliop's See,

'Bartbolomeo delas Cafat,

Memory

and

of the Order

of.

amongft
the poor Americans at this day, for his Charity towards them,~and for the (lout and
zealous oppofition which he made againft the Spaniards cruel and inhumane dealby which at laft, notings with the Natives at the beginning of their Conquefts
(Predicants,

of this City, and

his

juftly precious

withstanding

much

Side, he procured

difficulty

them

made by interefted Perfons of the other

and an Edict from the Emperor in favor of 'them

and

liberty,

refiftance

whereby they Were declared to be a Free People, and not Slaves, and the Spaniards
forbidden to ufe them any longer as fuch, or to force them to any kind of Labour
againft their wills, or otherwiie than by agreement with them,

them very fmall Wages

in fome places, and for their Work in their Sugar-Mills (which is no fmall Labor)
not above five %eyls, or Two fhillings fix pence a Week, for the Maintenance of
themfelves, their Wives and Children, yet by reafon it is with Confent, and in a
Countrey where all things are plentiful and cheap, their Condition is much better
enjoy to

t*.

which Liberty they

than

it

It is at

this

day

and though the

Spaniards arefaid to give

was, and the favor which that good Bifhop did them, never to be forgotten.
prefenta great and populous City, and lieth almoftin the mid*way betwixt

the Cities of Mexico and Guatimala.

2.

St. Bartholomews, in the

Countrey of the

Qu^ek?ies.

4. Tecpatlan, the chief of twenty five Villages, faid to belong to the Zoques.

Here the Dominicans have another Cloyfter.

The Zeltates pofTefs a fruitful Countrey, have
Trees that yield Cochemk, being under

thirteen Villages planted witn

Common-wealth Government.
The

Chap, IV.
The chief

<tA

Place of the

M E %^I C

^WHs^^/,,

A.

where there

is

good Cheefe

and
through the midft thereof,lofeth
u
felf in the Northern Ocean. In this part of
the Country are Beaftsnot
unlike Apes
with long Tails, which they wind about the Legs of
thofe whom they find fwim.
m.ng and lo pull them under Water wherefore they
that go to Swim take Axes
along with them, to cut off their Tails.
ftore

of brave Cartel

The River

Qhiepa gliding

The Water

of the River Blanco is clear and wholfom,

running for the moil pare
through Rocky Grounds, which neverthelefs are
overfpread with Trees
In the higheft Ground oiCbiapa, a League
anda half from the City <Seall fDrinEr
'
clear Fountains, whofe Water ebbs and
flows every fix hours

Near the Village

call'd Afixa

the dried Seafon, and

is

one which runs three years together,

though in
dry three years, though it Rain never
fo much

is

nacatmh another S
P n g> whofe Water cures
Beafts which drink of the fame.

?
?t "cr but '.V*!!*
ral Sickneffes,
kills all Birds and
i

8'

feve-

Here are likewife divers Baths.

The Rivers which run out of the Valley

Chiapa, fall into two great

Pits
the Village Bartholomew, in the Province
Quelenes, is a ftrange Cavern
out
of which by the throwing of a ftone into the
fame, are heard mighty noifes'like
.'';'.
claps of Thunder.

Near

Not

far

from

the Village Cbicomucoh, appears a

Cavern, in
a Handing Lake, whofe Water is

which is a great Plain

like Sand, on the other
The Spamards, if they wanted not Slaves, might dig
good ftore of Gold Silver
Copper, Lead, Tin, and Qhickfilver, out of the
Mynes on the MountaiA Scamped
which is in nine Leagues compafs The Wind
blows fo ftrong after Sun=rifing!
that no Man is able to travel for
it, but in the
on one

fide,

and

Night.

Sect.

Vera

II.

Paz.

VErafa^ov

The Countrey of True Veace, was fo nam'd by

the Spaniards, as they
lay, becaule it was never conquer'd by
the Sword, but redue'd to
Obedi.
ence onely by the Preaching of the Dominican
Fryers.
It is

situatMMj
s '"mdv

bounded on the

and South-Weft with Cbiapa on the Eaft

with fome part of Guatimala and
,
Honduras
and on the North with Jucatan. It contains
about thirty Leagues in
K^eft

ength, and almoft as

much in

breadth, being a woody and mountainous

Countrey
or the mod: part, yet well diftinguift'd
with Valleys and lower Ground.
It is
nuch fubjeft to Rain, which 'tis faid to have for
nine Moneths of the Year almoft
ont.nually by reafon whereof the Countrey,
;
being otherwife hot, is much anloy d with a kind olMfquit, or great
fort of Gnats, which fpoil the
Fruit very
nuch, and are otherwife not a little trouble
to the People. Moreover,there
happen
I

Centimes

Earthquakes and Storms, with Thunder and

Lightning
C
m oditi of this Countrey, are a kind of
Amber, which fome call
*%*??*
j
pmd Amber, which drops
from divers of their Trees, and is faid to be
a Commo.
lity very precious, and of
much ufe Maft.ck, Sanguis Draconis,
terrible

Gum Amme,

Sarfapa-

thma-Wood, and divers other Medicinal Drugs,

which it affordeth in great
lenty
The Woods afford a fweet fmell, and theTrees in the
fame grow
a won.
s
erful heighth.
tUa,

The Canes which grow

uck, ferve for Timber.

here,

being a hundred Foot long, and proportionably

r r
5
7

Aa

There

c^zties

of J the

Countrey.

JtMEXtCk
There is alfo a hard Wood
both, which never rots.

call'd Iron Wood ^ither

Chap. IV.
from

its

hardnefs or colour, or

here afford nutriment to innumerable

The abundance of Flowers which grow

fmall Flies. Their Honey, which

fwarms of Bees, which are about the bignefs of
the Roots of Trees, or in the Earth. Another lort,
is fomewhat tart, they hide in
of their Senles.
which is made by the Wafps, bereaves thofe that tafte
refembles a Mule, hath
The noted'ft Bead in this Countrey is the Vanta, which
Ears, thin Legs, with

hanging
no Horns, but Afli-colourM long Hair, fhortNeck,
Head, narrow Forehead, little Eyes, a
three Claws before and two behind, long
a Skin which is fix
Nofe hanging over its Mouth, little Tail, fharp Teeth, and
Weapon. This Beaft is taken in Traps,
Fingers thick^and fcarce penetrable by any
Holes, or

that this Beaft taught

They Yay
Blood,

pricks

it

The

carefully.
in the

with Dogs, which he often

elfe

day-time

The Tygers
them,

eat

them

it

felf againft a

are

when hunted towards

to Let-blood

firft

for if

it

the Water.

be too

full

of

fharp Cane, and flops up the Orifice again very

good Meat, as alfo that of the ^o/?* Lyons, which

on a high Tree, where they are mot by the Indians.
much more dangerous to be taken yet the Indians Hunting

Flefh thereof
fleep

Men

kills

is

in ftead of

Beef

and

through

alfo

all

J{r Spin.

Ways very dangerous to travg, have black frizled

but fince the Indians have made ufe of
Hair, broad Tails, Feet like Mens Hands
leffen'd the number
Guns, which they learn'd from the Spaniards, they have much

The

Bears, which

make

the

both of Bears and Tygers.

Skins
There are likewife many Leopards, Apes,and wild Goats (whofe

Natives for

JnnadiUos.

Fowls, are Eagles and Parrots.

Countrey is fo well ftor'd with Water, that

Amongft

The

Drums) Hogs, and

ferve the

their

in three

Leagues fpace are

above thirty Rivulets, and as many Fountains.

On the Mountains grow great quantities of Sarfaparilla, Mechoacan, and the China*
which being yellowifli hath feveral Saffron-colour'd Knobs on the top. The
<Hpot,

the Body
grows with many Stalks, creeping along over the Ground
at the ends, and
thereof is tough and full of Prickles, the Leaves broad and fharp
other, and bear Clufters of
are of a bluifh colour on one fide, and green on the
and laftly
Flowers, which clofe like Buds, and are firft green, next vermilion-red,
within are two hard Stones, which indole a white Kernel, by the Indiblackifh
.

Sarfaparilla

ans call'd Juapecanga.

The Bay

Golfo

Duke, which pours

Fifh Monad, and a great

muddy Water into

its

the Sea, feeds the great

number of Crocodiles.

Several Rivers abounding with Fifh

fall

alfo into the fame,

having their Banks

along with Trees, in whofe Boughs, joyn'd together on the top, thofe fore
of Birds make their "Nells which prey on Fifh.
The Women in this place are much fhorter Liv'd than the Men, fo that thereare

fet all

Widowers

often thirty

themfelves in the

one Widow.

to

Highway

Women

with Child are Deliver'd by

and from,thence they go to the next River to wafli

;

themfelves and the Child.

As
ards,

Towns or

for

any

we

find not

faid to be a

Places of

much

Traffick or Note, inhabited by the Spani-

any nam'd, fave onely

St. Auguftines

near unto which there

Cave and Fountain within Ground, which converts

lethintoit out of feveral

fectly white,

and fafhions

leiler
it

the

Water

that fal-

Springs, into a kind of Alabafter or Stone, per-

likewife into Pillars, Statues, and other artificial

of very curious Workmanfhip,

is

Forms

as Laet reporteth-

Sect,

*
-i

AMERICA

Chap, IV.

Sect.

III.

Honduras.
Honduras

hath on the South, Guatimala abovefaid

on the Weft, a certain Bay,

or Arm of the Sea, which they call Golfo Duke, from the
abundance of
frcfli Waters which run into it from all Parts
on the North and NorthEaft, the Atlantkk Ocean
and fomewhat to the South-Eaft, Nicaragua. It contains
in length, yi& from Eaft to Weft, Coafting along upon the Sea, about a
hundred
.

Situation and
Botjads.

and

Leagues, and in breadth eighty. The Countrey is rich both in Corn and
Pafturage, being faid to be very much advantag'd that way by the conftant
overfifty

flbwings of the Rivers, which are very many, about Mtcbaelmafrtimc, and
which
the People order fo well, that they water their Gardens, and
exceedingly fertilize

whole Champain, or lower part of the Grounds by them.

The fruitful Valleys of this Countrey were anciently very well inhabited, till
raft multitudes of the Natives weredeftroy'd by the Spaniards
Cruelties, of which
the

the Bifliop Bartholomew de

gives this Relation

".

|
''

las

Charles the Fifth,

The young Children

the Stones

Emperor

Cafas, in his Letter to the

(faith he) they

murder'd, beating out their Brains againft

and Princes of the Countrey they either fcorch'd to death,

or threw them to the Dogs to be torn in pieces
the poor People they drove into their Houfes, and then fet them on fire
thofe that remained were condemned
;

the Kings

Cruelties 'of
the Sfani'.
aids.

<
1

'
1

?
1

to the greateft flavery imaginable, being

us'c!

in ftead

of Mules and Horfes, and

having greater Burdens laid upon them than they were able to carry,
infomuch
that thoufands of them fell down dead under them
fome out of defpair run;
ning into the Woods were famifli'd, after they had kill'd and eat
their Wives and
Children for Hunger. In this one Province onely they maftacred
above twenty
hundred thoufand Men, and amongft others, Perfons of Quality, which
had civilly Entertained

them

nay, they tortur'd the poor innocent Natives all the

ways they could poffibly invent, onely to know of them where their Gold
lay
:

particularly Diego de Valafco fpar'd

that in a
teen

Monethstime above

Noblemen,

Jpofiles

to twelve of

and the

chiefeft

none

that ever fell into his hands

ten thoufand

whom

of them he

were

flain

by him

He

infomuch

hang'd thir*

he gave the Denomination of The twelve

call'd in a derifion, Jefus Chrift.

Some they

furTer'd to ftarve to death,

with their Heads comprefs'd between the cloven Barks

of wild Vines j fome alfo they buried' alive, and leaving onely
their Heads to
' appear above Ground,
bowl'd .Iron Bullets at them, and fore'd them to eat one
another
befides infinite other hellifh Cruelties, too horrid and
dreadful to be

<

:c

recounted.

This Countrey produces much Mai^ Wheat, Honey, and great

tvhence the

firft

Difcoverers call'd that Sea Golfo de

las

Jbueras, becaufe they

ibundance of Calabajhes,. floating on the Water, which

Name of Ibueras.

This Countrey

is

he City San Pedro

paro, the
tants

water'd by three Rivers, the

the fecond Uha,

Grounds adjacent

not too lazy.

In ftead

Calabafies,

firft

from

met with

at Santo Domingo bear the

Cbamalucom,

inhabited on both Shores

which
.

glides

the third

by

Bt-

which would prove very fruitful, were the Inhabiof a Plough they ufe a long Pole, with two crooked

to

>taves at the end,

one bent downwards and the other upwards, with which they
utand turn the Earth. The Natives k^d on feveral
Roots, Flefh, and.Vermine.

At

Cotimodi'tieg

of the Countrey.

M E %^I C A

A
Ac

their

Feafl:

they

make themfelves Drunk with

Chap. IV.
a

Drink made of Honey,

Noble-men heretofore onely drinking the Liquor of Qacao but of late it is common, and made by all People, though never fo mean. They fpeak feveral Langua*
ges, the chiefeft whereof is that of the Cbontales, a falvage People. They divide their
Year, call'd joalar, that is, Taping, into eighteen Moneths, and each Moneth into
twenty Days. They formerly meafur'd the Year by the Nights, and began the Year
^

forty days iooner than the Europeans*

New
dohd.

Y*lltt-

The Towns in

this

Province are

i.

New Vallodoh

,by the Indians

lying in a pleafant Valley under a temperate Climate.

from

The Silver^Mynes

Spain increale exceedingly.

keep the Meking-houfe in the

The Governor of this

Town

The

n&m'd Comayagua,

Cattel brought hither

are alfo fo well ftor/d, that they

always employ 'd.

Place hath his Reiidence next to the Treafury-Chamber.

Jnno 1588. the Bifhop's See was tranflated hither from Truxillo

Nineteen years

before which Francifco de Monteio fent his Lieutenant Jlphonfo de Cacenes thither

build a Village half

way between

Town

dingly erected the

which difembogues

noos,

Haven

the Southern and

Northern Ocean

who

to

accor-

Santa Maria de Camoyagua, near a River

in Puerto de CaVallos.

Navigable for 4The remaining part of the Way to

(which was a means to prevent many

Inconveniences which us'd to happen to Travellers on the Way between Manama and
Nombre de Vios) the Spanijh King was fo much concern'd at thefirft propofal hereof,
the

Fovjeca being paflable for Carrs

that he fent the

famous Surveyor

and the rather, becaufe

he received information, that the new Way, along which they carried the Merchandife from (IVr, Mexico, and other Countreys along the South Sea,lay very plea(Baptifta Antonello

thither,

of the brave Vineyards, Corn-Fields, Fruit-Trees, Paftures,

Streams abounding with Fifh, Herds of Deer, and Cony-Warrens ; yet Antonelh
fantly,

by. reafon

meeting%ith many troubles, would not undertake the Bufinefs.

New Valladolld is adorn'd with a great Church, a Cloyfter, belonging to the
Monks De la Merced, and handfom Streets.
2. Thirty Leagues Weftward from this City lies another call'd Gratia* a Dios, begun by Captain

Gabriel de ^oya^jAnno 1530. that

fohe might be near the Gold-Mines

But becaufe the Natives kept the new Inhabitants in continual alarm, and daily
Storm'd the unfinifli'd Fortifications, %oya* was nece/Titated to leave off building

any

farther, the rather, becaufe

none came

to his afliftance

from the neighboring

Garrilon.
Six years after Gonzales de Alvarado undertook this

Rocky Mountain

Work, and built the City on a

which, though otherwife barren, produe'd lufty Horfes and

ftrong Mules.
3.

unwholfom Climate,us'd formerly to

gone much to decay fmceGolfo Dolce hath been

San <?Wro,though lying under a hot and

be a brave City of Trade

difcover'd, becaufe

but

it is

from that Bay the Commodities are carried

in

Barques up into

the Countrey.
4.

The

Village Juan de Puerto de CaVallos, inhabited by Factors and

Moors

It re-

Denomination, becaufe not far from it feveral Horfes were fore'd to be

thrown over-board in a Storm. Though it be but ill fortif?d, yet it hath an exceeding large Haven. Captain Cbriflopher Newport arriving here Anno 1501. found'
ceiv'd that

two hundred Houfes, and

in

them

a confiderable

Booty

left,

notwithftanding four

Ships richly laden had lately fetSail from thence.

Six years after Newport, Capt.^/2f. Sherly re-took the Place,and leaving the

open

for Pyrats, Alphonfus oriado judg'd

to Amatique
;

it

he built the Village Thomas de

manner of AiTaults.

Haven

convenient to remove the Trading Flace

Qaftilla,

and fortir?d the fame againft all

Behind

J>

7v',

<

///.<-

Qiuztm<ti*atta

ccle/ia,

3. Fntnci/cil

ec2efta_

*MqyruL

Jf

AMERICA

Chap. IV.
Behind

Crtallos lies the

Valley Naco, which

2JI

exceeding fruitful,

is

being fituate

between high Mountains, where formerly was found plenty of Silver.

5. Eaft ward from Cavallos appears the famous City Truxillo, near

a large

from

Bay

Xrusstlt.

fe-

Storms by two Cliffs, full of Trees the Mouth of the

Haven call'd
Joan Gil, is above two Leagues broad, and receives two Rivers, one
from each fide
of the City
The Stream Quaimarotte flows Eaft ward, and the River Antonio
Weftward, both abounding in Fifli. The Countrey round about produces
abundance
of all forts of Provifions, and chiefly abounds in Grapes, which
are gathered
twice a year
Eight days after Auguft they cut their Vines, which afford
them ripe
Grapes again in OBober
they have two Harvcfts of Corn
alfo Lemons and
Oranges are very plentiful
The Cattel brought hither from Sfain are exceeding
ly increased to an incredible number.
Truxillo it fcl'f lying on a fteep Mountain, is defended
on that fide which repeas the Sea, with a thick Wall of fix Foot high between which and
cur'd

all

the

Haven

tremany brambly Bufhes, which prevent the accefs to the Wall, onely
a narrow
md fteep way leading up to the City, which hath a ftrong Gate, guarded w^th
two
Srafs Guns , and fufficiently Fortifi'd to oppofe an
Enemy. The Eaftern
Cliff,

vhich bends before the Haven

high Beacon

call'd

Woodden

Crofs

Beyond

rhich ftands a large

lunula

%r

on which ftands a Houfe with

the Wall Eaftward, near the Haven, is a Ship-yard,
before
is

The Caftle in which the City Store is

joyns to the Wall, near unto which, within the Town
appears St. Francis
:hurch j but the Cathedral call'd Egkfia Major, is feen above
all other Buildings :
rhe Houfes covcr'd with IPa/m/Vo-Leaves, have Walls of Pleited
Bufibes, Plaifter'd
ver within and without
Behind the City, where it lies open, are exceeding high
fountains.
:

;ept,

Mno

1576. the Englijh falling on this ftrong Place, carry 'd a rich Booty from a ^plencejafter which, Capt. Jntk Sforly and Cape. Witt. Tarker ventured
once more on p^|
**."*""*'
ie fame, but being difcover d by the Centinel,
werefore'd to Retreat, not without
confiderable lofs
When not long after, Captain John Van Boom a Hollander, atsmpcing the fame, had much better fuccefs \ for he Weighing Anchor
for
:

fernam-

p,

with four Frigats

three Ketches

rriving, lay clofe before the City

n the

Town

with

and a Sloop

fet Sail

his four Frigats,

which

to Truxillo,
fired

where

very fiercely

the Inhabitants of

which not being idle, kill'd three Men in one

hip, fore'd her to fall farther off from the Caftle
Whilft the Ketches and Sloop
rent about a Gun (hot Weftward beyond the
City, towards the River Jntonio,
'here they Landed two hundred and fifty Soldiers,
which march'd with all fpeed
the
Hill
where the Caftle lay which they Scal'd at Noon-day the
p
.

Befieged

sing provided with feven Guns,

fhot, and threw Stones continually amongft

iem, yet were fore'd to Retreat from the
Dutch Hand-granado's
During the
orm, the Admiral himfelf Landed, but before he came out
of the Boat, the foreention'd Soldiers had made themfelves Mafters of the
Fort, with the lofs of oneeight Men, and were bufie Pillaging all places
they came at, and carrying their
)tten Booty to a Watch-houfe near the
Caftle on the Shore,, when on a fudden
:

Firehappen'd in the Eaft part of Truxillo, which increased

in fuch a manner, that
few hours two third parts of the City lay in Ames every
one then had enough
.

do to favc themfelves, yet for ail the hafte they made,

feveral Hollanders were
I'd at the blowing up of the Magazine, and moft
of the Booty loft by the
re
infomuch that they carry'd but two hundred thirty nine Skins,
Bales of
;

fix

hundred and twenty Pounds of Sarfaparitta, feven Brafs, and three

%>>
Guns, four Clocks, and fome few trifles with them
having before made an
eight

agree-

.AMERICA.

23*

Chap. IV.

agreement for twenty Pound of Silver, with the Governor Joan de Miranda, who
inform'd them, that they had not the lead knowledge of the Hollanders Fleet, till
fiYd
Moreover, that the Cithe Evening, when the Beacon on funta La%ye was
:

was inhabited by two hundred Spaniards, and as many more Mulatoes and Moorsand that the Trade thereof was much gone to decay, becaufe there had been no
Gallies there in two years before.
Twenty 'feven Leagues from this City lies the Village Jorgo de Olancho, where
fcur thoufand Spaniards force Tribute from fixteen thoufand Indians , who polTefs
ty

much Gold.

Sect.

IV.

Nicaragua.
Situation and

Icaragua

is

County of this

Northward with Honduras J

-Province, border'd

bounds.

on the

Eaft,

Ocean,

and part of Veragua

del

Zur

Micos, Madira,

and the

Spaniards, Laguna de Nicaragua

in

compafs.

It

North-Sea, but reacheth

hath few Rivers in

It

Contales.

ply'd by the benefit of a great

Leagues

on the South,
called

by Diego

little

Territo-

Qacobaque, Cepeoco, Los

as Nicoya, Nequecheri, Mabyth, Deria, Mafaya, Mandigua,

ries,

and on the Weft, with Guatimala, being

the New Kjngdom of Leon, and comprizing feveral

with Mare
Lope^de Sal^ado,

with the Mantick

Lake,

in the

containing

empties

it

felf

as far as the

by

it,

want whereof

the

is

fup-

midft of the Countrey, call'd by the

as

is

fuppos'd

above one hundred

the Port of St. Juan into the Atlantick or

South or Mare

del

Zur,

at lead:

within a very

few Leagues and from whence fome Spanifl? Captains are faid to have made a paffage, though with much difficulty, into the Lake, and from thence to the NorthSea. It is abundantly well ftor'd with good Fifh, but withal much haunted with
and the Countrey about it lb plentiful in all things, efpecially Cattel,
Crocodiles
;

Amongft which, the chiefeft is the

Cotten-Wool, Sugars, and all kind of Fruits
Zeiba, which is of fo great a thicknefs, that fifteen Men holding Hand in Hand, can
:

encompafs the fame.

fcarce

The

Callabajhes

ripen here in fourteen days. time

The

Sea along the Coaft, breeds Whales and other Sea*Monfters, which are often fcen

above Water.
Nature of the
Inhabitants,

The

Inhabitants of this Countrey,

(except the Cbontales, which live on the

Mountains, and maintain their old Salvage Cuftoms) have for the moil: part
learnt the Spanijb Tongue and Manners, and exercife themfelves in all forts of
Arts and Siences, efpecially in Working of Silver, making of Clothes, Wax- Work,
and the like From the Mountains they gather Balfom, Liquid*Amber, Turpen:

tine

They

alio drive a great

sions, to Manama,

and Nombre

Trade

in

Cotton, Skins, and feveral forts of Provi-

de Dios.

which hath a hundred and feventeen Leagues in

Circumference, and round about inhabited, is by three Leagues of Land feparaand difcharges its Waters into the River Defaguadero,
ted from the South-Sea
which falls into the Northern Ocean. Alpbonfm Qalera and Diego Machuca de Zua[o y

The Lake

Laguna de Nicaragua

were

the

many

firft

that Sail'd out of the foremention'd

Lake

into- the

Sea

not without

dangers, by reafonofthe great Water-falls, call'd %o?ulales, which

the River Dcjaguadero, and fore'd

them

often times to

draw

fall into

Barques over

their

the

Land.

which is furrounded with Woods and lies clofe by

the Lake hath a great Church, five Cloyfters belonging to the Monks, de la Mercede,
Farmfeveral Houfes for the King's Officers, and a hundred and twenty thoufand

The

chief City

is,

t.

Leon,

lie!

'

"

S&aprlV.

ME%IC

<tA

J.

of Indians which pay Tribute. Three Leagues beyond Leon appears a hicxh fpiry
dountain, from whofe top, both Morning and Evening, rifes a mighty fmoke,
ies

out great fulphurous Stones over the neighboring Fields, and

>n a fudden mighty Flames. A Dominican Monk, in hopes to get fome melted Gold

fometimes

.nd

cafts

burning Mouth, went up the fame with four of

arry'd an Iron Chain and a Kettle, which were no fooner let
of

>ut

its

his

Fraternity,

down

and

into the hole

they were immediately melted; yet notfo difcourag'd, they refolv'd to venture
fecond time with ftronger Materials, which neverthelefs had the fame, or rather

>ut
,

vorfe event; for the Fire flew out in fuch a manner,

that the Dominicans fad

ly
corch'd, had enough to do to efcape with Life, fince whicji none durft prefume to

pproach the fame.

But befides the Epifcopal City Leon, Erected by Francifcus Fernandez i. Granada
.cknowledges the fame Builder, and lying alfo on the more o c Laguna de Nicaragua,
Church, and feveral Sugar.Mills
s adorn'd with a Caftle,
Not far from it lie
:

he fmall Lakes Mafaya and Lindiri

which is inclos'd between exceeding

ugh Mountains, covers the Foot of the burning Mountz'm^Mafay a
the other falls
nto Lagunade Nicaragua, near which is the fmoky Mountain Munbacbo, furrounded
-

the

firft

vith Fruit-Trees.

& 4. The Towns Jean, and NeuVa Segovia, which are not far from

3.

>f little

5.
>ea,

thence, are

confequence.

were, the Chattam of America, being a place on the South*

where the King of Spain hath all his Ships built that are made of American Tim-

ber,

;ind

%ealeio, this is, as it

and inhabited by few or none but Shipwrights, Mariners, and

of Profeffion.

Men

of that

6. i? 7. Njcoya, Avarines.
8.

Cartag9,

forty Leagues diftant

from

Nicoya,

he Iftbnm, or Streight of Darien, equally diftant

lea

on both which

it

laid likewife to

is

and lying almoft in the midft of

both from the North and South

have a convenient Port or Haven for

shipping.

The
idife,
f

becaufe of

Money,

is

fing a Steel

ong,

when

Spaniards,

till

its

Landed here

exceeding Fruitfulnefs.

-of

them

is

Cacao

The

Inhabitants, in ftead of

rub two pieces of

Wood

together Co

and burn the Boughs of Fine*Trees

Amongft the feveral Languages which

Amongft
^ their Recreations, Dancing is

handles.
ft

The

ftrike Fire withal,

kindled

Countrey Mahomets Ta
which they ufe here in ftead

call'd this

not unlike the Stone of an Almond.

and Flint to

one

they

firft

in ftead

of

they fpeak, the Mexican is the chief-

oil'

principal, which

is

performed

af-

era very ftrange manner, for they meet fometimes two or three thoufand togeher, according to the bignefs of the Province, in a fpacious Field, which is made
lean before for that purpofe
He that leads the Dance goes backward, and with

swng*&fe
nerofDan*
cin

s-

riany ftrange Geftures, turns himfelf about, which the reft,

following four and four

ogether in a row, imitate, whilft their Tambores beat on hollow Inftruments, and
n g Songs

which are

firft

anfwer'd by the Ring-leader of the Dance

and then

bonded by the whole Company , each of them waving a Fan or a Callabajb,

nd being all adorn'dlwith Plumes of Feathers on their Heads, and Strings with
hells

about their

Arms and Legs

;

le

Man, the other, the Cripple, one

wry Mouth, one cries, and another

blind

lakes a
1

they alfo ad: feveral antick Tricks

Chocolate,

which continues

A King of this Countrey

the

Lake

Gua'mabo,

till

the one,

feigns himfelf to be deaf, the other

laughs, whileft others drink healths

Midnight.

in former times us'd to feed the Fifll Manati with Bread,

where

it

would appear

ae

its

jjj^jj

being call'd Matto % Matto^ which

fignifies
-

ME

vf

<KI

Chap. I\

Sgnifks tloble-mhuled, and oftentimes carry eight or ten Boys on its Back
from or
fide of the Lake to the other
but being (Lot by a Spaniard with an Arrow,
;
nev<
appeared again.

There
things a

is

likewife a black Beaft in this

Hog

hath a hard Skin,

it
;

and makes fuch

Countrey

refembling in forr
Eyes, open Ears, cloven Feet, fhort Noll

little

a terrible noife, that

call'd Cafcu,

which hear it.

is the Fox*Ape, which hath
two Bellies one und<
another
in the lowermoft of which it carries its
Young, which are never brougl
into the World till they are able to fhifc for their
own Food. It hath the Body of
Fox, Feet like a Man's Hands, and Ears like a Batt.

No lefs

affrights thofe

it

ftrange and wonderful

It

will not be amifs before

we

conclude with

this Province, to give you a Rela

tionof theDifcourfe which hapned Anno 1527. between the
SpamJJ? Commande
Francifco de Monteio and the Nicaragua Cafique Alauinotex,
who being a hundred an
ten years old, told him, "That before the
Spaniards arrival there, great number
"ofhisSoldiersperhli'd after a Grange manner for after having
vomited abun
dance of Worms, they fell down dead on a fudden
thofe that
.

made two

which twice Engagin

Parties,

<

with one another, each of them loft above a hundred and

Yet both thefe Plagues were no ways to be compar'd
to the

"

Spaniards

<<

Con

efcap'd the

tagion differing amongft themfelves,

'

thoufand

fifty

Men

Slaughter which th

had made amongft them.

About the fame time an Italian, call d Hieronymo!Bon^o, Lodging with
a
3

guan

Nobleman

What do

that underftood the Spanijh

not {Oh Chrift) the Chriftians do

Hut, but

they

commanding

to cool their
luftful defires

on <0 gave him

The

this

Indian again

Spaniards

call for

*.

they no fooner get their Foot into an

is

nothing more vicious

The wicked Spaniards commit

fuddenly retorted, faying, Where

are any

on Earth.

Indian'

To

whicl

oftentimes unfeemly things

fuch Men

To

/ have never known any hut wicked Villains.

have you made place for them on Nicaragua

man

upon by him

fet

Mai^, Honey , WmtenClothes, Gold, Siher, and aWoma;

Certainly there

Anfwer

Tongue, was thus

ISticara

found as

gooi

'Bon^o faid,

Wh

to he

which

Which was thus reply'd to by the Noble"

All People round about took Oath on the firft News of the
Qhriftians ar

rival, to

hazard

all,

and

fight to the laft

Man,

would be under th<

they had heard other Countreys were opprefs'd
which purpofe they made ready Bowes, Arrows, Lances.
before they

" infupportable Yoke, with which

To

''

with by them.

'.'

Stones, Clubs, and other

te
<c

<<
c

Weapons of War

But when

it

came

to the trial, the

Spamjh Horfe, of which they had never feen the like, ftruck
fuch a terror into the
Indians, that they fled, and fent two Agents to
Monteio to defire Peace
but their
;
Defign was onely to gain time, that they might gather
new Forces, 'to venture
a lecond Encounter
which prov'd as fatal to them as
the

Then

firft.

defiring

? Peace once more, they gathered all that were able to bear Arms, and fworeone
< to another nottoftir a Foot;
and withal made a Law, That whofoever did
flinnk fliould be kill'd immediately
But the Women being informed hereof,
" begg'd that they might rather fuffer under the Spamjh
Yoke, than be torn in pieces
:

by their Dogs, or kill'd by their Bullets and Swords,

not able to refift the Spaniards and entreated them,
}

<

to go

dren

on with

to the other

"lefs and bloody

" make

their

Defign

firft

World,
Chriftians

they

that fo they
:

would

might not

firft

fall

alledging, that they were

that if they

were

refolv'd

fend their Wives and Chilinto the hands of the merci-

Whereupon moft Voices judg'd

it

convenient to

of the Opportunity, and to fubmit to Monteio. But

his cruel dealc
<
ings made fome to contradia that Determination
for which they paid
"dearly j for not onely they, but their little Infants, were put to
the moft cruel
ufe

" Deaths

AMERICA.

>hap. IV.
Deaths imaginable

which made many of them

alio to lay

violent hands on

themfelves.

Sect.

V.

Coftarica.

f ^Ojlarica borders on the Eaft with Veragua

on the South and Eaft, with the

and on the North, with Nicaragua. The Countrey it felf is barren
Sea
and mountainous
whofe Inhabitants were valiant enough to Encounter
;

B eunas

.W
f

the

Counney .

ith the Spani(b Forces,

being unwilling to lofe their former Priviledges.

This Coaft was difcover'd firft by Chrifiopher Columbus, who Anno 1502. Sailing
y the Rivers <Belen and Veragua with Barques, took much Gold out of the
Mynes
rira, but chiefly from between the Roots of Trees which were grown together.

Sect.

VI.

Veragua.
bounded on the Weft with Coftarica on the Eaft it hath the Diftrid,
;
or Countrey of Tanama, being otherwife wafli'd on all fides by the Sea.
It

Eragua

hath

is

its

Name from

Sounds
Nature

ani3

of

the

Qmmxyl

Its

chief

a River of great note in this Trad,

by which it was firft

The Countrey is for the mod part mountainous, and the Soil out*
irdly barren,butrecompencing all defects with the abundance of its more
inward
ealth, that is to fay, in the richnefs of its Mynes, of which it is faid
to afford
my, and Co inexhauftibly rich and good, that the Spaniards here know no end of
sir Wealth
although by the ftoutnefs and untameablenefs of the Natives, it
is a long time, and they met with many difficulties,before
they could make them*
fcover'd.

ves Mailers

of the Treafure.

The chief Towns

they have here are

1.

La

Conception,

lying at the

Mouth of a

Ri*

Towns.

nam'd,and the Seat of the Governor.

2. La Trinidad upon the Banks of the fame River likewife,
but down towards
rt <Beleno, and about fix Leagues Eaft ward of
Conception,
3. St. Foy, twelve Leagues more to the South, where the Spaniards melt their
>ld, and eaft it into Bars or Ingots.
fo

4. Carlos, a
5.

Town they

fbilippina,

pacious
rty or

Bay

have upon the Coaft of Mare

another on the Weft of Carlos

before which there

more,which the Spaniards are

lie

del

Zur.

both of thefe feated upon a large

certain little Iflands, to

laid to

the

number of

have wholly difpeopled long fince,by

xing the Natives over into the Continent to work in the Mynes, as ufually they
1 before the Emperor's Prohibition
but now they ufe Slaves or Negro's, which
buy
for that purpofe from Guinee and other Parts.
J
:

Sect.

VII.

Guatimala, properly fo calld.

"^1 Uatimala, fpecially
fo call'd,
.
1
f
r
/t\

hath on the Weft the River Xicalapa, which di-

rrom VeraTa^y on the Eaft it is bounded with the Countrey of

Nicaragua. on the North, with Honduras
and on the South, with Man
vides

it

Zur.

This

Bounds of

Coumr
the Country,

ME

*A

2^6

I C J.

Chap. IV

This Countrey was conquered by Teterde Aharado-, Anno 152 5. It is, by rcafon of it!
neighborhood with Vera Ta^wot altogether clear of Mountains, but otherwife wel
water'd with Rivers, and enriched with fair and fruitful Valleys, which afford not
onely good Pafturage, and many great Herds of Cattel, but likewife good ftore

Wheat,M^, and
ly

other Fruits of the Earth. Great plenty of Cotton-Wool

both here and

Woods

in the other

is

general

Provinces, vi% Vera Ta^, Chiapa, &c. fome Medicina

likewife, and Liquors,

and abfolutely

the belt

Sulphur in America. The Peo

tradable and well difpos'd, both in point of Religion and

pie are generally

civi

Government.
Towns of

The Towns

note.

of chief note are

1.

Guatimala^now calTd

St.

de Guatlmala fince

Jago

tfii

about the Year 1586. it was almoft: buried in Afhes, whici

one of the neighboring Mountains, for the fpace of fix Moneths together, conti
re-building thereof

nually belch'd

for

out in fuch fearful quantities,

the old City deferted, and a

new one

many People were {lain

place. The day before thi

that

built in another

fad Accident hapned, the neighboring

Mountains were obferv'd to fhiver, and,

great noife was heard from under Ground
which amazing the Indians, the new
thereof was carried to the Bifhop, Francijcws Moroquin, who narrowly enquiring
;

into the Caufes of thefe Accidents, and

a fad Event

would fuddenly follow,

what they might portend, found

as accordingly

it

did

for
5

night on the eighth of Auguft y Anno

the

Clouds had been

all

Rocky Mountains with

difiolv'd

about

fuch a mighty (tore of Rain

541.

mid

feen

Water, which came rowling from

into

fuch violence, that

how

as

fell,

it

wafh'd

down

th

great Stones, whic

carried on by the ftrength of the

none could have

tha

Water againfl the Houfes, beat them down am

they were ruin'd, had not the mighty flames of Light

ning, followed by terrible claps of Thunder, lighted the Night.

Some

inftantl

deferting this miferable place, fled up into the Countrey, and there built a ne\
Guatemala (as above*mention'd) fur-nam'd St. Jago,

three Leagues farther toward

which flow two Rivers, between two Vulcans,

fmoaking Mountains, which fometimes vomit forth terrible Flames, mix'd wit!
dreadful Thunderclaps, Allies, and great Stones, infomuch that the Ground i
about it, which is exceeding fruitful, feems to move. There are many of the!
the Eaft, in a Valley through

Vukansm

feveral parts of America,

as

namely

at Arequipa in the

at Tuebla delos Angelas t in the Province oiTlafcalla abovefaid,a

heighth, that they are fain to go

little

Kingdom of Ten

Mountain of fo

grea

lefsthan thirty Leagues turning and wine

before they can reach the top of it, and others in feveral other places.

They

aregc

Mountains of great heighth, and running iliarp upwards, but at the

containing fome quantity of plain and level Ground in the midft whereof is a

nerally

or Hole, out of which abundance of

Smoak and

fiery Sparkles are

continually, and fo deep, that they are fuppos'd for the

very bottom of the Mountain.

Smoak,
as

it

bottom with

part to reach to th

a quick Fire,

for

fome conceiving

no

and which

infbntly melteth Iron, or any other Metal that

by experience hath been found

Pi

vomited almoi

thefe Vulcans caft forth neither Fire

yet are clearly feen to burn at the

fo extreamly hot, that

it,

Some of

mod

to

is call:

that the Matter

int

whic

maintains thefe Fires within the Bowels of the Earth fo long together, can bene
thing elfe but melted Gold, have endeavor'd feveral times to extract and draw:

and Brafs, which they have caus'd to be let dow

into the bottom of the Vulcan or Pit, by long Iron Chains made on purpofe
bui
as we faid, the extream heat and force of the Fire below always melted them befor
they could be drawn up again, and by that means hath rendred all fuch Attempt
forth in certain VeiTelsof Iron

fruftrate.

In this

Town, now

call'd St. Jago i refide

above

fix

hundred

Spanijh

Corr

mander

-*-

"

M E %^I C

sA

Chap. IV.

manders, and more than twenty

have alio a brave Church and

two

another to the Order La Merced

thence

is

fquare

thoufand

23

which pay Tribute.

Indians

They

Cloyfters, one belonging to the Dominicans, and

and likewife a noble Hofpital. Not far from

a place call'd T^ileos where there are Orchards of Cacoa two Leagues in
each of them producing yearly as .rr^H^ as fifty thoufand Men are able

They

to carry.

by

five

A.

Xeqnipiles,

reckon the Cacao by

of eight thoufand

Contels,

and by

wj

&

Carga'

the

number of

four hundred

twenty four thoufand.

lif

In this

Mountain, whofetop fmoaking continually confumes by decrees, and

oftentimes covers the neighboring Countrey with Allies. The Water which flows
from the fame differs very much, for fome of it is wholfomand fit to drink fome

County

is

fome turns Wood, if

whofe Head is highly efleem'd

foul and flinking, and

fame, to Stone.

Here is
alio the Bean:
for the S^oar* Stone, which it carries, in the fame. Here is likewife a little Bear, which in Head of a Mouth, hath a
long Nofewith a round Hole in it, and a hollow Tongue, with which it fucks
Honey, and diflurbs the Neils of Pifmires. The Women in this Place make curious Earthen Ware, coloured either red or black with the Mud of two feveral
Brooks.

The

Indians call'd the

laid in the

boyling Fountains

in this

bubble up a Bowes-fliot high, and make the River

ing

it

far

forth a thick

from

it lies

Damp, and

grow exceeding

a Stone

which, notwithiland-

Caliente,

againfl bad

which having

Craek

Weather a thundering

its

middle, fends

in the

On

noife.

exceeding-

the

Moun-

Oak. Here Pifmires which are of an

extraordinary bignefs, are brought to Market amongfl other Provifions.
2. St. Salvador, forty Leagues diilant from Guatimala Eaftward, and feated upon
the River Guacapa, and having about it a fmall Territory, which by fome is actains

large Trees, efpecially

counted a diftinct Countrey or Province.

3.

ing as

Jcaputla, a
it

Town

of the Natives,

were, the PortTown to

4. Trinidad, a

Town

of great

fituated at the

Mouth of the

River*,

and be.

St. Salvador.

Empory and Place of

People of New Spain and thoie

being the greateft

refort,

Traffick for all forts of Commodities, betwixt the

oTeru.
5.

St. Michaels,

two

or three Leagues diflant

from

the

Bay

Fonfeca,

upon

the

South Sea.
6.

Xeres de laFrontera,

ori

the Confines of this Province,

Nicaragua, befides feveral Villages

which we

fliall

In the middle of a Lake within this Territory

had a Tradition, That a

Man

no fooner

towards the Borders of

have occafion to mention.

is

an ifland, on which the Indians

Foot but he died immediately:

which Opinion of theirs was chang'd when the Spaniards went thither in Boat- fulls
andreturn'd fafeagain, with Relation that they had feen a large Stone Image, refembling a Woman before which lay the Afhes and Bones of (lain People.
fet his

Round about
Timber .of

the

Village Guaymoco

grow

great Balfom-Trees,

which afford

Foot long. From

this Village leads a Way to the City Sahahr, near which the fore-mention'd River Guacbapa runs with fo many windinas,
that the Traveller is forc'd to crofs the fame feveral times before
he can come to

the

Foot of

fifty five

Mountain which formerly cad out

terrible Flames
but now the
:ombuflible Matter being confum'd, there appears onely a great Hole on the top,
with Allies in a large compafs round about it. At the Foot of the fame are two Pin,
;

ont of which fmoaks continually in fuch a manner, that it ftifles all thofe that approach it 5 yet the Mountain is well oyerfpread with Cedars and Pine-Trees.

Three Leagues

farther lies the Village Nixapa

B b

County IMl, becaufe they

hath pafs'd half a League through a wide Channel, retains

Not

heat.

and not

far

from thence the

Hill

A HE, %^1

C A.

Chap. V.

which confifts of great Scones and Allies, .wonderfully mixt togeNo lefs wonderful is a Brook which flows in the Night till Morning, and
ther
And in the Countrey Cboluteca is another., which hides
then finks into the Ground
The Cavern which formerly
it feif at Noon, and appears again towards Night.

Hill Elmal Tals,

:

produe'd Fire and Smoke,

City Salvador

Near

now

affords

good Water

which

is

The

are

two

chiefeft

is

Diicover'd by Gonfalves DaVria, Anno

Bifhop of

lies

along the South-Sea,

is

Babia

522. and fo nam'd from Joan

(Zfy*

middle thereof appears the Ifland Petto-

In the

'Burgos

Cocori lies

a very turbulent Lake.

Haven of this Countrey, which

drtgas de Fonfeca,

up Allom

Pits, one of

of boyling Water, and the other as cold as Ice: Moreover,

full

de Fonfeca,

nell&y

from hence

far

near a high Mountain, on the top of which

Havens.

call:

fpeak feveral Languages, flock to the

and Sulphur.
Villape

which

the Village Y^tepegve are five Springs,

The Natives Cbontales which

not
to make Offerings
Manilla

and

to the Village Curcatan,

with nine others, of which four are inhabited by Indians.

The good conveniency of the Haven Fonfeca, induced fome of the Spaniards to
make a new PaiTage from the fide of the Southern Ocean, to the Northern, <vi^
to TStymbre de Dios, defigning

from Panama

it

from

to reach

the faid

Haven

Fonfeca y

which are diftant one from the other forty five Leagues ;
moll of it good way, except fome over-grown Mountains, which might be made
to which purpofe they built the Town Buena EtyeranpatTable with little trouble
unto Puerto

de Carellos,

Work

yet neverthelefs the

ca,

There

are

as appertaining to Guatemala, the fmall Provinces

moreover reckon'd

Soconufco, Suchitepec,

'longs the

remained unprofecuted.

Town

and

the chief of

Cbilulteca,

of Gevetlan

where the

Spanijh

them being Soconufco, to which beGovernor hath his Refidence the

5

feem to be onely fmall Territories about Towns of the

manner as St. Salvador, and St. Miguel beforementionM.

fame Name,

reft

<(,

CHAP.
The Kingdom
Bounds of
New-Spain.

NElp

three hundred

or New-Spain.

of the Northern America, reckons in length from

the EaftPoint of Yucatan,

dalajara

^K v**K. ,?&, &; &*

.J**, .tfc

V.

of Mexico

Spain, the chiefeft part

in like

to the place

and

fixty

juts againft Gua-

where JMecboacon

Leagues

and

in

breadth from the

Northern parts otTanucos, to the Southern Ocean, a hundred and eighty Leagues;
behind inacceiTable Mountains
befides a great part which lies to the Northward
,

inhabited by the Tepetuaenes , Guacbucules, Cacate^uas,Tecaxmines,

and WilderneiTes
and others and was, before the Spaniards Conquered and Difmembet'd it, much
for as much as it comprehended the whole Province of
larger than now it is

NeTV*Gallicia,

ward

and reach'd from the

as far as Tfyw&ifcay

in length feven

But

of the Peninfula of J neat an South-

and the Confines q California Northward

hundred Leagues and more, and about half

fince the Concjueft

oNew-Gallicia

furtheft Point

is

the Spaniards call

much

containing
in breadth

by Hernando Corte^ and his Followers, the whole Countrey

taken from
it,

as

it,

and made

a diftincl;

Government

or Judiencia

as

ofitfelf.

The

"

g^ammugmmmam

J*

_-

AMERICA

Chap. V.

237

The

Natives of the Countrey are of the Race of the Chichmuc*,

a Salvage and
Wilde fort of People, of the Province of ^-Gallicia, cfpccially in
the Parts of
HewSifcay, living in Forefts and in deep Caves under Ground whofe

The

Qfigirafc

Pofterity do
day much trouble and annoy the Countrey thereabouts
notwithftandthe endeavors of the Spaniards, and the Garrifons which
they keep
j

ftill

at this

ing

all

in thofe

parts on purpofe todeftroy them.

HI

About

five hundred years ago,or more,according

account of the Mexican Jnnals, divers Hoards,as they are call'd,
of thefe Chichi,
meet, weary, it feems, of their Woods and fubterraneous dwellings,'
imYd out into,
the more open Air, and fell down in huge multitudes into thefe
Southerly parts
o{Jmcrica y which are now call'd Mexico and T^ew- Spain
not all at once, but at feveral times, and under feveral names,
fc>. of the Suchimilci, Cbalc<e,Tepdnec*, TlafcaU
tec*, and others, who flibduing or driving out the People they
found in thofe

to the

parts,

Seated themfelves in their

of them,

came,

room

And though

at firft

every Nation or

Company

upon fome Province apart by themfelves, and held

it, as it were, in Sovereignty- to themfelves, without
acknowledgement of any de.
pendance or fubjedion to their Neighbors, or thofe that were there before
them
yet in Trad of time, and by fortune of the Wars
which they made one upon another, they fell under the Government of one King, vi^. the
King of Mexico,/
which was the chief City of the Province.
as they

feiz'd

This Kingdom,

at the

time that the Spaniards

Difcover'd the Countrey, was

firft

Govern'dbya

Prince, nam'd Mote^uma- one, who by his Valor

and good fuccefsin
the Wars, had in a few years of his Reign, before the
Spaniards came thither, fubdu'd the better part of a hundred Cities and great Towns to his

The Hate of;

the Mexican
Kingdom before the Spd.
n'ards ani-

TaL.

Dominion

held in actual fubmiffion to his Government, and Tributary

to him, no lefs than
thirty feveral Cafeques or petty Princes ; every one of
which paid himTribute,

and

were able upon occafion

to bring into the Field an

hundred thoufand

Men

He is

have been, for his Perfon, a wife and good Prince, juft, affable,
and tender
of his Subjects good but by reafon of fome heavy exadions,
which his own pow*
er,and the Pra&ife of his Anceftors before him,gave him the
confidence to Im.pofe

faid to

upon

the Concjuer'd People, a great part of his Subjects liv'd but

unwillingly under his Obedience, and rather by conftraint than otherwife
being alfo further ex>
:

him by one barbarous Cuftom, which the Mexicans frequently

us'd,
the Sacrificing of Men. Their manner was, whenfoever
they had any
folemn occafion of doing Honor to their Devil-god VitzilopuchtU as they
call him,
,
afperated againft

to fend out an

Army

of

Men from

Mexico, into

fome of

the fubdu'd Provinces, (in

had no Enemies nearer Hand) and to fetch in as many

Men
thought good, to be Sacrific'd; whofe flefli likewife afterwards
they
cafe they

as they

did eat in a

folemn Banquet. This being

a bufinefs

of their Satanical Religion, and Mote^uma

a Prince extremely Superfluous and Devoted to the
Service of his gods, it is faid,
that he Sacrifice commonly, one year with another,
twenty thoufand Men, and

fome

upon extraordinary occafions, not lefs than fifty thoufand

So great
and grievous a Tyranny, by the juft Judgement and Permiffion
of Almighty God,
for their great and unnatural fins, did the
Enemy of Mankind exercife upon them!
He was likewife much given to Women, but it was onely to fuch as were counted
his Wives
of which he is faid to have had no lefs than a hundred and
years,

Child by him

fifty

at

The Bounds of this Kingdom

Arm

with

one time.

of the Sea, which they

at prefent are thus

on the Eaft

it

hath a large

The Bay of NeT>- Spain, or The Gulf of Mexico On

the Weft, it hath fome parts of
NemGallicia, and Mare del Zur
on the North, the
reft otNew-Gallicia, and part
of Florida j and on the South, Man del Zur again, and
call

B b

part

ThebomjcJg
of the Misi-

M E ^1

2AO

Chap. V.

A.

part of Guatimala.

It

extendeth

length from Jucatan Sonth-Eaft, to the Bor.

fclf in

it

Northward, above

ders of Ne* Gallkia

eight

hundred

Italian

Miles, and in breadth,

much. It lieth wholly under the Tornor is it a Countrey generally fo mountainous or high feated, as fome
rid Zone
yet is it fo fann'd, (for
others of America are, but for the mod part, level or low

from fanuco

to the South Sea, about half fo

three parts at leaft of four, by the cooling Blafts of the Sea, and the Heats otherwife fo moderated with frequent Rains, which it hath conftantly three Moneths in

the Year, Yi^. June, July,

Riches of
Mexico.

and Jugujl) that the Air

is

rendred thereby exceeding tem-

perate, and'the Climate not unhealthful,efpecially to temperate Bodies, and fuch as

goodly Countrey it is, of inexhauftible Wealth and
are never fo little us'd to it

Riches, whether

which

it

we

regard the

Mynes of Gold,

hath many, and very good

Iron,

Silver, Brafs,

<src.

of

all

or the Fruits of the Earth, abundance of

Corn and Grain, of which they have two Harvefts or any other
Commodities and Endowments of Nature, which ferve for the enriching of the
World. Amongft other things, it affords Caftia, the Fruit whereof is a thing well
known.and much commended, by the Apothecaries for its ufe in Phyfick, efpecially
Cattel, plenty of

and removing of all Obftru&ions of Phlegm, Choler, trc. Such

ftore of Balm Amber, all forts of Gums and precious Liquors, as no Countrey in
the World is better furnifh'd with excellent Perfumes and Phyfick, than the King-

in Purgations,

dom

of

2fyT Spain,

Anions

2#-Tree,

the

remarkable

is

many

other forts of Trees which this Countrey produces, the moft

their Tunas y

of which, there being

one

five kinds,

is

call'd

Qtmbeba,

from whence proceeds that admirable Tincture, commonly known by the Name
On the top of this Tree is found a Worm, which
oCochinele, which is thus made
hath the bignefs and lhape of a great Loufe, which fo increafes, that in one years
time a hundred Trees (hall be ftock'd from the feed of one of thefe Animals. The
Worm it felf being white, after the Skin is carefully pull'd off, put in cold Water
:

or Afhes, and fo dry'd, becomes

Cochinele.

The

beft fort

of

it is

to be had in Tlafcala,

and that in fo great a quantity, that no lefs than five or fix hundred Jrrobes of Spamjh Meafure (each Jrrobe is as much as five Englifl) Bufhels) is yearly Tranfported
thence. The other fort, which grows on the Mountains, and that which is not fo
carefully gather'd, call'd Cbichimecas, Dyes not fo well as the right Qocb'mele. The
Tunas alio bears a Fruit Ions and whitifh with a fmooth Shell, and full of littie

Seeds like Figs

Urine
'

iae-Apples,

The

red,

which

are inferior in tafte to the white, colours the

red.

The Pineapples which grow

They have a
inclos'd in a Shell
:

of, caufes

an Appetite,

it

here differ from the Spanijh, for the Pulp

pleafant fmell, and a Pulp,

being of a tartifh

tafte

not

much
long time when

which

they keep good a

is

if

eaten

Salted.
Fruit

Clients.

But much more beneficial

is

the Cacao, with which Fruit

New

Spain drives a great

Trade nay, ferves for Coin'd Money. When they deliver a Parcel of Cacao, they
Their Charity to the Poor never exceeds
tell them by five, thirty, and a hundred.
;

above oneGza/o=Nut. The chief reafon for which this Fruit is fo highly efteem'd,
(beis for the Chocolate, which is made of the fame, without which the Inhabitants
ing fo us'd-to it) are not able to live, notwithstanding it caufes Phlegm and Vomiting to thofe that are ftrangers thereto. When the Englifl) Commander Thoma*
Candijl? coming into the Haven Guatulco, burnt two hundred thoufand Tun of Cacao,
not
it prov'd no fmall lofs to all 2{e^ Spain, the Provinces Guatimala and Nicaragua

producing fo much
vided into four

in a

whole year.

The

forts, differing in bignefs

Trees on which

and

fliape

all

this Fruit

grows

are di-

of them arc very tender,

for

Chap. V.

<f

M E% I C

J.

2+1

\m\\

grow

for they will not onely

no place hut on their ufual Ground, but cannot en*

dure the cold Nights Storms, or excelTes of Heat } wherefore the Cacao-'Ticcs which
grow out of the Fruit that falls off, come to no perfection, except in (hady and
warm Valleys which is alfo the reafon why the Planters of Tfkw Spain plant the
great Leafy Tree Qacaoauanthly (that is, The Mother of the Cacao's) near the Cac^o-Tree,
that' it may the better grow under the Shadow thereof
in which manner whole
in

Woods

are planted

In the fecond year

it

bears Fruit,

which

is firO:

ripe in January ,

and again in the midft of Summer. Amongft the four forts the chiefeft \%Quathuitl y
of an indiffent heighth, and full of fliarp-pointed Leaves, which are fan: to the
Boughs without Stalks, and bears a great Flower of a yellowiOi colour, which falling off, leaves long, tough, and hairy Threds behind them, out of which grows the
Cacavently, a Fruit which is oval, heavy like a Melon, of a Saffron-colour, of a fat
and thick
the Sun it

Juice, a bitterifli, yet pleafant tafte,

is

thereby

made

fit

to keep

made of the fame. Before

no other Drink was efteem'd but
colate is

it is

and very cooling

being dry'd in

likewife highly efteem'd,becaufe the

the Spaniards

made themfelves Mailers of Mexico,

none caring for Wine, not-

that of the Cacao

}

withstanding the Soil produces Vines every where in great abundance of

Ne^

But

befides the Quathuil,

nal,

pleafant to behold for

which

chucaual,

HalcacahuaL

is lefs

The

its

Spain hath three other forts

of Gzozo-Trees,

heighth, large Leaves and Fruit

than the former

C/;o-

and

the next

laftly the leaft fort,

Fruit of thefe four forts of Trees,

though

it

vi^.
is

which

felf.

Meca-

the Xo*
is

call'd

differing in (hape, yet

power and operation.

The Spaniards to make Qhocolati mix Mai% (by the Mexicans call'd Tlaolli) either
whole or Ground, or boyl'd before with Chalk. Moreover, they put the red Ker*
nelsalfo in the Drink, which grow in the Fruit of the Jcbiote-Txee. Of the Kernels,
is all

one

in

which are dry and cooling, boyl'd in Water, and ft-irr'd till it comes to a Pap, they
make Cakes, which mix'd with the Qhocolate> gives it a cleanfing power, and takes

away all

taftes that caufe

The Pepper

vomiting.

Mecaxochite,

which grows creeping along the Earth, with long and

Bb

fragrant

<

+i

M E%_I C

Chap. V.

J.

fragrant Leaves, round Stalks, hairy Roots, and three long

Cods which

flioot

up-

This Pepper tempers the over-cooling property of the Chocolate, Laftly,

it confifts alfo of Xocbmacatlis, Tlilxocbitle, and the Rozenifh Gum,Holli, The Xocinacatli is a Tree with fmall Leaves, and great Flowers hanging on long Stalks that
bend downwards, wichinof a purple, and without of a dark-green colour, of a
fweet fmell,and refembling an Ear and this Flower alfo gives a pleafant tafteand

wards.

The TUlxochitle runs up to the tops of Trees

the Flowers, of a darkifli brown colour, cleanfe the Nerves, ftrengthen
like Ivy
the Brain, and take away the rawnefs of the Stomach. The Holli drops out of the
Holquabuytle, afmoothbarky Tree full of Moifture, which at firft appearance is
wholfom operation

to the Chocolate.

which kneaded into round Balls and

Roafted, is a remedy againft a Loofnefs and forenefs of the Bowels.
The Natives of the Countrey are very ingenious in divers mechanical Arts
white, then yellowifh, and

laftly

black,

'

Nature of the
Pjople.

efpecially in

making of

Feather*Pictures, a piece of Curioiity wherein they are held

to be incomparably,or rather inimitably excellent;

though the Americans generally are

andfo induftrious at it, that alnot a People over-much addicted to any kind of

Labor or Study, yet at this they will fit a whole day together, without either
Meat or Drink, onely out of a natural affection they have to the Work, and a defire
to be excellent in it
The Countrey indeed affords them great variety of Birds
;

and other Fowl, of mod: rare and exquifite Colours, which is a great advantage to
their Skill, and helps much to the accompliffiment of their Work. They Paint

upon their Cottons

and are held to be generally the bell:
Goldfmiths in the World; of moft perfect skill in the purging and refining of all
forts of Metals, but efpecially of Gold and Silver
And yet in other things fo

likewife very curioufly

ftrangely ftupid and ignorant,that

not a few of them

ture

when

the Spaniards firnVappeared

reported) took the Horfe and

(as 'tis

Man

amongftthem,

both for one Crea-

and when the Horfe Neighed, they would enquire very ferioufly what he

faid.
Lakes of

There

are likewife

JSLtW' Spain,

of Chapala and Mexico

Kingdom, towards

many
:

Lakes

the former of

in this Province, but the principal arethofe

which

yearly

is

in the

more Northern

and

chiefly

is

made and Tranfported

one of the largefl and goodlier!

is

is

the Borders of Ncto Gallicia,

dance of good Salt that

Mexico

fair

in

parts

of the

famous for the abun-

The

thence.

other of

World, of circular form

the

(as

fome fay) little lefs than nine hundred Miles in compafs, environed with the main
Land, the ^eninfula, or Cape of Florida, Jucatan, and the Ifland Quba, having two
onely PaiTages in and out, and both of them well

one betwixt the

Cuba, where the Tyde violently enters
and the other
fortifi'd

Point o jucatan and the lfle

betwixt the faid Ifland and the Cape of"Florida, where

on which Gulf the King of

occafions

and by them,

of America, than by

'tis

all the

the-

it

goeth as violently out

up-

always fome good Ships in readinefs for all

fuppos'd,he doth more afliirehis Eftates in thofe parts

Spain hath

Garrifons befides.

The whole Kingdom of

Mexico, or Neffi Spain,

is

fubdivided into thefe Inferior

Provinces
The

feveral

Provinces.

i.

The

Angelos,

Arch*bifhoprick of Mexico,

or Tlafcale.

4. Guaxaca.

5.

i.

The

Bifhoprick

The Lordfhip

Tanuco

Mechoacon,

And

6. the

3.

Los

Province

Tabafco.

Mexico, the chief Province of 2{ew*Spain, fo

City, not only of the Province, but of

choacan, extends in length

from North

all

denominated from Mexico the chief

America

to South, a

lying between Tlafcale and Me-

hundred and.feventeen Leagues;

and in breadth along the Southern Ocean, feventeen, but up

in the

Countrey,

fifcy

four

Chap. V.

M E%^1

eJ

four Leagues: In which circumference

tlan, Xilotepeque,

coca;

and Tanuco

South-Eaft, Qhalco

C A.

H$

to the North-Eaft, LateotUpa, Mexti.

lie

Weftward, Matalzingo, and Cultepeque Eaft ward,

Southward, Suchimilco, Tlaluc, Coyxca, and Jcapulco.
.

Tu^

bounded on the Eaft., with the Gulf of A/cx/co on the Weft, with WecWon the North, with Tanuco, and fome parts of TS{ew-Gallkia and on the
South,
;

It is

C4

with

Bounds of
A&xicana.

llafcalla.

This Countrey

both large and rich, containing not much lefs than one huru
dred and thirty Leagues, both in length and breadth
and if it yields any thing to
;
(Peru in the plenty of Gold and Silver, 'tis certain it much excels
it in many
is

Natur

Cpu

other

Commodities
Corn and Grain
ru,

but of all

namely, in

as

of Fruits, abundance ofCattel, plenty of

in all which, the advantage this Countrey hath, not only
of fp.
the other Provinces of America befide, is well known
Not to fpeak
.

all forts

any thing of the great plenty and variety of good Fifli, which both the Rivers and
Lakes of this Countrey afford, which is very great; infomuch, that the very
Tribute of the one Lake of Mexico is faid to yield an Income of above twenty
thoufand

Crowns yearly, one with another.

The People of the Countrey are generally Induftrious and Active, efpecially
fince the Spaniards came among them
rich Merchants, if they apply themfelves to
it; and they fay likewifegood Soldiers, when they are
tram d and imploy'd that
;

way.

The

Towns

and places of the Province are, i. Mexico, both anciently and

at prefent, the Metropolis and Capital City
being the Seat of an Archbifhop, and
the ordinary Residence of the Vice-Roy, and chief Governors
of $s(eTt>-Spam,
This City, by the Indians was formerly call'd Tenuftatan, lies in nineteen Degrees
and a half to the Northward of the EquinocliaWne , rais'd out of a brackifh Lake,
full of muddy Water
whofe circumference ^long the Mountains is feventy
Leagues i This Lake fwarms continually with Boats, which carry the People
to
and again from one inhabited Ifland to another
four Stone-bridges, no lefs coftchief

Chief Towns
of Mexicans.

of the

Mexico

".

ly than artificial,

with Arches and Gates in feveral places, lead from the City to
the Main Continent.

The

Water which they have in the City Mexico, is led into the fame through
Pipes that lie in the bottom of the Lake; but none are to enjoy
the benefit thereof,
before they have paid a certain Sum of Money to the
King's Collectors.
Moreover, the City divided into Iflands, contains above fixty thoufand Houfes,
frefh

which being built on feveral Ifles,have large Bridges,which reach from one to
another
fome that lie in the middle of the Lake, they approach in little Boats; round
;

about the Lake, efpecially where the

lie

feyeral

Suburbs

all inclos'd

way

from the Continent into the City,

between which ftand ftrong Towers,

leads

with Walls

on the top To keep off the force of the Water, the lenuftatans have with
great labor and charge,made a Bank through
the Lake,half way along the City: But
the Lake Laguna, from whofe bottom
Mexico is rais'd, is divided in two parts
cover'd

the

which ishighcr than the Salt, falls in to the fame through Sluces, with
Bridges built on the Bank that leads
from the City to the main Land
The Saltlake, which hath brackifh and bitter
Water, ebbs and flows according as the Wind
blows; no Fifli is able to live in the fame,
becaufe the Water which in the fight
Sweet Lake,

M Mexico

falls

Bong

more, much

the

into the fame out of the Mountains, hath a

fulphury

All
Ground
Citizens drive a great Trade
:

made, with which the

rhere are continually above a hundred
thoufand Boats (by the Indians call'd Acales,
ind by the Spaniards .Canoos) going
offand on from one fhore to another : The frefh
^ater Lake, which is bigger than the
fait, and feeds fmall Fillies , hath above fif.
Salt

is

'

H4-

a M E 'KI C

Chap. V,

A.

and others ten

which, fomeboaft five thoufand,
of
fame,
the
about
tybubamsa
ty Suburbs
in former times was no way inferior
;o

m^e'fsr
S
many

fince

1 ** ** * ***

^^ ^^

Streets.
Moats, co inlargc their narrow
of Provifions
every open place affords all forts
BefiYe. three publick Markets,
he firft
the Spaniards ,T>ng ue^
T,,
Markets
ftly, and
the
fcfijcall
the
daily
in the midwith Galleries on three fides
in Tntelnko, adorn'd
,

no
P

a d chiefeft ftands

ftands next to t e
the biggeft in the World,
accounted
d e of is
Wee k p, d d
the Tents wh ich are every
a ftately Fountain
Execution,
of
ce
p.
d
Th fecond Mark
1
to above thirty thoufand
up here for Trade, amount
thud is call d
fwarms continually with People. The
and
Mexico,
in
is
St Uns
whither every Wednefday and Thurfrom the cJdian-Saint of the City,

Square, which

is

%Z
Z

omes fuch

them

for the fale of every

Suit,

thoufand
The Temperature of the
Air.

which lie near the fhore.

to be difpos'd of in Boats,
St.Mana la^tonda,
at prefent call'd St. John,
City,
the
of
corners
the four
Families, and thirty
ate above'four thoufand

Packs'are

At

is too little for.

that this foacious Market
but great
Commodity , a peculiar corner ,s allotted ,

a multitude of People

left

Z ta0*

!&,

befides

**?

what inhabit

Tatelulco,

now

St. faff.

day time, the Sky is generally Sc

The Air
Rain, of which the Mountain
againft the Evening brings
Wind
North
the
rene
^iilyi-gaUtdelip.elKyond the City gives
to be "own from
the top thereof, it is certain
on
appears
Cloud
black
when a
a Star-light Night,
After a moift Evening follows
:
thence over Mexuo with Rain
dry Weather here,
September till May, it is generally
and a pleafant Morning From
Storm , which occafions
is attended with a
Rain
the
Rain
to
,
chances
but if u
cannot diunwholfom, and fo dark , that one Man
a fulphurous Fogg, very
Death it
through all the Limb, nay fomeumes
pain
a
caufJs
and
Lmanother,
one keeps clofe in h,s Houfe, or
"
it approaches, every
whenfoe're
wherefore,
felf
in this place

is

very ftrange

in the

JJ^^

^o^^isTonhy of obfervation,
its
fl"

his Defcri-

ption of

Mexico.

ftrangely this City

and efpecially
bein* Conquer'd by the Spaniards,
'
alteration by

is

Anno ,6ao

when

B**h

mlghcy Deluge which

Hernande Uon, is thus fet forth:

wTby a

Jefuite
J
Bruttfo Caho

how

CO.,

altefd fince
it

was over-

a Letter to the

c. v . ntv
feventy
high Mountains, hat
between
Valley
a
in
lying
Mexico; fays he,
part inutj
being Oval, is for the moft
Leagues in circumference : The Valley
only
digg
after them the Shards have.
fperld with Lakes, which the

Wi^and

to

and to top the Water-falls^ there aj

The Flood before Mextcalanp flows
to the Northwa d hav
Mexuo. The four other Lakes

Lake which wafoes

Banks and Sluces every where
the

is

natural

***

a half higher than before

much more Water rhan the MexUalang o

c.hers
of which, fome haye frarce foui,

reckons
as Mexicans Lake
, when
but three Leagues in circumference
fuffer d g
the Banks, Jfa*. hath often
and Mexico's fixteen. On the breaking of
make a yen fo,
fdefco took fpecial care to
V.ee-Roy
the
wherefore
damage,
whereupon the Counttey bemg Sq
,
Mountains
loweft
the
through
Water
the
was found to be the no
the Village Gueg uenoca ,
vey'd, the Northern Coaft near
Surveyors coul
letting the Water out, the
of
manner
the
about
But
convenient.
into which h
of opinion to dig Channels
were
them
of
moft
.
agree
ways
no
a Gutter unde,
others, thought beft to make
Waters
their
(charge
d
LakT might
fifteen

ou:IT which

rers

laftV^putinhand

who under-mmd

the

with

^^^J^

Ground, were choak'd with

the falling

of the Sand

"hap. V.

M ET^l

<lA

C A.

with the fulphurous Vapors rifing out of the Earth Neverthelefs, they
rave not over the Work, though they began it quite another way, for a Frenchman,
>r (lifted

deepen the River

;aird Henry Martin, advis'd to

and by that means make

Laguna,

3ver-charg'd Waters

was put

in practice

Which defign,though

contradicted by the Jefuit John Sanche^

aver for

Vice-Roy

who judg'd

the

time To much, that

a fhort

fell in

to the Cliff El Tonnel, lying a

League from the City

where-

Work, till fuch time a.sCo?ide de Getues came

Charge to be unneceffary nay Commanded

they continually labour'd on this

Fore

into the

falls

Bay, into which the Laguna mi^ht pour her

by which means the Water

walk dry

:hey could

it

which

Quaiotitlan,

be broken down, which ftopt the Water along the Silver Mines of
Pachuca, that he might fee exactly how much it would over-flow Mexico
After
:he Ditches to

flow'd.

which the Flood role yearly higher and higher

Kain falling, iwole the Laguna

till

at lad,

Anno 1620. a mighty

manner, that it over-whelm'd all Mexico

wafh'd down the Houfes, all Merchandizes which could not endure the Water
were fpoil'd, and had not they had innumerable Boats to help them, thoufands of
People might have perifli'd in this Deluge: But at lad, Henry Martin reftor'd
igain the fore-mention'd

which

fell

down

in fuch a

Channel

former Perfection, and brought the Flood

out of the Mountains within the Banks of the River.
to

its

Quantitlandiggd alfo a Channel of eight thoufand

\rch'd Sewer under

Ground of the fame length

Fathom

made an
every two

long, and

which Sewer hath

at

lundred Fathoms diftance, Vent*holes,and a hole of fixty Fathom deep, and by this
neans, diverting abundance of Water, they dry'd Mexico in a fliort time : When the

3anks and Streets began no fooner to appear, but they

fell

work

to

to raife the

Ground, and to lay Bridges, and alfo to build more Boats. The Citizens likevile found it convenient to make another deep Sewer for the carrying away of

nore Water, notwithstanding

manner runs through

bridge, with

it

The

required twenty years labor.

the middle of the City,

River, which in

curb'd by a Wall

is

a crooked

many

Arches, and of a long extent, leads to the City, in which (land

nany brave Palaces, with pleafant Walks of Trees about them the Cloyfters of

Stately Pala
ces.

everal Orders of Fryers, appear with high Spires and Turrets, above all other
Buildings.

The

Francifcans

have here four very fumptuous Buildings

The

firft,Confecrated And

uppermoft part of Mexico, within a large fquare Court,

md on each a pleafant Walk of Trees The Cloyfter it felf is very high, and treble Wall'd , with Towers and Galleries about it
In the middle of the City

:o

St. Francis, [lands in the

lands another Tower'd-Cioyfter, call'd

:

rom

it,

The

which being

The

built long, hath a (lately Turret,

fourth, not far

from

>elongto the Francifcans.

The

la.

JW

St.

third lies a little diftance

and

is

call'd Maria de

much fmaller, is nam'd San

Monks are alfo no way inferior

^odon-

the fird, but

Diego

Auguftin

to the Fran-

thefe

Means, for magnificent Structures, with fpacious Halls, high

Towers, and rich

balconies
The fird is denominated from St. Auguftine, juft behind which appears
San <Pabla, lefs (lately than the reft. St. Sebaftian, near the Laguna, is built in
manner
ike a Church, whofe Tower ends like a Pyramid. The Cloyfter San Cru%, belong*
:

jjlg

alfo to the Jugiiftinesj built fquare,

which flands a ftately Fountain:

(lands near the Market,

The Court within

imazes the beholders by thepleafantnefs of

its

iituation.
;

Dominic,

eight fquare

the chiefeft Dedicated to

adjoyning a pretty large Church, with a

The fecond, which (lands on one fide of St. Jaro. and confifts of three fe*
is

Steeple

whjch

middle of

inviron'd with thick Walls,

Moreover, the Dominicans inhabit two brave Cloyfters

5t.

in the

feral Structures,

is

to

is

call'd Collegio de forta Cdi.

Oppofite to

St.

Jago,

near the great

Market,

Mena-

fteries,

MER

z.\.6

the Jefutts have a {lately Colledge

Market

brouaht up

in the Latin

I C

'

Chap. V.
many a

or High-School, where

and Greek Tongues, whence

it is

call'd, Cafa Trofejfa Les

EJludios.

Cloyfters belonging to the

Menhjoi L*

There is alio another Habitation of Religious Men, call'd Illefonfe Sanna'N.oViciad,

which for State, may vie with any Royal Palace.
The Monks of La Merced dwell in two Cloyfters , both Confecrated to the Viryet Sirnam'd Montferatte, and Carnul

gin Mary,

The

firh

lying not far from the

Mtreei.

mean Structure,
whofe Temple appears above

River,

is

in

uppermoft Tower of
he upper part of Mexico near

comparifon to the lad

other Buildings, in

all

the

the Cloyfler of St. Francis.

The Women have

Womens

alfo fourteen Cloyfters here,

whereof is Dedica-

the chiefeft

Cloyiters.

ted to Catharine of Siena

an Imperial Palace

much more

but

famous

Santa Ines

Jefm>Mar'ui

tffyal

de

los

Hofpitals, vizj de Dios,

and

to,

Indios,

Gardens, and round Fountain, which

fhall onely

name,

and

Amor

Senora del

Juan

de Doys, dz

Conceptione

There

The

three chief Churches bear the

li,

Refidence of the Vice-Roy which

fumptuous

isfo

bifhop's Seat.

a Structure, that

it

lies

may

Name

of

Catharine,

near the Dominican Cloyfter, Torto

Coz*

ftand in competition with any of thofe

of him that inhabits the

The gallantry
o( Mexican
this

day.

Tbilipp'mas.

neverthelefs,

it is

not to be

a Theatre,

exBi

Galicia, Chiapa, Yucatan, Guatimala, Ve-

This marvellous Structure was begun by Ferdinand

(forte*

and not much inferior

there-

fius,

but was finifh'd by Sehaflian %amires de Fuenleal

unto

is

At

whofe Lufter
fame, he being Governor of the

{hopricks of Fafcala, Guaxaca, Mechaocan, "New

and the

Mar*
Pa-

which were fo much cry'd up by the Ancients

compared to the Arch-bifhop's Seat, built round like

rapa^,

befidesthc

ftately

Edifices

prefles the Quality

Te-

Mtfericordia, dej'an Hippoli*

la

and Vera Cru^; and the Clergy*men thereto belonging, enjoy many
laces, amongft which are Juan de Later an, de Chrifto, and las Ntias.
Roy's Palace
and Arch-

la

are likewife eight

tin,

The Vice-

La Encar-

are

Las Des-calcas, Santa Clara, Juan de

ISloflra

del Spiritu Santo,

The

de fan La^aro.

that of Santa Terefa, built like

^ocogidas , Jeronymo,

las

and

is

which we

reft,

Laurenfo

mtentia,%eoinaC&li, SantaMonica,

Almfhoufes,

ftately

its

The

continually fpouts Water.

nacio

for

fplendid

the Cafa de Cab'ddo Alameda.

prefent, Mexico

abounding

(if reports

even to excefs

It is

is

thought to be one of the richeft Cities of the World,

be true) in

all

kind of voluptuous gallantry and bravery,

fuppos'd to contain about

fix

or (even Miles in compafs, and

to confift of above an hundred thoufand Houfes or Families, whereof not the tenth
part Spaniards, but thofe that are,

manner of living- for^hey

live

all

Gentlemen,

moft iplendidly

at

garb and

leaft as to their

in all refpects,

both for Diet and

Apparel.

For the
in the

to be

firft,

we have fpoken

fo

much

Kingdom of IS^e^-Spain, that

doubted
And for the fecond
:

already of the general plenty of all things

pertain to this part of pleafure, that

may

this

be fome inftance, Yi^. that

it is

not

no

ex-

it is

fome ordinary
Gentlemans Hat and of Pearl among; the common Citizens and Tradefmen.
The Coaches (which moft Gentlemen keep) almoft covered with Gold and Silver,
richly beiet with Precious Stones, and within ordinarily lin'd with Cloth of Gold,
or the beft China Silk that can be gotten
of which Coaches, in time of year, at the
Alameda, as they call it, which is, as it were, The Hidc^Park of Mexico, and a place

traordinary matter to fee an Hat-band or Role

all

of Diamonds,

in

made of purpofe for recreation and delight, a Man fhall obferve not leldom, above
a thoufand or two thoufand Coaches^ full of Ladies and Gallants coming thither
onely ro take the Air, and their Pleafure, both rhe one and the other attended with
a numerous Train of Servants and Mulattoes of both Sexes.

In

Li

flatcna,

which

is

but

V.

J'liap.

ME R

I C A.

2,

onely one Street in Mexico, nigh to the Vice-Roy's Palace, in

It

with the turn of an Eye, you

>urs fpace-:

word, there

fee Millions of.

than half an

Wealth

in Gold;,

Goldfmiths and Jewellers Shops thereaboutSo

nothing hinders Mexico from being the moft abfolute City in

and Precious Stones,

lver,

may

Jefs

is

in the

eWorld for delight and bravery, but onely two Inconveniences to which it is
The one is the danger of the Lake, with the Infalls Whereof it may feeni
bject
:

be almoft continually threatn\ed,and in the Year i6zo. did actually fufFer a very
eat calamity, the Waters breaking through the Banks, and drowning a great

of the City, with the deftruction of much People, and the

,rt

oods intirely, through the avarice

fome other of the King's

id

who

diverted the

Money

that fliould have

employed for the fortifying and repairing of the Banks, to their

:en

The

all their

of the Vice-Roy that then was,

(as isfuppos'd)

Officers,

of

lofs

own

proper

from the nature of the Soil and Ground it felf on which it

mdeth which is found to have a tincture of Sal Nitre in it, fomewhat ftrong 5
id the Winds partly from the Lake it felf, and partly from the Hills about it, rai*
lg the Duft of this Earth conftantly every Evening, for many Moneths of the
es

other

is

ear together, To violently, that the Air

much annoy'd by

he Inhabitants are

it,

is

even darkned therewith for fome time

and made fubje&to divers Hypocondria*

Pains and Infirmities, and fometimes kill'd with

nnot,or care not

The

much

to avoid

efpecially fuch as either

it ?

it.

City lieth about fixty Leagues, or a hundred and

e Jtlantick

North

or

Sea,

from whence by the Port of

fifty

St.

Miles diftant from

John d' Uflua, or Vera

(which are the ufual Landing-places) there is a fair and cafie March to Mexico^
the Cities of Xalabar, Terotta, Tuebla de los Jngelos, and TtafcalU, all of them open

ux,
r

id unfortifi'd

Places, (as likewife Mexico

ry rich and well

The
I

and the Countrey round about

all things.

next City of note in ancient times was Qndula, which being built in a fruit-

Plain, had

above twenty thoufand Dwelling-houfes, and

iettinghoufes.

the days in the

'

accommodated with

it felf)

as

The number of the Temples and Turrets were equal with that
Year
The Government thereof belonged to a Mayor and fix
:

Idermen, and one chief Prieftj for they never went upon the
ey had been at their Devotion

in
5

which the PriefFs

irfume the Idols four times in twenty four hours, vi^,

and

many more Ban*

Midnight

leaft

Defign before

was onely to
Mornings at Noon^

Office

m the

which times none durft be abfent, but they us'd

fo a cruel Exercife on themfelves, and one much more cruel on others, for on
rial Feaft-daysthey abftain'd from Meat, Drink, and Sleep, fcourg'd their Bodies
ith knotted Cords after a miferable manner, evacuated their Seed, that fo they
ter Sunfet,

at

ight curb all fleflily Defires,

ng

down

they

at

and met every Night

wounded themfelves with Lances

where

in a fpacious place,

in their

fit-

Legs and Arms, fo long

Blood gufh'd out of the fame which gathering in a Cup, they anointed
leir Temples therewith, and dipt the Lances in the fame, and then hung them up
;fore the Temple in Bundles of Straw. Of thefe were a great number, and the
II

the

lore,

ere

becaufe they never us'd their Lances but once.

Confecrated to the Idol Tesgatlipuca, every one belldes the Priefts wore a

ope made of the

ith
ive

But on thefe Days, which

Hemp Mangey,

of a Fathom long, and a thick Knot

at the

new
end,

which they beat themfelves fo miferably on their Backs, as if they intended

broken them
After which the Priefts ftay'd five days in the Temple,
:

to
in

hich they us'd the like cruelty, eating fcarce once in twenty four hours.

Their Prifoners they us'd after a moft horrid manner, Yi^. in their Temples
}od a round Stage of Scone j to the top of which they afcendecl by a Square Scaffold

city **/*&.

aME
fold, fiipported

XI

C A.

Chap.\

by twenty eight Pillars

behind which appear'd thoufands of Mer

Heads, and amongft them the Prifoners that were to be Offer'd fat ftark nakec
and guarded by feveral Armed Men
three Foot from the Steps which led up
;

the top of the Scaffold

caiii)

and behind

it

flood a pyramidical Stone,

by the

Indians call'd

Quaux

two round Chappels,

covered on the top like Mitres, each ha

in which fat a horrid Reprefentation, worfhipp'd
b

four Holes in a large Gate,

fix Priefts call'd Chackalmua,

whereof one

call'd Tapas, or lopil^in,

whofe

Office

wi

to pluck out the Hearts of the Prifoners, being in greateft efteem,

wore a red Mar

his Body, not unlike a long Coat, with broad Fringe,
which trail'd a
ter him upon the Ground, and alio a Crown of green and
yellow Plumes on h
Head; his Ears and under Lip were like wife adorn'd with Precious Stones: Th
other five appear'd in like manner with their Hands and Faces painted
red, but hi
about

tie

ving Leathern

Fafcia's

their Bodies, they

might

down

ran
This

their

Heads

and white Coats

made of filedo

on

with Black o

who on

a fudde

them an Image, (faying

Mai^ and Honey, green Beads for Eyes, an

Teeth: whereupon the Prifoners were led up, and laid wit

Grains of Mai^ for

their Backs

ftitch'd

be diftinguiffi'd from the Topilzjn-

eafily

the Stairs to the Prifoners, and ffiew'd each of

your God)

is

about

Pafte,

the (harp Stone -Quauxicalli

then the five Priefts took hold of thei

Collars about the Sufferer's Necks, whil;
\

Leggs, Arms and Head, put woodden

the To/dim iliew'd Reverence to the Idol
which done, with a fharp Stone he ci
open the Breafts of the Prifoners, who in a deplorable condition lay on the pyrs
midical Stone, and pulling their Hearts out of their Bodies, fhew'd the fame reek
ing to the Sun, and at laft threw them toward the Idol, and the dead Bodies
dow:
the Stairs, where fome appointed for that purpofe carried the fame away
but eve
ry one taking his own Prifoner, and roafting and boyling him, ferv'd
him up to hi
5

Friends as a great Dainty,

This kind of Murdering was not onely us'd amongft the Mexicans, but alfo by al
the other neighboring Indians, and efpecially in the City Chulula,
which (as we hav
faid before)

fignifies

The Sanity of

all

the

Gods

for in this

Town

fix

thoujam

Children were yearly Offer'd.

The

Citizens hereof us'd to drive'a great Trade, efpecially in Codimle.

Their Habits were feveral for Perfons of Note wore Cotton Coats, about th
Edges of which hung Feathers and pieces ofConyskins
the meaner fort went ii
Nequons, or a fort of Linnen Coats made of the hairy Leaves of the Tree
Maguey.
.

fait

The

CityTezUco, full of handfom Streets and fair Houfes,

Mexican Lake, yet hath no want of frefii Water, with which

3.

is

built near th

it is

fupply'd

Gutters from the Mountains under Ground, according to Anthony Herrera,

exceedcth in bignefs the famous City Spill in Spain.
4. Quitlavaca, by the Spaniards call'd Venezuela,

rounded with Water, and divided into feveral

thoufand Families

League long,

From

the

Town

(becaufe

Iiles,)

it

is,

it

bi

twici

like Venice, fur

boafted formerly above tw<

Cawfey of twenty Foot

the Main Continent.

broad,'

and half

through the Lake to

5. Tztacpalapa, a very populous Place, and lying part of it in the fait
Lake, anc
partly on the Main Land
where feveral frefh-water Pools afford ftore of Fifii
two Leagues diftant from Mexico, to which leads a broad Way in the middle oi
leads

which (lands

a Fountain, furrounded with high Trees,

which produces excellem

Water.
Mexkah^ingo, fituate upon the Lake Laguna, a
fand ftately Houfes.
<5.

7.

imw

Town

confiding of four thou-

Qayocan, in a fruitful Plain, containing fix thoufand, being but a

League anc

Chap. V.
a,.

tA

half from Y&cpalapa

much

M E %^I C

which the neighboring Village BoucllopucU

was

to

not-

inferior.

Theic three Places, before they were fubdu'd by the Spaniards,

boafted
brave Temples and high Towers, whofe luftre appeared
at a
.

many

great diftance but

being tum'd into Cloyfters, they are inhabited by
Monks and Nuns.
The Salt made here of Earth, though not white, and onely fit to
make Pickle of?

now

many

Tranfported to

is

Places.

About Mexico
a

Jhtlan,

moft

Town

there are alfo feveral Villages, the chiefeft

of which are t. A&. ft 6li
pleaiant Vil<
pleafantly feated upon the top of an huge
Mountain, in the midft of lage* pbotxi

Groves and fhady Woods, and reckoned to contain no

lefs than thirty
thoufand Inhabitants in all, dwelling either in the City,
or upon the fides of the
Mountain.
delicate

Jntepecque

2.

the Poller ity

this is a

Mexico.

Town

belonging to the Marquefs de Valle,

who is of
of Corte^ and faid to be feated in the moft
delicious place of all
i

Mm

Spain.

Jcapulco, a

;.

Town

;ng to this Province.

upon the South-Sea, or Man del Zur, yet be

haven-Town, and one of the moft frequented

feated

It is

W-

upon

South-Sea, fituate upon a large and capacious Bay

of about a league b ul as
he Entrance, and affording many convenient Stations
and Docks for Shrobir

:he

bottom of the Bay Weftward

\t the

,ortunely bu.lt, both for the

lieth the

command

Town,

with a ftrong Caftle very "op.

and fecurity of the Port, well wall'd and

d with Bulwarks, and having a conftant

Garrifon of four hundred Soldiersn it, or thereabouts. The reafon whereof, I fuppofe,
may be chiefly this, viz. that
torn this Port there is the greateft Traffick
and Entercourfe held betwixt the Ea(l
.nd WeH-Indies, together with the fhdippine
Wands.
ort.fi

The Countrey

hath

many

rich

Mynes of

Silver in it, and fome of Gold i the

by Herera reported to be thefe, ** j.Thofe
ofPuchuca foureen Leagues diftant from Mex.co. z. Of Ta/co.
.Talpuiana. 4. Cukepeaue. 5. Zacu.
3
Ipa* 6. Zupanguoj and divers others.
(

nief of which are

The

of the Villages are

reft

Guatitlau, Tenyauca, Efcapufalco, Taenia,

Mjujm

and S-

bimilco.

The

neighboring Province Xdotepuk, which is exceeding

fruitful, is alfe famous
two Fountains, whereof one near the Village Queretaro
produces boyline Water *"""**

:>r

rhich

when

cool'd,

is

wholfom Drink

for Cartel

of Water, and for four years after it is empty

uite dry, and in droughty Weather
it overflows.

jll

Between

The

other for four years

in great rainy Seafons

is

it is

the Villages Queretaro and San

Juan,

is a Plain which extends

it felf feveti
and feven in length, befides twoLeagt.es farther
beyond Quarhundred thoufand Head of Cartel, and ten
thoufand Horfes, find

-eagues in breadth,
ro,

where a

lentiful Pafture*

The Mountain

Nevada, near the City Delos Angeks, deferves no

fmall admira- **'*&>
it begins at thirty
Leagues end to rife exceeding high, and being
;
2,"
svadd.
flat on
top, hath a wide gaping Mouth,
whofe bottom is fathomlefs -

on
ie

for

..n.rifing

ter

and feting

fpread.ng like

tore leen till

from which

at

Smoak up direftly towards the Skie, out immediately

a Plume of Feathers, it is difpers'd by
the Wind,
rifes a

and no

appears in a dusky Cloud. With the Smoak

are alfo Afhes vomited
yet
the
Mountain
is
very
pleafantly planted with lofty Cyprefs,
? ;
Cedar.Oak,
e
nd
hborin
Fiel
ds abound likewife with Wheat, Cotton,

^,"'
g
j ,r"
id
Mai%. There feldom appears any
Rain here.
At the Foot of this Mountain lies the
Village fepecco, famofts for the Cryftal
it

'

tA

2JO

ME%

Chap. V.

A.

fame : But
Village Ocotlan is alfo maintain'd by the
and Allom gotten there. The
Lands, which are twice a year fhaken by
TuculM by Gold-M.nes, and fruitful
live not in Stone Houfes, but in little
Earthquakes , wherefore the Inhabitants

...
Straw Huts.
had, and on the Mountain
be
to
Sugar
excellent
Neradais
South.Eaftward from
which drops out of a Tree call'd Jetmba, which is alit felf the famous Gum
pale yellow fpeckled Bark three long loft
ways green, with hard white Wood, a
one Stalk, and the Fruit on the middle of the
Leaves hanging one over another on
OElokr, then they cut a Hole in the Body
Body. After the rainy Seafon is paft in
drops: it hath apleafant fmell, and is exceedof the Tree, out of which the Gum
occafion'd by Colds.
ing good againft the Head-ache
ingo and At Komfam, which have
Not far from hence appears the Valleys MatalK
* ^margo bred forty thoufand Sheep out
excellent Paftures, in which Vug*

Mm,

Mmz

of two

And

in ten years time.

thefe are the chiefeft

idut Familv of t he

"&

r
,
f_
the feventh
That
ConcerningtheereaingofthisCity,theI^relatethus:
rangd up and
Extracted out of the Countrey Aztlan,

famous City Mexico.

Thc

Towns, Villages, and Countreys, which furround the

'

Kavatlacas,

from one Countrey to another,

not without thoufands of Inconveniences,
Sages had given their Spirit Vr UfutU,
according to the Information which their

down

tillat laft

from the Army, or rather Muk.tude,got into

at length to a Place where
of Brambles and Thorns, and came
which the Fiflies glitter'd like Silver , where ta-

fomeof the

aWildernefs,

full

Priefts ftraying

was a Spring of cleat Water, in

in a
Spirit inform'd the oldeft of them
king up their repofethat Night, their
Tree (whofe Leaves grow out of
Dream, that they fl.ould find thereabouts a Tmal
Heart of the famous Sorcerer
one another) under which, on a Stone,lay the
on the top of it, which in one
This Tumi Tree (liould be difcover'd by a Crane
Bough of the Tree, near which they
Foot fliould hold a Bird, and in the other a
one
The old Prieft waking, and relating his Dream, every

were to build a City

at laft they found it by difcoverendeavor'd to find out the fore-mention'd Tree ,

Wings looking up towards the Sun, and
ing on the top a Crane, with fpread-out

with curious Feathers Whereupon

holding to his Claws a fmall Bird, invefted
Turf and Clods of Earth, and cover d the
they with all fpeed built a Chappel of
Weather, refolving, fo foon as they
fame with Canes, to keep their Idol from the
:

him a better Temple.

and Fowls, which they
The Lake on whofe Ifles they fetled, abounded withFifh

could, to build

Mortar for the building of a

exchanged with the neighboring People for Stone and
a Cawfey in the Eak<
Temple for Fitf/tfwfc&and a new City j to which they made
Divifions, and fubdiv.ded them
LaguL, and divided it into four great Wards or
and order da Crane like
over which they plac'd peculiar Idols,
again into leffer
be their City Arms. The d.viding
that which they had feen on the Tunal Tree to
Grandees, judging thole to whole
of the Wards occafion'd great diflikeamongft the
wherefore deferring the lame, and tralot they fell, not to be worthy of them ;
themfelves at laft in a fandy Soil, which
velling along the Lake Laguna, they fetled
.

hatred againft their Countrey-men

they call'd Tlatelhlco, and entertain'd a bitter
the milchiel they
Who kept the four Wards of the new Temftiun, doing them all
to chufe a King, that they might
could ; wherefore the Affaulted were neceffitated
But that they might not ra.fe a Diibe the' better aible to oppofe their Enemies :
Governor, they judg'd it fitted to take
content amongft themfelves about electing a
an Orhce as
they found none fo capable of fo great
whom
nongft
a Foreign

Jcanwpixty,

AMERICA

Chap. V.

Grand-fon to the King of Culhaacan

thither, they obtained their defires.

Acamapixtli,

The new King was no

But

this

their

growing Power and Valor.

The

tapunecans

whereupon fending Ambaffadors

fooner Crown'd, but he fettled

great Prudence, infomuch, that Mexico

fudden growth

25I

grew

rais'd a jealoufie

who were

daily to be

all

things in order with

more famous and

amongft the Neighbors,

who

fear'd

dreaded

alfo a valiant People, being the neareft to

them and
having A^capu^alco for their chief City, made it their main defign, utterly
to root
out the Mexicans, before they grew to be more Populous and Potent;
notwith*
(landing they had hitherto receiv'd Tribute from them, for delivering
the

Lake

Laguna to them, which was a quantity of Timber and Plants

j yet they demanded
not only more Tribute than formerly, but alfo in fuch a manner, as
was thought
impo/Tible to have been performed, which was, that thofe
Plants which were formerly brought to them, as growing on the Land, mould be fet in the
Water, foas
to come floating to them, as they grew, to Afcapu alco, which if
they did not pay,
K
they (hould expert to be all put to the Sword. The Mexicans
much amazed
hereat,

and not knowing how

produce the demanded Plants Viztliputzli inform'd the

oldeft Pried, that the demands might be fatisfi'd, and commanded
him to throw
Earth on the Water, and to Sow Seed on the fame, which at the ufual
time produced
to

Maiz, J*j, Chias, tomates, and the like, with which the Tapunecans being
fatisfi'd, demand next a Goofe, and a Hen which laid Eggs, out of which the young
ones
mould appear, when on the floating Clods of Earth, the Nefts came
oppofite to
A^capu^alco, which by the advice of Fhgliputzfi, they performed
fifty years one after
another.

Mean

while, Jcamapixtli

(who had inlarg d Mexico with Streets, Palaces,

Temples, and Markets) dying, would not name any one to fucceed
him, but left
the choice of the Election to the Commonalty, who
Crown'd his Son VitziloVitli,
and Marry'd him to the King of tapunecans Daughter, that by
that means they
might gain

his friendfhip,

and be eas'd of their Grange Annual Tribute

Whereupon Jyaucbigual, the King of tapunecans Daughter being Marry'd to
Vit^iloVitli,^^
within twelve Moneths deliver'd of a Son
which the Grand-father
:

call'd Chi-

malpopoca,

two
that

which

Geefe, and

ilgnifies

fome

A Gun T&hich gives

Fifh yearly

Crown'd King, with

den Sword in the right
Soon
:

Mexicans,

was

fatisfi'd

with

from the Mexicans, onely as an Acknowledgment

they inhabited his Countrey.

year was

Smoke, and afterwards

Chimalpopoca loofing his Parents,

Bowe and Arrows

in his left

in his tenth

Hand, and a Wood-

after he oblig'd his

Mothers Father to be kind to the

Water, he had leave by Channels

for they being in great

want for frefli

to bring the fame out of the Mountain Chapultepec,
a League diftant from Mexico .
to which purpofe they made a Pipe of Planks,
and hollow Trees joyn'd together with Clay, quite through the Lake
but this Pipe not being teight and durable, and the frefli Water by that means mixing
with the Salt,they fent Agents to J#
;

capu Kalco, to requeft Stones,

Mortar, and Work-men to make a fubflantial Sewer 5

refented by the Council of A^capu^lco
Mat, (faid they) do

This meffage was ill

the Mexicans think,
frail
Countrey,

Command

a rambling company of People,

thofe that

Govern them

which on Charity

lm

in another

?
This grudge went fo far,
took a Refolution without the King's knowledge,
(for he was fufpeded, becaufe of his Grand-chil'd Qhimalpopoca) to
forbid all manner of Trade
with the Mexicans- nay, to endeavor utterly to root
them out yet fome judged,
that they ought to fpare Chimalpopoca,
while others on the

to be their

Servants

that at laft they

contrary faid

mght

to be

deftroyd, becaufe his Father being a

lefend his People

which

laft
ft

Mexican,

being approved

of, fo

_gmns

That he

he would to the utmofl of his

Power

troubled the King of the Tapune*

c

Proceedings

cans*

between the
Tapuutfa's

and Mtxu
(MS.

A
cans, that

he dy'd of grief

M E %^I C

Chap. V.

J.

for the Defign being foon after put into execution,

and

Palace, Murder'd him ;

the Tapunecas breaking in the Night into Cbimalpopocas
whereupon, fetting themwhich Murder made the Mexicans thirft for revenge
-

wholly againft the Tapunecans, they enter'd into a League with Fe^cuco, and
with (landing
Culbuacan, and ch o fe l^coalt, for his great Valor , for their King; not
felves

Jcamapixtli
Izcealti fucceft againik

thiTaPJneats.

had begotten him on a Slave.

was no fooner Crown'd,but he made great preparation for a War,though

yet it
againft every ones Opinion, becaufe of the Populoufnefs of the Tapunecans 5
was concluded on, that they fhould requeft Peace, and a place to inhabit on the
main Continent, that fo they might remove from the Ifles This Requeft they
Izcoak

brought
thought could not be deny'd them in J^capu^alco, provided the Mexicans
to the manners of the Taputheir Gods thither , and wholly conform'd themfelves
Yet though eveutter Ruine
necans, for otherwife they could expecl; nothing but
oppos'd it,
ry one elfe imbrae'd the Propofal, Tlacaellel, the King's Nephew, ftiffly
fo mean and flaalleging, that it did not agree with the Mexicans quality, to make
and that they had beft confider , firft if there were no other means
vifh a Proffer
:

and that he would willingly venture his Life in going to A^capu^alay,

which was perform'd acas a Spie, to pry into their whole Defigns and Intentions,
and foon after returning, he brought information, that the Tapunecans
cordingly
were making great preparations for War, and made no mention at all of Peace ;
to be found

which news ftruck a general fear into all Peoples Hearts many defiring that they
might fave themfelves by flight but I^coalt putting frefli courage into them, made
an agreement with the People, that if he was beaten by the Tapunecans, they fhould
.

him up

eat

but

if

he prov'd Conqueror, they

mould

all

be at his

Command

to
;

confenting, they boldly march'd with their King to the City J^capu^alco.
Front of the Army confifting of the prime Nobility, was led by Tlawellel, and

which

The

all

who was alio to give the fign on a Drum, when they

Enemies who having ten Men to the Mexicans one, fuddenly

the Rear I^coalt brought up,

fhould

fall

upon

the

Sally'd out of the Gates,

where they were

fo briskly entertain'd

by

Tlacaellel,

that

manner they foon ran back into the City, whither the Conqueror
purfuing them, got within the Gates, where he put all to the Sword which he
could meet with fome fled to a fteep neighboring Mountain whither being alio
follow'd, they threw down their Arms, and begg'd Quarter, to ferve the Mexicans
in a confus'd

which was granted them, whilft I^coalt found an unvaluable Mafs of

Treafure in J%capu^alco, and diftributed the Conquer'd Countrey amongft thofe
who had behav'd themfelves beft.
This Conqueft made the neighboring People jealous of the Mexicans, whofe Sucas Slaves,

and growing Power they dreaded.

The Towns Tacuba and Quyoacan, though they had Governors of their own, yet

cefs

were

fubjeel: to the Tapunecans,

whofe General advifing thofe of A^capu^alco to

try an-

came to a Battel, the

Quyoacans play'd a fubtile trick with the Mexicans^ox inviting them to an Idolatrous
on WoFeaft, after they had Eat, Drunk, and Danc'd, they fore'd them to put
mens Apparel, to their no fmall difgrace and ignomy which remain'd not unre-

other Encounter, they took up

Arms

again

but before

it

vengd, for the Mexicans made a Poyfonous Fume in the Gates of Cuyoacan, which
made Women with Child to Mifcarry, and many to fall dangeroufly (ick yetlaft;

elfewhere inly, both Parties march'd into the Fields, where whilft I^coalt was
with iuch
gag'd, Tlacaeltel marching about, came upon the backs of the Qtyoacans
eagernefs, that they fled to a ftrong
Tlacaellel j

who

purfifd the

Enemy

Temple, which foon

after

was

fet

on

fire

by

ten Leagues.

This

ME

*A

Chap. V.

'

This Conquerl

up the

I C A.

'%_

255

Family otthcNayatlaca's, to flop

the proceedings of the Mexicans, that they might not, as they had already done to
others, fall upon them 5 to which purpofe they thought to furpriz'e the Conquer-

Army

ing

but

ftir'd

Tlacaellel

thimilcoSjkll refolutely

who

upon

Suchimilco s , the

fir ft

Van, march'd
whole Army, and

led the

their

in

good Order

to

meet the Su-

after a fliort conflict, put

them

and took the City Suchimilco ioil^coalt, who being Crown'd King there,
Commanded the Conquered to make a direct Road betwixt Suchimilco and Mexico
of four Leagues long, both, that a Trade might the eafier be drove between thefe
two Cities, and to keep them the better in awe: Notwithstanding thefe examto flight,

ples, CuytlaVac an ,a. City built at the

which
co

the Citizens

knew how

Lake Laguna,

trufting to the

to ufe with great dexterity

with them by Water, whereupon

Izcoalt refolv'd

abundance of Boats

daily molefted Mexi*

to fend his Victorious

Army

thi-

ther, but Tlacaellel oppofing the fame, promised to fubdue the Rebelling City with
a considerable number of Boys, which had skill in the manaoina of a Canoo which

being permitted him, he accordingly

whence

the

Boys brought

an Offering to

a great

made himfelf Mafter of

Booty, and divers Prifoners

CuytlaVacan

whom

from

they fent as

Vitzlipultzli.

Thefe unheard of Victories being fpread

ral Skirmifhes

and Conflicts with

and near, mov'd Te^cuco

far

Tlacaellel, to

fubmit to the Mexican King,

chofe the Governor thereof for his Prime Couneellor.

having Reign'd twelve years,

his

after feve-

T^coalt

Son Mutec^uma was chofen

Deceafing

his Succeffor

Tezcuco fubmits to the

who

Afexicatss.

after

the Ele-

ction and Coronation being perform'd after the following manner.

The new King mantled

Tygers Skins, was led into the chief Temple before a

Hearth, on which burnt Fire both Night and Day
not far from which flood the
Throne, where fitting down, he Offered Blood, which was taken from his Cheeks,
in

Coronation
m<t*

Ears, and Legs i>' after which, an Orator Congratulated him, in the name of the
Nobility 5 which done, they ended the Solemnity in a great Dinner, Fire*Works,

Dancing: At the fame time it was eftablifti'd, that all future Coronations
fliould be kept with an Offering of Provifions, fetched by the King out of the Enemies Countrey
wherefore Mutec^uma going to the Countrey Chalco, took feveral
of the Natives , whofe reaking Hearts he Offered to Vi^tlipu^tli
Which done, the
arid

Coronation follow'd, to which an innumerable company of People came flocking

from all the neighboring Provinces
Thofe which were Tributaries, brought
Prefents with them, before which the Heralds carry'd the Coats of Arms belonging to the Nobility of Mexico, "in a good order.
:

Soon

after the King's

Coronation, he march'd and

tants of which defended themfelves very Valiantly

among

feveral other Prifoners

whom

to

ment; which at firft he refus'd, but

high Maft fliould be ere&ed with a

at laft

the

fell
,

upon

Chalco, the

took Mutec^umas Brother,

Conquerors

proffer'd the

Mufezumas

Inhabi-

Brother'taken
Prifoner

by

thofe of Ghal*

Govern*

accepted of on this condition, that a

Scaffold

on the top, which made every one

fuppofe, that Mutec^uma's Brother did in that manner aim at a high Election, but
he at the appointed time, getting on the top of the Maft, call'd with a load voice,

and fpake to the taken Mexicans which were there prefent to

feeks tofet me on the Throne, the Heavens Will not permit
to live

and he guilty ofTreafon

forne Flowers

which
that

to

which he held

fo inrag'd the Chalcoans, that they

were there prefent; which not long

not onely fubdu'd

Chalco,

learn by

me

Chalco

rather to die, than

which he had no (boner faid, but with

Hand, threw himfelf down from the Scaffold,

your Countrey
in his

it

this effect

immediately flew
after

all the

other Mexicans

was reveng'd by Mutec^uma , who

but feveral other Provinces, leaving onely Tlafcala un=

attempted, that the Mexicans might have a neighboring

C

Enemy

An

example

of great Fidelity.

td fetch Prifc mers

from

for their Offerings,

and

M E'Kl C A

Chap. V.

by Skirmifhing with them,

alfo

up

train

their

Youth

in Martial Difcipline.

Thus his PredeceiTors and he, having Conquer'd divers Provinces, infomuch
that he was now become abfolute Emperor over a vaft Tract of Land, he refolv'd.
fame

which purpofe he erected Courts of Judicature, with good Laws

built a {lately Palace and Temple
ordain'd feveral Cuftoms to be obferv'd in Religion
which done, and having Reign'd twenty eight
to fettle the

in

good order

to

years, he Deceafing, left Ttcocic for his Succeffor.

The

fbremention'd

Temple was

being built of Stone, in form like a

Serpent, of an exceeding bignefs, in the middle thereof there was a fpacious open

and round about

call'd

Cu

two Stories high, the lowermoft for the

Inferior Priefts, and the uppermoft for the High Priefts in this place alfo above ten
thoufand People Danc'd in a Circle, on all high Feaffo; four great Gates fac'd the
like number of broad Streets, each two Leagues long
On the outmoft Gate flood

place,

it

Habitations,

large Images, the Front of black Stones, Painted between each

Lay with

red and

yellow Colours, no lefs Beautiful than Artificial

On each corner of the Temple were plac'd two Marble Statues of Indians
fitting with their Arms ftretch'd
:

out, and holding a Candle, and

fteps led

up

round place,

on

their

Heads Plumes of Feathers

Thirty high

about with Deaths-Heads, which was a Stage appointed for the (laughter of thofe,whofe Hearts were to be Offered to the Diabolical
to a

fet

gods, and whofe Heads, their Bodies being eaten, were brought back to the Priefts,

who hung them under

the Stage,

where every Head hanging

vacant place was immediately fupply'd with a

Stage flood

Image of
Stone

two Chappels,

Ti^tlputzji,

and

frefli

till it

Head.

dropped

off, the

At the end of

the

cover'd like a Cardinal sCap, in one of which fate the

in the other TLdoc, to

which

led a

hundred and twenty

fteps.

But befides

this ftately

afunder in a large Plain,

Pillars, each

Temple
all

more, ftandina not far

adorn'd with curious Imagery, and fet out with larae

being Dedicated to

Cu, Mexico boafted nine

a peculiar Idol,

and built with magnificent Apartments,

*A

Chap. V.'

ME%,IC

'

A.

211

ments, for the Priefls to lodge in ; the chie'feft of them Dedicated to an Idol
This Temple was afcended to by eighty
call'd Tezjatlipuca, or Lord of the Humble.
fteps,

and had before

it

a ipacious

Court

within a low and broad Gate appear'd

which open'd into a fpacious fquare H#ll, hung with Tapeftry, at

and beyond which were feveral Rooms,
the end whereof flood large Images
in which AiTemblies met', Scholars were taught, Judges fate, and Priefts Re-

a high Vail,

fided.

But to return aaain to Muteczyma, his Funeral was no fooner finifVd, but the
four Prime Counsellors were attended by the Commiflioners of Te^cuco and TacuTUcaellel being the chief amongft the
ba, in order to the Election of a new King

^ ?fhi'

re "

g^**9

Dukes, was by a general Vote Saluted King, as being moil: worthy thereof, for
But he humbly rehis fpecial Services (Iiown in behalf of the Empire of Mexico
:

fame, was defir'd to Nominate another, whereupon he making choice

ofTtcocic, Mutec^umas eldeft Son ; the Council immediately bor'd a hole through
But before he received the Crown,
his Nofe, and hung an Emrauld in the fame.
filling the

he was forc'd, according to the Cuflom, to fetch in fome of his Enemies for an Offering, which though he perform'd, yet he loft more Mexicans than he took Prifoners, not without fufficient teftimony of

Cowardife

which being ill refented by

Reign, and fucceeded by his

was Poyfon'd in the fourth year of his

Brother Jxayaca, by the appointment of Tlacaellel; who having attain'd to a great
Age, and left the Charge of his Children to the new King, departed this Life, to
by the States whereof he wasBiithe great forrow and grief of the whole Empire
the People, he

JJSSS&gj

ry'd with great Solemnity.

In the

mean

time, Axayaca went with a confiderable

Army

remote Pro-

to the

vince Teguantepek, to fetch Prifoners to be Offer'd at his Coronation

and march*

^ a!
[n

nte ~

] *l"

ing before alone, Challenged his Antagonid, the King, to a Angle Combat, which
whereupon,
he refus'd, and chofe rather to fall upon Jxayaca with all his Forces
the Mexicans cunningly feign'd flight, ambufcaded themfelves

till

the

Enemies pur-

fuing them, gave them their defir'd advantage, for rufhing out of their Ambufcade,
they fet upon the Teguantepecks, fo diforder'd, that they eafily put them to flight,

and had the purfuit of them

as far as Guatulco, a

from whence Axayaca returning Victor

noted Haven upon the South-Sea

received a

notwithftanding thefe Proofs of his Valor, the Lord

whereupon he
tellulco

fent

Agents thither, with proffers

were of one'Blood with the Mexicans,

ding of the Wards and Towns,

whom

juft before the

Crown

for a

oTlatellulcQ

Reward

yet

Challenged him

that fince the Citizens of TU

they deferted upon the divi-

Election of the

firfl

King AcamapixtU,

anew into fellowfliip and alliance, with the

fame King for their Supreme Head and Go-

they fhould, if they pleased, be received

Mexicans } acknowledging one and the

But the AmbafTadors being fcorn'd and laugh'd at for their proffers, returning, related the fame to Axayaca, who immediately marching thither to take
revenge, fent part of his Army to fall on the Enemy by Watery whilfl himfelf
vernor

upon them by Land, put the Lord otTlatellulco, with his whole Army, to
flight, which was fo clofely puriVd, that they forc'd their way into the City with
them, put the Governor to Death, and laid the Town in Afhes; thofe which
went by Water, having had no lefs fuccefs.
falling

Axayaca, after eleven years Reign,

Deceafing, bequeathed his

Crown

to Autzol, ^dTh&t"

fought to promote his Election by ingaging with the mighty Province Qua*
xutatlan, whofe Inhabitants, though but a little before, they had been fo bold as to

who

demand Tribute of
fled

over an

Arm

the Mexicans, yet terriri'd at the approach ot.'Jutzpl's Army,,

of the Sea, where they had been fecure, had not Autzd invented a

M E XI C

*A

^6

Chap. V.

A.

upon which the

of Planks, by which he got over his whole Army
amaz'd QuaxutiiilW immediately fubmitted themfelves to the Mexicans, who purfuing their Victory, extended their Dominions to Guatimala, over a Trad of three
floatincr Ifle

r.croiity

and

Mrioifidence.

hundred Leagues.
The new King having now fubdu'd

all his

Enemies, and made himfelf glorious

by his Victories, was alfo ambitious to be as much extoll'd for his Generofity
and Magnificence to which purpofe he diftributed all the Wealth which was
brought unto him from the neighboring Countreys, amongft the Poor and the Noto the laft, Plumes of Feathers
to the firft he gave Clothes and Provifions
bility

and Arms,

Moreover he

caus'd all

mean Houfes

to be pull'd

how to
Upon this

ones

Water into
Dcfign he was fo bent,

bring

Laftly, he confulted

to be built in their places.

down and new

frefli

which was plac'd in a brackifh Soil

that when one of his Sages diffwaded him from it, alledging, That the Water Teould
drown the City, he, in ftead of following his Advice, banifh'd him his Prefence, and
upon his flying to Qtyaocun, caus'd him to be fetch'd from thence and Executed.
Then profecuting his Defign, he, cut the Ditch before Quyaocun, by which means
Mexico,

Water came flowing into the Lake\Laguna, which the Priefts

welcom'd with ftrange Ceremonies for fomeperfum'd the Water, others Offer'd
Quails Blood, whilft others play'd on feveral Mufical Inftruments, with many
other Ceremonies, which are at large defcrib'd in the ancient Mexican Chronicles,
kept in the Vatican Library at %ome. But the Prophecy of the Executed Sorcerer
was in a manner fulfill'd for the Water overwhelmed a great part of Mexico, and
great ftore of

frefli

But to prevent farther Mifchief , Autzoll caus'd Banks

to be raisM, and Channels digg'd and not iong after, in the eleventh Year of his
Reign, he deceas'd After which the Mexican Kingdom tended towards its period,
divided the City into Ides

as the enfuing Story will declare.

Amongft

the Mexican Nobility, Mutexuma, a melancholy

Man,

yet very prudent,

Apartment near the great Temple Qi, that there he might

which he no fooner heard,
the better converfe with Fi^tlipu^tli, was elected King
but being found out, he was againft his will led to the Grand
but fled from hence
Affembly, and from thence to the holy Hearth,where for an Offering he drew Blood
out of his Cheeks, Ears, and Legs and, according to an ancient Cuftom, the Qrnn*
after which
cil of State boring a Hole in his Nofe, hung an Emerauld in the fame

who

refided in a ftately

the

Lord of

Tefcuco faluted

him with

a Speech

which

(fince

it is

mentioned by

together with feveral other Speeches of Congratulation to their

Jofephd' Jcofta,

Kings, which were taught to Schollars, to make them expert in their Language)
it will not be amifs to be annexed here, that of many this one may ferve for a pattern of the Mexicans Eloquence,
The Lord of
Tefcuco

"

bis

Speech to

I""*

"

JL

"

fides

He

great happinefs,

felf

is

required

that he hath given

can doubt,

asfolloweth

its

It is

is

befall'n this

Realm by
,

from the general joy, none be*

in the management whereof fo

moft certain teftimony that

God

make fuch

Inhabitants underftanding to

loves Mexico,

a Choice.

Who

who have expatiated through the Heavens, and conmay eafily Govern us Mortals on Earth Who can de-

but that you

" vers'd with yi^tlipu^tli,

" fpair, but that the Vertue inclos'd within your
" and Orphans
Therefore rejoyce, Q Mexico

Breaft, will extend to the

the

.*

" Prince without ViceiC

eafily be conjeclur'd

being able to undergo an Office,

a much Prudence

"

is

moft noble Muteczyma, which

your Ele&ion, may

your

which

not defpifing

common

Heavens have granted us a

Merciful, and not a Violator

Converfation.

Widows

And you,

of the

King,

let

Laws

Affable,
;

not this great Pre-

" ferment

AMERICA.

Y.

:hap>

*57

The Crown
ferment occafion any alteration in your fo long known VertUes
breeds care for the publick good j the troubles thereof mud extend over the
:

<

whole Realm, and every one

in the

Realm.

would willingly have anfwer'd the

Tears, which gufli'd from his Eyes. Before

Mutecziima having heard out the Speech,

ime, but could not utter a word for

at his Coronation, he firft fetled his
e went out to fetch Prifoners fot Offerings
loufhold Affairs. And whereas till this time the Kings had been ferv'd in their

Preparation
for the

rution

Coigof

Muteczitin*.

by ordinary Citizens, he took Knights, and the chiefeft of the Nobility,

itending thereby to make a distinction between the Nobility and the common
and add more Majefty to the Royal Dignity. This done, Mutec^uma
eople
alaces

larchina againft a certain rebellious Province, fetch'd a confiderable

number of

Return the Coronation-Day was apeven their very Ene*

ointed, againft which thoufandsof People came to Mexico
conquered by the Mexu
liesof Tlafcala, Mechoacan, zndTepeaca, which were never
which were under
ms, flock'd thither in great numbers. All thofe Countreys
d
fribute bringing-unvalUableTreafures^came in vaft Multitudes,which fo throng

At

'eople to be Offer'd to ftztupuztlu

his

he City, that the very tops of the Houfes were fill'd with Spectators, no
nor was ever any
'Mexico ever going to the Throne in fuch fplendor ;

mch
ace

King
King

in

fo

deur.

neither did he ever fet

none of the common People daring to look in his

Foot on the Ground, but was always carried in a

on the Shoulders of

prime Nobility

fear'd

by

his Subjects,

His Graa-

:hair

his

he never wore a Suit of Clothes

was once foul'd ; he ftri&ly maiaaDifguife, to make

lin'd the Laws which he had made, and often went himfelf in
by which means the Mexican Power
ftrict enquiry after all Affairs whatfoever
but, as other Realms, grown top.heavy with
vas now arrived to the higheft top
nor ever us'd a

ut once,

Cup

or Difh after

it

Mexico ; but
;ood Fortune, turn at laft topfie^turvy, juft fuch a Misfortune befell
for in the City Cholola The
lot without feveral fore-running figns of its deftruction
:

inform'd them, that a ftrange People were coming to take

prognosticated the fame,
>oflefTion of the Mexican Dominions; and their Soothfayers
which Muteczuma committed them all to Prifon, and doubtlefs had put them all
heir

God

Quezalcoalt

ruine of
the Mtxifctn
Empire prognosticated.

or

their diabolical Art

o death, had not they efcap'd with the help of the Mafter of
Children were all put to
,nd though they efcap'd themfelves, yet their Wives and
.

Soon after which appeared a mighty Comet,

Kings Command
the great Temple Cu was fet on Fire,
>r blazing Starfor a whole year together
the Water which was thrown on the
tnd burnt to the Ground none knew how
ame to quench it, burnt like Brimftone in the Side appear'd three fiery Heads at

upon

leath

the

loon.day, and out of a long Tail

mot Sparks on

the Earth

the Laguna,

between

and Texcuco, began to fwell into a Tide, which turn'd fome Houfes topfle.
urvy j a fhrill Voice was heard in the Night crying on the Water, Children, your

Mexico

nine

is

at

hand

whither [hall 1 carry you that you may not he

lofi

No lefs ftrange

is

what

d' Acofta relates

of

a Bird prefented to Muteczuma,

A miraculoHS
not Story
of a

mlike a Crane, which the Fifhermen had taken on the Laguna ; on the fhining
orehead of which there appear'd the refemblanceof two Armies Engag d, and one

Bud.

lefeated

by the other, and that whilft the Sages,

tereof, fat in

call'd to interpret the

meaning

Confultation, the Bird vaniilfd.

Moreover, there goes a Tradition, That a Countrey-man being at his Labor,

where
vas taken up by an Eagle, and carried through the Air into a gloomy Cave,
Man lay faff adeep fnoaring, when on a fudden he heard a Voice afar off, faying,
notice of the
Oo you know that Mm ? whereupon the Countrey*man taking fpedal
dormant
.

Another of a
Countryman.

AMERICA.

2&

Chap. V-

dormant Man, knew him, by the Royal Apparel, to be Mutexuma

the
the Voice was heard again, faying, How found ly doth he fleep

provides Tunifhmerits for many Qrimes

in his

Hands,

he

"frill

feel no pain

which

comitio

time

"toh'tch

after

burn the Snoarer with the Torch Tbhicb he holds

Not long

being informed hereof, and look,

after he

ing on his Thigh, found the fame burnt, to his no fmall amazement.
New* of

Having now

the

Arrival cf the

the Spanijh
Fleet.

Fleet,

poflefs'd

and therewith

the

Throne

Draught of the

Men

him, he immediately advis'd with

(tartling

news of

years, he received

fourteen

and VelTels painted on Cloth.

his

Council,

who

judg'd

This

convenient

it

Ocean with ftrong Watches yet neverthelefs Ferdinand Cortefius Landed with five hundred Foot and fixty Horfe, took the
City tPotancbanum, march'd through the Countrey Sicuchimalar to Tafcalleca, where
they had a fharp Conflict, in which the Spaniards were in great danger
and had
not they had fix Field-Pieces with them, which did as much affright as hurt the

to fecure the Coaft along the Southern

Indians, they

much danger

had without doubt been cut off there.

for certainly the Spanifh

Woman inform'd

not a

them of

Army

In Chiurutecal they were in as

had been

fet

upon

in the Night,

had

it.

Mean while Mutec^ma confulted with his Sorcerers to deftroy Qtrtejiu* by Charms,"
who then was marching through Chalco, whereupon a confiderable number of Sorcerers

went

thither to the top of a high

Mountain, where,as they were beginning

Incantations and Charms, their ldo\Te%calipuca appeal' d to

them and
:

in

their

an angry

That Montec^uma fhould lofehis Crown and Life and to confirm his words, he fhew'd them a dreadful fpectacle
for looking about, they faw
the City in a light flame. This being told to Mutec^tima, he refolv'd to make himmanner

told them,

felf as fecure as

him

the

he could, and went to meet

Crown

in the prefence

of

Marina, experiene'd in the Cafldian

Corteftws

Council

all his

with coftly Prefents, delivering

to

which purpofe he took one

Tongue, with him for

then feeming to end in Friendship.

his Interpreter

all
;

But they continued not long

things

in that (rate
j

for Qortefxus, whole whole Defign was to bring Mexico under the Sparaards Subjection, not long after accus'd Mutec^uma, that Coalcopoca had

ftorm'd the
Muteczumj
committed to
Prifon by
Corttjittt.

new

Spanijh

City Vera Qrux, which he could no

withflanding Mutec-^uma deliver'd him

who were

with

Qoalcopoca,

on

way

fifteen

his

excufe

Commands
;

and not-

of his Nobles Priso-

Wood yet he was committed Pnfoner, to

the great difcontent of the Mexicans, who faid, " That they were now come to a
" finepafs, to be thus fool'd by a few Strangers, who had imprifon'd their King,
ners,

all

burnt with green

" trampled upon their ancient Images, endeavor'd to murther them all, and in de
"fpite of them brought their mortal Enemies, the Tafcaltecans and Guazuzjngans, in" to Mexico.
Gbrttfruf

marches a*
gainft Velaf-

fMtt% Party.

About this time there were certain Ships come to Vera Crux, which was a new
Port-Town of this Countrey, that the Spaniards had built fince their coming thither, and had Landed near upon a thoufand Men which was an Accident that had
;

like to have fpoil'd the

Men
his

Cortefius

and

all his

Company

at

Mexico, thefe

being fent by James Velajque^ Governor of Cuba, exprefsly againft Qortefm and

Men, upon

pretence that they had acted not conformably to the CommiiTion

which they had

which

Men

Defign of

in a great

from him, and gave him no account of their proceedings

meaiure was true
for it muft be confefs'd, that Cortefius and his

receiv'd

finding themlelves to have fall'n

upon an Adventure

was certainly rich

the Countrey already, by
that

and good, and having got fuch footing and intereft in

their Succefs and Victories, and chiefly by their Confederacy with fo many of the
Natives and People of the Countrey, revolted to them, did aimed at fivfi, by a general confent, renounce their CommiiTion, and dependency upon Vel'afque^ and
profefs'd

"

a M E<KIC

3hap. V.
rofefs'd to adt.

A.

immediately from and for the King of

'

'

What

Spain.

pretenceVthey

ad for fuch a Refolution, feemingly at lead irregularis not fo well known. Whatwhole Company (excepting onely feme
ver they were, they proceed in it, and the

ew who

yet went along with the

n chief, and appoint likewife

>oth Civil

and Military,

chufe

common

by

among

reft)

themfelves

confent,
:

anew

Cortefeus

all

259

for their

Commander

other Officers of Juftice,

and to give the

better"

colour at Court

their Principals, ino their Proceedings, they fend fortocorrero and Monteio, two of
Emperor, both to make report of the
o Spain, with a rich and noble Prefent to the

of the Countrey, and to procure immediate Commiffion from his Majefty, to

after which they advance towards Mexico, as hath been faid. Velafque^,
>roceed
icate

their Proceedings, labor'd to intercept

and underftanding

>eins at Cuba,

both their

and Prefent, but could not ; and therefore fent VampbiUus TSlaryae^ with
apprehend Qortefeus,
leven Ships, and about nine hundred or a thoufand Men to
nd oppofe his Proceedings. This hapned about the time that the Differences were
Spaniards and the People of Mexico and though it ob*
>ut newly calm'd betwixt the
vleiTengers

wavering and unfetled condition, yet he took

ig'd Cortefius to leave the City in a
order that Muteczuma {till remained under the Guard of the Spaniards as before,
uch

with thoufands of their Friends of Tlafcalla, and he himfelf taking the reft,
fome few Spaniards along with him, with undaunted cpurage and refolution

ifiifted

md

lurches againft NarVaez^ and fuch was his good fortune,thacjnot onely j^rv^be:ame his Prifoner without much bloodied, but likewife all his Men joyn'd with
Do*
in his Defign, through the favour of the Chancery or fuprearn Court of St.
'

lim

nin?o,

and by the procurement of the Licentiat Fafque^de

Jyllon,

a,

Judge of

it,

who

was fent with NarVaez^ to accommodate the Differences. With this Recruit Corteagain to Mexico but at his coming finds things in a very bad confius marches back
for the Citizens, gather'd together under the Command of one Quicuxtedition

and three Nights vex'd the Spaniards

with continual Stormings, notwithstanding whatever Commands they had to the
contrary from their imprifond King, who at laft, looking out of a Window,

had recourfe to Arms, and

moc

for three days

endeavoring to appeafe them, was hurt with a Stone, of which he foon after died,
murder'd him, as the
as they fay, who would not have the Spaniards thought to have
Children, the
Mexicans fay they did, with divers other Noble-men, and fome of his
were, not long after his Death, out of extream
fore'd to leave the Cineceflity, and chiefly for want of Victuals, the Spaniards were
and fifty of their Men, who
ty in the night-time, and with the lofs of four hundred

very Ni^ht they

were

fled.

However

it

either (lain or taken Prifoners at the parting

king a heavy Retreat to their Friends

Mexico,

upon

the place

where

fo

of a Drawbridge, the

at Tlafcalla.

There

many of them were

which they call Los Martyres, or The Hermitage of the

if upon that occafion, as one of their own Writers

is

Handing at

kill'd, a certain

reft

this

ma-

day in

Hermitage,

Martyrs, though but improperly,

confeiTes,

though he alledges no

other reafon.

This Retreat of the

Spaniards out

after mid-night, in the

TXjght.

of Mexico hapned to be upon the tenth of July

Year 1520. which the

Neverthelefs the undaunted

Cortefius

Spaniards at Mexico

call

being got, though with

The Doleful

much

diffi-

and trouble, by reafon of the purfuit of the Mexicans for a good part of thd
Way, to his fure Friends of Tlafcalla, neither loft his Courage, nor gave over his Refolution of yet gaining Mexico, efpecially the way being now laid open, and fufof th
ficient occafion given by the Death of Mutec^uma, and the provocations
culty

make himfelf abfolute and

Mexicans themfelves, to
fore

having

fent for/

fole

Lord of

and procured a competent Supply of

the Place

frefli

where**

Soldiers

from
Santo

.;.

^H

z6o

<A~

ME

%l

C A.

Chap. v.

Santo Domingo, or HiSpaniola, Almeria, Cuba, and other

places, being in all nine hundred Foot, eight hundred Horfe, and feventeen Pieces
of

Ordnance- he joyns

him",

with the Auxiliary Forces otTlafcalla, which were no lefs

than a hundred thouland Men, Arm'd with Bowes and Arrows
and with this
felf

Army marches

towards Mexico, and Befieges

J&xicD taken
by the Spani^

again

thirteen <Bngantines or Galliots,

both by Land and Water, W^. with the

help of
which he had built upon the Lake, and fix
thoufand

Canoos, or little Boats,

his Friends

which

it

and Confederates had procur'd him. By

which means, and by his Army on Land, in a fliort
time he cut off all Provifion
from the City,and after a Siege of full three Months or
more, and a moft ftout and
obftinate refiftance made by the People within, in
which they are faid to have loft
above a hundred thoufand Men, befide thofe which
perifh'd by Famine , Sicknefs
or otherwife, he took it by Storm upon Tuefday
the thirteenth of Augufl 1521. Sackt
it firft, and then burnt it to the Ground
yet afterwards he caused
-

again, far

They

more

Beautiful than at

fpeak not of above

and not many

Crown

was

fifty Spaniards flain

as in

due place

we

(hall'

during the whole Siege,

further fee.
fix

Horfes"

Tlafcaltecans.

manner

In this

firft it

to be Re-built

it

and with

of Spain the

fo little

Charges to the Conqueror

there fell to the

and goodlieft Kingdom (one of them) of the

whole
World, twq the Kingdom pf Mexico, which eke
Conquerors preiently nam'd Na>
Spam and in reference to which name, the Catholick
E^ing hath ever fince ftil'd himWf the plural number Hiftaniarum^ex, or Kingofbotb Spain*; and all by the
Valor,Prudence,admirable Refolution,and happy Conduct
oUorte <; who was at firft
but a private Adventurer in the American Plantations
and Difcoveries, though other,
wife a Gentleman of a good Family in Spam,
born at Medellin in the Country of
Eftramedura.
The Emperor Charles the Fifth, who was alfo then King of Spain,
for
his great Services, endow'd him defervedly
with many great and rich Territories
in the Provinces of Tlafcalla, Mecboacm,
and other parts thereabouts, made him
Marquefs of the Valley, yi K of Guaxata, (which is his
chief Title) a rich and flourifliing Province of that Countrey, Captain
General, or Commander in Chief of
all the Military Forces of NeV-Spain,
and General Difcoverer of all the Maritime
parts and Coafts of America towards the South-Sea,
affigning him in propriety the
twelfth part of whatsoever fhould be difcover'd,
to him and his
richeft

Oirttz ad-

vanc'dto

Ho-

Rorj.

Heirs for ever

deny'd

much

him

defiYd

the
it.

Government of Mexico out of reafon of State, though

but

'tis faid'

he

"
;

Among

the

the chiefeft
,T he

grand

Haven Ampulse.

is

famous Havens which

along the South Sea and Northern Ocean,

Acapulco before-mention'd, whither all
Merchandize is fent to be

tranfported to (bina, which

lie

above two thoufand Leagues diftant from thence in

which Voyage they generally fpend fourteen Months;
four Sail, each of eight hunis

dred Tun,appointed for this Trade^generally

two of them fet Sail to China in March,
and returning in Summer, have no fooner drop'd
their Anchors, but the other two
fet out from Acapulco, from whence
the way

by Land to Mexico , is feventy two

Leagues over fteep Mountains, dangerous Rocks
, and feveral Rivers
the chiefeft
whereof are, firft, Del Vapagayo, or Ve \ Balfas, which
runs exceeding ftrona which
the Indians crofs on bundles of Canes
ty'd upon faMajkes
Next San Francifco,
which though the biggeft, yet hath many (hallow
.

places to

fiichoes

are

no fmall Plagues

wade

over.

The Mu-'

to thofe that travel this

way, for their Poyfonous Stings

are the occafions of many Ulcerated Wounds,
and oft-times Death it.felf.
In this way lies alfo the Countrey del Valle
from which Ftrdmmd Concern re,
ceiv'd the Title of Earl.

The

Poi^m^^i

h..~icapu2ce

D
E
L/i/.i,/

3e

rents

&rande
L &rifS

CBoca,

Jfoca

CAica-

MBIHH

MH

a M E %^l C

Chap. V.
The Mouth of

the

Haven

Jcajntlco

A.

%6l

gapes a

full League North and South, and

wkhin exceeding large, hath a nook call'd Boca Grande where the Ships
Ride fafe
at an Anchor
More Eafterly appears a Land Inlet, (by the Spaniards
,

call'd Puerto

Marques) fecur'd againft

del

which belongs

a Fort,

with

all

Winds,,

near which

is

the City of San Diero, to

Bulwarks, lying on a Promontory, the main of

the City is one large Street
confiding of fair and ftately Houfes , and
leadina directly to the Haven
the Church which is of an oblong fquare, hath
a hi^h Sceeplc
fix

'

in the middle.

Dutch Admiral, one

"

he had done the Spaniards all the mif.

chief he could along the South Sea, ran with five Sail
under the Fort Acapulco,

which

ten

Guns

Joris Spilbergen, after

him

^4

Expedition.

whereupon, the Dutch Admiral Manning a Boat,'

with a white Flag, they agreed upon a Ceflation
and the Spaniards went aboard
of the Admiral, to whom Pedro Ahares , and Francifco Menendm
having been a
confiderable time in Holland, and fpeaking the Language
of that Countrey very
fir'd

at

perfect promised that

all his

Demands

fliould be fatisfi'd

yet Spilhergen was fuf.

upon him, wherefore he came and lay clofe
under the Caftle with his five Sail, and made ready his Guns
But this fufpicion
was foon clear'd, when Jhares and Menendm profFer'd to flay as
Hoftages, till the
Governor of the Town Tent the Admiral thirty Oxen, fifty Sheep,
Tome hundreds
-

picious that the Spaniards had a defign

of Poultry, Coals, Oranges, Cittrons, and the like frefli Provifions

as alfo Wood
and Water ; during which time, the Prifoners being fet at
liberty, feverai Perfons
of Quality came to vifit the Admiral, amongft whom was
Captain Caftilio , one
that had ferv'd twenty years in the Lo^-Qountrey Wars
and Melchior Hernando, Nephew to the Vice-Roy ot{ew-Spain , who defirous to fee the Ships
that durft fet
twice upon ^odrigo de Mendofe, Admiral of the King o Spain's
mighty Fleet, ftood
amaz'd that luch little Frigats durft Ingage with To many great
Spanijh Ships
and
carry'd the Admiral's Son to the Governor of the City,call'd
Georgia* Terro, who civilly cntertain'd him: Eight days Spilbergen fpent here
at Acapulco, admiring the
courteous Entertainment of the Spaniards, and the more,
beeaufe that having News
but eight Moneths before of the Dutch Fleet fetting out, they
had in that fliort time
made all things ready for refiftance the Fort having, feventeen Brafs
Guns, and
four hundred Soldiers, befides many Noblemen and
Reformades, whereas at other
times there us'd not to be above forty Men, and four Guns
in tkt fame.
.

E C T.

II.

Mechoacan.'
'

'I'

THc

next Province of New Spam is the BiOioprick

of Mechoacan, which hath
on the North-Eaft, Vanuco
on the Eaft, Mexicana, properly fo call'd on
.

the South part, TUfcaBa

and

laft

on the Weft, the Main Ocean, or Mare

of all, more direftly Northward,

del

Zur
Gal
.

$&

which is a Province of
fignifieth in the American Language,
as much as J E/h Countrey
and fo it is, having many fair Lakes and
Rivers in it, abundantly well ftor'd with
Fiih The Countrey fo exceedingly
pkafant and healthful, that 'tis ufual for ficfc
Perions of other Provinces to come
hither to recover their health, only by the benefit of a good Air.
The Soil fo abundantly
Uaa

Xaltfco,

The Name

fertile

of

all forts of Grain

that of
hath
been
often obferv'd, they have reap'd the next Har^
,
veit more thanfo many
hundred meafures of the fame Grain. Very well Wooded,
'
and by reafon of its many Rivers
and frefli Springs, equally rich in good Pafture

tour meafures of Seed

it

Bounds

ajj<T

Defcription?
of Mishoassti

AMERICA.

l6z
and

befides great plenty of Medicinal

Herbs and Plants,

it

aftordeth

Mulberry-trees, and confequently Silks

Sea Coafts,

Amber mgh'the

Chap. V.
good
.

ftore

of

much Ho.

both for neceffity and pleafuie. The

ney, Wax, and divers other Commodities,
a ftrong adive Body, and a good
People of the Countrey are generally tall, of
comparifon of other Natives not unskilful in divers curious

Wit, efpecially in
being faid to
Manufactures, the moft excellent Feather-Figures, afore-mention'd,
generally inclin' d to the Humors and
be found in this Province. They feem more
received the Preaching
Cuftoms of the Spaniards;, than any other Jmeficans^ and
when time was, with much willingnefs fo that the Countrey
.

otCbriftian Religion,
is

Languages
belonging to
tans,

Tygers.

and divided into feveral Pariflies.

in Mechoacan are feveral, as the Otomian, Chihciwhich are fpoken
The
x 1A Languages
*
b &
'ii *t
o
J L
Tarajcan; a
Mexicans, which is common through all J\ew bpatn, and the 1
an j
Countrey.
brief Language, which properly belongs to this

now

entirely Ohriftian,
*"'

"

/"

neat'and

Countrey devour great numbers of Cattel

the Tygers, which often fetch Peo*
yearly, yet the greateft mifchiefs happen from
the Doors are lock'd, for they break in
pie out of their Houfes, notwithstanding

The Lions and Wilde Dogs

thorow

of

this

much

the Walls and Roofs, with

eagernefs and flrength

Of the great-

That the Governor Peter Carpentier fee

nefs whereof, Jacob Bontius tells us this ftory,
Iron, Baiting
Trap without the Walls of BataVia, of great Timber, Pleitedwith
a

caught therein , impatient

with a Goat which taking erred, the Tyger that was
out, left the Goat unof fuch clofe Imprifonment, rent the Timber, and getting
-

it

touched.

Hugo

Linfchot relates,

That
on

cifing their cruelty onely

the Tygers in the Weft-Mies hurt

Indians

no

and that finding a Black and

Spaniards, exer-

a White

Man

ileep-

How far thefe aflertions

White
ing together, they devour the Black and not the
contradidion ofthefirft, for it
deferve to be credited, may appear by an evident
have been eaten by the Tygers.
is well known, many Spaniards in the V/eft-Indies
:

was aj
General Fedreman marching in this Countrey at the Head of his Army,
killing a Spaniard, and three hi
faulted by a Tyger, which in defpight of them all
no Trees ferve for a refuge againft their fury, for they
fow,efeap d from them
are fo exceeding
climb up to the top thereof,and fetch down their Prey their Claws
.

Venomous,

that whoever

is

no
from whence

fcratch'd with the fame, is never to be cur'd; there

is

in the Bullies,
Beaft but they will venture upon, wherefore they lie
that moft other Beafts
they rufli out upon them ; but this difadvantage they have ,
heavy Creature,whatever hath
are too nimble Footed for them, for they are a very

been deliver'dby the Ancients concerning the Tygers fwiftnefs.

As

to the difference

which they make

they find more fweetnefs in

Womens

in

Humane

Fle(h,it

is

thus far true

Breafts than other parts,

That

and chofe a Black

Concerning the firft, France gives a fufficient testimony,

loofc ,
when two Tygers in the time of King Lewis the Twelfth breaking
The fecond is con.
Road.
left a great number of Women lying Breaftlefs in the
happen'd in Bengal
firm'd by John Johnftons Relation of a ftrange accident that

Man

before a White

Tyger fetched him out of the Ship hid himfelf the

was inthe reafon
next Night between Decks, of which the Mafter asking
about Mid-night
formed concerning his Dream which prov'd prophetick , for
went away without touch,
a Tyger leapt into the Ship, and devouring the Moor,
But a Sea-man walking
ing any one of the Hollanders, of which there were thirty
behind, and
on the fhore efcap'd more wonderfully, for a Tyger fetting upon him
Tyger the
he leaping from betwixt them , difcover'd to the

yi%

A Moor dreaming that

a Crocrodile before,
Crocodile, to

whom the Tyger direc%

running, and ingaging with the Crocodile,

fpar a

Chap. V.

AMERICA.

Jpar'd the

Sea-mans

life

16]

Notwithftanding the cruelty and mifchief of

the Indians are led by their fottifh Superftition to worfliip

they fay, the Devil ofcen appears to them in that fliapc.
gers,

them

Ty.

thefe

becaufe, as

Befides the Tygers, the Inhabitants of Mecbaocan are

exceedingly molefted with
Squerrils, which not only carry much-Fruit into their Holes,
but alfo under-mine
the Houfes,fo that they often fink or fall on one fide, the mifchief
being the worfe*
becaufe they increafe daily.
Mori of them bear four young at a time, which on the

day run about for Prey

third

Squerrils;,,

and can fcarce be taken, becaufe of their exceeding

fwiftnefs, leaping a great diftance from one Tree to another
their Tails ferve
them on divers occafions for leaping they ufe it like a Wing, and at their
,

crofling

over a River, for a Sail 3 in tempeftuous Weather, they (top their holes
therewith,
to keep out the Wind*

There
felves

are fix feveral forts of thefe Squcrrils

with their Tails

made tame

the fecond Quapatcbli,

the

firft call'd Ttilic,

cover them-

Several kinci
ofthi'Rl.

is

as big again,

and can never be

the third Tecballotl, with a bald Tail and great^ Eyes

the fourth TaU
mototly, hath a thick Head, and a Tail full of black and
white (beaks . the fifth Quimitcbpatlan , hath a little Head and long Legs, and leaping
from one Tree to. an*
other, feems to flie ; the lad fort call'd Y^tafiecbalotl, is whitifli.
.

The

Foxes do alfo great mifchief here, their Urine fmells fo horribly,

that forty
days after , none are able to abide near the place where they have
urin'd
and on

Foxes,

whatfoever Stuff or Cloth

drop thereof chanceth to

light, the (link can never

be

wafh'd away.

Here breeds

alfo a fort of Birds, call'd Juras

which are not unlike Moore-.

on nought but (linking Carrion,

Hcns they flie exceeding high in the Air, feed

which they fcent at a great diftance they have a hairy Head and
Neck, and ugly
Face
Some of the Fowls of this Countrey flay here all the year long others
go
away, and return at certain times.
;

The

-Bird

Juras.

The

Natives, fince the Spaniards coming thither, have gotten their

Habits and
Language, learn'd all forts of Trades their Tables, Chefts, and
Cupboards made
offBrafik-Wood, are no way inferior to the bell that are made in Europe.
Painting
is alfo in great efteem amongft them
They make handfom Clothes, Shooes, and
flrange Copper Locks. They have a peculiar Art in Tilling
their Ground
They
teach the Spanijh Dogs feveral tricks , but not feeding
them well, they caufe them
to run from them, and turn wilde
whence they are call'd Qmarrones, becaufe they
,
do much hurt to the Cattel.

Ingenuity of
the, Natives.

The

Inhabitants,

cold Water

when

a Feaver or

Ague

is

upon them

at the higheft,

againft other Sickneffes they ufe Herbs,whofe foveraign

leap into

Power Expe*

rience hath long fince taught them.

Since the Spaniards

Schools,

and

fifty

Auguflin

There

made

Churches

Mecboacan a Biflioprick, they have built ninety four

feveral Hofpitals and Cloyfters, inhabited by
Francifcan

Monks.

are faid to be in this Biflioprick a hundred and

fifty

Towns or Burroughs
many fcatter'd Villages) mod of which have Free-Schools
erected in
them, forthcTrainingupofYouthinthca^ww
Religion, good Literature and
(befides

Arts

and few of them without an Hofpital

principal are as followeth

for the Sick

of which

Towns

the

Zinzputza, the Seat of the ancient Kings of Mecboacan.

forty feven Leagues diftant from Mexico,
once a Bifliop's
1.

See.

2.
3.

Pafciur, a City

Valladolid, 'the

Me-

tropolis or chief City of the Province, fince

the Epifcopal Chair was remov'd from
fafcuar thither.
It lieth upon a greit Lake, equal
amoft for bignefs to that of

d %

Mexico,

Principal

Towns,

a M E%IC
r

Chap. V.

rjr.

to* M&s the Eaft. 4. St. Miabout feven Leagues diftant from fafcuar,
Leagues Weft ward of Mexico, and in the Way to .the
chaels, a good Town, forty
fomewhat dangerous, being not a little inZacltecM but lying in a Road that is
6. La Conception de Salaya,
it.
5. St. fbtUfs,
fefted wkh Salvages on both fides of
Stage for Travellers,
Leagues diftant from Falladolid, and a convenient

Mexico and

is

feventeen

built chiefly for the defence and fecubeino indeed, with the twolaft mention d,
Guaxanata, a Town on the BorringoF theCountrey aaainft the Salvages. 7.
Mynes of Silver, 8. Leon, another Town
ders of (Panuco, where there are very rich
diftant from Valladohd, and threelikewife of very rich Mynes,twenty four Leagues
los Lagos, and others.
icore from Mexico. o. Zamorra. 10. Villa de
from the Sea^Coaft,
Towards the Sea there is 1. Acadan, but two Miles diftant
very good Harbor which it hath for
and afmall Town, yet by reafon of a iafe and
NatiVidad, another well known and
a Place of no little Trading. 2.

Shipping,

convenient Haven upon Mare

they ufually

by the

let Sail for

Spaniards,

del

Zur, pertaining to

the PhiUffine Iflands.

3.

this

Province,and from whence

St. Jago de buena Speran^a, fo call'd

upon this
perhaps from the abundance of good Pearls chey .found

Zacatuh, and fome others.

This Province, as we faid, was at firft a diftind

Coaftv +.Colyma.

5.

Kingdom of it

felf,

yet fubordi.

King whereof namM Tamgaha,ot <Bimbicba y

Spaniards thither, after the Conqueft of
(as Laet reporteth) at the firft coming of the
was Baptiz d. Neverthelefs afMexico, voluntarily fubmitted himfclf to them, and
intended by him againft
terwards, upon a pretence of I know not what Treafon
profelTedly think to have been
them, and which the- Spawjh Writers themfelves
nate and Tributary to that of Mexico, the

Feigned, by
was

command

Mexico, he
of Nunnez.de Gufman, Prefident of the (lancery of

moil inhumanely burnt

alive,

and

his

Kingdom

Sect.

feiz'd

upon by

the Spaniards.

III.

afcalla.

Situation and

Befcriptian

of

tlajcall*.

'He Bifhoprick of

Tlafcalla,

formerly call'd

Tlafcalteca, Tlaxcala,

and

Tlafca-

from one
del Zur, with which it is
Sea to another, -vi*. From the Jtlantick to Mare
and for the moft part bebounded on the Eaft and Weft Parts, lying otherwife,
that of Guaxata, which follow*
twixt the Provinces of Mexicana,h& fpoken of, and
lefs than an hunlength from one Sea to the other, not much
lan, is

a Province of New Spain,

which extendeth

it

felf entirely

eth, containing in

dred Leagues, and

in

fome

places fourfcore in breadth

but towards the South

Countrey exceedingly plentiful both in Corn

Wheat, and
and Cattel, full of rich Pafturage, and fo plentifully ftor'd with Mai*,
befides Deer,
America
other Grain, that it is accounted as it were the Granary of
There is likewife Copperefs, Alall manner of Venifon, and great More of Fowl.
fweet fmelling Gum
lom, Silver.Mynes, Manna, Anime, and Liquid Amber, with a
The Rivers feed no Fi(h, becaufe they fall with exSea growing

much narrower.

It is

whichdropsoutofaTree.

ceeding force from the Mountains

Water, inhabited round about by

many Cumbeba-T rees, which yield

onely near Topoyanco,

The ancient
llajcalhns.

a deep

Lake of

frefli

enjoying the pleafure and profit of the

hundred
Cochinele, producing yearly above two

Indians,

thoufand Duckets worth of that Commodity. In

hogs, whofe Flefh is good and wholiomto eat,.
State of the

is

this

Lake fwim black Hedge-

Countrey, when the Spaniards came firft amongft them, liv'd

State 3 refunng to be fubjed to the King of
in the form of a Common-weald^or Free

The

People of

this

Mexico,

Chap. V.
Mexico,

with

<JL

whom

M EX^IC

they had almoft continual

A.

z6<>

War

pnd upon that account,

as,.

without whofehelp
hath been faid,a(Tifted Cortejins in the Con que ft of the Kingdom,
able to do any thing. They enjoy therefore ma.
'tis moft certain he had never been
They pay
fpecial Priviledges and Immunities more than other Americans do

ny
no Tribute, but onely a handful of Wheat yearly for every Perfon, by way of acknowledgment, otherwife living, under the Proteftion of the Spaniards, wholly in
times they were great Manthe Form of their ancient Government. In former
and nc: onely

eaters

eat the Flefh

of their Enemies, but alfo of one anotther, info*

much that Man's.flefli hung in publick to be fold.

The River Zahuatl, which rufhes out of the Mountain
overflows all the Countrey near it, arnd wafnes away divers

Xicgleucalt, oftentimes

River zd-

Houfes. Zahuatl Ggni-

fame, are
Scabby Water, becaufe all thofe, cfpecially Children, that wa Hi in the
On its Banks the Spaniards have built many Houfes, the fafhion
fure to be Scabby.
who formerly built
is now alfb imitated by the Indians of this Province,
fies

whereof

manner for they made low Houfes of Earth, Wood and Stone,
fome a Stones*caft one from another, others
with large and ftrange Chambers
clofe together, had narrow crooked Streets that ran betwixt them.
quite after another

In this Province are

of the

who

Ottomons,

Prote&ors

To the

two

forts

of Languages fpoken, Yt%. the Mexican, and that

formerly deferring ^Mexico, chofe the

They are a toilfom and painful People.

Northward of Tlafcalla are Mountains, which

Tlafcallans

ru^aimu

for their

the year long, except

all

and the Woods on the tops of them are a

great fhelter to Lyons, Tygers, Wolves, and wild Dogs, call'd Adiyes, and other
wild Beafts, which do much hurt to the fmall Catteh Here are alfo many Serpents
three Moneths,are cover'd with Mift

and Adders.
The whole Province is faid to contain two hundred good Towns and Burroughs, and more than one thoufand Villages, all of them exceedingly populous,
and fuppos'd to contain in the whole above a Million and half of Natives, befides
Spaniards, who have fome few Colonies in the Countrey for fecuring of it.
the
The chief Towns of the Province are i. tlafcalla it felf, which denominates
f
whole Countrey as the Metropolis, and where the Bifliop's See was at hrft, till in
rt

the Year 1550.

it

in the midft

modioufly feated
compafs,

It

was removed

to <Puebla de

of a large and

confifteth of four large

los

Angelas.

fertile

It is

a fair

1 1

Town,and com-

Champain of threefcore Miles in

Streets or Quarters,

and beautiful

and

in the

meet, hath a fiaz&a, or Marketplace, equal to that

of Mexico, and able to- receive twenty or thirty thoufand Perfons conveniently, to
Buy and Sell in it and whofe Shambles feldom (hew lefs than fifteen thoufand

midft of them where they

all

Sheep, four thoufand Oxen, and two thoufand Hogs.

2. fuebla de

los

Angelos, or The

Qty of Angels, a

a Church-man, and he that was the

der the

Crown

from Vera Crux

a good Air. It

of Cajlile.

It

was

firft

Prefident,

built in the

by Sebaflian %amin^
or chief Governor of Mexico, un-

Town

Year

built

531.

almoft in the

Road-way

to Mexico, and feated in a very delicate and fertile Countrey, and of

and valu'd at twenty thoufand Ducats of yearly

where*
Rent, the City it felf fuppos'd to contain about fifteen hundred Families
there is abundance of excellent Cloth made, and for finenefs not yielding to the
is

a Bifhop's See,

beft

of

Spain.

Its

chief Edifices are, the Cathedral and four (lately Cloyfters, be-

longing to the Dominicans,

for five

hundred

3. Zempoallan,

4.

Francifcans, Auguftines,

and

endow'd by %amin^ with

River of the fame Name.

Indian Children,

feated

TS(apahca, in the

upon

Capuchins

Valley Ocumba ows

its

as alfo a Free-School

a yearly

Revenue.

original to an Indian call'd Juan,

who

at

Towns aaa
Villages,

AMERICA.

166

Chap. V.

Herd of Hogs there till upon his invitation,

infomuch, that in a
all the neighboring People came from the tops of the Hills
(Tiort time, the place was Peopled by thoufands of Families.
5. Guaxacingo, all hitherto great and ancient Towns of the Natives.

at

had onely one Houfe, and

firft

6.

Septra de

la

Town,

Frontera, a Spanijb

built

que ft oi Mexico for the fecuring of the Confines,

}

Vera Crux y a

7.

Town built

by Corte^ and

by Cortex prefently upon the Con-

Name

as the

importeth.

Companions,

his

at their

Land-

firft

ing, and where afterwards, by a Stratagem, and out of a refolution cither to Conquer or Die in the Countrey
ers

might not

Town

was

fo

much

he caus'd

as think

at firft built five

or

Ships to be burnt, that his Soldi-

all his

fix

Leagues up within Land

found not to be To healthful, the Inhabitants

in a fliort

themfelves upon a Bay of the Sea, right over againft

own Birth-place, which was

Spain,

Town,

another Spanifh

8. Medellin,

The

of returning back from whence they came.

Medellin, a

Town

fmall

time deferted

D'

St. John

by

built likewife

but the place being

it,

and feated

Ullua.

memory of his

Corte^, in

of Eftramadura, a Province of

but was afterwards deftroy'd by fome Spanijb Commanders, out of malice to

Corie%.

mod

Laftly, St, John D' Ullua, a noted, and the

and likewife to the City of Mexico

it felf,

ufual Port to all this Province,

from the North Sea

but of difficult en-

trance, efpecially to fuch as are not well acquainted with the Paflage

wherewith the Mouth of the

Guides, by reafon of certain Rocks and Quicklands,

Haven

is

faid to be bar'dj but within, the ftation

ftrong Bulwarks or Forts rais'd

Paflage,.

on either

is

want

or

more

fafe.

It

hath likewife

of the Entrance one, to defend the

fide

Hawkins furpris'd twelve

befides a ftrong Caftle, built fince Captain John

Ships richly Laden within the Haven, and thirteen others that arrived with a

Vice-Roy from

Spain, valued at near fixty

Tun

of Gold

by which being deceived

he

new

of which he might eafily

have made Prize, had he not trufted to the Vice*Roys Promife, to give him
tisfaction he fhould require,

two

loft all his Fleet

all fa*

but two

Ships.

Between
its
Great
create

in-

of

Crocodiles.

Tlafcala

and Los

Angelas are the Fountains,

out of which the River hath

Original, which gliding by Machaocan and Zacatula,

This River

is

fo exceeding full of Crocodiles

falls

that they have

into the South Sea

made

feveral places

which formerly were Inhabited on its Banks, utterly defolate for the Females laying generally Eggs as big as thofe of a Goofe, increafe prodigioufly
and were it
not that the Indian Mice, call'd Ichneumones, deftroy'd them, they would grow ft ill
to greater numbers
But this Animal creeping in at the Crocodiles Mouth, eats
his way out of the Belly again
Water-Serpents, Hawks, fiujfeloes, and efpecially
Tygers, are alfo their mortal Enemies , for they throwing the Crocodiles on their
;

Backs, rend open their Bellies

They

any other place, becaufe the River of

day time they

lie

cover'd in the

thofe that happen to pafs by

down
Burning
Mountain Po-

the

Rowers with

years ceas'd fmoaking,

all

more

Tlafcala

defirous of

here than in

hath but fmall ftore of Fifh

Mud, from whence

them

Mansfkfh

they rufh forth, and

in the

fet

upon

they purfue the Canoos in the Water, and ftrike

their Tails.

Eight Leagues beyond

Countrey

are

about was

Tlafcala,
till

appears the Mountain

Anno 1540.

terrifi'd

it

broke forth

therewith; for

it

<Popatepeck

in fuch a

which

manner,

for ten

that the

vomited not onely a black

Smoak, but alfo horrible Flames, which fometimes being blow'd downward,
burnt the Corn in the Fields, and the Allies thereof flying as far as Guaxocingo and
QjuluUy burnt a great deal of the Town to the Ground
every one endcavor'd by
;

flight to fecure

themfelves, with intention never to return thither again

but the

Flame

AMERICA

3hap. V.
Smoak

lame and

cafl forth

which

to

view the

curiofity and prefumption pf his,

have coil him his Life, for the fulphury

Imoft

went up

abating, Captain Diego de Orda*

vhence the Fire was

z6j

Smoak

place,

had

like

breaking forth on afudden, had

him.

{lifted

Moreover, the Bifhoprick of

*apoloaVa, fince call'd Alvarado,

Dourfe thither

The

:.

Tlafcala, is

from

on

the

North Coaft

wafli'd

Commander, who

a Spanijh

next Stream nam'd Bandera*,

by the River

fir ft

Steer'd his

fo call'd, becaufe the

is

Rivers of

Mtxiiana.

Natives

white Clothes on Poles, to invite the Spaniards afhore. The third is Almeria, on
vhich, Cortefint, a year after the taking of Mexico, built the Town Medellm, as aforeteld

nention'd.

Alona
rerde and
y

rom

Sacrificios

Green Trees

ihips

receiv'd

its

lie

the

Blanca,

Ifles

denomination from White Land, the other

third, becaufe Joan de Greyahe,

who

firft

Difcover'd

found a Bloody Altar there, with SacrifiVd People

Ocean oppofite

Aimer ia falling -into the

Anchor there

to the Sacrificios , the Spanijh

but in thefe latter times, they have forfaken

he fame, becaufe the Northern Winds us'd to blow very hard againft the
,nd fpoil'd

many

New

chopt off Arms and Legs*

often to an

came

firft

this Ifland,

vith open'd Brefts,

The River

The

and the

Landing on

\pain,

by the Northern Ocean,

the Tlafcallan fhore, wafli'd

VelTels

But Henry Hawks gives

this reafon,

That

fliore,

a dreadful.apI

>arition

of Spirits frighted the

In the Bifhoprick Tlafcala,

Spaniards, from thence.

alfo

is

compriz'd the Province Tepeaca, whofe Metro-

was fent from Jlmeria. The

the Water which they have in the City, is
ioil thereabouts is barren and ftony
>rought in Pipes from a River which flows out of the Mountains into the Market
>lace.
The plain Countrey hath many good Paftures. The Inhabitants thereof
of which, the commoneft is the Mexican others
"peak four forts of Languages
ife the Topolucan or Otoman Tongues.
The Village Alyoxucan appears afar off on a high Mountain, on whofe top is a
Lake of a hundred and fifty Fathom in circumference; the Water whereof is very
;old, and of a bluifli Colour , and neither Ebbs nor Flows, to which the Villagers
lolis

Was built by

when with

Qortg^,

P
peaea.
JJf

great Lofs he

Alpxuanl

:limb along a narrow Path.

Not

far

from thence,

:aird Tlacae }

is

League

ibove a Fingers length

which

in

ftormy Weather

Amongft

in the Plain, are

in circumference,

The
is

other very deep Lakes

and breeds

The

firft

delicate white Fifli, not

fecond nam'd Jlchichican, about the fame bignefs,

very turbulent.

Fowls of this Countrey

the

two

the

moft noted

is

little

Summer

Bird,

Strange fort
of Bud.

on nothing but Flowers and

the Dew; about Harveft time, when the Rain ceafes, it hangs faft with its Bill on
i Tree, and as foon as the firft Rain falls, it revives again.
In this Countrey iepmca&tk five Villages, in each of which is a Francifcan Cloywith a long crooked Tail, fpeckled Feathers

tier

feeds

and convenient Hofpital.

In this Countrey they gather the Water in the time of the Rainy Moneths, in a
ligg'd Pool,
in

few days

aoife in the

which every Morning produces

fall off;

Night

but thefe

From

little

October

little

Toads with long

Tails,

which

ones growing to be great,make a moft dreadful

till

March, not one drop of Rain

falls in this

Countrey; during which time, the Northern Winds make a dry and wholfome
Air, yet oftentimes a tempeftuous Sea, to the lofs of

Farther up into the Countrey,

lage (Rjnconanda
1

Wood

many

Ships.

between Vera Cyux and Los

Jfngelos.,

lies

the Vil*

and alfo Xalapa and ferota built of Straw Houfes in the middle of

of Cedar and Pine-Trees, inhabited by the

Spaniards,

for the

accommodating

AMEBIC

2<J8
ting of Travellers

Spring

Not

To

which purpofe there are like wife Inns built near t8

which gufhes out of a high Rock.
the Populous Village Cbetula, where a fmall number

Fuente de Ot^iimba,

from hence is
dwell amongft thoufands of Indians, who

far

Spaniards

Cbap.

A.

oj

make

chiefly

ufe of Mules to car-

ry their Loads.

Sect.

IV.

Guaxata.
Situation and

Etween Los

Uefcnptioii

ai Guaxata.

.Angelas

largely taken

it
;

and Guatemala,

hath on the North, the Bay of Mexico

Zur- on the Eaft

del

the Biflioprick of Jntiquera or Guaxata

lies

Jucatan

and

Cbiapa

which

on the South Mare

one of the Provinces of

is

on the Weft, Tlafcalla.

The Countrey extendeth it felf upon the South Sea about an hundred Leagues
in length, but from the Sea to the Borders of Tlafcalla, one hundred and twenty
Eaftward not above half fo much having a good Air, and a Soil no lefs fruitful
Guatimala

Mulberry/Trees

and abundance of

efpecially

in

aifordeth,

more than any other Province of

In

Mines of Gold and Silver,

but the Sands of

alfo Cryftal

two

it

Commodities and

rich

be the

wealthier!:,

'tis

which the Countrey

America befides

nor

there being fcarce a River in the

are faid to be Tinctur/d

and Copperefs.

Silks

It

more or

is

it

lefs

rich

whole Countrey

with that yellow Metalyieldeth likewife great plenty oiCafia and Cochinele
lefs

would

the People generally, if they

thought, of any other in Jmerica

take pains, might

But whether

be through
any voluntary contempt of Riches, or through any natural floathfuln efs, as yet
:

they feem to Pine in the midlr. of plenty, living, for the

from Hand to Mouth

better than

mod part

it

of them,

little

neverthelefs, exceeding liberal of

what they
have, efpecially to fuch as bear the Habit of Religion, and attend the fervice of
their Souls
maintaining in a plentiful and good manner, as 'tis faid, no lefs than
;

,.

one hundred and twenty Convents of Religious Men, of feveral Orders, in this
onely Province ; befides Hofpitals, Schools for the training up of Youth, and other places of publick Charity
it is faid alfo to have three hundred and fifty YiU
;
lages,and near as many brave Countrey Houfes. It is fub^divided into many parti-

Divifiort."

cular Provinces

fome

other,

principal

the

which, becaufe they are

we may

whereof are

4. Gua^acoalco.
ter

call Wapentakes,

many and

or Hundreds, rather than Provinces

thefe that follow, <vtZj

and

but fmall, in comparifon of

i.Mtfteca. 2. Tutepecque.

5.

Gue^taxatla

In this

moft
Poifonous

Herb.

3. Zapoteca.

Tract together,

6. the Valley of Guaxata,

full fixteen

Leagues or more, lying about fourfcore

Southward of Mexico,a.nd wanting neither Mines of Gold and

of the prime and beft Commodities of the NeTi?4Vorld.
1

The

from whence Co/t^,afthe Conqueft o Mexico, had his Title given him by the Emperor, Marquefs
of
Valley. It is the richeft and mod pleafant part of the whole Province, extended

in a continu'd

Languages.

Countrey they fpeak thirteen

the Plants

which grow here,

thole whofoe're pluck

Years growth,

it

kills

it,

though

of Languages, of which the Mexican

is

is

an exceeding Poyfonous Herb, which

long time

not before the Years end

Day, on the fame.

This Countrey formerly fuffer'd

end;

nor any other

us'd.

Amongft
kills

forts

Silver,

after, that

if

Moneth

is

to fay, if

old, at the

it

be of a

Moneths

if a

alio

many

inconveniencies by Earthquakes,

but of late^hey are fomewhat abated, which the Spaniards afcribe to Martialk, Protector of tJK\t (Cathedral at Jntequer^
Mifleca

Mijleca

<tl

V.

>hap.

%^ 1 C J.

t<$9

divided into Alta and Baxa, both of which have Rivers and Brooks

is

afford Gold, whither the Indian

tat

Gold

id gather

in

Women

taking Provifions, go for feveral days,

Troughs, which they exchange

at the Sfanijb

Markets for

rovilions.

from the Village Cuertlavaca, lies a high Mountain, remarkable for a

range Cave, whofe Entrance is very narrow, at the end whereof appears a fquare
lace of fifty Foot- upon one fide whereof ftand Pits with Steps ; near which beat the end of which is a fpacious Place
ins a crooked Way of a League long

Not

far

s trangeCave

from the Foot of which flows a fmall Brook

/ich a Fountain of gqod Water
>ut becaufe none have made any farther difcovery of this Cave, the other parts of
:

remain yet unknown.

On the top of St. Antonio, the

with their Families

Indians live

in

Caves between

he Rocks.

from hence appear two Mountains, whofe tops, though they lie at a
diftance from one another, at the bottom they are fo near, that a Man may

Not
reat

far

from one to the other.

The fix Rocks fennoles, formerly Garrifon'd by the Kings of Mexico, have Gold,
^ead-Mynes, and a Root which is us'd in (lead of Soap.
In the Village Totomachiapo, isa Cave of half a Mile long, at the end whereof the
tep

^ater prevents a farther difcovery.

The Rocky Countrey Zapotecas formerly bred very falvage Inhabitants, Mantled
in

Furrs, but

now

The People fpreadover

Guaxacuako,

iccording to an ancient Cultom

[Hmony,

Tluta,

and

Cueztxatla, obferve Circumcifion,

from whence fome have

that thefe Americans iliould be

Tribes of Ifrael

common manner.

Civiliz'd, clad after the

in

vain fought for a

originally extracted

who

but the .Tartar* more immediately,

at laft

from the

te*

fcatter'd

whether Ex-

from

tracted

the

ten

*r

esof
if

croflingthe Straits

of Anian, furnifh'd the defolate Countrey of America with Inhabitants: But this
Opinion is without any probability of truth ; for it will never follow from their

Circumcifion, that the Tartars, the greater! People on Earth, muft

nal to a

them

few

Israelites,

origi-

Ceremony was never thought on by

Prifoners, fince that

they embraced the Mahumetan Religion.

till

owe their

And though

they had been Cir-

cumcised before Mahomet's time, this would be no teftimony that they were ex-

traded from the

Israelites

for

how many

People embracd Circumcifion, which

It is affirm'd by Diodorm Siculus 9 that

were never extracted from Abraham's Seed
by Wilo Judaus, the Egyptians by Herodotus , the Moors by Strabo,
the Cholchians
by Cyprian, the Thoenicians and Arabians Circumcis'd themfelves from
the Troglodytes
'?

-,

all

Antiquity, which

pears

by

to this day obferv'd

by fome of them.

It

alfo plainly ap*

the Prophet Jeremiah, that the Egyptians, Edomites, Ammonites, Moabites,

Ijbmaelites,

and

had the fame Cuftom anciently amongft them.

The Towns of
1.

is

principal note inhabited

by the

Spaniards in this Province, are

Antequera, in the Valley aforefaid, a (lately City,

thedral Church, built with Pillars of the

finer!:

and

beautifi'd

with a

fair

Ca

Marble, of great heighth and

The River which glides by the Walls, fpringing out of the Ground, runs
Mountain Coatlan. Not far from thence lies the Village Herrera, which boafls

bignefs.
to the

four hundred Spamjh Families, though fome fay that the greater! part of
Indians,

2,

who

them

are

pay the Spaniards Cotton Cloaks and Nuts for Tribute.

Illephonfo delos Zapotec as, lies

a falvage, flrong,

on

Mountain belonging

and long=bearded People,

who

to the Mixes, anciently

fpeak a grofs Language, and in

former times went naked, onely a white Deer-skin, Tann'd in Map's Brains, about
their Middle. They maintained continual War againft the Zapotecas, and could
never

^J ^ J

ld

a ges

bfe*ww

AMERICA.

*7

never have been fubdu'd by the Spaniards, had

Chap.

not been for their Dogs, whic

kept them in fuch awe, that thirty Spanijh Soldiers venturcl to live in Ittephom

amongft

who now

thirty thoufand Mixes,

it

Trade

drive a

in Cotton, Mai%e, an

Gold.
San Jago de Nexapa appears at a great diftance on a high Mountain, where

io

twenty Soldiers with

The

4.

laft

Dogs were wont

to

awe the

cruel Natives.

Place, built by Gonzales de SandoV all , Anno 1522.

Commands

Santo,

their

Villages,

fifty Indian

al

which with great

is

Villa

difficulty

del Efpiriti

were broueh

to fubmit to the Spaniards.

The River

Mouth

Jquivkoko affords a convenient Harbor, the

thereof being

hundred and ninety Paces broad.

Upon the

Southern Ocean

Honduras and Tern take in

was

plundered by Sir

firft

The River

Haven

where the Ships that Sail tc

their Lading. The Cuftom-houfe belonging to this Plac<
Francis Drake, and nine years after burnt by Qandifli.
is

the

Guatulco,

which fpringing out of the Mountain Cacatepec, falls into Te>

poanteque, abounds with divers forts of good Fifh,efpecially Cra-Fifh. There areal.
io reckon'd of the Natives of this Province, no lefs than fifteen thoufand Perfons
that pay Tribute to the Spaniards, belides Women and Children, and alfo a great

-number of

Ometipu,

Spaniards,

Sect.

V.

P anuco.
^Anuco

BDUtuJs and
Dsfcription
of Pannco.

is

the moft Northerly Province of IS^ew Spain, by

fome

call'd

Guafieca,

bounded on the Eaft with the Gulf of Mexico on the Weft with Uxitipa, a
Countrey of NeH> Gallicia on the North with fome undifcover'd Countreys
of Florida, from which it is divided by the Quiver off"alms on the South with Mr-,

cboacan

and Mexicmia.

It is call'd

fanuco,

ing from the Mountains Tepecfuan

from a River of

in JS[e^ Gallicia,

and dividing

the Province ofZacatecas, paffeth through the midft of this

laft

Name, which

that

NeTl> Bifcay

Countrey

alfo,

turn*

from

and

at

empties itfelfinto the Gulf.

This Countrey
breadth

lefs in

populous

till

-,

reckoned to be about

is

of a

fruitful Soil,

fifty

Leagues

in length,

having fome Mynes of Gold

the Spa?iiards, about the Year 1522. difpeopled

it

in

it,

by

and not much

and once very

their infatiable

cruelty.
Conqueft of

Before Ferdinand Cortejms, Francis de Garay attempted to Conquer

this

Province,

it difficult.

but

after

much

pains to no purpofe, he return'd with but a fmall remnant of thofe

he carried with him

and

Chila,

yet

it

and though

Cortefius

fubdu'd the Countreys Jyotetextetlatan

was not without many confiderable Loffes

for the Inhabitants

being valiant and cruel, not fearing the Spanijh Bullets, ran

in

made

New

great flaughter, and (according to an old

Cuftom

in

amongft them, and

Spain)

drank

their

Blood.
Barbarous

Cuftoms of
the People.

Thefe People, on

their Feftival

Days

Flaying of Slaves, us'd to pull off the Skins

they walkt about begging

call'd

%aeaxipo Vdi^tli,

which

fianifies

of a certain number of Slaves, with which

Alms from Hut

to Hut,

and whofoever deny'd them,

was fure of a Blow in the Face with the bloody Skin

of which fo long as there
was but one Lappet remaining, they went a Begging and whatfoever they oot,
was employ'd in Uies and NecefTaries belonging to their Idolatry. On the foremention'd Days they alio usW other barbarous Cuftoms, amongft which this was
;

one

hap.

which was to be Offered, to Fight for his

^ife, he had one of his Feet ty'd to a great round Stone, and having a Sword to
>rTend, and a Shield to defend himfelf, Encountrcd with the Prieft, who was Arm'd

me

The

the

ifter

fame manner,

rain'd the

They
idols

Prieft challenging the Slave

Name

conquer'd, he not onely preferv'd his Life, but

of a valiant Man.

with Perfons that were yearly to be OfferM to their

having wafli'd them, they put on them the Clothes of the Idol, and

alfo dealt ftrangely

for after

whom if he

Strange ufage

of Prifaners,

them the fame Name, every one honouring them as a God were permit:ed to walk up and down, but guarded by twelve Men, that they might not
Morejfcape for then the chiefeflof the Guard was to fupply the others place
over, they redded in the chiefefl Apartments of the Temple, eat of the bell,
were fervd like Princes, and attended through the Towns by Perfons of the
greateft Quality, who led them through the Streets ; where they no fooner play d
on a little Pipe, but all People came running to them, fell at their Feet and wor
*ave

fhip'd

and

them

at the

The

In the Night they lock'd them up in

appointed time

chief

Towns now

flay 'd

them

a. Cage,

fecur'd with Iron Bars.,

alive.

remaining, and inhabited by the Spaniards ,are

St. Lewis Towns and

on the Northern Bank of the River Tanuco,

at the very Mouth of it ; where it hath a very large Haven, but fo barr'd with
Sands, that no Ship of any great Burden can enter or abide in it with fafety and
yet the River otherwife fo deep, that VeiTels of five hundred Tun, might Sail up

de Tampice, a

Colony of Spaniards

fituate

Land, and thereby vifit the rich Mynes of 2ata~

and of 2>{ew fit/cay on the other, at pleafure, and without

threefcore Leagues at leaft within

tecas

on

fear

of much oppofition.

2.

from

the

one

fide

of it,

St, SteVan del Puerto,

the Sea, or

Gulf of Mexico,

Province, built by

Cortefius in

the Metropolis, or
ftroy'd

Head

of the fame River, eight Leagues difhnE

prefent the Metropolis or chief Town of the

on the South
at

the place

fide

where flood old Panuco, which was likewife

Town of the Natives,

before the Spaniards burnt and de*

it.

| of*

Villages.

ZJZ

ME

cl/

which

las Valles,

I C

Chap. V,

a Fronteer Place, and enjoyeth certain

fpeciai
fair PoiTeffions alfo for defence of the
Coimtrey againft

Immunities, and fome

is

the

twenty

Leagues diftant from St. Stefan del Puerto, lyina vj

m
open or Champain Countrey, and is fenc'd about with a Wall of
Earth.
F
Miles Philips, an Engli/hman, put afliore by Captain
'vo^e
John Hawkins, in the Bay of
Salvages.

It is

five

New

Spain.Jnnd 1568. luffer'd great hardfliip before he came

to Tannc'o, from whence
returning, he made mention of a City lying along a River
of the fame dcnomina.
tion, (which is there not above two Bowe moots-broad,)
in a pleafant Coimtrey
containing two hundred Spanijh Families,befide the antient
Inhabitants and

1W<//

which
River
hete,

Trade in Salt, which is made in Pans Weftward from

<PMip travelling from Panuco to Mexico,' law by the way
the Villages

all
:

drive a great

by the

the
2V' .

Spaniards call'd Santa Maria,

and a Cloyfter of white Monks

Next he
vkw'dMeftitlan, where fome grey Monks had a Houfe, and the
Town Puchuen,
Anotfe* account of this Province is taken from a Journal kept
by John Chilton
four years after Philip's Voyage he having a Spaniard for
nis Convoy, left Mexico
:

Chih
Journal.

to

find out Panuco-

days time they reached the CityMefiitlan,

where he obferv'd, that twelve Spanijh Families liv'd amongft
thirty thoufand Indians.
The Ci.
ty built on a high Mountain, full of Woods, is
furrounded with Villages, through
which run many brave Springs and the Air about them is
no lefs wholfom than
in three

the

Ground

The

fruitful

Village

a Spanijh

the

Clanchinoltepec,

Nobleman, who

Order there

alfo refide

Moreover, they

banging down

Arrow.

fliaded with all forts of Fruit-ticcs."

more Populous than

Meftitlan,

built a Cloyfter there for nine

Auguftm
in the

tall

belongs to

Monks, of which

City Guaxutla.

travel'd over the plain

to their

They

four times

twelve

inhabited by a

cuylabo,

Highways are

Countrey

Guajiecan,

to the Village

Tal

People, with blue Painted Bodies,

Knees

going

efleem nothing

ftark

more than

and Pleited Hair

naked, but never without a Bowe and

Salt

being the onely Cure againft

their Lips. From hence they
travel'd to Tampice y in which Journey they fpent nine daysand coming thither, were informed
that of forty Chriftiam which dwelt in the fame,
the Indians had flain twelve whilft
they were gathering of Salt. From hence they
came to Panuco y thcn in a manner decertain

(erted

Worms

that

as

grow between

becaufeoftheM^oppreffingtheS^Wi, of which,

were but

ten,

and one

Prieft.

at that time, there

Chilton falling fick

here, refolv'd neverthelefs to

barren place for a better
to which purpofe get-

change that unwholfom Air and

ting a Horfe, he took an Indian behind him for
his Guide, 'but loofing his way in
a
thick Wood, happen'd amongft a Company of
wild People, which dwelt in Straw
Huts, twenty of them immediately funounding
him, brought him fome clear
iweet Water to drink, out of a Gilt Venice Glafs,
which having drunk, two naked
Men led him into the high-way which ended at the Gate of the
Wall'd City Santo
Jago de LsValles, inhabited by twenty five Spanijl? Families, who inform'd Chilton of
the great danger which he had been in
for the People which gave him the
,
Water
were Man-eaters, who not long fince, hadturnt-an
Juguftine Cloyfter, built on a
Mountain, had taken away, and eat the People,of
which they had in all likelyhood
gotten the Venice Glafs
and had they not obferv'd Chilton to'be fickly, he had without doubt been eaten by them, and his Skin,
with fome of his Hair, ( that beinaa

great Ornament amongft them) been hung

about their middle.
.

During Chilton s ftay in St.Jago, Frans de Page came

thither with forty Soldiers
From the Vice-Roy Henry Manriques, and took five hundred
Indians, good Bowe Men
out of the Neighboring Villages, Tanebipa *nd Tameclipa,
with which he defied to
go to the Silver Mines at Zamcca* Chilton joyning with
this Company,canuTto the
:

:reat

"

great River

M E %^I C

*A

Chap. V.
Ve

Lis

Talmas,

which feparates Ney?

Spain

three days in vain, feeking to find a paflage over

ces

A.

27

from

where

Florida,

wherefore they

of Timber, which joyning together, and Handing upon, they

th.ey foenc

at laft

took pie-

wcreTow'd

over

by Swimming Indians being gotten on the other fide, they March'd over flee
Mountains, and thick WildernelTes, and came at laft to Zacatecas, on whofe Silver
;

Mines, the richeft

in all America,

work'd above three hundred

Sect.

Spaniards daily.

VI.

Tabafco.

II

bounded on the North

by the Northern Ocean, and on the Ealt with jucatan and however
fome account it a diftincSt Province, yet others make no mention of it, letting it pafs for that part of Jucatan which lies about the City Tabafco, from which
The Ground level and without Mountains, hath
it feems to be denominated
many great Woods of Cedar-Trees, firafile, and others. Here are alfo many good
For three Moneths
Indian Fruits, as the Manmeycs, Zapotes, Aguacates, and Cuajabos,
*^He

laft

Countrey belonging to
I

NeTt> Spain

is

Tabafco.

Bounds and
Defcription

<T

of ft**/**

they have continually dry Weather, the

of the year being for the moil pare

reft

which viciflitude of Moiflure and Heat makes the Countrey exceeding

fruitful^, infomuch that they have three or four Harvefts of
in a year.
rainy

M^

Vines, Figs,

grow

Lemmons, Oranges,

Rice, Barley, and

here alio in greauplenty.

The

>,.

all forts

of Garden*Herbs

,;

Pools, Brooks and Lakes, abound likewife with

all

manner of

for SeaFifh, befides thc.Tortugas,znd Tguanras, the Manae,oi Sea-Cow,

note.

:.-:;

This

\t

Fifli is terrible

Feet near the

bones

...

Head

in

'

r.

.i

and

of principal

f;.

to behold,

having a Head like an Ox,

Head of Fins, two round Holes

and

like Balls in its Brains, a fhort Tail,

two Dugs, with which

is

FiOi

they fuckle their

briflly

little

in ftead

Skin

Eyes,

of Ears, round

The Females

two r^mim
have

Young.

Peacocks, Pheafants, Parrots, Quales, Hens, Pigeons, with feveral forts of Birds

Buds.

unknown to the Europeans, are here in great abundance.

The Woods alfo abound with Tygers and Lyons, which do no little

B;a&.:

altogether

hurt to the

Wild Hogs, Deer, and Rabbets, are likewife here in great plenty
and Turtles of an exceeding bignefs
Likewife Apes, Polecats, and Squerrils,
which do very much hurt to the Fruit-Trees, efpecially the Cacao, The Mufeicho's

Inhabitants,

are a great

annoyance

to the People, anddifturb their reft at Night.

Since the Spajiiards have conquer'd Tabafco

'

they have fore'd the Inhabitants to

pagingges
Na

of the

obferve

their.

Laws and Cuftoms.:

.They fpeak. three forts of Languages, amongft

which thatmoft us'd, call'd Qhontal, is .copious, of Words. The fecond, Zoques, is
fpoken on the Mountains which divide Cbiapa and Tabafco, The Mexican Tongue
was firft brought thither by the Garrifons which Mutec^uma placed there in the
Forts Zimatlan and. Xkalango,. and

Accents, but
.America,

moft fpoken,

alfo of great ufe, partly becaufe

Tabafcans are

much

it is

la Vtttoria,

in regard

in

far

hath not onely

its -

that

Tongue, with

already mention'd in Jucatan, was fo

from the great Victory which he

when he march'd firft towards Mexico.

Thus

it

underftood in moft places of

made Songs

delighted.

chief City KoftraSennora de

calFd by Ferdinand
Indians

the

and. partly becaufe the Priefts have

which ,the

The

is

is

Cortefius,

-obtained over the

of the Defcription of the feveral Parts and Divifions of ]S(eyt> Spain, dif*

fering

rives.

*A

M E *Kl

Chap. V.

C J.

Cuftoms and Languages, though moft of them have fome affinity with
to the fupream Empire. All
the Mexicans, who by force of Arms had made a way
of them acknowledge a Creator, but have no Name to exprefs the Word God. But
themfelves Gods of many other
befides the Creator oF the World they have made to
fering in

amongft which are the Sun, Moon, Stars, and the Manes of the Dethe Priefts, which was fomeceafed, the'eare of whofe Burial they committed to
others carried their dead Bodies
times in the Fields, fometimes in their Houfes
and as they either burnt or bu.
to the Mountains, fome buried them in Temples
Riches with them, efperied the Body, fo they buried or burnt their Clothes and
the Corps fung a
cially of Perfons of Quality, whilft thofe that accompanied
Creatures

mournful Song; after which they

Feafted.

the Funeral put themfelves all into

out upon the Floor, where he

plement him,

as if living

Mourning.

lies till all his

But

The Heirs of Noble-men that had been at

at the

A Perfon,after he
Friends

come

is

dead,is ftretch'd

to Prefent

and Com*

death of an eminent Perfon they not onely

bring him Prefents, but proffer him his Slaves, Steward, Butlers, Dwarfs, and
Houfliold Prieft, (all which a Lord muft keep) that they may ferve him in the other

World. The Priefts which perform'd the Funeral Ceremonies, walk'd before the
Corps with the Image of the Idol which the Deceafed had appropriated to himQuality, bore the Name
felf, (for every Lord, according to the greatnefs of his
and Apparel of fome Idol or another;) other Priefts beat on Drums, play'd on Pipes
and finging Dirges, perfum'd the Way with Myrrh, whileft the Servants and Re.
a Herauld alfo carried the Coat of Arms and Trolations made a doleful cry
at laft they pyl'd fweet Wood
phies of the Decealed,artificially painted on Cloth

in a
about the Corps, which being lighted, and the Body burnt to Allies, a Prieft
fiery Eyes, came
frightful Drefs, Vizarded with a gaping Mouth, long Teeth, and
an
on a fudden, and with a long Stick ftirr'd the Allies about, and gathering it in

Urn, buried

the

fame with the fore-mention'd things.

The Idols in 2v>>

humane Sacrifices.

Spain are reprefented in terrible Figures, to

which they Offer

The

AMERICA.

Chap. V.
The

divided into higher or lower Orders, acknowledge a fupream

Priefts,

Head, which they

fevv'dViztlipuzji,

^^5

Each Idol had a peculiar fort of Priefts Thofe that

obtained their Places by Inheritance
but others were chofe by
call

Tap as.

Commonalty, unlefs they had been bred Priefts from their Infancy.
The Mexican Cloyfters in the time of Heathenifm .were generally built

the

in

the

Cloyfters dedicated to the

Temples, in a great Tia^a, or fcjuare Court, whei;e for the moft part
two Monaftical Houfes ftood one againft another, the one inhabited by a Fraternity of Reclufes, and the other by a Sifterhood
which Jaft being Maids of

chiefeft

ancient Me-*
xiean Reli-

gion.

twelve or thirteen yrars of age, call'd The

Penitential Daughters,

fwept the Temple,

prepared Meat for the Idols and Priefts, which was plentifully fupply'd from the

Alms and Offerings that were daily brought in to the Priefts, confifting of little
Cakes made like Hauds and Feet, befides other ftrange Meats, which being fet be*
fore the Idols, was loon after taken away again, and eaten up by the Priefts
They
:

were under a Governefs,

the

Temple

ernploy'd them in

and fometimes rofe up with the

Pipes, perfum'd the

their Backs,

who

making Embroideries

to adorn

Mid-night, and play'd on

Priefts at

Temple, and fcourg'd themfelves

till

the

befmearing their Faces therewith, and leaving

it

Blood ran down

on a whole year
-

then going into a large Chamber, where a Ciftern ftood for that purpofe, they
wafli'd

it

oifagain

after

which,

if

they committed the leaft uncleannefs, they were

put to a moft miferable Death; which was judg'd upon feeinga Rat run through

Nuns Chamber, or a Batt flying by it,

by a Moufe or Rat for they fuppofe that
come into a hallow'd place, unlefs denTd.

the

or finding any piece of Cloth

gnaw'n

the fore-mention'd Creatures dare not

In this reclufe

manner

they were onely

confined to live a year, which being expired, they had free leave to Marry.

The Houfe

Nuns

fame fquare place of the Temple, was

inhabited by Youths of eighteen and twenty years of age, whofe Heads were
{haven like Monks, and pleited Tufts hung from the Crown down to their
Backs

oppofite to the

mean and

they liv'd alfo

VeiTels, carried
pu^tli's Altar.

Wood

in the

chafte, kept the Priefts Clothes

for Offerings,

Amongft them were

and Perfuming.

and kept always burning Lamps before

alfo

gather Flowers and Herbs to ftrow the

Boys of

a lefs

Temple with,

Vi%tli~

Age, whofe Office was to

to fharpen the Priefts

Lan*

which they Let themfelves Blood with every Night in the Legs, and carry
them Water. Thefe Youths, Cloth'd in Nets, fell on their Faces on the Ground
when they met with a Woman, and went four and four, or fix and fix together to
ces,

beg Alms, and by turns watch'd the fore-mention'd Fire $, in the Morning they
drew Blood out of their Thighs, with which they anointed their Temples down
to their Ears, and

when

the

Blood look'd black, wafh'd

it

ofTagain in a confecrated

Bath, which, their ftrid and fevere Life endur'd a whole Year.

The

particular Religion of the Mexicans,

compos'd of cruel (laughters and

butcheries of Men, reign'd a long time againft the minds of the other Indians that
were under their Dominion, every one beginning more to abhor the cruel flaying
of living People, and tearing out the Hearts of Men for Offerings; and the rather,
becaufe theywere forc'd to fetch them out of their Enemies Countrey with the hazard of their

own

Lives, infomuch that they were ready long before to have

embrac'd another Doctrine, if any Other Teacher had but appear'd amongft them
which was the chief reafon why they fo eafily receiv'd the %oman Religion
for
when Qortefiws had conquer'd the City Mexico, the Mechoacan Agents entreated him
to fend them Teachers to prefcribe them Laws, according to which they might
j

which had long oppreiVd them, was not to be fufTer'd

any longer, becaufe of the Cruelties which were requir'd of them in the performance thereof,
Their
Ee i

live, becaufe their Idolatry,

Mexlc/tn
ligion
horr'tl

Re-

abby the

neighboring

People,

AMERICA.

ij6
Their Pro-

Their Proceffions were

(lately,

and

ccflions.

fing a Pafte of 'Bledoi-Secd and parched

after this

Chap. V-

manner

Mai^ kneaded

it

The

chiefeft

Nuns

rai-

with Honey ,of which they

whofe Nofe and Forehead

Feathers, and
they drew a blue Stroke V his Head they adorn'd with a Plume of
Box, in the right a crooked Stafflike a Serpent, and
in the left
Wings behind on his Shoulders at the appointed Feaft*day the Nuns meet before

made an

Idol refembling their Deity Vi%tipu%tli, acrofs

HaK#^@#^n^

Sun*rifing, in new white Apparel, with Garlands of Mai*, about their Heads
and Necks, which hung down below the, left Shoulder , their Faces painted

with feveral colours, about their Arms hung Parrots Feathers from their Elbows
down to their Hands Thus adorn'd, they carried the kneaded Idol to a Court,
:

fame Temple, fetching the Idols

blue Throne, with great Reverence fet it down at the lower Step of the Temple,
which was no fooner done, but
at which the people tfoew Dud on their Heads
the Boys ran with all fpeed to the Mountain Chapultepec, a League from Mexico,

where the Youths that inhabited

Cloyder

in the

whither the Multitude following them in manner of Proceflion, made

all

fliort

from thence haftening into the Champain Fields Jtlawhich done, they went to the
cuaVaya, they performed the like Service as before
from whence they came back in all hafte with
Village G^c<m, a League farther
their Idol into Mexico': Wherefore this Proceffioning for its expedition was call'd
Ipaina Fi^tliputli. The Idol being brought into" the Temple, was by four Cords
made faft to his Throne, hoifed up to the Cieling with the noife of Drums and
Prayers and Offerings there

Trumpets, whilft the fore-mention'd Youths drow'd the Temple both within
and without full of Rofes after which the Nuns gave the Boys the refemblances
of Bones made of the fame Dough with the Idol, with which they were to cover
the Floor of the Chappel then appear'd the Temple-Priefts, with Scarfs about
their Bodies, Garlands on their Heads, and Strings with Flowers about their Necks,
each going in order according to his quality to the place where the Bones lay j
;

which being Confecrated with Songs and Dances, were religioufly worfliipp'd for
Bones of the Idol after which fix of the Priefts went down to the Stone Quauxi*
pull'd out ;
calli, on which the Prifoners lying upon their Backs, had their Hearts
which being finifh'd, the Maids and Boys before-mention'd went to meet one ano;

ther,

Dancing to

the found of Pipes,

Drums and Songs

which- their nearer! Rela-

round about them, whither the whole City and Counabout came flocking in great numbers.
high Fead none, upon great Penalties, durft eat any other Food

tions anfwering, Danc'd

trey People all

During this
but the Cakes made of the fame Dough of which
they permitted, though Children, to drink

till

the Idol

was made

neither

were

the Afternoon.

Chappel ftrow'd with Rofes, in which the

Idol fitting, they difrob'd him, broke his holy Arms and Legs into little pieces,
which they didributed amongil the common People, who received them with
great Reverence, and with tears in their Eyes, imagining they eat the Body of their
God for which honour every one paid a tenth part of the Charge which had
Laftly, the Prieft climb'd

up

to a

them how they fhould

which ended, they all
lead their Lives, fince they were united with their God
went to their feveral Habitations in a wonderful good order from the Temple.
Concerning the Mexicans Apparel, it is a fufficient teftimony, that they are no
been fpent

in this high Feaft.

Then

a Prieft admoniflTd

Atof the
Mexicans.

'Ancient
lire

way of the fame original with the feveral barbarous Nations, that run up and
down naked in N^fo Spain for the Inhabitants of Mexico went antiently Cloth'd in
:

Cotton

On

their

Heads they wore

a high

Plume of

red Feathers

about

their

Necks, over their Shoulders, Bread and Back, a kipd of large Thorax of Feathers
curioufly

Chap. V.

curioufly pleited

<tl

each

M E %^ I C

A.

277

Arm adorn'd

with Armlets, and their Middles girt with

broad white Girdles full of red Streaks in ftead of Garters they
wore Laces of
Feathers, as alfo a little above their Ancles.
Their Priefts befmear'd all
;

their

Bodies, efpecially the Head, with an Ointment, whofe fpecial

vertue was to
their Hair grow exceeding long, which they braided with
broad Cotton

make

Strings

they alfo fmutch'd themfelves with a kind of blacking Stuff

when they went to
\
make Offerings to their Idol in Caves, Woods, or on high Mountains,
they be.
dawb'd themfelves with an Ointment made of Spiders, Salamanders^
Adders,
Scorpions and Toads, which the Temple-Boys caught for them
in great abundance. This Ointment they made with many Circumftances .
for having roafled
the fore.mention'd Vermine on the Hearth of the perpetual Fire

before K$Upu#ti'$

Altar, and ftamp'd the fame in a Mortar with Tobacco, living

Scorpions, the Seed
Ololuchqui, (to which they afcrib'd a power of reprefenting
Vifions) hairy Worms,
and Soot, they kneaded all together, put the Ointment in Pots, andplac'd
it before
the Idol, thenceforth reputing it a fanaifi'd Medicine,
that would prove good
againft all

manner of

Difeafes

wherefore the Priefts being always fent for to the

Sick in ftead of Doctors, perfum'd the Patient, fliav'd his Hair,
hung Snakes Bones
about his Neck, and order'd him at a certain Hour to bathe
1

himfelf, and in the

watch before a Firehearth, and to eat no Bread but what
had been
Offer'd to their Idol.
Moreover, the faid Ointment is thought to have
another
power, $& to make thofe that anointed themfelves with the
fame, valiant and
ftrong which the common People believ'd, becaufe the
Priefts would go through
Woods and Wilderneffes that abounded with ravenous Beafts.
Thefe Heathens alfofeem'd to have fomething of Circumcifion
and Baptifm for
they not onely cut off a piece of the Infant's Ears and privy
Members, which they
Offer'd to their Idols, but alfo wafh'd them as foonas
they came into the World,
putting into their Hands fuch Tools as were of ufe in their
Fathers Ptofeflioh.
Their Marriages alfo were celebrated with great folemnity
The Prieft having
ask'd the Bride and Bridegroom, If they would joyn
together in Matrimony?

Night

to

if

shey

Thsir
tial

ties

Nup-

Solemni-

278

M E<KI C

Chap. V.

A.

they both confented, hety'd the Brides Scarf, and Bridegrooms Coat together,and
fo accompanying them home, led them nine times about the Fire-hearth : If the

Bride had no Impediments, then the Bridegroom made Prefents to her Father and
Mother, Offerings to the Gods, and a brave Dinner to the nearefl Relations ; after

which an Inventory was drawn of what each of them had brought, that upoa
their being Divorc'd, (which was very common amongftthe Mexicans) each might
have his (hare ; and if they had Children, the Man was to keep the Sons, and the

Woman

the Daughters

nor were they permitted^on pain of death,being once part-

ed, to joyn together again.

The

Feafl

Texcoak.

On

May they kept the

the ninteenth of

whom they

Feaft Texcoalt, Confecrated to the Idol

which was done after this manner

Towards the Evening the Multitude coming into the Temple, the Priefts pulling
off the Idols old, put on new Apparel, hung him full of Precious Stones and Arm*
lets, fet Plumes of Feathers on his Head t which done, the Curtains behind which
he flood, were drawn, and a Prieft Cloth'd exactly like the Idol coming forth,
turn'd himfelf round, blow' a kind of Trumpet towards the four Winds, and ate
whereof thofe which had committed any
Earth, which all the People imitated
Te^catlipuca, before

Offer'd a Slave,

hainous Offence, Offer'd Incenfe to the Idol, and weeping begg'd forgivenefs of
their Sins. Thofe that were Soldiers befought him to grant them ftore of Prifoners,

and ftrength to conquer their Enemies for which they would return him thanks
with Offered Prifoners.
This Feaft oTexcoalt lafting ten days, ended on the twenty ninth of May with
peculiar Ceremonies; for in the Morning a company of Priefts, black all over,
in which fat their
carried on their Shoulders a large Chair of State richly adorn'd
Idol Te%catlipuca, and Priefts with long pleited Hair, and Clad in the fame Apparel with the Idol, which they fet down at the Foot of a pair of Stairs which led up
to a Chappel ; whither the attendant Youths and Virgins came and fpread Car;

and green Boughs ofManghey after which two Priefts carried the
Idol into a fpacious Court in the Temple, feveral others walking before, each with
when they threw their Perfumes on the Confecrated Hearth,
a perfuming Veffel
they held their Hands towards the Idol, defiring him that he would fend their
Next followed the Multitude, who fcourg'd themfelves till
Prayers to Heaven
the Blood ran down from their Backs. So foon as the Proce/fion was ended,
the reprefented Te%catlipuca was hoifed up to the Cieling, and abundance of Flowers
which done, every one went home to Dinner, whilft
ftrow'd before the Altar
Laftly,
the Youths and Virgins adorn'd the Idol, and plac'd Meat before him
the Votareffes came two and two with Baskets of Bread, and Dimes of Meat
their Governefs in a white Sur-Coat over a red Veft, with Wings on her Shoulders, and broad Girts, at which hung Calabajhes fill'd with holy Rellicks and
pets before

it,

Flowers

me

Moreover,

conducted the Votareffes to the Steps of the Altar on

where having eaten Bread they came back, and the Temple
Servants went in their places, and carried the Meat which ftood on the Altar to the
Priefts Cells, who by that time were to have Faffed R\c days : this done, the Peo-

which

ple

the Idol fat

came

Slave,

all to

who

the

Temple

again, to be prefent at the end of the Feaft

had reprefented the Idol a whole year, appear'd, to

whom

then a

everyone

having (hew'd Reverence, the chief Prieft cutting open his Breaft, tore the Slave's
then the Confecrated
Heart reaking out of his Body, and {hew'd it to the Sun
;

Youths and Maids made

the

Body

till

Sun*fet

a great noife with

Drumming, Singing and Dancing about

which the Virgins going up to the upper Chappel,

made up like dead Mens Bones and Heads, before the Idol,

after
;

plac'd Bread and Fruit,

where,

a-

<d

Chap. V.
Where, after

had ftood a

it

M E^I

little

C m.

while, the Servants went up and fetched

it

79

down,

Maids went to their feveral Cloyfters.

Much after the fame manner, and with fuch like brutifh Ceremonies, not worth
mentioning, was alfo celebrated the Feaft of Quet^aatcoalt.
In the inner part of the Temple flood a Stage, on which upon Feftival Days the
People Acted Drolls ; in which they fometimes feign'd themfelves deaf, blind,

whilft the Youths and

lame, and the like, and begg'd to be cur'd of their Idols

like

fometimes were drefs'd

Serpents, Adders, Crocodiles, or other ravenous Beads, in which poftures
j

they fought one with another.

c em putatiThofe Feafts were all kept on certain times, according
to the Mexican Alma- onofTimeamon g the
nack, in which the Year was divided into eight Moneths. and each Moneth into Mtxuans.
forty five Days,which together made three hundred and fixty The five remaining
Days, to compleat the Year, they kept apart, on which all Affairs whatfoever were

11111

laid afide, as Selling,

ft

Buying, Offerings, &c* nothing

elfe

being thought on but

away of the time. The firft Day of their Year

of February. Each Moneth had a peculiar Name and Sign,

Feafting one another for the paffing

was on

the twenty fixth

Moreover, they divided the Year into four parts by as many Reprefentations, V^. a
Houfe, a Rabbet, a Cane, and a Flint to ftrike Fire with and Figur'd it out by
a Wheel with four Spikes jutting out round about it, colour'd green, red, blue, and
yellow, and in the middle thereof a Sun ; each Spike fignifi'd thirteen years,
wherefore it had thirteen Divifions, diftinguifli'd by the four fore*mention'd Re

At each Divifion of the Wheel they fet down what remarkable

things fhould happen that year by certain Characters ; as, a Man in red Apparel
typifi'd that Year when Ferdinand Qortefins, Clad in Red, conquer'd Mexico. When
the Wheel was fill'd with fifty two years Prognostication, then on the laft Night
they broke all their Pots and VelTels in pieces, and blew out their Candles, becaufe
they believ'd,that at the end of the faid fifty two years the World would be at an
But fo foon as
end,and therefore they had no need of HouflioldftufF,or ought elfo
the Day appear'd again,they play'd on Pipes,Trumpcts, and Drums,rejoycing that
God had deferr'd the deftruction of the World fifty two years longer } then they
bought new Utenfilsand Candles, and made folemn Proceflions.
Concerning the Art of Writing amongft the Inhabitants of New Spain, Jofeph
Acofta tells us,That fome old Books, containing ancient PalTages, the Courfe of the
Heavens, nature of Beafts and Plants, were found mjucatan, according to the Re*
lation of a Learned Indian, but were all burnt by Command of a Spanijb Bifhop, be*
caufe he fuppos'd them to be full of Matter touching the Black Art. Their Hiftoprefentations

ries

Artpfwrf:

they defer ib'd with the Reprefentations of the Things. Rhetorick and Poetry

the Children were taught

they had once learnt.

by Rote

But

in the Schools, fo that they never forgot

what

at prefent they ufe Spanijh Letters or Characters.

Moreover** the Government of Mexico hath ever been kept in a good Order, the
r
King's Power being exactly limited, that nothing might be loft of the common

Ancient

G -

vcrnraent.

Priviledges.

and Tacuba y

The fourth King Icoath made Earls, who next to the Lords of Te^cuco
had right to the Crown
which was like a Mitre turn'd up behind,and

riling before

in

with a Point.

in

Power, fo they advanced

which Mutec^uma the Second exceeded all others And to

fplendor, his Houfe for all forts of Creatures, and many other things,

Royal Dignity

manifeft his

According as they increas'd

might ferve for a

in

fufficient

teftimony

RiverFifh in frefh Water, and

all

for in

it

he kept Sea-Fifli in

manner of Beafts

in peculiar places

fait

Water,

The

Birds

were kept in great Aviaries, furrounded with golden Rails. Next to the Kings follow'd four Earls call'd Jtlacohecalcatl, which fignifies frinces of the Throne Launces SL
y

Weapon

IlLr

a M E %1 C

%%o

Weapon much us'd amongft

catl

or Maiuciea^ers

the Mexicans.

The

Chap. V.

A.

next in Degree were the Tlacate-

Efamhuacatl, or Bhodfredders

Tfallancalqui, or Lords of 'Black*

King durft not take any Buiinefs in hand. High and

leiTer Courts of Judicatory, where Matters of Life and Death were try'd, were in
moft Cities and other Courts alfo for petty Quarrels, Controverfies, and the
The Collectors brought their Revenues to the Court every Moneth. The
like.
chief thing which preferr'd both Rich and Poor to Places of Honor, confifted in

nefs,

without

which

all

the

Valour and heroick Exploits. Their Arms were chiefly fliarp pieces of Flint made
They
fall: to a Stick, with which they could at one Blow chop off a Horfes Head.
For defenfive Armour,
alfo us'd Pikes, Clubs, and Lances, and fometimes Slings
:

they had Helmets and Shields,

always

fell

upon

their

made of Tygers, Leopards, and Lyons

Enemies unawares,

Prifoners rather than to kill them

Mutec^uma made feveral

Idols.

their

They

Skins.

Defign being generally to take

for they referv'd

them

for Offerings to their

Commanders

over his Armies,

giving them a

which were to be diftinguifh'd by feveral Marks for

the chiefeft ty'd the Hair on the top of their Heads with a red String, betwixt
which ftuck a brave Plume of Feathers at the end whereof hung as many TaiTels

Power one above

the other,

had done noble Exploits. To this Order belong'd alfo the King, who wore
one of the fame Marks, with which King Muteczyma and his Son ftand Carv'd on a
as they

The

Rock.
J^nights

Jyulas, or The Order of the Eagle,

were of

lefs

Quality, and wore Collars which reach'd

Body being naked. Perfons of greater Dignity when going

War, were Arm'd from Head to Foot Which Order was alfo permitted to

the lower part of their

to the

Men. The Grey

up to their Ears,

confifted of valiant

wear Cotton-Clothes, and Shoes richly embroider'd with Gold and Silver they
us'd painted Veifels, and had Lodgings provided for them at Court,
Moreover, it is worthy ofobfervation, what great care the Mexicans took in the
to which purpofe they had Schools near to their
bringing up of their Children
-

Their

Eda

cation of

Youth.

which Youth was taught to Sing, Dance, Morality, Obedience, and

Children of noble Extract had Learned Men for their
alfo Martial Difcipline.
Tutors. Their Punifhments for Tranfgreflions were very fevere, the Mailers for*
Temples,

in

cing their Scholars to Fall and Watch, carry great Burthens of Provifions to the

Army, and be

in the midft

of Engagements.

Others, whofe

Fancy led them to a

holy Life, willingly embraced the Services of the Temple.

Their maancr of Dancing.

Their manner of Dancing in New Spain was very ftrange and differing they us'd
pretty Inftruments, and Songs which contain'd antique Parages, according to the
Times ; they in their Motions imitated Shepherds, Fifher-men, Plowmen, Hunters, and the like
Sometimes they Danc'd in Mafcarades, with a Man on their
Shoulders, making the fame Motion with his Hands in the Air, as the other with
his Feet on the Ground. They had alfo Tumblers and Dancers on the Ropes,
which fhew'd ftrange Tricks on an erected Pole. But above all Dances, the Mitotes
was the chief, which was generally Danc'd in the King's Palace, or inner Court of
the Temple
in the middle of which they plac'd a great Drum and a hollow Tub
on a large Image round about which the moft eminent Perfons made a Ring, Sang
fweetly, and Danc'd leifurely, when on a fudden two that are more nimble,
with divers Motions came into the midft of them, and Danc'd exactly after the
found of the Drum and hollow Tub, which was feconded with the noifeof Flutes
;

and Pipes.

CHAP.

AMERICA.

Chap. VI.

C H A

New

NE

Gallicia,

by fbme

P.

aS*

VI.

Gallicia.

call'd Guadalajara,

from the chief City. This whole

Province is the moft Northern Countrey of all Jmerka,
that is inhabited
to any purpofe by the Spaniards, Here, 'tis
true, they

M4

m&i

are fcatter'd

up and
huge diftance, and for the moft part onely
where the Mines are. It is bounded on the Eaft and to the South,
with the Kingdom of Mexico or Afw Spain on the Weft, with the Gulf or Bay of
.'
California
Northward, for fo much as is yet difcover'd, with QuMra and
Cibola, lying between
eighteen and twenty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude,
that is, from La Nativi.
lad, a Port fo nam'd by the Spaniards, in the
Confines of
Spain, to the moft
Northerly Borders of Cinoloa, a part of this Province,

down

in all the parts

of

it,

but

it is

at a

%&

containing, as is fuppos'd,
than three hundred Leagues in length, and
in breadth much more and whereof not a tenth part is either us'd or frequented
by the Spaniards.
The Air is generally here very temperate, inclining rather to
Heat than Cold, rmrSjm
and fubjea now and then to fudden Storms of
Rain, and great Claps of Thunder,
which yet do not hinder, but that the Countrey is held
"^
to be reafonably healthful
and the People obferv'd to live generally to a
good old Age. The Soil, by reafon
of the Cl.mate, would be a little inclining to
Drought, but that, befides the frequent Rains winch it hath, it is conftantly moiftned
with frefii Morning

not

much

lefs

S*St

which make

Dews'

for the

moft part wonderfully fruitful, almoft beyond

belief yieldl
ng for every Bufliel of Wheat that is fown, threefcore , and of Mai two
hundred
K
for one
befides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and
Cocbinele
both which neverthethe
Spaniards
are
faid to negleft in fome fort,
less
employing themfelves wholly
about richer Commodities
for the Countrey affords them good ftore
of Mines of
Stiver and Brafs, but of Gold or Iron, not
many as yet have been found. The Rivers abound plentifully with Fift, and the
Woods with Venifon, and fome other
Wild Beafts. The Countrey is generally more
mountainous than plain, frequently
fliaded with Woods, and whole Forrefts of
the ftatelieft Pine.Trees and Oaks that
ate to be feeo, amongft which breed
abundance of Wolves, which
it

do

chiefto the People, as alfo Scorpions and

Muftiecbos.
Scorpions, are heal'd with the Juice of the

The Hurts

Fruit call'd Queon- thofe

by Vinegar and the Juice ofLemmon. Here

accounted a foveraign Medicine againft the
Gravel.

jftecbo's,

is

from

to this Countrey, are, the Tunas,- already

fpoken
thought to be the fame we vulgarly call
Indian F, -Trees,

guilh d into

The

receiv'd

from

the

Mu-

likewife a green Stone

The Trees peculiar

mala and

great mif-

of in Guati- s-*i 4

and are

diftin.

fix forts.

by the Tortuguefe call'd Cardan, hath fiiarp

Prickles, thick Leaves, Full
or ihmy Juice, an odoriferous
Flower, oval Fruit, covered with an Orange,
colour d Rind and fmall Roots
The Fruit within confifts of a white juicy, and
well tailed Pulp, full of black Seed.
firft,

The

fecond hath a round

Body

of Boughs, with Star-like Prickles hanging downwards, the Flower

white, and the Fruit very like that of the Mon,
^
full

onely fmaller,

The

MM

fefe

a8z

The

third

is

M E%^I C

which fhoots up to

the Caxabra,

Chap. VI.

A.

Tree full of prickly Cods ;

the Fruit, which is as big again as

a great

grows a large white Flower

an Egg, ispleafant and cooling.
The fourth fort hath a ftraight Body full of Prickles, runs lefler and lefTer to the
at the end of the fmall Boughs, each thick Leaf produces another 5 the Wood,
top
at the utmoft end

if

kindled, burns like a Candle.

The

nam'd Cumbeba, grows out of fmall Roots, with three or four corner'd
thick Leaves, full of Prickles, the Flower fomewhat lefs than the former, the Fruit
The Prickles of this Qumbebd'
oval, hard and red, having a white and juicy Pulp
Tree are fo (harp, and flick in fo deep, that they can fcarce be pull'd out. This is
that fort of Tunas that produces Cocbinele, which is a Worm that grows under the
fifth,

Leaves, and

is

covei'd with a Skin, which being neatly taken offand dry'd in the

Sun, as formerly mention'd, becomes a rich Commodity. Jofeph de Acojla

that the Spanijh Fleet, Anno

two hundred
But the

578. carried fo

much

Cocbinele to Spain,

eighty three thoufand feven hundred and

laft fort

of the Tunas

is

the Unirumbeba,

fifty

as

tells us,

amounted

to

Ryals.

which hath a

ftraight

Body

full

of Prickles, on the top whereof grow divers prickly Leaves, not unlike thofe of
the Palm*Tree
It is on ely found in barren places, remote from the Sea.
:

Moreover,
as
The Root
CafiantitUi.

ghcBatata.

all

kind of Fruits tranfplanted hither from Spain thrive very well,

Apples, Pears, Granats, Figs, Peaches, A pricocks, Muskmelons, &Ci

The Root Caflanuela affords a much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns. But a
mongft many other Roots which are found here, as the Xiqubnas, faca, Cochuco,Qari,
j^otora anc Mani, the chief
|

is

the Batata,

which

is

fat,fweet,

and windy

it

runs over

Ground with a tough green Sprig, the new Fibres taking Root difperfedly up
the Leaf refemand down, being yellow without, and within full of milky Juice
bling a Heart, is of a pale yellow colour on the top, and donuy underneath
It is divided into three forts.
roafted in Allies, it eats better than a Turnip
the

The

firft, call'd

Skye-colour

Omenapo-yeima y whenboyl'd, fliews like red

the innermoft Skin,

which

is

(Betel,

but Dyes of a

of a dark Re,d, yieldsan Ink4ike Juice.

The

The
and

M E%^I C

of

Chap. VI.

fecond fore, call'd Parro,

J.

from the

differs little

283

firft,

onely the Body, Root,

Veins of the Leaves, are of a Purple colour.

The

third fort Jettope, being white,

hatha very good

rellifli,

and cures the

Ague.

The

Pepper, which

more by being

here call'd Axi,

is

often water'd

fmell, and tafte one

there are of

from the other

musky

grfws

it

for one fort

and one fort

Veins and Kernels thereof are eaten with Salt.

fort yields a

The Herb

ftrong

fcent

Cevadilla cures all

in

the

warmed: Valleys, and the

divers kinds, differing in colour,

green, yellow, or red

is
is

fliarper,

another

another milder: the

manner of Sores.

This Countrey alfo breeds an innumerable company of Deer, Hogs, Goats

Sheep, Oxen, and Hovfes and of hurtful Creatures, Pifmires, which do great

BeafV

mifchief to the Plants, and Locufrs, which

fall in

huge fwarrns on the Corn

cannot be frighted from the fame by any means whatfoevet.

is

alfo

no fmall prejudice

The

down from

a fteep

The want of Water

to the Fields.

biggeft River,caH'd Guadalajara , with

into the Southern Ocean

and

many windings

runs North*weftward

and four Leagues from the City of the fame, falling

Rock,

it

makes fuch a horrible

which approach the fame.

The Lake Mechoacan opens here

noife, that

it

deafens thofe

with a wide Mouth.

The River before mentioned, produces all manner of Fifli in great abundance
5
and alfo a fort of Hedge-hogs, call'd Iguana, which live both in the Water, and on
the Land, and are of two forts
The firft, call'd Semmbi, is four Foot long, of
alfo

Two forts

of

Hedge-hog

deep green colour, with black and white Spots, hath a fcaly Skin, white Spots on
each fide of the Head, a row of {harp Prickles from the Head to the Tail,
wide
Noftrils, great black Eyes, and little Teeth. The fecond fort, call'd
Tejaguacu, differs from the firft, in having white Spots on a brown Skin, a longer
Tail, and a
red Tongue, which

is flit.

Both

forts are reported to fa ft eight

Moneths together

and though often terribly wounded, and dead to all imagination, yet live a great
while after and though they fwim up and down in Rivers, yet they Lay their
Eggs in the Sand
their Flefli boyl'd is both wholfom, and of a good relifli.

The

which inhabit NewGallkia,drive a confiderable Trade in Merchandizing, Husbandry, breeding of Cattel, and working in the Mines
They ufe
Wayns and Carrs, drawn by Oxen, Mules, and Horfes,to carry their Loads, as affoSpantfh Weights and Meafures. They are little troubled with any other Mifchiefs
Spaniards

but what

may happen from

the treacherous Natives,

run into the Woods, that there they

may

who

The manner
of the Span)~
ardi living.

take all opportunities to

exercife their Pagan Religion in

freedom

which having fpent fome time, they gather a confiderable number together, and
oftentimes fall unawares on the Spaniard*; who ufe Leather Shields and
Helmets,
and furr'd Cotton Clothes, to fecure them from the Arrows which the Indians, lyin

ing in Ambufcades, fhoot at them out of the Buflies.

The Natives, though fubtile,are lazy, and will not work, unlefs for great Rewards. They wear Cotton Shirts, fquare Cloaks of the fame Stuff,

made

fa ft

with

two Buttons on their Breafts Drawers, and foal'd Shoes

Flag.Matts ferve them
for Beds, on which they lie under Cotton Clothes
About their Necks, Arms,
.

and Legs, they wear green Stones, and Snale Shells for an
Ornament.' Their
peateft Recreation is Dancing, their Mufick being nothing elfe but
the noife or
round ofa piece of hollow Wood.
Horfe.flefli, and Bread made bfMai^ is by
:herh

hem

accounted a great Dainty.

j

but

much more

the

Wine

The Drink
that they

Cacao

is

alfo highly efteem'd

make otJMaquey, which

is

the

amongft

wonderful

The Nature^
Habits, and
Cuftoms of
ths Natives.

aME
ful

Tree

that affords

many

<KI C

neceffary things, Yi^.

Chap. VI.

Syrrup, Honey, Oyl, Vinegar,

every Man making it his Bufinefs to plant and

Yarn, Needles, Water, and Wine
preferve the fame with great care near his Houfe, notwithstanding they grow in
;

feveral places of the Fields

drawn

they have broad thick Leaves with fharp ends, out of

Thorn, which

them for a Needle or Pin. Thefe Leaves

have a hairy Filament about them, which ferves in ftead of Thred
the young
Sprout being cut, produces a fweet Juice, which boyl'd, makes good Wine
when
grown fowre, ferves for Vinegar but being twice boyl'd, becomes a Syrrup and
being hung over the Fire a third time, a perfect Honey
Alfo the Wood being
fpungie, keeps Fire as well as Match. Moreover, the Inhabitants when they travel
carry Leather Bags with them full of Qacao, Mai^ and Pepper, mix'd toaether.

which

is

ferves

Over each Village in this Countrey the Spaniards have plac'd an Indian fafique
Alcalde, and Alguazjl, where all forts of Provifions are fold at a Set-price.
The Cafiques are fuccecded by their Heirs, who refent nothing worfe than Affronts, and take pride in nothing more than their Valour.
The Moors or Negro's which are brought hither from Guinee, do all manner of
hard Labour.

The

and Guamares area valiant People, and have each their peculiar
Language, utterly different from the Mexican,
Divifion of

Nova

Guachichiks

This Countrey comprehends

thefe inferior Provinces

Guadalajara

i.

Xa-

z*

G.://;-

cia.

Ufco

Qhiametta

4. Couliacan

^.Cino4oa-3

all

of them on the Weftcrn hore

which fome add Nova <Bifcaia and NyVa Mexico, though others
diftinft Countreys apart from the reft.

6. Zacatecas y to

of them

as

Sect.

treat

II.

Guadalajara.
Bounds of

Uadalajara

bounded on

is

Guadalajara.

Weft, with NeH> Spain

the Weft, wit; Xalifco

and on the North, with

trey exceeding pleafant,

ally in

Mines of

its

Silver.

It is

and

rich in all

on the South and SouthZacatecas.

It

is

Coun-

kind of Commodities, but efpeci-

well water'd with the River Barania 7 which run<

neth through the midft of it, and with divers other Streams

both Wheat, Mai^, and fome other Grain. In a word, there

is

yielding abundantly

nothing

faid

of the

properties of ls(ew Gallicia in general, either for Soil, Climate, or People, but

is

pe-

culiarly verifl'd of this Province.

Towns and
Cities.

The

chief Towns are

1.

Guadalajara,

which gives

Name

to the

whole Province.

on the Banks of the River &ara?iia, in a moft delectable and fweet Air,
and a rich Soil, by advantage whereof it is become the Metropolis of New Gallicia,
honoured with an Epifcopal See, which was tranflated thither from QompofielU in
It is

feated

the Year 1570. with the Courts of Judicature, and the Refidence of the King's

Treafurers for that Province.

de Guzman, in the

This City was

built

on

by T^unnes^
ftore of Timber.

the Plain Molino,

Year 1531. The neighboring Mountains afford

All manner of Sfanijh Plants grow here likewife in great plenty. In the City
Cathedral, feveral Cloyfters, inhabited by Juguftine and Francifcan Monks.

BiOiop of

is

The

City belongs to the Arch.bifhop of Mexico. The Air very temperate, neither molefting the Inhabitants with too great Cold, nor excefs of Heat.
2,

St.

this

Maria de

a Fronteer Place^
mec<s }

which

los

Lagos, a

and

built

are a barbarous

Town

thirty

on purpofe

Leagues Eaftward of Guadalajara, being

to fecuie the

Countrey againft the

Cliche-

and unreduced People of the North-Eaft parts of this

Countrey,

'

AMERICA.

Chap. VI.

who harbouring themfelves in Caves under Ground in the thicken;

of
huge Woods and Forrefts, do oftentimes iffue out, and make foul fpoil
m
Countrey,

the

Countrey where they come, having firft intoxicated themfelves with

a Liquor
made of certain Roots, and would do much more harm, if k were
not for

this

Garrifon.
Del Spiritu Santo, built by the Founder of the other two,
tf Uunne^ de Gutman aforefaid, in a part of the Countrey which they call Tepeaue.
3.

Sect.

III.

Xalifcd.

XAUfco, or Gakfco,

as

fomecall

it, is

bounded on

the North, with Couliacan 1

on the South, with fome parts of Kelt, Spain
on the Eaft, with the Province o Guadalajara, and on the Weft, with the Gulf
or Bay of California
The Countrey is chiefly fertile in MajK and Mines of Silver, not
altogether fo apt
for Herbage and Pafture as fome other Countrey* about
it. The People were
Can.

nibals

Bounds and
Defcriptiott ;

of XalijcK

before the Spaniards

given to

came amongft them, eating Man's.flefli were

much
;
quarrelling and Contention amongft themfelves,
but by this time

'tis

fuppos'd they are reafonably well rccirim'd both from the

one andthe other.
In this Countrey, befides mauy crLer goodly Streams,
is the great and famous

River

on

Towns

Banks whereof are feated moft of their

principal Towns
as 1. Xalifco, which gives Name to the wKole Province,
and to a large Promontory
or Foreland on the Weftern Coafts, which moots it felf out
into the Bay of California, right over againft certain Iilands, which the Spaniards
call The Three Maries.
This was an ancient City or Town of the Natives, but fack'd and
<Barania,

the

of

chief mots.

taken by 2tynne%

de Gufman, in the Year 1530.

by the afo efaid Gufman, and fo nam'd from

the City in
Spain, fo famous for the Grave of James the
Apoftle, who (according to the \oman
Writers) was buried there, lies near the South Sea on
a barren Soil, within the
Torrid Zone
yet the Ground breeds many forts of Vermine,
befides other noxious
Creatures
amongft which the Qapybara roots up whole Trees and
other Plants in
the Night. This Beaft, rcfcmbling an indifferent
large Hog, hath friort Legs and
Claws, thick Head, with a Beard, wide Ears, and on each
Jaw-bone twenty four
Teeth, befidestwo Tusks, but no Tail
it goes flow, but fwims exceeding
faft
and dives under Water for a confutable time together they
often feed together
in great Herds, and make a terrible noife.
2.

built

Compoftella,

3.

la

Purification, a

(mall

Town

on

the Sea fide, towards the Confines of

New

am*

Sect. W.

Chiametla:

AGainft Xalifco juts Chiametla, along the South Sea, where the Inhabitants
Jort Cloaks, and Deer-skin Shoes

wear **** u

and in the Wars ufe Shields made of

"T*

upon

T wigs twifted together. The Women, which

are indifferent handclad down to their Feet.
d7 Wn f this Province is Sant Sebaftianj fo call'd from the River

itrong

10m, are

JlVa
which
it ftand:

it

was

built

by Captain

Francifcusde Ivarra > Anno 1554,

* f

^n

who

difco.

ierins

*?*

ME

*A
vering

many

<Kl C A.

made feveralMelring*houfes,

Silver Mines, hath

VL

Chap.
which the

in

Silver

being melted fwims upon the Lead.

V.

S e c t.

Couliacan.
BnunJs

of

CoMliaeatt.

NExt

Weft ward and Southward of Cmoloa y

to Chiametla,

ing

along the Bay of Qalifomia, which

all

Eaft

it

hath

New

Bifcay

and on the South,

defective in any kind of neceflary Provifion, but

it

hath on the Weft

Xalifco.

more

Coaft-

lies Couliacan,

The

on the
Countrey is not
}

aboundeth with
the Mines, of which they have
efpecially

it

But the Spaniards look onely at

fome few in this Countrey. The People were generally Cloth'd with CottonWooll when the Spaniards came firft amongft them, but yet never a whit the more

Fruits of all forts.

modeft, being exceedingly given to Venery, and that in a more fliamelefs and
beaftly manner than many other Americans who went naked.

The

Towns;

Towns are

Spanifh

thefe,

i. Hiuftula, feated

on the Banks of a

fair

River,

Journey from the Sea. 2. Quinola, 3. Quatrobarr'ws, an old

Town of -the Natives, but new nam'd by the Spaniards. ^.ElLeont an old Bur*
rough. 5. Qouliacan, the chief Town of the Province. 6\ St* Michael, in the Valley
of jtrroba, two Leagues diftant from the Sea, in a rich and plentiful Countrey, both
diftant about a days

Corn and

was remov'd from the Banks of the River Orala y

where it firft ftood it was built by Nunne^ de Gufman in the Year 1531. after he
had burnt the Towns, and deftroy'd a great number of the Natives, Inhabitants of
for

whither

Fruit,

it

the Countrey.
Huntley dt

Gufman

firft

Difcoverer

*i

ofthisCounsrey.

This Countrey was firft difcover'd by the aforefaid Nunne^ de Gufman (after he
had built Guadalajara} after this manner
Marching from Qnametla to Tiat^ala, he
ruin'd this Province with Fire and Sword
he likewife conquer'd the Countreys
of Zapuatun and Tia^tla^ the firft being a Plain, lay inclos'd within high Mountains, where the Spaniards met none but Women, till they came to a great River
call'd De la Sail, whofe Banks on each fide were well inhabited
the fecond juts
:

againft the Ocean, and

is

water'd by a River of the fame Denomination.

within the Houfes, (which are built

after a ftrange

manner)

Here,

lay thoufands of Ser-

pents mingled together, with their Heads flicking out on the top and at the fides,

and

hiffing

with open

Mouth

at thofe

Ihew'd great Reverence to thefe Serpents, becaufe

peared to

them

in that

form.

And

The

which approached them.

this

(as

Inhabitants

they faid) the Devil often ap-

feems to be a Cuftome amongft them from

Serpents
worftiipp'd

by the Na-.
eivcs.

the Tradition of Eves being tempted by the Devil in the fliape of a Serpent

was

this Superftition peculiar

onely to thefe

Indians,

forafmuch

as divers

Nor

Nations

of the ancient Heathens of other parts of the World, worfliipp'd the Likenefs of a
Serpent.

And

even amongft the Greeks, according to Plutarch, Hefychim,

and others,

Clemen's

was no unufual thing in their religious Worfhip to call

on Eva, and at the fame time to fhew a Serpent. Tlutarchus and JElidnus fay, That
the Egypt tans honour'd a Serpent for their God. The fame faith Erafmus Stella of

Alexandrinus,

the old TruJIians

Sarmatians

it

Sigifmund Baro, of the Liflanders

and Samogethes.

and

Moreover, fome write, that

.Alexander Guaginus,

of the

Province of

Calecut

in the

are Serpents with exceeding great Heads, and weighing as

to

which

the King;

{hews creat Reverence

fo that

it

much

as a great

Hog,

feems the Devil takes delight

to be worfliipM in chat fhape wherein he work'd the Fall of

Man -kind.

Gufman leaving Tia%tla march'd to Bayla, where he found the great River

MugereM

T>e

AMERICA.

Chap, VI.
.

z%y

AttMwtaMIRtiiMMKMMi

gem, and the Countrey

full

of

Woods and

Paftures

thence travelling upwards

along Muguens, they afcended to the top of a Mountain, where they were affaulted
by the Inhabitants of the aforefaid Village Quinola, whom neverthelefs they foon

put to

but not long after received a fhrew'd Repulfe at the Entrance into a
built full of Houfes
yet neverthelefs being at length Conquerors, though
;

flight

'

Wood

not without

they march'd farther in amongft the Mountains, till

their Provisions beginning to growfcarce, and they feeing no likelihood of
getfufficient lofs,

ting to an end of this troublefom Journey, at laft their Neceffities forc'd

them to

retire.

The Flood which comes

out of the Sea up to the City

St. Michael,

through the

Tfee '

River Qgnatlan, abounds with FifTi, and efpecially the Guarapucu, which is feven
Foot long when it comes to its full growth
it hath no Scales, but a fmooth Skin
;
of a Silver colour mix'd with Green
from the Head to the Tail runs a crooked
Line of thin Scales on each fide it fwims exceeding fwift, feeds on leffer. Fifties,
:

and fpawns in the Sea

againft Winter.

the Flefti being

At the fame Place

is

wholfom and good

alfo the firacarba,

to eat,

is

faked up

which (Lines exceedingly,

having Silver-colour'd Scales, abroad flit Tail, a long white Beard, four great
Fins, and a little Head. Farther into the Sea are a fort of flying Fifli,
call'd Tira-

which

by thoufands up out of the Water, fo efcaping the Dolphins and

other Fifli which prey on them
yet fometimes they are fnatch'd up by the Birds,
or elfe by the Fifties, when they dive down into the Water to
wet their own
Wings, which confift, of a thin Skin, diftinguifti'd in length by tough Fins.
Thefe
bebes,

rife

The

WMfm

flying Fifli alfo differ

much one from

another, for

mod of them are

like

Herrings

others have a thick Head, round before like the Dolphins.

Moreover, the Countrey about

was always Well inhabited. The

Houfes, being artificially built, were adorn'd on the top with
many obfcene Images, and venereal Reprefentations
But fince the Spaniards have conquered this
St. Michael

Countrey they have deftroy'd them, and built other Houfes in their
Kftow'd much coil and labour on the Silver Mines He las fimries.

ftead,

and alfo
S

c f*

**.

***

'

</

28S

M E%1 C
Sect.

Chap. VI.

J.

VI.

Cinoloa.
li:

Bounds

mofl Northern part of Nen? Gallicia, bounded on the Weft, with

fome part of the Gulf or Bay of California on the Eaft, with along Ridge
and
of Mountains, which they call Tepecfuan-, on the North, with Cibola

of

\Inoloa is

Cincha.

the

on the South. This Country ,befides the general fertility of the whole
Province of New Gallicia, yields great ftore of Cotton- Wool, by reafon whereof
both Men and Women here are better Apparell'd, for the mofl: part, than elfewhere the Jmericans are ; is exceedingly well water'd with Rivers, which defcend
from thofe Mountains Tepeefuan, not above thirty or forty Leagues diftant from
and which, with the variety of their Streams and Meandrous glidings, do
the Sea
with

Couliacan

divide the Countrcy into

many and good

Failures,

which are

like wife ftor'd

with

abundance of Kine, Oxen, and other Cattel.

The chief Towns polfefs'd by the Spaniards art i. St. Philip and Jacob, feated
towards the Sea fide, on the Banks of a fair River, about thirty or forty Leagues

ToWflt.

diftant

from the

Town

of Couliacan.

an ancient Colony of Spatiiards, fetled there by Francifco de

Tvarra, in the Year 1554, which is all they have in this Countrey, except fome few
old Forts of the Natives, which they found, after their manner, poorly furnifh'd ;
2. St.

John de

Cinoloa,

but have fince repair'd them for Defence againft the Natives of thofe Parts, which
as yet
Munmz

This Province was

fa

CufmMtt'i
Travels.

remain unreduced.
alfo

difcover'd by

Kunne^

de Gufman,

who

having

refted

fome Weeks in St. Michael, proceeding on his Way, he Ferried over the River ?*covered with
tatlan, which receiv'd that Denomination becaufe the Houfes were
Mats, by the Indians call'd Tetat.

The People

hereabouts were generally Man-eaters.

Eighteen Leagues farther runs the River Tamochala, which hath

on both fides thereof.

Between fetatlan and Tamochala
the

lie feveral

defolate WildernelTes,

many

Villages

and Woods of

'Brafile- Tree.

But Gufman travelling up twenty feven Leagues along the fore-mention'd River Tamochala, came to the Province Cinoloa, where they ftay'd fix Weeks, by readuring which time the Villagers provided them
Turtle-Doves, Hares, Rabbets, and all forts of Fowls ; but at laft deferted their
after which the Spaniards croffing Tamochala went along
Habitations in the Night
a barren Defart, where (had they not found Water in certain Wells, and likewife
fon of the abundance of Rains

of Juice out of the Ta^-Trees) they had without doubt perifli'd ; at laft getting over the River Yaguinu, they found a deferted Village, out of which a broad
Path led along the Stream ; whither Gufman marching, he came into a Plain, where
he fpy'd feveral Indians, which after fome refiftance were routed by the Spanifb
ftore

Horfe.

The

Villages built on the Banks of the River Yaguinu, as alfo the Language of

the Inhabitants differ

Not
felves a

far

little

from the former.

from hence a Ridge of Hills runs into the Sea, and

hundred Leagues towards

alfo extend them-

Xalifco.

Sect.

M E%^1 C A

tA

Chap. VI.

Sect. VIL
zL/cLCcitCCciS

rp

~^He

them, are bounded on the South, with Guadala

on the North, with New 'Bifcay \ on the Weft, with Qouliacan and

ounds anj

Zacatecas, as they call

lajara

Defcription.

*a *at "^

oi

an<
nd on the Eaft, with New Spain. The Countrey,
Tome part of Xalifco
efpecially the more Weftern part of it, is very rich in Silver Mines, no Province of

of America richer

this part

ftern parts of

but not fo apt either for

Wheat

are abundantly ftor'd with all ibrts of Fruits, the

it

But the Ea-

or Mai%.

Woods

every

where replenifh'd with Deer, the Fields nolefs with Corn, and every Tree almoft
giving Entertainment to fome Bird or other.

The Towns

are i. Las Zacatecas, forty Leagues diflant

from

Guadalajara,

and

avvns

Villager

fourfcore from Mexico, but neighbor'd with moft rich Mines, and therefore both
Garrifon'd and well peopled by the Spaniards ; for 'tis fuppos'd there are no lefs

than

five

hundred Families of them

in the

Town, and about

the Mines.

twenty feven Leagues diftant from Zacatecas, and

having a Colony of four hundred Spaniards at lead.
St. JMartins,

2.

St. Lucas dejvinno.

2.

4. Erena, lelTer

Towns, but both of them

as rich a Place

and feated

rich,

in the midft of excellent Mines.

Njmbre de Dios
Leagues diftant from
5.

moft Northerly part of this Countrey, fixty eight

Guadalajara, and founded by the aforefaid Francifco de Yyarra
in the

who

having fubdu'd and quieted the Natives, and thereby gained to himfelf the
Government of thefe Countreys, granted the propriety of fome Silver Mines both
to the Spaniards and to the Natives, and by that means drew fo many of them thither, that in a fliort time it became thechiefeftand beft peopled town of the whole
Province.
Durango, in the Valley of Guadiana, eight Leagues diftant from 2{pmbre de

6.

Dios,

and

built

by Ivarra.

7. Xeres de Frontera, a Place built

on purpofe

for the repreifing of the Chichemec&

and other Salvages that infefted the Borders of Guadalajara,

gency of the Marquefs of Villa Manrique.
aforefaid,

in the

Re-

by Alonfo facheco, in that part of the Countrey which is

call'd Uxitipa, and peopled by him with a Colony of Spaniards, being diftant about
twenty Leagues from <Panuco in 2s[ew Spain, to which the whole Countrey of Uxitipa
Laft, St. Lewis, built

8.

once belonged.

The aforefaid
Martin^

Erena

and

Francifcus de Yvarra,

fince alfo Lucas

but the Mines De

produce

much more

^ice^Roy of

Anno 1554. difcover'd the

AVmno, the Mine Del

los

^anchos, Cbalchuites,

Silver, if the

Mine

call'd

Somhrereto, lying near the

De

las

Mine*works were

NjeVes,

ftor'd

and Del

Sant

City Del

Frifuillo,

would

with Quiclofilver.

The

to Spain, nam'd Lodo^ick de Velafco, order'd a certain

3iers, Slaves,

Horfes and Mules, for every Mine, to defend the

number of Sol*
Workmen from the

of the Natives, which oftentimes Sallied out upon them. Moreover, Vi*
fent Priefts through all the Countrey to Preach the Gofpel
But Ibarra having

\flaults
afco

he care of the Priefts, guarded them with a

lifcover'd

the Valley San ]uan t

company of Soldiers, and

and the River De

las

Nacos,

in his

Way

where he conquer'd

he rebelling Natives.

Near

the Silver

Mine

Sant Martins the

Monks built a Cloyfter after which Ivarrd

dig in the Mine at Jvinna, which he had
;

ave

free leave

to all that would, to

F f

bought.

Several
_

v&Miby

*?

the

AMERICA.

29 o

bought, on condition they fhould pay the real

Spanifh

IQng

which Priviledge

ftirr'd

fifth

Chap* VIIwhat they

part of

got, to the

up many, infomuch that Jv'mno

in a fh ore

time grew very populous. Tvdrra, though having brought his Bufinefs to this pafs,
could not reft, but fen t Antonius f acheco to a Valley in Guadiana, to build the fore*

mentioned City Dura?igo, where feveral Rivers make a convenient and delightful
place for Habitation, whither Ibarra followed three Moneths after, and finifh'd the

new Town.

But the

chiefeft Silver

from the Province Zacatecas,

and as many Slaves.

Mines, which borrow their Denominations

are continually guarded

by

hundred

five

Spaniards,

CHAP,
New Bifcay.
by fome accounted a Province of Key Gallicia, hath on the South,
on the Weil, the Countrey of Cinoloa Northward it is bounZacatecas
the Eaftern Borders of it looking towards Florida,
ded with New Mexico.

Ew

Bovnds of

Kew

Bifca/.

Bifcay,

not yet well difcover'd

fome

alfo

of Lead

which

ging of the other Metal.

fkion, and with

Mines and

Towns and
Cities.

much

lie,

as

Town

tro Ceinegas,

by the

Spaniards,

onely from

ferve principally, as

The People

fome

it

its

fay^ for the refining or

pur-

generally are of a float and refolute Difpo-

fubmitting to the Yoke

difficulty

neighborhood to
Silver Mines, and hath

yea, the Spaniards them-

that there remain yet to this day four great

felves confefs,

though they

fo call'd

the other Provinces, exceeding rich in

It is, as

l$flp Gallicia,

Towns

unredue'd,

were, in the mid-way, betwixt the Zacatecas aforefaid, and the

of St, Barbara of this Province

The

them Las Qua*

Marflies, or in fome

Spaniards call

or The Four Quagmires, as lying, perhaps, in the

Fenny and lower parts of the Countrey.

The Towns which themfelves hold, are, i. St. Barbara, famous for the rich
Mines about it.
2. St. Johns, equal to the other, and not above three or four Leagues diftant
from
3.

it.

Ende 7 the

diftant

mod

Northerly

Town

which the

Spaniards

have in

this

Countrey,

about twenty Leagues from the other.

Thefe be all Colonies of the Spaniards, and built on purpofe for fecuring the
Mines i which when they were firft difcover'd by Yvarra, he order'd ^oderigo del 0{io
to guard the fame,
ftor'd

with

all

and took up

kill'd

daunted him,
he found

Winter Quarters

manner of Provifions, and

fence againft the Chichimecx,

Guards)

his

who

fo as to

eredted there by

(though the

above four hundred of

at St. Juan in a flrong

their

Spaniards,

fufFer'd

'topia

ftiffly

at laft getting within the

had

ences, he

was opposed by

Topia,

the Inhabitants,

after he

till

which

lofs

no way

whither travelling,

extream Cold, which

their Horfes, being feen fifteen days after to ftand fo

Borders of

place of de-

as a

kept the place with ftrong

Horfes and Mules

change his Relolution of going to

many ihowy Mountains, and

him,

Houfe,

kill'd

frozen, as if

fuffer'd

many

moft of

flill

alive

inconveni-

he pacifi'd them with Prefents.

Sect.

*m

AMERICA,

VIII.

:h;ip.

Sect.
"^His Countrey hath

many

i9t

II.

convenient Havens 3

<vi%..

onveruent
Ma- cHavens
of
Road ^e$M

Sanjago, 2fyvidad,

below the Promontory Corientes, the Bay XalifcOj the

and Chiametla, fo call'd from a Town about eleven Leagues

{acca y Chacalla,

Majfatlan,

rom

the Ocean.

Here, and
nins,

in feveral places

of New

and many other Flowers

>bfervation, becaufe
re bigger

In no

Lillies, Rofes, Violets, Jefla-

amongft which the Floripondium deferves peculiar

flourifhes the whole Year
and its white Bloflbms, which
opening in the Morning, yield an exceeding fweet fmell.

it

than Lillies,
efteem

grow

Gallicia,

by the

the Murucuia.

which will
it bears a Flower from the refemiot grow, if bereav a of any of its Leaves
ilance of our Saviour's Surfering,caird The ^afion-Flower y which exceeds the biggefl
lefs

is

Spaniards call'd Granadilla,

TheFIowe *

Lofe in circumference

the uppermoft Leaves green, thofe underneath of a purple

on the top hangs a round Bum of a thoufand interwoven threds of divers

the pale Stalk which flicks in the
olours, diftinguifh'd by white and red Specks

olour

ruddle of the Flower, is divided into

dw

Button*like

Knob

five others, that

bend downwards with a

on the middlemoft Stalk ftands a pale yellow Flower^

fhich appears three hours after Sun-riling, and clofes again a

which

yel*

little

before Sun4et

very round, fmooth, and of a pale Green, hath white Specks, a

lick Rind, SarTron-colour'd Pulp, which is wholfom, of a good rellifli, and hath
lie

Fruit,

is

bundance of black Seeds inclos'd

in little

Husks.

CHAP.
New
Ew

SMexico (as

VIII.

Mexico.

bounded on the South-Weir, Bori* of

with ^<BiJcay- more diredly Weftward, with fome parts of QuiYira] *?*/***
the Countreys Northward of it not yet difcover'd
Eaft-ward it extends
5

'tis

call'd for diftinftion's fake) is

felf as far as Florida,

This Province doubtlefs

>een fearch'd

for largenefs

and difcover'd by the

may compare with New

Gallicia,

having

above a hundred, fome fay two hunIred Leagues direaly Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft
and they report Wonders
>fit, if we may believe them, at leaf* in refped of what was
generally found in
hefe Northern parts of Jmerica at their firft Difcovery
as namely, That they have
rowns fairly and well built of Lime and Stone, Houfes of four Stories high, and
noil: of them provided with Stoves for the Winter Seafon,as
well as any in Europe
he Streets fair and broad, and the People as curious and expert in divers
Arts and
Spaniards

danufaftures as any of theirs.

^hia,

More

particularly they tell us of a

of the Province of Cuamesjo big, that

Another

it is

faid to

Town

call'd

contain eight feveral Mar-

Jcoma, a great Town, but feated on the top of an high

lock, without any ordinary way of accefs to it, but by a pair of
Stairs hewn out
f the hard Stone, or elfe by certain Ladders, which the
Inhabitants let down and
:et.places.

akeupastheypleafe.
s

they fay, no

lefs

call'd

And likewife of a

third,

which they

call Conibas, containing,

thanfeven Leagues in length, and about half fo much in breadth,

feated

m*

ME^

I C A.

iap.

VIII.

featedupona Lake, but fcatteringly built, and much oftliefpace taken up

with
Mountains and many fair Gardens, in the mid ft of which the. Town ftandeth
of all which more hereafter. This is certain, that the Countrey to which they
.

give

the

Name

of New Mexico,

of a vaft extent, reaching from the Mines of St. Barbara

in Na> Bifcay Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, above two hundred
Leases already difcover'd, but doubtlefs taking up no fraall part of thofe Countreys
is

which

are fometimes aflign'd to Florida, if not of the Confines of Virginia

alfo.
Travels

of

This Countrey was

KujzE[(']ns
and others.

Auguftine

Anno 1581. difcover'd by a Francifcan Monk, nam'd

with two other Monks of his Order, got eight Soldiers
of

%uy^ who

Conde de Coruna,

firft,

Vice-Roy of New

vellM from the Valley S ant 'Bartholomew, to

of the two Monks was

the Souldiers,

who

Companions with whom he tra.

the Province De los Tiguas, where one

Spain, for his

by the Natives, which occafion'd luch a fear amongft

judg d themfelves too weal: to make any refiftance, that
they
kill'd

refolv'd to return, notwithftandingall the arguments

which

%^

us'd to difTwadc

them from it; yet neverthelefs he and his Brother Francifcus Lope^, and four
Indi.
am, went onward of their Journey
which news the Souldiers carried back
to

the Francifcans in Sant Bartholomew

fentfeveral Souldiers and a

Monk,

accompanied by Antony

Efrejus,

alfo

Men, providing Arms

Horfes and Mules

call'd

Bemardyn

travelled direct

two days Journey found

and

built together like a Village

Huts

would be

deftroy'd,

them,

who were

Beltran, after

who

Valley, and after

liv'd in

their Brethren

fpent a great part of his Eftate in railing of

and Provifions, loading therewith a hundred and fifty

with which he

who fearing

North from

the fore-mention'cl

who went

a People call'd Condi,

:

They were Govern'd by

naked,

Cafiquer,

on Hares, Deer, Rabbets, Mai** Calabapes, and Melons. Several adjacent

Ri!
vers afford them plenty of Fifli. They were amaz'd at the Croffes
which the Spafed

niards there erected,

they were inform'd of a Crucifi'd Saviour. Efyejus being

every where kindly Entertained amongft them, and conducted twenty
two
till

Leagues

farther,

came amongft the Indians czlYdTafiguates, of the

Condi's.,

in that

who

had

skill in

Minerals, and judg d that there were

From whence

Countrey.

like Conftitution

Borders of the Los Tohofos,

many

with the

Silver

Mines

the fajfaguates travell'd with the Spaniards to the

who no

fooner faw them, but they fled, becaufe a few

years before they had been miferably dealt with by the Spaniards -but being
inform'd

by

the Interpreters, that they needed not be afraid of

and conducted

any

Efiejus to the Borders of the fatarabueyes

thing',

they

all

appear'd,

which People poffefs a

good order. Great Rivers
y

large Countrey, Stone Houfes

and Villages built in

which come out of the North, and others that difembogu'd into the North
Sea, afforded them all forts of Fifli
as alfo the Woods plenty of Venifon, Fowls, and
;

wholfom

In

fome Pools

The Valour of the

Inhabitants

Plants.

alfo the fait

may

Water afforded

Salt.

funiciently appear by the rough Entertain-

ment which the Spaniards met withall the firft Night; for the Tatarabueyes
fell fo
fiercely upon them, that had not the Watch given
notice thereof in time, none had
efcap'd with Life

ber of Men

neverthelefs five Horfes were k.illM* and a confiderable

wounded

num-

which retreating, they went upon a neighboring Hill,

whither Esjejus fent his Interpreter, and an Indian the fame Countrey,
to inform
them, That the Spaniards came not tomoleft them, and if they
:

after

pleas'd to

come

to

them, they fliould meet with none but Friends

which was the more eafily credifome Prefents after which being reconcild, they
twelve days Journey up a long River, whofe Banks were
;

ted, becaufe the Cafiques received

conducted the Spaniards

inhabited in feveral places,

People richly Cioch'd,

who

From thence

they reach'd to a Place, inhabited by a

alfo feem'd to

have fome knowledge of God; for'in

their

/^JMWM

sA

iajo.
heir Difcourfe they pointed

up

ME^IC
to

Heaven,

J,

call'd the

Creator and Prefcrver of

hings Jpalito, and fignifi'd that they had receivM that

hole that were

left

of Tamphilius Narvae^s

all

Knowledge formerly from

Army, who

having' rane'd through

timid were driven hither.

Thefe People
i

alfo Prefented Efpejus

many tannM

Skins, with

which he Went to
whereof were very courteous, and barter'd them
brave Plumes of Feathers and Cotton Cloaks, flreak'd with blue and white

great Village, the Inhabitants

"or

>ut Efpejus

what

>y

whom

having no Interpreters

they could underfland, could not learn

they were known^yet by figns they exprefs'd what time of the year

Name

hey had Precious Stones brought to them

and alfo what

Countrey prodube found in a Province about

their

abundance of thofe Riches was to

ive days Jo'urney Weflward from thence, whither they freely offer'd to conduct;
he Spaniards, which accordingly they did, bearing them company one and twenty
^eagues to the next Province, inhabited by a People whofe Name alfo they could
lot be inform'd of,yet flaying three days amongfl them,they were Entertain'd with
>refents and Dances both Night and Day.
The Countrey afforded them alfo flore
Thofe that underflood Minerals, judg'd that there were
>f Venifon and Fruits
:ed

and

alfo that

ikewife feveral Gold Mines.

Leaving

this

Houfe

but at the end of the

Province, they entred into a great Wildernefs of Pine=Trees, in

/vhich they travelled twelve Leagues in fifteen days, without feeing eithet Man
>r

:here
ple

:he

Wood

were great quantities of white

they fpy'd a Village of Straw Huts, where

Salt,

and Deer Skins neatly

drefs'd.

The Peo-

of the Place courteoufly Entertained the Spaniards, and conducted them along
River Del Norte,toNew Mexico
The Banks of the River on each fide was plan*
:

with Nut-Trees and Vines, which fpread themfelves out above three Leagues
:hrough which they had fcarce pafs'd three days together, when they faw ten po
:ed

mlous Villages pleafantlyfeated on the

from whence came many thousands of the. Natives to meet Efpejus, who was not fo much amaz'd
at the great
lumber of People, as at their extraordinary Civility and decent Habits for they
;
Bntertain'd him with well drefs'd Meat, roafled Poultrey, and pleafant Fruits
rheir Garments were Cotton Cloaks, Deer-skin Breeches, Shoes and Boots of good
Leather. The Women wore their Hair neatly Comb'd and Pleited. Their Houfes
were almofl four Stories high, handfomely built, and divided into fair Chambers,
lad Stoves or Cells under Ground againfl the Cold in the Winter. Every Village
was Govern'd by a

Cafique ,

faid River,

who fe Commands were

publifh'd by theJlguazjles. Each

3oufe had a peculiar place in which their Idol flood, before whom they fet Meat
wice a day. Near the High-ways floqd Temples very curiouily painted, wherein
heir Deity, as they fay, diverted himfelf in his Progrefs from one Village to anoher.
'our

At certain Diftances near their Plough'd Lands, flood Portico's, fupported on

Columns, under which the Husband-man us'd to eat, and take his Noon.fleep.

Swords, which were flrong enough to cut a Man through the Middle,
hey us'd Bowes and Arrows Their Shields were made of Deer Skins,
Efpejus having flay'd here four days, went to the Province T*elas Tiguas, which

Sefides their

fixteen Villages

lad

SrotherMonk

in the chiefefl whereof, call'd Toala, Jugufline

Francifcm de Lope^ had been flain, befides four others

he People being confeious of this Crime, and fearing that Revenge

^uy^ and
>

his

wherefore

would follow,

Mountains, from whence they could not be enticed, whilfl the Spa?2iards
bund their Houfes full of Provifions and fome Minerals.
Now thofe being dead whom they fought for, fome thought it convenient to reied to the

irn

but Efpejus and Beltran perfwaded the contrary, alledging,

Thas

farther up,

according

nn

M E %^I C

2J>f

Chap. VIII.

A.

information, lay feveral Provinces which were worth the

difcovery, and advis'd that the chiefeft part of their Forces might May there, whilft

according to the

Indians

they and fome few refolute Men went farther upon the Difcovery, which accordingly was performed. Efpejus having travelled two days, came into a fruitful

which he found eleven Villages, inhabited by

above fourteen thoufand People, who were clad in Skins and Cotton, worfhipp'd
Province, jutting againft

Cibola, in

many Idols, and receiv'd the Spaniards with great Civility.

The like

Entertainment they met withall

the River Del Norte

Countrey Los Quires, wafh'd by

Villages, inhabited by about fifteen

in the

near which flood five

thoufand People,

Thirteen Leagues farther they found De

of which being

chiefeft

The

Cia,

twenty thoufand Perfons,all

with handfom Cloaks,

Cunapt.es,

having alfo

five Villages, the

boafted (as above mention'd) eight Marketplaces

made of Lime, were

Houfes,

los

civil

neatly Painted, and compris'd in all above

People,

who

prefented Efpejus and his Company

before them, and fhew'd them rich

good boyl'd Meat

Minerals, and the Mountains out of which they got the fame.
Of the like Conftitution were the Inhabitants De los Mires, which being thirty
thoufand in number, refided in feven well built Villages, lying North-Well from
fee

Qmames;
After this they march'd Weftward, and found the eminent Village Jcoma, mentioned before, built on an exceeding high Rock, to which led onely a narrow Path
up a pair of Stairs cut in the Rock ; as alfo many Wells to receive Rain, befides

what they have out of

The

Spaniards

a River, led by

Moats round about

their

Haying here three days, were Entertained with

Ploughed Lands.

all forts

of good Meat,

Dances and Drolls.

From

hence travelling twenty four Leagues more Wefterly, they entred the Province ofZuny. where the erected CroiTes which had remain'd there till that time,
y

were

fufficient teflimonies

of

Cornaro's

having been there,

was deferred by
Andreas de Cuyocan. Cafper de Mexico, and Antonim de Guadalajara, being fetled on Zuny
x
(otherwife

call'd Qbola)

Language, informed

and fpeaking the

Indian

Tongue

afcer he

better than

their

Native

days Journey farther lay a great Lake,

whofe Shores were crown'd with many brave Villages, inhabited by a People
Efpejus, that fixty

which wore Golden Armlets and Earrings whither Francifcm Vafaue^ had gone
a fecond time, had not Death prevented him. This Information fo encourag'd
Efpejus, that notwithstanding it was fo great a Journey, yet he refolv'd to venture
;

thither,

though the Monk'Beltran and

moll:

of his

Company perfwaded him

to the

whereupon Bcltran returned

After which Efpejus went onto the faid
Lake whither he was accompanied with a hundred and fifty Indians. Having gone
twenty fix Leagues, he found a populous Province, whofe Borders he no fooner
approached, but he was told, That
if he was willing to lofe bis Life, he and his farty plight
contrary

enter into a forbidden

Dominion

much upon the

permitted to come in freely
t

lo

yet notwithftandina this threatning Meflage

he

by the Prefents which he fent him, that he was

nay, the Inhabitants of Zaguato ftrow'd Meal on the

Cajique
;

Earth for the Spaniards to go over, and prefented Efpejus at his departure with forty
thoufand Cotton Cloaks, and a confiderable quantity of Plate, which he fent with
five

of his Soldiers, and

all the Cibolan Indians,

back to

Companions and one Guide, with whomhetravelTd

where he found a Mountain, to
ing, he took up Silver Oar with

the top
his

whereof led

own Hand.

Cibola,

forty
a

The

keeping onely four

one Leagues Weftward

broad Path

which amend-

feveral forts of People that

inhabited here wereall civil and courteous, living in good fafhicn, in pretty large

Houfes,

M E %^I C

sA

:hap. VIII.

A.

% 95

on the Banks of a pleafant River, flhaded with Vines and Nut-Trees,

nd thick planted with Flax: They inform'd Efpejus, that near a River which
uns eight Miles towards the North Sea, were fuch ftately Palaces, as could not
Ioufes ? built

beheld without great admiration. But Efpejus going back a plain

>und not onely thofe

whom

he had fent from Zaguato, but alfo

Road

!Beltra'n

to Cibola,

with the

having been detained there by theCivilities and kind Entertainfo that Efpejus was left
lents of the Indians, were now upon returning home
ther Soldiers,who

who

lone with eight Soldiers,

im.

They

refolv'd to venture their Lives

and Fortunes with

along the River Del Norte, through the Provinces De

travelled

Guires

los

nd Habutas, whofe Mountains, overspread with Pine-Trees and Cedars, have

iany rich Mines. The Natives wore painted Cotton Cloaks, and dwelt in ftately

At the Borders of the Realm Los Tamos they wereftopt,

come on farther wherefore being but few in number, and

[oufes five Stories high.

nd not permitted to
iveral

of them

they judg'd

fick,

it

convenient to crofs the River De

las

Vaccas

(fo

from the abundance of Cows that were thereabouts) to the River Concbos and
Village Bartholomew , where Efpejus was inform'd, that Seltran was long before

ill'd
le

arrival

is

gone to Guadiana.

And now
[pejus,

and

we may have

that

(Beltran

Account of

endeavor'd to difcover)

it

]S[ey>

Mexico (which %uy%l

will be neceffary to begin with the

original thereof, according as feveral ancient Hiftories

rft

make mention.

of that part of Northern America call'd NeH> Spain, v^o^M

ere for their fierce and falvage Nature call'd Cbichimeca, who dwelling in Caves, m*xUw,
d on Moles, Rabbets, Hedghogs, Serpents, Roots and Herbs. Whilft the Women

The moft ancient

the better

;companied

PofleiTors

Husbands in their Travels, the Children were put into Baskets,

a Tree. No manner of Government was to be found amongft them,

their

id hang'd in

Ground till the Navatlacans came from New Mexico (which

'as anciently divided into two Countreys, Adrian and Teuculbuacan) to New Spain
;
Peer which they Sow'd their Lands.
The Navatlacans (who us'd to dwell in Houfes, worfliip Images, plough their
'hey never Till'd their

ands, and obey their Governors) were divided into fix Tribes, each Tribe pofTef-

ng

Bounds

and there goes a Tradition, That out of fix Pits that

re to be feen in New Mexico, the Navatlacans had their original.
The time when
ley deferted New Mexico, as their moft authentick Hiftories or Records declare, was
according to our computation) Anno 040. and they farther affirm, that they fpent
their limited

my years

in a

Journey, which might have been travell'd in a Moneth

;afon of which tedioufnefs was,becaufe they refted in all places

Countrey but

fruitful

as they

had advice from

ley fay) appeared vifibly to them, they

ehind thofe that were aged,

ftill

where they found

their diabolical Spirits,

went on

farther

The

and

which

(as

farther, yet left

and decrepid, building convenient Houfes for

lem, and appointing Overfeers to look after them. The Ruins of the Houfes are
ct to be feen on the Way along which they pafs'd.

The

fick,

Tribes divided themfelves after this manner

Four of them fetled
ound about the great Lake of Mexico. The Sicbumilans taking the South part, built^,
efides

forth.

Cix

two

other

Towns,

The Tapunecans

a Metropolis of their

And

all thefe

le
ie

of Floury Fields

on the

which ilgnifies A Pifmires Hole,

The Eaftern part was taken up by the

Names have

a peculiar fignification
;

kbple

Qbalcans

built J^capu^alco in the Weft,

ecaufeofthe abundance of Inhabitants.

halhuans.

own Name, as the

the fecond, People ofMoutbes

fourth, Crooked People.

Not long

Mountains on the other

fide

the

firft

fignifies

the third, People of Bridges

after, the Tatluicans, a ftrong

and

People, went over

of the Mexican Lake,where they busk feveral Town^

AMERICA.

zp6
on

whereof they

a hot, yet fruitful Soil, the chiefeft

Tlace where an Eagles Voice

is

The

heard.

Chap. VIII
call'd

Tlafcakecans

Quahunachua, that

went near

the

is

Snowy Moun

one of which, being between Mexico and Ve los Angelos vomits horrid Flame
and Smoke up into the Skie. Here fcattering up and dowrij they built feveral Vil
tains,

lages, befides the City TlafcaUa

whereof

the Inhabitants

affifted

the Spaniards

a:

hath been related in the taking of Mexico, for which good Service they live free
without paying any Tribute.

When

thefe fix Tribes

came

from Mexico

firft

thither, the Chichimecans

or no refiftance againft them, but hid themfelves amongftthe Rocks

them not long

after taking courage, flew to

the Tlafcallans, had not a fubtile Plot fav'd

made

yet

little

fome

ol

Arms, and had without doubt deftroy'd

them for under a fhew of Friendship
:

Man

they falling. on the unarm'd Chichimecans, kill'd every

faw a Grave

Jojeph dc Acofta tells us, that Anno 1586. he

of them.

in Mexico,

wherein a

Chi*

chimecan of a Gygantickfize lay buried.

After this Conqueft gotten by the Tlafcallans, the fore-mention'd

in Peace

fix

Tribes

liv'd

and Quiet, and ftrengthned themfelves the more by Marrying into one

anothers Families.

The

Chichimec* keeping

fion of their Lands, nay,

on

Mountains left the new People in quiet pofleffome of their Cuftoms, infomuch that they be-

the

learnt

gan to build Huts, chufe Governors, and

The

The Tlafcallans having poflefs'd New Spain

firft

March of

according to their Laws.

live

three

the

Mexicans into Hero Spain

Tribe

(a valiant

and

civiliz'd

hundred and two years,

People) came thither, upon their

a feventh

Daemon Vi%tm

promife of having chefupream Government

wherefore he was carried in
an Ark by four chief Priefts, whom he inform'd whither and when they fhould

pu%tli's

travel or reft, for

where ever they

Tent in the middle of their

Army for their Idol, whom they fet on an Altar which done, they Sow'd the
Ground about them yet if their Ddmon commanded them to march before Harveft,
then they left the Product to the ancient and fick People. But at h&Mexi, fro-i
whence the Name of Mexico is deriv'd, conducted the Army into Mechaocan, wher^
the pleafant Soil among the Lakes entie'd many to take up their Habitation. But
Mexi proceeded on his Journey, yet not without great Crofies, in regard Vtztliftopt, they built a
5

pu%tli's Sifter

(fome Inchantrefs probably

fo call'd)

much

did

hurt to the whole

Army

by her Sorceries, becaufe they would not honor her as a Goddefs, till Vi^tUpu^tli inform'd one of them that carried the Ark, that the Army fhould march on,
and banifli the Witch from them whereupon (he accordingly being driven away,
:

built the Village Malinalco,2.$ a Habitation for Conjurers. Mean while,the

weaker and weaker by

their leaving fo

many People behind them

therefore they judg'd

it

convenient to

water'd the Countrey

which, according to

moft places

while in Tula, where a great River

reft a

up, made a large Lake about the Mountain

in

Army grew

Commands,

Vi^tlipu^tli 's

being drv'd

whofe Banks being planted

with Willow and Poplar=Trees, were exceeding pleafant, and the more, becaufe
of the variety of Birds that made their Nefts in the fame
which fo delighted maCoatepcck,

ny of the People, that being tir'd with travelling, they refolv'd to fettle there
which Refolution was fo ill refented by Vt^tlipu^tli ,thit he commanded the Bank to
;

be broken, that the Water might have liberty to flow its former Courfe, and threatened them with heavy punifhments
after which in the Night a terrible Cry
&
:

Murder was heard in one part of the Army which being inquired after the next
Morning, they found divers People lying on the Ground with their Breafts cut
open, and their Hearts pull'd out
whereupon thofe that remain'd went on
Chaptdtcpcc , where they fortif?d themfelves in the Mountains againft the adjacent

Peopie,

:*

rita

Ilk^HH

Jlexicanoruttt

1
'

Chap. VIII.
People, which

Son

Copil,

MER

I C A.

i 97

to the Malhiakon Witch, had rais'd

icon after the Tafune cans and Chalcans went againft their

whom

they began a bloody Fight,

Mexican

Army,

all his

The

Army

when

(though with his

own

an3

new Neighbors, with

Vit^hVnli^ at that time General of the

amongft them, broke

preffing in

up againft them

Death) to

and made way for

march Conquerors to Culbuacan
their Ranks.,

Prince of which Province gave them a Place to

on, near the white Water

Ticaapan, whofe Shores fwarm'd with Adders and Serpents, upon Defign that the
Strangers might be deflroy'd by them

without regret

but

poyfonous Animals

eat the

They would

long ranging up and down,

proved quite otherwife

and Dunging the unfruitful

ceiv'd a plentiful Harveft

it

fettle

for they
Soil

re^

willingly have fetled here, after their fo

would have approved thereof* but he

told them, that they muft poiTefs themfelves by Arms, and make a Qulbuacan Maid
whereupon they dehYd the Cafique's Daughter of Gdbuacarij who
their Goddefs
was fent them in rich Ornaments, and with a ftately Retinue But fhe was no
if Vi^tlipu^tli

fooner entred on the Ticaapan Shore, but they flay'd her alive, and her Skin being
ftufPd, and nam'd Tocci, was religioudy worfhipp'd. But not fatisfi'd with this
cruelty,

they fent for her Father to

vilit his

Daughter

in her

Dignity

who

ac-

cordingly coming with great Attendance, was led into a dark Chappel, where by
the burning Tapers he knew the Goddefs to be no other than his Daughters Skin
fturT'd full

of Cotton

Murderers with

whereat burning with rage, he afterwards

all his

Forces, and drove

them to

the Place

fell

have often made mention heretofore of the Governor of

ViztUpuztli ,

followeth

thefe

where they afterwards

built Mexico*

We

upon

this

Journey,

will therefore be neceifary to give an exacter Defcription of him, as

it
:

He was

woodden Image

Man,

on a blue Seat in a triumphant

r
rr
Chair at each end of which was plac'd a Staff with a Serpents Head upon it, from
whofe Forehead, which Was Painted blue, ran a Streak of the fame colour^ crofs
a

like a

fitting

Dfoi'p on
of the In...
mage

*kty*#

Nofe to both his Ears upon his Head Hood a Plume of Feathers, the ends
whereof were tipp'd with a golden Varnifli his left Hand held a white Shield, on
which fluck five Feathers, and on the top a Laurel Bough next the Shield lay four
Arrows, pretended to be fent from Heaven
in his right Hand a Truncheon, full
his

<

of blue crooked Streaks

like Serpents

not unlike thofe of a Bat,

his

behind on

his

Shoulders appeared Wings,

Eyes large and round, and

his

Mouth

reaching from

Ear to Ear, made him terrible to behold, alfo gaping, and full of Teeth, which
ftuck out of his Belly-, in his Breaft alfo were two fiery Eyes, and under them a
fhriveird Nofe
his Feet ended in Claws, hung round about with Precious Jems,
golden Boxes and Shields fet out with divers colourd Feathers. The Curtain be;

hind which

this Idol fat,

Inu-j: Vi^tlipu^tU

defs Tocci,
flay'd

was not drawn open except on

FeahVDay,

flood generally a leffer Image, call'd Tlaboc, and alfo the

Daughter to the Prince of

by their Damons

Command.

Qulhuacan,

who

(as before

God-

mentioned) was

Since which time they fuppos'd, that they

were never more acceptable to their Gods, than when they appeared Cloth'd in another Man's Skin
and accounted no Offering better, than a Heart taken out of
their Enemies Breaft, fince their Spirit deftroy'd fo many after that manner in the
;

Army at Tula,
But

Tocci, they fay,

%
had alfo a Son much inclined to Hunting, whofe Image they
*f
carry, attended by a thoufand People, with the found of Horns and Trumpets, to

an Arbor on a high Mountain

the

which being made of green Leaves picked, had in

middle an Altar, on which they [a the Idol, whilft the Multitude furrounded

the

F ?& -

M E %I C

*A

9%

the Foot of the Mountain, and

fet all

Chap. IX

A.

the Bullies about

the

fame on Fire

whicl:

done, they {Tiouted and hollowed, and play'd on feveral InftrumentS; which frighting the wild Beafts that lay fhelter'd in the Woods, made them run to the top ol

more and more

the Mountain, where they were

that

many of them were

(lain

inclos'd

by the People, infomuch

an Offering before Tocd's Son's Altar

for

done, they carried the Idol back to his Temple, and the People

which

made Merry with

the llain Venifon.

Defcripiion
ot'Tezcatlipu
ctts

Image.

As great Reverence they fhew'd to Te%catUpuca, becaufe (as they faid) he pardon'd
their Sins. This Idol was made of a black fhining Stone, richly Appareli'd,having
Golden Earnings in his undermofl Lip a Silver Sheath, in which ftuck fomehis Hair was ty'd with an
times a green, and fometimes a blue Plume of Feathers
embroidered String, at the end of which hung a Golden Ear, whereon Smoak was
;

moreover, the String hung

Painted, fignifying the Prayers of opprefs'd Sinners
full of Pearls, and about the Neck in a String hung a Jewel ; on his Breaft, as al=

foon

Navel, a green Stone

his

in his left

Hand

he held a Fan

made of

Gold

this Plate glittering like Glafs,

which ftuck many colour'd Feathers
was in ftead of a Mirrour for Tezcatlipuca, to obferve all worldly Tranfactions in
and to punifli Criminals, he held four Darts in his right Hand. His
the fame

Plate, in

Feaft they kept once in four years.

This Idol

alfo

Diftempers

tial

,-

Command

of Hunger, Drought, Famine, and peftilenwherefore he had quite another fliape, lat on a Stool behind a

had the

led Curtain embroidered with dead

his

Head

Mens Bones and

ftuck full of Quails Feathers, a

Sculls

Quiver with four

Body Coal black,

Arrows in his left, and
his

Rod in his right Hand, which made the Image feem very terrible.
The Idol Quet^alcoalt, being their Guardian over the Merchants, was

high Temple, being fhap'd

like a

Man,

his Face onely excepted

bled a Bird's Head, with a red Bill full of Teeth, a

on

the hind-part of his

Head flood

Comb, and

plac'd in a

for that refem*

-,

Tongue

a long

a Mitre, and about his Legs Silk Garters befet

with Pearls.

C H A

IX.

P.

Cibola Tontonteac, and

Hough

the Province of Zuny above-mention'd in the Chapter of {ew

Mexico, in the

Voyage of EJ]?ejus, bd

be the fame with

JS(eip

Mexico, but

largely taken

Nova Granada.

by fome

Cibola,

yet

we

and appear to
not treated of by any as part of

there otherwife call'd,

find

it

as a diftint Province,

by others

as a part

of

California.

for befides that California, properly fo calFd, hath formerly been ta-

ken rather for a Qeninfula than an Ifiand, and flill affords to fome an Argument of
queftion, whether it be one or the other. The whole extent of the Province gene5

rally fo term/d, hath been reputed to

hola, Quivira,

Ties, there

Ifland

feems

and

amongft the
fite

and Nova
little

fince

Albion

comprehend

but fince, according to the bed

doubt to be made, that

upon

the luppos'd Teninfula

that Confideration

Iflands of jS[ortbern America,

we

California, firictly

we have

referved

it felf,

Ci-

Maps and Difcovetaken,

it

is

a perfect

to be defcrib'd

alio confcquently judge

it

molt requi-

to confiderthofe'Countreys apart that were included in the extended California.

Cibola

"

Chap.

AMERICA:

XL

'

i9#

Southward of Quivira, betwixt it and 2y> Galhcia, to the North

">
and s
on the Weft it hath Mar Vermiglio, or the Bay of California. The
Eaft
Air of the *2f
Province is indifferently temperate, efpecially if compar'd to the
fharp Frofts and
Colds of gjfoiw. The Countrey is for the moft part level and plain,
as Quivirais,
having but few Trees in it, except here and there fome Woods
of Cedars, which
yec do abundantly fupply the Natives both with Timber and
Fewel.
Cbol.i litzh
:

S^"

The Ground

of Mw% and fome fmall white Peafe, of both which

they ufually
make Bread. There is great (lore of Venifon, and a kind of Sheep (as they
fay, and
as it mould feem by their Fleecejasbig as fome little Horfes
or Oxen, fome of their
Horns weighing forty or fifty Pound
But perhaps by fome miftake of Authors
this Beaft may be no other than Taurus Mexicans, elfewhere
defcrib'd, whofe Hair
is extreamly thick and fliaggy, and of which they make
Cloth as of Wool, as hath
beenfaid. There are alfo Lyons, Bears, and Tygers in this
Province/ in fuch
numbers, that the People of the Countrey are not a little troubled
with them, and
would gladly deftroy them if they knew how. The People are
generally' well
Limb'd, tall of Stature, and feem to be a little more Ingenious
than their Neighbors of Qumra yet they go naked many of them, onely covered
with Mantles made
of Skins, which are many times painted, and that with fuch Curiofity
and Art, as
do fufficiently argue, that neither themfelves nor their Neighbors of
Quivira, from
whom they have them in Traffick, do make them, but that they are the Mefchandife and Commodity of fome other Nations, perhaps
of Qathayon China, who by
the NorthAVeft Seas, do Trade with the Maritime Parts,
and People ofQutvira.
This part of the Countrey hath been reafonably well fearch'd
by the Spaniards
but as yet nothing difcover'd Co confiderable, as to perfwade
affords plenty

them

That which feems moft

obfervable,

is

the great

Lake

to ftay in

Tonteac, fituate

it!

almoft in

the midft of the Province

old

Towns

Cottages or

of the
little

of Defence, Co

Storming

i upon which, or near unto it,

they found feven or eight
Natives, fome whereof contained four or five
hundred of their

Houfes, and were

In the attempt

with Ramparts, and other Works

not become Mailers of them, but by Force and

fortifi'd alfo

as the Spaniards could

whereof Fajque^

was twice beaten down with Stones by

he found

Qoronado, their

the Natives

Commander

in chief,

yet atlaft carry ina the Place'

good plenty of Mai K indeed, which was fome refremment

to his
Army, but nothing elie whereupon having nam'd the Place Granada,
in memory
of the Viceroy of 2fob Spam,, who fenthim upon that
Expedition, he departed.
In his return homeward he fell upon a certain
Countrey, which he nam'd Tcayan, of which his Companions
report great matters
as firft, of a certain River
call'd Huex, on the Banks whereof,in
the fpace of twenty Leagues, or thereabouts
there ftand no lefs than fifteen good
Burroughs, well built, and furaifli'd likewife
with Stoves or Hot-houfes, againft the Cold, as
in other Countreys of Europe
as
alio of a very fruitful and pleafant
Valley, which they therefore call'd Jroba de Corain

it

of another great Town and Territory, call'd

Valley of Nuefira Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale,
in
zones

Chichilticala

and

laftly,

of the

the South parts of the faid Teniof them defcrib'd for fuch rich and
delicious Places, that fome take them
for the CampiElifii of America, efpecially
feeing the Spaniards were never known to
viiit them a fccond time, the
Difcoveries that have been made fince beins onely
of the North-Weft Parts of the Countrey,
along the Coails of Mar Verm io; and
this no farther than onely to
give Name to certain Capes or Promontories which
they met with, as namely i. fom de
St. Clara, near to the Mouth of the River

tory

all

Which they
.borderech

call ^io del

on Quiyira

Jfrfc
and

2.

Lasflayas.

laftly, El

3.

St. Michael. ,4.

Coronado, Eaftwarrf

J K %

Lago

del Oro,

which

of that,
1 anionic ac

M E%I

oo
Ontonteac

Tontonte.rc

Chap. IX.

A.

mention'd by fo'few, and by thofe few io obfeurely, that

is

not well be determined to be any other than that Countrey which

it

lies

can-

about

above fpoken of in Qbola and which being made Habitable

by Uxor feven Towns not inconfiderable for Habitations of native Indians, might
haply pafs for a diftinct Province. And perhaps the reafon why this Province hath
the great

Lake

Tonttac y

been fo obfeure, and

mine of thefe Towns

taken notice of, might be from the

little

by War, or fome other Accident and to

ter, The Province o/Tontonteac (faith he)
:

this

purpofe are the words of a

hath five Houjes onely

left,

late

Wri-

which jl and on the

Shore of a fait Lake,

Neva Granada

Pro-

vince of

Nor-

Ova Granada, befides that

particularly by !Bertim^

a generally

known and

defcrib'd Province of

nam'd amongfl: the Provinces of Northern America,

ChveriiM, and Golnit%ius, and in lome late Maps of America fo

Southern America,

thern America

it is

is

alfo

Tract of Land which

contains both $[eT Mexico and the feveral Provinces adjoyning to it ; but fince we
find it not defcrib'd by any at large, it will with molt verifimility pafs for that
confpicuoufly fpecifi'd, that

part of

New

Martini,

all that

Cornato,

who

and whofe Credit

is

we

Cibola

feems to have been one of the

preferred before that

four Leagues, the chiefed whereof boafts

with

o^Marcm

de

The

Granada.

Wa

of the Place, accor-

Ni%a,

two hundred Houfes, which

for the

moft

the Cellars thereto belong-,

ing, being neatly Pav'd, ferve for Stoves again!! the

Ladders.

New

Diicoverers of thefe Parts,

firft

part ate four or five Stories high, and built of Stone

Rooms by

moil plainly exprefs'd

of feven Villages, built in the circumference of

tion.

uoper

is

fhall onely infert a fhort Defcription

(faith he) confifts

NoVa Granada

who confound

though there are

ving which Decifion,

ItsDefcrip-

might appear to be

Mexico where ffcands the City of St. Foy -and this

by Monfieur
ding to

it

Cold

they afcend to their

fome Covering about

Shoulders Cotton Cloaks, painted with divers CoInhabitants go naked, onely

Middle, and over their

lours. They live on Mai%j white Peafe, Hares, Rabbets, and Venifon
their

their

Salt

wherewith they feafonthe fame, they fetch from a neighboring Lake. The Turkies, which they have in great numbers, are kill'd onely for their Feathers, not*
withftanding their Flefh is exceeding good Meat. The Soil is for the mod pare
and the Paftures flourifli with Grafs. The
plain, yet hath fome high Mountains
Woods abound with Bears, Tygers, Lyons, wild Hogs, Rhinocerots, and the like
;

Ways dangerous for Travellers. Befides large

which in bignefs may compare with Horfes, having ex-

ravenous Beads, which make the

Deer, there are alfo Sheep,
ceeding great Horns, and

little

Tails.

Concerning the abundance of

Turkoifes,

could give no certain account, becaufe a

little

convey'd their Children, which were under

above
it is

fixty years

of which Ni^a makes mention,

before his Arrival the Granadiam had

fifteen,

and the aged People, who were

of age, with their chiefeft Goods, into remote places.

not unknown, that this Countrey affords lurkoifes

when they were

However,

for Cornato in his

to Quivira, Beficg'd a City in thefe Parts near a great River

whereof,

Cornato

Journey

the Inhabitants

not able to defend themlelves any longer, throwing their

Cloaks, Turkoifes ,and other Riches into the Fire, Sallied out upon the Spaniards, and
died not altogether unreveng'd, as fhall be fpecifVd
oTignes> which being nam'd

among

the

Towns

more

at large in the

of Quivira, will upon the compa

ring of Circumftances,be apparently found to be the fame with

Laftly, N[ew

Granadahnh no Fruit-Trees, but

Defcription

little

Cedars

fit

this.

for Building*

CHAP.

I
i

M E %_ I C

<U

Chap. X.

CHAP.

A.

"',

X.

Quivira.
Uivira

Region accounted of California, largely taken

the next

is

ing by fome Charts to

lie fo vaftly

remote, that

ind other Provinces already mention'd,

And
tain

whereas
it it is,

Granada

lS[ew

that

by fome

is

all

confounded with

between that and

lie

this

yet appear*

2{e^ Mexico,

by feveral made a part of 2{ew Mexico

it is

Countrey, or

yet

at leaft

Gallicia,

the Ifland.

mod

cer-

accounted

a part thereof, as hereafter fhall more plainly appear, according to the Account of
thofe that have moll fully and particularly defcrib'd it.
QuiYira
X.

takes

up

the raoft

Northern and unknown part of America towards

*-

the

^^h and
Quivira-,

*i

tion
Weft, reaching as far as the fuppofed Straight of Anion aforefaid (if there be any f e ^" pInhabltant
fuch) or elfe joyning to the Continent otTartary* It is likewife the leaf! fruitful
-

s.

part of all the WefiIndies, efpecially for Corn.

Cattel

fturage indifferent good, the Countrey being for the

The

but Pafturage.

thing

elfe

great

Companies together,

Neighbors

and

(as

is

it

hath good ftore, and Pa-

it

mod

plain and level, and no-

Natives are few and falvage, living in Hoards or

after the

manner of

whom

the Tartars, to

The Men

not improbably thought) of their Race.-

Clothe themfelves moft commonly in that kind of Oxes Hide,

under the Name of Taurus Mexkanus. The Women wear little

elfe where

elfe

Their Cattel, though they are much

lefs

is

exceflive

than the ordinary Kine of Europe^

and Employment of the Natives

are the chief Suftenance

ipoken of

but their Hair,

notwithftanding the Countrey, efpecially for one half of the year,

cold,

they are

by Pafturing huge Herds

whereof from place to place, the People live, and maintain a Traffick with other
Parts. Yet fome of them inhabit Towns, the chief whereof, as yet difcover'd, feem
to be thefe which follow

Jens, or Acuco,

i,

a fmali

Town,

but feated in a ftrong defenfible place, and

being a great Staple for Cotton, the Territory about

ftinct
2.

hath been taken for a di-

Province, and by fome calPd The kingdom of Acuco,

Tignes, a Town feated upon the Banks of a River bearing the fame

and inhabited,

it

feems, by a flout and refolute People, and

coming amongfl them

whom

Year 1 540. had much ado to rnafter

Weeks and at laft finding themfelves

in the

a Siege for the fpace of fix

by

it

Name,

the Spaniards,

for they endur'd

fo ftrongly begirt

was no means to efcape but by Death, or yielding up

themfelves, rather than they would fall alive into their hands, they firft buried and
their Enemies, that there

fpoil'd all fuch Treafure as they

Gemf,

had (which were chiefly Saphires, and a few other

that the Countrey afforded) and after that fetting

on

fire their

Houmold-

made a defperate Sally

out upon the Spaniards
wherein although they were moft, of them (lain, and trod
under the Horfes Feet, or drown'd in pafling the River,yet was it not without fome
lofs to the Spaniards themfelves
nor would thofe few that were left behind deliver
ftuff,

they took their Wives and Children with them, and

;

Town, till it was fiYd about their Ears, and that they could no longer abide
in it.
This Town, by all Circumftances, muft needs be the fame with that before
mentioned in Nova Granada, which makes good what we have faid above, vi%.. Thai
up

the

NeTt>

Granada

is

by fome confounded with i or at leaft taken for a part of shis Region*

Gs

3.

Cteuk)

ns

**J

of

note*

AMERICA

'-"

3>

Chap. X.

fm all Town, four days Journey from Ttgms. The Countrey

about this place, although generally it be all good Pafturage, and maintains
abun.
dance of Cartel, yet is it fo open and plain, that for almoft a hundred
Miles to<r e .
ther, the Spaniards, in their March hither from New Spain, found
neither Stone nor
Tree, nor any thing elfe that could ferve them for a Land-mark lb that
3.

Qcuic, another

they were

fore'd, as they

march'd along, to

direction in their

raife

up Heaps of Cow-dung, 'to

coming back, which was not long

after

ferve

them

for not finding the

for

Com,

modifies they fought for, and fearing to be furpris'd by Winter in thofe

cold Countreys, where they had no kind of accommodation,
they made fomewhata hafty
Pvetreat, leaving behind them onely fome few
Religious Men, of the Order of
St. Francis, whofe Endeavours to do the People good
by Converting them to the

Knowledge and Worfhip of Almighty God,procur'd them not long

Crown of Martyrdom, being murder'd all of them, except one, by the
true

after, the

Natives,' and

much

he not without

iscvm Mien.

'^.

L ^1

difficulty efcapingtheir

Hands.

Ova Albion was fo denominated by Sir Francis Drake,

by

when he was

there Enter-

King of that Countrey but whether it were in Quivira that he

was thus Entertain' d, and left that Denomination, or in the Ifland
of California, appears not either from the Relation, or from the common
Confent of Cofmographers, fince fome there are, who will have Qmvira and
Nova Jlbion to be one and the
fame Province others reckon it to be the ucmoft North- Weft part
tain'd

the-

of

others

make

it

diftind from Quivira, yet determine

Teeming rather to make

little

Drake,

it

an adjoyning Countrey to

California]

down, and leave the farther Difquifition concerning the

Situation of the Place, till we come to defcribe the Ifland
of California it felf.
Ca P tain Fran ^ake fet Sail from Plymouth Jnno 1
577 and after much hardfhip

L*rl
nvahhere.

not to the Ifland

Qumra wherefore finding

concerns the Defcription of the Place, except the faid
Voyage of

elfe that

we

it

California-

fliall

here

fet it

getting through the Straights of Magellan, arriv'd in

the Haven Guatulco, having before his coming thither taken as many rich Spanijh
Ships in the Southern Ocean as
he could poffibly have wifli'd for
fo that his onely care now needed to have been
,
how to get fafe home- yet he put on a Refolution, not to come fliort of Ferdinands
Magellan^, who Saild about the World. Which brave

approved of by

Sea-men

Refolution of Drakes was

Sail along the North of Califor-

whereupon he fet
of
being gotten into forty two Degrees, which was the fartheft
that Cabrillo went, he came on a fudden out of a
warm Air into fo frigid a Climate,
that the Sea-men were almoft kill'd
with Cold, and the farther they went, the'
colder it grew
wherefore falling down three Degrees more Southerly, they got
nia the fifth

all his

JW

into a convenient Haven, where the Natives

who liv'd along the Shore brought
them Prefents which Drake left not unrequited, by returning
them others,- that
.

Habit o? t he
g'opie.

were to them more novel, and not unufeful.

kefe Peopie are exceeding hardy for,notwithftanding
the extraordinary coldnefs of the Climate, the Men go naked
but the Women wear Garments of pleited
Flags or Rufhes, which being put about their
Middle, hang down to their Ancles ".
on their Stomachs hang the ends of a hairy Skin ty'd together,
which hanging alfo

over their Shoulders, cover their hinder Parts.

They (hew great Refpeft and
Obedience to their Husbands. Each Houfe is furrounded
with an Earthen Wall,
and all the Corners thereof being clofe ftopp'd, and fires
made in the midft of
them, they are very warm. Rufhes and Flags ftrow'd
thick orf the Ground near
the Walls, ferve

The

Indians

them in ftead of Beds.

coming a fecond time to

Viiit the Englifh, brought

them Plumes of
Feathers,

AMERICA.

Chap. X.

Feathers,

Neckbands of Net-work, and

(lore

of Tobacco

'Drake pleas'd

with this
Tents on the Brow of a Hill, on the top of which the Indians
ftood that brought the Prefents, whil'fl one of them with a loud voice maintained
a long Difcourfe which he had no fooner ended,but every one laid down
his Bowe
and Arrows, and walk'd unarm'd down to the Tents to proffer their Gifts
their
Wives flaying behind on the top, pinch'd their Cheeks, and made fad lamentation;
:

their kindnefs, built

which Drake fuppos'd was becaufe they made. Offerings

caus'd all his

Men

to kneel

down and

look very eameftly upon them, and to

they had received of him.

there

whereupon he

fay their Prayers,

which made the Indians to

return him the Prefents which the day before

The rumour of thefe

Strangers arrival fpreading a y over the Countrey,

the Inhabitants far and near defirous to fee them ;' the King himfelf
fending
baffadors to Drake, to inform

him

alio

made DV* *&

Am- 5*53
C

was on the Way coming to fee him all tnt

which the Agents related at large, and dehYd fome Prefents, as a teflimony
that
their King mould be welcome which he being affur'd of,
came with a Retinue of
above twelve thoufand Men, before whom walk'd one of a Gygantick fize,
carryinga coftly Scepter, on which, by three long Chains made of Bones, 'hung
a
that he

Crown made

great and a fmall

Sute of Cony=Skins
carrying a Prefent
to meet the King

of Feathers; next follow'd the King himfelf in a

then came a great confus'd company of People, each of them

whereupon Drake putting his Men into good order, march'd

at which the Mace-bearer made a long Preamble,
and when he

had done, Danc'd to the Tune of a Song, which he Sung himfelf

then the King
and his whole Retinue alfo fell a Singing and Dancing fo
long, t'ill being weary
the King went to Drake, and humbly dehYd of him,
that he would accept of the
Realm, affuringhim, that all the People fhould be under his
which

Obedience;

he put the fore-mention'd Crown on his Head, and

hanging three' double
Chains about his Neck, call'd him Hioh
whereupon Drake took poffefTion of
faid,

the

Countrey
tinue

in

Queen

went amongfl

Elizabeths

Name. The King

flaying alone with Drake, his Re-

the Ehglifh, every one looking very earneflly

upon them, and

to

iA
to thole

whom

M E %I C

Chap. XI,

A.

they lik'd beft, being the youngeft, they falling

down and

crying,

Gods, and held their Cheeks to draw Blood out of them

but fhew'd them great Wounds, and de
refilling, they defifted

proffer'd Offerings, as to

which the
fir'd fome

Englifh

of them, which they iuppli'd them with.

going up into the Countrey found the fame well grown with Woods,

Plaifters

Th? Englifi

which abounded with Coneys, whofe Heads

like Rats,

having Feet like Moles, long Tails

when

they had

fill'd

differ'd little

and

from the

Bag, wherein

in their Sides a

They

their Bellies they put the remainder.

but

European,

alfo

faw nume-

rous Herds of Deer, with whofe Flcfh having been courteoufly Entertained in feveral
Villages, they return'd to the Fleet. Drake, juft before he weighed Anchor, caus'd

Ground with

AMonumem a pillar to be fet in the

on the fame, with an Infcrip-

a Silver Plate

free

mentioning the Day of his Arrival, Name and Arms of Queen Elizabeth, and
he alfo nail'd a Sixpence with
delivering of that Realm to him by the Indians

the

Queens

Drake before t i on
,

Effigies

on the

Plate, under

which he caus'd

his

own Name

to be

Engraven.

THE

I
O

thern America.
CHAP.

XI.

Terra Dtyoa, or 3\(jiv-found Land, with the Ifland of Jjfumption.

Aving

treated at large of all the feveral

Regions and Provinces of the North part of the Continent of America, we

come now
grees of

nent

to thofe Iflands that

lie

Northern Latitude with

The

firft is

within the fame De-

that part

of the Conti-

Terre NeuVe, or 2fy"&found

Land, difco-

ver'd together with feveral other Parts

before mention'd by Sir Sebajlian

upon the Continent

Cabott, by the Counte-

nance and Charge of King Henry the Seventh of England

;
whereupon a rightful Claim thereunto, and Intereft therein, hath beenown'd by
the fucceeding Kings of England, as hereafter fhall be

BoLTof"
iZZl

ISfjiTb

-found

Land

is

fituated betwixt the Degrees

Northern Latitude, and

is

in length, greater in breadth,

Return from the

particularly related.

of forty

fix

and

fifty three

of

Arm

of

divided from the Continent of America by an

the Sea, in like diftance as England

their

more

is

and

IVfJl-Indies,

from

France.

The

Ifland

is

as large as England

lies

near the Courfe that Ships ufually hold in

and

is

near the niid*way between Ireland and

Virginia*

We


'IM'

IHBBI

I!
.

Chap. XI.
We fliall not much

M E%_1

<tA

need to

commend

C A.

wholfom temperature of this Coiin-

the

Tehipcrattire

above three Degrees nearer to the South,

that even in the Winter it is pleafant and health*

trey, feeing the greateft part thereof liech

than any part of England doth, fo

ful as England

The

is.

natural Inhabitants of the Countrey, as they are but few in

number, fo are
they fomething a rude and falvage People, having neither knowledge of God, nor
living under any kind of Civil Government. In their Habits, Cuftoms, and Manners, they refemblethe Indians of the Continent, from whence it is to be fuppos'd
they come; they live altogether in the North and Weft part of the Countrey,which
but the French and 'Bifcainers (who refort thither
is feldom frequented by the Englijh
yearly for the Whale-fifhing, and alfo for the Codfifh) report them to be an in-

Nature of
the Inhabit
tants,

genuous and tractable People (being well us'd) and very ready to aflift them with
great labour and patience, in the killing, cutting, and boyling of Whales, and making the Trayn-Oyl, without expectation of other Reward than a

ibme fuch fmall

little

Bread, of

Hire.

hath the moft commodious Harbours in the World, and the moft fafe Seas to
Sail to it,there being not any Iflands,Rocks or Sands between the Lands-End mEnvIt

land

and

thither,

Land,&nd for the moft part

NeTfr-found

and

lefs

coming back

and

is

it is

the moft

not above three or four Weeks Sail

commodioufly

fituated for the dif-

covering of the North- Weft Paffage, and other Inlets into the South Sea whereby
;
the ordinary Voyages to China, Japan, and the Eafi-Indies, are much eas'd in the ex-

pence of Time and Charge

of the

On

Weft- Indies,

and the moft open to Trade to

all Parts,

of any Ifland

the Eaft fide of the

Land, are the Bays of Trinity and

Conception,

which

ftretch

themfelves towards the South- Weft.

Tor*Bay and CapeltmBay lying alfo on the Eaft, ftretch themfelves towards the
Weft.

The Bays

otTrefpafley, St. Mary,

Land, extend

their

Arms towards

The great Bay of

Bond, and

Tlaifance,

on

the South part of the

North.

the

lying on the South* Weft fide of the Land, and Southerly from the great River of Qanada,bc'm^ about twenty Leagues diftant, the fame
ftretcheth

toward

St. Peters

the Eaft.

Harbour lies in near forty nine Degrees of North Latitude, being very
commodioufly feated to receive Shipping in feafonable Weather,both to Anchor in,
and from thence to Sail towards either the Eaft, Weft, or South. It hath three Arms
Trinity

or Rivers, long and large enough for

many hundred

of Ships to moare faftat

Clofe adjoyning to the Rivers
Sail

Anchor near a Mile from the Harbours Mouth.

fide, and within the Harbour, is much open Land, well ftor'd
with Grafs fufficient, Winter and Summer, to maintain great ftore of ordinary Cartel,
befides Hogs
and Goats, if fuch Beafts were carried thither
and it ftandeth North moft of any
Harbor in the Land, where our Nation praftifeth Fifliing It is near unto a great
.

Bay

lying on the North fide of

Ships repair to
ter,

Fifli, in

it,

cali'd Tl?e

Bay of Flowers

to

which Place no

regard of fundry Rocks and Ledges lying even with the

Wa

and full of danger.

The bottom of the Bay

of Trinity

within four Leagues through the Land

South-Weft, Southerly from Trinity, as by experience is found and it
comes near
5
unto the Bay otTrefpaffey, and the bottom of fome other Bays.
Trejpajjey in like

manner

lieth

commodious a Harbour, lying in a more temperate'

Climate, almoft in forty fix Degrees of North Latitude, and^is both fair and pleafant, and a wholfom Coaft free from Rocks and
Shelves; fo that of all other Haris

as

'Oitrs

4,

MjMMM

Commodiouj HarhorsJ

AMERICA.

J*
bours

it lies

the

mod

mod

South of any in the Land, and

our Shipping, patting to and from

Virginia

XL

Chap.

conveniently to receive

and the 'Bermuda

Iflands

and alio any

other Shipping that fhall pafs to and from the River of Canada, and the Coaft thereof, becaufc they ufually pafs, and fo return in the fight of the Land oiTrefpaJfey

and

fome other purpofes,

alfo for

as

fliall

be partly declared in the following

Difcourfe.
luisoii,

The

Countrey

Soil of this

ful, as that in divers places the

in the Valleys

Summer

plenty of green Peafe, and Fitches,

and

fides

of the Mountains

is

fo fruit-

naturally produceth without Tillage, great

fair,

round,

and

full,

as

wholfom

as ours in

England*
Barries

and

Fruits.

Of

Berries

and

grows Strawberries, red and white, and

Fruits, there

Rafpice.berries and Goofe-berriesas there be-in England

fome

are call'd by

and many other

Whortes,

as fair

as alfo Bilberries,

which

delicate Berries peculiar to the

Coun-

abundance. Likewife fmall Pears, Cherries, Filberds, 6r&

There are alfo Herbs for Sallets and Broth, as Parfly, Alexander, Sorrel, &c. and
alfo Flowers, as the red and white Damask Role, with other kinds, which are mod:
beautiful and delightful, both to the fight and fmell. And quedionlefs, the Countrey, in great

Herbs and
Flowers.

trey

is

dor'd with

many

When Corn was

Phyfical Herbs, though their Vertues are not

Sow'n here,
was great, and the Grain very good
fird

wasobferv'd to grow very

it

and feveral

forts

known.

fair, the increafe

of Kitchin Plants that have

been Set here, have prov'd very well.

Beafts.'

In divers parts of the Countrey there

fome Hares, maBeavers, Martins and Otters, yielding excellent Funs, Wolves

ny Foxes, Squerrils,
and Bears, with other
and Delight.
Bird

forts

is

great (lore of Deer, and

of Beads, ferving

Variety both of Land and Water*Fowl

is

as well for Neceflity, as for Profit

in this

Countrey

infinite

The

chief

Land=Fowl, befides a great number of fmall Birds, that live by fcraping their Food
from the Earth in the harded Winter,are Hawks,great and fmall Partridges,Thrufh,
and Thruffels abundance, very fat
as alfo Filladies, Nightingales, and fuch like,
which fing mod pleafantly. There are alfo Birds that live by prey, as Ravens,
;

Gripes, Crows, <&c.

For Water*Fowl, there

any part of the World,

variety, as in

and many other

they have but a

forts.

little

men

as GccCq,

Thefe Penguins are

Wing

(hort

is

certainly fo good,

and

as

much

Ducks, Pigeons, Gulls, Penguins,

as big as Geefe,

and they multiply

but do not

fo infinitely

upon

flye,

for

a certain

them from thence upon a Board into their Boats by

hundreds at a time, as if God had made the innocency of fo poor a Creature to become fuch an admirable Indrument for the fudentation of Man And alfo Godwits, Curlews, and fuch like 5 which Fowl do not onely ferve thofe that Trade
fiat Ifland,

that

drive

thither for Food, but alfo they are a great furthering to divers Ships Voyages, be*

caufe the abundance of them

is

the quarters of Sea*Fowl

Springs.

fuch, that the Fifher-men do bait their

Hooks with

on them and therewith fome Ships do yearly take a great

part of their Fifhing Voyages with fuch Bait, before they can get others.
1 he frefli Waters and Springs of that Countrey are many in number, and with*
all fo very pleafant, delightful and wholfom, that no Countrey in the Woild hath
better
And Fewel for Fireing, no where more plentiful.
In like manner there is great abundance of Trees fit to beemploy'din other ferviceable ufes
There are Fir and Spruce/Trees, found, good, and fit to Mad Ships

Trees.

with, and as

commodious

for

Boards and Buildings

as thofe

of

and out

2$ont>ay
;

of thefe come abundance of Turpentine. Moreover the Pine and Birch/Tre es here
arefcarce to be compar'd for heighth and grcatnefs.

The

iA Ad

Chap..X.
The

%^ I C

A.

307

Rivers alfo and Harbours are generally ftor'd with delicate

?eals, Eels,

Fi(1i,as

Salmons,

Herrings, Mackrel, Flounders, Launce, Capclin, Cod, and Trouts,

and fweeteft, that ever were feen in thefe Parts. The

Lobfters, Cra-fifh, Mufsles, and other variety of Shelhfilh,
The Seas likewife all along the Coaft, do plentifully abound in other
:he faired, fatteft

Fifh, as

like

But the

Royal

chief

Fid), &*c.

Commodity

be a fetled Trade, and that

it

New found Land yet known, and which is grown to

may be much bettered by an ordinary Plantation there,
of

Traders thither will take fome better courfe than formerly they have done,

as fhall be declared)

many

of

forts

Whales, Spanijh Mackrel, Dorrel, Pales, Herrings, Hogs, Porpofes, Seals,

and fuch

(if the

like for

is

the Cod*fifhing

upon

that Coaft,

by which our Nation and

other Countreys are enrich'd.

Almoft incredible

is

the benefit of the Fifh,

from

Coaft of

which the

and

French, Bifcainers,

Land, and thc3ank

which
lieth within twenty five Leagues from the South Cape of that Countrey, where the
French ufe to Fifh Winter and Summer, ufually making two Voyages every year
thither. To which Places, and to the Coaft of Qanada, which lieth near unto it,
are yearly fent from thofe Countreys, more than four hundred Sail of Ships.

(portuguefe fetch yearly

This

this

lS[ew-found

Iiland of Terra 2^oVa belongs properly

and

juftly to the

Crown of

England,

having been under the fole Jurifdiction of the Englifh from the firft Difcovery thereof, which was by Sir Sebajlian Qabot, Employ'd by King Henry the Seventh, to find
out fome other part of America, than what had been dilcover'd by Columbus, as hath

been above declar'd in feveral places.

Afterwards King Henry the Eighth continu'd the

Englijb

Intereft there,

and

Employ'd one ^utt into that Ifland, in order to the Plantation thereof.
Queen Elizabeth no lefs careful to preferve that Plantation, fent Sir Humphrey
Gilbert, a DeVonpire Knight, to plant a Colony there, the better to fecure the fame,
and to increafe Trading there and accordingly the faid Sir Humphrey with two
j

good Ships and a Pinnace in her Name, took pofteffion of that, Countrey, in the
Harbour of St. Johns. He Sail'd from thence towards Virginia, and by reafon of
fome unhappy direction in his Courfe, the greateft Ship he had ftruck upon Shelves
on the Coaft of Canada, and was there loft, with moft part of the Company in her
5

and he himfelf, being then in a fmall Pinnace of twenty Tun, in the company of
his Vice- Admiral (Captain Hays) returningtowards England, in a great Storm, was
overwhelmed

in the Sea,

and

fo periOi'd.

was undertaken anewby John Guy, a Merchant of Briftol,

and with fo good fuccefs, that the Colony in a fhort time were well furnifh'd with
Wheat, Rye, Barley, and other Grain of their own Sowing, with Turnips, Coleworts, and abundance of other neceffary things, not without fome probable hopes
In the Year 1608.

it

of Metals, a certain and plentiful Trade of Sables, Musk, and other

rich

Com-

modities.
In the Year 1620. Sir George Calvert Knight, then principal Secretary of State,

and a Privy Councellor to King James

TSLew-found Land, which was afterwards

The Province
-J Avalon in

0Hnd
the Firft of England, Sec. purchased a part of f'/
in the Year 162]. granted to him and his

Heirs by Patent from the faid King, under the Great Seal of England, bearing Date
the feventh of ^dpril, in the
the faid Tract of

One and

Land was erected

Sir George Qalvert, call'd Avalon,

firft

twentieth Year of his Reign

by which' means

into a Province, and at the Inftance of the faid

from Avalon

in Sommerfet-pire,

where

Chriftianity

was

Planted in England.
CD

'This Province

lies in

the forty feventh

Degree of Northern Latitude, and

is

thus

bounded

^H

38

AMERICA.

Chap.

bounded
Ic begins Southerly from the middle part of a certain Neck of
Land o
Promontory, {uua:e between the two Harbours, Fermofe and Jauafort and frorr
:

thence following the Shore towards the

over

a little

deth

upon

Harbour, calPd

North unto

the middle part, or half

wa\

in that regard Petit Tort, or Petit Harbour,

which bounone half of a

Port dffetit Harbour ; and fo tending

the South part of the Plantation of St. Johns, including the

certain frefh River, that falleth into the faid

along the South Border of the faid Colony of St. Johns, extendeth it felfto a
certain
little Bay, commonly call'd Salmon Coye, lying on the South fide
of the Bay of"
Conception, including theone half of the River that falleth into the faid
Co^e, as alfo

onehalfofthe CoVek felf from whence paffing along the Shore of the faid
Bay
towards the South, and reaching unto the bottom thereof, where it meets
with
the Lands of the fore.-niention'd John Guy, nam'd Sea Forrejl, is bounded
with a certain River or Brook, which there falleth into the Sea, and from the
Mouth of the
faid Brook afcendeth unto the fartheft Spring or Head thereof j-from
thence

paffing towards the South for fix Miles together along the Borders of the
faid John Guy's
Plantation, and there crofling over Weftward in a right Line, reacheth

unto the
and the fpace of one League within the laid Bay from the Shore
thereof
whence turning again towards the South, paffeth along the Harbour of
Placentia, with the like diftance from the Shore, and defcendin? um:o
]S[ew Falkland

Bay

offlacentia,
j

towards the North and Well part thereof, ftretcheth it felf in a right Line
Eaftward, continuing the whole Southerly length upon the Bounds of the faid
New
Falkland, unto the middle part or Point of the Promontory, or Neck
of Land bementioned,
fore
between the Ports Fermofe and Jquafort at which place is defcrib'd
and fmifli'd the Perambulation of the whole Precinct, whofe Extent may be
;

thus

computed, commencing from the Promontory between the Ports Fermofe and
Jquawhich
is
fifty or fixty Miles from South to North diftant from Petit
fort,
Harbour

from whence

Weftward to the Bay of Placentia, is judg'd to be fixty Miles

more or upwards, from Eaft to Weft.
And thereby was alfo granted to the faid Sir George Cahcrt and his Heirs all
and

Iflands

cro/Ting

within ten Leagues of the Eaftern Shore of the faid Region towards the Eaft, together with the Fifihing of all forts of Fifh, faving unto the
Engliff?
free liberty of Fifning, as well in the Seas as in the Ports and
Creeks of the Province
aforefaid,

Iilets,

and the Priviledges of falting and drying

upon the Shores of

the faid Province,as heretofore they reafonably us'd and enjoy'd
the fame, fo as they
do no injury or notable

their Fiih

lofs or

detriment unto the Lord Proprietary, his Heirs and

Affigns, or to the Inhabitants of the faid Province, in the Ports,
Creeks, and Shores
aforefaid,

And by

and eipecially

in the

Woods growing within

the faid Province.

the faid Patent all

and Civil, within the

faid

Royal Jurifdiftions and Prerogatives, both Military

Province and Iflands thereunto belonging, were farther

granted to the faid Sir George Cahert and his Heirs, and he and they
thereby created
the true and abfolute Lords and Proprietaries of the faid
Province, faving the Allegiance due to His Majefty,His Heirs and SuccelTors, to
beheld of them
in Cafkt,

yielding and paying unto them therefore a white Horfe,

when, and as often as any
of them fhallcome into the faid Province, and the fifth part of
all Gold and Silver

Oar which mould be found

there.

Sir George Cahert, before the obtaining

and Fort

of

this Patent,

had caus'd a

to be built in the faid Province, at a place call'd

Ferryland,

and

Houfe

fair

in the

Year

1624. having obtair/d a Difmiffion from his Employment of Secretary

of State,
and being then created Lord Baltemore of Baltemore in Ireland, he did
in the

1617. Tranfport himfelf to Anion, to infpeft his Concerns there in Pcrfon

Year

from

whence

whence returning the

rid all

me

A.

jop

fame year, he Embarqu'd himfelf again,together with

Family, except his eldeft Son, for J.Valon the year following

his

War between

(there being then

of

ail

M E X^I C

*A

:hap. XI.

at

England and France) he redeem'd above twenty

which had been taken there

Englijh Ships,

Lady
which

his

that year

Men

by French

De la tirade had the chief Command, and

Fifhing Ships upon that Coaft, and fent them the lame

of War,

'hereof one Monfieur

fhortly after took

x French

year, with a great

iany French-men Prifoners, into England,

id continu'd the Plantation

eceafe

till

his

Coming

Death, which was

defcended of right to his Son and Heir

it

lereupon fent one Captain William Hill as

and to manage

lereof,

thence, he

Deputy

his

his Intereft there for

Cecil,

in

JffM

632.

now Lord

there,

whofe

After

Baltemore

who

thither, to take poffeffion

Captain

him*

Deputy

left

Hill,

according to his

)ommi(Tion, (hortly after repair'd thither, and liv'd fome years at the Lord Balmore's

Houfe

at Ferryland

above mention'd.

In the thirteenth Year of King Charles the Firft, of England , Sec. about the Year

four Lord 1638. Marquefs Hamilton, Earl of Pembroke, Sir David &rk, and others,
nder pretence that the Lord Baltemore had deferted that Plantation, obtain'd a

was included, and fhortly after difManfion Houfe in Ferryland, and other Rights

atent of all New-found Land, wherein Avalon

olTefs'd the

Lord

of

'Baltemore

his

iere,.and during the late Rebellion in England kept pofteflion

King

ifty

Charles the

Second, immediately after his

but His

mod happy

now Ma*

Reftauration in

Year \66o, upon the now Lord Baltimore $ Petition, thought fit to refer the
rhole Matter to be Examin'd by Sir Orlando Bridgeman, then Lord-Chief Juftice,
le

ow

Lord^Keeper of the Great Seal o England, and others, to report the true

hereof to His Majefty, together with their Opinions thereupon

ccordingly,

upon

full

hearing of Council on bothiides,

certified,

The
That

ftate

R'cferrees

they con-

good Patent, in farce, and not

and that the Title and Intereft
voided by the later to Sir David Kjrk and others
the faid Province did therefore belong to the Lord Baltemore, Whereupon His
4ajefty, on the twentieth of March in the fame Year, Order'd the PoiTeflion thereof
eiv'd the laid Patent to Sir George Calvert, to be a

be redelivered to hisLordfliip, which was accordingly executed

ime

Since which

Lordfhip has peaceably enjoy 'd the poiTeflion thereof, and continues the

his

by deputing Lieutenants there from time to time,

letter Government of that Province, the reft of ISteip found Land remaining
he aforefaid Proprietors, claiming by the Patent of 13 Qar. i
Plantation to this day,

for the
ftill

to

The Commodities
vith thofe

he

very hot, but wkhal pleafant

The Winter

there, are the

there

is

extream cold,

and during that Seafon there

is

great

Coaft of

this

Province

is

very

fafe,

and

as well furnifh'd

with variety of

any other part of NeTt-found Land where the Englikewife Fifh for Cod, the leiTer fort whereof is call'd foor^John, which is there

>old

and pleafant Harbors,

as

:aught in great abundance, efpecially at Ferryland, and in the Bay of Bulls.

hefe

two

Capling

is

fame

of Pafture for Cattel.

The
ijh

by Art or Nature produe'd

of the remainder of Newfound Land.

Summer

>lenty

that are either

harbour

there are divers other excellent Harbors

Bay Qape Broyle,

Brittus, IJle of Spears,

above mention'd.

On

the

Befides

on the Eaftern Shore of Avalon

Barrom CoVe y Whit burns Bay, and

Weft are the Bay

of^lacentia,

<Petit

and feveral other

[ood Harbors.

There

are

no

Zold in Winter,
be

Lord

The

Indians in Avalon,

though

Baltemore''s

Sir

Houle

and but few

Englijh,

by reafon of the

exceflivc

David IQrk and his Lady, and alfo his Family, livM in

at Ferryland for the fpace

Soil leems to promife great; ftore of Mines,

often years and upwards.

which probably may

Hh

in

time be

difcover'd.

iHi

*A

310

The

difcover'd.

late

Lord

M E %I C

Chap. XI.

A.

Baltemore took accidentally a piece of

Oar up

that lay

with him into England, which

was found upon trial to yield a greater proportion of Silver, than the Oar of Potojx
in the Weft-Indies, but hitherto no Mine of it hath been difcover'd there.

there

upon

the furface of the Earth, and brought

it

The Trade

of Fifhing being of fo great concernment to the Nation of England

it be well manag'd in this Ifland of Terra 2\Vi>d) will employ every

the fame (if

two hundred

year above

Sail

of

Englift?

Ships, and ten thoufand Mariners, bcfides

which may accrue unto the Nation by Impofition upon Strangers

there, which would amount to feveral thoufands of Pounds per Annum-, with which
thofe Coafts may be Guarded, and Ships Trading thither fecur'd
befides the great
Cuftoms by the Ships call'd The Sacks (being commonly in great numbers every
year) who carry Fifh from Newfound Land into the Straights, France, Portugal, and
Spain, and who bring their Returns into England, as Bullion, and all other native
Commodities of thofe Countreys.
the great benefit

If the Ifland

that

come

were well

we might Command

fortifi'd,

all thofe

of other Nations

to Fifh in l^ew-found Land, to pay Contribution in Fifh or otherwife, for

their Priviledge to Fifh there, the faid Ifland being

tainingtothe

Kingdom of England

firft

Planted by Englijh, and per-

or ifoccafion fliould require, they might be

utterly debarr'd of Fifhing there.

The Trade

of Fifhing

is

of fo great concernment to

France, Spain, Portugal,

the

and other Parts, that they cannot well be without that yearly Supply
in Fifh which comes from that Ifland : Neither can the Hollanders, Spaniards, or
Straights,

any Ships to the Weft-Indies, without Newfound Land Fifh, there

being none that will endure to pafs the Line found and untainted, but the Fifh of
that Countrey, faked and dry'd there. And fo long as the Act continues Hill in
Portuguese, well fet

force.

That no

Fifh be Tranfported

will contribute very

much

from

the faid Ifland, but in Englijh Bottoms,

it

to our encreafe of Shipping there,

and by confequence,
of the employment of Mariners and the Fifhing of that part of the Ifland will
be folely appropriated to the Englijh Nation, to whom of right it belongs, which
will prove the greateft Ballance of Trade in that part of the World
and
j

that whereas above

thoufand

Sail

two hundred

do Trade thither yearly to Fifh, if a

come, if there be but Fifher.men enow, they may all have Fraughtage
Sail

there.

The

once the Ifland be

French, if

fortifi'd, will

be depriv'd of their Nurfery of

Mariners, this being the onely place, befides Canada, and one or

where they come for fupply of Fifh, with which

fo well from other Parts.

By

and thofe Parts, would be much encourag'd,

Plantation.

might give a
America, and
by great

in their

Law

having had of

to

all

Key

Gulf of Qanada, which if the

pofleffion, as they had in the Years 1628. and 1631. they
foreign Kings and People interefted in any of the parts of

Befides, 2<{ew-found Land

had again

IS^ew England

TS(fto

with Ne7t>-found Land, where they vend the Growth of their

late great Traffick

is

to the

upon that Continent, where*

the Nation and People of it

a Protection to all the Englijh Plantations

fecurity,

comfort and profit would

whereas on the contrary,

of the

Nation cannot be furnifh'd

well Planting and Fortifying Ney>-found Land, the Trading to Virginia,

England,

Englijh

that

two adjacent Coafts,

arife to

if the French, Spanijh,

or Dutch, fhould poffefs themfelves

faid Plantation, they

vantages aforefaid,

would not onely deprive this Nation of all

but would alio derive to themfelves fo great a Power

the

Ad-

to preju-

dice all the Plantations of the Coafts of America belonging to this Nation, that the

Inconveniences thereof arc fcarceto be imagin'd or exprels'd.

After

.'

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t r ff. li't'Uitm. Cannrny
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SMJfrantu W*&
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(Chap. XII.

<tA

M E %^l

C A.

After the granting of the Patent aforefaid of 13 Gir.

3
Sir

1.

Vavid

great

I^irk's

Pains there, and conftant Endeavours, were beyond expectation blefs'd with a continuance and prefervation of Trade in that Place 5 in the carrying on of which, he

had always a

lpecial regard to the real

Advantage of this Kingdom, and the parti-

cular Service of His Majefty.

Before this Ifland, right over againft Qape^ay, at the diftanceof twenty four
ere lieth

an huge Bank or Ridge or Land, extending

it

The

**$

felf in *rr*itovd,

length out of the Sea, above a hundred Leagues, but in breadth not above four or

and twenty, when it is broadeft, and in other parts much lefs, fliarpning to*
wards each end into a Conm, or narrow Point. It is accounted one of the Wonders
of the Sea, which round about, at fome diftance, is very deep, and hardly to be

five

commonly call

founded, efpecially betwixt the Bank (for To they

dndCdpe^ay,
but drawing nearer, it grows by degrees more and more fhallow, infomuch that
nigh the Land there is not much more Water than isneceflary for the Ships to Ride
in. It runneth out in length, as was faid, from North to South, from forty one
Degrees of Latitude to fifty two and round about it there lie fcatter'd a multitude
of letter Iflands, which SitSebaJlian Qabot, when he firft difcover'd the Place, called
it)

by one

common Name

Los Baccaloos, or The Iflands ofCod-fifh,

from the

great quari-

xhsEaaahii

which wasfuch, that they hindred the paffage of his Ships, and lay in fuch multitudes upon theCoafts, that the very Bears
would come and catch them in their Claws, and draw them to Land.
of that fort ofFifli he there found

tity

TN
-*-

the Gulf of St. Laurence, towards the

lefs

him

Mouth of

confiderable Ifland, faid to have been

firft

the River Canada,

difcover'd

by

is

another

Trifle

of

'*""**"**-

Quartier,

and by
by the

The Ifland of jijfumption ; by John Jlphonfo, The Ifland of Afcenflon

;
Natives, 2<[atificotec : It extends it felf from the forty eighth to the fiftieth Degree,
call'd

between the South-Eaft

and North.Weft.

makes mention of a ftrange kinde of Fifli, found in the River of Qariadfr,

unto a Sea-Hog, but having the Head of a Hare, it is call'd by the Natives

Quartier
like

Adhothuys*

Not
Ifland

from this is a little Ifland, call'd by the Trench, Ifle de Sable, or The Sandy
and another on the Weft of Terra NoVa, call'd Ifle de Bretons, or The Ifland

far

of St, Laurence, befides feveral

little fcatter'd

Menego, and The Time Iflands of Birds

Animal,

call'd

Sea-Calf, but

by the

French, Cualrus,

Iflands in the

which
and by the
in

St. Laurence, as

arc found a kind of

%ufiians, MorfJ?

amphibious

fomewhat

like

&

more monftrous*

^iiiiiiiiiiliiiiii'iiiiiiiif

CHAP.
The Bermudas,

THe

Gulf of

^iiiiiiiliiii

XIL

or Summer-Iilands d

Bermudas, or Summer-Iflands (probably fo term' d as to the

firft

Appellate f*j%

on from certain black Hogs, by the Spaniards call'd Bermudas, which from a
Ship bound with them to fome other parts of the Weft-Indies, and caft away
upon that Coaft, fwam ailiore, and there increafed or, as others fay, from John
;

Bermudes, a Spaniard,

who

is

faid to

have been the

firft

fecond, from one George Summers, an g///fr-man,

Hh

Difcoverer

who

or, as to the
;

there furTer'd (hip wrack)

are

'"

M E^I C

Chap. XII.

J.

two Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Northern Latitude,

hundred Leagues from England, twelve hundred from Madera, four

are fituated in thirty

about

fixteen

hundred from Hifpaniola, and three hundred from the nearer! Coaft of Virginia.
The firft that endeavoured to fettle Plantations here was a Spaniard nam'd Hernando
Camelo, being defign'd Conductor in this Expedition
And this Undertaking was
:

much

fo

the

more

upon confederation

eagerly profecuted,

that

the Plate-Fleet

from Havana through the Straights of Bahama, might here have a convenient Harbour
but thofe who were invited to become Adventurers, with proffers
of great Advantage, (hewing themfelves very flack in the Bufinefs, and Charles, the
Sailing

War and

Fifth being at that time intangled in

came
any

to nothing,

and for above

fixty years after

for the Planting of thefe Iflands,

under Captain

other troublefom Affairs, the Defign

till

no

farther

at laft the French

Attempt was made by

made

Voyage

thither

by Shipwrack were fruftratcd of their hopesjnor made

they any more Preparations in this Defign. In which nevertheless the Englifh
were not fo eafily difcourag'd
for firft Captain Gofnol and Smith fet forth, at the
<Barboriere ,but

Charges of Mr. Edward

Gates, Argal t

1612. a

Wingfield

and Wyat, but

Company was

all

next, Captain Net/on

with

eftablifli'd in

one Mr. Richard Moor with

little

then fucccflively Weft,

or no fuccefs, till at length in the Year
>

London by the King's Letters Patents,

Men

who fenc

where he fpent three years

in fortifying thofe Iflands
but that which put a little flop to this good beginning,
was a kind of Misfortune that hapned for the Rats which were gotten afiiore from
a Shipwrack increas'd fo exceedingly, that they devour'd all the Plants in the Field,
and the Provifion in the Houfes, infomuch that a great Famine proceeded from
fixty

to the 'Bermudas,

means to deftroy the Vermine being in vain till at laft Providence fent
a Difeafe amongft them, which kill'd them all in a very fhort time. Mean while
Moor went on in the fortification of the Ifland, and was ere long fupply'd with frefh
People. Mr. Barlet was fent over with fixty Men, and carried from thence with
thence, all

him

eighty

Pound of Ambergreece.

And

foon after three Ships more,

vi%.

the

and the Margaret, convey'd thither four hundred and ten, Men and
Women. As foon as Moor was call'd away, Darnel Tuckard coming from Virginia to
fucceed him, beftirr'd himfelf very much, Planting all places full of Trees fetch'd
'Bkftingy the Star,

from the WeftAndian

London. Moreover,

Tobacco, with which he fraighted a Ship to

the Countrey was divided into Acres, that every Planter mighc
have an equal fhare, and know his own Lands. Jnno 1610. Tuckard was fucceeded
by Nathaniel Butler, who in four Ships brought thither five hundred Men and Wo-

men,

to fupply the

Iflands

as alfo

Plantation, which was

firft

devour'd their Provifions, fothat

don

But

now

they built a

it

was

little

Church and

things were order'd conveniently for the

I

Perfons

fet Sail thither in

Forts built
upon the Btr

mud at.

Company

in

Lon-

Court of Judicature, and all

publick good. After which many Noble

erected a

the Magazine Frigat

and the Planters being

now

fifteen

number, inhabited twenty Leagues of Land in length.

On the longed Ifland, call'd St. George, (for the 'Bermudas confifts of fevcral
Iflands, great and fmall) they built Warwick and Dover Forts, with other Fortifications and Towers, which had their Denominations from thofe Noble-men and
in

Gentlemen that were Undertakers in

from the Earl of Devonjhire the Lord
,

Forts and

decay'd fince the Rats had

look'd after by the

hundred

much

Amongft

the

Havens

Havens.

this

Plantation^

CaVendiftjTaget, Herbert ,&c.

faget, the Earl of Pembroke,

the eminenteft are,

and others.

Southampton, the Inlet Harrington,

and

the Great Sound.

All thefe Iflands lying together refemblea Half-Moon, and are furrounded with

Rocks, Vhich appear

at

Low- water, and

at

High

lie

but fhallow

for

it

feldom

Ebbs
7

XIL

Chap.

*A

M E %^ I C

A.

Ebbs or Flows above five Foot. The Shore, for the moll pari: Rocky, and hardned
by the Sun and Wind, receives no damage by the Waves which continually beat
againft the fame.

The Ground

it

felf differs

for in

fome

places

Tandy or clayie, and iti

others partly black, and partly white, or Afh-colour'd Earth
which laft is ac;
counted the worft, and the black the beft. Three Foot deep under the Afh*colour'd
;

is

it

Natu^
*

great Slates, and under the black, a white fpungie Stone, like
the Pumice, in whofe moift Crevifes Trees take root.

Earth

lie

The

Pits or Wells,

though they Ebb and Flow with the Sea, yet produce a

whollbm and fweet Water.

The Skie is generally ferenejbut when over-caft with Clouds, is fubject to Lisht*
&
^
yet the Air is of a good temper, being neither exceeding cold
ning and Thunder

|i

<

Tem

ture or

ra

:
tns

Air '

nor exceflive hot

for

which reafon

the European Fruits

grow

better there than in

their natural Soil.

Their Harveft

is

twice a year

gather'd in

Thefe

then what they

June-,

Sowe again

no hurtful Creatures
free from Poyfon.

in

Iflands breed

Cobwebs,

filken

which they Sowe

for that

The Plant

is

Nuchtly,

in March,

is

ripe

and

Jugufi^thty gather in January.

nay, the yellow Spider which fpins

^%%
?

which bears fpeckled Pears, grows betwixt the Rocks which

are drench'd with Sea-water.

The Hogs which above

Spanijl)

Wrack,

hundred and

years fince

fifty

fwam

are exceedingly increased there, but be.caufe

fcarce eatable, they feeding onely

on

the fweet Berries

afhore out of the

of their poornefs are

which

fall

from the

Talmito*

Trees.

About

and red Mulberries, which grow plentifully there, breed

thoufandsof Silk-worms, which fpin Silk according to the colour of the Multhe white

berries.

The Sea produces fome quantity of Pearls and Ambergreece,

From the beginning of the year till May, the Whales are feen
from

to

fwim not

far

the Shore.

ftrange fort of Sea-Fowl breed in Holes like Rabbets

i

and amongft: other

Birds, here are alio (lore of Cranes.

The Tobacco which

the Englijh have planted here

grows very well.

Here are likewife great Tortoifes, which Lay their Eggs in the Sand on the
Shore, where they are Hatched by the Beams of the Sun, and are taken after
this
manner In the Night fome are fet to watch where they Land, and whileft they
are digging a deep Hole in the Ground, are thrown on their Backs, and
not being

Tortoifes

S"

ableto get upon their Legs again, they lie and groan very pitifully : fome
of them
having above two Bafons full of Eggs in their Bellies which being about
the bignefs of a Tennis-Bali, have a thin Shell, which inclofeth a Yolk
and White. If thefe
.

Eggs

lie

buried

fix years,

then the

young Tortoifes breaking

the Sand, and inflantly creep into the Sea.

TheOyl made of them

toothfom.

is

Their Flefh

is

come out of
not onely wholfom but
the Shell,

not inferior to Butter.

Moreover, the 'Bermudas produce Cedars,the like of which are not to be found in ce<w
excellent
11 ..
,_
the whole World
The Leaves are douny and prickly at the cnds,almoft like thofe klnd
/
of the Juniper Tree The Wood hath a fweet fmell,and the
Berries,which are like
i

the Myrtle, of a pale Red, inclofe four white Kernels

of is fweet

The

the outermoll: Skin where*

the inncrmoft, which, covers the Kernel, (harp, and the Pulp tartifli
Trees are always flourifliihg, being at the fame time full of BlofToms, green,
.

and ripe Fruit

The

Berries,

when grown

ripe,

Hh

begin to gape, and

off in rainy

Weather,

BOH

fall

HB

AMERICA.

314-

Chap. XIII.

Weather, leaving a round Stalk on the Boughs, which lofes not its Rind till two
years after half which time the Berry requires, before it attains to its perfect ripe*
;

nefs,

which generally happens

and become

Winter

time fo heavy, that they caufe

in

Wood grows

molt, excellent

We

in the

in divers places

The Boughs fhoot ftraight upwards,

the Body of the Tree to bend. This

of the Bermudas.

conclude with the refolute Exploit of five Sea-men, Jnno 1616. who, to
the great admiration of all People, fet Sail from thence in an open VelTel of
three Tun through the main Ocean, and after having fufTer'd terrible Tempefts,
(hall

arriv'd in the fpace of feven

Thefe

Iflands are

Weeks

fafe inlreland,

remarkable for divers forts of Plants,

unknown

in other Parts,

^ed Weed, Purging Bean, Cojiive Tree, ^ed Pepper, and

Grange Birds, as the Egg Bird, Cahow, Tropkk Bird, and

as the Trickle fear, Toyfon Weed,

Alfo feveral

the Sea Feather.

the Temlico,

which prefageth Storms.

C H A

XIII.

P.

Hifpaniola.
He Iflands call'd De BarloVento, by which are underftood Hifpaniola, Cuba,
Jamaica, and Boriquen, as alfo the Lucaies,with the Caribes,

De

called
all

the

to be the

.Antilles

undecided,

under the general

we

Name

fame with the

fhall begin

of The

Ifles Antilles

Caribes onely.

with the

Ifles

De

laftly the Ifles

and Tabago, arc by fome com-

SotaVento, viz. Margareta, Cabagua,

prehended

and

though others reckon

But leaving

Controverfie

this

BarloVento, the chief

whereof

is

Hi*

fpaniola.
Bounds and

a{ Hiftanioia.

Hifpaniola, or Little Spain (as Columbus

nam'd

it) is,

though not the

largeft, yet the

by the "Natives anciently Hayti

and Quifqueia It lieth about fifteen Leagues Weftward of Porto P^ico, and diftant
from the main Land of America about one hundred and twenty 'tis of a trifaireft

and goodlieft of all the American Iflands,

call'd

angular form, the fharpeft Point whereof is that towards Porto ^jco, which they call
Cabo de Enganno

that towards the Weil: inclines to a Semicircle,

containing a

good and convenient Bay betwixt the two Points, vi^. St. Nicholas to the North,
and Cabo de Donna Maria towards the South. It is not thought to be lefs than a
hundred and fifty Leagues in length, and in breadth from threefcore to thirty, and
to contain in the compafs of the whole, four hundred Leagues at leaft, lying be*
I

twixt eighteen and twenty Degrees of Northern Latitude, having an Air fomewhat
infefted with the Morning Heats,but well coord again in the Afternoon, by a conftant

Wind from

Soil,

one of the

and
the

all

which they call there Virafon.

and moil: flourifhing Countreys

the Sea,

richeft

things elfe there continually clad, as

Meadows and

Paftures always areen ; and

it

It is,

for the fertility of the

in the

World

were, in their

the Trees
5

Summer

Livery,

of fuch an excellent Herbage, that

both great Cattel and fmall, as

Kine, Sheep, Hogs, ^f. brought thither out of Spain, having multiply'd to fuch
numbers, that they live wild now in Herds in feveral places, and are both hunted
Cattelboth breed and thrive there beyond belief;

and

killed, like

Stags or other Venifon, onely for their Hides, which they fend yearly

into Spain and other parts of Europe } as a great

Merchandize and Commodity

o*

huge profit to them.

The

z^

AMERICA.

Chap. XIII.

Wild Hogs
tudes, but the

alfo have been formerly feen to feed in the

Dogs

our Coneys.

A Beaft

fomewhat

were brought over

fince they

amongft them.
The Animals peculiar
tinlike

to this Ifland are

i.

hither,

little

Woods in great multi*

have made great havock

Bead

call'd Hutias,

2.

Qktmi, almoft of the

fame form, but a little bigger.

lefs

than the Hutias. 4.

A Beafl call'd

not

much

3. Mohtti,

****&,
''*

***

Coxi.

Likewife amongft other ftrange forts of Creatures here, the Cuyero is very
obfer- TheFiy^vable, being about an Inch big, and having four Wings/ of which
two
are larger"*

than the other

they

make

when

Room

they

they fliine after fuch a manner, that in the

Night
as light as day, infomuch that fome have made ufe
of them
flic

in

dead of Candles to Read by.

No lefs wonderful is the Fifli Manate, whofe Oiape hath been defcrib'd elfe- Thefiih**
where
It breeds for the moft part in the Sea,
yet fometimes fwimming up the 7*
Rivers, comes allioreand eats Grafs.. The Cafique Caramatexi kept
one in the Lake
Guaynato, which was fo tame, that when call'd by the Name
Maton, it us'd to come
out of the Water,and go directly to the Cafique's Houfe,where being
kd y it returned
to the Lake, accompanied with Men and Boys, who with their
Singing
:

feem'd to

delight the Fifli,

which fometimes

but at

laft a Spaniard ftriking

when

it

Lake,

till

efpy'd a Clothed

at

it

Man

with a Pike,
It liv'd

on its Back over the Water

would never come forth again

carried ten Children

it

twenty

fix

years in the fore-mention'd

by accident the River Hayboaic over-flowing into the

faid

Lake, the Fifh

return'd to the Sea.

Befides this great

Fifli,

here

is

alfo a fort

of fmall

Fifli,

call'd Jbacatuaia,

with a eF

Mouth, black Eyes encompafs'd with Silver-colour'd

Circles, four black Fins,
two long ones under its Belly, one on the Back, and one on each
fide of the Head,
the Tail (lit and cover'd with a glittering Skin
It is as big as a Flounder, and not
little

ifti/f-

**""'*

ill

Meat, but thick and round.

When

the Spaniards

fii'ft

with a fort of leaping Infers

fecled

on

Htfpaniola, they

call'd Nigua,

which

were exceedingly tormented

us'd to eat through their Skin into

the

>

In

^
,(

'

itf

M E.%1

<d

'_

many of them

the Flefh in fuch a nature, that

they found out a

Remedy

againft this Evil,

Chap. XIII.

C A.

Arms and Legs but at laft

fearing the Wounds with hot

loft their

nj'i^.

the

Irons.
Fruits.

Beiides the aforefaid plenty of Flefh, they have

many

excellent Fruits all the

year long, as Banana's, Pineapples, Cuftud-Apples, Plantens, Papans,

Musk-

Water-melons, and many other peculiar Plants, as i. the Juzjiba, a fair

large Tree, the Fruit whereof is call'd Tinnas, refembling a Malecotoon : Of this
t
Axi
of
Tree there are three forts, Jaima Botiiawa, and Jaiqua } 2. Qttauconex
>
meloi

-,

which there are

and

alfo feveral forts, as Carive, Huarahuac, Axiblajico, Acafran-jixi,

Root of which ferves in ftead of Corn

5. Certain Trees
called Guaibes, befides plenty of Mint and Potato's.
The Ifland of Hijpaniola was formerly divided into feveral Provinces, amongft
which the Mountainous Countrey Myguej lies towards the Ifle of Torto ftjeo. On
are great variety of fliarp-pointed
the Mountains, which are flat on the top
Stones. The Soil is a fort of colour'd Earth, which produces all forts of Fruit,
Axi-Coral

The Provin

.^

4. Yuca, the

,'

efpecially the

Root

Cafabi,

and Melons.

Hyguey alfo conterminates with Ycayagua

Yaquimo,

where there

Yaquimo,

is

ftore

is

of Br-afile

in length,

and above twenty

Cattel or

Mankind.

Wood

which with

the Countrey Baoruco,

Northward

Samana

lies

And between

its

Southward,

and

the City Domingo

Mountains extends

fixty

Leagues

breadth, without any Water, Pafture, or Food for

in

Next follows the Countrey Xaragua, lying at the'great Inlet which divides Hi*
for one fide extends to the Promontory of St. Nicholas, and the other to
fpaniola
the Point Ttburon. This Countrey produces abundance of Cotton.

Laftly, the Provinces Guahaba, Hanigmgya and Cahay, are very eminent

as

alfo

and LaVega %eal3 with Magnana, which lie between the two great Rivers Neyba and Yagui the ftony Countrey Ciguayos, and the
low Coaft Varied, where Gmftopher Qolumbm built the City l>{avidad, which he after-

which

Cibao,

full

is

of Gold*Mines

wards

deferted.

Ginger was formerly brought hither from the EaftJndies, but

fuch great abundance, that above two and twenty thoufand
Tranfported from thence to

With
(Peter

niola

as

good

alfo the

Martyr, a Councellor to the

pintails are yearly

Sugar-Canes and Mai%.

Emperor QharUs

the Fifth, relates,

produced in his time, befides Silver, Copper, and Iron,

fand Ducats in Gold

in

Spain.

grow here

fuccefs

now grows here

That

Hifpa

hundred thou-

five

Neverthclefs the rich Mines lay undifturb'd, becaufe they

them, infomuch that had they not planted their Royal

Seat in Domingo, the Ifland had long fince been deferted, notwithftanding the exceeding fruitfulnefs of the Soil, becaufe the Spaniards exercis'd their Cruelty in fuch

wanted People to work

in

a nature, that of fixty thoufand Inhabitants from the Year 1508. to Anno 1514. fcarce
fourteen thoufand of them were

left alive

all
;

which

is

affirmed

by the Bifliop De

Nay, the fore-mention'd Peter Martyr relates, That the Men wearied
kill'd themfelves, defpairing of ever being rewith working in the Mines
las

Cafas.

leased

from

W ombs,
r

to.

their Slavery

that

and

Women

with Child deftroy'd the Infants

they might not bear Slaves for the Spaniards.

He

That of a hundred and twenty thoufand Perfons, few were

in their

adds hereunleft

in a fhorc

time.
The Gaiety
ottnc antient
fafyutsi

Thefe Provinces
confifted chiefly in

Middle,

a String

in

fo>mer times had each of them their

Dancing to

his

of Pearls about

Devotion, with

his

Arms,

whofe fplendor

Cafique y
r

a Girdle full

Covering over

of Bells about

his Privities,

his

and a

Plume

AMERICA.

Chap. XIII.

Plume of Feathers on his Head, with

of Arm'd Men after him.

On the

Coaft are

Drummer

before him, and a fmall Train

the Point of Ntfao, ten Leagues to the Weft of Santo Do

*

firft

* and
Karens.

mtngo.

Eighteen Leagues farther

the Port Ocoa, which

is

is

Bay where

the Fleets of

Nova Hifpania take refrefhing, when they do not Anchor in the Nook of Sepefepin,
which is near unto it, or in another called the Fair Haven, two Leagues before you

come to Ocoa.
Twenty Leagues beyond Ocoa is the Port of Afua.
Thirty Leagues more Weftwardly is a large Point
Bola,

which

lieth five

The moft Wefterly

from

it

Weft ward,

of

Leagues from the Coaft.

Point

call'd Cape Tiburon

is

call'd Caprio

and farther

call'd Qtmito^

right againft the Ifland

in the

It

hath an Ifland three Leagues

and Sailing along the Coaft, you will

Nook

o Taguana another

fee

call'd Guanabo

an Ifland
of eight

Leagues long.

On

North fide of the Ifland, the moft Wefterly Cape and Port is St. Nicholas,
from whence North-Eaft and by Eaft, lieth th% Ifland of Tortuga, near the Coaft
of

the

Hifpaniola

It is

of

five

Leagues length.

Farther along the Coaft

of which there

This

Ifland

is
is

a great
fo full

is

Bay

Monte

Ckrifto,

the Weft Cape*&2{atividad

to the Eaft

call'd fort %eal.

of Harbours, that he that will Coaft

it,

cannot well mifs

of one where he pleafeth, moft of which afford frefli Meat and good Water.
Moreover, Hifpaniola hath many brave Rivers, the chiefeft of which are Hayna
Ni^ao, along whofe Shore the

firft

Sugar-Canes were planted

;

ver

tHeyba, a great Ri-

which Columbus call'd <Rio de Oro becaufe the Ground thereof

glitter'd like Gold
and laftly, the Rivers Isjjcdyagua, amongft whofe Sands is
Gold Nigua, which borrows its Denomination from the fore-mention'd leaping
Infect
the fwift Stream Juno, whofe Banks are crown'd with handfom Houfcs
and jaquin, which hath many Salt-pans.
j

Yaquimo

Yaaui,

The

^n

a M E "KI C

318

The

Rivers

one, others

But the
lie
Defcripti(?n

AcS^oi
st,

Domingo

Itabo, Ocoa, Cepi, Bia, Qa%ui, Sanate de

chiefeft

River

by the Shore

T^

Cit y

Columbus,

Chap. XIII.

Plata,

and

Chiabon,

have fome

more Sugar-Mills upon chem.

clofe
is

A.

^e

O^ama, broad, and fo deep, that the biggeft Veflel

and alio wafhesSr. Domingo,

may

is

Metro Pli s of a U

and was peopled

tn e

Ifles

Mno

round about, was bulk by Bartholomew

which it fiourifli'd eight years, when

1404. after
a terrible Storm blowing the fame down to the Ground, Nicholas Olanda remov'd
it to the Weftern Shore of Qsyma, that the Spaniards, who had for the moft
part fetled towards the Weft, might not be neceflitated to Ferry over
but the firft place
:

much more

ftood

conveniently, being not onely provided of a Fountain of fwecc

Water, butalfo freed of thofeunwholfom Vapours which daily rife with the Sun
at this new-built City.
To prevent the inconvenience of cro/fing to the fore*

mentioned Fountain, of which the Inhabitants found themfelves oftentimes in

great want, Olanda went about to lead the neighboring River Hayna'mto the O^ama
but the Defign not being profecuted, bereav'd Domingo of the onely thing which
would have made it able to ftand in competition with any City-Ln the World for

on a Plain, the South fide whereof is wafh'd by the Sea

the River
on the North and Weft are many delightful Fields.
it lies

the Eaft fide,

by

-,

The

City, which in a

Streets, full

of

fair

manner

Houfes

built fquare,

is

after the

Spanijh

divided into long ftraight

is

manner

in the

middle thereof is a

handfom Church, the Yard whereof is encompafs'd

with a high Wall, which upon occafion would ferve for a place of great Defence.
The Collectors of the King of Spain's Revenue dwell in ftately Palaces and
the Dominicans^ Franrifcans, and Monks De la JMerced, have brave Cloyfters, befides
two more for the Nuns.
fquare Market-place, with a

The Latine

School and Hofpital belonging to the City, are Endow'd with great
yearly Revenues.

The
tion,

Arch.bifliop of Sf. Domingo hath

La Vega, Cuba,

The

Venezuela,

and Torto

Command

over the Bifhoprick of Concep-

Pjco.

City isfurrounded with a Stone Wall, and

with a Caftlc, which

with two Bulwarks reaches to the Rivet 0%ama, and within them two Halffortifi'd

Moons.

On

Tower

the utmoft Shore ftands a round

Before the

new

near the Southern Bulwark.

difcover'd Countreys entie'd

away many People from

St. Doand the Silver Fleet put into Havana, the Inhabitants drove a great Trade in
Hides, Tallow, Sugar, Cafiia, Horfes, and Hogs.

mingo,

Anno

the City by Storm, ftaid

the Spaniard, left

mft*moi.

it

undeftroy'd.

Other chief Towns

SSSslSr

fr om
2.

St.

Landed here with twelve hundred Engltjh.men, took

a whole Moneth in the fame, and upon Compofition with

586. Sir FrancisDrake

in Hifyaniola are

Zeybo.

formerly inhabited by thofe that work'd

3. Cotny,

4. J^ua, or

New

taguana, for

ftern parts

its

a rich

Compojlella, eight

for the Sugar-Mills not far

It

Sahaleon, twenty eight Leagues

diftant

Domingo, towards the Eaft.

Mines the laft efpecially was once

in a manner deferted.

5.

1.

from

it,

Town, and much

Leagues diftant from

in the

frequented, but

St. Domingo,

was burnt by Captain

a fmall

now

famous

and one of the Ports before-mention'd.

brave Harbour alfo call'd Maria del Puerto, in the

of the Ifland

Gold-

Town

more We-

not above a League diftant from the Sea

Chnjiopher Newport.
'

6.

Con-

wmmmmmm

mmmmmmm
Chap. XIII.

M E%^IC

<JL

A.
l

adorn'd with a Cathedral and Cloyfters of Fryers, and

lying twenty or thirty Leagues Northward of St.Domingo It was built by Columbus,
and from thence he had his Title of Duke de la Vega.
Conception de la Vega,

6.

Santiago de

7.

los

CaValleros, a

very pleafant Place, ten Leagues

Northward of

St. 'Domingo.

Puerto de Tlata, or The Silver Haven, four

8.

Leagues diftant from

St. Domingo rehath been counted the fecond Place of Trading and Wealth
in the whole Ifland, being commodioufly feated on an Arm of the Sea,
and forti-

wards the North

It

with a Caftle.

fi'd

Monte Chnfto, one of the Ports alfo above-mention'd

9.

It lies

fourteen Leagues

Weftward of f lata, and extends it felf along the Northern Coaft

the River lagui, on whofe Banks are many Salt*pans.
All thofe Cities are

it is

wafh'cl

by

much

decay 'd, and thinly inhabited, the Spaniards beincr moft

of them drawn by the temptation of new difcover'd Gold and Silver Mines in
other places, and the firft Inhabitants having been miferably deftroy'd.
The
Bi-

{hopDelasCafas, an Eye*witnefs,

Goods of a

relates,

That

ftranded Ship,of which Columbus

the

King

The

Ifland

difpeopled

by

the cruelty of
the Spnnin

ards.

Gauccananllo fecur'd the

was Commander, and

received the Spa*

very courteoufly

niards

but not being able to continue fupplying them with that

quantity of Gold they requir'd, wanting Men to gather fo much out of the Streams
and Mines, and feeing no way to rid himfelf from the Spaniards Oppreflions^ fled
;

to the Province of Ciguayos, the Cafique of which

was

his

Deputy

whereat the Spa*

werefo enrag'd, that they burnt all that they could meet with, neither (baring young nor old
and at length taking GuaccanariUo, put him in Irons, and
thought to have carried him to Madrid
but the Ship in which he went fullering

niards

Their barbarous ufage of

GuaccanttriUo

many others was caft away, being before almoft dead with
Confort, who had been Ravifh'd by a Spanijh Commander. Likewife

Shipwrack, he with
grief for his

and otbtrs.

Anacoana, Sifter to the Caftque, or

Governor of the Province Xarana, and Partner

with him in the Government, feeing three hundred of her Councilors burning in
a great Houfe, Cct on fire by the Spaniards, and her Subje&s torn by Dogs, or cut
in
pieces, hung her felf out ofdefpair. The fame Death died Higuanama,
Queen of
Huguey. Others fay that Anacoana was put to death together with her Brother in a
moft barbarous and cruel manner, by Nicholas de Olanda, who fucceeded Diego de
Arana in the Government of this Ifland.
alive onely to

Manure

the

Ground.

Many Women and

Children were kept

The Men dying of

their hard Labour in the

Gold-Mines, and thofe which endur'd ftoutly the cruel Labour under Ground,
were never fuffer'd to go to their Wives
from whence proceeded a great decreafe
of People, the Spaniards feeming purpofely to defign the deftru&ion of the Natives of Hifpaniola, though they receiv'd great benefit by their Service
for Gold in
j
former times was found between the Cracks and fplit Stones of the Mountains,
;

whofe Veins

the

Mine-workers digg d for not without great and dangerous La-

bour.

The
from

firft

Planters of Hifpaniola are, according to the

common

opinion, deriv'd

and Mountainous Ifle, from whence the moft eminent Inhabitants were driven by certain Rebels, as formerly the
Syrians under the Government
of Dido, were driven from Tyre to Lybia, and the Batavians from
to the Coun*
Matinio, a high

Heffen

trey between %hyne and Wall, at prefent inhabited

Thefe

Matininoenfians thus

Cahonao,

near the River Bababoni

wards turn'd
Prefents

expelrd from their

it

The

firft

by the Gelders and Hollanders.

native Countrey, fetled themfelves on
Houfe they call'd Camoteia, and after,

Temple, to which they iriew'd Reverence, and made great

manner the Tyema^hich ftood on a high Rock belonging to on

into a

In like

mtsm

Firft original

of

the

Peo-

ple of Hifpaniola.

AMERICA.

20

Chap. XIII.

of the Canary Iflands, was by the antient Inhabitants of the Place had in great
veneration, infomuch that many leap'd down from the fame, being
perfwaded by the
Priefts, That the Souls of thofe which threw themfelves off this
facred Breakneck
mould immediately be tranflated into a place of everlalting happinefs.

This

was

as

we

it

fwells with

'

cau fe

ifland.

Ifland

m.many

places

faid bcfore firft call

>

'

H*m

which

fignifies

over.grown with great Woods

nam'd Xufqueia, that is, Unmeafurably gnat, becaufe they fuppos'd
whole World, and that the Sun fhin'd in no other place.
is

The

Natives of

Wdd,

be*-

wondrous high Mountains, and in other places

it was afterwards
by the antient Inhabitants
it

to

be

the

Ifknd > thou g h wholly rude of acquired Knowledge

or LiteoiM***. rature, like the generality of the Americans, yet they
took care to inftrua their Chil,
dren in the Original and Antiquities of their Countrey, and the
Wars and Exploits
of their Predeceffors, both which they contained in Songs call'd
'Areitos, which they
us'd to Sing to the found of Drums and Trumpets
but efpecially their Perfons of
chiefeft Quality ftudy'd moll thefe Arekos, and exercised
themfelves
of BaihaT

this

m^ofZ

S!f

in Dancing.
remarkable of thefe antient Areitos, were fuch as pretended
to prohefie
fthings
to
come,
which
if
of
fad
confequence,
were Sung very mournfully
P
and with many Sighs nor were they always, however infpir'd> without
effea, as
appear'd at lag by woful event for long before the Spaniards
Landed

The moft

on Hijpaniwas foretold by one of them, that MaguacocMos, fignifying Clothed People,

mould
Land on Hifpaniola, who with (harp Weapons Hould cut offHeads and Arms,
and
under whofe infupportable Yoke their Succedors muft fpend their
days without
hope of ever being releas'd.
Icmightbedifputed whether thefe Prediaions were dictated by
good or evil
:

ola, it

Spirits

but

generally believ'd, that all their Oracles, whether

hapning true or
faife, were fuggefted by diabolical Spirits to the Priefts,
who commonly convers'd
with them j and that thefe Spirits knew the Defign of feveral
People to difcover

new
The Images
of their
Zemet.

it is

Countreys.

Their Images Zemes, ftuff'd full of Cotton, were fafliion'd into

very frightful
Shapes, and might pafs for thofe things which we call
Terncula, or fBugbears
of
which fome were made very fmall, and thofe they ty'd on their
Foreheads when
they went to the Wars. Every Governor had a peculiar
Zemes, to whom he fLew'd
Reverence, in return whereof he expeaed Rain, fair Weather,
and to conquer his
Enemies,^ fuppofing him to be a MelTenger of a perpetual
and endlefs Being, by

them

catt'djocauna Guamaonocon

whom

ther, to

they gave five

whom

neverthelefs they fuppos'd to have a

Names, vi^

Attbeir,

Mamona, Guacarapita,

Liella,

Moand

Guimazya.
Opimon

of

Tne

opinion of Man's Creation was thus

They fay, that out from a Mountain in the Province Cuanana, out of certain
fmall and great Caverns therein came
little and great People: The
biggeft Hole, call'd Ca^ibdragua, and the little one,
*

Mtlon
-

nam'd Amaiauna, were

be lock'd up every Night, that none might pafs the

Sentinel Machchael, who out of curiofity leaving
the Mountain Cuata, and going up
into the Countrey, was difcover'd by the Sun,
whofe Beams he not being able Fo
endure, was turn'd into a Rock. The like Mifchance

in the dark

faid to

Night going

hapned to many others who

their Return were changed in-

Morning at
Oaken Trees, onely one of the Fifhermen was fent away by
the chftf Coifl#dS
der faguomana, who moved at the Complaint
of a Nightingale's Sincing, mfci'dall
to Fifli, in the

to

the

Men

Matmmo.
being

let

go into the Hole, and the Women and Children

he Transported to
But to make fliort of thefe non-fenfical Stories, in

to

conclufion, the

out of their Caves, law

many

ftrange Beafis amongft the

Men

Woods, which
being

dAMEl^lCJ.

Chap. XIII.
being turn'd into

Women, were

entertain'd by them,

rous Progeny, which ipread over

321

and brought forth

nume-

all Hiffianiola.

an Account do the Priefts give concerning the Original ofovnin?

giria!
th e
the Sea, Vt%. That] at a, a mighty Man, buried the Body of his deceafed Soil in a f lh |ji
Pumpion, which fome Moneths after, out of meer affection to the Deceafed, he cut>

No lefs ridiculous

Whales fprung out of it. This Wonder being every where

known amongft others, entie'd four Brothers born at one Birth (whofe Mother
died in Childbed) to get the Pumpion into their pofleflion which their Defign
ting open, abundance of

but afterwards Itruck with

prov'd fuccefsful
thither (who oftentimes came to
:

mourn over

a parinick fear

of

Jaia's

coming

chi-

the Bones 6^ his dead Son) they fled}

and threw away the Pumpion, which breaking with the fall, the Sea gufh'd out of
all places thereof, and covered the Plains in fuch a manner, that nothing of them
was feen, onely the tops of the highefl Mountains appear'd at which the four
j

Brothers terribly afrighted, rang'd through barren Defarts, in Which they had died
of Hunger, had they not come to a Baker's Hoiife, which one of them entring,
ask'dfor fa^ahi; but the Baker denying them Bread, fpit on them, which caus'd
a mortal Dropfie, which the Brothers upon confutation found no way to cure,

but by cutting a hole in the Skin with a fliarp Stone, and to let out the Water
but out of each running Wound iprung a Woman, who bare them four Sons and
j

four Daughters.

Cave caird 'Joi?dna-t?eina which is adbrn*d with a thoufand I^a_v

at the Entrance on each fide whereof itina
Pictures, in great efteem amongft them
that on the right iide is call'd BinthaheUes, the other Marohur, to
ftands a Zemes
which they come from all places to pay their Devotions, becaufe (they fay) the
Sun and Moon came out of the faid Cave to lighten the World.
There

is

a certain

Much

after the

fame abfurd

rate

is

their

Opinion of the Deceafed

for they fup-

pofe that th'ey range through Woods and Forrefts in the Night, eat of a Fruit call'd
Guannaha, and fteal to the Embraces of Women in Moon-fhiny Nights. A Traveller, fay they, if he

be frighted

at the

appearance of a deceafed Perfon, great

conveniences will certainly attend him, but

if

he goes ftoutly towards

Their

abftiril

Opinion of
tne

1
.

Dcceakd

in

then the

it,

Goblin vanifhes.

Thefe Delufions are made great Myfteries amongft them, and contained iii
Songs, which their Priefts (Boiti Sing to a kind of Tabor made of a piece of hollow
Wood, pretending that they have familiar Gonverfation with the Zemes concerning future things.

Their Ceremonies about their fick, efpecially if Perfons of Quality, are likeFirft they chew a ftrong kind of Herb,
wife very remarkably odd and conceited
:

call'd Qohobba,

with which having

fufficiently intoxicated their Brains, they

foam

Mouth, and run with a Stone and a piece of FleOl in their Mouths to the
Perfon, whofe Family they drive all out of Doors, except one or two, whofe
the

fence the Patient requires

at

Tick

pre*

then the 2oiti walks four times about the lick Perfon's

Bed, making ftrange Geftures^ pinching his Lips and Nbfe, blowing upon his
Forehead, Throat and Temples, and fucking feveral parts of his Body, alledgidg,
after that he chafes and
that thereby he draws the Diflemper out of the Veins

rubs his Shoulders, Thighs and Legs, and ties his Hands arid Feet together, theii
iunnittsr'to the Door, proclaims, That the Sick in a Abort time fliall be reftor'd to
his

former Health

which

faid,

he returns with his

Arms

ftretch'd out

towards

the fick Perfon, takes the piece of Flelli out of his Mouth, which he gives him
backwards, faying, Toujhall rife and go forth in Healthyfor I haYe taken away your Sicknefs 1

But

if

he judges the Diflemper not curable^ he makes the Siek believe, that Zemes
I

ISSam

is

difpleas'd

their Ceremonies about

their S;fck.

ME

iA

%jl C

Chap. XIII.

J.

with him, becaufehe did not build a Houfe for him, or confecrate a
Garden to him, or in fome refpect or other did not worfhip him as he ought to
have done. When the Soul departs out of the Body, they conjure the Body with
diipleas'd

Ill

many

Adjurations, to reveal whether

died according to God's decree, or through

neglecl: of the Boiti, as not having fan&ifi'd himfelf enough by Faftinowhen he

went

firft

it

to the Sick, or not prefcrib'd fufficient Medicines

fay) the Devil

anfwers them from the

Mouth of

wherefore

if (as

they

the Deceafed, that the Boiti6id

r

not perform his due Office, then the neareft Friends revenge themfelves on the
%m%
but if otherwife, then they are highly efteem'd amongft them. The Women

ta-

king the Stones which the

kept in his Mouth, wrap them up in a fine Cloth

as a holy Relique, fuppofing that they will much facilitate their Child-birth.
Their manner of Con
fulting with
their

Zemes.

The

Boiti

know

defirous to

future Events of

War, or whether the approaching Years will be fruitful, go into a Chappel confecrated to the Zemes, and
muff
the intoxicating Herb Cohobba up their Noftrils
whereupon they break out into
loud Exclamations, and fome kind of ftrange extravagant Ations,till the power
of
Cajlcjues

the Cohobba begins to decay, and the Frenzieceafe

then coming again to their Senfes, they bow their Heads, and lay their Elbows on their Knees, in
which pofture
they fit for a confiderable time, then lifting up their Eyes they yawn as if
they
they came from fleep

then they mutter to themfelves whileft their Retinue

which
ftand about them (for no common Perfon is fuffer'd to be there) thank them
with a
loud Voice, for the pains they have been at in difcourfing with the Zemes
then
;
the Cafiques begin to declare what hath been reveal'd to them,
whether they
.

W^

fhall be fortunate in the

Wars or not

whether

it

will be a fruitful or unfruitful

healthy orfickly Year.

Goilippl'ng.

Moreover,
the

Women

whence

it

at the Birth

of the

Cafique's

Children,the neighboring Governors

vific

and every one gives the Child a peculiar Name, from

happens that one Man hath oftentimes forty Names, and is highly
inin Child-bed,

one of them chances to be forgot in any Writing dire&ed to him.

Their manner of Succeflion in Government is not unremarkable; for
not

cens'd if any
Manner of
Succeffion.

the

Heir.maleofthe Family, but rirjft the King or Cafique's Brother, if he have

any, and after his Deceafe the eldeft of the Sifters Inherits the Realm or
Seigniorie
eldeft

have no Male-iffue, then the Brothers Sons Inherit and in cafe

they
have no Male-heir, then the next of Blood, whether Male or Female
but if the
Prince or Cafiaue dies without Children, Nephews, or other near Relations,
the next
if the Sifters

in

Power

which

when

in the

Countrey

Inherits,

and Marries

as

many Wives

as

he pleafes
;

that he loves beft

of

burn'd alive in her beft Apparel with her Husband

he dies, and near the Corps ftands a Cup of Water and fome
of the Bread
(lie

is

Qazjibi.

There

Languages.

are feveral

Languages

in Hijpaniola,

but differing from each other

the Province (Samoa they have a different,both

Pronunciation and Dialect
in Caizjmu.

In the faid Province of Cai^jmu is a very remarkable

feen, at the Foot of a high Mountain
and

Rock, or

for in

from

that

vaft Stone to be

underneath the faid Stone is a great

Cave, into which they go through a large Paffage, not unlike
a Temple Door ;
near which conjoyn many deep Rivers, with fuch a Noife
and Foam, that they
lofe both their Sight and Hearing, whoever
approach the fame.
f
the
Lan

rf,hSS
g u *ge of the Province <Bainoa, Peter Martyr gives us this Specimen
C
an Language.
Th( Wi fc Q ^
p^,., j n ft Chappel W hich- WaS built by
" the Spaniards at her Return from whence her Husband defiring
to enjoy her,
;

^^ ^^ ^^ ^

fhe refilling, faid, Tt'tfo^,

teitoca, techeta

Cynato guammechina, that

is

to fay,

Tie con*
lL

MIL

tented.

AMERICA.

Chap. XIII.
u
<

tented, 'Be co/itcnied,

God

ii>ouU be highly tncem'd

Gnaibba Cynato machabucha guamechyna, that

Since the Spaniards had

the

by the

Englifl?,

Town

of San Domingo,

pofleflion

by

(laid in

Oliver Qronftoell

mana^'d,

care I

of this Idand,

if

God

be angry,

hath been twice Invaded

it

it

good while, and could

at firft,had

as (hall prefently

if

who

took the

ot

fent;

which time it might

not the Bufinefs been rafhly and indifcreetly
*

at

The

be declared more at large.

firft

Expedition of Sir

Drake hath been already hinted, but for the memorablenefs of that bold
Exploit, we fhall give a particular Account of it from a late Writer, who hath fee

Francis

forth the Life of that brave

end of February fetting

Sail

EngliJJ?

from

Heroe. In the Year of our Lord 1580. about the

by the

St, Chriftophers for Hifpaniola.,

Way they met

with a fmall Frigat bound for San Domingo, and the Men of her being Examined %
one aflur'd them that the Haven of it was a barr'd Haven, and the Shore well
fortifi'd, fo that there

City, whither this

was no convenient Landing within ten

Man undertook to

conduct them.

Englijh

January the

ten Miles from the City, and marching thither under the

firft

Command

Miles of the
they

Landed

of the Lieute-

nant General, arriv'd about one a Clock in the Afternoon when they came near s
about a hundred and fifty Gentlemen well Mounted, prefented themfelves againft
them but the fmall Shot playing upon them, they departed, and thcsEngliJh pro*
5

ceeded towards the

two Gates of the City

that lay

towards the Sea, both which the

had Mann'd, and planted their Ordnance without the Gates, and fame
The Englijh being about twelve hun*
fmall Shot in an Ambufh by the Way-fide
the Lieutenanc.General leading the one half to one
dred Men, divided themfelves
Spaniards

Gate, and Captain Vowel the other half to the other Gate, vowing that with God's
afliftance they would not reft till they met in the Market-place : No fooner had the
Spaniards difcharg'd their

Ordnance, doing fome

little

Execution, but the Lieute-

nant-General hafted, or rather ran upon them, to prevent their Charging again,
and notwithftanding their Ambufli, entred Pell Mell with them into the Gate, not
flaying

till

he came into the Market-place, unto

Thh

Vowel with his Companies.

whom fliortly after

came Captain

Place they ftrengthned with Barricade's, the

City being too large to be guarded by fo fmall and

.Mid-night they in the Caftle, hearing fome of the

w eary
r

an Army.

Englijh bufie

And

aftet

about the Gate,

and others efcaping by Boats. The next

day the Englijh enlarg'd their Quarters, and fortified themfelves, and held the Town
for a Moneths fpace. During this time the General fent a Negro Boy with a Flag
quitted

it,

fome being taken

Prifoners,

of Truce to the Spaniards, who by the Way was met by fome Officers of the Galley
which the Englijhhzd taken, together with the City, who furioufly thruft the poor
Boy through the Body who returning to the General, and having declar'd how
barbaroufly they had us'd him, fell down and died in his Prefence. The General
5

being much mov'd herewith, commanded theProvoft*Martial to take two Fryers,

and to carry them to the fame place with a fufficient Guard, and there to hang

one of the Prifoners to inform the Spaniards why he did

it, and to tell them, that till the Party who had thus murder'd his Mefienger were
deliver'd to him, there fhould no day pafs wherein he would not hang two Prifo-

them

ners,

and withal he

till

all

fent

were cenfum'd.

brought, and an Offer made to

Hereupon the day following the Murthcrer was

deliver him to the General, who yet thought it more

honorable to make them perform the Execution themfelves

i(h

in the fight

of the En*-

which was done accordingly*

Hi

sT^

f^Td^

he had pleas'd, have

the fecond time under Colonel VenabUs,

during his ufurp'd Dominion

have been taken as

as eafily

What

which the Cafyue anfwer'd,

time under the Conduct of Sir Francis Drake,

difpolTefs'd the Spaniards

totally

thither

firft

fir ft

is,

to

P3

During

a M EAl C

3*4*

Chap. XIII.

A.

During their abode here. Commidioners oft pafs'd between the Spaniards and
them about the Ranfom of the City, but not agreeing, the Englijh fpent every
Morning till the heat of the Day in firing and deftroying the Houfes in the outward part of the City, two hundred Mariners being employed therein for divers
days

were the Houfes

yet

could not confume one third part of the

neral

Here

Town

contented to accept of twenty five thoufand Ducats of

was

fpare the

and ftrongly of Stone, that they

all that time
whereupon the Ge-

built fo magnificently

5 s.

d,

apiece to

reft.

met with good

his Soldiers

fure they found

none

Pillage, efpecially

for the Spaniards

by

of rich Apparel, but Trea-

their Cruelties

had fodeftroy'd the Na-

Mines of Gold and Silver, that they were whollygiven over and in that Iiland they were forc'd to ufe Copper Money: yet they
found ftore of Wine, Oyl, Vinegar, Wheat, Woollen and Linnen Cloth, fome
there was but little Plate found, but good
Silks, Ore. which much reliev'd them
tives,

who

work

us'd to

in the

ftore

Vorcelane, or China

of

Dimes

yet
;

fome they found > and very

coftly

Houf-

hoid-ftuff.
VenahUs

Venabks his Expedition was in the Year

his

when

6*54.

Cromwell having gain'd the

LX- fupream Power under the Title of Protector, and having us'd fo many Engines for
""**'
the getting of Money to maintain his Greatnefs and ufurp'd Authority , that
he was almoft brought to his laft Shifts, bethought himfelf of this Project, (or,
as fome fuppofe, had it put into his Head by Cardinal Mazarine, the then great
p

to

Minifter of State in France, with

whom he

had intimate Correfpondence) thinking

two Birds with one Stone for on the one fide, he thought by this
notable Exploit to advance his Fame abroad, and gain Credit and Applaufe with
the People at home, by enlarging his Empire, and fpreading the Renown of the
Englifi Nation, and fo confecjuently to eftablifh. himfelf the more firmly in his new
thereby to

kill

fame time by the great Riches he promised to himfelf

from this Adventure, to recruit his Stock, which all his griping Exactions, efpecially from the King's Party, could fcarce fupply for the keeping up of his Army,
maintaining Intelligence,and other vaft Expences To this end he fets forth a congotten

Power

and

at the

fiderable Fleet with extraordinary fpeed

this Fleet

was defign'd

till

and fecrecy,

they were almoft

it

not being

upon the very

known whither

Place, that the Spaniard

might not be forewarned to provide againftthem^ onely in general terms it was

given out, that the Defign was both advantageous to the Nation, and would prove
fothatitis no great wonder, if within
a great enrichmentto all that went upon it
5

a fhort fpace a good competent

Army was

got together of fuch as having neither

Employments, willingly offer'd themfelves, as Men that went from the

of Iron Grates,to the hopes of Golden Ingots and many of them were fuch as

Eftates nor
fear

having been

in the late

King's

Army, and

home under that Government,were eafily indue'd

nor was

Oliver a little

ingupona

to

glad of this occafion of fending out of the Land,and employ*

defperate Adventure

on any opportunity

Employment at
Lift themfelves in this Armada:

difdaining to take any

offer'd,

thofeMen,who he had

be the

firft

reafon to fufpeft would,up-

Oppofers of his ufurp'd Power. This

Army

being fent to fort/mouth for Embarquation, and there making fuch Preparations

was convenient, which a Moneths time or thereabouts was thought would accomplish, a Meffenger came from Vesborough (who was thereto fet them going) to
the General, that he flhould prepare to Embarque on Cbnftmas-day
which at the
firft the General receiv'd with great impatience, alledging, That it Was not pofiible fo to do, and that he would not fet Sail without his Arms and other NecelTaries,
which were not yet come from London however^ at his going to Vesborough he was
as

prevailed

AMERICA.

Chap. XIII.
prevailed

upon

to fee Sail,

with a promife that the Ships with the

immediately follow him to the Barbados, where he wasto ftay

till

Arms

fliould

their arrival;

on Chriflmas^iy they fet Sail, and about the fourteenth of February arriv'd at Barbados with three thoufand Men, and a Company of Reformado's, which there
fo

were doubled, and then,and not till then, it was told them, That the reafon of their
fo iiidden going away, was becaufe there was a Plot forming in England for redo*
ring the King, and that they were not thought fit to be left there at the Head of
their

Regiments, to be tempted with the advantage of joyning with an'y

At Barbados they

ftaid till

jfuch

Party,

they had almoft undone that Place by eating up their Pro*

feldom preparing more than they have occailon to fpend

their Servants (having better and more profitable Employ*

vifions,the Planters there

in their Houfes,

for

Hands) and the Soldiers not being content wish fuch Proviiions
Servants would be well pleas'd with, fo that they were in danger of ftar*

ments upon
as their

and

their

ving the Ifland and themfelves too

Thereupon

a Council of

the neceility of leaving that Ifland declar'd, and Orders

Hifpaniola,

where they might make fuch Attempt

War was

iflii'd

out to

call'd,

and

fet Sail

for

Condition would allow,

as their

wanting Arms and other Neceflaries when they came within five or fix Leagues
of Hijpaniola the Fleet lay by, and a Council of War was call'd by the Commiffioners (for fuch they had who were never Soldiers) with fome few Officers of the
;

was refolv'd to attempt San Domingo, and an Order made, That in

cafe it betaken, no Soldier fliould offer to Plunder, but that fatisfaction in lieu
thereof fliould be given by the Commiflloners ; the Officers of the Army in vain
oppofing and proteftingagainft it, which occafion'd the Soldiers to fay, That the
Commiilioners fliould take the Town themfelves, for they would not i Lots were
there drawn by the feveral Colonels who fliould firft Land, which fell upon the
Black Regiment, who had no Arms but Half-pikes of eight Foot long, made of
Cabbage-Tree in the Barbados And Orders were then given out to the feveral
Colonels to Land at the River Hind, within two Leagues of San Domingo fo they
fteer'd their Courfe thither, as was thought,by Night, but the next Morning found
themfelves twenty Leagues at lead from the place of Rendezvouz, though one Regiment Landed there, who durft not attempt the Town for want of Orders,though
doubtlefs they might have taken it, had they not ftaid in expectation of the General
and the reft of the Fleet ; but when they were thus caft Leeward of the Town,
they muft Land their Men, who no fooner went on Shore, but the Order againft
Plundering was read, and the Soldiers in a Mutiny to whom it was read, which
made the reft forbear to read it, judging it no time now to difoblige them, who
had in their Officers opinion too juft a caufe of difcontent However this was
made known to the reft, and difcours'd as they march'd, That they had not thought
to be under a Committee here, but they would make them weary of their Employment ere they had done And this indeed was enough, befides the faintnefs
and unufual Heat of the Countrey, to difanimate Men of good Refolutions, efpecially the ordinary Soldiers, whofe hopes of Plunder is the chiefeft prop to their
Courage, and exected Gain the fpurr to their Valour. After they had Landed their
Men, next Morning early they march'd towards San Domingo but before Noon
the Heat and Drought which they felt made them fenfible of their firft Errour and
Inadvertency, in coming from England without their Neceflaries for through want
of Bottles, which were left behind, and came not till three Moneths afterwards,

Army, where

it

the

Men

fell

down

dead in the High-ways, everyone fainting and fanguifhing, and

crying out for Water

no unwelcome

fight,

fliortly after

they met with a Field of Oranges, which

with which they

flor'd themfelves

11

mm^HHgmg

hi\% re

was

they had march'd

.

fowr

3**

METRIC A.

Chap. XIII.

four or five Miles thought they had quench'd their prefent

Third
and their
however, they march'd on, leaving fome of their
Men dead on the place, others fainting, were let upon the Troopers Horfes till
they came that Night to fome Water, which gave them new life, and the Morrow
early march'd again till they came within fome Miles of the appointed
Rendezvouz,where they heard of the other Regiment that Landed at the right place
And
Drought began

to

increaf-e

now

having rcfrefh'd themfelves with Reft, Water, and Provifion, they

march'd
to the taking of the Town
the General himfelf, with a fmall Party and a Guide,
went towards the Town tc find out fome Water, which he knew the Soldiers
would want, (not having Bottles to carry any) but as they were on their March,
.

which was very leifurely by reafon of the Heat, they heard a firing of Mufquets'
then making more fpeed in their March, fuppofingan Engagement, in
the Highway, about a Mile from the Town, was found one of the General's Secretaries
with others,dead

and not long

fome came back to theGeneral,and told .him'

That looking for Water with the Guide, an Ambufcade iflii'd out, and had
kill'd
the Guide that fhould have fliew'd them the place of Water,
and fome others ana
although fome which Commanded the foremoft Regiments were
very forward and

after

willing to aflaulc the

Town,

up, by which time

was -Night

the

Town,

it

yet the Soldiers

the next

Morning

yet

were

was not thought fit fo to do till the Army came

and though they were then within half a Mile of

it
.

fo impatient for

Water, that they could not flay

Town, but were forc'd to march back to the

River Hind about eight Miles (and this Relater did at that time
drink his own
Water) there they ftaid till they had again refrefh'd themfelves, and
then prepar'd
for their Return to attaque the Town
and
notwithftanding the March it felf in a
;
hot Countrey was irkfom enough, yet they were forc'd to
till

to aiTault the
.

make the Soldiers to

draw the Ordnance and other Carriages for want of Harnefs and other
NecefTaries,
which were left behind however, they willingly underwent it by
Turns
And
now a Forlorn was drawn out, and other Orders given for a March, efpecially
it
:

being taken notice

Enemies manner of Fight was and would be by Ambufcades, a File in every Company were order'd to (land
till the other came up,
and to face to the Right and Left to the Woods,which were all
along as they went,'
for fear of a Surprize
and the Forlorn marching near an old Fort, call'd Jeronymo,
5
which we had been poilefs'd of before, but thought not worth the
keeping, and
fearing they might meet with fome fmall oppofition
there, began to fortifie themfelves, and took a Dram of the Bottle,
which as they were drinking, and others
eating a bit, fuddenly rufli'd forth an Ambufh
of about a hundred and twenty
(Blacks, with a Spanijh Commander in
the Head of them, which fo amaz'd and furpnz'd them, that fome few onely Difcharging, the reft
immediately fled the Blacks
of, that the

quickly falling in with their Lances, and doing

fuch Execution as the time would
allow them for prefently the Alarm being taken,
and Supplies marching out for
.

their relief, the

Enemy, who had done more than they could poiTibly exped to
have done, retreated into their Fort, which
they had better fortifi'd than before,
and had planted fome fmall Drakes there
upon it the Execution was fo fhort,
that they had not time either
to ftripor pick a Pocket, left they had paid too dear
for it. After this Defeat a
Council of War was call'd, and there it was agreed the
next Morning early to fall on upon that
little Fort, and fo proceed to the taking of
.

the

Town

but very early, as they were

General to the

(though

Army

to

a confiderable

march back

in that

to the

came from

River Hind, for what reafon

Perfon) never yet

fimc, that Mifcarriage was queftion'd

expectation, Orders

at a

knew

where

after they

this

had

the

Relator

{laid

fome

Council of War, and one of the chief

Officers

'

MBMtfl

MMaiMHMift

'

.^^B

ttfr

--->-'
48a*

<U

Chap. XIV.

M EX^l C

Officers of the Forlorn order'd to have his

his

Head, with other

Army were

Caufes of this Mifcarriage to fend to England

the

up

}i 7

Sword broke over

and two Colonels of the

difrraccful Impofitions,

A.

draw

order'd to

which, becaufe 'twas

thought would too much reflect: on them in Power that were to fupply them, was
by thofe Colonels judg'd inconvenient, and Co 'twas never done. The number of

by Stragling, Sicknefs, and this unhappy Engagement, amounted in the

whole to about two hundred and thirty. In a fliort time after this, it was order'd
to Ship the Men-, which done, after Tome Debates amongft the Commiffioners
what was beft to be done, Provifions nor Utenfils yet coming fit for the Defign in-

Men

loft

which was

tended

to poilefs

(Tiould fteer their

That they

in the Main,

fome confiderable Place

it

was agreed.

Courfe for the Iftznd of Jamaica } which they did accor-

dingly, and on the tenth day of May 1654. with little oppofition poffefs'd it :
where the fome Soldiers have fliew'd not onely fuch Courage and Refolution upon
all

occafions, (in

many and

made by

frequent Encounters and Invafions

the Spani-

with Soldiers of thofe Parts, but fuch as have been fent from Spain,
Naples, Catalonia, and other Places) as might fpeak them Engltjh-men, but fuch hath
been their Patience and Sufferance, as none of this Nation in the memory of Man

ards not onely

whereof their King and Countrey, 'tis hop'd,

will have occafion to remember, to their immortal Honor and Renown.
Hifpaniola is furrounded with feveral other Ifles, as 1. Eaftward appears Saona,
in former times
full of pleafant Woods and Paftures, with Cattel feeding on them
have ever been put

to, the Effects

Qazabi for the City Domingo y but fince the Spaniards murder'd all
the Inhabitants Jnno 1502. it hath never been inhabited. 2. The Rocky Shelf

it

much

produc'd

St. Catalina.

and

3.

7. Beata,

fwifc River,

Abaque.

j.Guanabo. 6,'tortuga, abounding in Hogs,

4. Havana.

famous for the excellent fpeckled

Wood

which grows

there,

and a

which oftentimes detains the Ships there whole Moneths.

C H A

XIV.

Porto Rico, and Monico..

Boriquen, anciently fo

nam'd,

Bounds and

generally forto^jcofiom St.Juan de Torto %icojt$ chief

Town,

* &<

ANother of thofe call'd

but

now more

The Ips of<Barkvento,

is

Leagues diftant from Santa Crux, to the North-Weft,

and about as many from Flifyaniola to the South-Eaft, but from the Continent or
main Land offaria (which feems to be the neareftj a hundred and thirty, or a hundred thirty fix, as fome reckon. It lieth almoft in a quadrangular Form, being
is

an Ifland

fifteen

fuppos'd to contain about thirty Leagues in length, and not lefsthan twenty in
breadth, in eighteen and nineteen Degrees of Northern Latitude.

The

Ifland

Gold, and

is

on

the

North, which

generally water'd with

is

lefs fruitful

many

Quickfilver, and Azure, us'd by Painters.

May and

Augufl.

little

Rivers.

than the South part, produces

There

The Rain

is

alfo Silver ,

Tin, Lead,

generally falls there between

before, or in the beginning of Harveft, the Hurricanes

breaking forth from the Clouds, rage in fuch a manner, that

iris

impoifiblefor any

Ships to endure the Sea, and a Northern Blaft generally cloth great damage to the
Plants here.

Ten Leagues towards "the

'

\l

Soiuh*Eaft' beyond fortO-^icQ; appears Sierra del Lo~ L ^

//fl-

quillo,

'

AMERICA.

r*8

Chap. XIV.

being a continued Ridge of Mountains which runs through the whole

Ifland
from Eaft to Weft, extending both ways to the very Sea~fhore.
quiilo,

Twenty

Rivers.

the chiefeft

upon

its

The

Trees;

this

three Rivers difcharge their

Cairabon,

is

Waters alio into the Ocean amongft which

;
particularly noted for tea Sugar-Mills which are erected

Banks.

Plains^and Valleys,

Hills,

with variety of Trees peculiar to

place, zsTabunuco, which affords a medicinal Gum, good
againft Lamcnefs

and green Wounds:

Another Tree

of great ufe to preferve a Ship's Keel from the Worms!

Maga y is everlafting Wood, and bears a great Flower like a,
&

it is

call'd

'are invefted

alfo

Rofe.

The Leaves of the HigtUofinudo-Httt cures all manner

The fame power is alfo in the little Tree Santta Maria
.

by

ther,

ohs Apple
Tree,

is

fo thick, that fifteen

Men

holding Hands toge-

cannot encompafs the fame.

The fpeckled Wood, and

pibn-

as likewife in another

the Spaniards call'd *Balfamo.

The Body of the Tree ZoyL

The

of Bruifes.

grow alfo here in great abundance.

Apple-Trees, which grow by Rivers fides, or on the Sea-fhore,
Cajiti Fiftula

Here is likewife
whofe Fruit is rank Poyfon, and who-ever
certainly be

Lame

The

fleeps

under the fhadow of them, will

Fruit eaten generally caufes

Death
;

ftronginhim

that eats of

it,

to

overcome the fame, yet he

is

or if Nature be fo
certain to lofe his

Hair.

As

The

Tree
Qaiaba.

hurtful

the prickly

Herb

which bears white Flowers like Violets.

But this Ifland receives the greateft prejudice by the Tree Guaiaba, becaufe
it
grows in moft places, and over-runs Plains and Hills, fo fpoiling all the Grafs, between which and the fore.mention'd Tree there is fuch an antipathy, that none
will grow near it. The Tree bears a brown Apple full of
Kernels, which are eaten
by Beafts and Fowls, and from which falling on the Ground when ripe, grow up
in new Trees, which makes the Countrey a meer
Wildernefs
The Body of it is
fmooth and of a pale colour, the Leaves hard, and glittering, and grow two and
is

Quibey,

two

"ftTlA

wo

over one another - the Flowers have alfo five Leaves, in the middle of which

ifes

Crown

on a Peacock's Head
Doun, and iomewhat longer than the

(oft

like that

bath a pale red Pulp, full of eatable Kernels

yet

good boyl'd, but when

ripe, of a

The

which

Fruit,

when

European Apple,

before

ripe,

it is

cover'd with a

is

it is

moft delicious and pleafant

cut through,

of a (harp

tafte,

neverthe*

rellifli
;

Leis

much of it

too

caufes a Lask

The Roots, which

are red without,

and white

within, are juicy, fweet, and very long,the Leaves fallowand fowre of tafte*

Amongft the ftrange Beafts theJaVaris, Opajfum, and TatoD? are the moft remarkable. The JaVaris are taken for a fort of wild Hogs, and have fhort Ears and a

The

fome black, and fome fpotted white.

The Opajfum is as big as a Cat, hath a fharp Mouth, the upper Jaw-bone hanging
over the lower, long,ftraight,and broad Ears,and a very long Tail^bald at the end,

Navel on

their Backs, little Tails,

its

in a Circle

preys on Fowls.

on

its

Nature hath

furnifli'd this Beaft

Belly, whereof the in-fide hath a far fofter

young ones

lie

and fuck,

The Males have

Ground.

Tato^, which

each Foot

draws
that

its

is

alfo

lies

The Venifon

when

fecure againft all

taken here

is

liaving a breathing-place in
pafs'd by the

Dogs,

turns.

it is

falls

its

Scales, hath the

Mouth of

Hunted, or goes to
fcaly

Coat of Mail,

Hog, and at The .

fleep in the

Night,

like a Tortoife,

it

and in

manner of danger.

very delicate, but

Back, never

difficult to

be got

for this Beaft

with running, and when encom*

valiantly on thofe that are neareft to it, and often tears
its

tires

in pieces.

The
St.

them by

Head, Legs and Tail under

manner

them

which the Bag opening, they creep out upon the

a Bag, which ferves onely to carry their Young in,

arm'd with fharp

(harp Nails

five

Doun

with a ftrange Bag under its

than the out-fide, in which the

after

for they and the Females carry

The

The <ht

Back black Hair fprinkled with grey Spots, and

fharp Claws climbs up the Trees, where it feeds on Fruit, and fometimes

which winds
with

Bcaft

chief

Towns

in this Ifland, are

Johnde Porto ^ico (fo term'd by

i.

<?orto

P^co

commonly
being the firfl Land
it

Chriftopher Qolumbus , as

felf,

call'd

chief

T * n *
t t

difco-

Year 1493. at tnat timc wnen ne cou ^ n t perfwade his Seamen, wearied out with continual hardfliip, from returning, if they difcover'd not
Land in two days) a fttong and neat Town, built by the Command of Philip the
Second, King of Spain : It was attempted by Sir Francis Drake in the Year 1505,
ver'd by

him

without

fuccefs, but a

2.

in the

few years

St. Germans, in the

after taken

Weft part of the

by the Earl of QumberUnd.

Ifland, three or four

Leagues diftant from

the- Sea.

3.

Jrrecibo y

Weft ward from

Parts, for all the others are full

The

where the moft noted Haven

of Rocks and Sands,
Porto

<I{ico,

antient Inhabitants of this Ifland maintained continual

is

of thofe

Wars with

the

Cannibals (probably the Natives of the Iflands fo calFd) who us'd every year to
come thither thofe that were conquer'd, as well of the one fide as of the other,
were eaten by the Conquerors, fo that in effect, both fides were but a different fore
of Cannibals.
%
:

Landing here, found a great Houfe furrounded with twelve others, but
all of them empty and defolate.
This Ifland (which formerly is faid to have been under the abfolute Power of
Columbus

onefole King) the Spaniards not

Hifpaniola,

much

regarded at

where they found more Gold than on

firft,

Porto

having enough to do with

<l{icQ,

Anno ijio. John Ponce de Leon obtained a Commiffion from the Court of Spain, to
e

chief

Governor of this

Ifland,

and

built Qaparra

which Place was inhabited

twelve

^J ^
13

manu

'A

33

twelve years, notwithstanding

Countrey

M E %^I C
it

A.

Chap. XIV,.

ftood behind a fcraggy Mountain, in a defart

but their thirft after Gold, of which fome Veins

were difcover'd there,made them difpence with all other inconveniences yet at lafl

place

far

up

in the

beginning to be weary of this defolate and barren place of Settlement,they reniovM

to Guanica, water'd by many Rivers, whofe Sands had great quantities of Gold-

Not

duft.

new

flaying long there, they

Plantation Soto Major.

former Valley Guanica, and

went four Leagues

and callM

farther,

their
Laftly, returning again, they fetled themfelves in the
built the fore-mention'd
St. Germans by the Ri-

Town

ver Guaorabo, which makes an inconvenient Haven.

The

Juan de Porto ^ico ftandsEaftward at the beginning of the North Coaft on a fmall
Peninjula, joyn'd to the Ifland by an high Ifthmus call'd Puente de Aguilar. Near the

Sitinti

on, Defcri-

ption

and

Fate of St.

Juan

it Por--

Mouth of the Haven

lies

on a

rifing Hill the Fort

to KJto.

by John

de Texila

and

(who

Mono Emplnado,

built triangular

alfo planted there forty

Guns ) and furrounded with the Sea, which renders it a well fortifi'd place. The Governor Died
Mende^ de Valde^ had in it fifteen hundred Men and eighty Horfes, when the forementioned valiant Duke of Cumberland with a far lefs number fell upon him in
the
Year

'Baptijla jintonelli

^y. and not

onely took the City Porto fyco, but feveral other Fortifications and befides an invaluable mafs of Treafure he carried away eighty Guns. Sometime
i

before this Defeat the Spa?iiards under the

Duke of Camigna, were Invaded by

guefe

Government of Chrifiopher , Son

the Cannibals, and

to the Portu*

were then upon the place utterly deftroy'd, none of them efcaping but the Bifliop and his Servants, who betimes fled away with the Church Ornaments
fo that the Iflanders
from that time were put out of doubt that the Spaniards were mortal, for they fup.
pos'd them immortal when firft they fa w their great Ships, and heard the noife
of

all

that

their
The Cafique
Tagnara's

Experiment.

thundering Cannon.

Hugh

That the Cafique Yaguara threw a Spaniard into the Water

to try whether he would drown or not,and feeing him wholly depriv'd of Life
he
concluded by eonfequence that the reft of them were mortal, and thereupon he fct
upon them when they were feekingfor Gold, and kill'd above a hundred and fifty
1

Linfchot relates,

of them.
Peter Martyr relates farther,

That

though very expert in Arms, yet

Were oftentimes beaten by the Cannibals, who at one time carried above five
thoufand People out of Porto
The /varice
and Cruelty
of the Spa-

P^ico

for their

Nor was their Condition better'd

that could not furnifli

niards.

thefe People,

Winter Provisions.

after the Spaniards

them with Gold, were

certain

conquered the Ifland,for thofe

of Death

Nor were

Cruelties in other places undivulg'd to this People before their Arrival

upon
of the

their

where-

by Peter Ordonne^ de Qtrellos) the Cafique HatVey being inform'd

Approach, took an Oath from his Subjects, That they fliould never

(as is related

Spaniards

difcover where the Gold lay, though they fhould be put to death for it . For (Taid
he) Gold is their God, for tyhich they make fo many curfed Blood-baths where -eVer they come
therefore throTto the Gold into fome Very deep Waters, for Teben the SpaniOi God is
funk, the

Spaniards
Ceremonies
of

the old

JNatives.

iv'ill

lofe their

Courage, and not plague utfo much for

it.

Many

were the Idolatrous Ceremonies of the old Natives of this Place, which:
would be too tedious to relate but amongft the reft, they annually kept a great
Feaft, at which the Cafiques fummon'd all their Subjects to a Temple appointed for
,

that purpofe, where the Priefts had prepaid an Idol ready fet forth in all its Pageantry 5 near which the Clique plac'd himfelf, when upon the beating of a Drum
all the Commonalty came alio into the Temple
the Men painted with divers Co;

lours, having

Arms,

on

their

Heads Plumes of Feathers, about

j-t

Strings of Sea-fhells.

The Married Women had

their

Necks, Le^s, and

*^

a light

Covering about
their

XV.

Chap.
their

Middle, but the Maids went ftark naked,

Songs
little

M E%^1

*A
of the Idol

praife

in

Sticks

down

their

all

C A.

??I

of them Dancing and Singing

which having faluted the Cafique, they thruft

to bring up all they had upon their Stomachs

after

Throats, fo

which done, and fitting down with their Legs under them, they began to Sing
anew, often bowing and (hewing Reverence to the Cafique whileft fome Women
carried Baskets of Bread amongft thofe that Sang, and utter'd certain Prayers, which
were anfwer'd by fome of the Men the Bread being blefs'd by the Priefts, they
.

gave every one a piece, with which they returned

home

very merry and jocund.

hath been a long time left

But the God of this Ifland, whoever he was ,

without Worfhippers for thofe that were left by the Invading Cannibals, were
cruelly maffacred by the Spaniards, infomuch that they have been thereby necefli;

tated to furnifh themfelves with Hfgros to

work

Mines and Sugar*Mills

and thefe alio not able to endure fuch hard Entertainment, ran mod of them away
for when a l^egro did not bring Gold enough home at Night, his Mafter tying him
naked to a Stake or Poll, and beat him with Rods or Switches fo long, till the
Blood ran down his Back, then pour'd boyling Oyl into the Wounds, and then
threw Pepper and Salt into them, and fo let him lie, or elfe put him into a Pit out
of which his Head appear'd onely. But thofe that fled gathering together, fometimes met with the Spa?iiards, and paid them in their own Coin.
in their

Aft ward of

<Porto

%ico,

fruitful Ifland caird

and betwixt

Mom

it

and

Hifpaniola, there lieth a little,

but

The inanjs

and Weft ward of that, another call'd Monico, or ***?*

Marietta
which laft the Englijh, when time was, found fo admirably ftor'd with a
fort of wild Fowl, that the huge Flights of them feem'd to darken the Air
over their
Heads, and upon their Landing found fuch plenty of their Eggs upon the Shore
and Ground thereabouts, that they prefently laded two of their Boats with them.
;

But how peopled or

poffefs'd,

not fo well known.

CHAP.

Omega,

till

Frith, or

XV.

Cuba.
Eft ward, or rather to the

North-Weft of

Hiftaniola, lieth Cuba,

counted one of the four Iflesof Barloyento, znd by Columbus, upon

his
firft Difcovery, call'd Joanna,
afterwards Fernandina, then Jlpha and

at laft the prefent

Name prevails

it

is

***

acjf*

'

K"

parted from the other by a

narrow Channel, which runneth betwixt

the Capes of St. Nicholas, be.

longing to Bfpdniola, and that call'd May
On the North it
K } belonging to Quba
hatha Frie of little Iflands call'd The Leucay* Ijlands, of which more in
their proper
place, fo many and fo thick fcatter'd, that they ferve
for no fmall Security and Defence of the Ifland on that fide
befides, a part of the femnfuk of Florida, which
Coafteth it likewife Northward
on the Weft it hath the Countrey of Jucatan,
which is part of the Continent, but at a diftance of forty or fifty
Leagues and on
t

its

Bound*'

the South, Jamaica.

towards

thirty

teen Leagues over

reckon'd to be in length from

Cape jfc%$ which looks

Anthony, which is upon the Bay of Mexico, two
Leagues; but in breadth in fome places not above fifteen or fixin the broadeft place from Jardmes to Lucanaca, not above forty,

Hifpattiola to

hundred and

It, is

the

Cape of St.

3J*
But for

in others fixty five.

M E^I C

fertility

Chap.

A.

of Soil, contending with Hifpaniola

much

for temperature andhealthinefs of Air,

exceeding

it

nOr

it

lefs rich

XV.

felf

and

formerly

good Mines both of Gold and Silver, and plentifully ftor'd at prefent, not onely
with Sugar-Canes of the beft Growth, but likewife with abundance of GingerRoots, CaJZia-Fiftula, Maftick, Aloes, Cinamon, Long-Pepper of Americans they call
it, and divers other forts of Spices. The Pafturesno lefs abounding with
Cattel of
in

all forts, efpecially

of European Breed

the kivers and Coafts of the Sea with

good
no
Fifli
fcarcity of Fowl, whether wild or tame good Brafs and Iron (till
found
with fome Gold in the Rivers, efpecially thofe which fall into the Bay Xaua on
;

the South fide of the Ifland

and

Cauto
;

the chiefeft thereof are Jrimao, La Luna, De Mares,

the biggeft of them falls Southward into the Sea
all of them breed
5

ftore of Crocodiles,

carrying
Treei.

them

which have oftentimes

into the Water, devour'd

feiz'd

them

both upon

Men

and Beafts

and

there*

The

Cedars breathe forth a moil excellent fweet fmell, and grow fo large, that
out of the fingle Trunks of fome of them Boats are faid to have been made, capable to hold forty, fometimes fixty

Men.

There are alfo many other very odoriferous Trees, yielding a certain Rozen or
Gum, no lefs precious than the Storax.
Budj

But nothing grows here more plentifully than Vines, the Bodies or Stocks of
which are as thick as a Man's Middle, and bear excellent Grapes.
Befides Partridges, Turtle-Dbvesj

and other Fowl,

the Sea.fliore breeds thou-

fands of Cranes, which

Colours

The

Manner of ta>
king Parroti

they ftand

when young> arc white, but when old, become of feverai

commonly with their Legs in fait Water, which they drink.

Parrots which breed here us'd to be taken by the Natives after a ftrange
:
A Boy having a Bundle of Herbs about his Head, climbs up to the top

manner

of a Tree, holding a Parrot over his Head, which by griping he forces to make a
noife, and thereby draws others to come flying about him
upon which, being expert in this Art, he throws a String with a Noofe made fa ft to a Stick
about them,
and pulls them to him.
There are a fort of four-footed Serpents, by the Natives call'd Yguana*, of which
;

they us'd to eat.

The

Flefh of Tortoifes or Turtles,

was accounted a great Dainty amongft therr^

efpecially thofeof the biggeft fizc,of which fome have been known to
weigh a hundred and thirty Pound
The Feet of them are faid to cure the Leprofie and Scabs,
Amongft the peculiar Trees of this Countrey, are the Zagua and the Qaninga.

The

Cotton, which

of the natural Growth of this Place, is exceedingfine.

Here is alfo the Bird Flamingo, and another fort of Bird call'd Bambayas.
In former times Cuba was Govern'd by feverai Lords, each
Commanding over
his
Chief Pro.
vinces f
Cubd.

own
The

is

Province.

of thefe Provinces are May^t, Bayamo, Cueyha, ahtguey,Mdcaca, Xagua,

Habana, and Ubima fome of them are plain, others mountainous,
and being more
5
or

chiefeft

lefs fruitful,

were very populous, before the Spaniards came thither, but fince their
any of the ancient Natives are left
Nor are the Spaniards

cruel MaiTacres, fcarce

here at prefent very populous, confidering the largenefs of

the Ifland.
In the Province of Camaguey is a Valley three Leagues in
bignefs,

where Nature

produces a great number of large Stones.fo exactly round, that

no
Compafs can make a more exact Circle.

Though

Man

with a

the Gold,

which isdigg'd out of the Mines, and found in Rivers, is

none ofthepureft, yet the Copper which this Countrey affords is accounted ex
cellent*

The

'

...

*
\

*s(*^

^'

Chap.
The

XV.

AMERICA,

'

%\%

Serpents here are about the bignefs of a Hare, having Heads like Weezles

they prey on

little

Beads call'd Gnabini^uina^s , and have been accounted delicious

and w hollo m Meat.

Theantient Natives went formerly/ naked. The
'

- x *

when they pleas'd

fake their Wives'

stents,

yet the

Men made

Women

were

it

Cuftom

Wnt

to for-

itoms

oi

c utnc

oblig'd to be faith- Naur*

ftill

fultothem, though from the very firfb day of their Marriage they were taught to
Cuckold them, by a certain wicked Ceremony in ufe amongd them for the
Bridegroom lay not with his Bride the firft Night, but fuffer'd her to be enjoy 'd by
;

one of his Friends of equal Quality with himfelf, whether he were Lord, Mer*
chant, Laboring*man, or what Eftate foever.
h
This Ifland was reduced under the Spanifh Government not without great erTii- J / af7 j
n
thc
for the Natives having had continual Wars with the Cannibals, as
fion of Blood
v ^
r

hath been faid, were not ignorant in the Exercife of Arms.

mander fent againftthem was Valdivia, whom they flew with
his

Ship in pieces.

Little better efcap'd Fogeda,

he himfelf eftaping very miraculoufly

St.

The RtfitSjfaniJh Com-

whole Men were

all cut off,

and

Wounds

in

Domingo.

Within two years after, vi%. Anno 1514. Diego Valafdue^ with better fuccefs fet
forth for Cuba, where the firft thing he did was to build a City, which he call'd
St.Jago, lying near a Southern Bay, full of Fifli, and defended with feveral fmall
.

behind which the Ships in the greateft Storm

Ifles,

fon whereof the

two thoufand

new

City increas'd Co much, that

may Ride
in a

fiiort

very fecure

time

Inhabitants, a brave Church, a Cloyfter, and was

niards call'd Siena de Cobre, or

in

rea*

could fhew

made

a Bifhop's

The Copper

famous Mountains, by the Spd- J^^jJ"

Mountains, from the abundance of that Me-

afforded,

and do yet afford

Three or four Leagues from the City

which the Mines

it

by

JJvSfj!

of St. Domingo.

See, but fubordinate to that

tal

Men,and hew'd

all his

died not long after of his

them

are thofe

but the City was after*

wards almoft left defolate, (divers Houfes in the fame (landing empty) having in it
which made it the eafier to be taken by a hun- j^f^f"
fcarce two hundred Inhabitants
dred and fixty Englifamen, led by Captain Cliff, Anno 1601. who carried from thence **#
a hundred thoufand Pieces of Eight, and a Ships Lading of Hides and Sugar.
*<>*
z. Befides St.Jago, Valafque %buih the Town Baracoa > on theEaftern Shore of Cuba,
wafli'd by the River Mares, which falls into the Ocean between two Mountains on
;

one

fide,

and a

flat

from which grows

2.

He

Point on the other, and

the beft

alfo built the

is

a moft excellent

Harbor

Not

far

Ebony Wood.

Town St,

Salvador,

one of the moft healthful Promontories

(
of all Cuba,nc3.t the River Bayamo, which produces round Stones, us'd there

st.s*h*j*r.

in ftead

of Bullets.

which hardly accefllble Harbor many a Ship

Fort was by a mighty Storm levell'd even with the

4. Helikewife built Trinidad', before

hath been

caft

away

But

this

r ***>

Ground.

Near the Haven before the Town Puerto

which at certain times flows liquid Pitch.
5.

6.
fifty

7.

The Town

call'd Villa Santli Spiritus,

brave Houfes, and

The

chiefeft

is

wafli'd

fix

del Principe is

a Fountain, out of JJJJJJe*'

Leagues from the Ocean, boafts

Villa

SitiSi

Spirit us

by the River Saa%.

City which the Spaniards poffefs in the

Weft-Indies,

and

the pre-

Havatsa.

on the South
fide o Cuba, but was afterwards built on the North, oppofite to Florida: The Harbor before it is large and fafe, for it is able to contain a thoufand Ships, without
the lead endangering of one another, and yet the Entrance fo narrow, between a

fent Seat of their Governor,

is

ChrifioVall de

Havana

Kk

which flood

firft

Promon-

HI

AME%1CA.
Promontory and

a fquare Fore,

loweft part thereof hath

that

Chap.

two Ships cannot

Sail in together

XV.

the fhal-

Fathom Water. On each fide the Mouth of the Harbor is a Fort, the one call'd Meja de Maria, which Hands built
on a Champain
Ground the other call'd Mono, which lies at the Foot of two Hills,
on whofe
tops feveral Guns are planted, which Command the Town
and Haven.
Betwixt thefe two Forts is a Tower cover'd, on the top whereof
is a. round
fix

Lan-

wherein Hands continually a Watch-man,

tern,

who puts forth as many Flags as he

difcovers Ships at Sea, to give notice thereof to the
City, which is a Mile from
thence.
Before Havana bands a third Caftlc, well ftor'd with Guns,
as likewife the
are, in all to the number of two hundred and
forty, and ftrongly Garrifon'd

reft
.

of

which great care was taken by the General Jean de Texeda, and
Baptifta Antomlli an
Architect, fent thither by Philip the Second, King of Spain,
to fecure the Place from
all foreign Aflaults, becaufe the Plate.Fleet,
and other Ships that come out of the
Weft-hdies, have their place of Rendezvouz here, and from
hence fet Sail altoge*
ther for Spain.
fpiry Steeples.
Havana

fe-

reral times

Aflaulted

and taken.

The City ftands along the Haven, and hath two Churches
with
The Houfes are now built after the Spanijh manner.

But Havana was not fo ftrongly fortifi'd in former times,

for Anno 1536.
not refill a mean French Pyrate, who lofing the reft of his

it

could

Fleet was driven hither

by Storm, and conquering Havana, had burnt the fame,
confifting at that time of
woodden Houfes cover'd with Thatch, had not the Spaniards redeemed
them from
the Fire for feven hundred 'Ducats
with which Money the French fet Sail, when
the day following three Ships arriv'd from 2v>
Spain before Havana, and having
unladed their Goods, and preparing themfelves for
Battel, purfu'd the Pyrate
>

whom getting fight of, the Admiral, who Sail'd before, durft not venture
him

alone, but ftaid for the other

two

Ships

to

Engage

from which cowardly Action

the French Pyrate taking Courage,

fell on the Spanijh Admiral, who

without firing
ran his Ship afhore, and deferted the fame
the next Ship thereby difcourag'd, Tacking about, made away from
the Enemy
on which the third alfo followed, infomuch that at laft they
were all three taken by the French
who encouraged with this unexpected
Viclory, fteer'd their Courfca fecond time to Havana
where they got as much more Money from the Inhabitants
as before. After this
the Spaniards built all their Houfes of
Stone,and a Fort at the Mouth of the Harbor
yet neverthelefs the City lay open on the Land
fide, of which the Englijh Fleet'
Cruifing about in thofe Seas, being informed,
Landed not far from Havana,znd enter'd the City before Day-break
: the Spaniards thus fuddenly
furpriz'd,fled into the
Woods, whileft the Englijh plundered and ranfack'd
the City without

Gun

any

But

refiftance.

was notthelaftBlow which Havana received, for duringthe

Wars between
the Emperor Charles the Fifth, and
the French KingHenry the Second, a Ship fet Sail
with ninety Soldiers from Diep to (uha, where
they made themfelves Mafters of
this

and carried great Treafure away with them

Thus enrich'd, they fet in
the Night on Havana, but found
their Expectations fruftratcd, for all the Houfes
were empty, the Spaniards (being fo often Plundered)
having removed all thenGoods to their Countrey Houfes, which lay fcattering
about the Ifland. Whileft
the French were fearching the Houfes,
two Spaniards came under pretence of agreeing with them, but their Defign
was chiefly to take an Account of their Enemies
St. Jago,

Forces.

The

demanded Cix thop&nd Ducats of them

to which the two
Spaniards reply'd, That all their Goods
would not raife fo much then going to
their Party, inform'd them of the
number of the Enemies, and their Demands;
whereupon Confulting, fome judg'd it beft to comply with
a fore'd Necefilty, and
French

if

mrmw

XV-

Chap.

<A

M E^I

C A.

5,35

demanded Sum: but moil of

them were of another opinion, alledging, That the number of the French was not
equivalent to their Demands, and that it would not be for their Credit, to yield
up their Eftates To tamely, without trying their Title by the Sword
This being
judg'd fitteft, they march'd to Engage them with a hundred and fifty Men, which

if

they could not get any thing abated, to pay the

about Midnight

on

fell

on the

French,

and

Gun they were all

The Conquerors

the firing of the

Spaniards to flight.

at the firft

Onfet (lew four of them

but up-

alarm'd, and after a fmall Skirmifh, put the

enrag'dat this treacherous Plot of the Spani-

on Havana, in which at that time was a good quantity of Pitch and

with which the Gates, Windows,Roofs, and Pent-houfes bein^ all bedaub'd
Tar'r
after which the Churches in order
over, were in few hours all in a light Flame
for their firing, werealfo going to be overpaid with the fame combufiible Matter
at which a Spaniard boldly defiYd, that the Temples erected for Gods Service
to which he was anfwer'd, That People who keep not their
might be fpar'd
Promife, nor had any Faith, had no need of Churches to profefs their Faith in.
The French not fatisfi'd with burning, pulPd down the Walls, and utterly demoards, fet fire
;

Ijfh'd the Fort.

The Haven Xagua

fliot

alio

wide, and within, ten Leagues

Ifiands,

The

andalfo the Mountains, which

Moreover,

the Inlet Matanca'u

tain Elande Matancoft

which

rifes

down

rife

Bowe-

thereof being a

Ma vert

Xagutt.

Ships-are fecurely fhelter'd behind three

along the Shore.

notonely eminent, by reafon of the round Moun*

from

ons of Admiral Teter Peter/on Hein,

pany, to Crufeup and

Mouth

not inferior to any, the

is

low Ground

who

but chiefly for the Expediti*

being fent out by the Weft-India

Com-

The Suc^f*

p<hS"

before Havana with one and thirty Sail,

was from
thence by a ftrong Current driven down to Matanca- where he flood from the
Shore, when ten Ships came juft running amidfl: his Fleet, and were all taken but
About Noon they difcover'd nine Ships more, which Sailing along the
one
Shore, got into the Inlet Matanca, where they ran aground whither Hem following, came up to them the next Morning by Break*of day, and after a fmall Refi*
ftance took them, being valu'd tobe worth above a hundred and fifteen Tun of
Gold, befides the Musk, Ambergrecce, and Bezyar with which two other Ships
were laden, and another rich Prize.
This large Ifland Cuba (as we have before obferv'd) formerly divided into fo
y

many populous

Territories,

is

now

in a

manner

defolate

for according to the

Spaniards Relation to the

Admiral Henry Jacob/on Lucifer, when he was before Havana, Cuba had upon it not above fixty thoufand Perfons in all, in Anno 1617. But
whomever Reads that which Bifliop Bartholomeo de lasCafas hath written in his Book,
(Printed firft in Sivill in the Spanish Tongue, and afterwards, with the King of
Spain's leave, in

many

French at Antwerp)

other Indian

will eafily find the reafon,

Coun treys lie fo defolate

;

the Spaniards ufage, appears

a Qafique call'd Hathuey,

by

this

how

and

why

Cuba and

fenfible the Indians

were of

following Story, related by. the faid Bifliop^ of

who before the Spaniards approached

his

Countrey, Anno

1511,

from Hfpaniola to Cuba ; where afterwards he was taken by the Spaniards, and
condemned to be burnt alive with green Wood
whilefthe was tying to a Stake,

fled

a Francifcan

Monk

Preach'd to him the Myfteries of the Chriftian Religion, of which

he had never heard ; and likewife that he mould afcend up to Heaven if he dy'd in
that Belief; but if not, burn perpetually in Hell
Whereupon Hathuey asking the
:

Francifcan, If there

fwer'd, I

were any

will rather conVerfe

Spaniards in

amongH

Heaven

and being told there were, an-

the Devils in Hell, than amongftthe

Cruelty isfuch t that none can be more miferahk than where

Spaniards

Kkj

Spaniards, whoje

are,

Before

M E %I C

*A

y>,6

XV.

Chap.

A.

add fome
Paflaaes of a Letter from Major Smithy Governor of the Iile of Providence, who was
taken there in the Year 1665. which will give light to the knowledge of the prefent State, not onely of Cuba, but of fome other parts of America, belonging to the
Spaniards

tetfTon" C~^ttbd
anrt ctner
USHTwii?

Farts.

^^

which

is

Dcfcription of Cuba,

we conclude the

Before

a very

Countrey,

as followeth

is

good
as

Ifland,

have feen

it

will be material to

and in

is

it

generally the beft Land, for fo large a

although

in America,

have travelled the main Conti-

nent in feveral places, and have crofs'd from the North Sea to the South Sea, as

North

alio the

fide

of Hifpaniola, and moft parts of Jamaica.

This great Ifland

eafie to

is

be conquered, and would

would be

make

the

bed Plantation,

and the great advantage to our

for inftance, Had we the Port and City of Havana, which might in all
Nation
probability be reduc'd with two Regiments of good Soldiers from Jamaica, carrybefides the prejudice

it

to the Spaniard,

ing with them

two or three Sloops

Landing Men,

or Shallops for

Arms and

other Neceflaries for an Aflault, prefently after their

out of the

Indies,

which

is

once in two years, towards the

good Landing on
need fear no Ambufcado's
There

the

is

Weft

fide

will be gawl'd by the ftrong Caftle of the Moare

when

that

once taken, you

is

may

with good.

Armado

hath pafs'd

latter part

of the Summer.

open and you

on the Harbor, for there you

of the City, where

but not on the Eaft fide

fitted

it

lies

until the City be fecur'd

eafily reduce that Caftle alfo, there

Armado

but

being no

which will be almoft two years, againft which time you will have Planters enough from other of
our Iflands, to Manure the Land, and affift the Soldiers in defence thereof
This
danger of their retaking

it,

until the next

arrives there,

once

effected,

would

both here and

Fleet,

Vana,

which
it

utterly ruinethe Spaniards, for thefe Reafons

at Jamaica,

it is

would be

difficult to

at all times

Our

Ships lying

ready to gather up their ftragling

keep imbodied without the help of that Port of Ha*

being Impofliblefor their great unruly Ships to turn up to

Windward from

and on the other fide, to

pafs the Gulf of Florida, is for them as impoffible, where they always Rendezvouz,
after
Victual, Water, and provide all things neceffary for their Return into Spain
all which they diligently wait for a convenient Seafon of Winds and Weather (bethe

Bay of Mexico, or

Puerto

without reparation

'Bello,

ing

much

Straight

obferv'd from the Changes of the

Moon) when

for to fay truly, the Spa?iiards are neither very

fit

to pafs that dangerous

for Sea nor Land-Service,

excepting fome Officers and Soldiers bred in Flanders for Land-Service, and a few
Bifcainers for Sea-Affairs.

They

their Riches in thofe Parts, that

are fo fenfible of their Weaknefs, and jealous of

it is

very difficult for any ingenious

Man

to get his

Liberty, being once taken, fearing he might givefuch Intelligence, as to be thereby

the caufe of their mine, witnefs their blindfolding of all Strangers,
their Cities

and Caftles

That within a

fhort time the

for they

Englifh

much

when

they pafs

dread an old Prophecy amongft them,

Utillas freely ir>alk the Streets

of

Havana,

as the

vi%.

Spa-

which indeed had been eafily performed with a third part of the
for I efteem
Englifi) Army fent to Jamaica, and a far geater advantage to the Nation
that Port and Harbor of Havana in the Weft 'Indies, equivalent (againft that Nation)
to Tangier in the Straights of Gibraltar
and if we were at once Maftersof both, it
would without doubt fo ftraiten the Spaniards, as abfolutely to admit us a free
Trade into their Ports of America, where they impart our Commodities, and fell
niards now do

more than they firft coft in Spain, by reafon of the great plenty
of Silver
which Trade would not onely be of infinite advantage to us, but alfo
prevent them of their future enflaving of our Nation in Chains as now they do,them

for ten times

:

for

?37
Oil-

iof

up
?ths
ello

uld
for
f<3

and

and
alfb

fupa

iave
sr

it

they

bole
Flo*

o ra*

with

And
>rs

of

keep

^at

of

amaica
[either
d

very

ducetli

America.'
4

about

Degrees
Ired

and

ty five
hj

four*"

rom

the

Bay oEDarien, North ancToy nan, a nuriuleuTanu icvciuyT num rnc oay or Mexico,
a hundred and fifty. It is of Form fortieth '.ng nearly refembling oval, being in
length from Eaftto Weft,about

fifty

four Leagues, or a hundred and feventy Miles

Kk

front

^^am_
Eitent of

$**&.

{etcd of
pyl'd up
..

STY

Moneths

iC*

zrto Betto i

would

is

alue for

being fo
ilij-h,

and

FifLing

wild and
hath alfd
that fups

they have
/hether

**\/

it

hch, they

on of that
leir

whole

les

in

~Elo*

but do ra

bugh with
xico.

And

harbors of
iniards

keep

nd that of

rom Jamaica,
Neither

'a.

and very

s,
fit

I:

producetfi
of.

$**?&$&
of America,' Extent
of

Cuba about 3*-

teen Degrees
,

hundred and

d thirty

five

Norths fourfty

Bay

oiDarien,

Nortn auu uy

a hundred and

fifty.

It is

i^art,

imuui&u4uu itnuu

irom

from

the

cne i5ay of Mexico,

of Form fometrr.ng nearly refembling oval, being in

length from Eaftto Weft,about

fifty

four Leagues, or a hundred and fevetuy Miles

Kjk

front

\i*
i

Pad
take
fent

Spa*

Maj, Smsttfs
Letter concerning Cuh.%
anri

other

Farts,

nent
alfo

I
belie

Nati

prob
ing

Arm
out o

Ther
need
will

when
dange

mofl
our

\[

oncee
both

Fleet,
"Vana y

i.i

the Ba)

pafs

thi

Visual
all

whi

ing mu[
Straight

excepti
%'ifcainei

their

Ri

Liberty
the cauf
their

Ci

That

-\Vitl

m
Englifr A
niards

that Por
to Tangic

would w
Trade in
them for

Ul

111V

^ H. V )JH

which Trade would not onely be of infinite advantage to us, but

prevent them of their future enllaving of our Nation in Chains as now they
of Silver

alfo
do,-

for

II

Chap. XVI.
employ 'd about

for being
fider'd,

than

if

MER

I C J,

ft7

their Fortifications, they are

worfe

lis'd, all

things coil-

they were taken by the Turks.

have ieen other parts of the Weft*Indies, where the Spaniards might be fleec'd or
considerable c|uantities of Riches, as at (Panama, where their Silver Bars lie p.yl'd up
I

in

Heaps

open

in the

Day and Night without Guard for five or fix Moneths

which when arriv'd in Tuerto Bello
arrival of the Armado

Streets

together, waiting the

they Tranfport

thither

it

<

with fo ilendera Guard, for fo great a Treafure,

as

would

be an eafie Prey to a thoufand refolv'd Men (although of extraordinary value for

fo fmall a Charge ; ) but here is no reding, nor long remaining, they being fo

numerous

(as in all

cafiiy gotten

other places of the main Land) though of great Wealth, and

with a Catch and away

Ifland of Cuba hath adjacent to

This

But to
it

my

purpofe,

great Conveniences of Salt and Fifhing

j"

are very great plenty of Horfes, Neat, Sheep,

and Hogs, both wild and

It hath alfo
tame, of a far larger and better breed than any other parts of .America
many very rich Mines of Copper already open, and is the onely Place that Tup*

and

in

it

with Metal for the

plies all the Weft-Indies

in all their Ports

and

Caftles,

infinite

number of Ordnance they have

both in the North and South Seas

but whether

it

but if there were any fuch, they

Lath any Mines of Silver or Gold, I know not
would not adventure their opening and difcovery, fearing the Invafion of that
;

Ifland,

whereunto

Intereft in America
rida, that are

is
:

by Sea, and of fo great import to .their whole

for which reafon alfo they refufe to work any Mines in Flo*
fo eafie accefs

nigh the North Sea, (although they have there very many) but do ra

employ themfelves about others farther up in the Countrey, although with

greater Labor and Coft, for conveyance of the Product by Land tor Mexico. And
laftly, (for its full praife) this Ifland hath many very good Ports and Harbors of

tKer

great advantage to Ships, for fafe paffing the Gulf; and (liould the Spaniards keep

between the Weftern end of Cuba and that of

were impoffible for any Ships of ours that came from Jamaica

three or four Frigats always plying

Havana, off and on,

to efcape

them

it

would be

the Scales turn'd

their Cafe to all America.

Neither

which have Water-mills and Hor(erriills, and very

many large Cocoa Walks, the moft and bed Tobacco and in ffiort, it producetli
all other Commodities, that any o^out American Iflands have knowledge of.

wants

it

great Sugar-works,

GHAP.

XVI.

J amaica

THe

ca
North from the Southern Continent df A
*
in the Sea call'd Mare del TS{ort
and South from the Ifle of Cuba about
twelve Leagues
and Weft from Hifpaniola twenty, in eighteen Degrees
of Northern Latitude and beareth from $(io de Hacha North*Weft, a hundred and
fifty Leagues
from Santa Martha North North*Weft, a hundred and thirty five j
from %io Grande North=Weft, a hundred and thirty from Cartbagena North, fourteen 5 from Torto Bella North-Eaft and by North, a hundred and ninety from the
Bay otDarien, North and by Eaft, a hundred and feventy from the Bay of Mexico 3

Ifland of Jamaica lieth

a hundred and

fifty.

It is

of Form fometh'ng nearly refembling oval, being in

length from Eaft to Weft,about

fifty

four Leagues, or a hundred and feventy Miles

KJk

front

Situation

E^teot of

Pm*

MER

358

I C A.

Chap. XVI.

and middlemoft part, about three and twenty

Leagues, otfeventy Miles over, and fo groweth narrower and narrower towards
in circumference abouc one hundred and fifty Leagues, or four
each Extream

from North to South

in the broadeft

hundred and
Nature of
the Country

fifty Englijb

This Ifland

is

well watered with Springs and Rivers, and

Weftern parts,

in the

Miles.

full

of high Hills and Mountains

North and South parts chiefly

wanting every where Savanat, or
of

Fields

Indian

Hogs, and
Ure

o?t h e

A?r

Mai^,

over, efpecially

Wooded
abound with tall and large Woods
Nor are

for the

there

is all

It

is

alfo well

which are thought

Paftures,

to have been

the Spaniards arriving here, brought in Horfes,

till

Cows,

Jjinego's to feed,

more tolerable, than in

any of the reft of the BarloVenti, by reafon of the cool Breezes which conftantly blow
from the Eaft, and the frequency of Showers of Rain, and refrefhing Dews which

The

Air in this Place

fall in the

This

is

more temperate, and

the Heat

Night.

is

alfo the onely Ifland

Storms and Hurricanes

of the BarloVenti, which

is

not fubject to violent

and the Difeafes which are predominant here, are onely

bred by Intemperance, as Surfets, Feavers, and Agues, or occafion'd by

Diet or

ill

Slothfulnefs.
commodities

7' ne

Commodities of

this Ifland are

very

many

of the Ifland.

Sugars are fo good, that they

Cocoa,

now

and

firft

for-

out-fell thofe

of which there are many large Walks

of^Barbados

s.

than the Planters can

Indigo

is

ploy'd about

make

per Cent.

and greater plenty by improve-

ment may eafily be produe'd.

Tobacco, fo good, that the Merchants give Six pence a Pound
fafter

Vegetables, the

for

it,

and buy

it

it.

producible in great abundance, if there were Hands fufficient cmit.

The Cotton of this Place

is

accounted very firm and fubftantial, and preferr'd

before any that grows in the neighboring Iflands.

Of

Tortoife-iliell there

Tortoife

is

Here are

alfo

is

good

by reafon

ftore,

that

much of

that fort of

taken on this Coaft.

alf great variety

of Dye-woods,

asBrajiletto, Fuflypick,

Red-wood r a

kind of Log-wood, and feveral others, befides divers of thofe that are accounted
the moil: curious and rich forts of
Granadilla,

Woods,

as

Cedar, Mohogeney, Lignum-Vita, Ebony,

and others, which are frequently Exported.

Moreover, there are very probable teftimonies, that there are Mines of Copper
here, fince

both there have been thofe

who

affirm to have fecn the

out of one of them, and the Spaniards report the Bells that hang
to have been Caft out of this Ifland

Copper.

As

Oar wrought

in the great

Church,

for Silver, the Englijb are faid to

have been fhew'd a Silver*Mine behind the Mountains, Weft of Cag"toay,

Ambergreece the Spaniards report to have been often found on this Coaft.
Salt might be made here in great abundance, there being three good Salt-pans

and Saltpetre hath been found in many Parts.

Ginger is reported to grow better here than

in

moft of the

Carihbee Iflands

and

Cod-pepper very plentifully and alfo a certain kind of Spice call'd (piemete, being
in the form of Eajl-India Pepper, of a very aromatical and curious tafte, partaking
as it were of divers fpecies together : it grows wild in the Mountains, and is very

highly valu'd amongft the Spaniards.

Of Drugs and

medicinal Plants there

is

here a very great abundance, as Guam*

cum, Qnna-Koot,Caftia;FiJ}ula, Veu'dlard, Achiotes, Tamarinds, ContrayerVa, Ciperas, Adi-

antum Nigrum, Aloes, Qucumis Agreftis

both Drugs, Balfoms and Gums.

Sumach, Acacia, Mijjelto, with feveral others,

CocbineU

AMERICA.

Chap. XVI.

isproduc'd by a Plant that grows in

Cocbinele

without much care and curiofity, and the

this

pj9

Countrey, but

not made

it is

yet well experienced in

Englijk are not

Husbanding thereof, befides that the Growth of the Plant is much obftru&ed
by Eafterly Winds.
There is here greater ftorc of Cattel than in any of the reft of the Englifb Planrations in America, as Horfes, which by reafon of the great number of them, are

the

B.-afe.

bought very cheap.

Cow's, of a large fize, and of which vaft numbers are yearlykill'd.
Aftnegos and Mules, both wild and tame, being a very ferviceable fort of Cattel

in thofe Countreys.

Sheep, large and

worth

tall,

and whofe

Flefli is

counted exceeding good, but the Fleece

little.

Goats

in great

abundance, being

a fort

of Cattel very peculiar to that Countrey*

But of all other Cattel, Hogs are here in the greateft plenty, both wild in the
Mountains, and tame in the Plantations } and they are more in requeft for Food
than any of the reft, their Flefh being counted both of a better rellifh, and more eafily digeftible

The

Fifti

than the Hogs-flefh of our Parts.

that

very plentifully caught in thefe Coafts

is

is

of infinite variety, and

from what we have in this part of the World, the principal

the Tortoife, which is taken in great abundance both on thefe Coafts,

quite of another, kind

whereof
and

is

in the Iilands QamaVas,

The tame Fowl

wild Fowl

in this Place, are chiefly

infinite ftore, as otGuinee

Hens,

Hens, Turkies, and Ducks

Flamingo's,

but of Birds

Teal, Ducks, Wigeon, Gttk,

Pigeons, Snipes, Plovers, Parrots, Turtles, Parachites, Machaw's, with divers

others.

Choice and excellent

forts

ManneSy Maumees, Supatas,

of Fruits are herein great abundance,

Suppotillias, ^vocatas,

Cajkuds,

as Coc^o-Nuts,

Fruit-Trees

Prickle*Apples, Prickle*

Pian.

Pears, SowerSops, G//W-Apples, and many others.

For Timber-Trees, flatanes and Pines.

And for Garden-Herbs, Radifh, Lettice, Parfley, Cucumbers, Melons,

The antient Inhabitants us'd two forts of Bread, the one made of

&>c*

ftamp'd

Roots, and the other of Corn, which is Reap'd thrice every year, and grows with
fuch fuccefs, that one Pint fow'n yields two hundred.
They had a ftrange way to make their Ca^ari Cakes of the Pvoot Juca, which
keep good a year

They

firft

prefs'd out the Juice

drunk raw, occafions fudden Death

but boyl'd,

Potato's are here in great abundance, and

is

grow

with great Weights, which

if

pallatable and good.

like

Artichokes in a moift Soil,

and fhoot forth Leaves of a dark-green Colour, like Spillage they fpread upon
the Earth by Stalks, and bear a Flower like a Bell, at the end of which grows the
Seed: the Roots are generally White, but fometimes Red, Marblecolour'd, Yel;

low, and Violet

they are not onely pleafing to thePallat, but accounted very

wholfom when ftew'd in

But much daintier are
rounded with

a clofe cover'd Pot, with a little Water.

the Ananas, which

fixteen large fharp Leaves,

grow on

a Stalk of a Foot long, fur*

between which grows a Fruit

like a Pine*

Apple, but much bigger, with an uneven Rind, of a pale Green, and inclining to a
Carnation on a yellow Ground on the top fhoots out a red Bunch of Leaves and
5

Flowers
that

it

the innermoft Pulp melts on the

exceeds all other Dainties

Tongue, and

is

of fo delicious a

tafte,

the Seed produces Fruit once.

Of this Fruit there are feveral forts, the chief whereof is accounted
medy againft a bad Stomach, Gravel, Poyfon,and Melancholy.

a fpecial Re-

~'ie

?4o

The Drink made

A

fort

of

knfitive
Plant.

of Ananas

M E %^I C
no way

is

Chap. XVI.

A.

inferior to Mahafia

Wine.

Here you may obferve a remarkable Secret of Nature in a certain evergreen

Plant, which grows either on the Bodies of old Trees, on the Rocks, or in the
Woods the Stalk whereof furrounded with Leaves, full of dark red Spots, bears a
;

fweet-fmelling Violet-colour'd Flower, the Leaves whereof as foon as touch'd

clofe up together and die, and according as they are held in the Hand a fhorter
or
longer time, this ftrange alteration continues.
Since the Spaniards planted Ginger on Jamaica,

Cringcr.

dance

the

Male Plant

(for

it

grown

there in great

abun-

divided into Male and Female) hath generally

is

bigger Leaves than the Female

hath

it

the Stalks,

which

without Knots, have more

are

Leaves upwards than downwards, and fpreads along the Earth, ftill take Root
anew ; when the Leaves wither, then the Ginger is commonly ripe, but it hath
not thatpoinancy whileft green as when dry'd.

The Cotton of this

Cotton.

Ifland (of

which

the Clothes

and

Hammocks that

are

made

are vended in moil parts of the Weftern

World) grows on a Tree of equal heighth

with a Peach-Tree,with a ftraight Stem or Body, out of which fhoot Boughs of
an
equal length, and at equal diftance
between the Leaves, which are narrow and
long, grow red Flowers, and from them, oval Cods, which when ripe,
inclofe the
Cotton, and a Seed like Pepper.
;

Defcription

of the

Alii-

gaitr.

Of

hurtful Creatures here, befides the Mancbonele, and a fort of

Snakes call'd
Guaanas, wherein 'tis thought there is little or nothing of a poyfonous
quality .
the moftobfervable

is

a very voracious Creature, but

it is

many Rivers and Ponds abound

feldom known to prey upon a Man it moves

the Alligator, with which

is

fwiftly and ftrongly forward, but turns flow

the biggeft of

them

are about

twenty
;
Foot long, their Backs fcaly and impenetrable, Co that they are hardly kill'd
but in
the Belly or Eye
they have four Feet or Fins, with which they go or fwim
indifferently
are obferv'd to make no kind of noife
their ufual courfe for getting
their Prey, is to lie on their Backs as dead, then with a fudden
onfet to furprizc
what-ever Fowl or Beaft comes fearlefly near them
the beft caution other Creatures have of them is from the ftrong fmell that flows from their
Bodies
to requite the harm done by them, they have fomething of vertue, for the
Fat or Oyl of
their Bodies hath been experience to be an admirable Ointment for
all kinds of
Pains and Aches
they Lay Eggs no bigger than a Turkies by the Water fide,
ftill
;

covering them with Sand, which heated by the Sun-beams, hatcheth

the young
ones, who naturally creep into the Water.
Mufcklli and

In

Mttrjwngs.

chilli

fome

parts of the

Countrey there are alfoa

and Merrywings, but the

Hugh

Linfcbot writes,

Englijb

Quarters are

fort

of flinging

little infefted

Flies, call'd

Muf.

by them.

That

the antient Natives of this Place were a fubtile and

fliarp-wkted People, skilful in Handicrafts, and expert in warlike
Affairs, above
all the .Americans befides.
firftDifco.
very of the
Ifland.

The
firft

Ifland

was difcover'd by the

built there the

Town ofMellilla

Spa?iiards
.

which

under the

Condud

difliking, he

of Columbus,

remov'd again to

who

Oriftaha

and finding that an incommodious and unhealthy Situation, he remov'd

again to
another Plantation, where he built a very fair Town, firft call'd
SeYdla, afterwards
Si. Jago'de la Vega, confifting

of about feventeen hundred Honfes, two Churches,two

Chappels, and an Abbey, being the chief, if not theonely Seat of the
Spaniards before the arrival of the Englijh, for their Eftancbas, or fmall
Plantations, were committed wholly to the cuftody of their Slaves.
Diego, the

the

firft

that

Son of Cbriftopber Colonus, (or, as he is vulgarly call'd, Columbus) was

was conftituted Governor of this Ifland, and Cent Juan de SquibeSo

Comman*

'

In*..

A
<U

Chap. XVI.

M E%_I C

A.

Commander, who upon

and MalTacres, that

their firft arrival here

(as the

fand Inhabitants were in a

committed fuch horrid Cruelties

fore-mention'd ftartholomeo de
fliort

las

Cafas writes) five

thou-

time redue'd to

lefs than three hundred, multitudes

being put to death in a moft inhumane and barbarous manner, fome roafted alive,

others torn in pieces by the Spanijh Dogs, befides

chery, too dreadful to be read with patience

many other

nor were they

amongft themfelves, which firft began in this Ifland.

The firft and onely Attempters upon this Ifland
felves Mafters thereof,

dud

have been the

Englijh,

who in

ways of Butfrom Civil War

ftudied
free

iince the Spaniards

made them,

the Year 1502. under the

Con*

Landed upon it, & got clear poiTeflion thereof,noneof the

Spaniards that were then upon the Place daring to make the leaft refiftance
but not
thinking it worth the keeping, they foon deferted it, and made Sail back again
for
England
after which they remained unmolefted for a long time, till
in the Year
of Sir Anthony

,\

Attempt* of

%*&
Ifland.

Shirley

1654. a Fleet of Englijh was fetout for BifpanioUhy Cromwell, under the Command
of Colonel ^enables, with a Defign for the taking of St. Domingo but meeting
with
ill fuccefs in the Enterprize, and being fore'd
to quit that Ifland' with lofs of Men,
and fruftration of their hopes, they fteer'd their Courfe for Jamaica, and on
the
tenth of May in the Year abovefaid, with little oppofition poifefs'd
themfelves of it,
Upon their approach to Sh Jago the Inhabitants thereof deferted it, and betook
.

them

to the Mountains, gaining time

by a pretence of Treaty, to fecure their Women and Goods and oftentimes making Incurfions upon the ftragling Parties of
the Englijh, flew and took many Prifoners byfurprize:
but being weary of this
wild and irregular kind of living, they betake themfelves at
laft to the
Cuba,
.

file

of

where many of them, the Grandees efpecially, were permitted by favour to continue, the reft being by the Vice-Roy commanded
back, with promife of fpeedy
and confiderable Supplies by that time this remnant of
the Spaniards was near
,

tir'd

out with hardfliip and neceflity, fome being very

to utter defpondence of

and expected Supply

Mind,

much

difcourag'd and driven

others deftroy'd out-right, part of the long promis'd

arrives, the greateft part being to follow foon

afcer

but

finding

'

M E %1 C

tf

$4*

Chap. XVI.

A.

finding the Inlanders Co few in number, and in ibfickly and necefiitous an Pilate

they would not joyn with them, but maugre

Commands,

North

retreat to the

all

the

Governor's Perfwafions or

part of the Ifland, and there fortifie at a place

which not coming time enough,

and their Quarters being difcover'd, they were fet upon by the English, and mod
not many Moneths after the reft of the
of them either {lain or taken Prifoners
Spanish Forces Land, being in all about thirty Companies, with Ordnance and
expecting every day

call'd Chireras,

Recruits

frcfli

good

ftore

tions

at

English

of Ammunition,-

Novo

Qfyo

Ifland, they Ship off their

Slaves

grown

falling prefently to

feveral other

Women

by the general

Mafterlefs,

ill

and the

make

ftrong

Fortifica-

fhort time utterly defeated

arc neverthelefs in a

Upon which, and

who

SuccelTes,

richeft

by the

defpairing to regain the

of their Goods

and the I^egro

either {laughter or departure of their

Pa-

trons, {hake off their Obedience to the Spaniards,

and conflitutea Governor of their

own

Subjection to the English Govern-

own,

a Blacky yet fubmit themfelves, and

ment, the Spaniards from Quia, both by

butions, in vain endeavoring to reducc.them

out,
lish

whom

to take

Men

left

the reft not onely

made

them, idfomuch that

Mm,

was

it

Perfwafions and monethly

their
5

Contri-

onely fome few there were that flood

their bufinefs to difcover, but help'd the Ewg-

having above

at laft the Spanish General not

forc'd to feek for Peace,

and

offer'd Terms

fifty

of Accommodation

which the English General would not be drawn to accept of, unlefs upon Condition that he mould deliver up to Jufticeasmany as were left of thofe that had
barbaroufly murder'd any of our

Men,

time of Treaty, or

either in

Quarter

after;

given.

The Englifr

above a hundred

in this Ifland are fetled for

Mile's

along the Coun-

from the Eaftward.

Their chief Towns are i. St.Jago, (built by the Spaniards, as afore mention'd)
which lieth fix Miles within the Land , North- Weft from the Harbor of Cagtoay.
Here the English have built a fmall Fort.
2. (Pajfage, a fmall Town, built alfo by the English fix Miles from Sf. J ago, for
the convenience of going to Cagway, confifting of about fifty Houfes and a Fort,
whence crofs this Harbor , about three Leagues diftant is the Town of 3 Cagway,
feated on the Extream end of the Point,containing in it above fix hundred Houfes,
all built by the English, befides the Governor's Palace , and the Houfes where the
trey

Chief Towns,

Stores for the

This

is

Army

are kept.

counted the

Trade, where

all

mod healthful

Place in all the Ifland, and the very Scale of

Merchants, Strangers, and Sailors

refide.

Here, upon the utmoft Angle of the Point towards the Sea,
built of

Lime and Stone

about which is

rais'd a ftrong

is

round Tower,

and regular Fort, contain-

ing fixty pieces of Ordnance.

Port Kojal

This

Town

is

now

and

call'd Port %oyal,

is

thought to contain about fixteen

thoufand Inhabitants.
lunixtari.

A Mile from hence is

another Fort, call'd Landward, which runs from the Har-

bor to the Sea, to defend the

Offthe

Town from

any Attempt by Land.

Mouth of the Harbor towards the

Sea,

lie

divers fmall Ifiands, the

mod

Weftern of which being within half a League of the Fort, and between which
It is
and the Fort every Ship that comes into the Harbor is neceffitated to pafs
call'd Little Ifland
where a Fort is likewife rais'd, to defend the Mouth of the Har:

nun

i/iand.

bor, containing eight pieces of Ordnance.

Another Fortification

is

at Tor tmorant,

which we

(hall

make mention of amoneft

the Harbors.

The

Chap. XVI.
The

chief Harbors of this Ifland, are

11
onelythe

LancUlock a Harbor,
narrow'd by
2.

On the
On

i.

coming

Eaft of the Ifland

Wood

the South

is

capacious, being five

A.

343

fort Anthony , on the North, a very fafe

~

in is

a little Ifland that lies ofFthe

do conveniently
3.

M E %,l C

<iA

rr

iomewhat

difficult, the

Mouth of the

chiefPo >
and Harbors.

Channel being

Port.

Tortmorant, a very capacious

is

and Water, and Ride fafe from

Harbor, where Ships

Winds.

all

Harbor wonderfully convenient, fecure and

Leagues over in fome places, in others four, and at the narTort Cagtoay, a

rowed, three it is Land-lock'd by a Point of Land that runs twelve Miles SouthWeft from the Main of the Ifland, having the great River that comes by Los Anvelos,
and St. Jago running into it, and divers Springs about it, where Ships do conveniently Wood and Water. Here is every where good Anchorage, the Road being Co
j

deep, that a Ship of a thoufand

Tun may lay

Shore of the Point, and

his fides to the

load and unload with Planks afloat.

4.

On

the Weft

is

Toint Megrill, a Port very convenient

ward from which, a little North-Weft,

founded by Columbus, as afore mentioned.

The

is

the Seat of the old

chief Plantations of this Ifland, are

fore mention'd,

and fecure

i.

to

Wind-

of

Mellilla,

Town

above the Harbor beHere are good Plantati*

fortmorant,

and by the two Rivers that run into

it.

ons of Sugars, Cottons, Tobacco's, &c.

Hence about ten Miles lieth Uorant, where a thoufand Acres of Land have
been taken up for my Lord Willoughby, and a Company of Merchants.
3. Hence farther Leeward lieth Yallon?, having good Plantations of Cotton, To2.

bacco, and other Provifions, excellent SaVana's, and fomeftore of tame Cattel.
4.

Thirty Miles hence, on the North

lent Plantations

fide

ofCagvay

is

Ligonce,

of Sugar, Cotton, and Tobacco, very pleafant

where are

Sayana's,

excel-

and fome

of wild Cattel.
5. Twenty Miles farther Weft, nines Miles from the Harbor of Qagway, is Los
Angelos, having fome Plantations of Sugar, Cacao , and Tobacco, all which were old

ftore

Spanish Plantations,

and are

lefs

confiderable than thofe

made by

the English in

other places.
6.

Eight Miles from hence, North-Weft,

Spanish Plantations, fince

improv'dby the

is

Guanaboa, where likewife were

English,

who

have very

many

fome

excellent

Plantations of Sugar, Cacao, Sec.

Hence Weft South- Weft lieth Guatabacoa, a moft pleafant rich and fertile part
of the Countrey, abounding with Cattel, and excellent Sayana's, Here the Neo-ro's
fetled that revolted from the Spaniards, who are endeavouring to make fome Plan7.

of Tobacco's and Provifions, and with them are

have divers Walks of Cacao.

tations

who

The

feveral

followeth

Governors of this

Ifland fince the taking

General Robert
Venabks
^*

of

fetled

it

by

fome few

English,

the Englifb, are as

upon
the Place about three Moneths af*
ter the taking of it, and at his coming away for England he left the chief Command
to Major General (Richard Forte/cue, who liv'd Governor about three Moneths
after which Lieutenant General Edward Doyly was by the Army elected Prefident
but
upon his coming away foon after for England, Lieutenant General William Brain was
fent over Governor in his room who living in the Government about three quar:

ftaid

Svcr^V
ew^

r
i;

Jamaica.

ters

were bequeathe it again to Doyly, for he was chofen by verBlank CommifTion, wherein 'Brain had inferted his Name whom he would

of a year, did

tue of a

as

it

have fucceed, and remain'd

Commander

in

Chief both by Land and Sea

till

His

Majefty's Reftau ration, and then by His Majefty's Letters Patents was confirm'd in
the Government, and fo was the fir ft that was Governor there for His Majefty :

The

?+4

AMERICA.

The next

that fucceeded

was

the

Lord

at prefent.

CHAP.
The
1

Situation and
Description

f the Lucaies

upon whofe coming away Sir Tho*

him Sir Thomas Linch, who remains

Wind/or,

mas Muddiford was fent Governor, and after

Governor

XVIL

Chap.

XVII.

Iflands call'd the Lucaies.

they are term'd,

with the four Iflands of
HAving done
Cuba, forto %ico, and Jamaica, we come next to the
Barlovento, as

Vi%.

Hi-

Lucaies, fo call'd,

fpaniola,

fome think, from Lucaioneque, one of the biggefl of them ; they lie over
againft Florida, Weftward from the 'Bermudas, South*Weft and North of Hisjaniola,
and the reft of the BarloVenti ; and bccaufe they are but fmall ones, and lie fo near
the Continent, Geographers fometimes defcribe them as a part, or appertaining to
the Continent. The chiefeft of thefe Iflands are Lucaioneque ^ore-mention d,Babama,
and Guanabani Lucaioneque is accounted the biggefl of them all, and lieth in twenty
as

Bahama

feven Decrees between 'Bahama and Guanabani.

and gives

Florida,

Name

lies neareft

to the Coaft of

which run between the

to the Straights fo call'd,

Cape of

with fuch a violent Courfe and Torrent, that although it be above

fixteen Miles broad, yet many times neither Wind nor Oars, can prevail againft it ;
that though the Winds beprofperous, Ships cannot enter it,, and if it be crofs, they
Florida

and

it,

go with the Current yet thofe Straights the Spaniff Fleet muft pafs in their Return
from the Havana towards Spain. Guanabani was the firft piece of American Ground
difcover'd by Chriftopher Qolumbus, and therefore by him call'd San Salvador, or St. Sathe Seaviour, becaufe that thereby he was deliver'd from the mutinous rage of
men, who threatned to throw him over-board, if they difcover'd not Land in fuch
are
a time. There are befidesa number of fmall Ifles fcatter'd up and down, which
generally comprehended in the number of the Lucaies ; one is Little Ijland, encom;

pafs'd

with a company of Shelves

there goes a Tradition, that

fame of
in

it

call'd the Bimini, fo that

it is

hardly acceflible

hath been inhabited by very beautiful

the

Land there and take up their Habitation 9

away There is faid to be a Fountain in the

whom drew many to attempt

which Attempt many were

Women,

.\

caft

to

midftofit, of fuch a Vertue, that whofoever drank of the Waters of it, had their
Youth renew'd. Alfo three Iflands, or rather Rocks, call'd Los Martyres, lying to
the South-Eaft of Cape Florida,

and cover'd

for the

moft part with

whitifh Sand

they feem at a diftance to bear a refemblancc

ufuof Men, impal'd, or bound to Stakes, as the Martyrs in the primitive Times
dangerous to
ally were, which occafion'd the Spaniards fo to Name them ; 'tis very

and a few Bufhes growing on them

come too near them, but

to have fight of them

pafling thefe Rocks, and leaving

they are

now

and are

fall'n in

them on

is

Men

at

the South.Eaft, they certainly

entred the Straights of Bahama, that

amongft thofe many

of great ufe to

Iflands,

is,

Sea

for

know,

by

that

that they have left the Ocean,

which do,

as

it

were, Barracado and

as
Block up the Eaftern Coafts of Jmerica, towards ?{pmbre deVios and Terra Firma,
of con*
they call it, through which the Continent is fometimes dangerously reafon
an experienced
trary Winds ; and always fuch, that it requires the skill and care of
Leagues long ;
to coniudT: the Ships well thither. The. reft are Abacoa, twelve

Pilot

twenty four and

luma, twenty Leagues in length, and eight in breadth, between

twenty

"'

Chap. -XVIII.
twenty

five

Degrees

MER

1 C

3|*

fumeata, fifteen Leagues in length, between

twenty three and

twenty four Degrees Jamanafcwen Leagues every way Yabsigue, ten Leagues likethree Degrees; Magaguana, twenty
wife and lying between twenty two and twenty
Quagua, ten Leagues every Way, and lying between
Leagues long, and ten broad
;

twenty and one and twenty Degrees

Leagues

and

in length,

in the

Abrco environ'd alfo with Shelves, and fifteen Leagues long

tao, Cigateo,

On

five

JKackre, in the twentieth Degree, encompafs'd with

one and twentieth Degree

Shelves

Qaycos,
;

alfo Gua*

Guanima,Jabaka,Triangulo, andfeveral others.

thefe Iflands are

no Inhabitants

thole that did live there were a harmlef*

S^SJt

carried away by the Spaniards that ^J;/'**

fimple People, and therefore the eafier taken and
made them fo defolate : Many of them feem of a good Mold, and the Lati-

have

much

promifeth

tilde

fertility.

The

Air

is

good and wholfom, and not

There is fcarce any Beaft on them,

certainly

that heighth.
fo extream hot as other Parts of
but Pigeons and other Birds in
fave a Coney that hath a Tail like a Rat,

great

numbers*

There

is

the

Gum

Benjoin,

df the bell and word

fort

Guaiacum^ Safaparillajand

and on fome of them Red-wood and Ambergreece.

Our Englijh Sea-men are little acquainted with thefe Iflands, though they Sail
round them yearly.
In the time of the Rebellion one Captain Sail and others, obtained a Patent, ma- *****
thcm
king thither on the Coaft of an Ifland, which was call'd Illutheria s his Ship was

Saffafras

wrackt, but the People recover'd the Shore with a few Neceflaries.
The Coaftsofmoftofthem are dangerous, and bad to make, and that Ship that
(hall be near or

amongft them, muft keep

the

Lead always going,- but with

wary

Pilot, and care in giving the Iflands a fair Birth, they are eafily recover'd.
The Spaniards know this Place well, and have a yearly Trade thither for the

aforefaid

Commodities,and amongft the Iflands are Wracks of divers of their Ships,

CHAP.

XVIIL

The Caribby lilands,

^He

Caribbee Iflands, as they are generally called, are a

were, of

lelTer Iflands,

Bowe, from

Row

which extend themfelves almoft

or Ridge, as
in fafhion

the Coaft of faria as far as 6Y. John de Torto

it situational

of a

they are

<%ico
;

otherwife call'd The Caraibes, fometimes The Camercanes, and by fome The Iflands of
more approCannibals, or Man-eaters, (though this Appellation cannot in reality be
priated to thefe Iflands, than to many other, either Iflands/ or Parts of the Conti-

nent of America

laftly,

Southern Jmerica, are

whereas

all the Iflands

by fome comprehended

yet the Caribbees and the

Antilles

perly accounted the fame

are

mod

and they are fo

between

all

Florida

under the

generally, and,

and New

Name

we

Spain ,znd

of The

mo ft

conceive,

call'd, either as lying like a

Antilles

pro-

Bar before

under the Torrid

and are
Zone, between the eleventh and nineteenth Degrees of Northern Latitude,
but before we come to treat of each of them in particutwenty eight in number
the greater Iflands, or Quafi AnUlfles,

i. e.

Oppofites Ifles

they

lie all

lar,

to

we

them

fhall take notice

all in

of the moft obfervable of thofe things which are

general.

common

.The

Ctribbt*
S*T
Ifland

AMERICA.

+ <J
Temp

The

rature

of the

not

jfo

Chap. XVIII.

of a good temperature and healthy, and the Heat

exceflive in them at any time of the year, as might be conjectured from their
Air of all thefe Iflands

is

Situation under the Torrid Zone , by reafon of a gentle Eaft

Wind, which

rifinsr in the

Morning, continues moft commonly till towards the Evening, allaying the fcorchingheatof the Sun, and refrefhing the Air but the Nights are commonly very
cold- and it is obfervable, that by how much the hotter any Day hath been, fo
much the colder the Night following happens to be whereof this reafon is given,
j

That

Vapors rais'd in the Daytime by the Sun, and falling down condens'd
Night, do very much cool the Air j but it is never fo cold as to Freeze.
the

For half a year together

Day and Night

are equal in thefe Parts,

and the

Day fourteen hours long, and the Night ten.

From April to December there commonly fall here great Rains, and all

reft

at

of

the Year the

accounted Winter, and the Drought and Heat of the other Moneths

is

Summer
The

the Soil.

Woods of thefe Parts looking

make

ever green,

as

taken for

is
it

were con-

Summer.

tinual
Nature of

but the

that Seafon

Soil

generally as fertile as in moft places of Europe, and each Ifland fur-

is

nifh'd with fair Rivers, Brooks, Lakes, Springs, Wells, and other Sources of frefli

Water, beiides

in

many

in the cure offeveral Difeafes

is

digg'd,and

if

they were well look'd after

it is

alfo

wanting Mines of Gold and Silver,

and there hath been often found Cryftal upon the

conjer,ur'd that there are tiot

;

Sands by Rivers

^e ^ ine

hLSrl\\y
in tne

earn-

which are us'd with good fuccefs

out of fome Mountains ftore of Brimftone

places Mineral Waters,

fides.

though wild, and naturally growing in the Woods, yet yields a very
Grape ; and thofe which are cultivated in their Gardens or Vineyards,

large fair

bees

>

bear excellent Grapes twice a year, but very

they find
Wheat not
grow

Wheat

apt to
there.

it

little

Wine

is

made of them,

in regard

will keep but very few days.

grows up no

in the Qaribbees

farther than the Blade,

and the reafon

is

judg'd to be, becaufe through the ranknefs of the Soil,and for

Grain fprings up

want of Winter,this
the Root to fupply it

and hath not fubftance enough left in

up to maturity but no doubt but Barley, Rye, and thofe other Grains, to the
ning of which more Heat is requir'd, would thrive there very well.
faft,

ripe-

Lemmon-Trees, Orange-Trees, Citrons, and Pomegranates, and other

Fruit/Trees growing in Europe, there are very many forts of Trees, Herbs, Pulfe,
Befides

and other Plants, of a different kind from thofe amongft

moft part to thefe Iflands.
Fruit- Trees-

Of

Fruit-Trees, the moft obfervable are the Goyavier,

us,

The

Papayer )

which

is

fomewhat refembling
;

the

firft

its

the

Fruit about the

Kernels like a Pomegranate.

little

of two kinds, one generally growing. in

other proper to Santa Crux

for the

Laurel, onely having a fofter Leaf, and of a brighter Green

bignefs of a Pearmain, but full of

and peculiar

hath a Leaf not

much

the

all the Iflands,

unlike that of the Fig-

Tree, and the other bears a Fruit about the bignefs of a Melon, which by the iV~
tuguefe is call'd Mamao from its refemblance of a Womans Breaft
the Tree is hollow and lpungy within, and grows up fometimes to the heighth of twenty Foot.
l

TUeMojiick, call'd by the Iflanders

Corfot,

whence the Seeds were firft brought by

Cucumber not perfectly ripe.

The Junipa,
paba

like the

like thofe

like a bak'd

Name

and by the

of the Walnut-Tree, Flowers

Apple, which

of an Ifland from

the Dutch, and bearing a Fruit like a fmall

or Jenipa, by the Tortuguefe call'd Jenlpapo

having Leaves

and a Fruit

from the

when

Report of a Gun difcharg'd, which

it falls
is

faid

'Brafilians,

like the

Jeni*

Ts^amffus,

from the Treemakes a noife

to proceed from the burfting
forth

v in.

lap. x\

M E %^

<iA

forth of the Seed out of the thin Skin enclofing

the Juice of

Dyes of a Violet-colour, and

it

and breaking with

it,

the

34.7

Swine and.Birds

a violence

upon

that feed

it,

and Fat of the fame colour.

are faid to have their Flefih

A fort

I C J,

of Vine commonly

call'd

The

a^aijin-Tree,

and by the

Caribbeeans, Ouliem

Fruit being like a large Violetcolour'd Grape, hath in ftead of the feveral

whofe

fmali Graitvftones which are inclos'd

Stone, like that of a

iri

the

Husks of

common

Grapes, one hard

Plumb.

bearing for Fruit a kind of Chefnut, in form of a Hares Kidneys

which ferves for a Creft to a very fair Apple that by degrees grows under it, of

The

which

Acajou,

the Iflandersmake a Drink, very

much

amongft them, being of an

in efteem

excellent tafte.

The kacoj

Plumb-Tree, fo much coveted^ and held for a Deli*

live near the Gulf of Hondures, that they are from thence

a kind of fmall

cacy by fome People that

call'd Icacos*

The

Monbain,

which

Fruit being a kind

of yellowifli Plumb,

chiefly

is

made

ufe

of to mix in the Drinks ofOukon and Maby, to make them tafte the better.
The Cow-bury is by fome reckon'd to be but a fpecies of the Monbahi, onely more
full

of Leaves, and growing higher and bigger

ficiently different

The

from

Fruit both in figure and tafte

This Tree

is

been feen to

but the Fruit of the Qourbury

is

fuf-

that of the Monbahi*

Fig-Tree, differing

Indian

is

iri

not

common

Leaf from the

much

Fig-Tree, but whofe

unlike the Fig growing in thefe Parts

commonly of fuch a vail Bulk, that the Branches of fome of them have
afford frielter to two hundred M~n.

kind of Service-Tree, differing from ours, by

its

exceeding heighth,

fair

Leaves, and pleafant Fruit.

The

Thorny Palm, fo call'd from

both Trunk and Leaves by incifion into

Prickly or

Prickles,

made, and

The
its

it is

a whitifh

^aim-Cabbage
it is

marrowy

over with

Branches a fort of Wine

which the

<Brafilians call

fubftance,

by the

is

Jyry.

French call'd Choude falmifie, or

for being boyl'd with the thin Leaves that incircie

it,

and well

fea*

reckon'd amongft the Delicacies of the Qaribbees,

Latanier, another kind

veral forts of Palms

been

its

all

Frdc-Palm, an exceeding high and ftreight Tree, bearing on the top of

Trunk

fon'd,

conjectur'd to be the fame Tree

being arm'd

its

which is alfo reckoned amongfl: the fea Fruit*Tree famous all over America, and hath

oCTalm and
;

this laft

is

Cocoa,

at large defcrib'd elfewhere.

(befides

many

Dying, joyners Work, and Building,

the Acajou before mention'd, of the fingle Trunks whereof are made thofe

There

are alfo

other Trees

fit

for

long Shallops calYdTyrages, which are able to carry

The

fifty

Men)

as

AcomaSj of the fame bulk and heighth with the Acajon, and equally efteem'd

by Joyners and Carpenters, and of the Fruit whereof the Woodquifts grow
certain time of the year.

The Rofe*wood, to
ufe of by Workmen.
Indian

Wood,

and of a very

The

fat at

be rank'd amongft the chiefeft of thofe Trees that are

a very precious

and ufeful Tree for feveral

forts

made

of Materials,

fine fcent.

Iron-Wood, fo call'd

have hitherto been fpoken

from
of,

its

hardnefs, weight and folidity, above

all

that

and beyond either Cyprefs or Cedar for incorrupti-

bility.

growing mod plentifully in ^Brafile.

denominated from its Colour, and much efleem'd

BraJiktWaod, Co call'd as
lello^-Wood,

for

its

ufefulnefs
in

M E %I C

<iA~

?+8

Chap. XVIII.

A.

Dying green Ebony, eafily taking the luftre of the true Ebony, and being very
ufeful for the making of Cabinets and other curious Pieces of Work
It alfo Dyes

in

of a very fair Grais-green.

The ^ncon, by the 'Brafilians
whereof, which grow

in little Bullies

Vermilion Dye, of a very

rich

Here are

alfo

many

Urnex, in the Husks, fucceedingthe Flowers

call'd

foft

atthe end of the Branches,

is

enclosed a moll:

and vifcous Matter.

other Trees, either ufeful in Medicine, or other

vantageous, as the C*/?M-Tree,of the bignefsand figure of a Peach*Tree

Pipes or Cods whereof, containingthe Medicinal Fruit, are well

Name

us by the

of

Caftia-Viflula,

Medicinal Nuts,each

one of which

is

Nut

and to be had

at

the long

known amongft

every Apothecaries.

containing three or four Stones in fo

inclosed within a thin white Pellicle, pleafant

and out of which is extracted an Oyl, us'd by the

ways ad

many

Cells, every

cnouh to the

tafte,

Tortuguefe in feveral both Culina*

and Phyfical occafions.

rie

The Cinamcn-Tree,fo noted

for

its

aromatick Bark

alfo Sandal-Wood, Guaia-

cum, and Saffafras.

Cotton-Tree and Soap-Tree, whofe Ufes the very Names imply, and which
Trees have been touch'd upon elfewhere.

The

which Trees have been antiently the

fculking Holes and Retreats of the Inhabitants from their Enemies
the Bark is
arch'd Indian Fig-Tree, the Bodies of

ufeful for

Tanners.

The Gourd-Ttee, of thebignefs and heighthof a great Apple-Tree,and of which

are mademoftof the Houfhold VefTels andUtenfils, which are in common ufe at
prefent amongft the Inhabitants.

The Mahot-'Txce, of the Bark of which are made Laces and Points^
The Manyoc, or Mandioque, of whofe Root the CajfaVa Bread is made, and which
growing in feveral places of [America, hath been already taken notice of } as likewifc
the 2W??w.Tree, and that call'd H* Apple-Tree of Taradke, otherwife Adam's Fig'Tree,
the Fruit being reported to be of a very delicious tafte.

Other Trees not known in

Europe, are the Mapofu, divers kinds

of Thorny

Wood,

Milky Tree, being of a venomous quality, the Mancemlier, and that whofe Root
beaten to Powder, and thrown into Rivers, intoxicates the Fifti, with feveral
the

others of lefs note.

Innumerable

manner be reckoned up, but the

chiefeft are, That remarkable Plant, anciently known by the Name of (Z^itfttw, and
commended for its Vertues by Galen and Diofcorides.
Coral-Wood, fo call'd from its little Seeds, which being as red as any Coral, are
forts

of Shrubs might here

in like

us'd for Bracelets.

The Jafmiri, bearing a Flower of an admirable fweet fcent.

The Candle Wood, Co call'd from its combuftiblenefs, by reafon of an aromatick

Gum

which

is

The Herbs,

mon

within.

in all parts

Millets,

of Europe, as

Cucumbers, Citruls, Parfnips,

Others,

if

grow

fome of them com*

Cabbages, Onions, Chibols, Melons, all forts of

Flowers, Roots, and Pulfe which

here, are

tsrc.

not peculiar to this Ifland, yet growing chiefly there, and in fome

few parts of America

beiides, as the (^aquettes, fo call'd

from the refemblance

its

Leaves have with a Racket, a thorny-fpreading Bu(h, whofe Fruit being of a Vermilion colour, makes the Urine of thofe that eat of it as red as Blood. Some liken
this

Plant to the Tunas, already defcrib'd, which yields that rich Scarlet

Dye

call'd

Cochinele.

The

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.
The
lerou

Torch , Co call'd

by the European Inhabitants

by

fireight Stalks like

the

Native Iflanders, Akou-

from the middle of

a great Thiflle, or thorny Bufh, putting forth

34?
it

long

Torches, and bearing Fruit like a great Fig, not unpleafing to

the tafte.

The. Lienes, creeping upon the Earth, and fpreading up and

down

like

Ropes,

and bearing brown Husks of a Foot long, wherein are enclosed a Fruit call'd Sea*
Chejlmts, of which are made Boxes to keep Snufh, Tobacco, or the like.
A fore of Sempervivum, which runs twilling upon Rocks, Trunks of old Trees
like Milfeltoe,

fort

and fometimes on the Ground.

of fenfitive Plant,

call'd

by the Inhabitants

or The Living Herb

Haejliel,

of which kind of Plant fomething hath been already touch'd upon, and which being tranlplanted, is kept in feveral Gardens of the Curiofi&s a Rarity.

The Sweet^ujh, whofe

Women

fmall Root dry'd, and redue'd to Powder, helps

inTravail.

The
The

Balifier,

whofe Leaf apply 'd,

Dart-Herb, whofe Root bruis'd and apply'd, draws

empoyfon'd Darts
hair,

mollifies and cools inflammations

away

of Wounds.

the

Venom

befides Scolopendria, a fort of Aloes, feveral kinds of

of

Maiden*

and other medicinal Herbs.

The

Granadilla, or fapion^Flower,

growing

in feveral other parts

of America, and

defcrib'd elfewhere.

There

is

alfo a fort

of Peafe in fome of thefe

Iflands, differing

from

ours,

and

The feafe of Angola, as firft brought from thence. Likewife a fort of Beans
call'd The Seven*years Beans, by reafon the fame Stalk bears feven years one after
call'd

another.

The Herb call'd

The Mush-Herb, from the dusky colour of its Flower, and the

fweet fcent of the Seed, grows alfo in thefe Parts very frequent.

The Tyman,

Name

or American Pepper,

is

the fame with that before defcrib'd under the

of Axi.

Their

fotatoe

wife call'd

Saligots,

of a better

tafte.

The

Root not unlike the Topinambous or Jerufalem* Artichokes, othergrowing plentifully in our Gardens, but more wholfome, and

is

Anana's, or fine- Apple, accounted a

mod

fweet fcent, and very pleafant to behold,

Jflands, but in

moft places of jimerka

delicious Fruit, of an admirable

grow not onely

plentifully in thefe

befides the SugarCanes here,

and

in

many

other places, but not fo generally.

The
from

Plant from which

that

Dying Material call'd Indico, is very different

which grows in Madagafcar, which bears fmall odoriferous Flower?, of a
is

got the

white and purple Colour mix'd together.

Of thefe Trees,

Herbs, and other Plants, which are produe'd

in thefe Caribbee

fome are more peculiarly of the Growth of one Ifland, fome of another lb
that we (hall have occaiion to fpeak more largely of fome of them, when we come
Iflands,

to fpeak of each Ifland in particular.

The four-footed

Beafts found in thefe Iflands, are chiefly the Opaffum, the JaVaris,
the Tatan, thzAgouty, and the Musk*Q{at, which being all of them no lefs known in

other Parts of the

may have alfo

The

World,

have been already taken notice of, and of which

occafion to treat

therefore onely
as partly

New

more

at large in the particular Iflands,

name the other Animals, whether

having been heretofore treated

Birds are, the Fregates,

of America,

Anas,

Canides ,

FatiVes,

of,

we

we

fliall

Birds,Reptiles, Infects, or Fillies,

and partly to be defcrib'd hereafter.

Crap-fo^t, or Grandgawfers, Flammans, Swallows

TarrotSyVarroquito's, Tremblo's, Sparrows of America, Eagles

LI

of

M E XI

*A

35 o

0/ Orinoca, Manftenys, Colibrys, befides

what

are

Chap. XVIII.

A.

common amongft us,

as Herons, CootSj

or Moor-bens, Black-birds, FeldiVars, Tbrujhes, Turtle s, Wood quifis, Pintado's, &c.

The Reptiles are, Jnotis, Zoquets, and Maboujats (of which farther mention will

Reptile

occur in the

Me of St.

Scorpions,

and feveral

Brafdians,

Senembi

The

Iufefts.

The

fores

of Lizards,

and by other

Infects are, befides thefe

ders, Bees,
fifties.

Qmftopher) Globemouches, nam d by the

&c- the

Cucuyos,

Tbe Amber- fijh

common

Caribbeeans }

Ouamayaca

by the

Jaquanas.

Indians,

mentioned in

Fillies are, Sea Parrots,

by the

call'd

Gn^mi^Oulleouma,

with us,

Hiffaniola,

the Dorada, by

fome

as GloT&tTborms , Palmers-worms, Spi-

and the

Flying Tyger.

The SeaSream, by others,

call'd

the Bonite, the Needle-fifk, the Epadon, or Sword-fif?, the MarJoVm, the

Requiem, the femora, the Lamantin, the Becune, the SeaAirchin, the Sea-Woodcock, befides JPitf/tt,

and a certan Fifh

call'd, for its

the Sea*Unicorn, with a particular Defcription of which

ving

from Monfieur d

" This

Dtfcn'ption

of the SeaUnicorn.

it

<

Montel,

Unicorn (faith he)

whence
it

we

bitants

it

it

fome other

Carangue, or

ftuck with half the

Body about

was about eighteen Foot

the bignefs of a Barrel

laftly,

Eye*witnefs thereof.

could not recover the deeper Waters ere

It

and

fhall conclude, as ha-

fuch earneftnefs and impetuofity, that not confidering that

" depth of Water than the other,

C(

who was an

was purfuing a

Tk Sea*DeVd,

hideous fhape,

it

needed a greater

Body dry on

it

with

lefler Fifh,

a Sand=bank,

was deftroy'd by the Inha-

in length, being at the largeft part of

It

had

fix

its

great Fins like the ends of Galley-

Oars, whereof two were plac'd near the Gills^ and the other four on the fides of
" the Belly at equal diftances they were of a Vermilion red colour : All the up;

if

Body was

per part of the

covered with great Scales, about the bignefs of a

u Crown-Piece, which were of a blue colour, intermix'd with feveral Spangles of

" Silver
near the Neck the Scales were clofer, and of a dark colour, feeming as
" it were a Collar the Scales under the Belly were yellow, the Tail forked, the
;

u Head fomewhat

bigger than that of a Horfe, and near the fame figure

It

was

" cover'd with a hard and dark-colour'd Skin and as the Land-Unicorn hath one
u Horn in his Forehead, fo this Se&Unicorn had a very fair one ifluing out of the
" fore*part of his Head, about nine Foot and a half in length it was as flreight

"

grew fmaller and fmaller

" to the very Point, which was fo (harp, that being thruft hard, it would enter in" to Wood or Stone, or fome more folid Subftance 5 it was at the place where it
r<
came out of the Head, about fixteen Inches about, and from thence to two thirds
i(

as could be,

and from the place whence

it

came out

it

was like a Screw, or, to fay better, made waving like a wreath'd
<
Pillar, favethat the Channels grew fmaller and fmaller, till they gently ended in
<
All the lower part had
a Point, which was two Inches beyond the fourth Foot
" over it an Afli-colour'd Skin, which was all over cover'd with a fmall foft Hair,
a fliort as Plufh, and of the colour of a wither'd Leaf, but under that it was as
i
white as Ivory
As to the other part, which feem'd naked, it was naturally po" lifh'd, of a mining Black, mark'd with certain fmall white and yellow Strokes,
" and of fuch folidity, that a fharp File could hardly get a little fmall Powder from
" it
the
It had no Ears (landing up, but two fpacious Gills, as the other Fifties
" Eyes were about the bignefs of a Hens Egg the Ball, which was of a Skye-colour
of the length

it

-,

Enamell'd with Yellow, was encompafs'd with a certain Vermilion, which had
" beyond it another as clear as Cryftal
The Mouth was wide enough, and fur*
"nifh'd with feveral Teeth, whereof thofe before were extreamly (harp, and thofe
11

<c
cc

*'

towards the Throat in both Jaws were broad, and a little knobbed: The
Tongue was of a length and thicknefs proportionable, and cover'd with a rough
Skin of a Vermilion colour.

What was

further remarkable,

is,

that this

Fum
had

iA

Chap. XVIII.

had upon the Head a kind of Crown,

%^ I C

A.

2 51

above the Skin about two Inches,

"and made oval-wife, the Extremities whereof ended in a Point. Above three
" hundred Perfons of that Ifland did eat of the Meat of it, and that plentifully, and
a.
It was interlarded with Fat, and being boyfd it
thought it extreamly delicate

iC

rifing

came up in flakes like frefli Cod, but it had a much more excellent tafte,
a Thofe "who had feen this rare Fifli alive, and had with great Levers broken
<l
the Back of it, affirm'd, That he had made prodigious Attempts to thruft them
l(
with his Horn, which he turn'd with an inexpreffible dexterity and nimblenefs,
11
and that if he had had as much Water under him as would have born him up, he
(i
would have been too hard for them all. When the Entrails were taken out, it
" was found that heliv'd by Prey for there were within him the Scales of feveral

it

" kinds of Fifh.

" What could be preferv'd of this miraculous Animal, efpecially the Head, and
<c
the precious Horn faftned in it, hungup near two years at the Guard-houfe of
"

the Ifland,

iC

Des Trancarts (a Gentleman of Xaintonge,

cc

Horn.

Monfieur Le

till

Vajfeur, the

Not long after, coming

Governor of

who

it,

prefented one Monfieur

had given him a

Vifit)

with the

over in the fame Ship with the Gentleman,

who

had that precious Rarity put up in a long, Cheft, our Ship was call away near
" the Ifland of Tayala, one of the Ajfores, and all the Goods were loft, but nothing

cc

<c

Co much, regretted asthelofs

The

Natives

call

of that Cheft.

themfelves fubao-bonon, that

is,

Inhabitants of the Iflands,

and Ca-

The Natives

which laft Denomination was not onely receiv a amongit the American
Ifles, but alfo on the Main Continent of the Northern and Southern America, long
before the Spaniards coming thither.
ribbeeans

Concerning the original of

who make them

thefe People, there are feveral

to be Extracted

they abftain from Swines-flefli

great Iflands, Hifyaniol a, Jamaica,

who

for thofe

Their

f-

from the Jews, have no other teftimony, but that

Thofe that take them for a People fled from the
Cuba, and ^Porto ^ico, to fave themfelves from the

Spaniards Cruelty, difpute againft a

dians

Opinions

known Truth

who knows

for

not, that the In*

efcap'd the Spanijh Slaughter, have not the lead refemblance either in

Language or Cuftoms with the Cannibals ? nay more, they are mortal Enemies to
them beiides that, the Cannibals at that time when Columbus firft arrived, poiTefs'd
thofe Places which they now inhabit. The Cannibals feem ignorant themfelves
for they affirm their Extraction to be from Guyana, where the Qaliin this Point
bites fpeak the fame Language, and alfo obferve the fame Cuftoms and Religion
The occafion of their removal they afcribeto the King of the Arovages, who made
which to prevent, they firft
all the adjacent People about his Court, Slaves to him
went to Tabago, where being ftrengthned by new Comers, they refolv'd to take
and Engaging with him in a Field-Battel, utterly defeated him,
revenge on him
and fpar'd none of his Party alive, except the Women whence it proceeds, that
the Arovage Women have the fame Cuftoms and Language with the Qaribbeans, Buc
;

tBriftock,

can

an

Englijl)

Tongues,

Florida,

who

Knight, by long Converfation experiene'd in the feverall Ameri-

laith,

That

the Caribbeeans have their Original

being a valiant People, deftroy'd

many of the

Mexico, that fothey might Settle themfelves there

from the

Apalachites in

Natives that inhabited

which purpofe they built a

City like that of Jpalache. The Qofachites inhabiting Northerly, and fpred over a
barren and Rocky Countrey,made life of this opportunity to conquer their deferted
Habitation for on a fet*time they fet fire to all the Villages, and fpoyl'd all things
which they could not carry away with them, that not the leaft hopes of returning might be left them
which retherefore they muft either Conquer or Die
5

to

folv'd

~- =

AMERICA.

351

unawares on the

iolv'd

upon, they

much

time, that he Guarded the ufual

But the

fell

Chap. XVIII.

whofe King had neverthelefs fa

Paths which directed to the inhabited Vil-

Apalachites,

common

ceilible

Roads, climb'd over almoft inacMountains, and fo got into the heart of the Countrey, which exceedingly

amaz'd

Paracoufis (for fo that

lages

Apalachites leaving the

King was

call'd)

who lay Encamp'd

at the

Foot of a
Mountain, whether the Van of the Apalachites were marching
whereupon he' fending his Army to meet them, they began a moft fierce Combat
when at la ft both
Parties wanting Arrows, they fell upon one another with Glubs till the Night
parted them
and neither could boaftof the Vidory. At laft this War was turn'd
*
into Peace, and the Articles of Agreement were thefe,J Viz,
v

Tke cefadicome to
Terms of ates

gretment

'

^^

eApa'

Co ^acnires

*^ e

7actus

froutd for ever poffefi the Province

Amana,

and become one People

with the Apalachites, and acknowledge the B^ing of Apalache for their Chief Governor.

They

wi

off

After which the Qofachites were calPd Caribbeeans, which fignifies Accidental Sube ft s
But thefe two forts of People did not long agree ; for the Caribbeeans fleighted
j
;

Cuftoms of the apalachites in the Countrey 'Bemarin, and at the fame time
threw off their Obedience to the King, chofe one %agaz$n for their Governor, fubthe

difd the neighboring Province JMatika, and at

laft defi'd

the Apalachites
;

them

who

infe-

and making ufe of fubtilty, fuppos'd it the beft way to

make a Difference amongft the Caribbeeans themfelves to which the Priefts freely
proffcr'd their Affiftance, and their Defign prov'd alfo fuccefsful
for the Caribbee*
rior to

in Strength,

regarding no Religion (onely dreading the angry Deity Mabouya) the Apalachite
Priefts call'd Jaovasy took great pains to perfwade their Neighbors tothe'worfjhio.
ans

Are brought
to
to Worinip
Wormip
the Sun.

c
r
t
ping orC the Sun
which fo prevaird, that a conhderable number of them afcending
the Mountain Olaimi, fell down and fliew'd Reverence to that celeftial Luminary
which Opportunity Paracoufis taking notice of, caus'd the JaoVa's to publifh amonoft
.

\_

'

*~

the Caribbeeans ,

That

in the beginning of the Maairims, or March , a great Feaft fhould

be held in Reverence to the Sun on the ufual place, where the King would Entertain, and give Prefents to all the Worfliippers thereof.

How g reat

XyJ:

a Religion this

Sun-worfhip was antiently amongft the

from thc Writings of feveral authentick Authors.

Sfic P
Htathins.
The Syrians, whofe Idolatry the Ifraelites learn'd, honor
Babal, which fignifies Lord.

Gentiles,

ap*

cats

The

Phenicians call'd the

Sun

the

<BeeU[amen, Lord of the Heavens

Accaron, Baal-zebahim, Lord of'the Offerings

but

God chang

Sun by

the

Name

of

and the Citizens of

d the

Name

to Baal*

zebub, or The God ofFlyes.

Moloch, or Milcom alfo fignifi'd the

Sun amongft the Ammonites in honor of which

Children were carried by their Parents, and fet between two great Fires, or elfe by
the Priefts, upon pretence of cleanfingthem
and fometimes parch'd to death in
;
an Image of Moloch, which had feven Cavities heated like Ovens.
Macrobim

under the

tells us,

Name

That

the Affynans afcrib'd the fupream

by

flrft

fhooting

the Sun,

of Adad, and to the Goddefs Adargatis, reprefenting the Image of

Jdad with Beams darting downwards, and

the

Command to

they exprefs'd, that the celeftial

downwards warm

the Earth

Beams were cherifh'd and enlivened.

The moft magnificent Temple which

Adargatis

Power

with thofe that

confifted in

Sunbeams, which

and by the fecond, that

Syria

mot upwards

all

things by thofe

Apamena boaftcd, was Confecrated to

the Sun.

The Jrabians Offer'd Myrrhe on the tops of their Houfes at the Rifing
Sun who alfo was the Chamos and $aal-Peor of the Moabites and Medians.

of the

Near the P(ed-Sea, lay the City Baifamfa, which fignifies The Houfe of the
mous for the many Feafts which were kept there in honor of this Planet.

Sun,

fa-

The

*J

Chap. XVIII.

M E%^1

'

C A.

The (perfians accounted this Luminary for the greateftGod, and Confecrated to
him three feveral Feafts, looking upon him as the Author of Wifdom, Goodnefs,
and Power, and

exprefs'd by three feveral Operations,

is

Diftin&ion of Time.
The Egyptians honored the

Name of Ofirk, whom

with Mifraim, or Cbamjzpon, the

Founder of the

firft

vi^,*

fome

Warmth, Light, and

will have to be the

fame

Monarchy,

Egyptian

fignifi'd

was famous amongft many other Cities f4iat of Heliopolii, which

The City of the Sun where the Ox MneVis or Menapis being Confecrated to

the Sun,

was

In Egypt alfo

The

religioufly worfhipp'd.

made

Moors

This Image

is

defcrib'd

by Macrobim.

likewife great Offerings to their Ajfabin, for fo they* calFd the

Sun and allowed their Priefts onely the priviledge to gather Cinamon, and that
with this VroYifo, That they fhould firft Offer forty four Oxen, befides Goats and
Rams, x.o Ajfabin, nor fhould fetch the leaft Stick of Cinamon either immediately
j

before or after Sun-fet

The Cinamon

and the

the Chief Prieft,

brought altogether, was to be divided by

having each their Portion

reft

that

aflign'd,

main'd was fold to the Merchants, to Trade with into Foreign Parts

Sun chanc'd

to fet the

Cinamon on

fire,

which

re-

but

the

if

then they concluded they had not dealt

juftly.

The

according to Troclus, hung a long Pole

Greeks,

full

of Laurel and Flowers

on every feventh day of the Moneth on the top thereof was a great Copper Ball,
from which hung others ft ill leffer and lelTer about the middle of the Pole hung
three hundred and fixty five Garlands and the bottom thereof was cover'd with a
Womans Garment of a yellow colour The uppermoft Ball reprefented the Sun,
;

the leffer the Stars,

and the Garlands the Days of the Year

in

which mariner they

worfhipp'd the Sun.

The fame Luminary the Majfagetes and old Germans ador'd in antient
this

day the People

WeJ(I -Indians,' pay

in the

utmoft North, Japanners^Chinefes, Tartars, and the Eaji and

their chief

times ; and to

Devotions to the Sun

the reafon of

which mayJ

Why
eafily
J

Divine
Worfhip fo

_->

,.

be made out for it is the common Opinion of all Men, as Arifiotie, Simplicius, ThemijUm, and other Heathens witnefs, to place the Omnipotent Godhead in the up:

permoft Orb, which furrounds the Earth

Hands

to

Heaven

but becaufe the

reft

wherefore thofe that Pray,

Earth

or for

its

its

its

God, whether

for

its

their

its

as

ex

being a hundred and fixty times bigger than the

nourifliing and genial

neceiTary Light,

meafuring the Days by

its

Year, by a Courfe from the

by which

all

Warmth, which

gives Life to all

worldly Affairs are manag'd, or for

moving from Eaft

South to the North

to Weft,
;

and the Seafons of the

for all thefe excellent qualities

being well confider'd by the moft Learned Heathens, or obferv'd by thofe of

Judgment, have made them (hew that Honor

due to the

ven to the
s Hn

fwift Courfe, in running ten hundred thoufand Leagues info

fhortatime, or for
things, or for

its

up

of the Heavens appear not fo refplendenr

the Sun, therefore they take the Sun for the onely chief

ceeding luftre and glory, or for

lift

generally gi-

which

to a vifible Creature,

is

leffer

onely

invifible Creator.

Thefe and fuch

Arguments induc'd the Caribbeeans to go to Bemarin where

the Feaft of the Sun was to be kept.
The Apalachite King alfo Entertained the neighboring People exceeding courte*
Melilot from whence he was carried in a Chair on the Shouloufly in the chief City
J
J

like

J[Jj^J|j!
* u ake

an Ottering

dersof four Men, with found of Pipes and Drums, and an innumerable company ^g&jtfj
of People, to the top of the Mountain

Olaimi,

where he made a

ftately Offering to

ohimi.

the Sun, and afterwards Feafting and CarefHng the Caribbeeans with Gifts, he fent

them home

all

well contented and

fatisfi'd

with

their Entertainment*

This Cu-

Horn

I'L

AMERICA.

'

Chap. XVIII.

i"

ftom was Y earl y obfcrv'd, when ac laft they began to neglect

their Duty, wherefore
m
refolvM to proclaim War againft the
if they did not continue
paying their Devotions to the Sun
which Injunction was

r^ ^/^^
*'

O^W,,

differently received

fome judg d it to be inconfiftent with their purchased Freedom,

Religion from a neighboring King, alledging, That if
any

to receive

Laws

for

Reverence was due to

on the Mountains of Amana as within Toltlabms
Realm others, who lov'd Peace, and had a zeal to the 0/*;^
Religion, would not
be againft the Propofals, which occafion'd a Contention
amongft themfelves and
every one apply'd himfelf to thofe that were of his
Opinion
the Sun,

it

might

as well be given

flood upon their Freedom, were of the greateft Party

of the Sun clos'd with the

Jpalacbites,

who

neverthelefs thofcthat

wherefore the Worfhippers

going out with their Forces, routed the
.

other Party, and received thofe Caribbeeans that joyn'd

with

them in Reliaion into

Co-partnerfhip alfo in the Government, fo that they united
into one People
But
thofe that were routed rally'd again, and not without
thoufands of Inconveniences
made towards the Sea, where Embarquing, they Landed firft
on the Ifle Ayay now
calrd SanBa Crux and in P^cefs of time grew very
>
populous
for from thence by
degrees have been peopled all the little Ifles which
lie before Jmerica,
:

2?JS&
ani grow
powerful

and grew fo

confiderable, that they were fought to by the Qalabkes,

to fide with them againft
the AroVaces, Yaos, Sappayos, and other People their
Enemies on the Main Continent, where they have taken many large Countreys,
extending as far as <Brafite
where they are greatly refpetfed and fear'd for their

Valor and Policy in warlike

J

Affairs.

But becaufe the memory of antique Paffages hath

no firm foundation in Books,
having been onely taken by Tradition from time
to time amongft the Caribbeeans,
therefore we cannot give you an exaft Account
of their Removal from Florida yet
it remains without contradiction,
that it hapned above five Ages
-

before the Spaniards

Arrival, which time at leaft

was required

to the peopling of fo

many

areat Iflands

and Kingdoms.
Original of
the j4pzla.
(hues.

Concerning the Original of the

Apalachites,

they themfelves affirm, that they

cannot certainly determine the time

when they firft Setled here however, they

report that they have peopled the Provinces
<Bemarin, Jmana, and Matika, many Ages
ago. That they are Extracted from the
Tartars, appears' not obfcurely, by their
Cuftoms, Idolatry, and Language. Amongft
other things, they have learn'd from
the Tartars religioufly to remember thofe
Kings which performed any grand Exploits in the Service of their Countrey.
Amongft others, the Afalacbites make mention in their Jrettos, or Songs,
of a King call'd Majdo, eminent for his noble At,
enlevements, and prudent Governing of his
People.
Their OpiThey
believe
that
the
Sun many Ages fince was Darkened or Ecclips'd twenty
nions in Re
ligion.
four Hours together, during which
time the Waters over*nWd the higheft Mountains, except that of Olaimt,
where there ftood a ftately Temple, built in honor of
:

Sun
in which all thofe that fled'thither
were preferv'd, and difpers'd afterwards into feveral pans to re-people the
World as foon as the Waters were abated,
and the Sun appear'd in his full luftre
again
whereupon they imagine, that to this
day their Bird TonatQiti, at the Riling
of the Sun congratulates his appearance
with great joy, and at his Setting,
requefts his fpeedy return from under the
Horizon.
the

The Bird 2o-

r*fc, pt ,o

SmST

The

TonatKul,

is

a Bird like a Bnll-Finch, onely

its Belly and Wings are of a

Golden colour, the Back and Tail blue,
its Head adorn'd with divers colour'd
Feathm' lts Ckws and B'U like Ivory, and it Sings like
a Nightingale.
As for 0la,m '> k is a perl a round Mountain
the Way which leads to the top
.

thereof

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.

?55

two Leagues long, and is planted on each fide with Cedar,

Pine-Trees^^/^and Sajfafras- the top of which is a fair Plain a League in circumthereof runs winding

Eaftward from

a Cavern, to

which Nature hath afforded more Convenience and Ornament than could be given to the fame by Art and Charges
The
firft Beams of the Riling Sun dart into the Cavern, which being oval,
appears like
the
white
which
top
Vault,
on
a
hath a great Hole for the Air to go in at
The
bottom is like the pureft Marble on the Floor ftands a Stone Ciitern to receive
the Moifture which drops out of the Rocks. Whileft the People Danc'd on the
ference

it is

fore-mention'd Plain,Feafted and Sung, the Priefts Orfer'd Myrrhe, and

of Perfumes.

manner

all

The

Clothes which the Rich gave to the Sun, were diftributed amongft the
Poor, according to a Lift whiqh was taken of them.

But

in procefs

of time the

have moft of them ernbrac'd the Qmftian The o^on

Religion ; the firft occafion thereof was this
When John %ibauld had brought a
&^fin
French Colony to Florida, and gain d a Fort, (which from King Qbarles the Ninth he
tl
nam'd Charles-Fort) the Spanijh Commander Peter Meknde^ fell unawares upon him,
and fo far impower'd his Men, who had of themfelves a natural hatred againft the
Apalacbites

2e:

French, that they fpar'd neither

Man, Woman, nor Child

onely ten

Men

escaping

the bloody Banquet, fled to the Floridan

King Zaturiona, where they were kindly re*

ceiv'd, and hearing of the Civility and Power of the King of Apalacbe, defiYd that
they might go thither
which Zaturiona not onely granted, but alfo furnifli'd the
,

leven French-men (for the other three were dead) with good Guides, who vifited
Zaturiona 's Relations, living in feveral Villages along the pleafant Stream Selay,

over which they pafs'd on large Boughs

artificially

joyn'd together, and travell'd

through Woods, Marfhes, and Mountains full of ravenous Beafts, and fometimes
Engaged with the ftragling Floridans which lurk'd in the moft defolate Wilderhaving travell'd two days Journey, by an Ambufcade of King Ttmago's
neiTes
People, they loft two of their Guides, the reft being dangeroufly wounded, and
:

many

came at laftto Avoeka, and from thence to the King .of

Jpalache's Court, who received them all with great kindnefs
Whereupon they refolv'd, being indue'd thereto by their courteous Reception, fruitfulnefs of the Soil,
and good Cuftoms of the Inhabitants, to Settle themfelves, all but two of them,

through

Difficulties

who

return'd with the Guides to Zaturiona

by promulgating

the

reft that ftay'd

there, endeavor'd

the (hriftian Religion, to reduce the Pagans to the belief thereof

which many embrac'd, and alfo

learned the French

Tongue, notwithftanding their

'Priefts 'faova's oppos'd the fame. After the death of the French (which the Apalacbites
much bemoan'd) their Idolatry had like to have gotten the upper hand acrain had
not fome Englijb Families, fleeing from Virginia from the Cruelties of the Indians,
and notable to reach No? England, Landed at Florida, with intention at firft onely
to get frefh Provifions, but Rowing up thcRiver Selay, and taken with the pleafantnefs, they chofe the Province Bemarin for their Habitation,

they Setled Anno 1621.

.

Amongft them were

feveral

where accordingly

Learned Men, which fo

erTe*

dually perfwaded the Heathens to embrace the Cbriflian Faith, that in twenty ei^ht
years time the King and moft of his Nobles were Converted and Baptized by them
in the chief City Melilot.

But

fince

our Defign

is

onely to give you an exact Account of thofe People

which inhabit the Iflands lying before America, it is diffident that we have fhew'd
you how they are Extracted from the Qofacbites and the Apalacbites.
As to the Cuftoms of the Caribbeeans, fince they are very much altered by their
long Converfation with the Europeans,

we cannot

better

inform our

felves

of their
ancient

M E %^l C

tf6

Chap. XVIII.

A.

obferv'd on St. Vincent, and

antient Cuftoms, than from thofe which to this day are
fome parts of the Main Continent, where the Caribbeeans have learn'd nothing from

any Strangers.
Defa-iption

oftheCW^-

proportion^ People with broad Shoulders and Hips,

round Faces, without Beards, wide Mouthes, white Teeth, little Eyes like the Tar*
Nofes, fo made by fqueezing
tars, Feet fo hard, that they are almoft Dart-proof, flat

The Caribbeeans

are a well

them down in their Infancy, and long black Hair. There are few or no deformed
People amongft them all of them go ftark naked, and paint their Bodies Red
about their- Eyes they draw a black Circle
with a Plant call'd <l(ocou, and Oyl
with the Juice of the Apple Junipa. This their Painting ferves them both as an
;

Ornament, and to make them ftrong. Others anoint their Bodies all over with a
glewy StufF,on which they ftick all forts of Feathers. Others ufe Gum and Flowers.
Moreover, they adorn their Head with Plumes, their Ears with Fifh-bones, or
Scales of the Caret, or pieces of Cryftal, which they alfo hang in their Lips and
Nofes. The Men wear Armlets near their Shoulders, and the Women about their
Wrifts

about their Legs they

tie for

Garters Strings of Seeds

in wearingthe Bones of their jlain Enemies,

wildcats, or Cockle

(hells.

When

others take a pride

and the Teeth of the Agouty y Tygers,

they appear in greateft luftre

then

they

Arm*pits, and alfo Scarfs of Feathers, which either hang

over their Shoulders, or are girt about their Middle, fo that one end thereof tou*
ches their Thighs. They fet an exceeding value on certain pieces of Copper call'd
Caracolis, the leaft of which they hang in their Ears, and the biggeft before their

wear Armlets under

Breads

their

and becaufe they are

fetch'd out of the Province

Marks of

mies, they are efteem'd as

true Valor,

and he

of the AroVages their Ene.

is

highly efteem'd that

wears them.
Their Language.

which Converfe with the Europeans, fpeak two forts of Languages, the oldeft of which is fmooth, acceptable, fluent, and for the moft part fpoke
between the Lips. According to the feveral pronunciations one word harh divers
but the Myftery of their oldeft Language they will difcover to
fignifications
none. It is very obfervable, that'the Cmbbeean Men fpeak feveral words, which

The

Caribbeeans

though the

Women

underftand, yet are never fpoken by

them

and

alfo the antient

People ufe feveral Sayings which the younger never mention, and the Youths fuch
likewife as are never fpoken by the Antient, which being- fpoken apart by each in

by none but their Soldiers, that fo their Defigns

may the better be kept fecret. But their mix'd Language hath many of the European words, efpecially of the Spanijh, which they fpeak whenfoe're they converfe
the time of

War,

are underftood

with the Europeans,

Moreover, though the

Caribbeeans

on the

leaft

occaflon laugh

aloud, yet they are of a dull Spirit, ftubborn, and nothing to be got out of

but by
Their

Man-

ner!.

fair

means.

Hunting, Fifhing, Tilling, Building of Houfes, and the

Theft is not known amongft chem,fo that no Man is fufpicious of his Neighwherefore they leave their Huts open both Night and Day. They are alfo

Their Employment
like.

bor

them

is

Variance one with another ,but generally Lovefways amongft them yet
if a Quarrel doth happen, then the injur'd Perfon revenges himfelf to the heighth.

feldom

at

Perfons that profefs Chaftky are

much honor'd amongft them

and here Youth

bears great refpe ct to Age.

Their Ignorance.

They

Moon

is

Eclips'd, th

they fmell any

ill

n>pofe

fcent,

powder they fuppofe

Knowledge, infomuch that when the

and whercfoe're
is devour'd by Maboya
Devil to be not far from thence. Gun-

are alio very ignorant in natural

that

it

ey believe the

to be a Grain,

and are very

fearful

of Fire-Arms

Though
they

imm^.

U M E T^I C

Chap. XVIII.
they have

many

eat the fame,

357

brave Salt-pits, yet they ufc no Salt, nor eat any Swines, flefh,

abound

all thole Iflands

though

A.

homely, though

a property generally incident to

it is

if they

fhould

caufe th em to have little Eyes,

would

it

of Animal, fearing that

in that fort

which they account very

them
neither will they eat

any Tortoife, becaufe they would not be fo grofs as that Creature. Laftly, they
know now no greater Number than they reckon on their Fingers and Toes, for
what exceeds twenty is to them innumerable They hold that good Spirits, whom
:

they

Jkamoue, refiding in Heaven

call

never trouble themfelves with Earthly

Affairs.

"Their Offerings confivt in CaJfaVe and the

firft

of their

fruits,

which

are fee at the

end of their Huts in VeiTels on fmall Tables^ cover'd with Leaves or Rufhes.
without uttering any Prayers ; for they never Pray but in publick in company of
the Boyezi or Priefts, and that either for revenge againft Injuries, or for-recovery
fromSicknefs, or that they

may know

the Events of

War, or

for Protection againft

the Maboya.

Each

hath his peculiar God, which, Singing with a conjuring Verfe> he calls
in the Night whilft he Smoaks a Pipe of Tobacco.
fBoye

him
Some have been of Opinion,

to

phlegmatick Nature of the

that this Conceit of the Maboya proceeds

who

Caribbeeans,

to prove, that thefe Heathens

often appearing to

them

Their Fearof

melancholy Dreams imagine

Maboya. But there are fuffici'ent tefti-

in their

themfelves to be grievoufly beaten by the faid

monies

from the

have often really

fuflfer'd

much by this

Maboya,

in fuch horrid fhapes,that the

poor Caribbeea?iswou\d fweat

and quake at the fight thereof, and inflicting fuch fad Pinches and bloody Stripes
all over their Bodies, that they liv'd in perpetual fear of this evil Spirit
and yet
notwithstanding thefe cruel Sufferings, they fhew'd no manner of Worfhip to Ma*
boya onely they believ'd that they had fome eafe, when they wore little Pi&ures
about their Necks, made refemblingthe Shapes in which Maboya appeared to them
:

but their belt

They
cularly,
is

Remedy was

to flye to the Qhriftians,

believe their fBoji^able to refolve

when any onedies,the

the occafion of his

Death

him

they have difpatch'd

...

to

any Queftion they ask of them

neareft ally'd to

which

if the Boye

to the other

.-

parti-

him asks the 'Boye this Queftion^o

names any one, they never reft till

JYirCon

"

Deaths/an
Relaci n -

World. Concerning
brutifii
o their original
o
to an antient Fable, which is to this effect

way of living, they give much credit

The moft ant ient Caribbeeans, living

under no other Roof than the Canopy of?^*

Heaven, fed on nothing but what the Fields naturally produe'd, which falvage
Life an old Man much beamoan'd when a certain Deicy clad in white Apparel
defcending down on the Earth, faid, That he would have come fooner to haVeJhelVn them
;

the

Wy

of a

had they requefied

Moreover, the Angel fhew'd them a

place along the Shore where there lay (harp.cutting Stones, with which he told
them they might cut down Trees, and with the Timber build themfelves Houfes,
and cover them with the Leaves of the Palm-Tree to keep out the Rain
which
laid, he broke his Staff into three pieces, which being Planted, foon after produe'd
civil Life,

it

before.

Root

which ftamp'd and dry'd, made good Bread.

The Caribbeeans have alfo a ftrange Opinion concerning the Soul, that is to fay, *iir0.pKD
''on co'-icern_,,
,,
That every one hath as many Souls as he hath Pulfes, but the chiefefl is the Heart ingth.-soui,
it felf, which after Death removes with Jehei%i, (that is every
ones peculiar God or

the

Manioe,

ox.

Genius) to the

Company

ner as here on Earth

;

their

may

of the other Deities, where they live after the fame manwherefore thole that are Perfons of Quality give Charge at

Deaths, that their Servants

ferve

them

>

in the other

may

World

be kilTd and buried with them, that fo they

That

the other Souls,

which

are the Pulfes,

Mm

are

_
""

--

353

two

are of

forts,

whereof the

M E %^I C

firft

call'd Mahoya's,

Ghap. XVIII.

A.
range through

Woods and

Wil.

and the other call'd The Oumekous, refide along the Sea, and overturn
That the Souls of Heroes remove to pleafant and delightful
the Ships that Sail by
Iilands, where they are ferv'd by the jiroMages
That Cowards at their Death go
derneffes

behind a high Mountain, where they become perpetual Slaves to the drovages*
So foon as they hear a clap of Thunder they run into their Huts, and place
themfelves on

Heads on

Stools round the Fire, cover their Faces, and laying their

little

make

their Knees,

a doleful noife, as fuppofingthat Maboya

is

exceedingly

enrag'd againft. them.

Their manner of

Dwel

ling.

Their Huts, for the moll part built near Rivers and Streams , are of an
oval fafliion, their Roofs made of Palm-Tree Leaves or Sugar-Canes, the Walls
nothing but Boughs fet in the Ground and pleited together, and the Floor of
fifted Earth or Sand, ramm'd in and kept very even and fmooth
befides a Room
;
wherein they Sleep and Entertain their Friends, they have alfo a Kitchin to drefs
Meat, and a place to lay their Bowes, Arrows, Clubs, and the like, in j they
ufe Mats in fleadof Walls, to feparate one Apartment from the other. Their Houftheir

them have Hammocks in ftead of Beds the

meaner fort ufe Sticks laid crofs one another, and cover'd thick with the Leaves of
the Banana-Tvce, made fail at the four corners with Cords. Hollow Qalabajfas, and
Earthen Ware call'd Qmaris, ferve them for their Kitchin Utenfils. In the little
hold-fturT

the richeft of

is little

Canaris they prepare iheiilumalis, or Pepper-pottage,

and

in the biggeft their

Liquor

Ovicou.

Their Cleanlinefs

make a Hole

in the

may appear by

when

they go to eafe Nature, they

with a Stick, and after they have done, flop it up again,

Ground

this, that

may not be feen.

Huts feed many Hens and Turkies, which

burying their Excrement that

it

Round about their

they breed not fo
much for their own ufe, as to exchange for Iron.
They remove their Habitations very often, either out of fear of being haunted
bytheGhoft offome deceafed Perfon, or to avoid fome Smell which they find
noifom and offenfive, or becaufe their Hut hath been fet on fire by Lightning.
The Women are always employed to keep their Families in good order, to prepare Venifon and Fifli for the Mens Tables, to fpin Cotton, Comb their Husbands, and paint them Red. The Men fpend their time in the Wars, Hunting or
Fifhing. They have alfo learn'd of the Europeans to burn Train-Oyl in Lamps in
the Night, when as before they burnt Twigs of a gummy Shrub before mention'd,
which for that reafon the Hollanders call'd CandkAVood. Each hath a little Stool, and
*

Their Houfhold Affairs

and

Diet.

a Table call'd Mantoutou, on which he eats his Meat when he pleafes, havincr no
fetcMeals. The broad Banana-Lca\es ferve them for Napkins and Table-clothes.
r

Their

chiefeil

Dainty

At great

<Pyman.

is

Crabs roafted

in the Shell

with the Juice of Lemmon and

Meat with the Fat of their Enemies, being

the AroVages. Their ufual Drink is Mabby, made of Potato's, which refrefhes, and
is good againft the Phlegm
alfo another Liquor call'd Oh, made of fteep'd Cajfadar and is like Beer intafte,fl:rength, and colour. They alfo by
making an incifion
Feafts they drefs their

into the Palm-Trees, tap a Liquor

They
it is

is

ufe little of the

Drink

pleafing to the Palate

the

Coufcou,

from the fame

becaufe

it

in Qalabafhes, like

White-wine.

fwells the

Body, notwithftanding

mod

efteem'd amongft them,

But the Liquor which

is

Wine made of the Sugar*Canes, which

are fqueez'd in Mills made for that

purpofe, and then boyl'd in great Kettles. During thedreffing of their Meat (which
being done leifurely, is fometimes half a day before it is ready), they Sing, and

Dance

to the

Time, which pae keeps wi tfc a CaUba/b

fill'd full

of little Stones,

in

which

AMERICA,

XV1IL

Chap.

?f5>
l

which chey believe the greateft. happinefs they fliall enjoy in the other World conBut the Caribbeeans never Dance more antique than when they meet in the
fills
whether the Women carry a
Carbet, which is a publickHoufe of Entertainment
:

.,

Drink made of Cajfaye, which makes Drunk as foon as Wine ; The Men bring
all of them painted with !{oucou, and adorn'd with Plumes
Fifli and Hedge-hogs
of Feathers, commit all manner of Debaucheries. At other times they alfo keep
Feaft*days, which is either when they are preferred to fome Office, or Place of Ho*
nor, or when they have defeated their En emi&s, or when they mourn for the Death
.

of one of their neareft Relations.

Their Boats, which they call Teriaquo's, are made of fingle hollow Trees,
of Benches, and painted with feveral ftrange Shapes, and are able each to carry

full

"Their Beafc.

<

fifty

or fixty Men.

Their Mufical Inftruments

in

which they take

mod delight,

ate

Drums,

Strings

upon Calabashes ,and Flutes made of the Bones of their Enemies,

They keep Watches on high Hills, to defcry the Ships off at Sea, and no fooner

Their

of Silk-grafs

mug-

menu.

ftretcht

i
Theirwatch-

have they efpy'd one, but they immediately give notice to one another i whereupon gainft^
nues
thofe that are moft valiant put off to Sea in their Canoos, and know by the Lan*

guages to diftinguifh between a Spaniard, French-man, Engl'tjh-m&n, and Hollander*

If they find that

Avenues,

lie in

'tis

an

Enemy who Lands on

their Coafts, they guard all their

Ambufcades, and gather together

in

by-ways, and where they

fee

which done, they fall in amongnV

any advantage they (hoot thoufands of Arrows
them with great Clubs but if they chance to be defeated, then they lurk behind
*

Bramble-bufhes, or climb up inacceflible Mountains,

and

Swim,

near the Sea, they

Paces

Party of them chance to meet together after*

if a

wards, they venture a fecond Engagement

are Friends, they

elfe, if

Swimming under Water above two hundred

fave themfelves by Diving and

before they appear again

o*.

But

if thofe that

come on their Coafls

Their Enter-

or go in their Boats to meet them, climb up their Ships, fSuT.

and carry the Sea*men on

their Shoulders afhore,

where the

Qafxque in the

Name

of

them welcome, and conducts them to the Carbet, where an.

antient Man falutes the old Men, and a Youth the young Men after which asking
their Names, the Co uban calls himfelf by that Name ever after, and deiires the
Strangers to accept of his Name
during which their changing of Names they ufe
many Ceremonies of Friendfhip this done, they proffer them Cotton Ham*
mocks to reft themfelves in, and pleafant Fruit to eat, till they have prepared other
Meat which is no fooner Ready, but a little Table is fet before every one of
them, and a Difh of Meat confiding of boyl'dHedgeshogs, boyl'd Crabs, and Potherbs 5 which if the Guefls do not eat heartily, or drink up all the Liquor which
the

whole

Ifland bids

they give them, they take

they take

Their

it

kindly, and

Offices

it

asa great Affront

mew

but

if

they eat and drink heartily,

great forrow at their departure*

of Government have been ufually three

the Tiouboulibautbe, who fe Place

was

to

Govern over

the meaneft belonged to

the Qarbet^

Houfe where Stran-

gers were Entertain'd,Matters of War difputed of,and publick Feafts kept. Tioubott*

Commanded the Canoos in the time of War, that is, under the Nahaktte, who
Commanded the whole Fleet But the chiefeft Officer of all was the Ouboutou to
tontl

which degree of Honor none

leaf! a

attain'd, unlefs he

had

kili'd feveral JroVages,

or at

Governor.

When

the Caribbeeans

drew

all their

Forces out of the Iflands to a Battel, then

.

they chofe one out of the Ouboutou,

Army

as General,

than his

own

which

his Office

who

during their March

Commanded

the

ended with the War, and extended no farther

Ifland,

Mm?

Their

Their warConful-

like

taiioiu.

M E<KI C

%6o

A.

Chap. XVIII.

Their warlike Confutations were no lefs obfervable, for the Ouboutou ap.
pointed a Day, on which the Iflanders met at a Feaft in the Car bet, whither
they
accordingly came

time appointed,, and having Eat and Drunk, and

Danc'd a confiderable time, an antient Woman with tears in her Eyes, and mournful Countenance, enter'd the Carfat, and defir'd Audience which being
granted
at the

all

and every one

her,

(he began to relate the

Damages which from antient times

the Jrovages did to the Qaribbeeans
and that in the laft Engagement Co many valiant Men were (lain, and afterwards devoured by them
therefore it would be a
fhame not to take Revenge which being feconded by the Ouboutu, put Valor into
filent,

'.

the Hearts of all that were prefent

Whereupon the following day MeiTengers

acquaint them with their Intentions, that they
:

were fent to the other Iflands to

might prepare their Clubs, make (harp and poyfon their Arrows, String their
Bowes, prepare Provifions, and fit out their Canoos They poyfon'd their Arrows
:

with the Juice of Mancbenillo

vifions

j,

and Arms they laid up

which made the

leaft

Wound mortal. Their

Pro-

in their Canoos, fo to preferve their Teriaguo's

(which
Men), if they fhould chance to over-fct, which often
happened, though they were foon turn'd up again. They went from
one Ifland to
another, where they not onelyftor'd themfelves withfrefh Provifions, but
increas'd
are Boats that can carry fifty

new

their Fleet with

Afliftants

,.

with which approaching the Main, they hal'd

their

Boats afhore in the Evening, and driving four Stakes into the Ground under
the
Trees, made faft their Hammocks to the fame, in which they flept till
Mid.night,
and then fell on their Enemies, but if difcover'd by them, they retreated
to their
Boats and return'd home but if they were not difcover'd, they fell upon
the Huts
;
of the Jmages who refilling, they {hot Arrows with burning Cotton
into them,

and

fo fetting

them on

fire,

fore'd the Arovages to venture a Battel in the

open Field

where having fpent all their Arrows, they Engag'd one another with great Clubs],
with which at one Blow they broke either Arms or Legs, or knock'd
out their
Brains.

If the Caribbeeam chane'd to be defeated, then thofe that

remain'd
Party made a lamentable noife, howling for thofe that were kill'd,
and

of their

mix'd their

Tears with the Blood of their

whom not without the greater! danger

they fetch'd from amongft their Enemies, and carried them
aboard of their Boats :
But returning Vigors, they were wont to infult over their Prifoners
(lain Friends,

with

all the

Taunts imaginable, and then taking advantage of thofe fharp Upbraidings

which their cruel ufage extorted from them, to put them to death withmoft
inhumane Tortures, and then to Fcaft themfelves upon their mangled Bodies,
all

bitter

claiming a Right to their feveral Prifoners, as to fo

Slaughter

many

Beafts appointed to the

But of late Ages they have contented themfelves to difpatch them fpeedily with their Clubs, and fo affign them to their
Shambles.
Their Enmity to the
Spaniard.

As
of the

the Jroyages

had been formerly,

fo the Spaniards at length

became

the Obje<ft

Qaribbeeans irreconcilable

Hatred, infomuch that oft-times being Invaded by

them, they gave them fuch rough Entertainment, that they were
glad to fave themfelves by flight
for the Caribbeeam not regarding their Guns, prefs'd upon them,
and many times took VeiTels richly laden from them,' till of late
years that a Peace
hath been concluded between them wherein neverthelefs
thofe of the Qur'tbbttamK*
fufe to be concerned, that inhabit St. $9mmia>
and St. Vincent,
cannot to this,
.

who

day forget the cruel Outrages committed by the

Their Marriage*.

To come to

Spaniards.

their Marriages, they

were allow'd as many Wives as they pleas'd

Governors were in efteem according to the number of

to have,

infomuch that their

their Wives
nor were degrees of Confanguinity fo regarded, but that an Uncle
j
might take his Neece whom he no fooner had carried to his Houfe, but the Mar.
.

riage

riage

was

M E%Jl

%A

Chap. XVIII.

They feldom Divorc'd

finiili'd.

Man would

Children, but other wife the

A young Man

their

C A.
Wives

l6\
afcer they had.

bore them

Bond of Matrimony when he

break the

had no Relation might court a Stranger, and if her

Parents allow'd of it, the Match was made. One that had behav'd himfelf valiantly againft the JroVages was lure of feveral good Matches, for he was refused by
none whom he Courted and the abundance of Wives was the greatefl: teftimony
of their Valor. Each Wife had a peculiar Dwelling, fo to prevent all Diffentions i
So foon as one of them was with Child, her Husband Lay not with her till after
pleas'd.

that

Delivery.

any

Woman committed

Adultery, her Husband was permitted to

knock out her Brains, or rip open her Belly j which done, he acquainted her FaIf

ther with the Deed,

who

return'd

him thanks

for the fame.

Murderers were

ei-

ther burnt or cut in pieces.

Women

Children were born here with little trouble, for the

were no fooner Delivered, but they carried the Infant to warn at the next
which done they return'd home to their Houfliold Labor, whileft the Man

Brook ;
on the contrary kept
he hollow'd out

in

Bed, and ate nothing but a piece of CaJfaVa Bread, which

the middle, and left the edges till the Feaft, which was kept
his

Naming of the Child

at the

Moreover, he fed on

all

manner of Dainties

for a

whole year after. But this Cuftom was obferv'd onely at the Birth of the firft Son,
at which time they fcratch'd the Father's Shoulder with a (harp Curry.combe, at
which if he flinch'd not, it was accounted a good Omen of the Childs future Valor.
At fifteen days old they made Holes in the Childs Ears, Lips, and Noftrils,through
which they put a String for the tying on of what-ever Ornamentals. With the like
Ceremonies the Child received a Name, taken from his PredeceiTors, Trees, Filhes,
or fome remarkable PalTages during the Mothers bearing of the Infant in her

Womb,

But this Name was changed fo foon as they

went to War, or kill'd a Commander of the JroVages, whofe Name they exchang'd
After which the Mothers took fpecial care in bringing them up,
for their own
and at fix Moneths the Children were able to run alone
When they attain'd to
or of the Father's Lying-in

the age of two years, they cut off their Hair, at a great Feaft

made

for that

purpofe

from which time forward they exercis'd them in Shooting with Bowes and Ar*
rows to which purpofe they hung up pieces of Meat for them to fhoot at, which
5

they muft either hit

down, or Faft.
Their Ceremonies to make Soldiers were very ftrange, V/^. The Father conducted his Son to the Corbet, where he told him the Duties of a Soldier, beat him
with a Bird of prey, call'd Mansfe?iis, till he had bruis'dthe Head of the Bird, and
fcratch'd his whole Body all over with a Curry-combe till the Blood came, and
then put Lemmon Juice into the Wounds, afterwards put him in a Hammock,and
hung him up for feveral days without giving him any Meat all which Torments
and Trials if he endur'd with patience, then he was accounted a good and appro-

Initiation

of

Soldiers,

ved Soldier.

Few bred up

their

Children to be IBoye^ or Priefts

;

up

to

it,

yet thofe that were brought Of

their

Pnefts.

from certain Food from their Infancy, and before they could be
Order of Priefthood, they were fore'd to draw Blood from every

abftain'd

receiv'd into the

part of their Bodies.

The

Caribbeeans attain to

an exceeding great Age

Charles de ^otchfort witnelTeth,

Great
tfe-

That in

his

under the

timethere liv'd

Men who remembred

Command of Chriftopber

are not free

firft

Arrival of the Spaniards

which confider'd, they could not be lefs

years old. Many Women alfo were found

Columbus,

than each of them a hundred and fixty

there,who bare Children

the

after they

were eighty years of age yet neverthelefsthey

from Sicknelfes andDiftempers,which cannot juftly be attributed to the
:

Mm

Climate.

am.

ogtf

of

Curibbtt-

a M E %i

\6%

Chap. XVIII.

c A.

the trouClimate, that being extraordinary healthful, but to their ill Diet. Befides
great Knobs,
blefom Difeafe call'd fyans, which makes their Bodies fvvcll full of

troubled with peftilential Sores, occafion'd by the eating of

Againft which Evils
Crabs, and poyfonous Tortoifes, Lamantins, and Hedg-hogs.
and Oyl. The bit*
they wanted not Medicines, confiding of Herbs, Roots, Gums,
Bark of the C%oa.Tree,fteep'din Water, and mix'd with Lanbys, hath a iove
they have been

much

ter

Juyce of the Myby*Tvce, which they us'd

and for outward Means, they us'd a Salve made of burnt Caneto take inwardly
the Matter
aflies,temper'd with a Water prefs'd out of a certain Tree. To draw
never cuftomary
out of the Sores, they us'd the Juice of funipa. Letting Blood was
raign operation.

The

like vertue

is

in the

amongft them, but to cut and fcratch the fore part was to them in dead of Phlebotomy. But if all the fore-mention d Medicines would not help them, they fled for
who immediately order'd the Hut wherein the Patient lay to be
aid to the
made clean, the Table call'd Matoutou to be over-fpread with Cajfaire, Ouycou, and

%^>

Garden Fruits, for an Offering to the evil Spirit Maboya, and as many Stools to be
Ceremony and afplac'd about the fame as there were People to be prefent at the
entered into the Hut about
ter that all the Fire and Candles were put out, the <Boye
Midnight with a Lighted Roll of Tobacco, then muttering fomc words to himfelf,
ftamp'd with his left Foot, and blew the Smoak of the Tobacco up into the Air,
;

which done, and tearing the Tobacco in pieces, he threw the fame over the Hut,
and call'd up his Spirit, who fhaking the Roof of the Houfe,made a terrible noife j
then the Boye drew near to the Patient, fuck'd his Sores, and anointed them with
after which if the fick Perfon recover'd, he made a great
the Juice of Junipa
But if the Diftemper were mortal,,
Feaft, and an Offering to the aforefaid Spirit
then the <Boye inform'd the Patient's Relations, That his Spirit had companion up;

on the Sick, and was refolv'd to carry him above the

Gods which refide there.

Stars, to

accompany

the other

of the Inhabitants of the Ifles that lie before l^prthem

Jmerica y it will next be requifite to give you an Account of them in particular.
There are generally reckon'd of thefe Iflands twenty eight by Name, though
for befides that there are a multitude of fmall obthere are many more in number

Thus much

in general

<

1 fie number
of the Caribiit Iflands.

fcure Iflands that are not nam'd, there are of the

Their feveral

Names.

or-

three that

go under one

Name

more

confiderable fometimes

the twenty eight are thefe following

two

Anegada,

or
Sombrero,las Virgmes,AnguiHa, Saba, St.Crux, St. Martin, St. Bartholomew, Barbouthos
MangaBarboude, %otonda, TS^eYis, Euftathius, Antego, Montferrat, Guadalupe, Defeado,
lanta,

Todos Santlos,

Ve

Aves,

Vommko, Martmego,

St. Luciafiarbados, St. Vincent ,Bekia,

Granada, Tabago, St. Cbriftopher.

Sect.

II.

Anegada and Sombrero.

Situation of

Anegada and
Sombrero.

Towards the North-Eaft of Porto

<%ico,

at eighteen

Degrees and thirteen Mi-

with Shoals and

Banks, as alfo the neighboring Sombrero, being in the fame Latitude with
Both of them
the other, and fo call'd by the Spaniard, becaufe it appears like a Hat
being uninhabited, harbor abundance of Birds, amongft which is the Hansfeny,
nutes, lies Anegada, feven Leagues long, furrounded

I!i

The Manffeny.

than a
Eagle, and the remarkable Coltbry, whofe Body being a little bigger
about
Wren, is adorn'd with divers colour'd Feathers, refembling a Rain=bowe 5
Feathers are of a
its Neck is a Carbuncle red Circle j the Belly and ends of the

a
ihecw/%.

little

Golden

Chap. XV11I.

<a

M E^I C

A.
,

;*$

<

Golden colour, the Sides of an Ernerauld green, the Bill and Legs black like polifli'd Ebony, the Eyes glittering like Diamonds, on the Head a curious green tuft
of Feathers

Cocks

the

Hens

far exceed the

in

beauty

they

flie

fwifter than

any

Bird whatfoever, and the fluttering of their Wings makes a noife like a Whirlthey live upon the Juice of Flowers, and.efpecially of Cotton-Flowers ;
wind
:

they fmell like A-mber, and build their Nells amongft the thick Leaves of a

Bough, where they

is

cai-not eafily be

made of

curiouily

Bark, and within

found

the Nell:

it

felf

little

open towards the South,

the fine Fibres of the Plant Tite, furrounded with pieces

fill'd

with Cotton, douny feathers, and Silk

fomewhat bigger than an ordinary Pearl.

In the Moneth of May that fort of Crabs

the

of

Eggs oval, are

call'd Tainted Crabs

Violet-colour'd Shells,others yellow,full of purple Specks, and others

ted Streaks)

come creeping down

&n*iet*H

fome have
tawny, with

(for

good order, eat up all the Herbs and

another into the Water to wafh themfelves,

the Hills in

Plants, and go four times one after

which done they return to the Woods 5 but the Females at a fet.time betake themfelves to the Sea, in which they Lay their Eggs, which afterwards being call: on the
Tandy Shore, and warm'd by the Beams of the Sun, produce young Crabs in a

which no fooner come out of the Shell, but creep towards the Woods,
when grown fomewhat bigger they climb up the Rocks, where the old ones keep
in vaft multitudes, and flop up the Entrance of their Holes in fuch a manner, that
they cannot be found out, whileft they cafl: off their Shell, creeping out backward

ihort time,

through an opening at the Tailfcarce difcernable ; thus for a certain time they lie
bare, and ftript of their Shells, being onely cover'd with a thin Skin, which growing harder and harder, becomes at

laft

a firm Shell like the former.

Thefe Crabs are a wholfom Meat, unkfs they feed under the Ma?icheneehTxees >
'

which commonly

are poyfonous*

Sect.

III.

Las Virgines.

NEarrounded by

Somhrero, at eighteen Degrees, lie alfo the

ten others (and

flat

two

Ifles

Las Viigims, fur.

Shelves), without Trees or

frefli

Water

Si

^*5jf

but the Sea thereabouts abounds with Fifh^ and chiefly with the Terroket,

which hath

Scales like a Carp, but greenifh

Eyes furrounded with Silver Circles (hine very bright ^ in ftead of Teeth they have ftrong jaw-bones, wherewith
they Grind all manner of Shellfifh, which are their Prey. Thefe Fifh have an ex*
;

the

and weigh generally twenty Pound.

likewife great plenty of the Vorade, which

cellent Rellifh,

Here
five

is

Foot long,

is

a very large Fifli,

and about

Filhr ^

of little Scales, with a prickly Back, two Fins at the parting of

many under the Belly. This Fifh fwimming very fwift, often-

full

the Head, and as

times follows the Ships that Sail that way.

Sect.

IV.

Anguilla.

Outhward

at eighteen

Degrees and twenty Minutes, on

this fide

of the Line

appears Jnguilla, inhabited by the Englifh, containing ten Leagues in length

It

makes a^pleafant

Profpecl:, becaufe

Situation oi
3

of the many Jw/p4*Trees which grow

upon

Anga.Ua*

ME ^J C

**

?*+
upon
the

whofe Boughs bend towards the Ground

the fame,

like thofe

of an

Wood

Chap. XVIII

A.

Oak

,.

the Flowers both in fmell

firm and grey,

and

fliape

the Leaves are not un.

come near

the Narciffus

may

be neatly Plan'd - the Tree bears frefli

Leaves every
Moneth, anda Fruit like Apples, which generally crack in
their fall from the Tree
'
becaufe of their thin Shell, as hath been already defcrib'd.

Oifuliem

The

fort of Vine

Oculiem, or Vine,

makes

the Shore alfo very pleafant

j the Leaf round and

of Red and Green . the Bark inclofeth a
Violet.colour'd
the Boughs whereof are loaded with Violet
Grapes, which

thick, hath a mixture

Wood

in ftead of Ker-

nels contain hard Stones.

Sect.

V.

Saba.

WEftward from

Situation

Saba,

lies

Saba,

tants

to maintain

The
tom of
The

many

of

Jnguilla, at feventeen

which fhews

Degrees and thirty

at a great diftance like a

five

Minutes,

Rock. The Inhabi!

going thither, found a pleafant Valley,

able

St. Euftathius

Families.

Sea about this Ifland

is

fo clear, that a Stone

may

be feen lying on the botp

-

it.

Amongft many other forts of Fifli, the 2onko is the

moll remarkable, which is
thick and flemy, two Foot long, with a dark
green Back, and white Belly without
Scales
It devours greedily all manner
of Carrion.

Fifli

Benito.

Sect.

Crux.

St.
Situation and

Plantation of St.
firit

Crux.

of
NOrth
which
call

St. Chriftopbers, in eighteen

the Canbbeeans

VI.

Degrees and fome Minutes, lies

St.

Crux

who were

beaten by the Jpalachites, firft inhabiting'

d Ayay, where Columbus found great
oppofition., for the Women
them.'

mot poyfonous Arrows at the Spaniards and before

the Wanders fubmitted
to them, they took many Spamjb Ships,
burnt their Villages, and flay'd many
of
the Spaniards alive. The Soil, though
Hilly, is rich and fruitful.
The Enl,Jb Landing here Jnno 87. found a (landing
5
Pool, whofe Water made
iwell the Faces of thofe who wafh'd
themfelves with the fame before Sun.rhW
(elves

in fuch a
lalt
The feyeral
Changes of
Dominion in
this Ifland.

manner, that they were not able to

found a Fountain of wholfom Water.

fee for feveral

days after but they at

Since the Spaniards deftroy'd the

Inhabitants of this Ifland, it lay defolate for a
conhderable time, notwithftanding
it hath fourteen Leagues in length,
and little
Ids ,n breadth, till at laft the Englijb
and Hollanders took poffeffion of the fame, each
in a peculiar place
but not agreeing together, the
,
Engl.Jb fell upon the Hollanders,
and made themfelves Matters of the
Ifland in 1649. and not long after they were
ierv d in the fame kind for
the Spaniard judging themto be weakned
,
by the Hollar,,
removing from the Ifland, fetSail thither
from forto %o, burnt all the Houfes,
flew the Inhabitants and brought
St. Crux again under the Spanijb Government.

dm

Mean
ards

while the Lord foiney

horn

fitted

St. Crux,

and fucceeded

Bed to their Ships,

left at liberty

out

two

in his

Sail

of French Ships, to drive the Spam-

Enterprise, for the Spamards immediately

fome Holland Prifoners

the Ifland in pofleffion of the

French

who

whom

they had taken,and

ftraightway fent Capfiin Juger thither

as

III

wr~

JL-'fons Ca&arite

tutus, mguvd

3T

..

*irea^

Vta-

MoUandv

uti tncrjines

defcendujiir

Jifh-iluti

miTues

,j/ergu<tm. urlem- ttvpatban,

H, Stxhcnes V&Uandoram,
1 .3emg&im, cai&ednrie
.

TSL.Jbmtts
Xi

Tn^feetv

urhis

.Jemphim Xejocomu.

TA .Temglum,

Bo manei

~S . Jlenafierium, Tranc^aviwrum.

Saeellunv

3? Jiittas ,gui> aj>ettiianur cymittZl&llandiat

Q.

'

Svius

jf&truts

Statu)

iityins

ague

recentis

navium- ante arcem,

IV

'

K,&

-...'
".'

V.f.

'<

'

(,'

Chap. XVIII.
as Governor, who defign'd

M E %^1 C

*A

A.

to build a Fort to fecure the Harbor, but died before the

fame was finifli'd. Toincy fucceeding him, made an end of the Fort, and ftor'd the
Illand with Ammunition and Provifion. The Crofs-Church built there by the Or*
der, and at the Coft of a Company oj?hfhing in Holland, was deliver'd alfo to the
French,

The Trees which grow

ral ufes

fome

here are of four beneficial kinds, ferving for four feve-

yield Fruits of a pleafant tafte, and

wholfom

to eat
;

Granates,

fome excellent

Timber for Building and others Stuff to Dye with.

Oranges, Lemmons, and Citrons, grow better here than in any

others

Medicines

of the World.

Fruit-Trees.

place'

But the Tapaye-Ttcc is particularly worthy of our Defcription j It grows twenty

Foot high, without Boughs, thick and ftreight, hollow and fpungy within, bears

i^*!fi

three-corner'd Leaves hanging on long Stalks, hollow in the middle, and of a Fin*
gers thicknefs
like

on the top round about the Body of the Tree, grow a fort of Fruit

Quinces.

This

fort

of Tapaye-Ttcc grows on

mod

of the Qaribbee

IJlands

but the fecond

no where but on St. Crux ; it hath more Leaves

than the firft, and a yellow Bark with green Streaks, within full of round and
{harp biting Grains ; the Bloflbms thereof yield a fweet fmell
every Moneth the
Tree produces new Fruit, not unlike a Womans Bread (whence it hath its Deno*
mination as before obferv'd,) and rellifhing incomparably well*
fort call'd

Mamoa,

is

to be found

Sect.

Martin

St.

NOt

far from St. Crux, at eighteen

which hath feven Leagues

many

VII.

Degrees and fixteen Minutes,lies

in length

excellent Salt-Mines

and

five in breadth,

and

is

St. Martin,

?tif

famous for

to prcferve which, the Spaniards built a City

and Fort there.

Adrian <Peter

by

and Martyn Thyf^pon,

the Weft-India

Ifles,

Company,

finding their labor

fent

with eleven

Sail

of Ships from the Texel

to Crufe for the Spanijh Plate-Fleet before the Flemmijh

loft, Steer'd

to the Inlet of Todos

los

where finding
and from thence

SanClos

no Enemies Ships, they Sail'd along the Coaft of (Pernambuck,

(meeting with no Prize) to the Caribbee IJlands and Landing on Granada, receiv'd
fome damage from the Inhabitants thence going to (Blanc a, they got above a thoufand Goats, and ten thoufand Lemmons from Hifpaniola
near Cuba they were fur*
pris'd with continual Thunder, Showers, and Storms, which fore'd them to ftand
to and again off the Ifland a confiderable time, where they thought to wait for the
Spanijb Ships that came from Jfymbre de Dios j but being defeated of their aim, by
reafon that Fleet was reinforc'd with a confiderable Supply, they fet Sail Anno
1629. towards the City and Fort of St. Martin, where coming to an Anchor they

found the Place

in this condition

On

the right fide of the City glides a

frefli*

Water River,withmany meancjring Streams from the Mountains

on the left fide,
the Ocean makes a great Opening or Bay, which for a little fpace growing narrower,becomes at laft an Inland Lake from the Countrey oppofite to the City on the
other fide of the foremention'd Inlet, runs a Ridge of Hills toward the Sea on the
utmoft Point thereof (lands a fquare Fort, defended from the force of the Water
with great Stones, pyl'd up at the Foot thereof, cover'd like a Houfe, having on the
top of it a Watch-tower, and not far from it a Chappel
moreover., the Mountain
;

Caharia

*****

ERICA

Chap. XVIII.

and behind the City, with high Precipices 5 not far from
the Mouth of the River appears a ftrong Caftle with feveral Bulwarks,and thereon
along the Inlet is a fair Market-place ; in the middle of the City
great Guns
Calvaria, rifes

on each

fide

ftands a

Church Confecrated

which fronts the Sea

to Dominicns, near

which

there

is

a large Hofpital,

the Cathedral ftands at the farther end of the City,

and

Chappel ; near the great Fort the Governor hath a pretty Palace ; nor are the Francifcan Cloyfters much inferior to any of
the other Structures of this City, which taken altogether bears a good Form, by

on

the declivity of a

Mountain a

fair

reafon of the uniformity of the Streets.

The Ifhnd
by

But Anno 1648. the Spaniard

totally deferted this Ifland,which Michael Adriaenf^pon

fxsffefs'd

the Dutch.

hearing of,brought feveral People from St.EuHathius, and took pofleflion of it

in the Name of the States of the United Netherlands : Yet they enjoy'd not long the

fruiter

went and claim'd thofe Places which were

Ifland ; which the Hollanders allowing them, they

entire Propriety, for the Spaniards again

theirs

upon the firft gaining of the

liv'd

peaceably and quietly together, each having their

own

Churches, Store*

and Njvro's. The Dutch Plantation was maintain'd by the Zealand

Lords, Lam/en and Van $(ee.
There are divers Pools of fait Water in this Ifland, which afford the Inhabitants
houfes, Land,

ftore of Fifli,and efpecially Tortoifes.

The Woods produce wild Hogs,

Pigeons, Turtle.Doves, and Parraquito's re-

fembling a Parrot, and which though

flammaus.

Near

much

more apt

to be taught.

the Salt.pools alfo breed Birds call'd Flammans, not unlike a Jack-daw,

onely differing in Feathers, for they are

turn red

fmaller, are

they feldom flye or

fit

firft

white, next afli-colour'd, and at

laft

alone, but for the moft part in great Flocks in

open places, and Moorifli Grounds

when fome of them

feek for their

Food under

Water, one of them ftands Centinel, and on the leaft noife or appearance of a Man,
gives notice by Chirping to the reft, who hereupon immediately flee away j thole

them lie commonly hid under an Ox Hide.

About the fame Pools breed likewife the American Swallows, with crooked Bills,
S e c t.
Feet like Ducks, black Bodies, white Bellies, and long Tails.
that fiioot

/mttican
Swallows.

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.

Sect.
St.

NEar

3*7

VIII.

Bartholomew.
Degrees,

which be- situadonand

ing about five Leagues in circumfereii<e| is furrounded with Rocks, and <* . **~
was firft Planted by De foincy : It nSS^Ikddightful Profped, becaufe of*
the many Trees which grow on the fame ; amongfl; which the mod noted are the
Soap-Trees, whofe Wood makes the Water Lather, and waflies as well as Soap
but they are of two forts, for in fome this foapy Quality is contained in a round
yellow Fruit, not unlike a Plumb in others a white foft Root fuppliesthe office.
The little Tree Canofia, out of whofe Bark drops a Gum, grows alfo very plea* xtec****
St* Martin, at fixteen

lies

the Ifland St. Bartholomew,

fant, the

Body being divided into

feveral Branches

the Leaves are difcolour'd, be-

ing underneath of adarkGreen,and of a brighter at the top ; the Flower confifts of

five Leaves, and clofes at laft into a kind of Cherry ,full of yellow Juice, and white
Pulp it bloflbms generally in Otlober and December, and bear ripes Berries the two
j

following Moneths

whereby

it

yields

a Fire being

made about

abundance of Gum,

the

chiefly us'd

Tree caufeth the Bark to crack,

in Medicine for its opening and

loofening Quality.

Likewife the TaretuVe-Ttee, which grows along by the Sea-fide and by Pools, is
fufficiently remarkable, for the Boughs thereof grow downwards, twin'd and pleited together fo thick, that in time of War they ferve for Bulwarks,
ceffes

The Parttuve-Ttse.

and aretheRe-

of wild Swine.

Moreover, on

which have

this Ifland, as

on

all

the other hereabouts,

grow

Calabajh-Trees,

Boughs and oval Leaves joyn'd one to another, and bear every
Moneth frefh Flowers and Fruit, grey Flowers, mark'd with green Streaks and
black Spots, and Fruit with hard Shells, full of juicy Meat and flat Seeds, which
thick

being taken out ferve for Boxes, Cups, or

little

Difhes.

Along

T^J^M

I6*
Se*-Star

ME

*A
Along

the Shore

<K1 C

Chap. XVIII

A.

found a fort of Fifli call'd the Sea-Star, which

is a yel
lowifh Fifh, whofe hard Skin full of little Knobs (hoot forth five
Darts or Beams
in ftormy Weather they faften themfelves to the Rocks.
is

alfo

No

Stx- Apple

wonderful

lefs

Prickles,

is

the Fifh call'd the Sea. Apple,

which when the Fifh

curioufly embroidered with

On

dies fall off,

ftill lefTer

and

and being

glaz'd as

it

all

is full oj

nothing remaining but a white Shell,

Holes.

little

the Banks, and near the Rocks,

putting forth

whofe brown Skin

grow alfo

Sea-Trees, whofe thicker* Boughs

Branches, are pleited together very wonderfully,

lefTer

were with Sak-petre, feem greyifh.

Sect.

IX.

Barboude.
Situation of

Arboutbos,

which fome

&&tbHthos,

length,

call Barboude,

others 'Barbada, being five Leagues ia

feventeen Degrees and thirty Minutes, and North-Eaft

Monferrat, in a mallow Sea.
Entfijh
lefted

Here

mo-

by the

cartoons,

lies at

the Englifh Planting,

**'

the Qaribbeeans ofVominico,

in the Night, killing

Women

have from

who

their firfl Arrival

been
much
*. molefted
itivti, U vu by
\jj

for a great while us'd twice a year to

and deftroying

from

whom and whatfoe're

Invade them

they met with, onely

and Children,, with fome other Booty, they carried to Dominko*

$ e c t. X.

Rotonda.
Situation

ef

Rstonda.

THc.l(k%otonda,
from

its

which

round Form^

much

is

for

it rifes

hath receiv'd that Denomination

in the

middle into a

which at a
It lies at feventeen Degrees and ten
MiThe Sea about the fame being very deep, makes a good coming to the Ifland
diftance appears like a Steeple

nutes.

lefTer,

Hill,

with Ships.

Sect.
.

Situation of

fight o(<%ptonda> at feventeen

INhath

Xtvh.

fix

XI.

Nevis.
Degrees and nineteen Minutes,

lies

Nevis,

which

Leagues in circumference.

Out of the middle of the Ifland rifes a

over wooddy roundabout which the Englijh, who Setled there

Mountain all
Awoi6i%. have their Plantations, and have increafed from a fmall number to
above three thoufand, and make a good Advantage of their Sugar, Ginger,
Cotton, and Tobacco, which they Plant there.
They are Governed by a peculiar Governor and a Council, who punifli Thieves,
an<1 al1 manner f Debofhes very feverely
There are alfo three Churches, which on the Sabbath-Day are all throng'd with
,

Good Government

+**

of

People,

who

refort thither for the

The Harbor call'd

red

by a great Fort

Worfhip and Service of God.

and the Store-houfe built about the fame, are fecuof great Guns.

<Bath*Bay,

full

Several Springs on this

[fl

an d afford the Inhabitants good Water.

a Mineral Spring, a place to Bathe in,

which hathbeen found

Here

is

alfo

to cure the fame Di.

ftempers which the Waters at bourbon have done*

Moreover,

Chap. XVIII.

M E%^_

vf

I C

A9,

Moreover,

this liland

abounds with the

Tiftacie

or Piftick-NutSi which

proW On

fmall Trees, with Co ft long Leaves, round at bottom, and ending in three Points
Theie Trees being commonly full of thick Boughs, fervc commodioufly

The pifiitkNut,

for

Hedges

-the

the Rain

and the

Wood

and Leaves fweatamilky Juice, dropping out of the fame with

the yellow Flowers which grow on the fame are like <rlitterinStars
of the Nuts like a Hazle

but

Skin which covers the Kernel

be not pull'd off before they are eaten, they purge to Death.
tafte

if the

But the great Profit which Nevis receives by Nature is attended with fome Inconveniences, which trouble this and all the other Iflands: amongft many maybe
reckoned the Mufticho's, a fort of little Bugs, whofe poyfonous Sting caufes fuch
intolerable Itching, that thofe who are flung by them cannot forbear to fcratch themfelves till the Blood comes, by which their Sores fettering, prove often very
dan-

The Mufiich.

gerous.

who

Alfo the Muringoins,

are fo

much

the lefs dangerous, becaufe they

ways a great noife before they fting.

Wafps hkewife are here very troublefom, but

make

al-

The Mmits*

their Stings are cur'd

with Rue,
of Scorpions are with cites Juice prefs'd out of the fame Animah
The Wood-Lice, which are here in great abundance, have a foft and white Bor
dy, onely the Head, which is mark'd with a black Speck
their Mouthes are fo
as the Stings

Wood-lice.

very hard, that in two hours time they eat through thick Cherts.

mage do

And no

lefs da-*

the Bayettos.

But the

kind of fmall Fleas s that breed in Duft,Afhes,and thelike,and

are of all the moft pernicious
they firft get in under the Nails of the Toes, and
from thence run over all the Body, but efpecially the bottoms of the Feet,
Chigos are a

Gbigtol

where

occafion an Itching, and then eat Holes through the Skin they
make Blifters as big as Peafe in the FlelTi, wherein a fwarm of young
ones'breeding, caufe
Ulcers and rotten Flefh, which mull be eaten away with Aqua-fortis
and' burnt:

they

firft

Allom.

Sect. XIL

<

>.

Euftathius,
Uftathius,

which

is

rather a

Loaf, than an Ifland,

Mountain,

lies at

riling out

of the Ocean

feventeen Degrees and forty Minutes

fcarce five Leagues in circumference, yet received

ny of above
therlands,

fixteen

under the

like a

hundred People,

fent thither

fome while

from the

States

Sugar*
It

fince a

hath

Colo.

of the United {e-

Command

of the Lords Lamp/en and

Qfc. Befides the natural
Strength of the Place, whereby a few are able to
keep off a great number, it is fortified with a ftrong Fort,
which Commands the Harbor. The Inhabitants are very
mduftnous, and make great profit of the Tbbacco which they
Plant.
In the midft of this Ifland is a Mountain
over-grown with Trees, which feems
to end in a Point, and hath about it a
pleafant Plain.

The abundance of Fowls, Hogs and

villous

Goats, afford the Inhabitants ftore of Pro*

for their Storc-houfes are never fo empty,
but that they can fupply their
;

Neighbors Wants.

The want of frefWater Brooks

rr

they fupply with Rain-water, which they pre*

lerve in Cifterns.

to

Though the Air of the Ifland be wholfom, and the Soil

many great Inconveniences for befides the terrible

fruitful, yet

it is

fubjetf

Thunderclaps and Earth-

quakes.

"^ *
**'**'

Si

AMERICA.

37
Terrible

Hurricanes!

Chap. XVIII

quakes, that rend the Ground, the Inhabitants are exceedingly troubled in
Augv.fi
and September with the Winds, which in twenty four hours blow from all Points o:
the Compafs with fuch mighty Gufts, as if they would turn all things into
theii
nrft Chaos.

The

happen but once

Caribbeeans callthefe

Tempefts Hurricanes, which formerly

in feven years, but of late every

two

us'd tc

years, and fbmetimes twice

What damage thefe Winds. caufe is fcarce to be exprefs'd the Sea railing its turbulent Waves up to the Skyes, cafts the Ships on the Shore, which though
in Harbor, are certain to be wrack'd, whileft the Land feems to labor under a
general Ruine, whole Woods being rooted up by the fame, or at leaft bereav'd
of
Boughs and Leaves the Corn is beaten down, the Plants blafted, Houfes turn'd
in a year.

Mountains rent afunder, and fometimes pieces of Rocks blown into

the Sea. Before the Hurricanes there are feveral fore-runners, which give notice
of
their fudden approach, Yt^. the Sea on a fudden is fo calm, that the leaft
motion is
perceived
not
the Birds flye from the Mountains into the Valleys, where they
;
lay themfelves flat on the Ground
and the Rain which falls is bitter and fait.
topfie-turvy,

Charles de%ochfort obferv'd, that in his

ing loft in a Hurricane before

fands of Fillies were feen

St.

time fome Ships laden with Tobacco beChrifiophers , Toon after the Tempeft ceafed, thou,

fwimming with

their Bellies

upwards, intoxicated no

doubt with the Tobacco.

Sect.

XIII.

Antego.
Situation of

Amtgo.

Etween

and Montfenat, at fixteen Degrees and eleven Minutes,

lies
Jntego, being feven Leagues long, and about fix broad
It is dangerous to
great
with
at
Ships,
come
becaufe of the many Rocks which lie before it,
and remained the longer uninhabited, becaufe of the want of frefh Water
yet at
laft the Biglijh taking pofleffion of it, digg'd Pits, and
made Troughs to catch and
2{eYis

preferve Rain-water in, fo that

it is

now

inhabited by at leaft eight hundred Peo*

who live on Plants, Venifon, and Fifli.

Upon the Sea-fhore appears oftentimes the

pie,
The Sword'
Fifh.

Sword-filh, which hath no Scales,

but a grey Skin, and white Belly, rough like a Fyle, a flat Head, two Fins
on each
fide,

tion

two on the Back, and one in ftead of a Tail, with which it makes a fwift mo=
the Sword of it is a long Bone, arm'd on each fide with twenty
k\m white

and ftrong Teeth.

This

Fifli ftriving

other Fifties whatfoever, even with the

open

near his Eyes arq

two

Noftrils,

to be Chief of the Sea, Encounters with all

Whale

whofe Belly he often rends

out of which he blows the Water he drinks
himfelf,

into the Air,

Sect. XIV.

Montferrat.
Ontferrat, lying juft at the feventeenth

Hill beyond Barcelona,

whofe fhape

Degree,

is

fo call'd

from

this Ifland reprefents off at

a Spanijh

Sea

It is
;

about three Leagues in length, and almoft as much in breadth,

and
very Mountainous, except a little towards the Eaft, and
as much Weftward.

The %/^have

Church

here, iln'd in the in-fide with Cedar,

which

is

this

Ifland produces in great abundance.

Aifo

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.

Alfo the Jcajou-Ttcc, which grows an exceeding heighth, with mighty Boughs,

many

wholfom

But there are two forts of the

dcajou-Ttce, the one differing from the other in tallnefs of Body and Colour
of
which. the raoft efteenVd is the red and fweet-fmelling, which is not fubjecT: to any
decay for that which is white, and yields Gum when cut, is of a lefs value.
under which

judge

very

it

to fleep

The Jca]eu
Tree.

The AcomM

is

alfo

no way

inferior in bignefs to the Jcajou,

Plumb

fwarthy Leaves, and yellow Fruit not unlike a

which bears long

but becaufe of their extra,

The AetmttTrtfc

ordinary bitternefs they are not eatable, onely the wild Pigeons at a certain time

of the year feed on them, after which their

Bark when cut, runs a milky Juice.

The

Cyprefs-Trees

when

becomes

Flefli

from the

bitter alfo
5

plan'd, yield a plcafant

The Cyprtfi.

Marble colour to the Eye, and

Tree.

a delightful fragrance to the Scent.

The

The Iron^

Iron-Tree, with fharp-pointed Leaves, crack'd near the Stalk, bloflbms in

March and September-, after the Violet Bloflbms follow a black kind of Fruit like a

Cherry, being an excellent Food for Birds

but cut

down changes

its

colour, yet

is

fo

the

Wood

hard that

it

whilft flourifhing

is

Tree.

red,

never decays.

Moreover the Musk-Herb yields a fweetfmell, and grows like Brambles without Thorns between long dusky Leaves hang yellow Flowers, which afterwards
become Cods full of Seeds, that fmell exactly like Musk.

The MuikHerb.

Sect. XV.

G uadalupe.
GUadalupe
grees,

or Gardelupe, formerly call'd Carricueira, lying at about fixteen De-

and containing

and nobleft of the

nel

wherefore one part

is

fixty

Leagues in circumference

(for

two by

it is

the biggeft

narrow Chan-

Qar'ibbee Iflands,) is

divided in

call'd Grand-Terre,

and the other properly Guadalupe

whofe Eaftern Point, nam'd

Cabes-Terre,

and

its

Weftern,

situationof

call' d'Bajfe'Terre,

are both

inhabited by the French.

from very low

Skye, fome whereof are over-

Several high Mountains, efpecially towards the Center, ftart up

Grounds, with

grown with
At

their

Crowns towards

barren

the

MeuntaiB.

Trees.

the Feet of

fome of

the

Mountains

are large Plains

water'd by fweet

Streams which formerly invited the Spanifi Fleets thither to water.

There is alfo a fulphurous Mountain, which fmoaking continually gives the
tafte

of Sulphur to the Streams which flow about the fame.

This Ifland boafts likewife feveral boyling Springs which cure the Dropfie, and
all other Diftempers proceeding from Colds.

Towards each of the two fore-mention'd

abundance of Tortoifes, and

all

Points, are large Gulphs that produce

manner of Fifh, and amongft others one

known by Name, which is generally about

fort

strange fife

not

four Foot long, having a fharp and big

Head, with glittering Eyes, a Back ftreak'd with blue and green, and a Belly half
white and half red, eight yellow Fins, and a broad Tail, with which it fwims exceeding fwift.

Near

the Shore

der in the

Middle

fwim
at

the Sharks, an ugly Sea Monfter,

once

their
;

Head

is

which

hard and prickly, their

bites a

flat

Man

afun-

The Sh* k *

Mouthesopen-

ng difcover three rows of Teeth.

After this

Fifli

fwims generally

the 'Pi/ot-Fifli, or<3{ambos,

peckled, that Nature feems herein to excell

Nn

which

is

fo curioufly

whatever can be reprefented by

z

the

artificial

Fife.

of

37
artificial

The Brain of this

The difccvf rv
of Guadalupe

move

Pencil) and

was

Fifh

is

ME

<K I C A.

Chap. XVIII.

either fwifter or flower, according as the

Shark

leads.

judg'd exceeding good againft the Gravel and Stone.

Lord 1635. by the French, under

the Command of the Lords Du Tkjfis and T)e Olive, and after them one of the Captains of St. Cbrijlophers
Since which the Champain Ground being Till'd and MaGuadalupe

difcover'd in the Year of our

firft

nur'd, brings forth in great plenty, Rice, Mai%, Manicock, and Potato's.

Father %aymond Breton got polTeffion of the fruitfulleft part of the Ifland for the
Reformed Jacobines, or Wlnte-Fryers, and fince the prefent Governor Monfieur De
Ho-fr ell Cental fo for the Jefuits
lies in Bajfe*Terre,

two

is

new City,which

Carmelites 3 to build Cloyfters in a

alfo built full

of Store^houfes and Dwelling-houfes

Stories high.

The
The

and which

and

Caftle,

which

lies

near the City, hath four Bulwarks, with great Guns.

The next neighboring Mountain is alfo crown'd with a Garrifon'd Fort.

The Countrey hereabouts bears Moubane -Trees, which produce yellow

ilfo.

&*#-Tree.

Tjie Cgtbary.

oval

Plumbs with great Stones, wherewith the Hogs are exceedingly fatned.
The Corbary, which grows higher than the Moubane, hath a hard fhelly Fruit in
which lies a douny Pulp of a Saffron colour The Gum which drops out of the
:

Tree

hardned by the Sun, and becomes very clear, wherefore the

make ufe of it for Arm rings, and other Ornaments.
is

Caribbeeans

Sect. XVI.

Defeado.
Situation of
Defends.

TEn
Veins

Leagues to the North Weft of Guadalupe, and at fixteen Degrees and ten
Minutes, appears Defeado, or Defirado, like a Galley, of which the NorthEaft end hath alow Point; to the Northward lie Sand=Hills full of red
It was fo call'd by Chrifiopher Columbus in his fecond Voyage, from
obtain-

ing of his Defire,

dor the
1 he Guam.

Land

fir ft

The

it

being the firftof the

Caribbees

which he

diicover'd, as St. Salva-

in all America.

wholly barren, and deftitute of Trees, and breeds the amphibious

Creatures call'd Guano's, which in ftcad of Fins to fwim withal, have four Feet
the biggeft of them are fifteen Inches long
their Skin full of little Scales mines
like Silver, and in the Night they make a loud and flirill noife from the Holes in
Soil

is

the Rocks.
The frigates.

On

this defolate Ifland are

which have

The lauvtsl

Body

an innumerable company of Fowls,

Duck, but

call'd

Frigates,

Wings, and flye fwifter fo foon as they

perceive a Fifh in the Water, they falling upon the fame, catch them in their Claws,
and efpecially devour abundance of flying Fifh.
But the FauVes, which are much leaner, are no way fo fwift
they refemble a
a

like a

larger

Moor-Hen, have

Feet like Ducks, Bills like a Snipe, and in rainy Nights reft on.

the Ships in ftead of Rocks, fo that

many

times they become an eafie prey to the

Mariners.

Sect.

XVIL

Marigalante.
Situation of

Marigalante.

Ot

far

from hence,

like a

On

Wood

at fifteen

in the

Degrees and forty Minutes, appears Marigalante ,

Water.

the South.Eaft fide, about half a League

1

from the Shore,

lie

black

Stones

w
Chap. XVIII.
full

<tl

of white Specks. Wefterly the Shore

Monfieur Dc Howell
kill'd

ter

M E%^I C

by the

The Woods

375

very plain, whither the Governor

is

fome People from that Ifland, of which twenty were

who had Gardens and Fifh-ponds thereon Not long af*
Fort here, and Garrifon'd the fame with Frenchmen.

fent

Caribbeeans,

which Howell

A.

built a

afford a delightful fight to the Eye, as alfo the

Cinamon/Xrees,

whofe Leaves never wither, a fwect fmell to the Nofe.

The Ocean hereabouts produces plenty of Lamantins, which arc dry'd like Ha- Wev&is*
m*ntm.
berdine. This Fifli grows eighteen Foot long and feven thick the Head thereof is
like a Cows, with little Eyes, and a thick brown Skin, rough and fpeckled in fome
.

and hath two

the Rocks and Banks

on Weeds, which grow on

the Females bring two young ones at a time, which fuck for
fome days their Flefh palatable and wholfom, is ftreak'd with Fat, which when
melted never putrifies they areoftner taken in the Mouthes of Rivers than in the

places,

Feet in ftead of Fins

little

feeds

it

Ocean.

About

this iQe, as well as the reft

of the

Caribbees, are Fifties call'd

Sea-Devils, The smJh*

four Foot long, and proportionably thick, their Skins rough 5 their Heads

flat,

their

Backs arm'd with Prickles, little black Eyes, wide Mouthes full of Teeth, and two
Tusks that flick out of the fame, four Fins, a long flit Tail, with which they fwim
exceeding fwift, above their Eyes ftick broad fharp Horns turn'd towards the Backthe Flefli

The

is

deadly poyfon.

Becune,

which

is

upon a FiQi like a mad Dog, biting

Bbdy> which occafions prefent Death its Flefli

eight Foot long, falls

great pieces of the Flefh out of the

The**

is

likewife poyfon.

Sect. XVIIL

Todos San&os
Southward
defolate

from

Guadalupe,

and

at the

fame Latitude With

Marigatante, lie four

Situatioii

of

Hides Saniltt

Ifles,

call'd Todos Santtos,

and on

their Shores a fort

of Shell-fifh

call'd

from the refemblance of a Tongue the Shells whereof the Indians

Sound in ftead of Horns when they give an Alarm as alfo another fort call'd For*
celenes, of which the moft efteem'd are without of a Carnation, and within of a
Lambis,

Curious forts
of Sbelis.

Silver, or Skye-colour

with a pale Blue, and

mix'd with Golden Beams.

The next

are the Black, mix'd

Veins. But the moft remarkable Shells are thofe, whofe

little

Back Nature hath mark'd in fuch a manner with Mufical Notes, that one might
almoft exprefs a Tune by them.
Moreover, it would amaze the Beholder, to fee the Mother*ofPearl Oyfter mo*

Mo4h<rr-of*

Pearl

ving

Foot of a Rock

Sun they appear aboye the Wa

ter, and gape for the Dew, of which they have no fooner received a Drop, but they
clofe their Shells, and fall to the Ground again.
at the

for at the Riling of the

Sect.

De

WEftward from
lies

the

Ifle

XIX.

*<

Aves.

Todos Santlos, at fifteen Degrees

De

and forty

five

Minutes,

Befides Ducks, Pluvers, Moor-hens, Geefe, and the like

Fowls

by the Hands of Men, which are very ftrange

Nn

situ*ion <*

Dt

Aves.

(that fuffer thcmfelvesto.be catch'd

Oy^

Iters.

to

dvtt,

AMERICA.

374totliem) there are here alfo

Aigrettes.

Craw-fort!.

many

rare

forts

Chap.

XVIIL

of Birds, as the white Birds call'd

which are fomewhat bigger than Crows, with red Bills and Feet, and
carious Plumes on their Heads ; they often flye a great way off at Sea.
The large Bird call'd The CraTo-fowl, which feeds on Fifh, hath a thick Head,. 2,
loner flat Bill, hollow Eyes, and a fhort Neck, under which hangs the Maw, big

Aigrettos,

enough to contain a Pail full of Water : On the Trees along the Sea=fide they
watch for Fifh which fwim near the top of the Water, and by their attentivenefs on
their Prey, are eafily (hot themfelves.

Here islikewife the Bird

Ann.

bling a Parraquito

their

have mining skye-'Colour'd

more refemlong Tail confifts of divers coloured Feathers, fome

Heads, Backs, and Necks, their Bellies and Wings of a
Arras, of the bignefs of a Pheafant, but

are fo flout, or rather fo fimple, that if they are not hit with the

pale

Yellow they

firft

Shot, they will flay for a fecond

They

alfo learn to talk, but

not fo di-

which are no way inferior in beauty to the Arras nay exceed

Monfieur du Montell above mentioned, feeing one at Corajfao, dethem very much
fcribes it after this manner
" It deferves to be numbred (faith he) amongft the mofl beautiful Birds in the
iC
World I took fo particular notice of it, having had of them in my Hands maii
ny times, that I have the Idea's of it ftill frefli in my Memory. Under the Belly,
u Wings, and Neck, it was of a waving Juror a- colour, the Back, and one half of
ct
the Wings, of a very bright Skye-colour, the Tail and greater Feathers of the
stinctly as the Canides,

Defcriptioii

f the Caniiis.

Wings were mix'd with a fparkling Carnation, diverflfi'd with a Skye-colour,

as upon the Back a Grafs-green and mining Black, which very much added to
a the Gold and Azure of the other Plumage But the moft beautiful part was the
cc
Head, cover'd with a Murrey Doun, checquer'd with Green, Yellow, and a pale
"Blue, which reach'd down wavingly to the Back The Eye-lids were white,
tl
It had upon
and the Apple of the Eye yellow and red as a Ruby Set in Gold
a the Head a certain Tuft or Cap of Feathers of a Vermilion Red, fparkling like a
" lighted Coal, which was encompafs'd by feveral other lclTer Feathers of a Pearl*
Hi
I

51

"

colour.

"

was much
" more for its Familiarity and Innocency for though it had a crooked Beak, and
<c
that the Claws with which it held its Meat and brought it to its Beak, were fo
l
(harp as to take away whatfoever it faftned upon, yet was it fo tame as to play
" with little Children and never hurt them and when one took him into his Hand,
cc
He had
he fo contracted his Claws, that the fharpnefs of them could not be felt
" this Quality of a Dog, That he would Lick with his fhort and thick Tongue
If it

were recommendable for

all thefe

extraordinary Ornaments,

it

who made much

of him and gave him fomething he

put his Head to

rc

thofe

"

Cheeks to Kifs and Carefs them, and expreffing his Acknowledgments by

a thoufand pretty Insinuations, he would fuffer himfelf to be put into what pofture one would, and took a certain pleafure in diverting thofe he thought his

II

cc
li

lik'd,

their

Friends

But

as he

was mild and

tractable to thofe

who were

kind to him, fo

was he mifchievous and irreconcileable tofuch as had injur'd him, and he could
"diftinguifli them from others, and make them feel the fharpnefs of his Beak

ci

6i

and Claws.
pratled in the Dtttch,Spamfl?,a.nd hidian Languages, and in the lad he fungAirs
He alfo imitated the Cries of all forts of Poultrey and other
as a natural Indian

e'

He

u Creatures about the Houfe he call'd all his Friends by their Names and Sirn names, flew to them as foon as he faw them, efpecially when he was hungry
if
" they had been abfent, and that he had not feen them a long time, he exprefs'd
j

"'"his

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.

?75

by certain merry Notes when he had [ported himfelf till

ei
they were weary of him, he went away, and perch'd himfelf on the top of the
" Houfe, and there hctalk'd, fung, and play'd a thoufand tricks, laying his Feahis joy at their return

thers in order,

<c

kept

and drefling and cleaning himfelf with

for not onely the

Bread commonly us'd

his

Beak.

He was

eafily

in that Illand, but all the Fruits

and Roots growing there, were his ordinary Food ; and when he had more gi" ven him than he needed, he carefully laid up the remainder under the Leaves

f*

u wherewith

Houfe was cover'd, and took it when he had need. In a word, I

never faw a more loving or more amiable Bird ^ 'twas a Prefent for any Prince,
if he could have been brought over the Sea, This Bird had been brought from

f*
iC

the

cc

the Qaribke Iflands to

ic

Colony, which

Monfieur ^odenborch, then Governor of the Fort and Dutch

in the Ifland otCoraJfao,

is

Sect. XX.

D ominico.

T fifteen Degrees and thirteen Minutes, lies the Ifland Vomnico. fo call'd be.
r
cauie

it

much

deep Valleys

01
was dilcover d on a Sunday,
i

lefs

> i

situation of

Domnitt,

about thirty Leagues long, and not

in breadth, and diverfifi'd with high Mountains, and exceeding

of which the

Caribbeeans that

dwell there

relate,

That formerly

in

one of the deepeft of them, a huge and monftrous Serpent had an Army of Serpents to defend an invaluable Carbuncle which he had in his Head 5 which being
cover'd with a thin Skin, was onely difcernable when he drank or play'd, for then
the luftre thereof lightned the

When

firft

whole Valley.

the French approach'd this Coaft with their Ships, the Iflanders go-

ing Aboard in their Canoos, barter'd Provisions for Coral, Cryftal, and other
Trifles.

On

grows the famous Manchenile-Ttcc, which bears long Leaves,

'
O
and fweet fmelling Fruit, ftreak'd red, and tailing like a Hazle-Nut, but bringing
a deadly Sleep upon thofe that eat of it
it feldom rots though it fall into the Sea,
this Ifle alfo

"**!
uiU
Tree

or any frefh Rivers, but

is

crufted over with a Shell refembling Salt-petre, and poy-

fons the Water infuch a manner, that all the Fifh dying, are Teen floating

upon

it

in|he Trunk and Boughs thereof is a milky Juice, which dropping upon the Body,
caufes it to break out in Scabs, and if it chances to touch the Eyes, it takes away the
Sight for nine days

and not

lefs

hurtful

is

the Moifture

which drops from the

Tree.

The Caribbeeans

dip their Arrows in this poyfonous Juice, againfl: which Nature

hath provided an excellent Medicine, being asfolloweth

There

amongftthe other Reptiles of America a fort of Snails, which creep a Medicine

into the Legs of dead Crabs, to keep themfelves from the Weather
when taken p^yfonofrfw
Mamhenilf.
they make a noife, and being laid before the Fire they come forth
the Water
fqueez'd out of them, or the Oyl drawn from them by the Sun, cures the Parts
poyfon'd by the Mancbenile*Ttcc.
are

Sec

1%

i~<l

<&A

M E %I C
Sect.

Chap. XVIII.

A.

XXI.

Martinico.

OPpofite

by

to Dom'mko lies Martinico,

the

lying at fourteen Degrees and thirty Scruples,

circumference

It

-,

nam'd Matunina, which

Indians

is

forty five Leagues in

appears at a diftance like three Mountains, the higheft

whereof refembles a Hat, and

is

feen in

all

parts of the Iiland, which,

on the "North

where three Rocks deny accefsfor Landing, feems to be divided into three Ides.
The Qaribbeeans have been fore'd, after many bloody Battels, to furrender up this
But before they were well fetled, the Caribbeeans marching
over exceeding high Mountains, deep Concavities, and thick Woods, fell upon
them with all the Rage imaginable the Reafons of which fome attribute to Z)
Ifland to the French

(parquet,

who

in prejudice

nada and Alou%ia

of the Martinic an

Caribbeeans, fent

Frenchmen over

to Gra-

up Arms to revenge the Death of

Vincent, who were deftroy'd by the French with poyfon'd

others fuppofe, that they took

Countrey-men on St.
Brandy. But the French furnifliM with new Supplies, took furlicient Revenge y
For they drove the Qaribbeeans out of their Houfes, and chae'd them into Woods
their

and Deferts.

The

over-grown with Trees, are Receptacles for wild Beafts,

Hogs and Serpents. The other Hills are Till'd and Sow'n, though not

Hills that are

efpecially

without great trouble.

The Tobacco which grows on

in the Valleys, or in the
The Ifland
divided into
five

Wards.

the fteep

Afcentsmuch exceeds that which grows

Tracts of Land fhaded with Trees.

(being fent from St.

by the Lord T>ej*

nambuc) Setled themfelves on this Ifland, under the Command of his Deputy t>u
Font, they divided it into five Wards, feparated from that part of the Ifle which
Each Ward hath a Church, or at leaft a
was inhabited by the antient Natives
Chappel, Armory, Store-houfes, and Dwelling-houfes, like an fynire Village.
The firft Ward is call'd Tyloot, from a Caribbeean Captain^ who was very familiar
with Du Tarquet, and informed him of his Peoples Defigns.
The fecond, nam'd Capot, is wafh'd by a River of the fame Denomination, and
Since the French, Anno 1635.

Chr'tftophers

many fruitful Plains.

The third retains the Caribbeean Name,

hath

being Carbet, fignifying a Publick Stru-

which they us'd to refortto Feaft, or hold Councils of War not far from
which the Governor dwelt in a Stone Houfe Near the Harbor ftood alfo an Ar
mory in a Valley,water'dby a frefh River which falls out of the Mountains, fhaded
cture, to

But fincethe Governor gave this and

many other fair Buildings to the Jefuits, he remov'd to the fourth Ward, call'd
St. Peter, where he built a Caflle, and furnifh'd the fame with Brafs and Iron Guns
with Trees and Gardens

full

of Rarities

to defend the Harbor.

Stones-throw from the Governor's Homfe

on the
of Marble and Free-ftone, and

lies

the Jefuits Cloyfter,

Banks of a pleafant Stream, built very artificially

having a pleafant Profpect over the River, and adjacent Gardens, beautified with
the choiceft of Flowers, Fruits, and Trees j and alfo a Vineyard, out of which they
prefs a confiderable quantity of

The lafl; Ward,

Wine.

call'd Treacheur, extends Eaft

and Weft, fome parts whereof fwell

into high Mountains, at the Feet whereof ftand fair Structures

others fink into

low Valleys or SrtamiM*

Between

i!

S-*W

Between

MEC

tA

Chap. XVIII.

I C A.

377

the French Settlements and the Caribbeeans, runs an

whofe Shores grows abundance of the Mahot-Trec, which

the top down to the Ground. The Bark of this Tree ferves
alfo us'd to tie

wherefore

up Tobacco

mod of the

The bed Harbor

the
5

Wood

it

is

Arm of the Sea.

full

i*eMj>t-

along
O

Jxee.

of Boughs from

in (lead

of Ropes,and

is

durable, and good for Building,

feif is

Houfes built on Hills are of this Timber.

for Ships

between the Wards

is

from the Winds by high Hills.

Not far from the Inlet of the

Salt- pits,

and

Carbet

St. Peter,

defended

appears about half a League off at Sea, a

The

z>/-

rnilL

Rock c&WdTbe Diamond, being

and

innumerable multitude of Birds,

a Receptacle for an

efpecially wild Pigeons.

Beiides the Streams that in the rainy Seafons run through the Dales and
Vana's, there are ten Rivers,

which

falling

from

the Mountains, glide through

6V
the

Sometimes they fwell in fuch a manner, that over-flowing

which Inconvenience hath
their Banks they wafh down the Trees and Houfes
taught the. French to build their Houfes on Hills or rifing Grounds.

Valleys into the Sea.

>

The good

Situation of this Ifland hath invited

many

Families thither.

Sect. XXIL
St.
Lucia (by the French, Alou^je)

Lucia,
fo call'd becaufe

is

ST.thirteenth of December, Dedicated in the Kalendar to

who was

burnt at Sjracufe

It lies

difcover'd

situation of

Southerly from Dominico at thirteen De-

ken'd at a great diftance by

grees and forty Minutes, and

is

the moft Eafterly of which

higher than the other.

is

was

on the
the Virgin Martyr Lucia
y

it

two

fiery

Mountains

At the Feet of thefe two Mountains lie pleafant Valleys, fliadow'd by dole
Woods, and moiftned by clear Springs near which heretofore a fmall number of
5

Caribbeeans dwelling, maintain'd themfelves

and painted

their Bodies

with Fifhing

they went Hark naked,

with red Oker, and drew a Vermilion Stroke from their

Ears to their Nofes.

An

Englifl)

Ship fent to Guinee to fupply the Plantations there, Landed fixty

who were

fix

by the Inhabitants; but when Henry

Jacob/on Lucifer putting into theBay of Lucia to Water there, Anno 1617. Landed to
difcover the Ifland, he found neither Man nor Houfe, nor any thing but a barren

mutinous Perfons here,

Soil

all kill'd

yet notwithstanding Dufarquet fent his

Deputy

^ojfelan

with a Colony to

Plant in this Ifland.

Sect.

XXIII.

Barbados.

THe

which was Planted by thzEnglifr, Anno 1617. lies be* Ijjgjjj

tween thirteen and fourteen Degrees, and hath twenty five Leagues in
circumference,and fomewhat more in length than breadth,and is fupply'd
Ifland Barbados,

with a frefli^Water River, and feveral Pools.

The Ground

beincr fruitful in

the

producing of Tobacco, Cotton, Ginger, and efpecially Sugar, invited many Peo*
pie to Settle there, infomuch that in a fliort time it could fhew twenty thoufand
Inhabitants befides Negro Slaves.

The Trees which grow on

this Ifland,

arenotonely delightful, but profitable 5

amongft

of

57 S

MER

CA.

XVIIL

Chap.

amongft which the ^cuccu is one, with {harp Leaves, white Carnation Flowers
like Stars, which hang by Clutters at the end of the Boughs, and after a while turn
to a Cod full of vermilion Kernels
The Juice dry'd in the Sun and kneaded into
Balls, is of a great value. Of the Bark of this Tree they make ftrong Ropes
and
the Root is very wholfom, and of a pleafant tafte.
Moreover, amongft the Infects that breed here, there are a fort of Flyes worthy
of a fhort Defcriprion the Caribbeeans call them Cayouyou, being about the bianels
:

The Fly
youpu.

C.?-

-,

two ftrong Wings, and under them thinner, which they ne-.
ver fpreadabroad but when they flye, and then they carry fuch a luftre in them,
that they give as much Light in the Night as a lighted Candle, (their Eyes alfo
at the fame time glittering like Fire) making no noife when they flye
they
of a Beetle

they have

on the Juice of Flowers, and are fo fmooth, that they are very apt to flip
through ones Fingers, and when they find themfelves to be taken, they hide their
feed

glittering

The

Wings under

the other.

Hands and

Indians tie thefe Flies to their

Light in the Night; and anoint their Bodies

all

Feet, fo to

over

have the benefit of their

(at certain

Solemnities where-

Candles are forbidden) with the Juice fcjueez'd out of them, which caufes them
to fliine like a Flame of Fire
They catch them with a piece of Wood which they
in

move in

the Air,

Light vaniflies

But

as to

whereupon

fit,

are taken with a

Hat

but their

if they are kill'd.

what may

farther be added concerning this Ifland,

we cannot

chief of our Plantations,

.

the Flyes going to

being one of the

better fatisfiethe curiofitv ofthofe

who defire

true Information of all things that concern that Place, than

who

Letter from an intelligent Perfon

Robert 9js&\ of

no older Date than May

Condition of the

Ifland, the Buildings

Planters fince they

Countrey
rifhing

firft

poffefs'd

it,

their chief Trade confifts,

Commerce, and what-ever

by inferring Vertowj a

hath been long rcfident there, Vi%. Colonel

1670. by which the prefent State and

31.

and other Improvements made there by the

what Commodities of the Growth of the

their Strength, Militia, Government, and flouin

may

be clearly

concerning an Englifli Atlas, and having read

Dr. Hey-

elfe is

material to be imparted,

underftood.

R,
Have lately feen your Propofal

S
Colonel Rjcb
Defcrip-

his

tion of th;

Barbados.

linV 'Book of the Chorography and Hiftory of

and Enlarged, Trinted

'he

Caribbee

Anno

Iflands,

efpecially

ant more than eleven years.

1.

2.
3.

The

Ifland

is

1666.

He

of

Ifud
this

the whole World,

his third Edition

him Very frort and erroneous

If and of Barbados, therein

Qorretled

in his Defcription

I have

of

been an Inhabi

faith,

feventeen or eighteen Miles in compafs.

On the South 'tis furnifh'd with a large and commodious Harbor.

The chief Commodities are Tobacco, and a kind of courfe Sugar, call'd Barwhich muff be quickly fpent, or 'twill melt to nothing.
That this Ifland is worth all the Plantations made by the Enghf?, and yet that
we hold it at the Courtefie of the Spaniard) without whofe Leave and Liking,

bados Sugar,

4.

not of Force to hold

it.

This Defcription of Dr. Heylin'j,

in it

\ng\1H1 Nation, which makes me prefume

ing onely

aimd

This Ifland

at the Truth,

c/Barbados

felf Very falfe,

to trouble

the North. and E.tfl file of

alfo

you with my

much

tfWri

to the

Difonor of

the

ObferVations, wherein ha-

you pall not have caufeto doubt of being mifguided.

is

jeated in thirteen Degrees and twenty Minutes,

*wo Miles, and in breadth fourteen and an half-

is

it,

It is naturally fortifi'd

where no Ship may fafely Anchor, onely

in

length twenty

with %ocks and Shoals

in

t"tiio

or three places

J mall

AMERICA.

Chap. XVIII.
out and in to

On

yj9

and Wefterly part,

the South -Ea

ft

along a

is all

fmall (Boats

may go

Poad where

Ships may ^tde at Anchor, but more efpecially in four chief'Places, Pjads and 'Bays

Fiji?.

it

thereof.

The principal P(oad

J(land near

Bay

or

Center , and

its

pidefafely from

all

but

Leeward. Here
St.

no"to

Bay, and

Carlifle

a good (Road, inhere five

is

lieth

on the South-Weft pari

hundred Ships of any 'Burthen may

whence

it

is

alfo the chief Town for

lies

Windward,

that we call the Eaft parts

Trade,

call'd

Michaels, and having two Forts, anfwering each

formerly the

other,

that an
the

Enemy

Town

Nedhams

keeping out of

Point,

and Lime

joyyis to

the

muft come full

Platform jofis

the
;

the

to

Leeward part of the Town,

again

all

ft

Wind.

the

Windward

lies

the

call'd

is

Charles

do the Ships or

to

Town

is

built ftrong

alfo the other

Which are well fortifi'd and ftor'd with great

thirty

Chain

in length, and fif*

large Buildings ,whereof the moft are of Stone and

call'd

Weft

Bridge-Town,

This Fort

part of the

Guns. The Townconfifts offeVeral Streets and Lanes, being about

teenm breadth, and hath many fair and

The fecond P^ ad and Town is lately

come

Fort, cannot {probably)

in or

the

Windward of the Bay and Town, fo

lying out in the Sea to

Qommand of this

injury, for that they

ivith Stone

Fort

on

and

and a Platform between,

the
Fort
which Commands the %pad, and Defends the Town
firft and chiefeft

Fort (landing

of the

but South and Wefterly Winds , which feldom in thefe Parts happen, they ge-

nerally blowing Eafterly,

parts

call'd

is

Charles-Town,

fituate on

Lime.

Oyfters*Bay, and

Windward of St. Michaels, having alfo two Forts and one Platform ;
two Forts ftand the one to Windward, and the other to Leeward of the Town and %oad, and
about two Leagues

to

the Platform in the middle,

all

well furniftid with great

Guns.

And

although this

Town

be not a

Place of much %efortfor Shipping, yet here are many confiderable Store-houfes for Trade, wherein
Monethly are kept the Qourt of Common-Pleas for that Precinct, and Weekly Markets.

The

is lately call'd

St.

James's, formerly

the

Hall, and

is

about two

Leeward of St.Michaels, hath one Very large Platform,and is otherwife well for*
with Breaft -works ; and although few Ships come to Pjde here, yet in this Town is main*

Leagues
tifi'd

P^ad and Town

third

to the

tain'd a great

Trade with the Inhabitants adjacent

mon-Pleas for

lieth

here alfo

is

kept Monethly

Court of

the-

Com-

this Precintl.

The fourth <%oad and ToWn

which

about four Leagues

To

ftrongly fortifi'd.

this

is lately call'd

Leeward of

to

Little Briflol,

St.

Sprights.Bay,

but formerly

Michaels, and hath two Forts Well

built,

and

Place come many Ships, efpeci ally from the City o/Briftol, the which

here Pj.de, unload and reload,

it

being the next gre ateft Place

ofPepute

Michaels

to St.

in the

whole Ifland.
This Ifland

is

divided mto eleven Pariftm, and hath in

and being fubdivided

into divers

it

fourteen Churches and Chappels,

Plantations, fmall and great, hath Sugar-Works accordingly,

with fair and large Buildings made of Stone and Brick, the which generally are

pie aj'ant

Babi*

and delightfully fituated, moft having pie afant ProfpeBs to the Sea and Land.
The Inhabitants of this Ifland are Englifh, Scotch, and Irifli, and fume, but Very few of
and now dwell as
the Dutch and French Nation, mho formerly liv'd here a time of Servitude,

tations,

Free-men, fome bytheir Trades, and others on Plantations

Trade

as

to's and

Merchants, they having obtain d Licence from

Negro's which

[vice, uponfearch,

alfo

Bu Majefty fo

to

todo

1'iVe

befides

here

and

Mulat-

number of which fome years

be fixty thoufand Per fons, viz. forty thoufand Whites, and

are here kept, and accounted for Slaves,

Were found

feme few Jews

t(xe

twenty thoufand Blacks.

The ftandmg Militia of this

Ifland that are in readinefi to meet together on all occafions,

and

oftWo Regiments of Borfe, and five

in jome
Regiments of Foot, wherein feveral Companies have near two hundred in a Company, and
horn little
Troops more than a hundred Borfe in a Troop ; by all which you may eafily apprehend
the Spanithere is in that Saying, That we hold this Ifland at the Courteiie of

which at other times are often and WellDifciplm'd,

confift

of truth

axds,mhenrthofefewEng\i{hin Jamaica ^ive

the

Spaniards fuch work

to

defend themjehes.

The

8o

M E%1 C

<tA

The Growth and Manufacture of this Ifland and

Mufcovado,

Clay d, and

%efind

Ifland, onely to the

Leeward great

alfo

Sugars of all forts, viz.

is

much, but noi? no quantities

The firfl four mention d Commodities

ftore.

in

Tobacco, Logwood, Fiifkick, green and yellow t

lafi heretofore

Of thefefour

parts adjacent,

(Ifuppofe 1 have feen here as good Sugar made a* any

the World) Ginvers. Indico,and Cottonwool

and Lignum-vit;e

Chap. XVIII.

A.

had

to be

in this

receive prejudice

frodufl by abundance of <3{ains or Droughts not happening in their proper Seafons : alfo
Violent Winds lodge the Sugar-Canes , thereby the quantity and goodnef is lefined. The chief time
to their

for Expe elation

the

%pads

is

from January

not Cartable,

September, when comes

to

and ufually puts an end

in the

wet Seafon, that makes

Making and Tr asportation of them.

to

have two Qrops of Corn in a year, Planted ufually when the %ains firfl come

November,
of

which is gather' d

but of

forts are here Imported,

all

about

in

October, and

March

in

Portuguefe and French

Madera, upwards of fifteen hundred Tun yearly

ofFrench'Wines, upward offeven hundred Tun j
of

befides

Sugar -Qane,
in great

See.

Here

is

is

all

&c.

hence

Tranfported

and Bisquet

the

hither brought

New-

all

forts, viz.

fork,

'Beef,

Cape de Verd

Timber, Boards, Pipe and Hog/head,

live Cattel, as Bulls, Colts,

NewEngland

Ifland,

<&*c.

and for Apparel

Afinego's, and

and from England, Servants,

of

lehich great quantities

all

are

and fold.

The Shipping

and paft

England, Bermudas,
found uponfearch

Trade

that comes to

Veffels are here built,

to be

<&c.

to

to this Ifland belongs

and fro

to the

The number of

ing 04 they were here Entred, which

fome few

Leeward Iflands

Veffels lehich

England

and fome belong

come hither

to

Trade

to

in one

left) as

Newyear

is

fetches,

Burthen fifteen thoufand five hundred and five Tun, accordis

at the leaf a third part left than their true Burthen,

reafon every Ship pays one pound of Joinder

Magazine

generally to

about two hundred of all forts, {fome years more, fome

Sloops, Barques, ire. containing in

per Tun,

the means ordain d by this

the greatefl part of lehich Ships re-load with Sugars for

by

Country for

England, and

many go for New*England_, Bermudas, Virginia, Tangier, Ore. not always full loaden
with this Countreys Growth.

l.

to

5 l.

other times

and 12

1.

The ufual <Rate for Tunnage from hence

per Tun^ fometime when Ships are Very

when fcarce, from 61.

to

in the late

plentiful,

War with

it is

the

at

to

London,

3 1.

Dutch,

and

left,

it "toas

at

is

from

and at

10.

11.

per Tun.

The Government

'I

onely fome particular

is

Conflituted by the Lales of

Laws

England, and

La!?s not repugnant to them,

are here made, proper for this Place, by the Governor (or Deputy) and

his Council, {"which ufually are

fromfeVen

to

twelve in number) and an Affembly that

twenty nvo Terfons, chofen by the Free-holders,

t~ti>o

confifls

of

out of every Parifh.

Sect. XXIV.
St.

\<
I

Situatian of

St.Vitictw.

but of

Virginia, Bermudas, and

into

likewife

Negro-Slaves from Guinee, and

alfo

other Commodities for Plantations,

ftoring the

Spirits

from Ireland, New-England, Virginia, Bermudas, New-found Land,

Horfes,from
and

hundred Tun

tin o

of the general ufe of the Spirit of

alfoTmported great fiore of frovifions of

alfo feafe, Flour, Butter, Cheefe,

Staves,

viz.

which the meaner fort , as Servants and Slaves, do not onely drink

abundance, but much alfo

England.
Fifty,

Kum,

call' d

and

Wines

quantities,

the greatefl

Brandy and Englifh

thefe latter nole no great quantities Imported or pent, by reafon

May

in, in

and April following.

o/*Spanifh, upward of

We

Vincent.

iHe Ifland of St. Vincent, South-Weft from St. Luc'u, and having (ixteen Degrees of North-Latitude,

was fo calTd by the Spaniards, as having diicoIt is accounted eight

ver'd it on that Saint's Day, being the fifth of April
Leagues long and fix broad, and riles round about with high Grounds ar*d leveral
fountains, which are feen at a great diftance.
This
:

*X

Chap. XVIII.

M E\

381

This Ifland hath a very fruitful Soil, and for the bignefs of it hath been long
fincc well peopled with Caribbeeans before the arrival of the Spaniards ,ipo faffing here
feveral Villages, to whom they are ftill fworn Enemies, but Trucked with the
Hollanders for Provifions, Horns, Axes, Knives,

and other

Trifles.'

At the Weil and

Anchor and take Water in.

The Inhabitants highly efteem the Momen, growing to the bignefs of ah AppleTree the Fruit which it bears refembles a green Cucumber, and is of a pleafant
Tuice, the Skin always green and prickly the Seed which is in the fame about the
South

fides are

convenient Bays to

lie at

riilfc

2J[

bicmefs of a French Bean,

is

generally black, and ftreak'd with Golden-colour'd

Veins.

Here

alfo that Plant

is

the Dutch

mcntion'd elfewhere, by the Spaniard

and La

(RJpang* Apple,

being fancied to reprefent

Crofs, Nails,

Hammer and

with a Pole by which

it

Fleur de la (paftion

the.

thorny

Pillar

Crown

by the French

call'd Cranadilla,

and

it is

by J^,Cr ""* :

fo call'd, as

of our Saviour, together with the

the Plant runs along the

Ground,

unlefs

it

meet

runs up.

Sect* XXV.

Bekia.

it is

St.

which reckons twelves Leagues

in circumference, and lies at twelve Degrees and twelve Scruples of Norbut becaufe
It hath a fecure Harbor againfl all Winds
thern Latitude
without frefli Water, is is onely frequented by the Caribbeeans that dwell on

Ot

from

far

St. Vincent lies the Ifland Bekia,

tioB of

Vincent,who

come

hither to Fifli,and vifit certain

little

Gardens which they have

there for their pleafure.

The

Soil produces ftore

of Water-melons, whofe red juicy Pulp

fqueez'd, a great quantity of fweet Liquor, which

create an Appetite

is

yields,

when

very refreshing, and good to

their white Flowers, notch'd at the

end of the Leaves, afford a

delightful fmell.

Anno
found

Captain John Johnfon Van Hoom putting in to Bekia to catch Tortoifes,

on the Weft, and Eaftward a Ridge of Rocks, Cotton growing

6fi.
a fine Inlet

wild in the
firft

Fields,

and upon the Shore a kind of Snails

call'd

Burgun, under whofe

Shell appeared another of a Silver colour with black Specks.

Sect. XXVL

Granada.
panada, lying at twelve Degrees and fixteen Scruples,like a Half-moon^from
the

a
at

North

frefli

to the South,

River into the Sea.

twelve Leagues diftance.

Water

is

The

Towards the South-Weft runs

The Shore very low affords good Anchorage

full

of Woods.

Current grows exceeding ftrong here, and the

and flows in a few hours. Dirick Simonfzoon Witgeefi Sailing from

Tabago, was amaz'd to fee with, what force the Current drove him to Granada.
Hither Vu Parquet at his own Charge fent three hundred Men from Martinico,
who fcuffled with the Inhabitants fix Moneths before they could poffefs the fame in
Peace

|!"^j"

alfo ebbs

and

Affiftance

fcarce

had they obtain'd

it

at laft,

but by telling them that the French

would be very advantageous unto them

The Duke

Seryllac

in Pari* inform'd

againfl: the AroVages.

of the Fertility of

Oo

this Ifland,

bought

it

of

1
poffcis u.

Qf

M E%^I C

?8*

of Du Parquet for a confiderable

Sum

of

Money

A.

Chap.

And

inded Granada

X VIIL

none of the
meaneftofthe Qaribbees, the Soil producing very good both Fruit and TimberTrees, amongft which is the Latine*Txec of a tall Body, but ordinary
thicknefs, and
in ftead of Boughs, hang Leaves like Fans in long Stalks,
which being ty'd to<rc
ther, ferve for Roofs of Houfes.
There is alfo the Tree Cocoa, which yet grows not fo high here as in
:

is

other parts

oftheWeftdndies.

Sect.

XXVII.

Tabai
Situation of

Tubage.

^He next which comes in view

:o.

Talago, (f call'd, as

fome think, from the

quantity of that Drug there Planted) eight Leagues long and four
broad
lying in the eleventh Degree and fixteen Minutes of Northern
Latitude'
and hath many high Mountains full of Wood, out of which glide
eighteen Streams'
which watering the Plains fall into the Sea.
Captain

is

coming to an Anchor here, found a convenient Inlet on

the
Eaft, and frefli Water to fill his Casks. Half a League from
the Shore rife five
Rocks, through which he Sail'd with his Ships. Within the Cliff
opens a Bay, in.
to which runs a River well ftor'd with Fifli. More Wefterly
lies a larger Inlet,
which receives two delightful Streams. From the Weftern Promontory
runs alio I
Cliff Northward into the Sea.
Vitgeeft

This Ifland

eafily

is

known by high

Coafts which

on the Baft fide, and fo

degrees. It is likewife made pleafant by many Walks
of Trees.
The Sea produces abundance of thofe forts of Fifli which are common amongft
us, befides Tortoifes, that lay their Eggs in the Sand.
rife

grows lower by

The

Cra-firti.

Cra-fifh thereabouts are riot

tailed Flefh,

but hard to digefl

much

unlike Lobfters, have white and well

they catch them in the Night on fandy
Shelves

with lighted Torches.

The Crabs

Crabs.

Food very wonderfully here for when they obferve the

Gape for frefli Air, they put Stones "between their Shells,

get their

Musfles or Oyftcrs to

fo

that they not being able to (hut them, they pull out the

with their Claws.'

innumerable company of Beafts fomewhat refembling
Hogs, (whofe Navels are on their Backs) Opajfumsjavaris's, zndTatews,
as alfo the
Jgoutys's and Musb^ats.

The Woods

A^outp.

crying Couye
are routed
Musk-Rats.

feed an

Thzjgoutys's are of a dark

their upper,

The

and
.

if

Fifli

as

many

brown

in their

colour, and have

lower

Jaw

they

little

make

Tails,

two Teeth

in

a noife as if they fpoke,

hunted by Dogs, they run into hollow Trees, out of which they

by Smoak.

great Musk-%tts are as big as a Rabbet, and like

them

live in Holes made in

referable an European Rat, onely their Skins are black, except
one
part of their Bellies which are white; they fmell fo ftrong
of Musk, that it overcomes thofe that carry them.

the

Scrp:nts.

The^-M

Ground, but

Amongft

the Brambles breed alfo Serpents of a green colour,

two yards long,
and an Inch thick, feeding on Locufts and Birds, which
they take in their Neds',
but do no hurt to Mankind.

But Tobago boafts

of the SaJfafras*Tree which refembles the Pine-Tree,

hath a firm and (height Body, and on the top Boughs fpread
like a Crown, the
Bark of a dark colour and fmooth,and fmelling very fweet^the Leaves thin,notch'd,
chiefly

and

AMERICA.

Chap, XVIII.

38?

and of a deep Green, have alfo a delicate fmeli t the thinneft Roots appear above
the Ground, and are exceeding good to cure green Wounds, (toppings and fhortnefs
>

of Breath occafion'd by Colds.

The Tobacco, by
grows very

the Caribbeeans call'd Y~ouli 9 Planted

plentifully here

among

the Fruit-Trees,

(hoots up from a ftringy Root, bitter of tafte, with,

it

a thick Stalk, which (hoots out Boughs with great Leaves, woolly underneath,

and bears a kind of Violet Flower, which when dry'd, arefucceeded by little Cods
full of black Seed ; and to prevent the over-growing of it, they cut off the top of
the main Stalk*
The Bird Colibry, which is exceeding beautiful, makes his Nell under the To*'^Jjr BW
bacco-Leaves.

A company of Townfmen
United Provinces ,fent a

were

for the

Colony

of Wakheren, having a Grant from the

to Tabago

moft part deftroy'd by the

States

of the

two hundred in all,

weak or fickly, fearing

but they being fcarce

Qaribbeeans

the reft

fame Entertainment, fought to favethemfelves ; fothat the Ifland has not formerly been frequented but by the French from Mar tinico, and Guadalupe, who for
Tome time came over onely to catch Turtles and Lamantins there.

the

The

Qaribbeeans alfo either in their

Landed

here for neceflary Provifions

March
;

againft, or

But of

late

the

Return from the Arovages]

Lord Lampfen hath

Setled

Plantation in this defolate Ifland,

Sect.

XXII.

St.
IT*.

Chriftophers,

Chnfiophersj a pretty diftance

from

Qbrijlopber QolumbuSj invited thereto

as

it

were another

lefler

Tobago, received

by

on one of

the fhape of a

its

the Figure of the fuppos'd GimtChriftopher,

Denomination from situation of

great Mountain, having *** ifland.

its

Shoulders, being fancy 'd to reprefe-nt

who

is

o 2

reported to have carry'd our

SaVtQur

*A

38+

M E %I C

Chap. XVIII.

J.

SaViour in the appearance of a little Child

on his Shoulders through a deep Sea.

This Ifland lying feventeen Degrees and twenty five Minutes Northward of the
Equinoctial Line, hath twenty five Leagues in circumference.
The Soil light and fandy, refufes not the production of divers forts of Fruits
common amongft us.
In the middle of the Ifland rifes a high Mountain, out of which run frefii

Streams, that fometimes fwell fo high with fudden Rains, that they

drown

all

the

Countrey near them.

The Dirifion
*>(

the Ifland

into feveral

Ward*..

This

Ifland being jointly the Plantation

of both

and

was divided
into four Wards, two whereof have been long fincein pofleffion of the French, and
the other two in pofle/fion of the Englijh^ ftrangely divided one from another
for
the Englijh in one Ward cannot go to the other without troubling the French
and
fo on the contrary the Englijh have more Rivers and People,the French more plain
Land, fitter for Cultivation, and Forts furnifti'd with Guns and Soldiers. At the
Entrances of the Paths which lead into the feveral Wards ftand Watch-houfes,
where Sentinels, or Watchmen Hand daily in their turns.
In a Bay of the Sea they found a brave Salt-pit, from whence a Tandy Cliff runs
fo far into the Ocean, a that fome have fwum from the end thereof over to the
Englijh

French,

Ifland Nevis..

A Silver Mine

hath been long fince difcovcr'd on this Ifland, in which the Em*
and French claim equal Intereft, but neither Party make any benefit of it for

lish

want of Miners.

The

high Mountains, the Springs of boyling fulphurous Water, and brambly

Woods, hinder all paflage through the middle of the Ifland : The Ground runs

more and more floaping to the Sea-fide, and is divided into

along which ftand convenient Houfes, cover'd with red or

feveral

High-ways,

glaz'd Slate,

fhaded

with Trees, and environed with pleafant Gardens, to which there is adelihtful
Profpett from the Fields, of the green Tobacco-Leaves, the yellow Sugar-Caries,
Ginger, and Potato's.
Befidesthe fcatter'd Buildings, the French have built a compleat

the

chief

Town

be-

longing to

convenienteft Harbor of their Quarter, call'd

tfaf

Irmck.

dwell

'BaJJe-Terj-e,

Town

near the

where the Merchants

Houfes built of Brick and Free-ftone

whither all forts of People
Commodities, and Truck their European Goods for fuch as St. ChriJIo-

in fair

bring their
phers

and

produceth.
a

All manner of Trades and Handicrafts live alfo in this

Court of Judicature

is

kept every Week.

Tde Church

Town,

built of Free-ftone,

is

cover'd with the aforefaid red Slate, and was formerly Governed by the Capuchms
but they being difmifs'd Anno 1646. the Government was given to the Jefuits and
.

Carmelites
;

du VtYter

The

who

was

the

alfo built themfelves other ftately Edifices

firft

whobore

the chiefeft

Sick that have not fufficient

pointed, where

all NeceiTaries are

Command

Means

over

but the Jefuit Henrick

all.

to maintain them, have an Hofpital ap-

provided for them

and

to

which

is

added a

School for the bringing up of poor Children.

Dcfcription
of tb Caftle.

But the chiefeft Structure is the Caftle, on the building whereof the Lord Foincy
fpar'd no Coft
it is built half a French Mile from the Sea at the Foot of a
high
Mountain, fliadowed with great Trees. In the Way thither ftand the Houfes of
;

prime Officers ; and a long Walk of Orange and Lemmon-Trees leads to a large
Court before the Front of the Caftle it felf, which is built fquare with Bricks and

the

Free-ftone three Stories high

of Stairs
;

and the Entrance into it is afcended by a large pair

near the Gate which opens to the Weft, ftand great Stone Cifterns, into
.

which they receive the Water through Pipes

laid

under Ground^ the Chambers

and

-/

a MMtr-tc J:

Chap, xviii.

? Si

with Cedar a flat

Halls are very lightfomand high, and the Walls of them adorn'd
Terrace on the top yields a pleafant Profpect all over the Countrey ; the Windows
;

open not onely upon the Orange Walk, but alfo upon feveral delightful Plantations of Sugar*Canes and Ginger.
Weftward appear feveral Mountains, whofe high Heads are inverted with ever*
flourifhing Trees and between the Palace and thofe Mountains a very large and
in the. Front look

Garden,

(lately

of

full

manner of Flowers and other

all

commonly known amongft

thofe

us, as thofe peculiar to that part

middle thereof ftands a Fountain, deriving

in the

delightful Plants, as well

its

of the World

<

Source from the Foot of a

neighboring Hill.

and efpecially thofe cool Blafts daily

comincr out of the Eaft, fo tempers the hot Climate, that it becomes very to-

The Winds which blow from

the Hills,

lerable.

hereof the French Conquefts in Europe, they found the

Trumpets on the top of the Caftle, and the Standards and Enfigns formerly taken

When

any

News

by the Governor

On

one

Plain,a
Angola*

arrives

in the Field., are

of the Caftle ftands a

fide

Windows.
Chappel, and fomewhat

hung out of

the

on
Governor, and
farther

row of Houfes, inhabited by certain Retainers to the

The Offices and Lodgings for the Governor's Servants

about the Caftle, which

fortifVd with five Sconces,

is

whereon

a rifing
is

call'd

are built of Brick,

are planted feverai

Guns.
keeps nine hundred Slaves, and a hundred Frenchmen, to

The Governor

in his three Sugar-Mills, to

till his

Ground, and

Several French Gentlemen have alfo built

the chiefeft are thofe on which

work

for his Houfhold-Service.

many fair Houfes

<Poucy, Treval, BeneVent, Girand,

here

amongft which
;

Auber, de

la

(^o^iere,

Lode fpent great fums of Money.

The EnglifraKo are not much inferior to them in their Counties.
firft on the Point of the Palm-Tree ftands a fair
Their Churches are five in all
Church a fecondnear the great Road,below the English Governor's Houfe a third

de St. Andant, de V Efperance,

and de

la

jj^jjjjjj

*i*-iflan*

which

at the Sandy Point

Congregation

are all well built,

and large enough for a confiderable

the other

two

at the Inlet Cayoune are (hort

of the three

The

firft.

Minifters thereof receiv'd formerly their Benefices from the Bifliop of Canterbury,
in (romT&eU's time from the Tryers, as they were call'd , but of late, fince the King's
Reftauration, from the Bifliop of Canterbury again.

The
Mr.

beft

Houfes belonging to the

English

Evrard, and Col. Gejfreyfon all fucceflively

It

was

in the

Year

625. that the English

were built by Mr. Warner, Mt.^jch,

Governors of the Place.

,

and French jointly (Vefnambuc

ding the French, and Thomas Warner the English) Landed on

phers, at a certain

when

time

Strangers, were ready up in

of

^^f

St.

Landu5 &

Qmflo*

the Caribbeeans, perfwaded by their jBojfe^tp deftroy all

Arms, but they met with fuch Entertainment,

that

Courage, and yielded poffeflion to the Aflailarits Not long afwhich Defiiambuc and Warner went (the one to Paris, and the other to London) to

they foon
ter

this Ifland

Comman*

inform

loft their

their

Kings of the Condition of St. Qmftophers, and to

which might promote

Afliftance given them

the Planting of it

for

raife

Company

Bothattain'd their Defires, and had frefh

both Kings favor'd the Defign, in regard of the good

And
Conditions that were propos'd to thofe that (Lould go Undertakers thither
to prevent all Contentions between the English and French, they made Boundaries on
:

each fide
like,

were

but Hunting,, Harbors^FifTiing, Mines, Trees for Wainfcoting, and the

to

remain

in

common

and each was to

affift

the other.

The

English

Plantation increafed daily more than the French^ having conftant Supplies from the

Oo

Company

AMERICA.

$8d

Company

when

Chap. XVIII.

on the contrary, the Merchants at Paris grew Weary

being delirous firft to have a Return for what they had already fpent, though the
Countrey was not yet Manur'd
vrhexeotel>efnambuc going thither himfelf, made
in London

as

Company

underftand that they could not polUbly expect to receive a Return

unlefs the Countrey were Planted with Tobacco, Indigo, Ginger, and Sugar

the

which requir'd both Time and People. But whilft the Bufinefs feem'd to go on
profperouily, a great Accident hapned which threw down the Work to nothina
for the Spanish King fet out a Fleet within the foremention'd Year, of one and
;

thirty Gallions, three GaleaiTes,

and four Pinnaces,withfeventy

Command

7oledo, Emanuel deMinefes,

under the
Cadi^,

when

of Frederick de

before the Ifland St. Jago there lay at

fiarreio,

and

who

Francifco de Almeida,

hundred

Men

and JohnFajardo, from

the fame time twenty two Portu-

guefe Galleys, fourteen Carvils, carrying four thoufand

nio Taurine

five

Men, Commanded by

joyning with the

Anto~

Spaniards,

took

the English and French:

went about wholly to chafe out of the Caribbee Ides all

in which Attempt nine English Ships lying before X^evis,

were

who

the City St. Salvador, and

all

manded

taken by Toledo,
at that

time by the French Captain

and French not being

way

Sail'd within

Cannon-fhot of
0{pjfey,

St. Chrifiophers,

Com-

up by the

Englifb

the Forts caft

with Provifions nor Ammunition, and confequently no

able to endure a Siege, and the lefs, becaufe the Works were not quite finifh'd
ftor'd

neverthelefs Defnambuc immediately

drew up

he lay Intrench'd along the Coaft, to

Low-land, where
prevent the Enemies Landing
but Pj>ffey
his Soldiers to the

fuffer'd the Spaniards to

Land without

Parquet Sallying out of the Sconces,

ing forfaken by his Men, was run

time

all their

rounded,

Sloops

left his

full

the leafl Refiftance

fell

Company, but beMultitude and kill/d

In the mean

valiantly

down by

the

upon

the

firfl;

of Men Landed, infomuch that

Trench and went up

whereupon young Du

fearing to be fur*

ti{pjfey

into the High-lands,

whereby the

Spaniards

became Mafters of the Fort, but did not purfue their Victory, as fufpecting that the
French might lie in Ambufcade in the next Wood ; and indeed they fufpecled not in
vain, for the French having undermined their Forts, had laid Gun-powder in fome
of the Cellars, which firing, blew up very many of the Spaniards, whilft Defnambuc
Embarcjuing himfelf, fav'd thofe which were not flain by the Enemy's Sword.
Mean while thzEnglifb relying on the League between the rCing of England and the
Spaniard, made no Refiftance, (notwithstanding they .were inform'd that Frederick
had quite ruin'd the French Plantation, and put them all to the Sword) but
lent Agents to Toledo, to put him in mind of the League between Spain and England,
which he not taking notice of, alledg'd, That Pope Alexander the Sixth, when a
Toledo

Controverfie arofe concerning the

the

Crowns of CaftUe and

new

Difcoveries in the Eaft and Weft, between

had determined that

Cafiile had fole Right to the

Weftern World, and therefore that St. Qhriftophers, being a part of the Weftern
World, according to the Pope's Gift, belong'd to his Mailer Philip and infilling up-

Portugal,

on

that Allegation, he

commanded them

to quit their Right to the Place

which
on Condition that
to

purpofe he

refWd them

they (hould immediately

fix

of the nine Ships taken at

fet Sail for

ISTevis,

England, onely thofe

not able to carry, were permitted to ftay on the Ifland

whom the

till

fix

Veflels

were

the next opportunity

After vrhichToledo weighing Anchor,was fcarce out of fight, when the English began
to take new Courage,and gathering together to repair their ruin'd Works as well as
poffibly they could with

what Forces they had left for befides thofe who went for
England in the fix Ships, being near two thoufand, the Spanish Admiral took fix hundred choice English, which he diftributed amongft his Fleet
whileft Vefambiic Inf.

fer'da great deal of hardfliip, not onely through-ill Weather at Sea, but alfo foe

want

AMERICA.

Chap. XIX.
want of Provifions

Having during

Jntego, thinking to

and

ferrat,

ftead

of St.

tion

as

Cbrifiophers,

time been on the Iflands

St, Martin,

have poflefs'd himfelf of fome or other of them- in

forc'd to forfake, he

was not forward

to fix there, but ra-

convenient to enquire concerning the Condition of

it

Mont-

but not finding fuch a fruitful Soil, and convenient Situa-

what he had been

ther judcr'd

this

^7

St, Cbrifiophers,

bein^ informed by a Ketch, that the Enemy Was gone to Havana, and the
English were bufie in Tilling their Lands, he returned to his old Station 5 where ne*
verthelefs their Endeavors to repair what was ruin'd, had been in vain, by reafon

and

at laft

of the lcarcity of Provifions, and want of other Neceflaries, had not in their greateft
extremity fome Netherla?id VeiTels arriving there, furnifh'd them with Provifions,
Clothes, and other Necefiaries, on bare promifes of payment But not long after
growing rich with Tobacco, Sugars, Ginger, and Indigo, they made Satisfaction
:

to all their Creditors, and at

In the late

laft attain'd

War between Us and

to the Condition before mentioned.

the Dutch, the French taking advantage of our

ngagement, endeavor'd to deftroy our Plantations there, and to make themfelves

Mailers of the whole Ifiand but the Matter being at laft brought to fome Agreement, Sir Charles Wheeler hath been very lately fent over thither by His Majefty to
;

re-fettle Affairs there,

and order the Capitulations between the French zn&Englifl?,

CHAP.
The

Iflands Sotavento,

the Divifion

INNen>

we found

and

Spain,

to be

XIX.

andthelfleTrinidado,

made of the

Iflands that lie

Southern Jmerica, the laft are the Ifles

of

between

and

Florida

Sotavento,

which

reckon'd to be thefe three, Margareta, Cubagua, and Tabago, but the

laft

are

is

by

moft accounted, and hath been mention'd amongft the Caribbees,

Margareta, fo call'd from the abundance of Pearls (of which the Spanish Appel- JS^S*.
their firft
lation comes near the Latine Margarita) found there by the Spaniards at
about the twelfth Degree of Northern Latitude over againft the
It is acMain* Land of Cumana, from which it is diftant about feven Leagues
counted fixteen Leagues long, and half as much in breadth, and was difcover'd by

Difcovery,

lies

Columbus in his third

Voyage

Year of our Lord 140 S. and was at firft in great

PearUifliing upon its Coafts, wherein the Spaniards

in the

reputation, in regard of the rich

feems to the Natives of this Place than ufual, becaufe of their

readinefsto difcover their Treafures) employ'dNegro^, brought from the Coaft of
Labor,
Guinee, whom by fevere PunifTiments inflicted, they forc'd to fuch exceffive
devoured,
that many of them, though excellent Divers, were drown'd,others either

(more favorable

it

or latnd by the ravenous great Fifh thereabouts, and by deftroying the very Seed
through their infatiable greedinefs after Pearl,brought the Trade pf Pearl-fiiLing in
had it
a fhort time to a very fmall Account, in refped of what it might have been,
been well husbanded. Nor hath this Ifland of late Years been much frequented,only
here, and
in the Year 1601. Captain barker with a Fleet of English put on Shore

took

as

many

Prifoners as he had five hundred pounds of Pearl for the

Ranfom

of,

coming away took a Ship he met from off the Coaft of Angola, with three
Slaves.
hundred and feventy Negro's aboard, her, who were going to be fold for
and

at his

.The

Soil

is

ftore of
not unfruitful, bringing forth feveral forts of Fruit, and
Maiz,

AMERICA.

388

at< ,

and probably

Chap. XIX.

improv'd, would as well bear Wheat, and

other ufual kind'
of Gram
but there is great want of Water, which the
Inhabitants are troubled to
fetch from the neighboring Continent.

if

Towns and
Places

of

chief note.

The

Mooter, a Fort

built by the Spaniards in a

Nook
Eaftward to fecure the Pearl.fifhing Trade,
and to defend the
Town where the Governor refides, as alio the Treafurer of the
King of Spam's Cu
ftoms ofPearl, which have been formerly valu'd
at 50000/. yearly.

of the

Sea, a

Ifland, lying

El Valk de Santa Lucia,

i.
I

Places of chief note" are

SpaniJ]?

two Leagues from

this

Town, and

Colony.

3. Macanao, the

as

much from

the

onely noted Place belonging to the

Natives.

Sect.

II.

Cubagua.
Situation of

W^^liesSouth.Weft of

Cubxgua..

Margarita, about the eleventh

Degree

of North.

Latitude, a League or thereabouts diftant from

Margarita, and fix Leagues
from the neareft Continent, and about three
Leagues in circumference.
Thrsis alfo a very great Place for Pearl.fifliing, the
benefit whereof hath been fo
confiderable, that the King of Spain's Fifths are
laid to have amounted fome
years
to fifteen choufand Ducats
but otherwife of a poor and barren Soil
not onely de
fticuce of Water, but of Fruit, Grain, Herbage,
and all manner of Catcel and eatable Beafts, except a few lean Coneys
neverthelefs, in refped of the
PearLfifhinc
Trade, the Spaniards have Planted here a Colony,
which they call'd New Cadiz ha
ving plenty of Provifions brought them from
the adjoining Coafts, and fcon
'after
their firft Planting grew in a fhorttime fo
powerful, that they became Matters
of
one of the beft Ports of chofe Seas, call'd Maracafana
Venecia but upon an Alarm
ot the Salvages of
a while deferted.the Ifland, and betook
themfelves to
mjpamoa from whence neverthelefs being remanded
back with freft Supplies
under the Command of
de Qaftdlon, they foon re-inftaced
themfelves in their
former Plantation, and made it more ffrong and
flourifh.ng than before in which
ftate they rcmain'd as long as the
Pearl.fifliing Trade concinu'd, but
tbat'decayin.
the fplendor alio of this Colony declin'd
fo that at prefent the onely thin
P which
makes the Place remarkable, is a Fountain on
the Eaft part of the Ifland/not
for
from the Sea, yielding a liquid bituminous
Water, of Angular
.

(W^for

jW,

fc in Medicine,

The

Iflind

Gocbe t

lometimes found floating on the Sea at cwo or

three Leagues diftance
About four Leagues diftant from Cubagua there
is an

Ifland call'd Code,

three Miles in
tle lefs

compafs

Ic

was difcover'd

in rhe

and

about

Year ,pp. and was formerly

lit-

confiderable for Pearl.fifliing than the

other two.

Sect.

Trinidado.

Situation of

He

III.

of Trimdado was firft difcover'd by Qohmbm,

Anno 141-7. in his
third Voyage, and by him fo
call'd, as fome guefs, from its thrcePoints
or
Promontories but chat feems not fo
Ifland

probable, in regard it is otherwife

d La Trm.dad, or Infula
SanCU TrmhatU, and therefore is likely to have been de.
.

call

nominated upon a religious Account

Ic lieth-nine Degrees or thereabouts
diftant
from che-to, at the Mouth of
the River Oreno<}ll c, and is feparated from
the Coaft
:

of

mr~

QL

Chap.

M E%^1

*J

it lies by a Straight
of Paria over a<rain(i which
paffingit, Qolumbm, the
for the dangeroufnefs of

C J.

that

del

the length thereof

Draco

from the

Punta
to the North-Earl, call'd
that reckon

fifty,

may

is

fir ft

mod Southern

del Galera, is

three Miles over, and

Difcoverer of

Angle

it,

which

call'd occa

call'd Puntadel Andrada,

reckon'd twenty five Leagues, (thofe

be fuppos'd to miftake Leagues for Miles) and the breadth

about eighteen.
The Air of this Place

is

fo impure, that

it is

accounted the unwholfomeft Ifland

J^ff^j;

the Soil is not unfertile,as bringing forth Sugar-Canes,

of all the Indies- neverthelefs
other Commodities of the general
Cotton Maize Tobacco of the beft kind, with

growth of the

Weft-Indies, befides ftore

of good Fruit and Cattel

th? ifland.

and one part of

produceth great plenty of Pitch, but not of the bed

the Ifland call'd terra de Bea,
and there have been difcover'd feveral Veins of Gold and other Metals.

kind

The Natives,fome

fay,were antiently call'd Gin, or

Coral,

and were diftinguifh'd

each under the Government of a Cdfique, or pettyinto feveral Clans or Tribes,

Cruelty, deferted the Ifland, and
Prince but mod of them dreading the Spaniards

Setled themfelves in Guiana

andatprefent both

this Place, Guiana,

and El Dorado,

whofe Place of Refidence here is

have of Cuftom one and the fame Governor,
not onely Town of the Ifland it ftands Southward upon
St. Jofepks, the chief, if

Here mod of that Tobacco is made, which is fold amongft us for

In the Year 1505. Sir Walter Raleigh poflefs'd himfelf of it, being then but
Spanijh.
and took Prifoner the then Governor Antonio
a petty Village of about forty Houfes,
ingratiate himfelf with him, gave him feme light
!Berreo, who, in all probability, to

the Carone.

towards the difcovery of Guiana.

On the North-Eaft of trinidado, and not above eight Miles diftant from it, lies
of, as one of the Qaribbees,
the Ifland of tabago, which hath been already treated

*'<*.

it is other wife call'd Neiv Walcheren,

though fome will have it one of the SotaVe?ito
from a Town of that Name in Zealand, from whence a Colony of Netherlander*
;

was fent to Plant it.

Amongft others of the fmall obfeure

Iflands hereabouts,

is

Virgin Gorda,

which

is

*<&&**

fometimes reckon'd amongft the Caribbee Iflands ; but fince there is nothing confithough not
de rable to be fpoken of it, it is fufficient that it hath been mention'd,
punctually in

its

proper place.

CHAP.

XX.

California:
by fome taken for that ggfj*.
guifo'd.
large portion of Northern America which lies mod: Southward, and alfo utmoft Weft of all that is known of the Net* World, and having treated of
it,
thofe feveral Provinces which are generally reckon'd to be comprehended in
Aving before made mention of

(excepting

California, as it is

generally granted to be an Ifland) vi^.

Nova Albion,\ymgon the Continent (though there want not thofe

California ftri&ly

humrafihla^nd
who make ISfyva Albion

taken, as

it is

onely the North part of

California)

we

iliall clofe

up our

Northward of the EquinoBial Line with the aforedefcrib'd to be

faid California, fpecially fo call'd, which was by many thought and
Quivira
but a Peninfula, or half Ifland, by reafon that the Bay which divides it from
Difcourfe of thefe Iflands that

lie

and

AMERICA.

Chap. XX,

and New GaUkia, towards the North runneth much narrower than
therly, which made them think, that fomewhere or other at the North
to the

Main Land of

America

But

later Difcoveries, as

it

doth Sou.

it

was joy n'd

hath been faid, have found

to be a perfect Ifland,

and altogether feparate from the Continent: for about

the Year 1610. fome Adventurers beating upon thofe Coafts Northward,
accidentally, and before they were aware, fell upon a Straight, the Waters
whereof ran
it

witli

iuch a Torrent and violent Courfe, that they brought them into JPlar
Vermfrlio,
whether they would or no, and before they knew it, and by that means

difcover'd

that California

was an

and that the Waters which were obferv'd to fall Co

violently into that Sea towards the North, were not the Waters of any
River emp*
tying

it

felf into the

Ifland,

Bay from

Waters of the North. Weft Sea

it wholly from the Continent
vaft length, full

Main Land,

the

it felf,

was formerly thought, but the

violently breaking into the Bay, and dividing

North and South, extending

twenty Degrees of Latitude, vi*. from twenty two to
:

It

lieth

but the breadth nothing anfwerable

Blanche

as

it

forty

The moft Northern Point of it is

that to the South, Cape St. Lucas,

memorable

felf in a

two

call'd Cape

for that rich and gallant Prize

which Captain CaVendiJb, in the Year 1587. being then in his Voyage about the
World, took from the Spaniards near to this Place. As for the Ifland it felf, it is
at
prefent little, if at all inhabited by the Spaniards whether it be that they
j
want Men
to furnifli new Plantations, or that they find no matter of invitation
and encouragement from theCountrey, or perhaps that the accefs thither be not fo eafie
for
:

reported to be wonderfully well peopled by the Natives, and that

there were
found onely upon the Coafts and along the Shore of Mar Fermiglio twenty or
twenty
'tis

three Nations, all of different Languages

though from the particular Narrations

made of the Voyages of feveral eminent Perfons into thefe Parts,
appears that the Spaniards have taken great pains in thedifcovery thereof, and
alio
;

that have been

it

from the

feveral Spanijh

Names of Places,

merly, however neglected

he Cuftoms

and Manners
of the Natives.

The Countrey

that they have had Plantations here for-

at prefent.

abundantly well

ftor'd with Fifli and Fowl, as appears partly

by the Natives, who take a huge pride in making themfelves gay with the
Bones
of the one, with which they load their Ears, and fometimes their Nofes alfo
and
with the Feathers of the other, which ordinary People wear onely fticking
about
their Waftes
but Great Perfons, and fuch as will be fine indeed, befet their Heads
;
ftrangely with them, and have commonly one Bunch of them
bigger than ordinary hanging down behind them like a Tail.
is

Having no knowledge of the

them, that

is,

the Sun, attributing to

Seafons, and moft of the other

Their Government.

Their Government
fairs

of

true

is

God, they worftiip what

it

the Devil will

have

onely the increafe of their Plants, healthful

good things they enjoy, or

are fenfible of.

faid to be onely Oeconomical, each Father ordering the Af-'

Family apart, without fubje&ion to any other Superior yet fo well

manag'd, that they live in good Peace one with another not without many
good
Laws and Cuftoms, Yt^. That they allow but one Wife to one Man That they
his

punifh Adultery with Death

That they fufTer not Maids to talk or converfe with
Men till they be Married That Widows may not Marry till they have Moum'd
.

at leaft

nature,

one half year for their Husbands deceafed

which perhaps,

if the truth

and divers others of

like

were known, do more properly belong to the

Natives of Utopia,or {ew Atlantis, than to thefe of California.

Plies
note.

of

The

Places therein, as yet obferv'd, are onely

of St.Qara and

St. Lucas, the

one

at the

upon

the Sea*coafts,

1.

The Capes

South.Eaft end of the Ifland/iooking towards

NewGallicia, the other at the SoutfuWeft, looking into the Sea, and

towards^.
2 uf

M EKI

XX.

Chap.

L A*

nam'd from its being firft difcover'd on Holy*^od*D&y 7 being &

large and convenient Haven, not far from Cape St. Clara.
3. Cabo de las Playa*, Co call'd from a company of little bare Hillocks appearing
from the Sea, and is more within the Bay.
4. Cabo Baxoj fo term'd, as lying towards the bottom of the Gulf.
5. St. Andrews, another convenient Haven upon an Ifland of the lame Name.
6. St. Thomas, an Ifland at the Mouth of the Gulf or Bay, of about twenty
five Leagues in compafs, rifing Southerly with an high mountainous Point, under
which is a convenient Road for Shipping, and twenty five Fathoms of Water.
On the other fide of the Ifland, towards the Main Sea, there is 1. St. Ahad, good
%,

St. Cruce, fo

a,

Haven, and almoft furrounded with a pleafant and

i. Cape Ir'midado, a noted Promontory.
3.

Cape de Cedras, fo call'd (together

fruitful

Countrey.

with a fmall Ifland near

it)

from the

ftore

of

Cedars growing thereabouts.

4. Enganno.
tle

j.

Tuebla de

Boats which the Americans

fome
6.

ftore are

made

believ'd there are

Ifland, befides Rivers

Canoas, fo

there.

Qabode Galera y from

It is

nam'd from the abundance of thofe litgenerally ufe, and do call Qanoos, whereof perhaps

las

its

refemblance to a Rat.

many more Promontories and Bays on both

and

Iflets,

yet not nam'd, and altogether

unknown.

ver Dr. Heylin hath well obferv'd, that thofe above^mention'd are the

of

fides

this

Moreo-

Names

oneiy

of Places, and not of Towns and Villages, though doubtlefs there mufl needs have
been fome

The
1534.

fcatter'd Houfes,built

firft

fet

formerly by the Spaniards in fo

two Ships

to that purpofe

from

St.

Expeditions.

who

having in the Year fcSw^

rer of thefe
Jago, a Haven of New Spain, and JJ

Difcoverer of thefe Parts was Ferdinando Corte^

out

many

not finding the Succefs anfwerable to his Expectation, went next Year himfelf in
Perfon, and pafs'd a good
to return

way up

the Gulf, but for

want of Provifions was

forc'd

without having done any thing to the purpofe.

In 1539. one Francifco, a

Companion oiCorte^m

the former Expedition, Set out

upon

TO

M E <Kl C

<JL

?9 2.

upon

own

his

Charges, and having Coafted

Chap. XVIII.

A.

about, both upon the Eaftern and

all

Weftern Shores, he at laft Landed, but not without notable oppofition from the
Natives, who with much clamour, and many antique Geftures let upon his Men fo
furiouily with Stones and Arrows, that they had met with a (hrew'd Repulfe, had
not been for the Valor of their Auxiliaries, the Maftiff Dogs, which it feems they
us'd to carry along with them in thofekind of Voyages but at laft he got footing
it

in the

took poiTeilion

fo far, that he

Name of the King

of Spain with the ufual For-

and following the Example of Columbus, fet up a Crofs in the Place for a
Memorial and Teftimony of his having been there.
Much about the fame time Marco de Njfa a Francifcan, undertaking a Voyage inmalities

frteRdnl
on of thefe
Pitts.

to thefe Parts, reported

Wonders

at his

Return, of the plenty of golden Mi

with magnificent Buildings, the very Gates whereof were

enrich'd with Turquoifes, and other Precious Stones, and whofe meaner!: Inhabitants
went glittering in Gold and Mother of Pearl, and of the flouriming Condition of
the Kinodoms of Jcu, Tonteac, and Marata j whereupon the Governor of New Gallicia
ftately Cities, fet out

by the then Vice-Roy of Mexico, with great hopes of bringing back a Confirmation of thefe Reports; but whether out of fpite to be deceived in his Expectation, or having real caufe fo to do, he repreferued all things as mean and defpi-

was

1
ill

fent

cable,as the Fryer had proclaim'd them rich and glorious.

5

De

Alar can

his

Voyage.

The

next that went

to have Sail'd

uoon

this

Defign was Ferdinando

many Leagues up

River

call'd

who

de Alarcon,

is

reported

Buena Guia, and there to have

Homage of Naguacatus, one of the Heads of the Calif'ornian Tribes.

One more Attempt was made in the Year 1641. by %oderico Cabrillo, who

re*

ceiv'd
Cabrillo

bis

Expedition.

difco*

and this was

and another call'd The Ifland of fojfefiion
the laft we hear of that thought it worth while to go an Undertaker to thefe
Coafts, and ever iince all Undertakings hither have been fo wholly laid afide, that
what-ever was once difcover'd in thefe Parts, feems rather to be loft and forgotten,
ver'd the Ifland of St. Luke,

than any

As for

way improved.

Sir Francis Drake's

rum not wholly

many determine

whereas

JS(ova Albion,

part of California, though

of

'

it

to be onely the utmoft

Northern

doth not abfolutely appear to be fo from the Relation

Difcovery of

to omit the

it

it,

we

mention of it

judge

it

agreeable to

in this place,though

Method and Deco.

it

hath been already

and the aforefaid Relation deliver'd at large amongft the reft of thofe
Provinces of largely-taken California, which were taken for granted to be upon the
fpoken

of,

Continent.
founfof

countrey.

Brake and his

inhabitants,

vijfc

Company brought home this

That

the Countrey "tots exceedingly well

dolon the Hills by thoufands in a company

Women

ufing onely apiece of a

fes were built onely of

keep out the Cold

round about

it

they had any ^

Mat,

Turf and

in the
5

altogether

That

or fome

the

Men

fiord

-frith

its

Deer, Grazing up and

generally went naked

fuch thing inflead of an Apron

aU oyer, the

That
5

their

Hou-

fo wrought together, that they ferVd yery well to

was their Hearth where they made their Fire, and lay all

Ofier, yet

midfi of

it

together upon feVeral

is

Defcription of the Countrey and

Beds of 2u1U%ufi)es.

What

their To'tons 7ere, or whither

unknown.

TI ie

IP J

The Third Book

CONTAINING

DBSCRIPTIO

PERUANA
O

O R,

Southern America
CHAP.

I,

Aving compleated our Description of Mexicaua, or Zsjorthem America, being that great Teninfula which lies North*

ward of the

Ifthmus, or Straight otDarien, together

the Iflands on the

come now

'

mid

revers'd

North

fide

of the

with

Equinoctial Line,

^f

on

n<l

somhmA-]

all

we

to the Southern Part, otherwife call'd Teruana^

from Peru the chief Kingdom thereof, being the other

great feninfula , which lies Southward of the aforefaid
It is generally refembled to the form of a PyraStraight
:

the Bafis whereof, that

is

to fay, the

more Southerly

parts of

it

to-

wards Magellanic a and the Straights, extend themfelves largely both Eaft and Weft,
becoming more fharp and ftreight towards the North, and thofe parts by which ic
in the whole it is fupposM to contain a Circuit of feventeen
is joyn'd to Mexicana
:

thoufand Miles

at leaft,

and

is

watered with four of the

greater!:

Rivers of the

abundance of lelTer Streams, which iffuingfrom the Andes and other

Mountains of the Countrey, do run from all Parts both into the North and South
Sea, much fertilizing the Countreys through which they pafs 5 the four principal

World,

befides

are thefe following

from the firfr. Difcovery thereof by Francifcm dc Orellana^

otherwife the River o .Amazons, from a Generation of warlike Women, who (as the
Tradition goes) inhabited certain Countreys lying upon the Banks thereof. .This
i.

Orellana,

fo call'd

Pp

rifeth

Vcr s

re

J"

vf

394-.

ME %

Chap.

I C A.

II,

Province oiPeru, and runneth a Courfe of little lefs than five thou
fand Miles, discharging it felf at laft into the North Sea,through a Channei,as fome
fay, of threefcore Leagues broad, and yet with fuch a violent Current or Stream,
rifech in the

that

laid to

it is

difcover

cover'd

and no

call'd %aliana,

from

Sir Walter Raleigh,

whofeHead

two thoufand by Pinnaces and fmaller

than

who

endeavor'd to

or Spring

to be Navigable athoufand Miles together

It is faid

lefs

natural colour and tafte almoft thirty Miles in the Sea.

a River of the Province of Guiana,

it,
:

its

by fome

Orenoque,

z.

keep

not yet dif-

is

by the

Ships,

talleft

VefTels,and difchargeth

felf

it

North Sea by lixteen feveral Channels or Mouths, making thereby

fome whereof are faid to be of good bigneis, and to lie at a diftance
feveral Iflands
of a hundred Miles or more one from the other.
likewife into the

Maragnon, a River of a yet larger Courfe than any of the former, being, as

3.
'tis

no

faid,

Peru, to

its

lefs

than

Fall,

fix

which

nelof feventy Leagues

4.

<I(io tie

la Plata,

thoufand Miles from

is

likewife into the

its

Head, which

North Sea about

out of the Andes in

is

by a Chan-

Cape Blanco,

in breadth.

two thoufand Miles

otherwife call'd Paraguay, a River of

Courfe, and falling as the

North Sea, by a Channel of threefcore

Degrees Southward oftheLwe, towards the Straights
into the

reft

Miles over, and about thirty

of Magellane,

Jndes,ox Mountains before mentioned being the moft noted, and biggeft
America, and indeed of the whole World, and thought by Cortefius to be the

The

The Mountains Andes.

of all

fame with
Leagues
payan,

Sephar,

fpoken of in the tenth Chapter of Genejis, run above a thoufand

in length

from Timama, a

Town

of

]S(ew

Granada in the Province of To*

and are in the narroweft place about twenty Leagues broad

equal heighth with,

if

not higher than Cauca/us

it

felf

and

the Afcent to

of

alfo

them

is

un-

payable, except in very few places, by reafon of craggy Precipices, and wild over-

Woods, ferving onelyfora fhelterto Serpents and other poyfonous

Animals, which are there fo numerous, that a whole Army of one of the Kings of
Peru is reported to have been deftroy'd by them j and whatever People there are

grown

pathlefs

inhabiting in any of thefe

Woods and

Faftneffes,

muft needs be

in the very

utmoft

degree of rude and brutifh falvagenefs.

Some

divide Southern America into Peruviana and Braftliana

divide into TerraFirma and Peru

received and

guuy.
all

Brafiliana into Brafek

commodious Divifion

of them wealthy and large,

or The

New Kingdom,
6, <Braf\le,

Yi^>

as they call

7. Guiana,

8.

1.

it.

is

and Paraguay

fub-

But the moll

into thefe particular Provinces following, all

CaHella
3.

Anna, or Golden

Cafiile,

2. IS^oVa

Peru, fpecially fo call'd. 4. Chile,

Laftly Paria, with fome

or moft of thefe Provinces, and

(peruviana they

commonly

CHAP.

Granada,
5.

Para*

adjoyning to
part of them.

leffer Iflands

reckoned as

II.

Cailella Aurea, otherwife call'd Terra Firma.

Dtfcription

of Caftella

Jurea.

CJfiella del Oro,

as the Spaniards call

the Iflhmus, or Straight of Darien,

bounded Eaftward, and

on the Weft with Mare

del

it,

or Golden Caftik, taketh

which hath not been

up

yet fpoken of,

to the North-Eaft, with the Atlantick

Zur, and lome part of Veragua

-,

all the reft

of

being

Ocean and
Southward it hath the
j

new

Chap.

U M EXjlC

II.

new Kingdom

A.

was one
of the firft parts of firm Land which the Spaniards touched upon^ after they had
pafs'd To many Iflands, as feein'd for fome time to block up, and bar them from
It is fubdivided into thefe inferior Provinces or Coun=
the Continent of America
of Granada.

fometimes Terra Firma, becaufe

It is call'd

it

treys, Vi%*
little

i.

Panama* i.Dar'mi.

Province Ve

3.

No'Va Andalusia. 4. St. Martha.

5.

Laftly, the

Hacba.

la

The chief Rivers of the Province

of Panama are

1.

Chagre^s

it

Rlrerf

was antiently call'd,

but afterwards from the great number of Crocodiles that harbor in it, P^o de La2. Sarvartos, falling into the North Sea between Notnbre de Dios and Porto Bellano.
dinilla.

3.

4. P^o de (jolubros, fo

Sardina.

breeding thereabouts.

5.

3^'o de

from

call'd

which

Comagre,

falls

abundance of Snakes
into the fame Sea. 6. Chepo,
the

famous in times paft for its Gold*Sands. 7. %io de'Balfas, whofe Banks are (haded
with good Timber-Trees. 8. ^0 de Congo which falls into St. Michach Bay.
,

Sect.

II.

Panama,

Pjnama, commonly

call'd

The DtftriH^ot

Circle of

Panama,

is

bounded Eaftward

2^"JSi

with the Gulf, or BayotUrraba, by which it is feparated from the reft of the
Continent of this Southern part of America on the Weft it hath Veragna, one
-,

of the Provinces of

Guatimala-,

being on both the other

It is fuppos'd to contain in length

from

with the Sea

fides wafli'd

Carthagena andPopayari, to the Confines

Veragna, about eighty or ninety Leagues, in breadth not above threefcore in

part

'Dios,

and where
if

it is

narroweft,

Vt%.

under the EquinoBial

of

any

betwixt the City of Panama and T^omhre. de

meafur'd by a right Line, not above

lieth almoft

Line,

fix

or feven over from Sea to Sea.

but a few Degrees Northward of

it,

It

and

fomewhat hot, and by the neighborhood of both Seas fubject to a foggy

and grofs Air,in comparifon of fome other parts fo that it is not counted generally
therefore

fo healthful a Countrey, efpecially for Strangers, and in

Summer-time.
The antient Divifion " of Panama, according& to the Lordfhips
that Ti an eK
r of the fafidues
J l
L
Divifion of
\
r
then Govern ci, were thefe following
Careta, Ma, Comagre, Chiam
Coyba^Cbame^? "Cbiru,Nata,Tobre,Trota, Haylia,fiurica, and Efcotia, where the South Sea with the
'

Spring-Tides flowing over the Plains, at

turn'd into Salt

but

as

it

return being hardned by the Sea,

hath always hapned in

that with the alteration of

Names

its

all

is

other Countreys of the World,

Government, the Divifion of

the Countrey,

and the

of Places have totally changed, fo alfo here the antient Divifion of Regions

and Territories muft give place to the Modern.

The

antient Inhabitants of thefe Parts were a very warlike People,

the

Women

always accompanying their Husbands in the Wars. They us'd to hana on the tops
of their Standards the Bones of their, greateft Heroes, thereby to animate their Sol*

tv

Nature

oftbeamknt

Their Arms confided of poyfonous Arrows, Stone Swords, and Pikes made
of the PalmTrees. They alfo carried with them the Idol Chiapa, to whom they
diers.

Offer'd living Children at the beginning of their Wars, and afterwards

making

Merry with

they re-

turn'd

the Flefh, anointed the

home Conquerors,

Image with

they fpent feveral days in

Drinking, Singing, Dancing, Cutting their

alfo anointing their

the

Image. But

if

Blood

Moreover,

if

manner of Debaucheries, as
Prifoners Throats, with their Blood
all

they were conquered, then they invented

new

Offerings to reconcile themfelves with their Idol.

The

chief

Towns and

Places which the Spaniards inhabit here, are

Pp

1*

Panama,
the

l?^
note -

zAME'KlCA.

^6

Chap.

II.

which is Suffragan to the

Arch-bifliop of Lima, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor and Courts of
It is feated likewife upon the South Sea, and fo near, thac
Juftice for thefe Parts

the chief City of the Province, being alfo a Bifhop's See,

ur

at

High-water the Ships are

faid to

Ride even under the Walls. Through

from Spain by Nombre.

Wealth both of Peru and Spain paffeth once every Year
Dios and Porto <Bello y from whence whatfoever Merchandife or other Commodi-

the
de

Town

this

Tranfported to Panama by Land, and from thence by Sea

and by Manama whatfoever comes from Peru, is fcnc
the Parts of Peru

come from

ties

to all

Spain, are

into Spain

commonly

hath

It

a ftrong Garrifon

of Soldiers in

a Place otherwife well fortifi'd, being of fo great importance.

Pericos three

Banks
next

it

Ways

lead to Panama, the

firft

it,

and

From

the

Haven

along a Bridge over a River, whofe

are great Fortifications to the City, the rather becaufe the River
a

doubtlefs

is

is

deep, and

The Way from Kombre de Dios plain and

Brook Levendero. The third runs along over a

Pool overgrown with Weeds.

without Woods,

is

wafli'd

by the

from the Haven Pericos to the

City. Eaftward from Panama appear feven Royal Houfes on a Rock, wherein the
Courts of Judicature are kept.
Five hundred Rods into the Sea lies an Ifiand re*
Stone Bridge and

Champain Grounds,

that extend

fembling a HalkMoon, and the Haven wherein the Ships when they unlade

Anchor, there being

Tide being out

At

elfe

the

Mouth

de Qru%e t Chagre, Quebrada,

elfe

an

Enemy might

not Water enough for laden Barques, and

and

eafily

thereof (lands a

"Ballano,

Land

all lie

woodden Sconce. The

dry the
,

Places Ventci

are alfo fortifi'd againft any Invafion,

But the

ffcri&eft

Watch

is

caft

where

kept at the River

which Weftward below Nombre de Dios falling into the Northern Ocean
brings the Ships up to Venta de Cru^e, from whence a Way fcarce five Leagues long
leads to Panama, The Spanijh Commodities confifting molt in Meal, Oyl, Biskets,
Cloth and Silk, are all brought from Nombre de Dios along the fame Way or elfe in
Cbagre,

Winter when they cannot ftem the Current of the River

Cbagre, then they brino-

Goods by Land, not without great danger of being taken by the run-away
tygro's, who fetupon them out of the Woods with poyfon'd Darts and Arrows
and as many Spaniards as they take, fo many feveral ways they put them to death,
their

becaufe they formerly in the time of their Servitude were us'd with
Cruelties.

The

imaginable

Provifions fold here at a reafonable Rate are Mai%, Tertian-Meal,

Poultrey, Honey, Cattel, Swine, Oranges,

Garden Herbs or Plants.

Round about

warks, with a ftrong Caftle on one

a Bifhop's See

all

And

Lemmons, Cabbage, and all manner of

the fore-mention'd

fide.

fair

lie

Bul-

Cathedral denotes the Place to be

the Francifcans, Dominicans, and

Merced, inhabit feveral fair Cloyfters here.

Royal Houfes

Monks of the Order De

Two Leagues

Weftward

is

the

la

Haven

which being fecur'd from all Winds by three high Ifles that lie before it, is
the chief Harbor in which the'Per<wPlateFleet (confifting mod in fmall Barques)
comes to an Anchor before they touch at Panama. The Countrey is for the moft

Pericos,

part Mountainous, and in

Pools

many

places fends forth ftinking

Damps

muddy
The Air

out of

fome places are SaVanna Grounds for Cattel to Graze in.

be more unhealthful, if it were not cleared by the Winds which blow

yet in

would alio
from the Sea. From July to October there fall continual Rains, mix'd with terrible
claps of Thunder. The Inhabitants often recreate themfelves in Hunting wild
Hogs, with Nets made of the Brambles call'd 2fyauen or Hcnacben, and that after a
ftrange manner
for they fet on fire the Bufhes all about the place where they fuppofe the Game to lie, which to fhun the Fire runs into their Nets
fo that the
fame Bufhes are both their fhelter and deft ruction, as affording Material to make
.the Nets wherein they are taken.
Befides other Birds the Woods alio abound with
:

Pheafams

Chap.

M ET^l C

U.

II.

Pheafants and Turtle-Doves

about them in a

fize,

j97

and amongft Beafls ; thofe that carry

The

wild Cats.

Bag,-' as alio

Crocodiles of a large

J.

by the Spaniards

Youtif

their

Sea abounds with Fifh, and produces

The

call'd Lagartos.

Trees are feldorn

without Leaves, but bear little or no Fruit.

2. Nombre de-Dios, which hath broad Streets, high woodden Houfes, and a fair
It extends from Eaft to Weft along the Northern Ocean, in the middle
Church
:

of a great

Wood

on Moorifh Ground, having

unwhollom Climate,

ate under an

The Merchants which dwelt

it

a great

hath occaiion'd the death of

being

many

here had alfo Habitations in Panama, (the

fitu-

People*

of the

reft

them Inns for Strangers) from whence as loon as they had

they went to Spain. The Countrey round about lies under Water

m'oft of

Houfes being

gotten an Eftate

many places. The Oranges, Cajfad a-Koots y and

cafion many Diftempersto thofe that eat of them.

in

each fide a Ridge of Rocks, on which

lies

which grow here, ocHarbor, which hath on

the like,

In the

decayed Forts, the Sea

Ride

To turbulent, that the Ships are forc'd to

from

Fen on the Weft

the City a frefh-Water River falls into the

at fix

often-times

is

Anchors apiece.

Eaftwaid

Haven, on whofe Banks ftand

feve*

Garden*Houfes and Orchards^ Anno 1595. Sir Francis Drake arriving here, found
not far from which on a Hill ftood a Watch -houfe, of
a Mill beyond the City
which having made himfelf Mafter, he fet fire on the Town Nombrede Dios, as alfo
ral

on

all

Dios

the VeiTels that were in the

was on

this occafion, vi%>

The

Harbor.

Name

original of the

Npmbre

de

Diego bjiquefa fetting Sail with three Ships out of

Golden Countrey Veragua, was furpris'd by a violent

Storm, in which two Ketches, Commanded by Lupus de Olano and Peter limhria wT ere
driven out of fight, whileft he fuffer'd fliipwrack, and getting afhore, rang'd up and
down in a defolate Countrey, where he found no other Food but Roots, till at laft
he met with Olano when the Famine began to increafe amongft them in fuch a
nature, that being fcarce able to carry their Arms, many of them were kill'd by the
Inhabitants with poyfon'd Arrows, infomuch that of feven hund red there remained
Niquefa ihipp'd as many of them in a new VelTel which they had
fcarce ninety
made as it could poflibly carry, and promis'd to fetch the reft off from Veragua as
The firft Place he Landed at
foon as he had dilcover'd a Place fit to be inhabited
was Puerto Bello from whence being neceflitated by the Indians who gather 'd toge-

the

IL

Haven

Carthagena to the

Aboard, not without the lofs of feveral Men, he fet Sail to the Promontory Mormor, beyond which he Anchored in a fecure Haven where, as he was
going afhore he call'd to his Men, faying, Saltiamo in tierra al Nombre de Dios, that is,

ther to Retreat

Let us Land

in the

tives, call'd
3.

it

Nombre

St* Philip}

Haven

of God, and calling

up a Fortagainft

the AiTaultsof the

Na*

de Dios.

or Puerto

'Bello,

fo

denominated by

Columbus

Chriftopher

from

its

lying along the North Sea, wonderful convenient and fecure, by reafon of

the good

of Winds

about

Name

it,

Ground

for Anchoring, and a

Creek

in the

fame, defended from

all forts

and which being furrounded with Woods, hath much over=flow'd Land

as alfo

abundance of good Gravel for

Ballaft

which and

for

feveral

other Reafons, the famous Architect Baptijia Jntonelli advis'd the Spanijh King, to
build this City for a Staple of Trade (in ftead otNjmbre de Dios which was found
y

unhealthy) having pitch'd upon an excellent Situation for

Foot of a

it,

vizj

on

a Plain at the

Hill, where there are three freOi Rivulets, meeting with a fruitful and hoc

wherefore his Advice being taken, they firft built a Fort at the Mouth
Countrey
of the Haven, put five Guns into the fame to defend the new City, and on the
Moreover, the Rocks along the Shore,
Shore a ftrong Tower with eight Drakes
But at
and clofe Woods about the Haven prevent the Landing of an Enemy
:

P p

the

M E%I C

39:

was

the very time chat this City

juft

begun

Haven

Chap.

A.

to be built, Sir Francis Drake

II.

having

where he found ten Houfes,

befides the Governors Palace, and a Caftle whofe Breaft- works which the Spaniards
had lately rais'd of Timber, Stone, and Earth, were all demolifh'd by the E?iglifl? But
the Spaniards have fince re-built the fame, and fortifi'd the Haven, with two ftrong
burnt Kombre

de Dios, ran into the

Puerto Bello,

Year \66i.

Caftles, notwithstanding in the

under the

Command

of Captain Parker,

was furpriz'd and taken by the Engiijl?

and the Governor Petro Melende^tzkzn
it

Prifoner.
Nata,

4.

commonly

vince,upon Mare

del

call'd St. Jago de Nata, fituated

on the Weft

fide of this

Pro-

Zur, or The South Sea, about thirty Leagues diftant from Panama,

towards the Borders of Veragua*

Ada, a Town upon the fame Coaft, but lying South-Eaft of Kombre de Dios :
It was at firft onely a Fort built by Peter de Arias
but afterwards grew up into a
fmall City, of which at prefent there is nothing remaining but the remembrance of
the famous Fafque^Numie^, Beheaded by his Father-in-law Arias.
6. Laftly,Ld Qrux P^al, a few Leagues diftant fromPa?iama, for the moft part
5.

inhabited by a fort of Negro's call'd Simmerones,

North Coaft of Panama are two fmall woody Iflands call'd Cattiva and
Comagre, lying low in the Water
alio the Ifle De Tines, which rifes high out of the
Sea near the Main Land.

Along

the

On

The IJluof
Pearls.

the Southern Coaft are

1/ole de las

Perlas, or

The

IJles

of Pearls, about

twenty

number, but indeed rather Rocks than Iflands, excepting two, 1?^. Taroreque
and Del P^ios where in former times the Indians took great ftore of Pearls, by diving
for them to the bottom of the Sea and they were efteem'd of greater value and exfive in

cellence than thofe of Cubagua, and great profit

till

by

their Cruelties exercis'd

depopulated the Iflands, and

fatiable

they are

now

upon

was made of them by

the Spaniards,

the Natives through exce/Iive greedinefs, they

loft that altogether

of which before they were fo in-

onely inhabited by a few Moors and other Slaves,

who

keep

Cattel there for their Mafters.

Captain Ox
Ex-

ttihitm'i,

pedition.

It

will not feem amifs to conclude our Defcription of Panama with a fliort Ac-

count of the Englijh Captain John Oxenbam's Exploits in thefe Parts

He being incited by the Treafure which Sir Francis Drake fetch'd from hence, refolv'd to Steer
:

Northern Coaft of Panama, where he hal'd his Ship of a hundred and twenty
Tun on Shore, and cover'd the fame with Trees, buried his Guns, and march'd
with two Field-Pieces and feven Men up into the Countrey, and was by the lndia?is

for the

conducted to a River which falls into the South Sea, where he built a Pinnace
of forty five Foot long, and Sailing into the South Sea, Landed on Tararequi,

one of the

Iflands of Pearls

where he foon

after

took a

Tertian

Barque with

fixty

thoufand pieces of Gold, ftore of Wine and Bread, and the day following another

which came from Lima, loaden with a hundred thoufand Pound in Silver Bars,and
fome Pearls with which being enrich'd he return'd to the Main
The Governor
oiPanama being inform'd of it, put a hundred Soldiers into four Barques, befides a
:

number of l^egro Slaves over which Juan de Ortego having the chief
Command, was inform'd at Tararequi what Courfe the Englifl? had fteer'd whereupon he purfu'd them to the River whither they were gone, which falling with
confiderable

three

Arms

known which way the Englifr went,

of Fowls driving in the Mouth of the leafc

into the Sea, they could not have

unlefs they had feen

fome Feathers

Branch, by which they judg'd that they were not far off therefore Rowing up
they found after four days Journey the Pinnace hal'd on Shore, and watch'd by fix
;

Men, who wereorder'd

to ftand Sentinel,

whereof one being (hot by the

Spaniards ,

the

hao.
ii.
I

<>AME%_ICA.

the other five fled

whom

Ortega purfuing,

199

found half a League from the Shore a

which he fpeedily carried to his

Barques but Captain Oxenham informed hereof,fell with two hundred Indians upon
their Backs made fuch advantage thereof, that
the Spaniards who having a Wood on

Hut made of Boughs, wherein

the

Booty

lay,

the reft fled, they had all

eleven Englifr were (lain, and feven taken, and had not
taken informed Ortega that
been either kill'd or taken Prifoners : Thofe that were

about dividing the Booty, which

they had been at difference amongft themfelves
how
was the reafon of their flaying fo long : moreover, they difcover'd where and
from
all which the Governor of Panama writ to lS[ombre de Dws
Ship lay

their

Sail

whence four

were immediately fent

to find out the Ship

and the buried Guns,

they fhould find preparing of Boats or Barques,

as alfo to take all fuch Englifl? as

and bring them to Panama whereupon very many were taken,

rably (lain, except a few Youths,

who were all

mife-

Sect.

III.

Darien.
which by fome Authors not being thought confiderable enough to f>efcrii*&a
make a diftin<5t Province, is reckon'd one and the fame with, or at leaft
on
part of, Panama, hath on the North the Diftrict or Circle of Panama
Eaftward it is bounded with the Gulf of
the South, the new Kingdom of Granada
Mm^abovefaid, and fome part of the River Darien, which giveth Name to the
of a more temperate Air by far
and to the Weft, with the South Sea
Province
than that of Panama, and a Soil fo admirably fruitful and lufty, that they fay Meare ripe and fit to
lons Cucumbers, and generally all other Fruits of the Garden,
Arien,

gather within twenty days or

lefs, after their firil

fowing, but very much infefted

by noxious Creatures, as Lyons, Leopards, wild Cats, Crocodiles, Serpents, and

Bats after whofe Bitings a Man bleeds to death, unlefs he wafhes the Wound well
with Sea-water, or flop it with hot AfheSj and no lefs by the unwholfomnefs of
arife from the muddy
the Air which is infefted by the many ftinking Damps that
Pools.

Yellow

Inhabitants are fickly, and feeming generally to be troubled with the

Jaundice, never attain to a great Age : they go naked, the Men onely co-

The

vering their Privities with a Shell or Cotton-Cloth : The Women wear a Cloth
which reaches from the Middle down to their Knees, but if Women of Quality,
to their Feet.

The

Spaniards

have

many

years ago

made themfelves Mafters of this Province of **$

which was inhabited till wkanbuik.

and made it a Bifhop's
a Spanijh Knight call'd Jncifius, Anno 1510. built Antiaua,
See which by reafon of the unwholfomnefs of the Place was remov'd to Panama,
when Vafque^Numie^difcovet'd the Southern Ocean, Jnno ^oo.becaufe Jntiqua lay
on a low Ground between high Mountains, where the Sun burnt exceedingly,
and the Way to the South Sea,being three Leagues from thence, it was very trou-

Darien, in

which

Jlpbonfus Fogeda built the City Sebajiian,

blefom to convey Merchandife thither.

But a worfe Accident befell the Town St. Crui^, which being built by the SpamjB.
Captain Peter de Jrias, was ruin'd by the Indians.
The chief Rivers are 1. Damn, which gives Name both to the Province and the
Provincial

Town, and

falls

eight Leagues over at the

manner through

into the Gulf of Urraba, being a large

Mouth

thereof.

2.

<$jo

the Province of Tfyya Andaluzja,

de

and

las

%edas,

falls alfo

Arm

of the Sea,

which runs in like

into the fame Gulf.
So

Rjrers,

*A
Solikewifedoth

on
Places

<$jo dc

ME

*KI.C

Chap.

A.

laTrepadera. 4. Corobac'u

5.

II.

Bern, chiefly remarkable up-

Confideration, that fome curious Etymologifts have endeavor'd to derive

the Name of <Peru from this River, by the alteration onely of the initial Letter.

of

chief note.

this

The

chief,

by Encifm, a

and indeed the onely

Town

of this Tract

Adventurer, and by him

SpaniJJ?

The Antique of Darien being one ofthe

,

fir ft

call'd St.

Towns

that

is

Darien, built as aforefaid

Maria Antiqua, and by others

were

built

by

the Spaniards

Land; though there are who make mention of two other fmall Towns
or Villages, the one nam'd at leaft, if not built by the Spaniards, viz. Los
Jngdos,

on the firm

fcarce inhabited at prefent

by any but the Salvages

;

Town

the other an antient

of

the Natives, call'd Bi%u.

Sect.

New
De(cripti.->n

of

IV.

Andaluzia.

Aftwardof Ddrieand theGulf of Urraba, lieththe Countrcy of

fy* Malm
zja otherwife call'd Carthagena, from the Name of its principal
City t On
the Eaft it hath the Countrey call'd St. Martha
on the North, the Main

New An-

Ocean

and

TS^ew

Granada towards the South.

ous Countrey, and

It is

for the

moft part

Mountain-

of Woods,which they fay yield abundance of Rozen,Gums

and fome very good Balfams alfo a fort of Long- pepper, much (harper
than
full

that

ofEaft-India. But the Plains, by reafon of much-Rain, to which the

Countrey is
Jubjea, efpecially for fome times of the year, of but a fpewy and cold
Soil.
The
Spaniards at their firft coming found it a rich Countrey, not To
much from the Nature and Profits of the Soil (though it be faid to have fome Mines in it,
and thofe of
Gold) but by reafon of a certain Opinion andRefpecl:, which the Americans
ofthefe
Parts are generally faid to have born towards this Countrey, infomuch
that they
would be brought and buried there from other Places very remote and
accord,
ding to the Cuftom of the Countrey, not without good ftore of Gold
and other
.

Jewels, according to the Quality and Condition of the Perfon that was
buried
of which the Spaniards foon gam d Intelligence, and in ranfacking the
Graves

and

Monuments of the Dead, are

iuppos'd to have found an infinite Mafs of Treafure

but thofe Mines are long fince exhaufted.
Nature anj
Cuiloins of
the

antient

Inhabitants.

The

Inhabitants of old luffer'd great prejudice by Tygers and

Serpents- yet
neverthelefsthis Countrey was very populous before the Spaniards
arrival here'; the
Natives wore Cotton Aprons before, and Golden Rings about their
Arms'and

Legs, as alio Strings of Pearl, and the like.

Pares,

went with

The Women

here, as in the reft ofthefe

Husbands into the Wars, and behav'd themfelves valiantly,

(hooting poyfon'd Arrows, infomuch that Martin Jmbefus took a Maid,
Anno 1509.
who had kill'd twenty eight Spaniards.

To
trey 1)rrabtt.

their

the Province Qarthagma belongs alfo the

Countrey Urraba, which

fo fruit-

is

kind of Spanijh Trees and Seeds grow better here than in Spain
Befides
hath its own Fruit, as alfo abundance of Pine and Palm-Trees,

ful, that all

which

it

whofe

Leaves fervc for Brooms.

The

Guaiana.T tec bears a fharp kind of Fruit like a

Lemmon,
Orange,

the Guaravana a kind of Cittrons, the Mameifa a Fruit

not unlike an
but tafting like a Melon, and the HoVos a great Plum.

Their Gardens abound with the Root Batata, whofe Leaves fend forth feveral
Strings, which over-fpreading the Ground fallen in the Earth,and take
new Roots
it is yellow without, and whitifli within,
and bears pale green Flowers, which at
laft turn to a Cod full of Seed.
Thefe Roots roafted in hot Afhes, exceed our Eu*
ropean

jam

<U

:hap. II.

M E<B^1 C

A.

Turnip and beaten and put in Water till it works over, makes a Drink
ith which the Indians Drink and Caroufe till they are Drunk.
Moreover, Unaba abounds in Venifon,Fifh, and all forts of ravenous Creatures,
)ean

Tygers, Lyons, and a particular flrange Beaft as big

as

an Ox, having an Ele-

a feangd
Bea " !

Nofe, Horfes Feet, and hanging Ears.

ants

The Trees

fwarm with

and efpecially near Lakes or Pools breed

leafants and Parrots, of which fome are bigger than Capons, others no bigger
likewife

Birds

an Chickens.
Againft Urraba juts the Mountain Abibe, whofe length Weflward remains un- TheMoun own j the breadth thereof in fome places is about twenty Leagues it hath
i

my Ways

which cannot be traveled with Horfes. The top of this Mountain is

inhabited- but along the Valleys, which are many and large, dwelt formerly a
ople that poiTefs'd great Riches in Gold,

which they gathered out of Rivulets

the tops of the Mountains. It Rains here almoft all the
.t fell Weft ward from
ir long, which makes the Ways very bad for Travellers to pafs.
At the Foot of this Mountain, towards the South, lie two fmall antientCafiqueiis, if

we may fo call them, formerly inhabited by

a valiant People, calFd Tarabe

ZenUj whether chiefly the dead Bodies were brought

from

the adjacent

all

untreys, to be buried in great State, as hath been before intimated.

The

Towns

principal

m the refemblance

of

belonging to Old

rcia

and Places of note are

its

Spain, or becaufe the

firfl:

d by Georgio ^pbledo, eight years after the

Epifcopal Metropolis

(fo call'd either

Situation with the City Qarthagena in the

City) which was begun to be built Anno 153

Charthagena,

i.

on

North

2.

is

the

of

Kingdom of ?timi&

Inhabitants were Citizens of the

by <Peter

firft

de Heredia,

but fully

Foundation thereof was

fini-

laid,

by the North Sea over a plain

How Ground on the Land fide the Sea flows through a narrow Bay by the
y towards the Lake Qanupote, which ebbs and flows equal with the Ocean, and
dvesanddifcharges its Water through two Pipes which lie under along Bridge,
ning Carthagena to the Main Coaft. This City boafted long fince above five
is

an d

Jj^

wafti'd

idred Stone Houfes, being divided into

fix

hundred and twenty Paces long

twenty

whereof four
a Garden
and the

fix large Streets,

behind each Houfe

is

The Dominicans Cloyfter is alfo

ly built
neither is the Francifcans inferior to it, who alfo poflefs a fecond Edi~
on the Main Continent over the Bridge. The Cuftom-houfe and Court where

irch appears above all the other Buildings

Courts for the whole Province of Carthagena are kept, are alfo

Haven hath two Entrances,

and

the chiefeft

whereof

lies

ftately Structures.

half a League Eaftward

La 'Boca, is as far again both very danges, becaufe of the many blind Rocks that lie before them.
Anno 1585. when Sir
icis Drake took Qarthagena by Storm, the whole was fortifi'd with Sconces, be*
the City,

the Weftern, call'd

two

Forts for the better fecurity thereof,

whereof one lock'd up the narrow

uth of the Haven withaftrong Chain
not far from which flood an Abbey,
licated to the Francifcans, and Wall'd round about
fince which they have fe,1 Out-works,
Forts and Towers, to prevent all foreign Invafions, The City
vs wealthy daily by the Teruan Plate-Fleet putting in there before they go to
n, and efpecially by the Trade from New Granada along the River Magdalena,
s

Haven, antiently call'd Codega, now Carex, inhabited by

sr-men when the Spaniards Landed there, is now defolate, the remainder of
that were deftroy'd by them being fled to wild places from the Spaniards CruIfland before the

notwithstanding the People hereabouts were valiant enough to Engage

them. But fince the Devaftation made by Sir Francis Drake, Carthagena hath

j;

teceiv'd

The

Defe

*j5*
rena.

^ M E %1 C

4
Solikewife doth

Places

of

chief note.

<Rjo dc

laTrepadera.

Chap.

J.

4. Corobaci.

II

remarkable up
on this Confideration, that fome curious Etymologifts have endeavor'd to deriv
the Name of Peru from this River, by the alteration onely of the initial Letter.
The chief, and indeed the onely Town of this Trad is Darten, built as aforefai

by

Encifus, a SpaniJJ?

Adventurer, and by him

The Antique of 3arien } being-one of the

on the firm Land

fir ft

5. 'Bern, chiefly

Maria Jntiqua, and by other

call'd St.

Towns

that

were

built

by

the Spaniard

though there are who make mention of two other fmall Town
or Villages, the one nam'd at leaft, if not built by the Spaniards, viz. Los
Jngelos
;

fcarce inhabited at prefent

by any but the Salvages

;

Town

the other an antient

the Natives, call'd 'Bi%u.

Sect.

New
Defcrlpti-m
of N-tw Ah-

IV.

Andaluzia.

Aftward ofDarien and the Gulf of Urraba,

lieth the Countrey of 2vVfo Andalt

otherwife
zja,
call'd Cartbagena, from the Name of its principal City
t
the Eaft it hath the Countrey call'd St. Martha
on the North, the Mai
;
Ocean 5 and 1S{tw Granada towards the South. It is for the moft part a Mountaii

ous Countrey, and

of Woods,which they fay yield abundance of Rozen,Gum

and fome very good Balfams alfo a fort of Long- pepper, much (harper than
;
th;
full

But the Plains, by reafon of mucrrRain, to which the Countrey

fubjed, efpeciallyfor fome times of the year, of but a fpewy and cold Soil.
Tf
Spaniards at their fitft coming found it a rich Countrey, not fo much
from the N;
ture and Profits of the Soil (though it be faid to have fome Mines in it,
and thofe
ofEaft-India.

<

Gold) but by reafon of a certain Opinion anjRefpecl:, which the Americans of

the
Parts are generally faid to have born towards this Countrey, infomuch
that th<
would be brought and buried there from other Places very remote and accon
;

ding to the Cuftom of the Countrey, not without good ftore of Gold
and oth
Jewels, according to the Quality and Condition of the Perfon that was buriec
of which the Spaniards foon gain'd Intelligence, and in ranilcking the Graves
ar

Monuments of the Dead, are

fuppos'd to have found an infinite Mafs of Treafure

but thofe Mines are long fince exhaufted.
Nature ani
Cuftoms of
the

antient

Inhabitants.

The

Inhabitants of old fuffer'd great prejudice by Tygers and

Serpents
neverthelefs this Countrey was very populous before the Spaniards
arrival

'

here'-

tl

Natives wore Cotton Aprons before, and Golden Rings about their Arms'ar
Legs, as alfo Strings of Pearl, and the like. The Women here, as in the reft of
the

Parts,

went with

Husbands into the Wars, and behav'd themfelves valiant!

(hooting poyfon'd Arrows, infomuch that Martin Jmbefus took a Maid,^wzo
150
who had kill'd twenty eight Spaniards.

To
I

cy 1)rrabit.

their

the Province Qarthagena belongs alfo the

Countrey Urr aba, which

fo fru

is

kind of Spanish Trees and Seeds grow better here than in Spain
Befic
hath its own Fruit, as alfo abundance of Pine and Palm-Trees,
wh<

ful, that all

which

it

Leaves ferve for Brooms.

The

Guaiana>Ttec bears a fharp kind of Fruit

lik

Lemmon,
Orange,

the Guaravana a kind of Cittrons, the Mameifa a Fruit not

unlike
but tailing like a Melon, and the HoVos a great Plum.

Their Gardens abound with the Root Batata, whofe Leaves fend forth feve
Strings, which over-fpreading the Ground faften in the Earth,and take
new Roc
it is yellow without, and whitifti within, and bears
pale green Flowers, whicf
lift turn to a Cod full of Seed.
Thefe Roots roafted in hot Allies, exceed our
ro

Chap.

II.

M E -%\ I C

<t

<

4.

Turnip and beaten and put in Water till it works over, makes a Drink
with which the Indians Drink and Caroufe till they are Drunk.
Moreover, Unaba abounds in Venifon,Fi(h, and all forts of ravenous Creatures,
as Tygers, Lyons, and a particular Arrange Bead as big as an Ox, having an Ele-

ropean

firangd

B<?Li

phants Nofe, Horfes Feet, and hanging Ears.

The Trees

fwarm with

and efpecially near Lakes or Pools breed

Pheafants and Parrots, of which fome are bigger than Capons, others no bigger
likewife

Birds

than Chickens.
Againft Urraba juts the Mountain Abibe, whofe length Weftward remains un- TheMoun
known ; the breadth thereof in fome places is about twenty Leagues it hath

many Ways which

uninhabited

The top of this Mountain is

many and large, dwelt formerly a

cannot be travell'd with Horfes.

but along the Valleys, which are

People that poiTefs'd great Riches in Gold, which they gathered out of Rivulets
that fell Weftward from the tops of the Mountains. It Rains here almoftall the
year long, which makes the

Ways

very bad for Travellers to pafs.

At the Foot of this Mountain, towards

cloms, if
de

we may fo call them, formerly

the South,

lie

two fmall antientCafique-

inhabited by a valiant People, called Tarabe

Zenu, whether chiefly the dead Bodies were brought from

all

the adjacent

Countreys, to be buried in great State, as hath been before intimated.

a
The principal Towns and Places of note are i. Charthagena, (fo call'd either
ffJJJ of
from the refemblance of its Situation with the City Qarthagena in the Kingdom of PrkeiP^
Murcia belonging to Old Spain, or becaufe the
laid City)
(Tied

by

which was begun to be

firft

built Anno 1532.

Inhabitants were Citizens of the

by

Georgia ^obledo, eight years after the firft

This Epifcopal Metropolis is on

on the Land
(hallow Ground

<Peter de

Heredia, but fully fini-

Foundation thereof was

laid.

North wafrTd by the North Sea over a plain

fide the Sea flows through a narrow Bay by the
City towards the Lake Qanupote, which ebbs and flows equal with the Ocean, and.
receives and difcharges its Water through two Pipes which lie under along Bridge,
joyning Cartbdgena to the Main Coaft. This City boafted long fince above five
the

hundred Stone Houfes, being divided into twenty fix large

are fix hundred and twenty Paces long
behind each Houfe
:

whereof four
Garden and the

Streets,
is

The Dominicans Cloyfter is alfo

fairly built
neither is the Franciscans inferior to it, who alfo poflefs a fecond Edifice on the Main Continent over the Bridge. The Cuftom-houfe and Court where
Church appears above

all the

other Buildings

the Courts for the

whole Province of Carthage na are kept,

The Haven hath two

from

and

Entrances, the chiefeft whereof

are alfo ftately Structures.

lies

half a League Eaftward

La 'Boca, is as far again both very dangerous, becaufe of the many blind Rocks that lie before them. Anno 1585. when Sir
Francis Drake took Qarthagena by Storm, the whole was fortifi'd with Sconces^ be*
fides two Forts for the better fecurity thereof, whereof one lock'd up the narrow
Mouth of the Haven withaftrong Chain not far from which flood an Abbey,
Dedicated to the Francifcans, and Wall'd round about fince which they have feveral Out-works, Forts and Towers, to prevent all foreign Invafions, The City
grows wealthy daily by the Teruan Plate-Fleet putting in there before they go to
Spain, and efpecially by the Trade from New Granada along the River Magdalena.
The Ifland before the Haven, antiently call'd Codega, now Car ex y inhabited by
the City,

the Weftern, call'd

Fiflier-men
thofe that

when

Landed
by them being

the Spaniards

were deftroy'd

there,
fled to

is

now

defolate, the remainder of

wild places from the Spaniards Cru-

notwithstanding the People hereabouts were valiant enough to Engage

with them. But fince the Devaluation made by Sir Francis Drake, Cartbagena hath
elties

.;

receiv'd

The Def
'

*&*.

AMERICA.
receiv'd a

more

Blow

Chap.

II.

was fcarce fully repaired, when five French

Privateers burnt the City to Allies
which Mifchief was occafion'd by a Spanifh Seaman, who being whipt by Command of the Governor, refolving
for Revenge
went from Spain to France, and conduaed the foie-mention'd
Ships to fathawta
where he reveng'd himfelf on the Governor for finding him
afleep, he firft wak'd
him, and after having told him of his caufing him to
be Whipt,. he kill'd him.
The Booty which the Spaniards carried from thence at that time
amounted to above
a hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats.
2. Tolu, by the Spaniards now cz\Y& St. ago,
twelve Leagues diftant from Car*
J
thagena, a Place memorable for the excellent
Balfam which is brought from
thence, and commonly call'd The <Balfam
it is gathered in
of Tolu
a Spoonful of
black Wax, (ruck under the Hole cut in the Bark of a low
Pine-Tree, out of which
in hot Weather runs a Golden colour'd Gum, very
foveraign, and of an
fata!

for

it

The

Balfrfm

f Tel* very
famous.

excellent

fmell.
3.

St.

Crux deMopox, a neat

two Rivers,

Town,

feated a little

above the confluence of the

Martha and Magdalena, which waters this Province.

4. Baranca deNolambo, a Place of great Traffick, efpecially for all

of the

St.

new Kingdom of Granada

Una, and about fix Leagues diftant

it

ftandeth

from the

upon

the

Banks of the River Magda.

Sea.

<Buena Vtfta, otherwife call'd St. Sebaftian de

'Buena Vtfta, a
oufly feated upon a rifing Ground not far from the
Gulf of Urraba,
5.

Town commodi.

Damn, about

League and a half from the

6. Villa de St. Maria, thirty

Rivers of

Commodities

The Province of

or the Sound of

Sea.

Leagues Southward of Carthagena.

Carthagena

amongft which the Stream Cauca

is

ftor'd

falls

with

many Brooks and

great Rivers

into the River Magdalena, beyond Popaydn

near Mopox,

The River

genu, which gives Denomination to the

above-mention'd Territory, makes a very convenient Harbor with
its Mouth, where

much

Salt is to

be had.

The Dana, which runs between Panama and

its

Carthagena into the Inlet Urraba, gives

Denomination to the foregoing Province, through which

italforuns,

as hath

been already mentioned.

The River which

was

for

its

greatnefs

is

call'd <%io Grande,

or Magdalena, (becaufe

it

on the Day Confecrated to that Saint) falls with fuch

force into the
Northern Ocean, about twenty three Leagues Eaft ward from
Carthagena, that run.
ning two Leagues broad and ten long into the Sea, it
retains its frefhnefs of Waterin which there lying many Rocks, makes
the fame very dangerous
difcover'd

for Ships.

Mouth of the Haven

In the

an Ifland, which is divided by the River, the wideft

and
moft frequented Channel of which refpeds St. Martha,
where thofe that carry the
Merchandife up this Stream to 2v> Granada, fpend two
Moncths in Toeing,
lies

come from thence in three Weeks.

Thunder and Lightning rages here many times

when,

as they

Midnight

after a terrible

manner from

Morning. In January there falls alfo abundance of Rain, which

ding from the Mountains fwells the River exceedingly.
till

gli-

Sect.

Chap.

M E%^i

<A

II.

Sect.
St.

4 C1

Martha,

Martha, fo call'd from the chief City of the Province,

ST.Weft with New Andaluzja

on the Eaft, with

d^'o de la

is

border'd on the

f^^V

Hacha-7 on the North, iU

with the Ocean ; and on the South, with New Granada ; It is about threeIt was antiently
lefs in breadth
score and ten Leagues in length, and not much
or petty Princes, Yi^
diftributed intofeveral little Seignories, Governed by Qifiques,
and beautiful Wo<Po%j(rueka, Betoma, <Buritaca y Cbimola, inhabited by valiant Men
:

men and above all the reft, Tairona, (whofe People for a long time maintained
War againft the Spaniards) lying at the Foot of the high Mountains Sierras N^vadas^
whofe fnowy Crowns are feen thirty Leagues off at Sea, and run along in a conti*
nu'd Ridge through feru and

Qrili

to the Straights of Magellan,

This Countrey was Difcover'd, and part of it Planted, Anno 1524. by %pderic de
his own People.
Baftredas, who afterwards was murder'd in his Sleep by
6
The Sun mines fo exceeding hot near the Sea-coaft, that there is no enduring of Jj^gJ:
occafion great Cold,and in g^f.
the fame- but upin the Countrey the fnowy Mountains
Harveft and Ottober

it

Rains exceedingly, whereas

at other times

it is

very dry

Wea- j o uo
es

and the Winds blow generally out of the Eaft or North*Eaft, yet the Land*
the
Breezes coming out of the Weft bring fometimes Rains with them. From
Mountains, which are ftony and barren, fall many Brooks and Rivers, which wa-

ther

and other Plants of which are often blafted by violent

nevcrthelefs Oranges, Lemmons, Granates,and all forts of Spanift Garden

ter divers Plains, the Grafs

Storms
Fruits

grow

here in great plenty.

The Woods afford

likewife Pigeons, Partridges^

Venifon and the like } the Rivers all manner of Fifh, which are feen to fwim in
Haven St. Martha,
great numbers twenty Yards under the Water, efpecially in the
tough Twigs
near which formerly liv d many Fimer-men, who with Nets made of
their Neighbors.
pleited together, caught fuch plenty of Fim, that they furnifh'd all
The Highways are made dangerous by Lyons, Tygers, and Bears.

Gold 5 Tairona, excellent Stones f{fJ f

s
Stones m
the Valley Tunia, tbefc Parts,
Gold
and
Porphyr,
Gravel,
Jafper,
the
and
Bleeding
againft
many rich Emeraulds, which Stones us'd to be in great efteem before America pro-

The Countrey 'Buritaca

affords the Inhabitants

duced fuch great numbers of them. Acofta relates, That a Spaniard defiring to know
who valued the one at
the Price of an Emerauld, fhew'd two to an Italian Jeweller,
full of
hundred, the other at three hundred Ducats but foon after feeing a Cheft

and that the Sute which the <%pman

Lady wore, being befet with Emeraulds, and valu'd at four hundred thoufand Dmc*fr,would not fell now for half fo much. This Stone or Jewel exceedingly fortifies
of Fenthe Sight, wherefore the Emperor Nero reprefented the bloody Encounters

them,faid they were fcare worth a Ducat apiece

alfojudgdto be good, againft the Falling-ficknefs,

Idols
wherefore the Indians hang them in their Kofes to this day, and adorn their
and in
with them 1 they grow in ftony Rocks along Veins, not unlike Cryftal,
Age are
time obtain a glittering Greennefs jthe biggeft of them that are found in this
Ornamoft efteerrf d of in Genua. The Emerauld Pillar, which as a wonderful
amongft
ment ftood in Hercules % Temple in the City of Tyrus, being very famous
perhaps of the
the Antients, was without doubt no more than a green Stone and
in the Cafame Material, was the Pillar ereded by the Arabian King Miramamolmes,

cers in an

Emerauld.

It

is

thedral at Corduba.

But the great fame of

\

thefe

Emeraulds incited Gon^alye^Zimenes,

Cover*

!|%

^Qijo

Governor of

St.

M E%I C

Chap.

A.

Martha, to leave his Place and

fsek

for

them

to
;

II

which end

h<

up the Rivulet Gayra with two Ketches and forty five Spaniards, who meeting
with the Cafique <Bagotta, got much Gold of him, and afterwards went to the
Valley Teffuca of which Simandoca being Governor, conducted Xitnenes^ twenty
Sail'd

Emerauld Rock, from whence he return'd exceedingly

the rumor of which fpreading up and down, made feveral travel thienriched
ther amongfl: whom was Teter di Lugo, Governor of Terra Firma, who fending for
three Leagues farther to an
.

Aid from Qanhagena, fought

at lafl

till
peter

diLu^

Bis Treachery

to the

Na-

QQ \d

>

being defeated he

wn

der'd a ll

welfares

t j?a ,

to Bagotta,

who

made Peace with them

refilled

him

for

fome time,

for a confiderable quantity of

not regarding
^
& his Word,* he Aplunthe Countrey, and having committed all imaginable Cruelties on the Naj cri

when

Teter di Luvo
-*

had

received,

invaluable Mafs of Gold and Emeraulds to St. Mar-

home with an

tives, returned
iht

way

his

^ ot long after the Welfares.

German Knights., came from Venezuela, (which Ci-

Emperor Charles the Fifth Morgag'd to them Anno 1518.) and travell'd
through the fnowy Mountains of St. Martha with Indian Guides, whofe Inftru
ty the

ctions following, they digg'd

many Emeraulds

out of the Valley Ftmia

the Inha-

of the Strangers, hang'd themfelves out of

defpair, though naturally valiant, and ingenious in working in Tapeftry the
fhapes of Tygers, Lyons, and other Beafts, and painting on the Walls of their
bitants of

which affrighted

at the fight

Houfes variety of Figures of divers colours, covering their Floors with Mats neatly
pleited of Rufhes. They fed on Fifli, Venifon, and Mansflefli, and alfo on the

Roots Agies,
Chief Cities
and Plaees
of note.

The

tailing like Chefnuts, Yuca, Mai%, Batata,

chief Cities

and Places of principal note in

and

this

Cajfada.

Province are

1.

St,

Martha,

which gives Denomination to the whole Province, it flands built at the North Sea,
which makes a large and convenient Harbor, being defended from the Winds by
high Mountains and two Ifles, is a Bifliop's See, and hath a large Cathedral. The
Houfes built of Canes are cover'd with Talmito^T rets, and fome with woodden
Shingles,

The Haven

hath neither Fort nor Caflle to defend

it,

becaufe there

is

no Trade but with the Indians, which bring Earthen Ware and Cotton Clothes to
fell
and becaufe the Spanijh Ships feldom come hither, the Place is much gone to
decay, and the more, becaufe it is no way defended againft any Aflault of an Enemy, which the French, and afterwards the Englifl?, under the Command of Sir Francis
j

Drake, and the following Year under Captain Anthony

Shirley

took advantage

of,

and

plundered and burnt the City.

1,

Teneriff, built

on

Banks of the River Magdalena, forty Leagues from

the

St. Martha,
3.

Tarn alame que, otherwife call'd Villa de

nenff, lying

on

high ftony Ground

furrounded with high Woods, as

vers,

The

Talmas, twenty Leagues South of 7e-

between which are plain Paftures for Cattel,

alfo Pools made by the over-flowing of the Ri;

whofe Banks are inhabited by the

Drinking.

las

Indians,

who are much addicted

Pools before mentioned produce abundance of

Fifli,

to Sleep and
as alfo

Cro-

and the terrible Manati before defcrib'd.

4. Ocanna, which hath an Inland Haven.

codiles,

5.

<3{amada,

formerly

calTd Sierra* NeVadas,

call'd

This

New

Town

Handing at the Foot of the Mountain

famous for its Copper and Brafs Mines.

Salamanca,
is

which built in the Valley Upari, ftands on the Shore of the

mighty River Guataporeya, where from the beginning of January till May the Eafterrt
Breezes moderate the Heat, otherwife intolerable
But the continual Rains there6. Cividadde

los

T^yes,

about occafions the Quartan Ague, and

hereabouts, falvage and valiant,

many

fuch like Diftempers.

would never fubmit

to the Spaniards,

The Natives
The peculiar
Plants

Chap.

AM E R

II.

I C

Tlie peculiar Plants of this Place ate the Tree XagU4 9 which bears a Fruit like
a Raifin, which dry'd and ground yields exceeding good Meal for Bread.
The Root Scorzpnera, which cures the Bitings of Serpents. The Indians alfo ufe

The Tree

the Tail of a Serpent for a

Remedy

againfl the Falling*ficknefs,

and

The Rood

ScCrzoncrtti

againfl: the

fnuflfthe

fame Evil,

Powder

as they take

in at their Noftrils,

Tobacco

and drink

the Juice thereof to caufe Loofnefs.

The

chief Rivers of this Province, are

folomino, fo callM

i.

from a

Spanijh

Cap-

Chief Rirefa

was drown'd there with his Horfe, falling from the Sierras NeVadas.
2. Guatupori, whofe Water caufes the Bloody*flux and Loofnefs, which again is
cur'd by the fame Water drunk with beaten Cinamon. Guatupori reckons many
Rivulets, amongft which the Cefar and Budtllozxt both large, deep, and abounding

tain, that

with

Fifli.

the City Los ^eyes are three great Water=pits, triangular

Near

between ftony

nigh which a Tradition goes, That of old there lurk'd a terrible Serpent,
which at times devour'd a thoufand People infomuch that none durft dwell there*
ClirTs

abouts,

certain Spa?iiards having the hardinefs

till

Serpent, heard a great noife in the Pits,

and curiofity to go feek out this

but faw nothing like the fore-mention'd

Animal.

Here

are likewife feveral Fountains of Pitch

Sect.

and Tar.

VI.

Rio dela Hacha.

Rio

dela Hacha

St. SMartha,

The
which

is

the

Name

waftfd on

of a

all

Province lying oh the North.Eaft of&we&jfa

'"'
other parts with the Waters of the Main Ocean,
little

or with the Gulf or

Bay of Pene%iiela.

Towns

Province, are

chief

gives

of

this

Denomination

butotherwife feated

i.

fmall

Town

to the faid Province, having

in a Soil very rich

and

fertile,

call'd

De

la

Hacha

no convenient Haven,

not onely of

all forts

owns
chief
of this Pro^
vincei

of Fruits

and Plants, efpecially fuch as are brought from Spain, but likewife in many Mines
of Gold, Gems of a large fize and great value, and many excellent Salt=Wiches, as
they call them It is eight Leagues diftant from Salamanca aforefaid, and eighteen
5

frome

Cape VtlU } the molt. Wefterly

with the
Drake in

Point or Foreland of the Bay of Venezuela

and

had the hap to be furpris'd and pillag'd by the Engtijh with Sir Francis
the Year 1595. who refused twenty four thoufand Ducats, which the Go-

reft

vernor profFer'd him for the Pearls he had taken,

2.

%ancheria, fix Leagues Eaftward of

La Hacha, inhabited

Fillers, or fuch as get their Living for the moil; part

was wont
3.

good on

to be

Tapia, five

Parts were laid

chiefly

by Pearl-

by Fifhing for Pearl, which

thefe Coafts.

Leagues from La Hacha, and conllderable, for that the adjacent

wafte by the Englifr, to revenge the perfidioufnefs of the Governor

of Salamanca, refufing to pay the four thoufand Ducats he had promised, upon Condition of their fparing the Town.

The
was

laft

King of thofe

Abtbeca,

who

could not be

on the top of a Tree,

Ax

to the

Root

that Governed in

till

won

to

any of

come down from

a Spaniff) Officer,

one

of Terra Firma, am? fc

Palace, which he had *isi?Mtinai

thefe Provinces
his

Francifco.de

Fanque^ began to lay an

thereof.

After Didaco Niquefa, Jlphonfo Oreda, and Ancifo, had made Very large Difcdverics in thefe Provinces, Valboa was the flrftthatdifcover'd the Way to the South-Sea.
Q^c|

CHAP,

AMERICA.

CHAP.
New
He new Kingdom

Firft Difco.

very of 2Zew

Granada.

Tj

Chap.

III.

III.

Granada.

of Granada, as

commonly

'tis

call'd,

wa

for the

moft

part both difcover'd and conquer'd by Gonfalvd Ximenes, about the Year

and with fo good

1536.

fuccefs, that in lefs than a years ipace, the

whole

Countrey was quietly fetled under the Spaniards Government, and the Captain with
his fmall Company had made fliift to gather together fuch a Mafs o Treafure as

may feem

almoft incredible,

whom

treys,

vi^.

from

the ^eguli, or petty Princes of thofe

he had either deftroy'd or

made Tributary.

Relation of Xmines his Journey take as followeth

Gwfalvt X/mines

his

pedition.

Ex-

Being

fent out

by

Peter Ferdinando de Lugo,

Coun-

But a more particular

to difcover the Countreys that lay

along the River Magdalena, he traveled upon the right

fide

of

it

with great trouble

brambly Woods, Moors, and deep Brooks, made the Way exceeding bad to be traveled, but alfo the Inhabitants, who fell upon him from their
Ambufcades yet at lad: he reach'd Tora, which Name he chang'd into Pueblo de los
Bracos, becaufe four Rivers unite their Waters there. Here ordering his Briganfor not onely the

tines

which were come up

the River to call their Anchors, he judg'd

it

convenient

fwoln Rivers had drown'd the adjacent Coun

trey. Ximenes obferving that the Indians fetched Salt from the Sea-fide, judg'd that
the Countrey was inhabited, and therefore in fair Weather march'd up to the
to ftay all the Winter, becaufe the

Mountain

Opou,

behind which he found a Countrey

due'd Cakes of Salt.

who

And fomewhat

full

of Salt-pools, which pro.

by the Cafique
when he heard the

farther the Province Govern'd

was foon put to flight,

noife of the Guns. The Punches divided from Bogata's Countrey by a fmall Mountain, alfo maintaining continual Wars with him, furTer'd the Spaniards unmoIcfted to travel through their Countrey, and the Valley La Trompetta, to a high barren Mountain, on the top of which Ximenes found feveral EmeraulJs; and going
from thence fell upon the Cafique Tunia, and three days Journey farther, upon the
Governors Sagamofa and Diutama ; from which three Countreys he carried above a
hundred and ninety thoufand pieces of fine Gold, fifty five thoufand pieces of inBogata,

different

at firft refitting the Spaniards,

Gold, and eighteen hundred Emeraulds

all

which the Spaniards left behind

with Guards whileftthey went back to Bogata, whom they found, lying dead of his
Wounds on a high Hill But Sagipa, Bogata's Succeffbr, receiv'd Ximenes with great
:

Civility, to engage his AiTiftance againft his

notrefufe him

but afterwards he

fell

Neighbors the Ranches

were which

(Bogata

had

which he did

upon the faid Sagipa, whom

or would not difcover where

moftperfidioufly

he caus'd to be Executed, becaufe he either could not,

thofe Riches

left

behind him.

After he had pillag'd the

Region Neyba, and brought into fubje&ion the whole Countrey, he gave it
the Name of NeTb Granada, from Granada the place of his Nativity, being the chief
City of the Kingdom of Granada in Spain, and built the City Santa Fe 5 which done,
he quitted the Place, upon information that Sebaftian de BeVaka^ar coming from
(popayan, was feeking a Way Northward
and not long after him Nicholas Federtnan

little

follow'd, each claiming J&tj? Granada as their Right, whereas Ximenes, alledg'd,

That

the

firft

Difcovery thereof was to be afcribed to him onely

ing, they refolv'd that itfhould be at the

King of S/^m's

difpofal.

at laft

Agree-

Chap,

ilf;

'

The

H M..E %J C A

i6

ancient Inhabitants,

nam'd Moxd's, divided their Countrey into two

chief
Principalities, Vt K Bogota and Tunkk, which before
the Spaniards Arrival were each SJ28
under their particular ftjfyw or Prince. The Men were
of a good proportion.
the Women alfo handfomer, and of a fairer Complexion
than their Neighbors
Their Habit alfo confifted of black, white, and divers coloured
Cotton Cloaks,
and fome alio had Bonnets of the fame. The temperatenefs

L nm

of the Climate makes'

between Winter and Summer. Their Houfes
were of Planks and
cover'd with long Ruflies, Their chiefeft Food was Ma
K and Cafive, which firft
grows on Stalks as large as Canes, containing very large and
weighty Spikes of
Ears, each Ear generally yielding feven hundred Grains,
which are Planted in hot
and moift Ground 5 one Bufliel Sow'n^ generally produces three
hundred. But the
Mai^is diftinguiffi'd into a courfer or liner fort, which laft
little difference

U&WdMbrothe,

the

Leaves and Canes whereof afford a wholfom Provender for

Horfes, and the Corn,
Bread for the Inhabitants, who make it feveral ways for
fometimes they boyl it iri
Water,and at other times parch ic in Allies, or grind it to Meal,
which kneading
;

in-

Dough,they make into Cakes, Biskets, and the like

Moreover, Mai K fteepM in
Water,and after being boy I'd and fet a wdrking,makes a very ftrong
Liquor. They
alfo ufe Cajfada, which they make of the Root Yuca,
which being large and thick, is
cut in pieces, grated, and all its Juice, which is deadly
poyfon, being preis'd our,
to

is

Bak'd

in thin

Cakes.

There

likewife another fort of Yuca, which hath not fo

poyfonous a Juice, keeping good a long time, and is both wholfom,
and of a good
is

The Natives of old liv'd much upon

tafte.

Roots Yomus, and Cubias, all forts of

Fifli, which the Rivers and Lakes afford
in great abundance.
of the Natives, area deceitful, crafty, and ingenious fort
of
the

Venifon, Fowls, and

Thofe

that are left

People, very apt to learn Art, and to Trade with Salt

to

Mountain

Opou.

Grande,

and the

Copper and Steel-Mines, this Countrey hath alfo feveral of Gold and
the Fields produce all manner of Plants.
The fanchas which remain are yet a falvage People, but their
Countrey is an iridifferent fertile Soil, though not in
all places alike
for thofe which border upon
Junta fed much heretofore on Pifmires, of
which fome being long, have double
Wings, others letter and without Wings which laft
fort being roafted, are ac*
Befides

n*u

The

of the Pan-

that.

counted a great Dainty^ and a fpeedy

Remedy

againft the Diftemper of the Gravel.

There are alfo a fort of venomous Pifmires, which flinging

a Man, caufe
ing and great itching, and thefe are eall'd Tayohes,
whofe

a fuell-

Stings are cur'd by a

of bruisM Pifmires.
The Countrey is bounded on the North with
v
fyftelh J^iafortfaid
on the
Weft, with Mare del Zur
on the Eaft, with Venezuela, the Southern parts of
it
being not well difcover'd, by reafon of certain
huge and unpayable Mountains
which block it up wholly on that fide, fav onely where
a PafTage is kept open into the Province of <Peru, fpecially fo call'd
It contained in length about a hun*
dred and thirty Leagues, and not much lefs in
breadth, being for the moft part a
very healthful Countrey, and abounding
in Mines of the beftfort of Metal befides
others of Brafsand Iron. It is fubdivided
into thefe two Provinces, yi
K 'Granada
and Topayana*
Plaifter

E C

T1-

-^

-'of Movx
s

&
Granada.

*A

og>

ME

%^I

Sect.

Chap. HI.

C A.

II.

Granada.
%mada,

Description

of

Gt attain

fpccially fo call'd,

is

a Countrey of a very temperate and

good A ir,

been before obferv'd, neither fubject to over-much Cold, nor to

which is the more to be admir'd by reafonof its near*
extremity of Heat
as hath

from which

nefs to the Line,

Towns of
chief note.

The Towns and

it is

diftant

Northward but

Places of chief importance are,

a very

few Degrees.

St. Foy,

i.

commonly

call'd

which was the old Name of this Province, and to diftinguifh it

from another St. Foy, in. the Countrey of 2v^Tl? Mexico above mentioned. It is the Metropolis and Capital City of this Province, an Arch-bifliop's See, and the ordinary
Refidence of the Governor, built by the above-mentionM Gonfaho Xitnems upon
the Lake call'd Guatavita, and hath been long fince inhabited by above fix hundred
St. Foy de Bogota,

Families of Spaniards.

and a well Traded Town.

The Indians that dwell about this Place being above five thoufand, pay great Tribute yearly. Not far from hence lies the Lake Guatavita, where the Inhabitants in
i

twelve Leagues Northward of

St. Michael,

much Gold

former times OrTer'd

Tocaima, fourteen Leagues

3.

St. Foy,

to their Idols.

Weft ward from

within a Territory which

St. Foy,

anciently belong'd to the Ranches, who yet poflefs the worft part of it, lying

and unreduced
Commodities
treyof
camta.

SJ"

It is

iituate

on

the

Banks of the great River

fati,

which

ftill

wild

falls

into

This City, which enjoys the benefit of a wholfom Cli*

mate,, is furrounded with Mines of Gold, Copper, Silver, and Lead. And befides
.
the Fruits of the Countrey, all Spamjb Plants thrive exceedingly after once Planted
and though Sheep will not breed here, yet Kine, Hogs, and Goats increafe daily,

the Rivulet Magdalena.

The Woods produce Nut*

but are often devour'd by Tygers, Lyons, and Bears.

Trees, Cedars, Guaiacum, or

<Poc &-J#W,and

fall off

every twelve hours, and

ny and

feveral.

Near

grow

the

again.

wonderful Tree Zeyba, whofe Leaves

The Fowls

whofe Waters cure Scabs

Water, which thrown on

the City are fulphurous Fountains,

In the Valleys alfo flow Springs of fait

and Leprofie.

of this Countrey are ma*

good to make Boats tight. The tops of

the Mountains are continually covered with Snow, notwithstanding fome of them
vomit forth horrible Flames and Afhes, which are blown feveral Leagues over the
Countrey. The vicifTitude of the Weather occafions two Summers and two Winthe fir ft Winter
the firft Summer begins in December, and the fecond in June
ters
Herbs, turns toRozenand Pitch, and

is

This alteration of Seafons

r r
is not diitinguifh'd by any change of Heat or Cold, but the continuance of fair
Weather during the Summer, and in the Winter, of fuch terrible Hurricanes, that
blow from North to South, or from South to North, with fuch Thundering and

accordingly begins in March, and the other in October.

Lightning, as

if

the end of the

World were

at

The

hand.

here are Cedars, and one that bears exceeding great

bears a pleafant Fruit about the bignefs of a Goofe-Egg

large as Oranges.

The Jgna^a which grows

pean deeping under

it,

here

is

chiefeft

Almonds. The Quaque

grows high and round,

alio

and the Fig-Tree, Figs as

or fuch a nature, that an Euro*

fwells exceedingly, but an Indian burfts.

Sprigs of the Hobo, which

Trees that grow

The Bark and

ferve againft Swellings

and Ul-

and occafion alio Loofnefs. Sugar-Canes grow alfo here in great abundance,
amongft which feed certain Beads like Hogs, whofe Navels grow on their Backs
and large Stags. The Fountains in mod places of this Countrey run with falc
Water

cers,

'

.....

I
'

Chap.

*A

III.

Water- and

(oifactimcs Salt

M E%_tC

frcfli- Water

found becwcri

is

o 9

A.
Brooks.

The

Natives,

and well proportioned, are fince their giving over eating

increased, and many of them forfaking their Heatheniffi Idola.
of Mans-flefh much

who ar6

valiant, fubtile,

Religion.
have embraced the (^pman-Xatholick
in a certain Territory, the People whereof were
4. Lafalma, built Anno 1572.

try,

antiently call'd Mufi and Colym*.

which is indeed the ihiifatfwiela renewed, or a City fprung out of

Tudela ftood on the Shore of the River Zarbi, which runthe Ruines thereof. This
makes the Rivulet Turatena, and in the fame Terri*
ning between high Mountains,
mentioned, vi% of the Mufi Sc Colyma,by whom the Spaniards,
tory as La Pdlma above
they deferted the fame,
who had here a Colony, were fo exceedingly molefted,that
Trinidad,

5.

de Orfua
together with their Governor Peter
was again re-built by the Name of Trinidad

yet not long after the forfaken Place

but that Place proving incommodi.

now it is to be feen on a
was again abandoned, and a new Trinidad built, where
high and cold Mountain Paramo. From feve*
convenient place Eaftward from the

ous,

xal rich

Gemmaries thereabouts

are digg'd

monds, white Marble, and the Beryl,

6.

Tunia,

on a'high

ers are feen at

of Emeraulds, Cryftal

like

on the Mountains Ytoco and

which it gives Denomination

efpecially

having a Territory about

Hill,

ftore

to

it,

Dia*

Jbifi.
It lies

from whence the Church and two Cloyftcrs of the 'Dominican Fryin 2v>
a great diftance. Here alfo is kept the greateft Market

Granada*

from

7. Pamplona, fixty Leagues diftant

North-Eaft, abounding

St. Toy to the

with Cattel and Gold.

the
8. Merida, furrounded with Corn-Fields,

fartheft

Town

>

of

this

Province

North-Eaftward towards Venezuela.

by a burning a Mountain that
a. <Beh'i, which though it fuffcrs great prejudice
is the greateft Refiderice
vomits Fire and Stdnes, and alfo Thunder and Lightning,

of feveral Orders of Fryers.

10. Htrefiita, otherwife callM St. SebaJlianddOro,

which

lies

under a hot Cli-

mate, and hath much Pafture.

fbague, the Habitation chiefly of Dominicans.
1 1
and 13. Juan de los Lanos, Or St. John of the Wains,
12. la Vittoria de los ^emedios
are good Silver and Goldin a rich Nook of the Countrey, where there
.

feated

Mines.

The Merchandife

that

come

to thefe

Towns.are brought up

the River

Magdaknd

in Canoes of fixty Foot long.

Sect.

III.

Popayaiia.
POpayana,

the other part of this

part of Granada

new Kingdom,

is

border'd on the Weft with

fpoken of,from which the River

laft

St.

Martha divides

it

for

the
hath Nova Andalusia, or Carthagena- on
unreduced Countrey
Weft, Mare del Zur ; and on the South, Quito, or rather fome
Leagues from
It extends in length above a hundred
lying betwixt them both
Sea, not much
North to South, but in breadth, betwixt the River and the South

the moil: part

On

the

North

it

'

above forty or

fifty.

The Countrey

is

faid to be a little too

much

fubjeft to Rairt,

of the Inhabitants
yet not fo, but that the fertility of the Soil anfwersthe induftry
in

moft places very welL

Sebajtian

Sittnticn

ard Defcription of Pe<

fayaiat.

^j.IO

A.

Chap.

III.

Governor of Quito, marching Jnno 1536. with a

Company
of Spaniards to Otabalo, where the Countrey Tapayan begins, was often
let upon by
the Natives from their Ambufcadcs, and the many
Inconveniences which he fuffer'd for want of Provifions, and trouble of travelling
over the high Mountains
had neceiTitatcd him to return, had he not been refolutely
Sebaftian de Bevalca^ar,

bent to difcover

Countrey;

to

which purpofe marching on

the'

he came into the heart of

Topayan, where his wearied People fufficiently refting
themfelves amidft a fruitful
Countrey, where they found pleafant Fruit*Trees, Houfes
full of Provifions,
leifurely,

and

Rivers, which glided from the Mountain Andes, and

fome of the Rivulet's alfo
affording Gold, were encouraged to build feveral
Villages
in which neverthelefs
they made no Settlement, either becaufe they could
not get Gold enough, or elfe
being driven from thence by the valiant Natives.
The Places of chief note in it, are 1. (popayan, fituate on the Banks of
a fair River, but not nam'd, and in the midft of a Plain in
a place of great Wealth, and enjoy ing a good Air. The original of the Name Popayan
is from the
frelli

M E ^1 C

Cities

and

Towns of
chief note.

vern'd there at the time of the Spaniards

C^e who Go,

firft

Arrival.

wards the North ked many

fat Cattel.

The

a Bifhop's See, and the

The chief Buildings are the

It is

ordinary Refjdence of the Governor of the Province.

Cathedral, and a Monaftery of the Fryers Ve laMerced.

The

Savanna Grounds to-

Fields produce the beft American

Some of the

MaiK .

adjacent Mountains either vomit Smoak,Flames, great

Stones,or folding Water, leaving a Salt behind it. Beyond the City
Popayan the great

River Ma?*

dalena takes its original in the

Mountain

by the

Andes, inhabited

2. Mtiochia, other wife

Valley

call'd

Cali,

where

feveral

Cocunocos, unite their

Brooks gliding from the

Waters,

on the Borders of Nen> Andaand about a hundred Leagues from Popayan. In the midft
of a fmall Territory
to which it gives Name, in the Valley Nore,
between the River Magdalena and Daria
wafli'd by Rivulets, whofe Sands are Golden, and
whofe Banks are (haded with all
forts of Fruit-Trees. The Inhabitants
white and very rational, fleep in the Nieht
under the open Skye
Their Houfes are built a good diftance from the
Highways near which the Paftures feed abundance of Sheep.
The Pools breed plenty
of Fifli, and the Mines ftore of Gold, efpecially in
St. Fides de Antiochia,

lusia,

the

Caramanta, feated likewifeon the

3.

Mountain

Suritica.

Banks of the River

St. Martha, within a little

Province alfo of the fame Name the Inhabitants
whereof being valiantand ftronz
go naked, and dwell in little Huts, make white
Salt out of a Fountain and a little
Lake: they generally go to Antiochia in fix hours,
which is forty five Leagues fo
iwift runs the Stream.
.

4. St. Anne, in the Cantred or

the fide of an Hill betwixt

than

fertile

Salt Jn^er

two

The

It
it

Rivers.

5.

Salt,

was
is

The

two

Hundred of Jn^erma, a

Rivers, and in the midft of Plain no

is

inhabited by

firft

St.JagoieAnm,

little

this Place is the

moiftned by feveral Rivers

coming

thither,

Children.
6.

pleafant

Air being exceeding hot, lightens generally every

day.

fruitful Plains,

*t the Sp Mt ards

lefs

upon

by BeValcazar, beczufc the Indians of this Place name

the
furrounded with Villages and Woods on a high Plain
between

Village Tueblo Liana, which

many

fituate

fo call'd

and have alio Golden Rivulets. Near

ing of

Town neatly

built in a

People,

who Trade

in

Valley Jburra, confift,

the Inhabitants

whereof

hang'd themfelves, with their Wives and

Wood

of Palra-Trees, fo nam'd from the Territory m which it ftandeth, rich and

famous for its Mines of Gold, which it is faid to
have many and very good
The Ground round about being Mountainous, hath
leveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof
call'd Di Anna, is dangerous to crofs,
efpecially
:

in

?1

Chap.

III.

The unwholfom

in Winter.

other Fruits that

in this

County,
it

is

A.

Air hereabouts occafions

Adjacent to

Blood.

as red as

Urine

grow

WE RI C

many

Sickneflcs.

which whoe're

the Pytahay*.,

Amongd
eats,

voids

and

are the little Provinces Paucuran, To'^o,

hath high
which poflefs Golden Mines alfo the Territory Qarrapa, which
likewife the County Quimbaya, which aand rugged Land, and many Rivulets
in
Natives build their Houfcs
bounds with thick and long Canes, wherewith the
wild Bees gather ftore of Honey and amongft
the hollow Bodies of thefe Canes the
Bead: Chuca, which carries
them breed alfo exceeding great Lyons, the four-footed
Bag,Stags,Rabbets and Guadaquinajes, which being bigger than Hares,
its Young in a
fmoaking
good Meat. The Mountain ]S[eVada wonderful high, and
:

Ticara,

are exceeding

6c De la Cequo. Twenty Leagues ot

continually produces the golden Kiv crsTacurumbi
Quimbayaespnd by which
more diftant from St.Jago is, 7. Carthago y zhe chief City of
Climate here gives Health and long Life
the aforefaid Rivers run. The temperate
of fait Water, and the Fruit Caymko,
to the Inhabitants, who havefeveral Fountains
Kernels, and a Juice which Dyes
not unlike a Peach, black within, having little
Horfes and Cows they have likewife very
fo deep, that it can fcarce be wafli'd off.
the
Plain between two Rivulets
plentiful Carthago it felf ftands in a pleafant

fame

that lead to the

Ways

are very dirty, becaufe of the continual

Rain which

flows the
with Lightning and Thunder. A League beyond the City
Salt is made.
Stream Confota near which lies a Lake, out of which
the Governor and Colkaor, lying under a
8. The City Call, the Refidence for
falling from the Mountain, glides
hot Climate in a plain Valley at a River, which
Round about the fame dwelt antiently feveral People,
Ito the Stream Mdgdahna.
Gorron, the Cbancos, Giants,
l^.the Gorroms, fo call'd, becaufe they nam'd a Fifh
Jgnales, and Los Timbas, inhabi*
with long Faces and broad Foreheads,the Jarbacoas
but raoft of them were flain by the Spaniards, or
ting among barren Mountains
to the tops of the Mountains. The
deftroy'd by one another, few onely efcaping
have alfo devoured many of the
Countrey alfo fwarms with wild Beafts, which
falls there,

"

Inhabitants, both Indians and Spaniards.

which live feme Fafrom New Spam to fopayan, Cali, and

milks which fend the Commodities that come
Vagua, convenient
and though there be a Way along by the River
other Places
Cattel are fo weait is feidom us'd, becaufe the
for Mules and Horfes to travel, yet
their Loads ;
Journey, that they cannot go through with
g9

The Haven

Bonaventnre, fituate in a deep Inlet, about

ried out with the long

wherefore they employ the

which they do

tains,

10.

St.

Juan

Indians to carry their

Reward.
giving Denomination

heavy Burthens over the

Moun-

for a fmall

de <Pafto,

to the

Countrey about

it,

and being

fituate in a wholfom Climate,

the pleafant Plains of the Valley Jtris, is
the Boundary of
and is moiftned by feveral Fountains and the River Jngafmayo,
Cartel, and efpeThe Spaniards have feveral Houfes here, and breed (lore of
<Peru.
which they make abundance oi
daily Hogs. They have likewife Sugar-Mills, with

built

on

were falvage, deform d, and of little Reafoo.

hoc
the Countrey about, is plac'd under a
it. Timana, giving Denomination to
great Trade with Thred fpun
Climate, yet the Inhabitants live long they drive a
Honey and
Herb Vita and alfo with Sweet-meats, Fruits Preferv'd with
Sugar.

The

antient Inhabitants

out of the

In their Gardens they Plant

Sugar, and efpecially'a Kernel not unlike an Almond.
Itrengthning of their Hearts.
the Herb Qocoa, which they chew conftantly for the
the Habitations
Near Pita is a Mountain with Load*ftones and fomewhat farther
*

of the valiant Means

in the

Mantpos, which
Valley Jqnirya, the faeces, Pixaos, and

fo molefted the Spaniards, that they forced

St.

Vincent and

Ville de los Angelas*

them

to forfake the

Towns

J^eyra,

JME%ICJ.

4I *
Guadalajara de !Bu a

12.

and

15. Sebaftian

<Wi,

River

Chpn iy

del, Wata

built

^,
SSSSf

built

rfe

Tj-wxitfo,

16. Madrigall.,

"nngthe Heft

" d " whkh fed

which the JdMj

7 . QbafancUfa:',
about which inclofe ftore of Gold.
i

^-f^.S2SSS
call

^w.

*&/. 2nd

18.

&

the

Between the Promontory Be Corrienus and

the Ifland */, are
< and ftrf/w, which fall into the
<?, ?.
Southern Ocean
t
habited by a falvage People which
dwell il
o
eT^e
ver oftentimes overflows the Countrey.
They fowe P eafeTnd
Fift, but buy other Provifions,
with Gold.
The Me Ger

Againft the

gontt.

f their

on a high Mountain, and lyina

under a rnnl rl;

fr " i,fc,Fi

15. Jwan

PI

Mouth of

Mou nms

the Rivers

..

"'"

t^f
f?$
L t *"

*'

and Catch

River St. Juan lies the Ifle Gor

& ona, three League, 1
is compared to
Hell, becaufe of the d.Tma
Woods
barren Mountains, Millions of
Muftiibo's, whofe Stind
ui"
this

"

circumference, which

*.

upon
and

,t,

Si"
1
* - * 55 r

in omuch
the
g
Weft.South.Welt from ;
Gorgon* lies the round Ifland
Del
e

-rr f ip

circumference

**

,
,ntolerablc

'

Gallo

"S"

about a

is^divided

by feveral Rivers, and round

about
Trees, on which the Indmns dwell
as at the River St.
Juan.
,: it

jfc.

CHAP.

IV.

Peru.
The Defcription and

fo calt'd, asTome think,

&,

from the River -Bern afore mention*

in tne
Southern part of An**, was antiently
a great and mighty
Kingdom a
Iter, in the Northern, and fell under
the Power of
the^Lw/rnucI'af

Divifion of
Peru.

ter-Ac

fame manner that the Kingdom

of Mexico did, Vi* through the
Dilutions
and Difference; amongft the
People themfelves, as in th^H.ftorylf
his con
confier"
"deraMet of the No, World will be related
,

at large hereafter.

The Kingdom of the Kings of Cu/co,

which in fome fence, and by fome
upon occafion is call'd The %n do
m off.ru, was extended
the laft

22!new
ZlKingdom of r f ^and
ly

&

aSrea

^properly

f Granada,

fo call'd,

contained

dre d Leagues in length,

and about

Degrt s
Sat

v,ft

with A?

divers other Provinces to the

little

more than

half fo

much,

North

^T

but

^. 1'hun

or threefcore in breadth,
except

fifty

Writers

K ing
a thoufand Leagues together
comorS
Pr VinCe f
-wardf the South??;

9 <?, from North to South above

alio the

r^t
onelvL

,., where
thought
57-y
t0the SoU * S
& h between the
and
S SoX ^"
KUde 3nd
b

Unded
0n
the
Eaft and North-Eaft
"
"

tK

'tis

it

firft

Ri

"

^mXJav^^
Ninerl^ZtL^n^V^'

d,e Countrey about which

exceedin.lv
and the Inhabitants with their Neighbors
the
Prifoners to Sale in the publick Shambles.
14.

on

'

Which

""I""
" thC

th

Cal1 the

^
y

**'

on * Weft

'

Ch

'

w ^^

it is

with

wafiVd

W a% ^W,
^.^

0Un " e y of
^
So th
f;
It,SC
m ; y d videdi -'h- parts, which
;
The
SlfflSi
mi-Qountrey, and Ifc **,
the fUlns
th

fifth

on the

^ ^^
they

c'all

j.-

ale

;-

'

13

wn
i

[mm

^1

L nn

M ni
i

Ul

njwn

mijJ

iiw

Lm

mi

ic

W nX
i

J -

lhap. IV.
loner

upon

t all.

The

M E'K.l

the Sea-Coaft, being for the

Sierra, as

they call

it,

mod

C A.
meer Level without any Hills

part a

or HdUQountrey,

is

415

that part of Peru

which

part*

is

mountainous and partly plain, fertile and well inhabited in both. The Andes sly e
hih, rocky, and inacceflible, that they are fcarce inhabited at all but by Salvafave onely upon the skirts of them. The 'Plains from the Sea-fliore to the
ges

Mill
t

Countrey, axe for the

moft part about ten Leagues over or broad, upon which

fcarce raineth all the year long.

n breadth where narrowed

The

Hill-Countrey

and from September

commonly twenty Leagues

is

to

jipr'tl

hath Rain, the

reft

of the

but on the Andes, which take up all the reft

/ear generally being fair Weather
In the
>f the Countrey of Peru, it raineth almoft continually all the year long.

miLCountrey their

Summer

begins in April, as

is

begins in October, and ends in May

he Plains

it

riav fcell

both

Summer and Winter

faid,

and ends

in September

To that in the ipace

but in

of a day a

be fcorch'd with exceffive Heat in the

Man

Morn*

ng, ahd yet well nipt with Cold before Night. The Andes generally are cover'd
with thick Woods and wild Forrefts.The Hill Countrey is for a great fpace naked and

would be much more fcorch'd

vith Heat than they are, but for the neighborhood of the Sea, which affords them
nany cooling Gales from the South and South-Weft Winds, whofe property, al;hough it be natural in other parts to be tempeftuous, to bring Rain and foul WeaDpen

the Plains in

ker, yet here there

many

is

places fandy and dry, and

nothing but Serenity and

fair

Sun-fhine days

all

the year long

upon the Countrey, and no

Dther at any time, whereas the Sierra, or Hill* Countrey s have Wind from every Coaft,
mdfuch asbrihgeth all forts of Weather with it, Rain, Hail, Froft, Snow, great
ilthough thefe Winds

;laps

of Thunder,

Grc.

blow almoft without

ceafing

The Countrey afTbrdeth nop

fo

much Cattelof the

breed of commeii-

Kineand Sheep,the Woods countrey*

md Paftures are replenifh'd with multitudes of the Vicugnes and Pacos, which are of
as big as fome young Hei*
[io lefs Profit and Service. The Pacos here are faid to be
fers of two years old, bearing a Fleece like Sheep, and their Flefh no lefs pleafant
than the Mutton of Europe. But the great Wealth of this Countrey lies out of fight
Europe as

fome other Provinces of *Amerk4;but

in ftead or

in

the bowels of the Earth, vi^. in thofe rich and (as they

may feem)

inexhauftible

Mines both of Gold and Silver, which, as 'tis well known, the Countrey of Peru
arTordeth more than any other Province of Jmerica befides. The Sierra opens into
large Valleys, amongft the chiefeft whereof are Xauxa, Andaguailas, and Tucay, all
of them well inhabited and fruitful. Below Cufco the Mountains Andes and thofe
of Sierra run a greater diftance than elfewhere one from the other, leaving the great
Moreover, feveral fandy Wilds, without Water, Herbs,
Trees, or any living Creature, except Birds, extend from Tumbe^to Taparaca. From
the Valleys flow feveral Rivers into the Southern Ocean. On the Mountain Pira
is a Fountain called Puchio, which fprings in the Night, but is quite dry in the Day*

Plain Qallao in the middle.

time.
ters

Alfo near the chief City Quito in the Valley

boyl

fafter

not a word

is

Cbilo.

is

or flower according as any one fpeaks forter or louder

fpoken,

it ftirs

not

at all.

If

whofe Wa-

a Fountain

any thing exceed

and when

the

FoiiP-

tain Pmchisi.

Another
tain.

this for ftrangenefs, a mod

vrori*

derful Rock,-

it is

Rock

in the

Province Qoncuchos, which

is

all

compos'd of black and white

Stones, which arefo neatly plac'd by Nature, as if Art had done a Mafter-piece,
in the exact placing

ing to
if the

it

of them one between another

worthy of admiration,

black Stones in this

is

a wonderful

but the chiefeft thing belong-

power

Rock be touch'd by any,

either to heal or hurt

for

they caufe immediate Death

whenasthe white ones cure all manner of SicknelTes, and being digg'd out, leaves
Seed behind them, out of which grow new Stones to fill up the empty place,
luca GarciUffo y Extracted

from

the Peruvian Kings,tells us concerning Plants,That

he

Chap. II

+M-

lie

faw a Raddifh which a

under the made

Man with both Arms

could fcarce embrace^ and that

of their Leaves, Horfes might ftand. But of all the Tertian Fruit the

crown, which grows on Trees of a Fathom long in hot and moift

Grounds of the Valleys between Andes and Sierra, from whence it is carried to the
Sea-Coaft in long Baskets by Companies of three or four thoufand at a time on the
(ocoa

is

the

Backs of the Sheep

Cocoa

Before the Spaniards coming hither none might

Tacos,

without the Governor's leave

Man to

Mouth, enables a

travel

with burnt Bones or Chalkpit

A handful thereof chew'd

two days without any other

accounted an excellent

is

nary plenty of them,thatthe Inhabitants fpend yearly

The Tertians

Dim

90000

and fuck'd

chew
in the

Suftenance, and mix'd

there

is

fuch extraordi*

Baskets of the Leaves

which grows round, not unlike a Peach, with two Stones, hard Rinds, and a well-rellifli'd Pulp within,which
dipt in Sugar is a great Dainty they grow for the morl: part in the Iflands. The
Guaiyavas bears a wholfom and delicious Fruit like a large Plumb. The Talto, a
Tree with many Boughs, bears a Fruit refemblingaPear, having a hard Rind, and
in Pottage.

alfo efteem Mamayes, a Fruit

within the Pulp a great Stone.

The

which grows on the Annona hath outwardly the fame fhape, but white within> and hath many black Kernels, which
tafte very delieioufly. The Fruit Jndas, fo call'd from the defolate Tertian Mountains on which they grow, rcfemble the fore-mcntion'd Cocoa, but differ from the
Eafi-IndianjDtcs.uCe they are full of hard fliell'd Almonds, the like whereof grows on
the Tree Cachapoyas, which are not inferior to any European Fruits that grow on Trees;
Fruit

of Tern which hath its Name from that Fruit is the beft fort, being exceedingly devoured by Monkies, who plucking the Cacbapoya Almonds from their
in that part

Stalks,
eat the

throw them on

Ground to break their prickly Shells, that fo they may

Kernels without hurt. The Milk -Tree, being a fort of Grapes^ furnifhes
the

with Wine. But the greateft benefit the Inhabitants receive is by their Sheep Taco
and Moromoros, which carry great Loads, and feed on what they find by the Way
;
their Flefli

is

good and wholfom, and being

considerable time

their

Smoak'd,or Salted, keeps good a

Wool drefs'd affords Cu??ibi t of which they make fine
either

Table-

Chap. IV.

AMEBIC 4

Table-clothes and Tapeftry, which on both

liv'd

formerly

at Copacbicd,

The chiefeft Weavers

They Dye their Wool with

fides isalike.

near the great Lake Titicacu

the Juice of boyl'd Herbs.

feems alfo ftrange to conflder what Loads the foremention'd Sheep carried /or befides all forts of Merchandife,they convey 'd the Silver
fromPotofi to Ark

It

Way

of

fixty

three Leagues

but in former times they

and though they carried two thoufand Bars ac

a time, amounting to above thirty thoufand Ducats, yet they had no other Guard

brought

it

as far again to Arequipa

but a few Herdfmen,who driving them

with them in the Nights under the bare

Skie, yet loft none of their Riches, but when the bald Sheep calfd Moromoros ,being
wearied with their Loads, Handing ftill, ftrcteffd out their Necks, and looking on
ilept

on a fudden ran up into the Mountains, by which means the Silver

was oft-times loft,if they were not fuddenly fhot. The woolly Sheep Pacos have alfo
their Drivers,

ftrange Tricks, for they often fall

again, but mufl be

let

Sheep hath gotten the

alone

till

down under their

they

rife

Loads, and cannot be got up

of themfelves.

So foon

Mange (which the Peruvians call Tecarache,)

as

one of the

they bury

them

alive to prevent farther Infection.

The

antient Natives, though differing in

Men

Apparelled after the fame fafliion, the

came down below

woollen Coats

their Knees,

down

and over

to their Ancles

Language and Cuftoms, yet went

all The
and

cover'd themfelves with a Shirt, which

that a

Cotton Cloak

the

Women

CuftoiSs
Habits

rfthdandm

wore

Their Head-Ornaments were different according to an inviolable Compad between the Natives of feveral Provinces- for
:

fome were wrought, fome plain, fome divers coloured CapSj with two, three, or
no Feathers, according to the Cuftom of the Place They were generally of a
middle Stature but thofe that were near the Equinoclial Line leffer. Their Hifto\r
r
r
ries make mention alfo of Gyants, who formerly inhabited the Promontory
St. Helena, were each four times bigger than an ordinary Man, and fed not onely
:

on the

Gi * nt *

antii

entlyin'SJ.

Mek "*'

greateft Sea-Monfters,

butdevour'd each of them thirty Peruvians at a Meal.

The Stone Images of thefe Gyants are at this day to be (hen not far from Puerto

They

likewifc kept for a long time

Annual Feaft-Days, on which they lamented the lofs of the Gyants, which (as they (ay) was as followeth :
A Youth glittering in glory like the Sun defcended from Heaven, and breath'
Fire, which rending the Rocks fo terrifi'd the Giants, that they fled into a deep
Cave, where they were all kill'd.
Cornelius Whitefleet relates, That Helving. Governor of Puerto Viejo. beinc? ftirr'd
up by the Report of the fore-mention'd Images, caus'd all the Graves to be broke
open, in fome of which he found Bones, which they fuppos'd to be Whale-Bones,
had not the Sculls manifefted the contrary.
Concerning the original of the Kingdom of Peru the Natives give this Account
Tf
11
That the molt antient Inhabitants
Ot It
flock'd together like wild Beads, with.
Viejo.

in

out conftant Abodes, Cuftoms, Laws, or Governors, which falvagenefs

tain'd in

many

Parts,

moft of the

amongft the

'Brafilians,

is ftill

re*

Munches, Cbiruguanes, Yfcayungus, Piloco-

which degenerate from all Hu*

manity. In time when fome kind of Government began to be obferv'd, it was ra*
ther Popular than Monarchical; yet generally thofe that were moft powerful, va*
liant and fubtile, bore the greateft fway
Amongft whom thefirft that five Ages
nens,

Floridans, Q?incbemeco's,2it\d others,

fince

Commanded

over the Inhabitants of the Valley Cufco^aslngaroca, a fubtile

and politick Perfon, who built the Fort Pucora, Eaftward near the Foot of the
Mountain Andes that fo he might bridle the People which inhabited in thofe
y

Parts between the Rivers, Moors, and Lakes, where the remainders of the Fort are

tobefeenat

this

day

Moreover;, he conquer'd

all

the Cotintrey along the Sou-

thern

&#**%&*
the Giants,

The %'" al

of the K lng-

dornofJ

AMERICA.

$\6

Chap.

North and South, giving out that he was extracted fron

SheE! one of the [even, lngas (by which Name the Teruan Kings have been ftyl'd ever
fince) which came out of the Cave Pacaritamboj where they were preferv'd againft
the Deluge (of which the Heathens in America had long fince an obfeure knowledge,)
and reftor'd the drowned Families wherefore every one noc onely obey'd, but
paid him Tribute, and bound themfclves to receive of him the true Religion,
which they defiYd he would teach them, as none knowing the feme better than he
whom they look'dupon as Extracted from the lngas. Amongft thefe lngas the chie=
fell: was faid to htMangocapa, who, according to their fabulous Tradition, climb'd
through the Window Tambo out of the Cave Pacaritambo ,and produe'd two Families,
from the fir ft whereof Ingaroca affirm'd himVi%. Hunan Cufco 9 and Urin Cufco
felfDefcended, and having firft made himfelf Mafter of all the Countreys about
thern Ocean towards the

Cufco, rais'd the

Gold and

Family

and laid out

Vicaquiquirao,

Silver Utenfils,

and Ornaments for

Palace, but that every one fhould build a

Golden

new

of

Revenues upon
Perfon and Houfe, which he in

his

none of his SucceiTors fhould

hislaft Will charg'd that

erected divers

a great part

his

inherit,

nor dwell in his

Habitation for themfelves

He

alfo

Idols,

Some Authors begin thisDynaftie of the Kings of Peru in a very different manner,
making Mango Capa to be the firft thereof, and to have been Succeeded by his Son
Cbincaroca,
_

in-

is,

fame with

this Ingaroca here

rais'd the

Family

wealthy Viracocha

AocailUpanaca,

of

Inga,

'

and was Succeeded by

whom, when

j?& his great

%arrus tortur'd the Natives after an

his eldeft

the Spaniards conquer'd Peru,

*

port, that great Riches lay buried in the Earth with

Rich es .

mention'd. Jaguar*

Crier of 'Blood,

Death,
vhnmh*

the

becaufe on a time being Commander, and taken Pri

-,
loner, out or vexation and exceeding grief he cried Blood) Succeeding him after his

T^guequ, guoqu (that

the kcond
inga.

which cannot but be

to

went

Re-

wherefore Gon%afus

<?;-

know of them where

the

him

inhumane manner,

Son, the

Grave of the faid Inga was

at laft obtaining his Defire, he digg'd for the Body,
which he found fo well Embalm'd, that it feem'd to live, but no Gold with it
wherefore Pi^arrus deceiv'd in his expectation, burnt the Corps the Afhes whereof the Indians gathering in Urns, worfhipp'd, though when he liv'd the Vulgar

were much incens'd

their

him, for taking upon him the Name o$ Viracocha, who was
fupream God and Creator of all things 5 but he pacifi'd them, laying, That
at

him

Viracocha appearing to

on him.

% ^Tiie

SKmS

IS

amojftte
People.

^ourtn In a > ca

Brotner

eldeft

in a

Pachacuto Yupangui fucceeded in the

who was

tne Valley Jndaguailas,

Dream, had commanded him

where

to take that

Name up-

Throne after

the Death.

flain in a Field-Battel againft the

the Per nan

Army was

Change, inhabiting

few of them
onely efcaping by flight among whom was Yupangui, who perfwaded the reft to a
fubtile Defign, by alledging, That the Almighty Creator, angry at their Deftruction, had reveal'd many Secrets to him, vi^. That the Creator in Heaven was
call'd Viracocha Pachayachachie
That he refented it very ill That whereas he formerly made Heaven, Sun, Moon, Stars, and Men, none worfhippYl him for it,
but in (lead of him they reverene'd the Sun, Thunder, and the Earth, who had
utterly defeated,

their Beings

from him

That he would

Changas by an unexpefted Afliftance of an invifible

every one,

Army
and

ftirr'd

being

alfo told

up thzPeruans

raised,

them

his Vicegerent

far

Power againft the victorious

Army. This being believ'd of

fliew his

and near, infomuch that in a fhort time a vaft

prefented themfelves to Yupangui,

that Viracocha had decreed in

on Earth

which

the

Army

who made good

Heaven, tHat he Yupangui fhould be

believing, fetthe Peruan

they had taken from his Father, on his Head

ufe thereof^

Crown which

Thus promoted, he march'd

againft

the

Hill

Chap. IV.
the Change whom

AMERICA.

Obedience

bloody Battel he conquer'd, and brought them all under his

Moreover, he made his Soldiers believe, that they were not the Coniri

querors, but invifible

Men,whom

buthimfelf^and that after

feck for.
Yufahgui

had fent,and who could be feen by none

the Battel they were turn'd into Stones,which
they mud
Vtracocha

Whereupon they gathering a great number of Stones on the Mountains,

call d them Tururancas, and ordered that they fhould be
worfhipp'd, and

Gro rsSl

flulon *

carried with them into the Field whenfoe're they fought another Battel,
hoping
thereby to ftir up his Soldiers to be couragious, who firmly believed, that
with the
vifible Stones walk'd invifible Heroes that would certainly a/lift them.
This Ima-

gination wrought fo much, that Yupangui

Army aflur'd of Vi&ory

with the help

went on undauntedly on all Defigns, infomuch that being fear'd by

all the adjacent People, he fore'd them all to fubmiffion.
This Yupangui rais'd the
Family Yuaupococa, and placed a great Golden Image call'd Indylkpa on a Golden
Chariot, which fince was religioufly worfliipp'd, and afterwards carried to Qixaof the Stones,

Ranfom of the (Peruvian King Jttabaliba, whom the Spanijb General Pizjir*
rus kept Prifoner, and at laft Strangled.
The Councellor Polm opening Yupangui s
Grave, found the Body Embalm'd, and no way defaced, but the Eyes covered with
malca, for a

thin

Golden

thrown

at

him

and on

Head appear'd the Scar of a Stone which had been

and though the Body had lain eighty years in the Grave, yet ie

Plates,

his

feem'd rather living than dead, being onely a

ral other Inga's,
(Peruvians

little

grey.

This Corps,

as alfo feve-

the Marquefs Camette brought from Cufco to Lima, fo to prevent

the

worfhipping of them.

Yupangui after his Deceafe

was fucceededby

Sopa hga,

and he by

Son of the
nothing worthy of
his

fame Name, who rais'd the Family Ayoac Jillo

The laft (for
Great
memory was done by either of them) was fucceededby GuaynacaVa, a wealthy and The and
valiant young Man, who was no fooner fetled on the Throne, but he manag'd all 3*j
things with great prudence, maintain'd War with feveral People, and conquer'd
the Kingdom of Quito, four hundred Leagues beyond Cufco, whither after his Death
his Body was carried, and buried in the famous Temple of the Sun, but his Entrails
Were buried in Quito not without many bloody OrTerings,thoufands of his Servants
:

riefs

Sacrificing themfelves at his

Grave willingly, thatfo they might ferve their Prince

in the other World. The invaluable Treafures which he left behind him were carefully hid by the Peruvians till the Spaniards conquer'd that Countrey
The pav'd
:

Ways, magnificent Buildings, and ftrong Caftles, teftifieas yet the Power of this
Inga* wherefore in his life-time he was honor'd as a God. His Mother Mamaoclo liv'd
to fee above three hundred of her Children's Children, all Extracted from her Son
GuaynacaVa.

The

chief of the

1>a,(both

Family Tanehamba were Huafcar and Jttabaliba, Sons to Guaynaca*

by the Coya,ot lawful Queen,however fome have deliver'd to the contrary)

who falling

at variance

betwixt themfelves, refolv'd to decide the Quarrel by a

Field-Battel, in which Jttabaliba, being the youngeft, was Conqueror. This
Civil

War was

at the heighth

when

Realm been

fo divided.

which they could neDuring Jttabaliba s Im-

prifonment by Planus, his two Generals, Qui^ani^ and Cbilicuchima, took the Inga
Huafcar (formerly call'd Tito Cufi Gualpa, Jttabaliba s Brother) in Cufco, and carrying
him to the Valley Sacfahuana, burnt him alive. It is fet down as remarkable,

H^/car

Attabalsba,

the Spaniards invaded Peru,

ver have conquer'd, had not the

that

wM&
Huafcar and
his Brothef

being vanquifli'd, made great Offerings to Vtracocha, thereby

to gain his afliftancC in his extremity againft Jttabaliba when he was inform'd, that
after his

a ftrange People which came from a remote Place over the Seas, had defeated Jtta
bahba's Army,and taken hirri Prifoner
From which News Buafcartzk'wE courage,
i

Rr

call'd

tf*/
car
burnt alive.

si

4-i 8

M E%.l C

Chap. IV.

A.

and judg'd that they were come from Heaven to his

for
Brother had fpiit fo much Blood already
Delivery, and the more,becaufe his
which led Buafca/s Army, with
Jttabalibahid not onely ilain the Prince Jtoco,
hundred Men, and drank out of Jtoco's Skull tipt with Gold,

call'd the Spaniards Viracochas,

I'll

two

three thoufand

a thoufand Children, which the Canna.

but had alfo pluck'd out the Harts of above

with Palm-Boughs to him, to defire Peace.

Mango Inga their Brother drove all the
After Jttabalibds and Buafca/s Deceafe,
long after coming with new Forces, necefSpaniards out of Cufco, whither they not
fent

rites

Manga IKg

ft

Settles in the

Mountain
Vikabamba.

his flight up into the

not without the lofs of many Men, to take
Reign to this day, fecur'd
Mountain Vilcabamha, where he Setling, his SuceefTors
But the Inga Sarttofa cofrom any Invafion by the natural ftrength of the Place.

fitated Mango,

who

the
himfelf
ming from the fore-mentiond Mountain, fubmitted
but the reft of the Family of
in
allow'd him the Valley lucay to dwell peaceably
Spaniards, were all of them kill'd in Cufco,
the Ingas that fell into the Hands of the
Spaniards,

to

to fee fo antient and noble a Family,

not without great grief of the old Inhabitants,
three hundred years together,
by which theyhad been Govern d in great State for

put to death by

common

Executioners.

which was the Royal Seat of all the Tertian Kings, was made
\^Zi?n more fplendid than ever before, by GuayanacaVarf whom Auguftme de TarrateM^*
Kl
his Queen was Delivered of a Son, who
his Magnificence,relates, That when

The City

the
Refidenee of

Cufco

'

Cufco,

,gS

'

bing

Throne, GuayanacaVa kept a great Feaftfor twenty days together^ on that day when the Child was to be Nam'd, a Golden Chain, each Link
allfeven hundred Foot in length,
of which was as big as a Hand, and contain' d in
was carried by twenty Peruvians to the Temple.
Ingas keeping many
The Succeffion of the Ingas was after this manner The
which could lay claim to the
Concubines had many Children by them, none of
on the Coya, or Queen, being generally
Peruvian Crown, but onely the Son begotten

was

The manner
of the Succeffion of
their Kings.

to fucceed in the

the Kings

own Sifter,(whom they accounted lawful for them to Marry,as

had a lawful Bro-

unlefs the Inga

times did the Egyptian Kings) Inherited the Realm,

born of a Coya- or
ther, who Inherited before the Son, though
before'him,
had a Son, he obtaind thedeceafed Uncles Crown

was

if the faid

who

Succeffion

apparence

was alfoobferv'd by other Governors, which the

call Curacds.

"X-

in

Brother

the elder Heir.

The fame
TheirBumis

in antient

Peruvians

jit

and theTreaThe Burials of their Kings were performed with great folemnity ;
building of magnificent Guaba's,
fores which they left behind were beftow'd in
folemn Worfhip was to
which were Temples or religious Houfes, where a kind of
Memory of the Deceafed. Some part of the Treabe perform'd, to celebrate the
furc

was

not the

leaft

to an antient

Tbcircrown;

nations.

Law,

to build himfelf a

new

Palace, and purchased

anew every thing

.':*

it.

Coif with a Taflel,

or Diadem was onely a fine red woollen
hanging
Foreheads, which other meaner Princes wore

Their Crown
that hung down over
on

Their Coro

Mite of

belonging to

elfe

inherited
amongft the Ingas Servants-, but the SucceiTor
according
what his PredecetTor had gotten, but was fore'd,

alfo diftributed

their

their right Ear.

State, the Nobility and

Their Coronations were alfo kept in great Pomp and
befides an innumerable mulPriefts coming from all parts of the Countrey to Qufco,

titude of common People.

VeiPrefentsto the Ingas confifted chiefly of Gold and Silver

ftately Plumes of Feathers of
fine Cloth call'd Cumhi, all forts of Sea-fliells, and

The Noblcmens
fels,

n-ii

a
lneitimable value.
-

Thoufands

VT~

a M E%^1

Chap. IV.
Thoufands of Sheep
Chief Priefl

in

Peace, aid us in time of War, frofter our Inga

powerful and greater than any of

colour fer/d for Offerings

Child before the Image of Viracocha, on

great God Viracocha,^ Offer you this Child,

cry'd,

A 9

factifie'd a

Reverence he
(^ealm

differing in

C A.

his Predecejfors,

in all his

moreover, the

whom

with great

that yon

may keep our

Undertakings, make him more

and grant him vifdom

to

Govern

this Vaft

'Count rey.

No People

in the

World can be more refpe&ive, and

their Kings, than the Peruvians

fliew greatei

re'oce to

ca&

were never any heard of in this Coumtr< i^Sw*

that ever Rebelled againft their Prince the reafon of which was chiefly
,becaufe they
always Govern'd with great Juflice and Mildnefs, placing Governors over
the re~
fpedive Countreys and Provinces, according to their feveral Divifions,
greater or
:

for there
5

with fubordinate Power one under another, fo that they Rul'd with
great
ftri&nefs, punifliing with Death both Drunkennefs and Theft.
Moreover, the

lefler,

prudent way in Government, vi^ They kept their Subje&s continually employ'd
The ordinary fort of Perfons of fubdu'd Provinces were fene
Ingas obferv'd a

remote Countreys, and the Governors thereof kept at the Court in

Cufco ; and
Princes Defcended of the Royal Blood fent in their Places to Govern the
new ootto

ten

Dominions

Command

they divided the Inhabitants into Companies

olac'd one co
over ten, another over a hundred, and a greater Officer over a choufand,
:

andatlaft a Trefefi or Major-General, over ten thoufand

every one of which'
Officers were to bring in an Account every Week to the fupream
Governor, who
was always of the Ingas Family, what Men dy'd of their number, or how many
were born, a prefent Eftimate of every ones Stock, in Cattelor other wife, and all
-

remarkable Tranfactions that hapned. On the high Feafkday they were all
to
appear at Court, and to bring in the Revenues gathered out of their
Subftitute
Countreys. The main Divifion of the Countrey was into four grand
Provinces, called Tahucantinfuyosy according to the four Ways that went
from Cufco
through the whole Realm, vi%, Chinchafuyo towards the North, Coclafuyo towards
the South, Andefuyo towards the Eafl, and Conde/uyo towards the Well.
The Colleftors were divided into Hananfayosy Upper-Colieftors, and
Urinfayis, or Under.
Collectors. The Quipocomayos , or Accomptants, could call up exa&ly
with Buttons,

not onely what every Province, but alfo what each Man was to pay, and that
according to the ability of the Countrey and Perfon.
Many were the (lately Temples, invincible Catties, magnificent Palaces, and
other wonderful Structures built by the Ingas, the chicfeft whereof flood
in Cufco,
Tiaguanaco, and Tambo
the Builders whereof were fent for by turns out of the
adjacent Countreys, from which they brought exceeding great Stones,
moil of

Their

&^f

^^y*

them

thirty eight Foot long,eighteen broadband fix

thick,which

were fo neatly joyn'd to,

getherwith Mortar or Iron-work, that a whole Edifice feem'd to be
one entire
Stone. Their Bridges that led crofs the Rivers were made
of Flags and Ruflies,
fallned to each Shore with great Ropes. The like Bridge
lay crofs the deep Mouth
of the Like Cbicuito y on which great Bundles of the Rufhes Toto being
ty'd together,
and cover'd with Straw, fo flrengthen'd the Bridge, that great Loads
were fafely

'

carried over the fame.

No

Prince ever poitefs'd fo

much Riches and Splendor

as an Inga

of Peru, each

Countrey prefenting him with what was moftefteem'damongil them

Swcccwoods

bringing

the Lucanas, llrong Sedan-Carriers

;

Dancers

the Chides

the Qmmbibilcas, brave

and fo accordingly every Countrey provided him with what they bed
efleem'd, befides the ufual Tributes which they paid.
.

Thofc which digg'd

the

Gold and

Silver out

of the Mines, had Meat, Drink,

Rr

^
?**

ifc

and

AMERICA.

4*o:
and Clothino- from the

though

Ihga,

at other

Chap. IV.

times he enjoy'd the Labors of his

Subjects for nothing.

Their

fom

When at

fever.1l

bun from

three feveral forts of Tribute

conquer'd

ccu.trep.

Countrey by force of Arms, he made them pay

Each
the firft was beftow'd in religious Offices.
r
j /
a Revenue rrom the late conquer d Countreys, the

any time he conquer'd

of T'n

'

Quaca or Chappel rcceiv'd alfo

which ferv'd for Offerings to their chief God Pachayachachu; the Sun,
their Thunderer Chuquilla, and to the Souls of the Deceafed, and for Food for the
The Religion through the whole Realm agreed with that which wasob.
Priefts.
ferv'd in Cufco. But the fecond Tribute fell to the Inga's Family, or Relation and
Soldiers. Thofe who Till'd the Inga's Ground, Sung before him in Feflival Clothes.
That which could not be fpent in the Court was laid up in Store^houfes for ten
Fruit of

Aged People, Widows, and fuch

part was for the Poor,which had eve*

years together, againft a fcarcity fhould happen.

were decrepid, paid no Tribute. The third

ry Year a piece of Ground allow'd them to make ufe of as they pleas'd. In unfruitful Years they received an Allowance out of the Store-houfcs before mention'd.
So like wife the Pafture, Meadows, and Arable Land was order'd for three feveral llfes, one third for religious Ufes, a fecond for the Inga's, and the laft for the
as

Thrir Provi
fion for the

Poor.

The Sheep being fliorn on a certain Day, yielded the Poor a certain quanof Wooll to make them Clothes. As foon as any Bead grew Mangy (which

Poor.
tity

the TeruYians call'd Car ache) they burnt

Thofe

farther.

them

that belong d to the Inga's Family,

fined Wooll, and the courfeft, caLi'd Tabafca,

Their Induflry.

alive, fo to prevent the

was

wore

all

diftributed

fpreading of

it

Clothes made of the

among

the Vulgar.

good Order of Government, it is wonderful to obferve the Peruvians

manner of Living, each learning from their Infancy not onely a Trade, but all
things which they accounted neceifary in Houfe*keeping, as Weaving, Tilling of
Beildes this

Land, building of Houfes, and making of Tools requifite for both; fo that they
never made ufe of one another on any Account. Moreover, Mafter Artifts, who

Their Habits.

Th:Jr Poft
Stages.

work'd more for Pleafure than Gain, dwelt apart, being Silver-fmiths, Painters,
Muficians, and Dancers.
Their Habits were heretofore of one fafhion through the whole Realm, onely
the Covering of their Heads were feveral, by which the People of one Countrey

were diftinguifh'd from the other, according to an inviolable Law made manyAges fince ; fome therefore wore thin Caps, others broad Pleits, others little Hats,
others round Bonnets, others woven Caps, and the like.
Their Poll-Stages, cali'd Qhafauis, were little Houfes, each Handing a League and

from one another, wherein dwelt certain Officers, who with extraordinary
after which manfpeed convey'd the Inga's Letters from one Chafquis to the other
Spa*
ner in two days time they convey'd a Letter a hundred Leagues. But fince the
wards conquer'd this Countrey, that Convenience was loft, till the tenth Peruvian
a half

Their

fevere

Laws

againlt

Makfattors.

for he allow'd a Sallary to thole

Vice-Roy Martin

Enriques re eftablifh'd the

fame

Polls, that they

might with fpeed convey

all Letters

and Packets from one to the

other, being diftant, according to his Eftabliflimcnt, four Leagues.

not
Laftly, the In va& maintained ftrifl: Laws in criminal Affairs ; for as they did

r
J
I'A/V"
nQO \Q^t to encourage noble Achievements (for whoe re had done a valiant Act in
of Land
the Wars, was made Governor of a Countrey, or had a certain quantity

i *

<->

punifli'd
piven him, or Married one of the Inga's Family-) fo likewife they feverely
without
allMalefaftois: for Murderers, Thieves, and Adulterers fuffer'd Death
to Lie
yet they allow'd ftore of Concubines, and it was free for any one

Mercy

Neighbor's Concubine, but Death to have to do with any Man's lawful

Wife, who were ferv'd by the Concubines.

with

his

When

Chip. IV.
When a Bridegroom
on himfelf)

were

Black for

Betrothed himfelf to

of Shoes

with Cotton

A.

his Bride,

+21
he gave her (and put them

not unlike thofe of a grey Fryer,

call'd Jjota,

Their

^
which

Mam-.

(he were a

Maid, but with Leaves if a Widow, who ne<>

being generally younger than the Man, was to Mourn a whole year m
her deceafed Husband
till the expiration of which time (he was not to

lin'd

verthelefs

a pair

M E%^1 C

<U

if

Marry another.
Wives from the

Governors of Provinces and other

Ingas,

who

Officers of State, received their

enquiring out the beautifulleft and

mod

accomplifli'd

Virgins they could hear of, put the Jjota on their Feet, and gave them to iuch Per*

which if they committed Adultery they were cer*

The Marrying of Brothers and Sifters was alfo forbid, till the

fons as they raoft fancied

tainly put to death.

after

Inga Topa Yupfflguijt&ihei to GuaynacaVa broke that Law,by Marrying his own Sifter
Mamoello, and made an Order that the Ingas onely Hi ou Id have that liberty
nay>
when he lay on his Death-bed, he ftridly charg'd his Son GuaynacaVa to take his
;

own
and

Sifter Goya Cuiftilmay to

Wife

and

this

incpftupus Marriage produe'd Huafcar

(though fomefay Attabaliba was begotten oma Concubine) in whofe

time the (penman Kingdom went to mine. GuaynacaVa alfo permitted the common
Attabaliba,

People to Marry

The

fide,

but not of the Mothers.

Peruvian Houfes were antiently for the raoft part liaht and fmall
O

t~

LI

1111
made

Table they

their

of the Fathers

their Sifters

Beer made
In their

but

and xvm.
for

'.

*nv*

preparation, fatisfying themfelves with a

of Rice, Bread bak'd otMdikj dry'd Flefli, Fifh, and Roots.

Wars they

little

us'd Slings, Darts,

T1,eir

ari "

rer of living.

little

Arrows, Lances, Pikes, Halberds P Pole-

Axes, and Shields.

Their Funerals were alfo folemnly kept, efpecially thofe of Perfons of Quality,
the Corps was carried out on a brave Chair, from which he was put into the
Ground, with two of his Concubines whom he beft affected, and alfo three Servants, Gold and Silver VelTels, Mai& and the Liquor Cbica, which the near.eft Relation fpurted into his Mouth through a Cane
all which they did that the Deceafed might make ufe thereof in the other World.
But before the Funeral the Relati-

TfcfcFw**

ons Mourn'd over the Corps feveral days, and after the Body was Interr'd, thev
plac'd thePi&ure of the Deceafed upon the Grave
but the meaner fort of Peo*
pie had the Tools belonging to their Trade
and Soldiers their Arms plac'd on
:

the fame.

In their Religion they had various Fancies

veral Denominations, and amongft others he

chick,

by which he was

fignifi'd to

their

was

prime God

Viracocha bore ft-

call'd Pacachame, or

81 n '

fachayacha-

be the Creator of Heaven and Earth

;

fo Ufapu, that

cent

is,

Wonderful

as al-

In honor to this Pacachama flood formerly a magnifi-

Temple about

mer glory,

it

their Backs

four Leagues from Lima, wherethe Ruines Mill manifeft its forbeing the Place where the Devil anfwer'd the Priefts, who flood with

towards the Image otPacochame, bowing

iliowingmany antick Tricks.

their

Heads to

the

Ground, and

Thefecond Temple flood near Cufco, in which the

Gods and Goddeffesthat were worfhipp'd in

Ingas had plac'd the Images of all the

and before each Image flood an Altar

the chiefeft of them, call'd Puachao,
confifting of maffie Gold, was Dedicated to the Sun, on whofe Forehead
the Sun
was Engraven on a Plate, which afterwards fell into the Hands of the Spanifl Cap-

<Peru.y

tain Mancius Sierra de Lequi^amo

;

this

Proverb was

but becaufe he

loft the

fame one Night

at

Gaming,

upon it, Lequi^amo loft the Sun before it rofe, becaufe he got
the Plate on which the Sun was Engraven in the Afternoon, and loft the fame in
the Night
The Temple it felf, built of great Stones, curioufly joyn'd together in
rais'd

Mofaick

Work, and within

Golden Plates of a Finger thick, flood full of

round about it were feveral Galleries, into which

link'd with

Golden Ghappels and Altars

Their fcdi<

th

E %I

and

the Priefts

PriefteiTes

Chambers open'd.

Near

Chap. IV,

the River Tkiquaque a third

to the Sun.

Temple, Confecrated

This kind of idolatry was

ike v.mou<

common

to the Peruvians, with feveral other

Nations

Idolatry
the Peruvi<-

oftheantient
the Spaniards

Heathens,, &s

when

hath been before obferv'd, which

made them mock

at

they told them of aCrucifTd SVw'or,faying they had a fplendid

God, who appeared

to

them

in glory

every Morning.

In the third

Temple

near the River T'aciquaque in Peru, which exceeded the other two, they worfiiipp'd

Thunder by the Name of CbuquiHaatuilla, and

Intillapa,

which

the (Peruvians believ'd

Commanded the Air, and who being Arm'd with a Club and
Sling, throws down Rain, Hail, and Snow from the Clouds, and (hooting Bullets
They worlhipp'd him
through the lower Region,caufes Thunder and Lightning
to be a

Man

that

after the

fame manner

as they did Viracocba

and the Sun, with holding up of a thing

Alfo
and fometimes Offering, efpecially in Cufco, living Children
they ador'd the Earth of which they made the Goddefs.Bathamama j alfo Ma?nacocba t
the God of the Sea. The Rainbowe, which the Ingas carried between two Serlike a Glove,

pents for their Arms, was alfo religioufly worfhipp'd.

Amongfl

the Stars they

by us call'd Jries, or the %am, as chief yet held feveral others of

peculiar Denomination, in veneration, of which they crav'd fuch things as they
imagin'd

Colca,

wanted.

The Shepherds ador'd

to

Rule over the

commanding

mers

call the Serpent,

ceive

no hurt from them.

qukbmcbag

JS[ereucbilla,

or Capricorn,

whom

they judge

Others worfiiipp'd Macbacfiay, which the European Aftrono-

Beafts.
as

the Star

Serpents and Dragons, that they might re-

Tygers, Lyons, and Bears, were Rul'd by the Star Cbu-

wherefore thofe

who would walk

free

from thofe ravenous

Beafts,

up folded Hands to the Conftellations reprefenting the fame. They believ'd

there was no Creature living on Earth, whole Likenefs the Heavens could not

lifted

that

and that thofe which were on Earth were under the influence of thofe in
from hence proceeded the Names of the Stars Chacana, Topatatca, Ma*
Heaven
afford-

mana, Minna, and others.

They

likewife attributed a kind of Divinity to Fountains,

Rivers, Rocks, Mountains, fome kinds of Herbs, Roots, and efpeciallv rhe fapas,

of

Chap. IV:

ME%

'e/

"a.

4-2

of a ftrange (hape, and.had 'a veneration for all manner of Creatures that were of
an unufual form. When they travell'd they ilrew'd Shoes, Plumes of Feathers, and

them eall'd Apachitas and if they

fore-mention'd things, then they throw a -Scone for an .Offering, from
proceeds, that in all crofs Ways, and on the tojbs of Hills, lie heaps of

Cocoa in all crofs

Want the
whence it
Stones, which

The
Upon

Ways and

tops of Hills, by

are accounted holy.

fond veneration of Stones the Saracens are laid antiently to have had,

like

a Tradition,

That Abraham had enjoy'd Agar upon

ins to Euthymius and Libanim y hz ty'd his

his

Son

Cammel

to a Stone

to Offer

deceafed hgas, which they eall'd Guaoiqui, were had in great

honor, and carried with them to the Wars, and up and

eall'd

upon

Rewards

down

in Proceffionings,

for fruitful Seafons.

The Immortality of
to thofe that

the Soul, the giving of Punifliments to the

Wicked, and of .JJj-jJjJJ^

do well, was generally believ'd amongft the

not the Refurre&ion of the Dead.

1

when he went

Ifaac,

The Images of their

and

and that accord*

a Stone,

Friends, that they might

Many

Peruvians, but 1
fuffer'd themfelves to be buried with their Sml

accompany them

to the other

World.

'

When

the Inga

GuaynacaVa was buried, above a thoufand of his Courtiers Sung feveral Songs, kept

a great Feaft, and went with great joy to be buried with him, that fo they might

King on the other fide of the Mountains. They Offered likewife a great
number of Children, and with their Blood crofs'd their Faces from one Ear to ano*
But this barbarous Offering was never us'd but at the Death of prime Per*
ther
fons of Quality 5 for the meaner fort of People fet onely Meat on the Graves, and
for
crave the Dead two Sutes of Apparel, put Money in their Mouthes and Hands

ferve their

they believ'd that the Souls ranging up and

-

down from

place to place,furTercl

many

inconveniences.

Images confifted generally of Gold, Silver, Stone, or Wood,

The PerMan
them

^ficiently

of '^

Qi *~

Some of them were faid to give Refponces like the

and Dodo/ia, chiefly in the Temple Pacachama^hok greatnefs is fuf*

flrangely deform'd

Oracle at Delpbos

all

manifeU by the Ruines of

its

Walls beyond Lima, where Francifcus Pi^arrus

got an invaluable Treafure. Each Peruvian Province had a Temple, belides which,

and Hamlets, were Chappels of Eafe, into which the Priefts

went at Night with their Backs towards the Idol, bended Heads and Bodies in
which pofture they requefted to know future Events 3 and were many times anfwerM

in the Cities, Villages,

The great Temple at Cttfco,

wherein the Ingas had plac'd all the Peruvian Idols, is now turn'd into a Dominican
Cloy Her Jn each Province of Peru was alfo a Nunnery (if we may fo term it) or Ha(if

we may

believe their Reports) in a terrible Voice.

bitation of devoted Virgins,callM,////tfg#d,i.e.

Houje of the Chmceji^ovtt

which was

s,

eil

Na^

nericb.

Governor nam/d Appopanaca, to whom none durft deny their Daughters *

fome of which were ftyl'd Wives of the Sun, and others ServantMaids to the fame
The Wives Cloth'd in Embroyder'd Coats, adorn'd che Temple, whileft the Maids

placed a

kept clean the Walls and Floor.

When

and obliged to perpetual Virginity and

fome were chofen out from the

reft,

tude of Life in their Chappels

which

they attained to fourteen Years of Age^

facred Obligation if they broke

by

foli-

any to Lie with them,they Were buried alive after the manner of the Veflal Virgins*
Others were oblig'd to make daily
the Ceremony whereof is related by Plutarch
Offerings- others to make peculiar Sacrifices for the Ingas Health, and happy
:

Events in

War

many

alfo

Ingas Wife or Concubines

times Married to Courtiers,

were employ 'd

in the

Court- Service to wait upon the

and thofe being abfolv'd from

their

<

fuftering

Vow* were

oft-

Theft Nunneries were Endow'd With great Revenues

from

Ti.c

>ff.

/ME<KICA>

un

f
from
the

Cbacara*

or Church-Lands.
th

Their Offerings were

(for

'

h hly Cftcem d Herb

'

?
L a J^
Sea-Monfters,
Gold andf Silver
'I'

wood, and Tallow

chap. IV.

0*,M^.feveral

fometimes they
7

coloured

Images of Beads,

to burn) either to have

Plumes

fine Clothes call'd Cumb,,

fuccefs in their Journeys,

SweetTrades, or for

the prefervatmn of Health, or to obtain

a plentiful Harveft.
ings were Quces a fort of Toads,
which were eaten by the
were to do any Bufinefs of conference,
then Perfons

But

their ufual Offer-

Avians. When

they

of Quality

kill'd their Sheep

not without ftrange obfervation of the
colour and number of them
as alfo
of the time all which things well confider'd,
they took the Sheep and laid
it crofs
the,r right Arm turn'd the
Face thereof towards the Sun, and

<Pacos,

words to themfelves according to the colour

,
for
fpoketo Chn u,bla or Thunder if white
and fliort
q

mutter'd feveral

if

it

was

fpotted grey, thev

Fleec'd, to, he Sun

ff weU
In Cufco they Offered daily a
fhort-fleee'd Sheep to the Sun
in
this manner
Making a great Fire call'd VMacaronca, the
Priefts threw the Sheep
and four Baskets of Cocoa into it. Their
Sacrifices Co&oiicu and
to ob
tarn Conquefts were alfo veryflrange
:
for they gathered out of <Pua
(which is a
defolate place) feveral forts of
Brambles and
.

Fleec d, to F.racocha
:

fife

Bufhes nam'd

all fet

on

fire,

M,

whlch

they went about the Fire with

round Stones in their

beL

Hands on
wh.ch were pamted Serpents, Lyons, Toads,
and Tygers, crying, Ufachun,, grant
ui

Cwft

together with this Prayer,

arVd Sheep

er al

fe

'Deftroy,

Creator,

w eb -glout,

caS whofe Hearts

?
having torn out
M$hy V.racocha,
calldM^

'

'

tbefoZr of
E em iej Gods
which for that reafonthey
.

they began their Prayers afrefh,

faying
thus Jotboupull outthe Hearts
of our Btemles. For the profperity of
the &. they k.ll d in an open
Field black Dogs, by them call'd
J^rucl, whofe
Flefh was eaten with many
Ceremonies by People appointed for that
pmpofr
They made Offerings a fo to the Fountains,
Rivers, Brooks, and Sea-fliellf,
/nde
Pretence that thofe Shells were Daughters
of the Ocean, and the Ocean the
Path
of Streams and Springs, when they
had Sown their Fields,their Priefts,chofe
to that
Office, went from Houfe to
Houfe to gather fuch Offerings as every
one was pleas'd
to grve which they laid at
the Banks of feveral Sluces, at
the time when the Water
began to rife there,thikig by
thatOblation to keep them from
oversowing their
Lands,and wafhingaway their Seed.In
all places where two Rivers
joyn'd together
they waft d themfelves, having
firfi bedaub'd
,

themfelves all over with ftLp'i

Ma, K, and afterwards look'd
upon themfelves as well purg'd from
Sin- which
e
t0thd ' Baths To
Child/en between four 'and ten
5eaTs of
;
r
u on *
P
*S* being fick, or when he
recevd
receiv'dthA
the Royal Taffel, that from
the death of the Children he
might receive
Health, or Re.gn profperoufly.
The fore-mention'd Nuns that were chofe
to attend on the Kmg s were alfo
ftrangled when the Inga was fick .
nay, fometimes
a Father would Offer his Son
to AacoeU,o, the Sun Jneft's fugg
ftio^Tha" by h
on s death he wou recover from
h,s Sicknefs, Praying to
theforemention'd De

**

If:'

,rn

"^ '/"^

ft^&^ff

to favethefickFath

> becau

^hes- ****

This kind of Cruelty the Devil

feem'd to prompt the Heathens

*^ *
'^f
ff!rf\

* ** . Sacr

to,

by makina u fe

on iunt
mongft the antient Ammonites ^MoaUtes,
andothe
Heaths (by which even the Children o( Ifracl were apt
to be fedue'd) appears from
ih Sen pture it felf
the Ceremonies of which
bruitilh Cuftoms, wifhthe feven
Brazen Chambers of Moloch, may
be feen defcrib'd by

and

hi"

ate

lfi ce

Their High
Feafts,

jfcjfc So

he h.gh Feaft Capacrayne, which

the Peruvians kept in the

W.
firft

Moneth %ayme,
agreeing

<r

AMERICA.

Chap. IV.

\% 1

agreeing with our December, deferves ferious obfervation

for as

long

as the Feafl

no Stranger was fuffer'd to Lodge in Cufco, whither they all flock'd again
Order of
after the Feaft was over, to receive Cakes made by the Mamaconas (an
Nuns) of M^andthe warm Blood of a white Ram, and were diflributed by cer*
them
tain Priefts (Extracted from the Royal Family Huaui Yupangui) who carrying
up and down in Golden Dimes, gave every one of a Company one, faying at the

lafted,

delivery of it, If you do not Reverence

to

the

Sun and Inga,

this

your ${uine>t hut if you worjhip them, then their 'Bodies will by

Food

this

will witnefs againft you

fledge be united

to

yours

which thofe that had eaten of the Cakes promis'd Obedience, and thank'dthe
Sun and Inga for their Food.
At the fore.mention d Chafquis 2. courfe was taken to carry all that denYd, to eve*
received
ry Temple through the whole Kingdom of fern, where the Inhabitants

after

them with

great Reverence, having before confefs'd all their fins to their Yaburies,

or Father.ConfelTors.who being chofen to that Office with a great deal of Ceremony, imposed greater orlefler Penances, according to the iinsor the Penitent : thole

were fuipe&ed to have conceal'd any of their fins, were put to caft Lots,or had
the Entrails of the Beafts which they had killed to that purpofe confulced about them,
and thereby were difcover'd if they had conceal'd any of their fins which whenever it hapned, the Priefts falling upon the faife Penitents, thump'd them with a

that

Stone on their Backs fo long, till they had confefs'd all their Faults, which the Prieft
was not to reveal on pain of Death, but to make Expiatory Offerings. The fins
about which they were Examined, were chiefly Theft, Murder, Adultery, preparing of Poyfon, or fleighting their Inga or Gods
they had feveral kinds of Punifhments.
neral were fore'd to
to his Confeffor

When

for each of

the Inga

come and make Confeifion of their

when

which TranigrefTions

fell fick, all

fins

People

alio every

in

ge*

one went

he was in trouble, or expected fome Misfortune to befall

none but the Sun, which he denYd to re*

late to Viracocha^nd to beg pardon of him for the fame^which done,he bath'd him*
Sun do thou,
felf in a running Stream, and cty'd, I have made my fins known to thee,

him

The i^rfhimfelf Confefs'd his

fins to

Their
ons.
s

nunn

4**

tA
<&*

metric a.

Chap. IV.

lWWW

vajh away mine

U^

Unties, and dtfcharge than into the Sea, thai

be
which cuftom of Baching, call'd O^.w,
was alfo us'd by ,11
A Father lofing his Son by Death, was cenfu d for
a great Si/oe

Other Penitents.

t'

wherefore he could not be permitted to

be Confefs'd before he had been
whip d
w.th Nettles by a cetain ill-fook'd Officer
appointed for that end
after
then- gathers Ichuns enjoyn'd
fuch Penances as they thought fit
fom were order'd
to faft fevcral days
others to pay rich Garments,
SiI*er?Gold or thebke
oth rt
eceiv d acertain number of Blows
fome were condemned to live on
;
theMoun
tarns, excluded from the fociety
of all Men. If their Sorcerers
at any timefore

wK

N
Vh-r

""
Pe ple Wre m re rcf> eaed than
Sooth,
I
as
that could d.fcover private
Thefts, Accidents that
hapned in remote Countreys, and alfo future Evented fo
far their Credit amongft
the Vulzar
earned them, that they undertook to tell

&8U fayers
rZf

J
Men

the Spaniards

fhould be Conquerors, and when defeated

in the
Ketheraniea
There were alfo cunning

when

their

Countrey.men

War they.maintain'd agailftT

Women, who making themfelves d ai

Drunk w,tha (M with which theymis'd the

Herb^and afferward scomint to^
themfelves agam anfwer'd all the

Queftions that were piopofed to

them
Their month.
The 'Pemy.an, kept two forts of Feafts, the firft
at certain times, the
others on
fpecral occafions
the fet-Feafts were kept Monethly
on the firft Moneth ,
agreeing with our laft Moneth December,
as aforefaid, they kept
,

ly

b'

calls.

the great FeaftC,

on which they brought Multitudes of

Sheep and Lambs for Burnt-offer'
ings befides Silver and Gold. Not far
from the Fire ftood three Carv'd
Images of
the Sun and three others reprefenting
Thunder, and this was generally
the^ay
of the Inftallat.on of the young Inga's,
facrayne

which was

after this

manner

The

chief
Pneft boring a Hole through his Ear, covered
the dpper part of his Body
with the
holy Cloth Qua
Whi eft the inferior Priefts whipthim
with knotted CoTd an d
Painted his Face with the Blood. During
thefe Ceremonies no Stranger
fof
fer d to remain in Cufco,
after the Feaft was ended they
fe
all retum'd
and as be
ore, xecew
Cakes bak'd of
and Blood, as a teftimony that they
and
a
3
honor d the Inga*].
:

The

K^

Wo

gm Images of the Sun before.mention'd they

lnu,

that

is,

Father.Su,,, Son-Sun,

the three Images of

Thunder,

and VmhenSun.

call'd

Apmu,

In like

ChuauiUa, Qatuilla,

Churiunti,

and

manner they n m'd

from which AcoL

and Luillapa ,
judge, that the Devil had obfeurely taught the
Peruvians the Myftedei
helot
Sacrament and Tnntty, (that their glory
might be eclips'd by Idolatrous Errors)
efpecialiy the laft which feems plainly
to be fignifi'd by the Peruvian
Deity
wnomthey affirm d to be One in Three,and Three
in One. And that
Natio^
alfo had a ghmpfe of the fame may
be collected from Philip

TaLL

oL

Cluvenus, who endea.

vors to demonftrate, that the antient
Germans and Gauls obfeurely ador'd
the Trintfi
in the m.dft of their Heathenifm,
under the notion of Sun, Moon, and
Fire

fignifying the Father, the

which he makes uie of

Moon

the

S M and

Ctfar's

fee, and thoje that afift them ,

heard any thng concerning any other Gods.

gbmpfeofthisMyftety

the

the Fire

At

Sun

Holy-Choft
to confirm
Teftimony, v
They onely efteen, tho/e bods
vhon,
viz. the Sun, Vulcan, and the
Moon
they
,

to the Egyptian,

DMorus
when he

for

have never

Siculm feems alfo t0 afcribe

a
fays, That the antienteft
Peo-

when they view'd the World, and were

ama 2 'd
Larth.they ,udg d that two Gods Governed
them all.v^.the
ple in tgypt,

at all things

on the

Sun and Moon,by

whom
ad things flounfl, d and encreas'd to whom
they added a third, namely F.re
to
wn.ch they attributed a Divinity, as conducing
much to the increafe and growth of
,

all

vf.M ETt^l'C

Chap. IV.

all things.

The

A.

+*7

Moon, which was alfo call'd Juno, they judg'd to be the Offspring

of God, (for Son and Daughter were promifcuoufly taken) who, according to
Homer, Marrying with Jupiter, brought forth Vulcan, which might haply be to them
Vulcan
a Type or Figure of the Holy-Ghofi, proceeding from the Father and Son
:

was by her plac'd a Prefident over the Fire, by which the Heathens feem'd to imitate
and this
the fiery Power of the Holy-Ghofi, purifying and cleanfing all things
cleanfing Power was aim'd at by (^ow/^,when,according to Dionyfim Halicamajfenfis,
:

he commanded

his Soldiers to leap

they might be purifi'd from

through a Fire made before his Tent, that fo

all their

Crimes.

the Peruvians ,Germans,ot Egyptians, loft in a

But

Wood

it

may

be thought ftrange, that

of grofs Idolatry, could have any

apprehenfion,though never fo obfcure, of the holy Trim's/when as the moft nice and
curious Greek and %oman Wits have made fuch grofs miftakes concerning God. But
to return again to the Peruvians:

They

kept their fecond Feafl in the fecond

Moneth

on which they threw the Afhes of their Offerings into the River, and follow'd them on the Shore for the fpace of five Leagues, praying the River to carry
the Afhes to the Sea, where Viracocba would receive them. In the third and fourth
Camay,

Moneths they kill'd a hundred and ten black fpotted and grey Sheep. In the beginning of May (by the Peruvians call'd Hatuncu^qui) they gathered in their Mai^ and
kept the Ytz&Jymorai after which they returned home Singing from their Fields
callM Chacra, and carried a great heap of Mai% with them, nam'd Perua, wrapping
,

it

up

in rich

Garments

three Nights they continued their Ceremonies, implo5

ring the Perua to preferve their Harveft of Mai%, from any damage that might chance
to come to it, and alfo to let that grow profperoufly which they fhould Plans
Laftly, their Sorcerers confulted whether the

next.

year

ing

to

f
it,

which

Sun.

they were anfwer'd 2Jo, they carried

made a new Pima, which when

they carried
cu^cjui,

if

it

they

knew

alfo

made

feveral

it

Wood

next

into the Fields, and burn*

In the feventh

with a hundred Sheep,

Images of the

laft till the

to be fufficientto laft

to the Granary in great triumph.

they kept the Feaft cali'd Intraymi,

They

Perm could

good

Moneth
in

a year ,

Jncaya-

honor of the

Qui mi a, which they put in rich

Habits,,

Their FTarveil

CeremQ-

ni,

f8 Habits,

A
ftrew'd the

METRIC A.

Chap. IV.

Ways with

Flowers, Danc'd a ftrange Dance nam'd

Cayo
Perfons of Quality put Golden Plates about
their Knees'
as the common People painted them with divers
Colours. In the eighth Moneth'
Cbabua they kept the high Feaft Huar qui, on which
they Offer'd a hundred grey
Sheep
the like number, but of a Chefnut colour,
they Offer'd the following
Moneth Yupaqms, befides a thoufand Cuies, that the Air, Water,
or Sun might

Singing feveral Songs.

fpod

not

their Plants.

Their Feaft

Situa they kept

on the tenth Moneth Qyaraymi

manner: They gather'd all together on the firft day
before the Moon
which no fooner appear'd, but they made a terrible

after

this

rofe

noife, beat one another with

lighted Torches, then wafh'd the Dirt from
their Bodies, and made themfelves
Drunk for four Days together. The eleventh Moneth
Armaraimi, was nam'd <Pchatqms, from the Feaft they kept therein,
on which (befides the ufual Offering of
eight hundred Sheep) they ty'd a black
Sheep to a Poft without

Meat

time as there

w M

in the laft

fell

ftoreofDew.

Their Feaft

Moneth Jyamara, on which

their

Amon gft ^e high Feafts which were kept on

which they

againft

all

till

fuch

call'd %aymicantara <Saiqms,

'was kept

Youth were bor'd through

the Ears

great occafions, the chiefeft

was

Ytri

made new Clothes

after a peculiar fafhion, wearing

their
Cloaks muffled about their Heads in which manner
they walked leifurelv a'Whole
;
Day and a Night ; during which time none durft either Eat or
Drink, or open his
Eyes : But after this ferious Proceffioning follow'd
four days of extravagancy as
Drinking, Dancing, and the like. In their Dances,
which were to the found of
Drums, Pipes, and Horns,they imitated all manner of
Trades by ftrange motions
of their Bodies, befides divers other Frolicks and
May -games which they us'd at
fuch times of Mirth and Feftivity: But fince
the Spaniards

conquer'd Peru,

Heathenijh

ZL 55T

Cuftoms have been

all thefe

laid afide.

As

?&
*

to the Prognoftications and Fore-runners

of the definition of theold Empire
of P
" i* reported, that GuaynacaVa, Father of the laft King AttabaUbaAyinv on his
f<>
Deatbbed in Qtto, faid to his Princes, This \ealm,
atprefent rais'd to the Lkfl top of
Emmency ,s hafining towards its
;'
<Vtf though our Kingdom remain as yet
freee from
foretgn InVafion, the Countreys round about are
already conquer d and in Slavery : The
Gods
have call d ftrange People from unknown
Regions, who by degrees will reach
alfo.
With me
who am the twelfth Inga, dies the Dominion
the
mighty
Peru.
of
People of other Fafhions

%m

and^ehg.onwdlfubvert our Religion, Laws and Government,

and bring us under fubeclion
to them. There were alfo
Signs and Prodigiesthat portended the
Diffolution of this
Empire ; amongft the reft a great Eruption in the
Province of Tacinga, which rendEz " h
d V mited
"P FkmeS f Fire i nof was " lo
e' 'hey were

"
?.?f
nil d,for whileft the

ful.
"g
making of Offerings to V.racocba for the delivery
of their imprifon'd King H^,News
wasbrbught toCufco oUttabalibas being tl
t

Peruvians were

ken ; the Particulars whereof,with other

Matters touching the Conqueft of this King,
dom by the Spaniards, and how they pillag'd the
Countrey, murder'd the Inhabitants and ennch'd themfelves
with their ineftimable Treafures, fliall in
order be
'
related.

The

S lve ^e Spaniards notice of Peru, was an India,, Prince call'd PanWh * a

b
taken Prifoner, inform'd Fa/que Nunne
SSSIS*?*"'
K
K of the abundance
f
of Gold and Silver which was to be
had there, who refolv'd to venture through
a
thoufand Dangers into the South Sea.After
which Francifco PiKarro, Ferdinand de llue,
znAD.egodeAlmagro, consulted upon this
great Defign, Anno
P^rrus being

&.*

fir ft
,

that

^.

order d to Sail before with a Ship

carrying a hundred and fourteen Men,
and J.
magro to follow with a VefTel carrying
feventy Men, whileft De Lugue ftaid to ma-

nage the Affairs at home.

Fifty

Leagues Southward fVom fanama/Pi^rrus

found a

fm all

*-

& M E%^1 C %

Chap. IV.
Neck of Land

fmall

dom

rtam'd Peru, from which

42 p-

moll probable that

it is

crreat

King*

Denomination, though many deduce it from the River

Thence Sailing to the main Continent of Peru, and Great Diffit-Beru, as before mencion'd
Landing, he loft feveral of his Men, and being himfelf defperately wounded, re- Sy!lS
'
turn'd with ill fuccefs, whileft Jhnagro miffing of him, Landed afterwards in the
afterwards received

its

Men, and one of his own Eyes yet not

long after they renew'd their Defign, carrying with them in two Ships and three
Boats, three hundred ftout Men, which all fuffer'd extream Hunger, and had they
fame place, and

of

alfo loft feveral

his

not happily gotten fome Sea-Crabs, they had without doubt all of them perifli'd
at laft Landing on the Coaft of Qatamez^, they were Encountred by a People whofe
:

Faces were hung

upon which ill

of Golden Nails, and daily

full

Succefles the

fern, and call'd

home

loft

more and more of their Men

new

American Vice*Roy forbad the farther difcovery of

the remaining part from the Ifland Gallo, Co that Pi^arro kept

with him but twelve Men, with

he liv'd on Sea*Snails,

till

whom he went to the defolate

he received Provifions

Ifle

from Panama

Gorgona,

where

which they
making
farther
Difcoveriesupon
fpent
the Coafts of 'Teru
Durina
which time he vifited the Queen Qapullana, and difcover'd a mighty Palace, where
three of the twelve Men were kill'd, whofe Memory deferves to live for ever becaufe the World owes to their unheard=of Valor the Difcovery of the miphty Kingafter

two

dom
who

years in

of Peru

but there are onely

Recorded the Names of thofe nine Worthies

furviv'd that Exploit, which were thefe following, Nicholas de Pjyera, Peter de
;

left

Candia, Juan Torre, Alon%p Brifeni , Qriftopbero Peralcd, Alon%o de Truxillo, Francifco CueU
lar,

on

Alon%o Molina,

the

Ifle

and the Pilot Bartholomeo %uy^

Puna, inhabited by a valiant People,

Knives, and Pikes tipt with Gold

Haven

Tumbez^,

who

where

Peter de Candia

With

who

thefe nine Pizyrro

Landed-

Bowes, Darts, Silver

From thence he fteer'd his Courfe unto the
Landing, was met by forty thoufand of the* Inus'd

conducted him to the

Temple of the Sun, built by the Inga Guaynacava, andadorn'd inthein-iide with Golden Plates. Not long after which Pizar- *i*mt made
to was by an Order from the Spanijh Court made Governor of Peru, to the great ?IT
habitants,

which Difference being decided, fi^arro Cct out again with

two hundred and fifty Foot, befldes Horfe, with which he Landed a hundred
Leagues lower than before, where he got a great Mafs of Gold and fome Emeraulds
of the afyiie, all which he fent to Panama, thereby to ftir up the People to come to
Peru to hisr affiftance ; where thofe that were at prefent on the Place, befides other
great Hardfliips which they fuffer'd, were miferably plagued with Ulcers in their
difcontent of Almagro

Faces

yet they profecuted their

;

Power was

Conqueft

as well as they could

with what fmall

them, and had newly taken Puerto Viejo when Captain Soa/c^r
and Juan Floret brought frefli Supplies of Men and Horfei with which Recruit
Pi^arro con que r'd the Valley of Tumbe^ from whence they Sail'd over to the Ifland
left

Punas, where the friendly Entertainment they met with at firft^turn'd foon after into a bloody Battel

for the Spaniards not forbearing to prie into every

Houfe, and
committing many Outrages, were fet upon by the Natives, whom havina at laft
fubdu'd, and being again iupply'd with new Forces by Ferdinando Sotto from Nicara:

gua, they returned to Tumbez^,

of the
all

Spaniards

thofe

where the Countrey was all in Arms upon the Report

Cruelties committed on the Ifland Puna, infomuch that they Offer *d

whom they

took alive to their Gods,and flew

as

many

as they

could con-

veniently meet with. Piz^arro having ftay'd about twenty days, went with his Bra*

Rhers Juan and Gonfahes, the Captains Sotto and 'BeValca^ar, and

River Jmbato about Mid=night, through a thorny

about Break-of-day

fell

upon

the Tumbezyn

Way

Horfe over the

betwixt Mountains, and

Army, and having

S f

fifty

fetled things

pretty

well

iX

+5

M E XI

A.

Chap. IV.

...

in the Countrey Janga^ara, along

well in thofc Parts, he built the City St. Michael
Complemented by two Agents from Cufco, who
the River Ve la Chira, where he was
Anfwer,
Aid in Huafcar's Name againft his Brother Attabaliba, receiv'dfor

defirihg

That

he

was going

Commands

there ; whofe
to Caxartalca, as indeed he was, to find Jttabaliba
fhould not approach provM all in vain: for Ti^arro, under

that he

Name, Was no fooner

and fet for a Ranfom upon

'

pretence of Complementing
Sitirro taking Attaba
libs.

Prifjner

puts a va

Ranfom

up'

on him.

him

in his

Catholick Majefty's

admitted to his Prefence, but he took him Prifoner,

Foot broad was
him as much Gold as a Room of fifty four Foot long and nine
But the
with his Hand held up
able to contain, as high as he could juft reach
:

Gold coming flower than was expeded,

fi^arro

was much incens'd

thereat,

whom

That it could not poflibly come fooner,

from whence the Gold was to be
becaufe the Way between Caxamalca and Cufco,
whereof Pi^arro refolving to try, fcnc
fetch'd, wasatagreatdiftance: The truth
carried by Peruvians exceeding fwift of
Sotio and <Peter del Bara to Cufco in Chairs,
endeavoring to

Attabaliba

pacifie, alledg d,

they tir'd were fucceflively reliev'd by others that attended, with,

about half way, they met
out fo much as fetting down the Chair . being got
Vrifoncv, whoreAttabaliba 's Captain Glucuchuma, he having taken Huafcar

Foot, and

who

if

with

would be pleas'd to deliver him out of the Hands

pay three times as
of his blood-thirfty Brother, for which kindnefs he would
much Gold as Attabaliba had promised, who was not able to give any thing elfe but
Sun in Cufco whereas Huafcar
the Golden Plates which were in the Temple of the
was true, for Huafhad all the Treafure that was left by GuaynacaVa which indeed
cpefted Sotto and Baro that they

did it, that fo

privately to be buried, and put to death thofe that
none could ever
he might keep the place conceal'd where it lay ; infomuch that
the Indians with all imagifind it out to this day, though the Spaniards have tortur'd

had caus'd

car

it

nable cruelty, to
ro

But

difcover the place.

Attabaliba

informed by

<Pi%ar*

Imprifonment, feem'd to be exceeding forry, and faid, I am much

Ne^s of my Captains laying Violent Hands on my Brother Huafcar, whom lac-

of Huafcar

troubled at the

knowledge my

make them

eldeft

defign to kill him,

Brother, and both of the fame Father and Mother

but I fuppofe he has no

peaceably to enjoy the

but onely keeps himTrifoner, to bring him to grant me

Pi^arro not
Kingdom of Quito, of late brought under fubjetlion of the Peruvian Q-own.
Death, out of
obferving Jttabaliba s fubtilty (who defign'd nothing but Huafcar s
might promote him to
fear that the Spaniards upon his liberal promifes to them,
whereupon Jttabaliba fuppofing
comforted him as well as he could
the

Throne)

concern d at the killing of his Brother Huafcar, gave

put into exefpeedy Order that he fliould be burnt alive, which accordingly was
his Brother Attabaliba s
cution
b*ut before he was brought to the Fire, he foretold

would be

that fi^arro
Ha afear
burnt by Or
der of his
Br. -her Atittbatiba.

little

During which time Ahiagro came with frefli Supplies from Tauama,
was paid with
eager to have a (hare of the fore.mention'd Ranfom, which at laft
up to
overplus for by daily bringing in of Baskets of Gold,the Chamber was fill'd
Promife, yet Senthe very top but though Attabafoba had more than performed his
had been Baptiz'd
tence of Death was pronounc'd againft him prefently after he
cruel Death.

Annbnhba
put to death
by the spa.

tne Reafons of

cufation of a

which wicked and

Penman

rafii

Condemnation were two

Interpreter calfd

Pbilippillo,

who

defir'd his

firft

the falfe Ac-

Death, that then

miftrufting
he might with the more freedom enjoy one of his Wives ; for Attabaliba
was not
the fame; had complain'd thereof to fi^trro, faying, That his Imprifonment

fo grievous
!'l

to

his Qoun*
him, as the thoughts of the Adultery, atled againft the Jlritl LalVs of

Adulterers,
the Defiler of an Inga's Bed being not onely to be burnt with the
be rac'd
but alio the whole Families of them, to the leaft Infant, their Houfes to
The fecond
to the Ground, and their Land fow'n with Salt, as for ever curs'd.
trey

caufe
.,

I'

MEK

Chap. IV.
caufe of Attabaliba's Death

and who fearing

that

is

laid

none of the

I C A.

on jilmagro, who came to Peru with new Forces,

Gold which Attabaltba had the delivery of, would

not having been in the Battel where Attnhaliba was taken, thereto be fuddenly Strangled, that fo the Booty might be equally divi-

fall to his ftiare, as

him

fore ordered
\T
1
J
J

Not long

ded.

/7v

alter Pi^arro

conquering

Jo

Cufco,

got no

Attabeil ba
'

ftrangled

by

'

lefs

Treafure than

at Coxa*

Here the Reign of the Peruvian Ingas ceafed, with which before no Kings that
ever Governed in the World were able to compare in Riches and Glorv. Their
r1
11
Palaces were round about adorn d with Golden Images- and they never ate but
out of Golden VelTels, {pitting in the Hands of beautiful young Women of Noble

ro s

o7i?r

male a.

i>iiii

Extract, were worfhipp'd like

Gods both

whileft living and

when dead,

The

anrient

Splendor of
the

* er

all their

Subjects being their Slaves, and they the fole Lords of the whole Realm. In the
interim 'Bevalca^ar march'd from the new City St. JMicbael, with a hundred and

twenty Foot and eighty Horfe, to

who

Generals,

with Bullies,

affi(l

the Qannares againft one of Attabalibas

having fpoil'd the Ways by digging

refilled

them

in feveral places

and covering them over

then marching to Quito he burnt the
Pits,

City, after having kill'd a hundred of the Natives, becaufe they laughed at the Spa-

Afterwards joyning with Almagro, he went back to Qufco, whither

he had NeWS-pf Quifiwh, Attabalibas General, and of his Brother Guay*

niards Arrival.

on the Way
f>alcon,who making ufe of a Rock, threw down great Stones, by the Peruvians call'd
Galgas, which in their Fall hitting others,brought down a great number with them
by which means he not onely defended the Place for the prefent, but kill'd fourteen
Spaniards

neverthelefs diftrufting his ability to keep

it,

he retreated to a fteep

Mountain about Midnight, at the Foot whereof a Paflage led over a deep River,
where he burnt all his Luggage that he could not carry withhim-alfo above fifteen
thoufand Sheep and four thoufand Prifoners, became wholly at the Difcretion of
Almagro, who leaving there Captain Martin Aftete, order'd him to build the Town
Truxillo

where he

mean time Quifquis was put to flight by Pi^arro, and went to Quito,
many People, that were kill'd by <BeValca%ar's Guard yet thole that

In the
loft

were remaining chofe rather to Fight to the laft, than flye through WilderneMes,
and there be ftarv'd to death
which Quifquis contradicting, was Stabb'd bv his saHi&>&
Captain Guappdlau, and immediately after cut to pieces. As loon as thefe Stirs General*,
were cjuieted, Pi^arro began to build the City Los (%w, near a convenient Haven S?fepiSj
;

of the Southern Ocean, whileft Ahnagro marching to Chili with two Troops of
Horfe, and five hundred Foot, return'd without doing any thing remarkable, ex*
cept his taking the Interpreter Pbilippillo, (whom he caus'd to be cut into four pieces)
and his maintaining feveral Battels againft the Chilefes, clad in Sea* Wolves Skins.

In this Journey he loft feveral of his

time a Ship

fitted

out by Gabriel

Straights of Magellan, ran into the

afliore that ever

Men

on the Snowy Mountains,

CarVajal, Bifliop

Haven

of

Placentia,

Los P^yos, out of

were mPeru,by which the Countrey

the Inhabitants call'd them Ocoeha, that

About

this

Sailing through the

which the

fince fuffering

firftRats

fwam

much damage,

Now all

on the
quiet polfeflion, when anew Accident arofe, which
is,

Sinful Creatures.

things

were tending to a
had like to have fpoil'd all, for Mango Inga, Attabalibas Brother, being reieas'd out
M*?o^*
of Prifon by JuanPi K arro, obtain'd leave to go to Tucaya, to fetch the famous Golden
??*?
Image Mdchys, reprefenting his Father GuaynacaVa but he having now gotten his
%$&??.
Liberty flew all the Spaniards which work'd in the Gold-Mincs, took the Caftlc
gf J2SS?.
Qufco by Storm, as alfo the City, after a Siege of eight Moneths
which neverthe*
Spaniards fide

lefs

was by

tains

^w,

foon re-taken, znd Mango fore'd to flye into the Mounafter he had kill'd feveral of Almagros Men
foon after Ahnagro about
;

Francifeo Pi^arro

Midnight gettingover the Walls, and taking

Ferdinando

S f 2

and Gonfaho

<Pi%arro 9

and

Jlphonfo

AMERICA.

V-

Chap. 1VV

condemn'd them all three to die, caus'd himfelf to be

proclaimed Governor, and gave the Royal TaiTel to Paulo Inga, whileft Gonfaho and
then had obJlvarado breaking Prifon, inform'd Francifco Pi^arro thereof (who
Jlphonfo Jlvarado Prifoners,

and for an Inheritance, the Province Jttdbillos.) he was

exceedingly troubled for his Brother Ferdinand, whofe Enlargement he thought
would be beftprocur'd by making Peace with Jlmagro, and the fooner, becaufe the
tained the Title of Marquefs,

Sever nl Par
ties of the

Peruvians
fet

upon the

Spaniards
and over-

throw them.

moft places, flew divers Companies

of them j amongft whom Diego fis&rro was fet upon in a narrow Path call'd Lau*
Horfemen ; and Gonfaho de
cejta Marcos, and amongft the Mountains loft feventy
upon three hundred
Tapico fav'd not one of eighty Horfe. Alio the Peruvians fet

Peruvians

began to rebel againft the

Troopers,

row

Path,

Spaniards in

Commanded by the Generals of the Horfe, Morgoveio and Gaeti, in a narand rowl'd down great Stones from the tops of the Mountains both be-

fore and behind them, fo killing both Horfe and

feives into a pofture of Defence, infomuch that
Francifco de Godoy, fent

Troopers,

Man before

they could put them-

none efcap'd with Life but two

out of Los P^yos with forty five Horfe,

upon

by the Pe*
Horfe,fought a whole
rvi4j againft whom Peter de Lerma being fent out with fixty
day with them, and though few of his Men were kill'd, yet many were wounded,
Difcoveries, return'd alfo with great lofs, being purfu'd twenty Leagues
;

and

feveral taken

The

victorious Peruvians retreating to the top of a fandy

Moun-

had taken Prifoners, as a teftimony of

thanks, to Viracocha, and afterwards flood drawn up near the City Us %eyos by the
General Tyzppangui. The Marquefs thus befet round, fent for Aid from New Spain
and Truxillo, and alfo for Jlphonfo Jlvarado to come back, who had been fent to
difcover the Countrey Chachepoyos, and being gotten into a Defart, would without
tain in the Night, Offer'd the Spaniards they

doubt have perifh'd for want of Water, had not fome Horfemen riding fomewhat
notwithftanding which, five hunout of the Way, found Pits with frefli Water
:

dred

They are
beaten by
Jlvarado.

Civil

War

between PiZarro and Al'

inagro.

Inacona's (for fo the Spaniards call'd the Peruvian Slaves) died for Thirft.

He was

afterwards fupply'd by Gome^ Tordoya with two hundred Men, by the help of
whom, though encompafs'd by the Inhabitants near the Bridge Lamucacha, where

end Conqueror.
Whileft the Spaniards found fo much to do with the Peruvians, yet they could not
forbear more and more Clafhing amongft themfelves, the Marquefs commanding
fierce Battel, Jlvarado

began a

was in

the

and leave the City Cufco but he refufing to obey,

by cutting
fortifi'd himfelf on the top of the Mountain Gaytara, ftopt the Ways
down the Trees but Ferdinando Pi^arro getting up to the top along a private Way,
made fuch a confufion amongft them with Bolt-fhot, that Jlmagro, who was Tick
him, and had
at that time, was fore'd to flye ; which being told Pi^arro, he purfu'd
doubtlefs utterly defeated him at that bout, had not his Men, benumm'd with

that Jlmagro fhould furrender

deep Snow, been taken with a Diftemper which made them as if

inthey had been all Sea-fick, (for fuch is the property of the Mountain Guaytara)

marching

fomuch

in the

that they could fcarce carry their

to oppofe his Purfuers,

Arms

Whereupon

Jlmagro

and that he need not doubt of the Victory

was

advis'd

but he either

Dictates, or being counter-advis'd, fortifi'd himfelf in Qufco,

whither Ferdinand and Gonfaho Pi^arro march'd againft him. P^drigo de Orgonnes
Jlmagro 's Army, who being fick, lay on the Walls of the City to fee

following his

own

Commanded

the Battel fought.

march'd in the Front

which

each fide were in the Spanifr Service,

on the twenty fixth of April, Anno 1538. the Fight began, in

The Peruvians who on

,

the Almagrians did

yet Jlmagro

much mifchief with

Horfe retreated

foon after which the

reft

of

his

firft,

Crofs.bar (hot amongft the Pi^arrian^

of Peter Valdma ;

Courage alfo failing, fled to the City

being under the

Army,

their

Command

into

rr

Chap. IV.

M E %}

iA

into which, as loon as Orgones being /hot in the

rufh'd after them, and took^/w^/oPrifoner

ginning, he foon found himfelf in a great

Ahnagro's Party refus'd to ierve Pi^rro,

from him by

refolving to take Almagro

whom

J.

ftrait, fince

and murmur'd againft him

likewife fo

ftay,

upon by

fet

Army

but got his

Conqueror

in all places,

Pi^rros Soldiers grumfor the many hazards which they had run
:

as well as poflibly he could, he banifh'd all

away

he made no

the

thofe which remain'd alive of

tinous Soldiers with Captain Peter de Qandia todifcover

;

flain,

yet notwiftanding this profperous be-

he thought to be of the oppofite Party, fent

gro to death, and march'd to Cailao

433

Head and

force, befides that

bled that they were not paid fufficiently

wherefore to compose thefe Troubles

the chief of his

own mu-

new Countreys,

put Alma*

where being ftraitned for want of Provifion

with much ado to Cufco. Gojifalves Pi$a_rro was

the Natives, that he loft a confiderable

number of Men

In ffiort, the Pi^arrans were defeated in all places, and at length the Marquefs, Belief*
though forewarned by his Secretary Antonio <Picado } was murder'd in his own Houfe tmtm^
in the City of Lima, otherwife call'd

Year 1541 5
ones view and deriiion,

Diego, in the

De

Body dragged

his

(%05,by a Baftard-Son o Almagro, nim'd

los

to the

Churchward, lay there

dered '

to every

John de Barbara buried the fame.

His Father Gonfaho His Original

fizgrro, fir-nam'd The tall Qti%en of Truxillo, Commanding a Company of Foot in 2?5bS
6
Xfyvarre, had two lawful Sons, vi%. Ferdinand, who was murder'd in the Spanijh **'.
Caftle Motta, and John that was flam in Cufco, when Mango Inga conquer'd the City,
till

the other two, Gonfaho and Francifco, being both Baftards

;

have

by

of which

the laft

is

Mother in the Church Porch, and kept alive for

feveral days by fucking of a Sow, till his Father afore-mention'd finding him, and
acknowledging him for his Son, put him out to Nurfe, and when he was *?rown
up fet him to keep Swine 5 which courfe of Life he foon left, and following Alphon*

faid to

beer* expos'd

his

fus de Ojeda, Balboa, and Pedro deAvita in their Expeditions, he quickly

and

at lad

came

to that heighth

of Honor and

Command we

grew

have heard.

rich,

Francifo

was alfo his Brother by the.Mothers lide.onely. He was a Man

defpis'd all Dangers and Hardfhips, was fo well experienc'd in Martial Afthat he might well (land in competition with many of the antient Heroes.

Martino de Alcantara

who
fairs,

In Los %eyos he built two very

other for the

Monks De

was both meek and

la

artificial

Water-Mills, a Dominican Cloyfter, and an-

Merced, and likewife a ftately Palace for himfelf

He
Em-

and though he bore the greater!: Command in the

peror's Name over the mighty Kingdom of Peru, and got more Riches than ever
any of the %oman, Perfian, Grecian, or Ajfyrian Monarchs poffefs'd, yet he went in the
affable

fame plain kind of Apparel in the heighth of his Grandeur, as when he was but in a
low Condition about his Neck he commonly ty'd a Linnen Hankerchiff,with which
;

he us'd to wipe the Sweat from his Face

days

in peaceable

Intervals he fpent

whole

playing at Bowls, without any diftin&ion of Perfons, chufing often to play

rather with a Sea-man or common Soldier, than a phantaftick Gallant
He vifited
in

the meaneft Citizens, and

was upon

many

times us'd to eat with poor People, to

occafions very noble and liberal

all

the ftrength of meer natural Parts

ther Write nor

Read

by

Attabaliba

Sifter,

who came

a very unfortunate time, for

their

was

he

is

fo very illiterate, that he could nei-

faid to

his

two Marks, betwixt which

have had a Son which died young

afterwards to be call'd Donna Angelina

upon

his

good

he

All his Defigns he carried on by

were Sign'd with

his Edicts

his Secretary writ Francifco Pi^arro

y

for he

whom

fuccefs the Spanifl?

he died in

Power had grounded

whole Defigns,thinking with the Peruvian Treafures, as the Sinews of War, to

have erected a
Pi^arro's

fifth

Monarchy

to fucceed the fourth of the (Romans.

Murderer, though aiming

at the

Supream Power, he had

S f

a confiderable

Party

M E %I C

A.

Party to countenance and aid him,yet he found refiftance

fw
tcrJy

out the lofs of

ofr "

defeat-

r r/?ro Landed

edhyFM

v"

in

many

places, not with*

which Juncture the Learned Vacca de

w
CommiiTion from the Emperor to fettle the divi-

fides.

In

with a

in (P^'

de Cnjho.

many Men on both

<unap,

*'

-l-

ded Kingdom 'of Per

in

Peace and Quiet

but the young Ahnagro

mad

to fee-

Ambition thus croiVd, gave Battel to Caflro in the Plain of Chupas

the Di finite
was long and refolute on both fides, and the Night coming on made the Fioht the
more terrible, in which the Victory inclined to Caflro howevej the Ahna?rians flood
to it ftoutly for a great while, and that chiefly through the valor of the Captains'
his

(Balboa

and

down

all

who

Chriftophr Lofa,

came

breaking

in

amongftthe

Caflreans,

hack'dand hew'd

were fore'd to betake themfelves to flight,

and had not many of them.exchang'd their white Scarfs with the red of the (lain
Caflreans, fcarce any of them had efcap'd from being kill'd in the purfuit, and moll
v

Pnl ner

p
by

they

near,

till

at laft they

tnem that did efcape were flain the next Morning by the Peruvians. <I{odrigoSala^mag ro s Deputy, delivered up his Lord to (%ftro,who condemned him to death,
whereupon he was immediately Beheaded with a Sword. This Battel hapned on

<?f

aqd
Beheaded.

'

the twenty fixth of September Anno 1542.

when it Froze fo hard the following Night,

that m oft of thofe that were left wounded upon the place, were frozen to death.
Thus Caflro began his Government with Blood, and made it his firfl Bufmefs to
make a Difcovery by feveral of his Captains, whom he fent for that purpofe, of the
Countreys lying Eaftward from Peru, lying upon the great River Dela Plata, and
the River Marannon, where in mod: places they met onely with falvage People, and
for the mod part Man-eaters and in one place where they Landed, a great Fifh refembling a Dog came afliore and kill'd feveral Arm'd Soldiers. A year and a half
;

Caflro

had

when

liv'd in Cufco,

at the arrival

of the Vice-Roy

!Blafcus JSfytme^ Vela,

were turn'd topfie-turvy, he being fent thithdr by the Emperor Charles the
accompanied by four Councilors, Diego Sepada, Lifon Tejada, Juan Jlvare^

all things

Fifth,

and Peter Qrti^ to curb the Spaniards Villanies and Outrages committed againft. the
Peruvians, entucd Tumbe^ Anno 1 544. where he immediately publifh'd the Emperor's
Edicts, which were to this effect
:

S pS- mr
nrution in be-

half

Indians.

Ill

referred

Al1

Peruvian s

ma fa j e

are to be releasd

f their Service

ti

them without paying for

from Slavery

no

Spaniard

flail in the leafl oppreflthem,

without rewarding them for the fame, nor take any Provifions
of

it.

This Proclamation was like to put the Spaniards into an uproar

for at that
-time a Pfrvw Lord Was fore'd to allow every Foot^Soldier three Slaves, and a
Horfeman five, befides Hens, Rabbets, Eggs, the Wine A^un, and other Provifions,
:

The

for nothing.

general Complaints were,

%eward for our Service which

Hie have fliewn to the Emperor ? Is not this mighty
Kingdom of Peru by our (Blood and Labor
joynd to the Imperial Crot^n ? Our Shoulders are groTvn fore under our Arms, our (Bodies made
uftbfi Toith Wounds and our Limbs lamed IVitbBruifes. Who \fh all maintain our Wives and
Is this the

Children, if the
not be fore'd to

Service for

flfl

~toho

for Pearls

maintain us

to

Emperor's

Peruvians,

according

in the

ment of a kw, he

Law

of Arms are become our Slaves, flouU

Sea, and dig us Silver out of the Mines, and do us other

But Vila being deaf to thefe Complaints, refolv'd that the

Commands mould

fhould lofe their Lives

to the

be

fulfill'd,

and that he might

and that thofe that fpake againft them

terrifie

the generality with the punish-

caus'd Fryer Peter of the Order of the Virgin Mary to be Execu-

ted in Truxillo, Caflro to be

committed to Prifon at Lima, becaufe he had put Ahnagro

to death without Examination, and fluit the Gates of
Cufco when, his Agent came
before the fame. But do what he could, the Spaniards generally making Head, utterly refus'd

General,

who

obey the Emperor's Edicts, and chofe Gonfalvo Pi^arro for their
rais'd five hundred Men in compleat Arms in Cufco, from whence he

to

maich'd

WBT

*J

Gaap. IV,
rrurch'd dire&ly with

them

ME

to Los

J{^J C

flfyyos,

43?

under pretence to deliver a Petition

there to the Vice-Roy's Council, about deferring to put the new Edi&s
the prefent Condition of the Peruvian State 3
till the Emperor was better inform'd of
in force

Pizarro marches againit

the

Vice-Roy

Vela.

twenty great Field-pieces being alio order'd to follow Pi^arro's Army, were car*
to each Gun wichout the Carriage
ried by the Peruvians over craggy Mountains
;

hundred Men, of whom twelve at a time carried it in their

turns a hundred Paces a piece 5 though feveral eminent Perfons confidering the
weightinefs of the Affair, forfook fi^arro's Party, and went privately to the Vicewere order'd three

Roy,

as

on the other

being not a

little

fide,

many

deferting the

Vice-Roy joyn'd with

fi^arro,

who

fupply'd by Peter Puelles Governor of Guanaca, took feveral of thofe

them all to death, whileft the Vice-Roy

made what Preparations poflibly he could, Hanging many innocent Perfons onely
on fufpicion of holding Correfpondency with Pi^arro, infomuch that there was no
that had deferted

him

Prifoners, and put

end of Murdering on both fides. But Vela clafiiing with his Councellors, becaufe
without
they would not confent that he mould ruine Los %&josa refolv'd to do it
them and to that end to remove the Emperor's Seal, Staple of Trade, and Courts

Vela clashing

with the
Commiffiorjers,

ii

fea'd

upon.

which as he was
of Judicature to Truxillo, and to fpoil the Countrey all about
about to put in Execution, they privately got Captain Martin gobies, and Vela's
Lifeguard, confiding of a hundred Men, on their fide, whileft the common Peo;

ple mutinying broke into the Palace, took Vela and carried
in Los %eyos }

where the four Councellors wereailembled,

him

who

to the chief Church

order'd that the Pri*

away to Spain, when Jlvares Cueto lying in the Harthreatned to fall upon the Inhabitants if they would not releafe

foner (hould be Shiptand fent

bor with ten

Sail,

whereupon the Councellors well provided with Guns, rais'd feveral Batteries againft his Ships, fo that Cueto finding himfelf too weak, fet four
of his VeiTels on fire, and Sail'd with the reft to the Haven GuaVara- where being
Vice-Roy

the

fet

upon by Viego Garros, he was

up

to the Councellors,

Didaco Aharade^,

But

but

Vela's

nothing

elfe

who

fore'd to deliver the remaining part of his Fleet

fent Vela

Pi^arro,

who

away with
till

this

the fame, under the

Command

of

time had pretended that he fought

Departure, march'd clofe to the Walls of Los %eyos with

twelve hundred Men, Hang'd three Citizens upon a Tree, required the CounceU
lors to errant him Letters Patents, by which he might be acknowledg'd for the Supream Governor otPeru, which if they refus'd, he threatned to put all that were

Sword and upon Confutation it was judg'd convenient to

grant his Demands, the rather, becaufe they had not above fifty fighting Men in
the City. Mean while Didaco Jfoarade^ making an Agreement with the Vice-Roy,
they return'd back with their Ships, and Landed in the Haven Mouth of the Pu-

in the City to the

what Forces they could poflibly thereabouts, but were fore'd to

retire from thence to Quito, (at the fame time that the CouncellorT^W^, being fent
by Pi^arro to the Emperor, came to an Anchor there) where they were courteoufly Entertain'd as alfo in St. Michael, where they got daily more and more Affiof which Pi^arro being inform'd, went thither with five hundred Men,
ftants

ver

Tumbe^

rais'd

Being Shipc
for

Spam,

'

is

brought back
by Alvamdsz-

and forcing the Vice-Roy to flye from thence, purfu'd him above thirty Leagues,
Hanging up all thofe whom he could take of his Party. After many Rencounters
and Hardlhips fuffer'd by both Parties, fi^arro exceedingly wearied, return'd to
Quito, where he minded nothing but all manner of Debaucheries, not in the lead
regarding the ViceRoy's Defigns, which it concerned him to have narrowly look'd
into, for he having got five

hundred

Men

on

his fide, refolv'd to venture a Battel.

was towards Evening when the two Parties had fight of one another Tirana
having not onely more Men but alfo better Exercis'd in Arms than the Vice Roy,
It

who

Is

put

flight

to
arid

purfu'd

by

Fizarro,

*A

45^

M E-%

I C A.

Chap. IV,

who

being fenfible thereof, went filcntly about Midnight from his Station along
a narrow by- Path, fo to fall behind upon the Rere of the Enemy, who miftrufted
nothing, by reafon the Vice-Roy's Dogs kept a continual Barking

in his old Sta-

and the Penman Sentinels were heard calling to one another, and makincr
great Fires all the Night long ; but becaufe the Way was overgrown, and
farther
about than it was fuppos'd, the Vice-Roy finding the Night too far fpent, went
tion,

back to

out of which he Sallied as Toon as he had fight of Pi^arro's Forces

againft whom, being clad in a white Riding Coat, through the Slits of which
ap*
Quito,

came Riding on a Bay Geldincr in the Head of

amongft the Enemies Ranks,he made a confider.

pear'd a Cloth of TiiTue Doublet, he

which breaking in
amongft them, till Hernand

his Party; with

able (laughter

on

The Vice-

Had with

the

roy flain by
Carvaynles.

a Battel- Ax, that fell'd

ran immediately, out of defire to revenge his Brother's Death

the Vice.Roy had murder'd, and chopped off his Head. Thus Pi^arro
being

CarVajales feeing,

whom

abfolute Mafter of the Field, began to

Pi?arro

Luxury, and
Tyranny.

coming near him, gave him a Blow

him to the Ground, which the Lawyer

Tores

{hew

tyranny upon the Prifoners, fome

he took away by Poyfon, others he Executed with the Sword and Halter, others
he banifh'd to the remote Countrey Qhili, and fpent his time in all manner of Vice
his

where, amongft other leud Actions, making Love to another Man's Wife
he hir'd one Vincent Paul to murder her Husband, which faid Vincent was afterwards
in Quito

Hang'd at Valladolid in Spain. The Adulterefs alfo was afterwards Got with Child
by her own Father, and both of them put to death for Inceft and murdering of their
Child,

Pi^arro being receiv'd as

than other, infomuch that his

wanted onely

rant.

King

grew every day more proud

Friends themfelves began to hate and envy him, and
in Los P^eyos,

convenient opportunity to rid themfelves of this high-minded Tyftrange Accident, among others, had done him great hurt, had it not
been
a

timely difcover'd, vi^ JoandelaTorre, a Soldier formerly belonging to the

ViceRoy, found accidentally a Grave in the Valley Hica (which by the Peruvians had

been worfliipp'd above two Ages before) and

ver as amounted to above eighty thoufand

in

it

Crowns

much

fo
in

rauldsand Turcoifes,a\\ which Treafure. he was puzled

OfFer'd

Gold and

Gold, befides

how

to carry

many

Sil-

Erne,

away and

pof-

partly fearing the Emperor's Difpleafure, if he -fhould arrive

thus
rich in Spain, the rather becaufe he had fid ed with Pi^arro, and alfo knowing
fefs fecurely,

it

was impoffible to convey

laft, after

Vela

Nanuez
Torre

Plotting a-

Vela

are taken
and Executed

many Contrivances, he

and

judg'd

it

convenient to put the

Money

much

priviledge allow 'd

him from

had fo

went a Hunting, and other fuch

Exercifes, diftant from the Camp, who meeting with La Torre, took him in his
arms, and embrae'dhim with great joy, which fo wrought upon LaTorre, that he
difcover'd the Secret of his difcover'd Treafure, took an Oath of him that he would
be faithful to him,and take Revenge of Pi^arro for all the Injuries receiv'd from himPi^arro, that he

fet

Sail

from thence,

their

Plot being difcover'd, both Nunne^ and Torre were Executed, and their Riches
into the
lent to fettle

Affairs

Pern.

in

at

in a fmall

to the flain Vice-Roy, taken in the Battel at Quito,

but before, according to their Agreement, they could

Peter Gufctt

Sail

Nunne^ y Brother

ypinft Pirarro,

on Ship-board without one or others knowledge

with the fame to Nicaragua, there to raife Men to oppofe Pi^arro

in thofe Parts, that fo he might regain the Emperor's Favor. This Undertaking
feem'd to bethreatned by many Dangers, he not having a fufficient Spirit to Command, or at leaft Experience to officiate the Place of a Captain. In the mean time
Veflcl,

and La

it

fell

Hands oiPt^arro.

Whileftthe Peruvian Affairs were in

power'd by the Emperor

confufion and diforder, Peter Cafca, imCharles the Fifth, arriving there, endeavor'd to fettle all
this

things in Peace and Quiet, and fent by Peter Hernandez, betides the Emperor's Letter,

another,

Chap. IV-

another which he writ

purpofe

>7

the Contents of

fi&no,

hirrifeif to

A.
which were

to this

THe

Peruvian

Soyl hath drunk up the Spanifti 'Blood long enough , and the

gapes for P^efi

"Which the

LaTx>s

M E%lt

The Emperor

'Pardon for

proffers

Viceroy Vela, during

his

all

ruindPjalm jM

pafl primes, Repeals the nelo

Government, enjoynd the Spaniards

U**

**

to obferVe*

that Jrms muft firfl he laid afide ,

Jf Pizarro aims at the general Welfare, he may eafily fee
which he now depends on in Vain, all his Affociates beingready to forfake m % becaufeno Soldier

can take up

Arms

againfi the Emperor, without being guilty of high Treafon.

War, who dirTerM very f^ 9'^5

much from one another in their Votes, fome judging that it would be beft pri- hl m.
vately to deftroy Gafca, others were for an open Engagement, but mod thought of
Pi^arro confounded with this Letter, call'd a Council of

another way, vi%. to get hisPerfon into their cuftody, and keep him under a ftrong
Guard on the Ifland Tuna, under pretence that the Peruvian Princes were Tent for to

fupream Governor, which becaufe the Cities lay Co

remote one from another, could not be done in lefs than two years. Mean while
an EmbalTy was to be fentto the Court at Madrid, which fhould enjoyn Gafca to

come and acknowledge him

as

and not offer to come to fern till fuch time as the Emperor
commanded the fame a fecond time at the return of the Agents. But Bieronimus ^Jffi
r

remain

in Panama,

Loaifa, chief Bifliop

Pi^arro's

Solis,

Emperor
had

never went their

who

were defign'd for this EmbaiTy to the

Journey, but ftaid in Panama with Gafca, who

Steward, Laurence Aldana,

Charles,

alio gain'd to his Party Peter Jlphonfo Ainoiofa,

Fleet: Aldana likewife inform'd

upon

fft

of tos%eyos, Thomas Martin, Provincial of the Dominicans, Gomes

Gafca fent privately for

Aid

him of

all

who Commanded

Pi^arro's private

Pi%arro'$

Councelsj where*

to Mexico, Guatimala, Nicaragua,

and

St,

Domingo,

and difpatch'd four Ships with three hundred Men, Commanded by Aldana, from
the Haven Panama, with Order to Land about Midnight againftthe City LosP^eyos,
and fo fall unawares on Pizarro, Aldana accordingly falling into the Bay of Malaand fupply'd with Provisions by Diego M>r4,Governor oTruxilIo
On the other fide, the Field*Marflial Qarvayales being fent for by Pizarro, made a
pompous Entrance, with the firing of Guns and Bonfires, into Los%eyos, where all

brige,\NZS reliev'd

Perfons that ffcem'd to have the

poyfon'd.

In the

room of

leaft inclination for Gafca,

Lawyer

Mora, Pizarro fent the

vernor otTruxillo, but he being taken by Aldana

were

either ftabb'd or

Garcias Leon to be

Fleet, joyn'd

with Gafca

Goand

thus all things began to confpire the ruine of Pizarro, yet he defpair'd not, but being
inform' d of the approach of the Ships, caus'd the Drums to be beaten in Los Pjyos,

one that was able to bear Arms, on pain of death to ferve him, made
feveral experienc'd Soldiers, Commanders over his Horfe and Foot, to whom he
gave as much Money as they requir'd,to maintain thofe whom they had raised, and

forc'd every

by which means he got athoufand Men in Arms ; to which

number, according to an Order fent to Cufco, Plata, Arequipa, Lima, Guanuco, and
other neighboring Places, new Forces were expected to joyn j but Savedra, Gover-

who were

to be rais'd,

nor of Guanuco, deferting the City,

left

the Province of Caxamalca for Gafca.

Pizarro and joyn'd with Mora,

Thus

who

fecur'd

more and

Pizarro began to be daily

more forfaken. Sincethe deftrudion of the Vice-Roy Vela, Captain Diego Qenteni
had hid himfelf out of fear oiPi^arro a whole year, in a Cave under Ground, but
now inform'd of Gafca s Arrival, came forth, and getting forty Men and fome
Horfes together, which alfobelong'd formerly to the Vice*Roy, refolv'd, though
meanly Arm'd, to go upon a bold Defign, Yt%. to take the City Cufco of which
j

Antonio

38

M E%^I C

Chap. IV.

J.

Man hated and defpis'd for his mean Extract and little Wit
had the chief Command, there being therein a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers
befides the Citizens, who were likewife in Arms
Being inform'd of Centeno's approach, he fent out Francijco Aguiene as aSpyetodifcover the Enemy but he joyning
Jntomo

%obks, a

de

with

Centeno, advis'd

him

to

march along

By-way, and towards Night

to

draw up

about Cufco, which accordingly he did, and forcing open the Gates, -ruGi'd

in

with

Horfe againft the Enemy, who were drawn up in the Market-place, and break*
ing through their Ranks trampled whole Companies under foot after which he fell
his

dfto

taken

in

upon

who
the Men blinded by

having forgotten to give his

gobies,

ffraction

for

Men

the Word,

the darknefs of the Night,

Foe, infomuch that gobies' s Party did one another

caus'd a great di-

knew

not Friend from

more mifchief than

Centeno did

who

being thus become Mafter of the City, caus'd gobies to be Beheaded the next
day, and diftributed a hundred thoufand Ducats amongft his Soldiers, and then
rnarch'd with a hundred

Men

to the City flata, to bring Mendo^a,

fame, under the Emperor's fubjection

Governor of the

which his Defign he likewife prov'd fuccefsful, being fupply'd with a hundred and thirty Foot, which Lucas Martin , had
fetch'd from Arequipa for the Service of fi^arro, whom fince he had deferted and
joyn'd with Gafca's Party.

in

Mean while

the Fleet under the

Command

of Aidant

Haven before Los %eyos to the great terror and amazement of the
whole City from whence Vt^arro marching, Encamp'd himfelf with five hundred and fifty Men, fo to prevent their Landing, fwearing that he would fparc
arriv'd in the

none whoe're

fell

into his Hands, and fent Order to Teter Martin,

whom he

had

left

immediately to Hang upthofe which would not follow the Army, or

return'd from thence home to which purpofe Martin wT ent from place to place

in the City,

who

with an Executioner, and thinking him not quick enough

many

Citizens himfelf:

aways

ffoould

And

in his

Work,

ftabb'd

Order was given by <&i%afrQ, that all Runbe punifli'd with Death
notwithstanding all which many of his
ltrict

neareft Friends daily forfook him, taking advantage of the darknefs

nay, the Soldiers themfelves would at Noon*day ride

aloud, Long

live the

mod convenient
whole Troops
and thofe he

cbrSTrSe
Emperor,

to

left

Emperor, and

remove

let

the

Tyrant Pizarro die

of the Night

away from him,

cryino-

Wherefore he judg'd

it

Countrey Nafta
During his Journey thither,
him, infomuch that he fcarce kept a hundred and fifty Men,
to the

Minute would

upon him and Murder him.

With Vizarros departure, the whole Scene of Affairs was changed in Los %eyos
fa
tk e im
p er a l Standard was erected, the City Cryer read the Letters of
Pardon which Gafca had brought with him from Spain in die corner of every Street,
Juan fpalimino Landing with fifty Men, received all thofe that had deferted Ti^irro,
whileft Gafca let Sail from Tanama with five hundred Men, with whom Landing ac
Truxillo, he Encamp'd himfelf in the Valley Xauxa, whither great multitudes
flock'd from all places out of malice to Ti^um, who in a fhort time had deftroy'd
fear'd every

^^

above

five

hundred Gentlemen.

the City Arequipa,

Forces

fall

But

Ti^arro

which he found quite

meeting afterwards with the

of which one half were alio run away, joyn'd

Commanded

defolate, but

by Juan Acofta,
with them, and march'd againft Centeno,

whom he

Engag'd

in the

having quitted Los ^eyos, he poffefs'd

who lay

along the Lake

Titicaca,

Plain Guarina'.LudoYico ^jbera LzndingjCenteno's Party

with
fir'd

Guns before the Ti^arrians were within fliot of him, of which CarVayales makinofpeedy ufe, drew up his Pieces clofe before the Enemy, and made an exceeding
llaughter amongft them, killing above a hundred and fifty Men in the firft Onfet
their

the Horfe amaz'd at the fudden deftruction of the Foot, fled, leaving the remain-

ing Foot-Soldiers open to the

Enemy, who was

gotten behind

them with hisMuf.

quetteers,

*r

*AME<KiCA

Chap. IV.
quetteers

and with

his

Horfe before, whileft

fix (Peruvians carried

away

Centeno

out

of the Fight, he lyingfick on a Chair. Pizarro thus become Victor, kill'd all he
met with of which Gafca being inform'd, refolving upon a private and fudden
Revenge^caus'd all NecetTaries for War to be made ready, and march'd with a thou

fand and nine hundred

Men

out of the Valley of Xauxa to Cufco, where by the

Way

experienced Colonel Peter Vahlivia had

he was fupply'd with the Forces, which the
brought from Chili with which coming to Andagua, he took up his Quarters there
continual Rains made the Ways
for fome time, becaufe the mild Winter had with
;

fo dirty, that there

was no

travelling,

and had rotted

their

Tents and Mai^, andal-

In March, Gafca broke up with

fo occafion'd the Bloody-flux amongft the Soldiers.
found very troublefom, becaufe Pihis Camp to crofs the River Apurima, which he

But Gafca caus'd Wood and other Materithe Enemy fhould not certainly know his Inals to be carried to feveral places,that
where fudtentions and at laft march'd over deep fnowy Mountains to Qotabamba,
the Horfe fufdenly he made a Bridge, over which march'd four hundred Foot, but
moft damage for fixty Horfes loaden with Arms going to wade over, were

^arro had

broke

down

fer'd

all the

Bridges

carried

down by

the Stream againft fliarp Rocks,

eor'd in their fides, and

many of them

kill'd

by which they were defperately

outright,

Pi^arro inform'd of the

Enemies whole Proceedings by his Spyes, fent Ac oft a thither with two hundred
many,
Mufquetteers, to fall upon thofe that .were come over, whom he finding too
getting
not venture to Engage with them. Mean while Gafca s whole Army
durft

march'd up a high Hill, whileft Pi%arover on the other fide of the River Apurima,
five Leagues from Cufco, in a Plain call'd Saguifagrana, the
ro Encamp'd himfelf
by a Riinto his Camp being fortifi'd with fix Field-Pieces, each fide

Entrance

Gafca flood upon

by a deep dry Moat
ver and feveral Mountains, and the Rere
whole Forces lying in the Valley, and being opa Hill and view'd the Enemy's
his Men were fo exceedingly pinch'd with Cold
prefs'd with exceflive Heat, whileft
able to hold their Arms, according to the ftrange
in the Night, that they were fcarce
Hills generally Freeze, whileft
property of the Peruvian Climate ; for the tops of
Heat : At Break-of-day
Valleys about a League from thence are parch'd with
:

the

Horfe being divided into two Wings, were ComGafca defcended the Hill 5 his
Mendo^a led fome
manded, the left by Juan SaVedra, and the right by Balthazar Qaftro^
guarded the Guns, and Gafca himfelf march'd in the Front of the

Dragoons,

Valdivia

On the other fide, Pi^arro plac'd the Peruvians on his right Wing,
the Horfe, CarVayales and La Torre the Foot, Sebaftian
Atofia Commanded

Mufquetteers.
fepeda

and

Field-Pieces : But the Battel was fcarce begun,

Vergara and Peter Soria guarded the
went to joyn with
when Qepedo and a great part of the Horfe deferring Pi&rro
at the fame
right Wing of the Mufquetteers
Gafca, and immediately after the
which fome ran afir'd amongft Piano's main Body, of
.

time

way

and Mendo Ka
to Cufco, others with
Centeno

terly

their

thus forfaken, cry'd out, Since

Colours to Gafca

all

amongft the

thickeft

Army.

Pi^arro feeing himfelf

are fled to the Imperial Standard, 1 will alfo betake

thither,^here perhaps I may find Mercy:

in

my

and

Gafcn's

Power.

Whereupon

die Valiantly
of the Enemy, and

Acofta
:

To

anfwer'd, Let us

which

rather fall

Pizarro reply 'd, No,

;

loft

his

Corflet
Armor,a Golden Helmet with a ftately Plume of Feathers, and a
him in
Gafca feeing him brought before
incircl'd with Emeraulds about his Neck
you not order d your <Bufmef well, to waftefo much
this manner, faid thus unto him, Have

in curious

sTreafure, and Jhedfo much

of the Emperor'
r
1

defeat-

ed, furrenders himfelf

[elf into

aljo
Honor and Goods, Imuft take care for my Soul, that that may not be loft
Silver, and delivered himfelf
which faid, he lighted from his Horfe, Caparifon'd in
Habited
Sword into the Hands of the Serjeant Villavicen^o who found him

ml? I have

Pizarro ut-

mod, and all to confirm

your

felf in your

unlawful

UfurpattQn

** M.
'

Ufurpation of

To which

Peru?

E<KI

Chap. IV.

Pi^arro anfwer'd, faying,

I have Jfeht my oltnEftate

SerViceoftbe Spanifh CroD?n;and might lawfully take upon me the Government

of Peru,
brting with the loft, of my Brother's Life, and the bayard
of myolbn, difcover d the fame]
QarVayales efcaping out of the Fight, had hid himfelf in a Thicket
of Canes,
in the

but
People, was by them brought before Gafca, who
the
next day after the Battel caus'd him to be Quarter'd alive, and
Piano's Head to
be cut offin Prifon
the other Prifoncrs were molt of them kill'd in
cold Blood.
being difcover'd by his

Carvctyp.ks

and Pmarro
both put to
de,:th by
Gaj.a.

own

become abfolute Mafter of Peru, found an incredible Treafure

left by
of which he gave to every common Soldier above fix thoufand
Ducats-

Gafca thus
Pi^arro,

and with

this his victorious

tioners afrefh, in

Army

march'd to

where he employed

Cufco,

Hanging, Drawing, and the

his

Execu-

fome that were ftigmatiz'd

to the Galleys, accounted themfelves happy that
they had efcap'd
fo.
Gafca, though Vidor, perceiv'd no fmall Troubles to threaten
him, having
twenty five hundred Men in Arms, of which every one for their
faithful Service
judg'd that they deferv'd fome Office or other, there being then
above a hundred
and fifty to difpofe of, Pi Karro having Executed the chiefeft Officers,
and thofe
that bore any Command under him being either fled or kill'd in
thelaft Fight
like

and condemned

buc
were wanting, was not to be compared to all
thofe that gap'd for Commiffions. The Revenues, which
yearly amounted to
eleven hundred thoufand Ducats, went moft of it away amongft
the Officers
:

the fmall

common

number of

Officers that

the

Soldiers getting oneiy a fmall Snip out of

murmur, and were upon

it

wherefore

many began

to

the point of Mutinying, iUtanca, the

Judge of criminal
Caufes, taking the chief of them, had not puniftTd them in fuch a
manner, that all
the reft being terrifi'd, gave over their Complaints. After
Gafca had fpent above
nine hundred thoufand Ducats in the War againft Pt^arro
all which

Money he

took up upon

Intereft,

which,

after

having

fetled the

Kingdom

in Quietnefs, he

paid for the moft part with the

Goods taken from the Rebels. Next he made a Law

concerning the Peruvians paying of Tribute, which before the
6>4w^forc'd from
them whenfoe're and howfoere they pleased, with the greateft
Tortures imaainable.
Peru Covered by ViceRoys.

Gafca having again erected in Los <%eyos the high

Court of Judicature, in which

the Imperial Judges, returned home with an unvaluable
Mafs of Treafure for

fat

Charles the

Fifth,and

left

the Peruvian

Government

to the

Judge Qanca

fince

which

time Peru hath been Govern'd by Vice-Roys, the firft whereof,

who fucceeded Cianca, was Antonio Uendo^a, and after him fucceffively
Andreas Hurtado Mendoqt, "Diego
Falafco, LopeK Garcias de Caftro,

Francifco de Toledo, Martin Enriques,

Garcia* Mendo^a,

whom the Peruvian Kingdom hath enjoy'd

Peace and Quiet, to the confiderable enriching of the Spanijh
Inhabitants.
Thus much of the antient Tranfadions in Peru, k will now be requifite
LudoYico KeUJ'co,

and Juan Pacheco, under

to give

you
Divifion of
Peru.

Account of the feveral Provinces in this mighty Kingdom.

The Countrey is generally divided into thr Qt Juridical P(eforts, as they
a brief

call

them,

or Courts of Appeal, which are Quito, Lima, and Charcot

but the particular Proas
vinces,
they are commonly obferv'd by Geographers, are
laid to be fix, W*.
T.Quito. z.LosQuixos. yLima. ^.Cufco. ^. Charcot, and 6.
Collao.
.

Sect.

wr

AMERICA.

Chap. IV.

j E C T.

lis

Quito,

THe

firft

Province of Tern towards the North

of Granada, with which on that

Mare

manner
and in fome
in a

del

Zur j on

right under the Line,

and

is

Quito, or the

new Kingdom

bounded, having on the Weft

and on the Eaft, Los Quixos. It lieth

fide

the South, Lima

is

it is

faid to

Situation

art

Defcription

of Quito*

be feventy two Leagues in length,

places about twenty five in breadth.

The Winter begins here in

Otlober,

and continues

till

March-, in

which

fall

mighty-

Showers, and on the Mountains abundance of Snow, but all the Summer long the
Sun is feldom darkned with a Cloud. Many of the Inhabitants die of a Giddinefs
in the

Head about

the beginning and end of

Summer. The

fOX alfo deftroys

many of the Natives with which Difeafe they are often born, and give it to the
Spaniards, who are not able to abftain from the Indian Women
they ufe Sajfaparilla and the Wood Guaiacum to cure themfelves with.
Here grow alfo many poyfonous Herbs, which the Peruvians make ufe of to
;

poyfon one another.

In the fartheft parts of Quito

grows

and cooling Fruit Quaba, two Handlong, covered with a grey Rind, and within full of white Pulp and
hard

fuls

the fait

The Fruit
Quaba.

Kernels.

The Tree

Guaiaba hath a pale fmooth Bark, thick Boughs, hard and glittering
Leaves, Flowers confiding of five Leaves, not unlike a Peacock's Plume, long Ap-

The Tree
Guaiaba.

woolly without, and within full of a pale red Pulp and eatable Stones the
Root, which fpreads it felf very much, is fweetj-and when boyFd cures the Bloodyflux. This Tree grows in moil places, efpecially in low Grounds, the more
becaufe the Kernels which the Birds picking out let fall on the Ground, fpring up
in
ples,

new Trees.
The Spanifi

Fruits, as Peaches, Cittrons, Figs,

Pomegranates, Pears, Quinces,

and Oranges, grow alfo here in great abundance, but when ripe are fubjecl: to rot.

Moreover, the Fields abound with Wheat, Barley, andJ^f^ the Paftures afford plenty of Grafs for Oxen, Horfes and Sheep, which bring forth Lambs twice
;

in fourteen Moneths.

The Ocean and

duce Gold

Rivers ftore of Fifli

the Stream Barbara us d formerly to pro-

alfo.

In moift Grounds the Inhabitants find abundance of Salt-petre, the beft that
for the making of Gunpowder.

is

For the Accommodation of Travellers, Inns call'd Tambos, are built near
the
High- ways, exactly five Leagues diftant one from another, where all forts of Provifions are fold at a

fet

Price.

The

Natives antiently went Cloth'd in a Frock without Sleeves, as wide on the

top as at the bottom, and pleited their long Hair. They are ftrong, well propof ti*
on'd in Body, andfubtile enough to learn any Art, but treacherous, inconftant,and
inclin'd to

Drunkennefs

%oman Religion,

They were

very hard alfo to be brought to receive the

moft of them would not furfer themfelves to be Baptiz'd

They alfo drove a great Trade in Cotton, Wooll, and Cloth.

fo that

they lay a dying

till

Between fafto and

The Inns
lambos,

Quito are feveral Villages,

and the famous High- way, by the

and Mountains, the Wall of an old Caftle, and
the wonderful Stone-Bridge Lumkhaca, which Nature hath made over the fwift
lngas cut through the Wilderneffes

River

The Nature
of the People.

fe

M E %I C

zl

44 z

River Guaca

it

confifts

of a hard

Chap. IV.

J.

Foot whereof

Cliff, at the

is

a great Arch^

through which the Water runs with exceeding force.

This Tract of Land produces Mai^ and abundance of Mortuanos, a Fruit refembling Damask Prunes, which eaten in excefs caufe Drunkennefs and Faintnefs.
y

The Lake
Towns and
Places

ef

chief note.

laguarcocha, fignifying Bloody -Water, becaufe the

and drown'd twenty thoufand there.

The chief Towns and Places of Note

where flood a fumptuous and

The

ferted.

are,

(lately Palace

Palace, buik of Stone in a

little

no

nor Charges

Coil:

the antient^ow^? Edifices.

cold
the

fnowy Mountain.

Way

to Quito,

loft the Battel

3.

Quito,

and indeed

Between

it is

Plain, without either

Moreover, the

and efpecially

in the

in the building

a Structure

this Caftle

and

Spaniards

Valley

kill'd

Carangue^ antiently a Royal City,

of the Kings of Peru,

work, manifefts its former glory by its Ruines.

2. The Royal Caftle of Atabalo, or OttaVallis,
fpar'd

Inga GuayanacaVa

now

almoft de-

Mortar or Iron-

of which the

no way

inferior to

Cochequi, a ftately

Inga*

any of

Houfe,

lies

have feveral Habitations along

where the Vice^Roy

Vela

There flood formerly here

cer

Annacpuito,

fought againft Gonfaho Pi^arro.

commonly

call'd St. Francifco de Quito.

by the Inga* but the City was re*built by the Spaniards at the Foot
of a certain Ridge of Mountains, which it hath on the North and North*Weft fide
of it, and are laid by Laet, to crofsthe whole Countrey of Peru quite over from the
South to the North Sea
It was foon after the Building inhabited by five hundred
tain Palaces,built

Families of Spaniards at lead, befides Natives, and well fortifi'd, and might be

thought a

Town very

Vulcan, which

at

well feated in

times annoyeth

it

all refpedts,

but for the neighborhood of a

very much, as namely in the Year 1560. when,

vomited out luch abundance of flaming Cinders and other fulphureous Matter,
that had it not been for a Shower of Rain unexpectedly falling, would have much
it

damnified, if not deftroy'd the Place.

than other Peruvians.

The

The Natives about

Valleys which are

ner of Fruit-Trees and large Vineyards

more Moralized
Sun produce all man-

Quito are

warm'd by the
and the Root Papas, not unlike Apples*

The

pr

Chap.

M E %^ I C

<U

The QunuUMick is or a Mans heighth, hath

isboyl'd. From Quito the High-way leads
Leagues diftance flands

a brave Palace

a thoufand Leagues long.

The

little

A.

Seeds,of which a pleafant Liquor

to Cufco, along

which

at

every four

and from Cufco to Chili, beino i n all above

City, built on a Tandy Soyl, is divided
in the mid.
.

by a Moat, over which lead feveral Bridges the Streets

are large and
and full of handfom Houfes, and at the ends of the four chief
Streets
die

ftrcieht

four Marketother Churches, Dedicated to the

Saints 6V
baftian and Waft us. The Cloyfters of the Francifcans and
Dominicans are alfo no fmall
Ornament to the City.Befides other ftately Struclrures are the
Refidences
Befides the Cathedral,are

places.

two

of the Re-

ceivers of the Kings Revenues, to

which the Peruvians that live about the City

being computed nolefsthan fifty thoufand in number,
pay Tribute- and to keep
them in fubjedion,the City Quito is always wellftor'd with
all manner of Ammunition and Inftrumems of War. The chiefeft
Trade here confifts in Sheep Goats
'
and other Cattel, Cotton-Clothes, Cloth, Flax, Hats,
.Cordage, Su^ar and Salt
which Salt, being grey and bitter, fprings out of a Fountain
in the Countrey Mira.
The Oyl, Wine, and Drugs which are us'd here, are fetch'd from the
South Sea up
the River Jmbato, and from thence with Carts into
the City*

4. Tbomebamba,

famous for a Royal Palace, built there by fome of

the
It
lies Southward from Quito in the
Province of Canares, where two Rivers com.
mix their Waters, near a Plain abounding with Venifon.
There yet remain confiderable Ruines of this Palace, in which one may
difcern the vail: Dimenfions of divers Rooms, in fome of which Arms were kept,
and in others Provisions and
Clothes of which kind of Buildings or Magazines
the hgas had ereded above a
thoufand in Peru, efpecially along the High-way, that
they might have their Ammunition ready in all places if need mould require. On
.

the left fide of Tbomebamba

appear'd the famous

Temple of

the Sun,

whofe Gates were not onely curioufly

Painted, but alfo Inlay'd with Emeraulds. Both the
Palace and Temple, adorn'd
with Gold and coftly Images of great Touch-ftonc and
Jafper, contain d within
their Walls an unvaluable Treafure.
Thefe magnificent Structures are at this
day fall'n quite to decay. The People of this Countrey,
who wear long Hair,
pleited on the top of their Heads like a
Coronet, go Cloth'd in Cotton Coats
and Buskins of Hair-cloth. The Women ^different fair,and
great admirers of the

Plough, Sowe, and gather in the Harveft, whilcft the

Spinning, Weaving, and doing of other Female-Offices.
Anno
Spaniards,

Men ftay at home,

1544. they difcover'd

Mines

which produe'd as much Gold as Earth.

5. Tacunga, where was formerly another ftately Palace,
about fifteen Leagues
horn Cufco, not far from the Mountain which fome years fince
vomited Allies and
Stones into the adjacent Fields. Hereabouts was
formerly a Cloyftcr, inhabited
by the Nuns call'd Namacoti*, the Ruines whereof are yet
to be feen, with feveral
Houfcs of Stone, but cover'd with Thatch. The
Natives
here,

in this Place are

brown Complexion, and of a very

5.

Mulambato. 7

credited

with a

Mocba

8.

ftately Palace.

from whichatroublefom
9.

..

Way

affable

of a

Nature,

moktmba,

three fmall Villages, but each of

Oppofite to ^biobamba

lies

the

them

Province Chumbo,

leads to Guaynacapaovet the River Cbongo.

St. Jago de Puerto Ftejo,

giving Denomination to the Territory about it,which

produces abundance of Totatoe Roots, Mai
Ki Juca, three forts of GuayaVts, Cere^Jas,

and the Tree Tunas, which bears wild

in great plenty.

Figs.

The

Spanijh Fruits

grow

here likewife

The

fore-mention'd Beafts like Hogs, whofe Navels grow on

their Backs, are alfo very common here.
The Woods abound with Deer and

ail

forts

of Fowls, amongft which one refembling a Goofe, and

Tt

call'd

Xuta

and ano,
ther

^H

'^M

M E %^t C

Chap. IV

A.

nam'd Vkca\ fomewhat leffer than a Cock, and which feeding about the Houf
may be reckon d amongft the Poultrey of this Countrey. The Sea along the Coafl
Seafons caufe Agues. The
affords them abundance oftBonito's, which eaten in fome
People along the Sea-Coaft are generally troubled with Pimples and Sores in their
long, by reafon
Faces, eipecially on their Foreheads and Ndfes, few of them living
of the unhealthfulnefs of the Place through exceflive Moifture', for the Rain conti-

thcr

nues eight Moneths together.

10. Manta, lying

upon

the Southern Ocean, the chief of the Villages, formerly

betwixt the Promontory fajfao and the River Dable. Thefe

People are faid to this day to carve and cut their Faces from their Ears to their
about their Kecks and Arms they wear Chains of Gold and little red CoChins

poffefs'd

by the

Qaranes,

rals, call'd Chaquina,

for a great

famous
ii.

highly efteem'd by the Peruvians.

Emerauld, which was

This

Town

was formerly

worfhipp'd there.

religioufly

deep

Guayaquil, otherwife call'd Culata, built at a

Inlet

of the Sea, near the

River Jnebato, which with great fwiftnefs falls down from the Mountains Quito, is
furrounded with a fertile Soyl and in the hollow Trees is found plenty of Honey.
The Water of the fore-mention d River, beingof great vertue in curing the Morbus

Galiicus,

hath great refort of People from

parilla that

grows along the Banks.

to lay crofs this River,

The

is

The

all

places

who

like wife gather the Sarfa-

Bridge which the Inga GuaynacaVa began

alfo very remarkable, but he dying,

it

was

left unfinifh'd.

were heretofore under the Jurifdi&ion of this City Guayaquil.

focaird from a ftrong Fort built there by a Sfanijb Captain, and

Guancabilcas

12.

Caftro,

ate in the Valley Vili, not far

13.

The

City Loxa, built

from Guayaquil
in the Countrey of the

fait as, a People that

fitu-

went na-

ked between two Arms of the River Catamayo under a wholfom Climate, near the
High-way that leads to Cufco in the Valley Curibamba, where no poyfonous Beaft

The Soil bears abundance of Oaks,Hazles, Afli, Willow, and

Cedar-Trees Mai^ Barley, and Wheat. Not far from the City fprings a hot and
fulphurous Fountain, which cures all forts of Sores and Wounds. The Countrey
was

ever found.
;

hereabouts

is

likewife ftor'd with Fowls, Venifon, Cartel, and Fiftn

Moreover,

no fmall luftre from two Dominican, and one Francifcan Cloyfter.

Eailward from which lie defolate Mountains, whofe tops are continually covered
with Snow. Not far from hence were formerly two noble Palaces, fiedras and
the City receives

Tamboblanco, befides feveral Villages.

The
wherein are alfo large Structures for the Monks and Priefts
Countrey about the fame hath rich Mines of Gold, Silver, Quickfilver, Copper,
Cuenca,

14.

Iron, and Sulphur.

Zamora, Eaftward from the cold Mountains Andes, built in a Marfhy Soyl,
where the Inhabitants are never vifited with Peftilential Diftempers, and uCc no
other Phyfick for fuch SicknelTes as they are troubled with, than Tobacco, and the
15.

grows hereabouts, which occafions

fudden death, if eaten raw, but being boyl'd, is a wholfom Food. The Mines afford great pieces of Gold, of which oneweiging eighteen Pound, was prefented
to fbilip the Second, King of Spain. The briny Springs produce good Salt. Three

Herb

Aquacolla.

But there

is

a certain

Nut

that

Rivers falling from the Mountains, are noted for their Golden Sands, and alfo

The Bees being here void of Stings, furnifli the Inhabitants

with plenty of Honey. The Tygers and little Lyons devour many of the Sheep
The
facos, Goats, Hogs, and other Cartel, and fometimes the Natives themfelves.

afford delicious Fifli.

City

it

felf

is

neatly built with

Church and Dominican

Woodden and Stone Houfes, and adorn'd with

Cloyfter,befides a (lately Palace, theRefidence for the

King

a
s

Receiver.

fr

AMERICA.

Chap. IV.

Receiver.

TheJ^ativcs about

before

Spaniards

6.

th.

The

City

this Place are a ftupid

coming thither, would

Taen, fituate in the

fwift River, crofs

and barbarous People, which

for a fmall trifle kill one another.

Countrey Cbuiquimayo

which the Peruvian

it is
;

Co call'd

from a

Women

and Children fwim, to the great

Bodies black with the Juice of the

amazement of the Spaniards. They paint their

Root Yaguat, and feed for the moft part on the ftamp'd Plant laca. On the other
fide of the Mountain, which rifes on the Banks of Qhuquimayo, lies the Countrey PeGolden Countrey

Cberinos.

Peru hath alfo feveral delightful Valleys, amongft which on the North the

chiefefl:

fruitful

rico,

and well inhabited, againil which

juts the

are the Tumbeaj Solana, Poechos, and Piura, all of

them very

fertile, full

of ftately

Buildings, and water'd by feveral Rivers.

17.

San Miguel, the

fir ft

City that was built by the Spaniards in Peru, fituate in a

fandy and dry Soyl, being extraordinary dufty in Summer, and very flabby in theWinter, becaufe the hard Ground cannot foak up the Rain. The Ingas made a

Way

through

this

Trees on each

fide.

Valley

fifteen

Foot broad, between two Walls, and Planted

Weftward from Miguel appears Payta, near a convenient Haven in the Southfince which it had been reSea, which Anno 1547. was burnt by Thomas Caniijh
built twenty eight years, when Joris Spilbergen, after a hard Engagement with the jES^i
m *****'
Spanifi Admiral P^odrigo Mendo%a, arriving in the large Haven before Payta, fent eight
Sail with three hundred Armed Men up to the City, where finding the Enemy
Encamp'd along the Shore, he returned without any efFefc but two of his Frigats,
the Bolus and the Morning-Star, running clofe to Payta, nYd whole Broad.fides at the
fame, whilefl Captain Ve Wit took a Peruvian Fifher-man, who had been two
Moneths out at Sea, and taken abundance of Fim. The Guns which the Ships
fir'd upon the Town ftruck fuch a terror into the Citizens, that they fled with Bag
1 8.

and Baggage into the Mountains, and

fetting fire
fter,

and

on the fame,

feveral

in

left

few hours burnt

Alms-houfes

the City for a Prize to Spilbergen,

down two

who

Churches, a Dominican Cloy-

But had not the Citizens been cowardly., they might

cafily

M E%I C

have kept off the Hollanders

eaflty

A.

Chap. IV.

Vice*Koy Ludovico Velafco informed

the Place with Ammunition and Men whofe
Coufor the

<.

Spiiberge?i's

Arrival, had ftor'd

rage failing, prov'd fuccefsful for the Hollanders,

who

whileft they

Rid here

at an
Anchor, took a very ftrange Bird on the Lfland Lobos, lying before fayta being two
Yards high and three thick, in its Bill, Wings, and Claws refembling an Eagle and
having a.large Creft on its Head. Not long after Donna fault beino- Governefs
of

Lady famous

Beauty and obliging Nature, lent Cabbages

Oranges, Cittrons, and other Provifions to the Hollanders, and requefted the Releafement of fome of the Spaniards taken in the Engagement againil Mendo^a, but
fayta, a

in Teru for her

could not obtain her Requeft from the uncourtly Dutchmen.

Sect.

III.

Los Quixos..
He

Dcfcription

Province of Los Quixos

lieth

of Los Quixos

South, and to the South*Eafl of Quito, being

border'd more dire&ly Eaftward with a part of the Province of Guiana,

caird by fome El Dorada, or The Golden Countrey
on the South it hath Lima
5

and
%he Canelx.

ruit.

Cufco.

This Province is fubdivided into feveral letter Territories, Vt%. Canela, Tacomores",
and St. Juan de Salinas. Canela is fo call'd, becaufe it hath many great Woods,
which produce the Fruit Canela in great abundance, the Owners whereof were moffc
inhumanely dealt with by the Spaniards for Gonfaho ft^arro fuppofingto get ftore
of Gold there, found nothing but Trees, bearing a Fruit like Olives, by the Nay

with which they us'd to drive a great Trade, being otherwife

poor and flmple People, living in Huts, which Tizarro pulling down, caus'd the
tives call'd Canela,

Inhabitants to be torn in pieces by his Dogs, becaufe they could not furnifh

with Gold, nor direct him where

The Grantdilla-Appk.

was

it

to be had.

Befides the Qanela-Titt, this Countrey alfo produceth in great plenty the
which beareth the Apples Granadilla, exceeding good againft burning Feavers

Leaves are

him

Tree
-

the

Bloflbm refembling the Sun, and the long Leaves fpeckled

with Red and White, open three hours after Sun-riling, and clofe again before the
Evening,

Nature took care to preferve the beauty of the Flower.

In this part of the Province the chief are, i. Bae^a, otherwife caird Quixos,
the Year i 550. by %tmires de Jvila, eighteen Leagues from Cufco.

Towns and
Places of
chief note.

like Ivy, the

in

juft as if

Archidona,

2.

del Oro,

all

twenty Leagues to the South-Eaft of

of them

SpaniJJ?

built

^.Avda. 4. SeYdla

'Bae^a.

Colonies.

The

Territories <Pacomores and Yguanfongo, otherwife call'd The Qountrey of Juan de

Salinas, are (aid both to extend above a hundred Leagues iu a:
and little lefs in

breadth.

The

Wheat and

Fields afford ftore of Pafture for Cattel, the Plough'd

all forts

of wholfom Herbs
;

Lands produce

and in fome places are alfo rich Gold-

Mines.

The Governor Layola

Jago de

los

The

Montanas

built four

Towns here,

Vi%.

r.

faltadolid

2, Loyola

3.

&*

and ^.Caruma.

Jefuit Acofta relates,

That not

from Caruma he found great Stones, fome

of which were full of Golden Veins, but were hard to be cut from the Rock. Mod:
of the Gold is found in the Sand of feveral Rivers, the chiefeft whereof flow through
_

Quito,

New

Granada, ValdtYia in

Qhili,

far

and CaraVaya mferu.

On

the Point of Quito, theRiver San ago falls into the Southern Ocean
the
J
;
Ground in the Mouth of the River beina very uneven^ for oftentimes the Ships are
faft

:;ii:

faft

aground

A.

44.7

Stem, and on Head they have above eighty Fathom Water

at the

South* Weft from

St,

known by

its

yet

no ways dangerous.

neverthelefs the Shoals are

Francifce,

M E%^IC

*A

Chap. IV.

Jago lies the fpacious Inlet Mattheo, and the Promontory

Banks and high Grounds, which (hew red and white at a

great diftance.

Not

from hence, exactly under the Equinox, appears

far

between which and

Behind

Mountain Quaque and mote Wefterly

fecure Harbor for all manner of Vefiels.

Next you come

and low

Mattheo, the great Rivers Los Quiximes fall into the Sea.

Paffao rifes the high

ques affords a

CapePajfao^ flat

Town

to the

the

Bay

Cara-

Puerto Viejo before mention'd, lying behind the

Ifland Laurcnjo,

famous
which the Natives SacrihYd Sheep, and fometimes Chil-

Five Leagues off at Sea, before Laureno^,

Temple,

for a (Peruvian

in

lies

the Ifland Plata, formerly

dren, and painted the Figures of divers Perlbns with the Blood

Wooll, Cotton

alfo Offered Jewels, Gold, Silver,

Shirts,

which they

to

and Cloaks.

Francifco

Mafs of Treafure ; but at prefent it ly*

ing defolate, affords nothing but Brambles and wild Trees.
The next which come in view are the Havens Calk and Zalango, where there are
fafe Harbors, good Wood and Water.
The Cape of St. Helena makes alfo a fecure Road on the North, and on its Shore
hath a Spring, on the top of whofe Waters fwims a certain Gum, by the Natives
cali'd Copey, exceeding good to make Ships tight.
The River Tumbe^ falls into a large Bay, which on its North-Eaft Point near the

Pi^arro arriving here, got an invaluable

Main Land, hath

the Ifland Puna, ten Leagues in circumference

The

Soyl where-

of produces abundance of Mctiz^, Juca, and other good Roots, befides great Woods
full of fruitful Trees, and SarjQparilla. The Inhabitants of a brown Complexion,
and middle Stature, wear Cotton Cloaks, and Chains of Chaquira and Precious

They

Wars with the Peo

pie inhabiting upon the River Tumbe^ii their great want is frefh Water in the
Summer. Thomas fandijh Landing here Jnno 1587. found a Ship hal'd aflhore, and
three Villages, in one of which flood a Palace belonging to a Caftque, furrounded
Stones

drive a great Trade, and -formerly maintained

with Stone Galleries

to

make Cables of

Church with

Woman

nifl?

and near

The

Village confided of

a Steeple, in

being

fled

of Tar^pots and

Hemp

two hundred Houfes, and

a fair

a large Store*houfe full

it

The Cajique Married to a Spa*

CandiJJ? took miny Oxen, fat Sheep, Pi-

which hungfeveral

with the Villagers,

Bells.

was not conveyed aboard,with him, and

but whileft he was bufle in making havock, a
afterwards burnt the whole Town
thoufand Spaniards, and a confiderable number of Peruvians fell upon the EngliJJ? on

geons and Ducks, the Bells, and what

elfe

!:

fuch a fudden, that they kill'd fome, and took others Prifoners*

Somewhat

farther off at Sea appears the

Ifle Clara,

where thofe of Puna formerly

buried their Dead.

The

Inlet into

ends Weftward
bos,

which

at the

where there are

falls the

River Turnkey, whofe Shores are well inhabited,

Promontory

Southward from which lies the Ifle Lo*

of the fame Gum, otJBitumen, a little above

Blanco

feveral Springs full

mention'd.

Beyond

the Point Agua

they are defolate,

of

frefti

The

Water

the

two

Ifles

hobos Marinos, oppofite to a

and barren of Grafs, Trees, and

but

lie

many

all

low Coaft

kind of Herbs, and deftitute

Pelicans, Penguins, and other ilrange Birds.

difcovering of theieCoafts belonging to the Jurisdiction of Quito, defcrves a

fhort Relation

4:

Whileft

AMERICA..

44.8
w,wr

Whileft

overcom
Kjiminav
2, the!
takes Qjtito,

new

Chap; IV

kept the Ingi Mabaliha Prifoner, he lent Captain BeValcazar to

(Pispfrd

Fort &. Miguel, where eighty Horfeand a hundred Foot being arrived from

Manama and Nicaragua, and he being informed that there lay a great Treafure in
w/>o, and that the Canares, the Spaniards Friends, were exceedingly opprefs'd by <$$*
minavM, Attabaltbas General, immediately march'd thither with the new arrived
Forces before mention'd,to fetch the Booty, and to

affift

the Canares

but feveral

%uminagm guarded the Way with twelve

hundred Indians, digg'dPits in the fame, and filling them with fharp Poles, covered
them (lightly over with Canes and Earth all which <BeValca%ar fliunning, went
about, fell in upon the Rere of the Enemy, and after a fmall Refiftance conquer'd
the City Quito, Mean while Ferdinand Cortefio fent Tetro Aharado from New Spain,
who taking Guatemala, received a Commiflion from the Spanijb Court, tofubdue the
Northern parts of fern. Soon after which Garcias Holgua being fent with two
Ships to enquire concerning the State of fuu, brought News back, That Francifco
which fo flirr'd w^J.ha*
(pi^arro had gotten an unvaluable Treafure at Caxamalca
rado, that he Landed five hundred Men at Puerto Viejo, march'd in great want of
things oppos'd

him

in his

Deilgn

for

Provifions over the Mountains Acabucos, and had he not accidentally found a

Pond

of fweet Water in a Thicket of Canes, both Men and Horfes had all perifh'd ; at
lafl upon his approaching Quito, the Governor thereof, being Bev alcazar, not enduring tofufFer an Equal, drew up
Hecomes

to

an Agreement with
Atvarado.

all his

Men

in Battel array

but fome Perfons in*

terceding between them, they were foon reconcil'd, and Aharado being bought

out with a great fum of

Money ,deferted

Quito

where

after

Gonfaho Pi^arro, had

re*

main'd a considerable time he march'd Eaftward of the Province, which produces

abundance of Cinamon j whither he was accompanied by two hundred Spaniards

and four thoufand

Peruvians

again!!

whom the

Natives dwelling on the Borders

Night approaching,when they all ran away 5

after which reftinga while, there arofe a mighty Temper! of Thunder and Lightning, accompanied with a dreadful Earthquake, which fwallow'd above five hunof Los

Qu'txos

fought very valiantly,

Woods and

dred Houfes, whole

WsArmyTistraights,

Fields, whileft an

unknown River

burf! out of the

infomuch that fi^arro expected nothing

but a fpeedyRuine, in regard no Provifions were to be found in all the Countrey
at lad getting on the top of the nearer! Mountain he loft many of his Men, who
were frozen to death with exceflive Cold. From thence marching to the County
Earth, and overflowed

Fizarvo and

till

all

the Countrey,

Zumaque ,hc got plenty of Provifion and Cinamon, which grows on great Trees in
the Woods the Leaves thereof refemble the Laurel the Fruit grows in little Ber

the

and Bark ha*ve a ftrong odoriferous fmell. Thence travelling to the

hundred

mighty Cataract of Water/ailing from a Rock above fifteen

high infomuch that the noife in calm Weather was heard fix Leagues
leaving his lick People in Zumaque, went onely with a few Eaftward

Root
TownCoca,he found
ries

Ells

<Pi%arro

off,

from

Coca to the Plain

Countrey Guema,

full

of Moorifh Grounds, the Inhabitants

whereof went naked

at laft he came to the great River Maranon, which falls from
the Mountains near Quito, and extends with feveral windings above eight hundred
Leagues in length, and at the Mouth thereof is fifteen Leagues broad,which at that
:

time overflowing

making

all

the Countrey, he judg'd

it

convenient to build a Brigantine,

the Shoes of the dead Horfes fervc for Iron*work.his

Gum, which was

Mens

Shirts for Sails,

had there, for Tar, and having Lanch'd their VelTel,

and put all their Baggage and fick People into the fame, they Sail'd clofe along the
Shore, on which Ti^arro made his Way through Brambles and Canes, or went over

and

to be

which
manner they were gone two huifdred Leagues down the River, with no other Food

in the Brigantine whenloe're he efpy'd a better Path

on

the other fide;

in

but

AMERICA

Chap. IV.

and Roots- when Captain Francifcus Orellana, was ordered to Sail

away before with five Men, and feck out for Proviiions, and at every Stream
croiVJ in
which fell crofsways out of the Countrey into the great River, he was to leave a ^l\
dK
River,
fwi
ft
down
far
the
fo
with
Mann'dBoat: but Orellana in few days drove
f

but wild

Fruit:

h.'i

f^

faw no likelihood of getting up again in a whole year, neither could he

any Provifions, but fought daily with the Indians, who came ftoutly to Board

that he
find

him in

little

the Amazon

Boats

whom he

amongft

was inform'd

that thereabouts liv'd

alio,

continually ^gainft their Neighbors

Women, that Warr'd

and

at laft

he came into the Northern Ocean. But Orellana Sailing to Spain, obtain'd a Commiflion to be Governor of the Jmazons Countrey, whither he fteer'd his Courfe
with five hundred Men in three Ships but Landing at the Canaries they all ran a*
;

way from him, which fo incens'd Orellana, that he foon after dy'd with Grief.
Mean while (pizjtrro inform'd by a Spaniard whom Orellana had put afliore, that the
Bricrantine was by the ftrong Current carried into the Ocean, knew not what to
do, his People fince their departure from Quito having travelled above four hundred Leagues, had eaten moft of their Horfes : Marty dy'd by feeding on unwhol*

fom Herbs

others

fell

their Clothes, rotted

worn

down

dead for Hunger, or

with toilfom Travel

tir'd'out

by the Rain, hung upon them

like

out, their Feet full of Blifters, their Bodies fadly

Rags, their Shoes were

mangled with Brambles and

Thorns, for no place afforded them a Boat, Pizarro leaving the River Maranon,
went another Way, no lefs troublefom for fteep Rocks and inacceflible Mountains.
The Valleys through which they went,began now to be ftrew'd with dead and fick
Bodies,

who were

not able to follow the

Army, which march'd very

The miferable

Condi-

tion of Pizarre's

Men

every

faft,

Thofe
that fainted call'd continually on their Friends for help, but the Horfes were
grown too weak to carry them Every one faw nothing but Death before his
Eyes wherefore, though call'd by their deareft and moft intimate Friends that lay
a dying, they never look'd back, their companion towards others being turn'd into
one judging to be fo much nearer

his prefervation the farther he

could get

fear arid care

of themfelves.

The

zarro for aid, but finding their

Forfaken implor'd their Saints, and befought fi-

Complaints to be

fpair, they wifh'd all the reft the

fhould be in the like Condition,

fame

fuccefs,

in vain,

and the

like

and raging through de*

Friends, whenever they

fizarro extreamly griev'd

and troubled, that he

had brought the People into this Mifery, fent a few Horfemen before to Quito, to
carry the fad News of his deplorable Condition, that they might immediately fend
Provifions to him which he receiving when he was within fifty Leagues from the

City Quito, diftributed amongft thofe that were

laid

moft

ftarv'd, eat fo greedily, that feveral

left alive,

of them were chok'd

kept a confiderable time in Garrifon under the

Command

who being

alfo al-

the remainder

of fizarro in

were
Quito.

grew very populous in the Year 1544. there

being feveral Goldmines found about the fame in that time. But this lafted not
long, for Quito fidincr with the Vice=Roy 'Blafco Nunnez Vela againft Gonfalvo <Pizarro, moft of the Citizens weredeftroy'd by him, and their Houles burnt to Allies,

Which

City, built in a pleafant place,

Quito
by

fiding

Deftrudion, and upon the fame occafion, befel the three Villages in the &
Province firacomoros, difcover'd by Juan Parzel and Captain Vergara, together with

The

like

the Countrey Qbicbiapoios, where Jlpbonfo Aharado built the

Town

very

<?*-

lur-

Levanto,

rounded with deep Caverns, through which, to the great ftrengthning of the City,
flow feveral Rivers.

Round about (Puerto Vtejo the Natives dwelt

much ado to bring under their fubje&ion for
*

in Trees,

their

whom

the Spaniards

had

Countrey being barren and

mountainous, was not onely wanting

in Proviiions to feed

an Army, but the

(Peru-

vians

<d

M E<Kl C

Chap. IV.

A.

threw great Stones out of their Huts built in Trees, and likewife Javelins
and Pots full of boyling Water, with which they did much mifchief to their Enemies that Storm'd them, who at laft covering themfelves with Boards, cut down the

Yians alfo

Trees, with which they falling, were torn in pieces by the Spanijh Dogs.

Sect.

IV.

Lima,
Situation and
Defcription

of the Province

of

feveral

In this Province are feveral very pleafant Valleys, the

Valleys of
" ince

fome part of Cufco ]

The Countrey ex-

on the North, Los Quixos and on the South, Charcot.

tendeth it felf in length upon the Coafts of the South Sea two hundred and
fifty, fome fay, full three hundred Leagues in length, vi^. horn. Cape del ^gwNorthward, on the Borders of Quito as far as Arequipa towards the South, and runs Eaft*
ward to 'Braftle and ^io dela Palma.
;

Lima.

The

Ima, call'd alfo Los ^eyos, hath on the Eaft, Qollao y and

firft

whereof

is

Motupe, to

which a fandy Way leads from St. Miguel de Faherde, between barren Wilds, from
whence feveral Streams falling are immediately drunk up by the Sand ; wherefore
all Travellers that go that way carry Water and Wine with them in Calahafbes for
twenty Leagues together, which they Walk or Ride by Night, becaufe of the ex*
celUve heat of the Sun.

grow abundance of Trees, which receive nourifhment from

up near the fame. Here is alfo much Cotton.

In the Valley Motupe

a River that fprings

Not

from hence are the Valleys Xayanca, formerly very populous and full of
The River which flows through the middle is led in Trenches amongft

far

Palaces

the neighboring Fields.

:.

The

Valley Tuqueme

teftifie its

The

is

alfo very pleafant,

and the decay *d Palaces,

fufficiently

former fplendor.

no way inferior to Tuqueme 5 and between both lie fandy

Hills and barren Rocks, on which grow neither Trees nor Herbs, nor is any living
Creature to be found upon them
the Way through which being a whole days
next being Cinto,

is

Journey, cannot be

The

Valley

travell'd

Collique,

without fure Guides.

water'd by a River of the fame Denomination, and very

with Trees, was formerly very populous, but fince the Spanijh Wars it is
become quite defolate ; for not onely a confiderable number of them were (lain by
thick

-fee

the Spaniards, but alfo

many

deftroy'd themfelves, Wives

Peter Martyr, Councellor to the

Emperor

Charles the Fifth, fets

Examples, of which two were remarkable above the

manner

The

and Children ; of which

reft
;

down feveral

the

firft

was

terrible

after this

Spanijh

when

Captain Olandus Lying with the Daughter of an Indian

Cajique,

que*

grew big with Child, Whether fhe Was with Child by him ? and
that he might know the real truth by Torture, he caus'd her to be ty'd naked to a
woodden Spit, and laid to roaft againft a Fire made of green Wood, fo that fhe
died in a moft miferable manner
upon which her Father ran in a rage with
ftion'd

(he

Companions to Olandus's Houfe, where he kill'd his whole Family,

and locking all the Doors about the Houfe, fet fire on the fame, into which

thirty of his

when

it

was

at its greateft

heighth, he and his Affociates leaped into the middle

thereof.

"

PalagS?

The

fecond Accident

Child by a

is

alfo very terrible,

Spanijh Afs-driver,

Yt%j.

An

acquainted her Father

Maid being Got with

and Mother with it, withal

Indian

telling

Chap. IV.
them

telling

M E%

(lie

which

flie

is

wholfom Food,but

l C A.

was ready jto fuffer Death

pardoning, and perfwading her

that

ing they freely

which when boyl'd

Death

iA

w
for her Offence

and notwichftand-

raw

to the contrary, fhe eat

if eaten

Juca 3

raw, certain though languifhing

perceiving, ran to the next River, where after having wafh'd her

broke off from a large Tree a Bough of

felf, (lie

end thereof very fharp,

upon

fell

and

the fame,

five

Foot long, and making the

fo kill'dher felf.

Several other

Ra-

vifVd Maids taking example hereby, hang'd themfelves upon the Boughs of the

fame Tree.
But to proceed in our Defcription, next to Collique lies the Valley /?ana> of the
like bicmefs, and famous for the City Miraflores*
The next is Pafcayamo, which exceeds all the former in fruitfulnefs, and populoufnefs of Inhabitants., who before they were deflroy'd by the Ingas were much
This Valley alfo was adorn'd with feveral fair Tern*
fear'd by their Neighbors,
Cattel, Hogs, and Goats breed here
pies, which are now turn'd into Cioyfters.

The

great numbers.

in very

chief Trade of this Place confifls in Cotton and

Linnen.

Monks

Valley Cbacama, in which the Dominican

The

inhabit a brave Cloyfler,,

produces abundance of Sugar.

Four Leagues farther lies the fpacious Valley Chimo, fo call'd from an old (Peruvian Heroe, which affords a pleafant Profpect, by reafon of the many Banquettinghoufes built there by the
this for plenty

with
the

Ingots,

Noplace

is

is

able to {land in competition

of Provifions, the Ocean and Rivers producing (lore of

Countrey affording Cattel and

here

in Per u

all

manner of

Fifli,

The Cotton which grows

Fruit.

Shipp'd to the South Sea.

Chanca

therein, of

Town

a Valley chiefly confiderable for the

is

which more

Arnedo,

which

is

fituate

hereafter.

But the Valley Guanape, not far from Chanca, yields the bed Peruvian Liquor
Chica y and hath a convenient Harbor for Ships.

The

Plain Santa being overflowed in the Winter,

who were

Inhabitants,

all

is all

overgrown

for

The Woods

deflroy'd by the Spaniards.

want of

hereabouts

a fort of venomous Bug,

which exceedingly torments the Traveller,

Next follow in order the Valleys Guambako,\txy fruitful, and Guarney, abound*
ing with Horfes, Hogs, and other Cattel. Joris Spilbergen Landing here Anno 1615.

fwarm with

found the Haven fecure againfl all Winds, and between the Shore and the Village
Guarmey a Creek, and fomewhat farther a frefli* Water Pool on one fide of which
;

flood a decayed Caflle built of fquare Stone, whereon the Hollanders

fet

the States

Flag, and Garrifon'd the fame to fecure thofe that fetch'd Water out of the fore*

mentibn'd Pool.

behind which

which
but a

In the aforefaid Village flood a

rofe high

Mountains, and

the Inhabitants fled with all their

Church with a

fpiry Steeple

Foot thereof a great Wood, into

at the

Goods,

found nothing

fo that Spilbergen

Meal, a few Hens, Hogs, and Oranges in their Houfes, which whilefl

little

he was fending Aboard, a finall Body of Horfe appear'd,but immediately fled into

The

the Woc^-ls.
Jefu Maria,

Hollanders flaying here feven days,

Commanded by the Admiral

Vice*Admiral Peter Ahares

Not

far

from thence

pleafant, yet

monies of

its

it is

were both

Tiger,

lies

P^odrigo
loft,

Mendo^d, and the Santa Anna, by the

not one

the Valley Parmonga,

quite defolate

were informed, that the Galley

Man being

which though

the Walls of a large Caflle

being formerly inhabited

and within the

faid

be fruitful and

it

flill

fav'd.

appear, as

Walls alio are

tefti-

ftill

to

be feen the Ruines of fpacious Halls and fair Chambers, whofe Walls are painted

with wild Beafls and Birds: The

Spaniards

have digg'd

all

about, and undermin'd

she

Spilbergeri's

Attempt.

AMERICA.

Chap. IV

Bodies, a Treafure buthe fame, in hopes to find, together with the feveral dead
Leagues Southward from this Valley <Pafmqnga flows the River,
ried.

Gmy

Two

was feen there.

man, by the Spa?iiards calPd %to del Falcon, from a Hawk which
When any ftore of Rain falls here, a great part of the Dale banana lies under
Water.

Not far from hence

ft

lie

the Valleys Gaura and Lima

which

laft

exceeds all others

and was formerly exceeding populous but fincc the Marcjuefs fi^arro
from the Peruvians.
built the City Los <%eyos here, the Citizens have taken the Lands
The Mines hereabouts produce Gold and Silver. Amongft other things the Inhaafliort time cures
bitants highly efteem an Herb bearing yellow Flowers, which in
the fame to the Bone.
a putrifi'd Wound, whereas if laid on found Fiefh it eats
-

in bignefs,

strangeman-

fHunt "
ing.

Natives heretofore us'd tofpend their time in Hunting, and caught their Game
meet together,
after this manner, vi%? three or four thoufand of them would
and by taking Hands make a Ring of three or four Miles in circumference,
and
and at a certain Note or Tune Sung, or loudly Exclaim' d, they drew nearer
whatfoever ic
nearer, till at laft they were within Shot of the inclofed Game,

The

were.

The Countrey of Collao hath

low Point, from which

Sea, towards the fmall Ifland call'd

Coafl: runsfloaping in, the
<Pifcadores
I

!,

the

one

fide

I/la

de Collao

On

a long Cliff runs into the

each fide of the Point the

extending North-Well: from

other South-Eaft to the fecond

Promontory

Collao,

to the Cliffs

behind which

is

where the Valley facbacama appears, famous for its exceeding^fruitfulPi^arro found above
nefs and a ftately Temple built by the Inns, where Ferdinando
took,
n ne hundred thoufand Ducats, befides what the Soldiers and Commanders
tortur'd, would
an a what the Priefts had hid, which none, though miferably

large Bay,

11

lurcfuund by

%Z7.

confefs.

Oppofite to <Pachacama

lies

or Spring moiftens the dry

U:

Trees.

The

Natives us'd to

the Valley

Cb'tlca,

where

it

never Rains, nor any Brook

which neverthelefs produces Mai^ and Fruitdig large and deep Pits, in which they Sow'd and

Soil,

Planted

*A

Chap. IV.'
Planted and
;

at every

Root

Nets on the Sea=fhore

ME.%,1

laid the

Head of a

A.

4n

Fifh call'd a Sardin,which they caught

wherein neverthelefs nothing would have crrown, buc

for the Morning Dews which fell. The Ingas alfo had curious Banquetting=houfes
here. In thefe Parts there grows a fort of Tree call'd Mala,of which Acofta relates i
in

ftrange

Wonder of Nature,

very remarkable, vi^. That

it

flourifhes

and bears Fruit

on that fide which beholds the South, in that Seafon when it is Summer on the
Mountains ; the other which views the Sea, BloiToming and bearing Fruit when it
is Summer on the Plains.

The

Valley Guano, fpacibus and

of Trees, produces efpecially the pleafant

Fruit GuayaVes and Guanas, as alfo the beft Wheat in <Peru>\ wherefore it is vended all
over the Countrey. Here are alfo the Ruines of another ftately Caftle, built $A
full

the Ingas, the former luftre whereof

by

remaining Walls, which

confift of exceeding great Stones, fo neatly joyn'd together without Mortar, thajc
it appears like one entire Stone 5 and by the decay 'd Structures of feveral Halls,
much of the curious Painting whereof is yet to be feen from the Caftle a large
is

teftifi'd

;;

its

pair of Stairs led

down

Two

Leagues farther the River Lunagun

runs through the fertile Valley of the fame Denomination. The fatnefs of this
Soil is chiefly afcrib'd to the Dung of a Fowl call'd Guana, which the Natives fetch
in great abundance

to the Sea-fliore.

from

the Ifles near the

Main;

Next follows the Valley Chinca,one of the biggeftin

niards

Arrival very populous. In the time of the Ingas

Temple Dedicated to the Sun,

main'd conftant

in the

built

by Tepajajupangue

worfhipping of their old Idol

fent their conquer'd Princes,

who on

bll&ern, and before the Spait

alfo fliew'd a magnificent

yet the Inhabitants

Cinciapema.

Hither the Ingas

a certain time were to appear in

Dominicans at prefent poiTefs here a neat Cloyfter,

from whence

ftill re-

The
Road

Cttfco.

leads a plain

to the Dale lea, water'd

by the River fifco, which is dry in Summer wherefore the

;
Natives brought a Ditch from the Mountains, which fince the Spaniards deftroying
the Inhabitants, ischoak'd up with Sand.
Next the Valley Nafca comes in view, famous for the Caftle Caxamalca, where
the Ingas kept all

of which the

manner of Ammunition

Spatiiards

for

War

took great Riches. This Valley

befides feveral
is

Tombs, out

divided into feveral others,

which for the moft part produce Sugar-Canes ; and through them all runs the
Royal High- way, which is Wall'din on both fides.
Beyond Nafca lie one behind another the Valleys Hacari, Oconna, Camana, and
Quika, all of them affording good Pafture for Cattel, and Fruit, yet are moft of
them defolate.
The County Los Motilonos, thinly inhabited for want of Provisions, and divided
by two Rivers, feparates Moyobamba from the Countrey Cbarafmal.
Southward beyond Qaxamalca appear the Countreys Guamacbuco, and a little far.
ther Conchucos and Vifcobamba, all fruitful and pleafant, and adorrfd with feveral
Structures built by the Ingas,

On the fide

of <Pifcobaniba the County Guara^ extends it felf over barren Mountains, through which the Ingas cut a Royal High-way, and built a ftrong Caftle

Entrance into the Countrey the Inhabitants whereof being very laborious,
;
work very diligently in the Gold*Mines.

at the

The

Territory fincos, water'd by a River, and famous for one of the

of the Peruvian Structures,

and

Qoncbucos.

The

ftatelieft

furrounded by the Countreys Guayakas,Turama J <Bomba,

Mountains, though dangerous to Travellers by Lyons, great
is

Bears, and other ravenous Beafts, afford abundance of Silver

produces Wheat, Mai^, Grapes, Figs,

and the fruitful Soil

and
Oranges, Quinces, Cittrons, Cedars

likewife feeds Goats, Horfes, and other Cattel.

>^t

The

fsjf

454-

The Countrey

Viticos,

M E %I

Chap, IV.

A.

being within the Jurifdidion of Guanuw,

Mountains Jndes, whether

Inga

Mango

fled,

when

the Spaniards

lies

amongft the

made

themfelves

Mafters of fern*

The Towns

Chief Towns
and Places of
note.

Spaniards, are

in the Valley
it

and Places

I.

obfervable and important in

Miraflores, as the Spaniards call

ofZam,

as

hath likewife a good

2.

mod

above mentioned,

five

it,

a well feated

it

belonging to the

and wealthy

Town

Leagues diftant from the Sea,where

Haven or Port.

Truxillo,two or three Leagues diftant

The Town

from the Sea the Haven whereof is

;

laid

upon the
Banks of a pleafant River, whofe Water doth not onely run through feveral Chan*
every Houfe in the City
It
nels to moiften the Fields, but alfo to accommodate
Dominicans,
hath broad Streets, a great Market-place, four Cloyfters, two for the
to be large, but not fafe.

it

felf is feated in the

Valley

Chinco,

and the other for the Francifcans one great Church, five
hundred Houfes, and a Palace, inhabited by the King's Colle&ors, and many Banof the Soil, mov'd
quetting-houfes about it. The good fituation and fruitfulnefs
Jnno 1533. but the Ha ven bethe Marquefs Francifco fi^arro to build this City here

one

for the Juguftmes,

longing to the fame

in great
3.

ward,

lies

open to

all

manner of Winds,

fo that the Ships

Ride here

danger.

beyond Truxillo SouthLafarilla, o ther wife call'd Santa, fourteen Leagues

wafh'd by the Southern Ocean, and one fide by a fre(h water Stream,which

being inclos'd between ftony Cliffs, makes a fecure Harbor.

from Lima, amongft the Vineyards of
4. Jrnedo, feated ten Leagues Northward
in it remarkable, but a fair
the Valley Chancas-, otherwife having no great matter
Dominican Cloyfter.
5.

Lima, by the Spaniards

commonly

call'd

La Cividad

de

los

^eyes, or The City of

fonam'd becaufc fi^arro, who built it, laid the firft Stone on Twelfth-day,
It is feated in the Valley of Lima,
Anno 1553. which they call The Feaft of-the Xjngs
(from whence the City is alfo fo denominated) one of the fruitfulleft Parts of all
feru, and fo neatly built, that all the chief Streets of the City open upon a fair
Market-place, otfia^a, of fuch a large Square, that upon the fides thereof are
Kjngs,

and convenient manner, the Cathedral, the Palace of the Archbifhop, the Vice-Roy's Palace and Courts of Juftice, with the Exchequer or Publick Treafury, the Town4ioufe* or place where the City Magiftrates meet and hold
their Courts, the Publick Armory or Magazine, and a Free-School, wherein are
built, in a (lately

taught by the JefuitsM Arts and Sciences, and alfo the Mian Language, and divers
other fair Buildings of the Nobility and better fort of Citizens. No Countrey under the Heavens affords a

more

fruitful or pleafanter Place than this

the tempe-

Climate neither troubling the Inhabitants with exceffive Heats or great

Colds,nor terrifying them with Thunder or Lightning,but having almoft perpetual
onely the three Winter Moneths, wherein there falls
Sun-fhine and fair Weather

rate

Dew, which cures the Head-ache and there die but very few
Diftempers. The Countrey about the City is pleafant without ex-

a fweet fmelling

of peftilential
ception.

The

a thoufand in

Pigeons which are kept here in curious Houfes built on purpofe, flie
a Flight.
The Fields abound alfo with Cattel. The Orchards and

of Trees and Plants, whereof thofe that are brought

hither from Spain grow better than in their natural Countrey. The Well: fide of the
City is wadi'd by a pure 8c clear Stream,which ftores the Market with great plenty

Gardens

flourifli

of good Fifh,

This River
Lima with

is

its

with

all forts

being diftant but a Mufquet fhot, efpecially when the Water rifes.
of great confequence, for it not onely waters the whole Valley of
it

feveral Branches, but alfo runs under every

Houfe

in the City,

being
built

).

sA

Chap. IV.
on Stone Arches

M ET^t

C J.

^ T5

they are onely one Story high, becaufe there is no Wood to

be had in the Valley of Lima but what in three years becomes all Woorm-eatennebuilt

verthelefsthe Houfes are very beautiful both within and without

the Walls beincr

very thick and ftrong, have curious Arbors of green Boughs on the top, in which
the Owners fliadethemfelvesfrom the Sun* Moft of the Houfes built in the high

which face the Market-place, where all forts of

Provifions are brought to Sale., as Oxen, Sheep, Venifon, Sugar, Oranges, CittronSj
Grapes, and Wheat, which is ground in Water-Mills built near the River. This
City is inhabited by many able Merchants, which often load Ships to Panama, that
are valu'd at above two hundred thoufand Ducats. To the Arch-biflhop's See of
Streets have pleafant Turrets,

i.

Place belongsthe Bifhopricks of Qnli, Chare as, Quito, Cufco,Truxillo, Guanuco,Popaian, San Francifco, Panama, Nicaragua, and io de la Plata. The City is alfo adorn'd
this

with two
ftately

Churches, befides the Cathedral, and alfo other leUer Churches, four
Cloyfters, two Nunneries, and the jefuits Palace, which is very magnificent.
fair

The Haven two Leagues

diftant

from

it,

and

call'd Callao de Lima,

is

large and

fe*

Jnno 1579* Sir Francis Drake took twelve Ships from hence, one Prizestaken
whereof was laden with Linnen and Silk, befides a great Cheft full of Silver &n%%%:
cure for Ships.

Which Inconvenience to prevent for the future, the Spaniards have built two ftrong
Forts, and fortifi'd them with Brafs Guns. Thirty years after Sir Francis Drake's
coming to Anchor here, found the Place all inhabited^ z sP sm ^Fort well ftor'd with Guns, and a ftrong Caftle before the Mouth of the Harbor, Sin^m.
from whence they (hot Bullets of thirty fix Pound weight at the Hollanders, and fo
Exploit,

Joris Spilbergen

ther

fhatter'd their Frigat, call'd The Hunter,

Fourteen Spamjh

Merchantmen

that fhe could fcarce keep above

lying near the Shore, receiv'd

bergen not being able for Shelves to get to

to

Land,

the

fides feveral

little

them, neither did he judge

Water
damage, Spilit

convenient

Vice-Roy having at that time above four thoufand Men in Arms, beTroops of Horie wherefore after having fir'd feveral Guns on the
;

Fort, and againft the Church, he

fet Sail

to Guarmey.

from the Valley wherein it is fituate It was

out of theTreafure which they found in the Caftle afore fpo-

Cmnete, otherwife call'd Guano,

6.

built

by the

Spaniards

ken of in the fame Valley.

7.

had

Name, where excellent Fruit may be

Traded and rich Town, about fixteen Leagues

Vaherde, fituate in a Valley of the fame

for a fmall Price

diftant

from the

it is
;

a well

Sea.

Pachacama, fituate in a Territory of the fame

8.

ward of Lwta,memorable
have found

chiefly for Pi^arro's

Name,

four Leagues South*

good fortune here,who

is

reported to

one onely old Temple of the Natives the quantity of nine hundred
thoufand Ducats of Gold and Silver, befides what his Soldiers are fuppos'd to have
feiz'd on,

in

and convey'd away before he came.

Leagues diftant from Lima to the South=Eaft

It
lieth in the Valley of Cbocolocha, and is a rich Place, by reafbn of the good Mines of
Silver which are about it, and abundance of the beft fort of Tobacco.
9.

CaflroVer'reind, threefcore

10. Migueldela %ibera, in the Valley

a great

Trade

in

The City

Wine,

Figs,

of Qamana. The Inhabitants whereof drive

and Raifins,

which extends up towards the Mountains, is built in the

Dale Quilca, which runs eleven Leagues from the Sea, under a healthful Climate ;
but in the Year 1582. it was wholly ruin'd by an Earthquake the reafon whereof
is afcrib'd to the wet fulphurous Mountains, which burns continually, and fornetimes vomits out Flames and Allies. The Marquefs Tirana built this City forty
11.

Arequipa,

fix years before the

fore-mention'd Earthquake, fince which being re-built again,

Vv

fobn

AMERICA.

Chap. IV

Cloyfter and though

foon attain d to three hundred Houfes, befides a Church and
retort; becaufe the Gold and Silver is.
it be but a fmall Town, yet ic is of a great
brought hither from the Mines Qbancos, force, and fotofi, and from thence fent

South Sea to Los

the River Quilc a, which wafliing the City Walls runs into the
Spam. The Jurifdiclion
%eyos, and from thence to Panama, Hpmbre de Vtos, and NeK
of this City Arequipa extends it felf a vaft way, Vi^. over the fpacious Valleys be*

down

Countrey beyond the County Condejuyo,

the Inhabitants whereof heretofore worfhipp'd the
full of Hamlets and Villages
Sun. By the Way from Arequipa to Collao lie two great Lakes, out of one of which
tween Bacari and Tampaca, and up

in the

the River Aparima takes

12.

its

original.

Qaxamalca, rather a Fort than a

Town,

in a Territory of the

fame Denomi*

Mountain wafli'd with two Rivulets, over which lead

near which alfo were formerly a ftately Temple Confecrated to
feveral Bridges
the Sun, wonderful Palaces and Baths for the Ingas, befides other magnificent
Structures of Noble-men, which were the more famous for Attabalibas Imprisonment and Death. The Soil round about may compare with any part of the World
nation, built at the Foot of a
;

The

for fertility.

Inhabitants are a peaceable ingenious People, and

make

curious

woollen Hangings.
Juan dela Frontera, built by the Spaniards North-Eaftand by Eaft from
Caxamnlca in the County Cbiachinpoyas, full of GokLMines and Cartel ; to which belongs not onely Chiachinpoyas, but alfo the Countreys Guiancas and Cajcainga, crt of
St.

13.

pay Tribute to the SpamjkKing. Thefe

People efpecially the Women, are very comely and beautiful for which reafon
the Iwas fetched their Wives and Concubines from thence. Eaftward from Frontera
by
rife the high Mountains Andes, behind which flows the great River Mayoba&ta
feveral poor Villages inhabited by a fottifli kind of People.
the Shrubs and over14. SanJagodelasValles, built in an ill place amongft

which above twenty thoufand

Peruvians

Countrey grows a Tree which bears a juicy Fruit, not unlike an Almond in prickly Rinds, but refembling thofe which cover a Chefnut,
concerning which Phyficians have delivered their Opinions, That there i*,ota

flowing Rivers. In

wholfomer Fruit

in the

Leon de Guarmco,

15.

Capo,

from

this

who

call'd

it

whole World.
which

received that

Denomination from

was born
which was

Leon, becaufe he

the ftately Palace of the Ingas

of Free-ftone, and covered with Thatch.

its

Builder Vacca de

and Guanuco
here: The Houfes are built

in the Spanijh City Leon,

built

The

Citizens of Los

%05Were much

becaufe feveral Lands belonging to them were

taken away and given to Guanuco, where the temperate Air grants long Life and
Health to the Inhabitants. The High-way, in which (land feveral Store-houfes,
againft the building of this

Town,

of Ammunition, runs through the middle of this Countrey, where

in the time of the Ingas dwelt Aftronomers, who by looking on the Stars pretended
to tell future Events. Here the Women alfo us'd to be burnt alive with their Hus-

formerly

full

bands.

Sect.

V.

Cufco,
Situation and

Description
of Citfco.

\Ufco

is

the far greater part of the Province of Peru, containing generally all

and thofe parts of the Andes likewife which lie

Province or Cantred of Guanuco, being Coafted

the Sierra, or Hill- Countreys,

Southward of the little

Weft ward and to the North- Weft with Lima

Eaft ward, with Los QuixQs f and

fome
part

Chap. IV.
part of Guiana

AMERICA.

45^

and oh the South, with Qbarcas

enjoying for the inoft part a temperate and good Air, neither over-heated with the fcorching Sun in the day, nor
damp'd with any cold Mifls or Dews in the Evening, as fome parts of the Plains

of Peru

are,

but well water'd with

many

which make the Valleys and

lower Grounds of it good Pafturage, able to maintain great Herds of Cattel. The
Woods are efpecially ftor'd with the Coca, whofe Leaf is accounted reftorative, and
with much excellent Venifon.

fome

In this Province alfo there are

frefh Rivers,

Divifions of Countreys neceflary to

bedefcrib'd, Vt%. the cold and barren Countrey Bambon, jutting againft Guanuco
lefler

inhabitedantiently by a valiant People, efpecially near the Lake Cbincacocba, which

is ten Leagues in circumference
in the middle of it are feveral Cliffs and little
;
Ifles

And

out of this Lake alfo the famous River Ve

way

runs through the Valley Xauxa, receiving by the

Abancajj Apurima, Tucay,

and

la

Plata hath

its

original,

the Streams Parcos

The

feveral

other

*erri"

Sg'g

and

Bile as

others...

The

next Countreys in order towards the South are Tarana, abounding with
Wheat, and the eminent Valley Xauxa, furrounded with fnowy Mountains. The
Inhabitants by a general
forts, vi%< the Maracabilca,

Houfes built by the

Upon

Name

were antiently divided into three

haxapalanga, and Xauxa. Here were alfo feveral {lately
call'd Guancas,

Ingas.

Valley borders the Village Acos near a Moorifh place full of Canes
but before you approach the Village you come near a high Plain, where the Ruines
of an antient Structure appear ; and fomewhat farther the Palace Pico
from
this

whence the Highway directs to the Bridge Angoyaca, which leads crofs the River
Xauxa; near which the hgas had feveral magnificent Structures, and Baths of
warm Springs. Not far from hence is the Village Plcoy between which and Jw
goyaca the Arm of the River Xauxa is cut with a Bridge, becaufe in the Winter it
.

glides fo fwift that they cannot Ferry over

From

you go

it.

whofe Center ftands the antient Caftle Pucara,

(which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies Invincible Fort) where the Ingas receiv'd their
Tribute from the neighboring People that live amongft the fnowy Mountains.
The Banks of the great River Vmaaue arecrown'd with the Fuiines of antient
Picoy

Structures,

which

to the Wild, in

Natives relate) were built by foreign People

which Af;
fertion of theirs feems to be confirmed by the form and manner of Building differ(as the

ing from the Ingas Structures, which us'd to be long and narrow. Moreover, feveral fweet Streams, abounding with Fifli, efpecially Crabs, glide through the Plain*

Countrey out of the Mountains Andes,

Not far from hence appears the Plain

and the Palaces

of which
nothing remains but a heap of Rubbifh, which lies in the Center of Peru. A
frefli- water River, which gives the fore*mention'd Palaces their
Denomination,
Cbapas,

Pilcas,

now

glides out otSoras,

The Countrey

and waflies the High-way and

exceeding

ftately

Templeof the

Sun.

and ftock'd with Gold and Silver Mines,

is inhabited by a People which go Cloth'd in woollen Cloth, and
for their Valor
formerly much efteem'd by the Ingas.

Thole

Soras,

that inhabit the

fertile,

Counti ey**Uramar

are call'd Chancas,

whofe Neighbors

polfefsa long Tract of Land abounding with Cattel and Fruit, but of late are moil
of them deftroy'd by the Spaniards.

The

River Abanca, which takes

cocba, waflies feveral

A ^r

its

original in the

Royal Buildings, and

Mountainous County

at laft difcharges its

'inaPari)

Waters into the Rii

Xauxa.

On-each

fide

of the great River Jpurima are erected two wonderful Stone

Pillars,

over

'

<J[

+58

M E%1 C

Chap. IV.

A.

Bridge built by the hgas from whence the High,

the Countrey. where the (lately
way, being cut through hard Rocks, leads up into
beyond the Mountain Bikaconga the
Buildings'of limatambo (hew themfelves ; and
Rocks, comes in view, where the Ingas
Valley Xaquixaguana, inclos'd between high
from whence the HighBanquetting-houfes
us'd to recreate^themfelves in their

over which

lies a

mod

artificial

way, which

is

Wall'd in on both fides,runs dire&iy through deep Moorifh Grounds

to Cufco.

Eaftward from
cover the

Cufco,

behind the Andes, are

Sj^r^fpar'd

many large Countreys, which

neither trouble, danger, nor charge

to dif-

between both they

Mountains, and overgrown Countreys yet

the firft whereof runs through the Valley
lad they opened four ways thither
from thence to the River
Mountains
to Tono, a Village in the middle of the
vaft WilderneiTes, inacceffible

found

at

Paarnl

very troublefom travelling, becaufe of the thick Woods

and fo to vaft Wilderand fteep Rocks laftly to the hot and fruitful Valley Abifca,
which prevented any farther Difconeffes, overgrown with Brambles and Bufhes,
Opotai& along' which

it is

runs thirty Leagues farther to the Southward, through the

Countreys Sandia, Qamata and CaraVaya, to Zama. Through this Way, Anno 1538.
found many defolate Mountains,
Peter An^ure^ traveled ; fetting out from Zama, he

The

very.

Peter Anzttrez his Journey.

fecond

Way

into the County Tacana^nd

barren Wilds,and clofe Woods,through which heentred
by the Cheriaboms and
from thence to the River Omapalchas, inhabited on both fides

but meeting with no*

opposed him in his crofling over the River
River, and view'd the Counthing but barren Commons, he travelled up along the
he return d to Qollao, having
Uoiosy Cochabambaj and Chuguiabo, from whence
Marquires,

who

treys

of his People by Hunger and Hardfhip. But not long after others went
Eaft and Weft, fome
over the Jndes to the Countreys which extend themfelves
whereof traveled through Camata, and others through Cocbabamba.
loft

Towns and
Plates
note.

of

mod

The

principal

Towns and Places

Chinchacocha, laid to be ten

Lake

of Trade in

it

are,

1.

iBombon, fituate

upon

the

Leagues in compafs, begirt round about almoft

lefler,butpleafant Villages.
with Hills, and having neighborhood with many other
feated on the top of a little Hill, en2. Parcos, once a Palace Royal of the Ingas,

compafs'd with other Rocky and higher Mountains on

all fides.

which the Marquefs Pi^arro built Anno 1 539. to fecure the

Way between Lima and Cufco, from the Aflaults of the Peruvians, before he abfothe Walls are wafli'd by a fveeec Stream, to the
lutely conquet'd this Kingdom
San Juan de

3.

Vittoria,

great convenience of the Citizens.

under a healthful Climate, built

4. Guamanga, a City lying in a pleafant Plain
with Stone-houfes covered with Tyles the Owners whereof have great ftore of
;

Land, which they Sowe with Wheat, and alfo breed plenty of Cattel. To this
large AlmsCity, which is adorn d with three Churches, five Cloyfters, and a
Mines produce
houfe, above thirty thoufand Peruvians bring annual Tribute. The
near which grows
Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron, Lead, Sulphur, and Load-ftones
thereof.
In the
the poyfonous Herb Mw, which kills the Cattel that chance to eat
Woods alfo hereabouts feeds a Beaft, whofe Pifs (links at a Miles diftance. -This
.

City

fame with San Juan de la Vittoria above mention'd.

Town of the Natives, and fi*
<Bilcas, another Palace of the Ingas, now a good
as is fuppos'd, in the very midft of the Countrey of Peru,
poor Village,
GuancaVelica, a new Town, rais'd from the condition of a very

is

5.

tuate,
6.

by fome

deliver'd to be the

to a Place of very great Importance and Traffick, onely

ver,

which were

firft

difcover'd there in the Year 1566.

theaffiftanceofa Peruvian nam'd Mavincopa

This

by the Mines of QuickfiU

by Amador

Cabrera,

through

Cabrera felling his Intereft for a

hundred

IV.

lap.

<tl

M E^I C

J.

hundred and fifty thoufand Ducats, Su'd the Buyer, upon pretence that he had fold
whileft this was depending, Peter Ferdinand o de
it above one half under the value
Valafco came from Mexico toGuamanga, to make trial of the cleanfing of Silver by
:

Quickfilver, and finding

ic

to fucceed according to his expectation , he fent great

and from thence by Land to Potofu The King of Spain is

laid to receive from this Mine of Guancavelica,2\\ his Charges defray'd,above a thou*
But theantient Natives regarded not
fand Pound jw Annum hi his ufual fifth part
quantities of

it

to Arica,

Mines fo much for the Quickfilver as for the Vermilion which is found mix'd
with it, wherewith they delighted very much to paint their Bodies There is
great Art now us'd in the feparating of the Quickfilver from the Vermilion.

thefc

This

Town

was long

twice as

many

Natives.

7. Qufco,

which

is

fince inhabited

by two thoufand

Spaniards at lcaft,

Kingdom of

the Metropolis of the

Peru, built

and

on a hard

Ground, furrounded with Mountains, under a cold, yet wholfom Climate, and
wafhM by two Rivers, which on the Eaft fide of Cufco parting, one runs direct
Weft, and the other Southward. One part of the City antiently bore the Denomination of Haran-Cufco, and the fecond, Oren-Cufco, where the chief Nobility and
moft ancient Families dwelt. Concerning the original of this Place, the Peruvians
fay,

That

feveral

Ages paft there appeared three Men,

Ajarmango, and with

gua,

all

them

call'd Ayr ache, Aranca,

The

briginai

c/ 4

and

Women, nam''d Mamacola, Mamacona, and Mamarathat Ay ache had a Precious Stone at the end
Cloth' d

three

of them very richly

of a Truncheon, which by holding up he raised the Mountains to the Skies, and

when he let it fall, levell'd them with the loweft Valleys Aranca and Ajarmango
:

concluded to build a

ftately City,

and

fent for

People from remote Countries to

with which Defign the Natives thereabouts feem'd to be well pleas'd :

but before they went to work they judg'd it convenient to deftroy Ayr ache y whofe
This being refolv'd upon, they invited him to a deep
great PoWer they envy'd

inhabit

it

that there they

narrow-mouth'd Cave,

might worfhip the Sun

his Father (for fo

Defcended he took upon him to be), he was no fooner entred but the reft (hut the
which
Mouth of the Cave with great Stones, hoping fo to ftarve him to death

Jyrache obferving, flood amaz'd a while,

till

atlafthe threw offall the Scones, and

flew with great and divers colour'd Wings up into the Air, crying aloud, Fear not,
Aranca and Al3.xm3.ngo, though you have defign nd to take away my Life, but build a City in
this place, and call it

Cufco

on extending far and near,

for in

it frail

ft

and the Seat of the Ingas, under Tvhofejurifditli*

many great Rations fhall bom. The Temple which

defign d (hall not onely exceed all other Structures in the World, in

forfirange Offerings
ifigs to

me, they may

jiccordingto

to the

Cofllinefs\but be famous

Sun. If the Citizens build Altars for me , burn Myrrh, and make Offer*

certainly

my Example

Art and

the Gods have there

expeH

vanauifh

to

all

their

Enemies, and increafe their Power,

bore Holes through your Ears, as a fign of Obedience.

Aranca, Ajarmango, and the fore*mention'd

Women

All which

promised to perform.

Where-

upon Ayr ache gave them a rich Diadem with a Tafiel, which was to be the HeadOrnament of the fucceeding Ingas which they had no fooner received, but Ayr ache
and Aranca were turn'd into Stones, yet retaining their former fhape which Ajarmango obferving, fell ftraight, together with the three Women, upon building the
City Lrtfca. After the Deluge breaking out of che Hole Tambo jhechang'd his Name of

Ajarmango for Mangocapa, that is, Mighty Lord, and made himfelf, as they fay, the firft
PeruVianKing. The City Cufco was divided into four Wards, the Eafl.call'd Andofayo,
5

the South Callafayo che North, Chinchafuyo, and the

Weft

Condefayo,

every one one fo

calPd from the Countreys, to which the Gates of the four Wards are oppos'd.
If any

one coming out of another Countrey,

fetled

himfflf

in Qifco,zs

it

hapned
daily.,

11

Cj.

Chap. IV.

no where but in that Ward which fronted his naCountrey. The four high Streets, which through thefe Wards one way fall
in-

daily, he
tive

was permitted

M E^l

to dwell

to the Market-place, being in the

middle of the City, are the other way anfwerable to the four principal High-ways, vi*> that which leads to Quito and
Paft 0>
through Chinchafujo- to /rehuipa, through Condefuyo to the Mountains Andes, through
.

Andefujo

and

through

to Chili,

Collafuyo.

The two

Rivers before mentioned, which

part at the Eaft end of the City, are pafs'd over with divers Bridges.
The narrow
Streets are full of Stone Houfes, built in good Order.
In feveral places are
Vaulted Cellars under Ground, in fome of which are buried great Treafures
:

they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothfayers
for
this fort of People were once in great efteem amongft the
Inhabitants, who co.

ming from

Chili,

Pa[to, T>ocamores, Topona, (Bomhon, Charcas, Collao,

Chiachiapoias, Con-

and other Peruvian Countreys, receive great benefit from the

and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City.
chucos,

The

antient
Palaces and
other ftately

Water

The (lately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at feveral times built in Oren-

Structures in
Cufco.

frefh

being one part of the City, are very wonderful, the Owners whereof
were
fore'd by the Ingas to appear at Court at Set-times, that fo he mightprevent
all InCufco,

furre&ions

Alfo he caus'd the Children of the prime Lords to be brought up

in

under pretence that they might learn the Cufcoan Tongue perfectly, in
which
the Ingas would always be fpoken to
whenas their Defign was to keep them
;
Cufco,

as

Hoftages in their

own

Jurifdictions, that their Fathers

might not rebel by which,

means it hapned, that in moft places of Peru, which amongft che feveral Tribes
and
Principalities had feveral Languages, the Cufcoan Tongue was underftood
and fpoken. But the Spaniards, who are the prefent PofTefTors thereof, have altered
and
-

re*

moft of the ordinary Houfes, which are now neatly built of Stone. Above
all
the old Structures, the Palace of the Ingas, and the Temple of the
Sun, are the moft
pair'd

magnificent

the Palace lies inclos'd within a fquare quadruple Wall,

each corner
adorn'd and ftrengthned with a Tower
The Palace it felf is built
;

whereof

is

round, and with Arches

but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder, is

to
fee how the Stones, which are fo big that forty Horfes are
notable to ftir one of
them out of its place, were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders
;

from

neighboring Mountains
;

made

for the Peruvians never

except their Sheep Pacos, not

knowing

the ufe

the

ufe of

any laboring Beaft,

of Horfes, Camels, Oxen, Ele-

phants, or the like, before the Spaniards coming thither.

The

Halls within the Pa,

were Wainfcoted with Golden Plates yet the Ingas Apparel was
not anfwerable to the reft of his Pomp
for in Head of a Crown they bound their Heads
about with a red woollen Safli, with which they aimoft cover'd
their Eyes at the
end of the Safli hung certain Ribbands, which they gave the
Governor as occafion offer'd,that by this Sign, as by a CommifTion, they might exercife
their Offices
the fight of which String caus'd fuch Obedience,
that if the J;^ had commanded
lace

the Inhabitants of a

The

Inga

Town

or Countrey to murder themfelves, none durft deny.

was generally carried by

hundred of

Noble-men, of whom if any

one had accidentally chane'd to ftumble, he was immediately put
to death. No
man durft prefume to look him in the Face, or {peak to him without a Prefent.
The Temple
Cuncancbe.

The Temple

his

Curicanche,

Dedicated to the Sun, was certainly the moft rich and

fumptuous that ever the World boafted, it being Governed by the
Chief Prieft
Vtllanoa.
The Inga GuainacaVa fpent an invaluable Treafure in the building of this
Structure, for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick
Plates of maffieGold and

home from

Silver.

At

whence

the Inhabitants,according to an antient

his return

the

Conqueft of the Province of Quito, from

Cuftom of the Ingas, were carried to
one

AMERICA.

nap. iv.

one of the rembteft Countreys

ftaid a confiderable

Maid

the Marriage of his Bride,

time

who

in

in

61

But GuainacaVa enamor'd of a Quitoan

the City Quito, and kept a fplendid Wedding at

Term

bare unto

him

the

famous

Jttabaliba,

whom

he lov'd

beyond all his other Children, and a little before his death made him King of
Quito. But Huajcar after Guainacava's Deceafe would not fuflfer his Brother to live in
the late conquer'd

Kingdom of

gave him Battel in the Plain of Tome* A cruel

tel

Quito y but

bamba, which lafted three days and three Nights, and after much Blood-flied, Jttabaliba being defeated was taken Prifoner, and not long after making his Efcape by
the help of an antient

Woman

Bat-

betwce.i
1

two Brothers.

Commanders and Soldiers reVictory) he made his Subjects in

(whileft Huafcar's

joy c'd with Cups full of Qnca for their gotten

Quito believe, that he being transformed into a Serpent, crept through a

Hole
out of the Prifon and that he had a Promife from Heaven to obtain Conqueft
over Huafcar- which being believ'd, ftirr'd up all his Subjects to take up Arms,
little

whom

and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy,

they not onely defeated, but

took Huafcar Prifoner.

Hufcar being deftroy'd by Jttabaliba, and Jttabaliba by Ti^arro, Mango Inga their
youngeft Brother took the Government upon him, made continual Sallies upon
i

the Spaniards from inacceflible Mountains, and at his Deceafe left the remaining
part otferu to his Son Zaire* Topa ; who feeing no good to be done by force of %**

Arms, fubmitted himfelf freely to the King of Spain's Jurifdiction in the Year 1557. {*/%Jg
rds
fince which the Spaniards have been fole Matters.
Alfo the Dominicans, Vraiu
There are at this day four great Churches in Cufco
Cloyfters
cifcans, Juguflines, and the Monks Be la Merced, have each of them ftately
-

here

but the

Jefuits Structure

Above forty thoufand

exceeds

feritYians

all

the other.

pay annual Tribute to

this City.

In the Valley

about the City feed abundance of Cattel 5 alfo Wheat, and all manner of Herbs
grow here in great plenty. The Gold and Silver*Mines have not that refort which
they had formerly, moft of the Workmen being removed to fotofi.

Concerning the Service which they perform'd in the fore-mention'd Temple

of the Sun, and their fuperftitious Opinions about their Idol Qm y they are much of
the fame ridiculous nature with what hath been already Difcours'd of in other pla*
ces. Five Leagues Southwardly from Cufco lies the Valley Yucay between high fnowy
Mountains, under a temperate Climate and pleafant Soil. Not far from hence
the Ingas built a moft invincible Cattle on a Rock, which

many
v

cliffy

Walls one above another

thefe

was furrounded with

Walls were alfo Carv'd with Images

of Lyons, Tygers, and other wild Beafts, which held Lances in their Paws 5 the
top of the Rock was crown'd with a Royal Structure built of Stone, through
which ran Golden Veins, joyn'd together with a certain Gum, by fome calFd

To

Je^s-Lime.

and

the Province of Qndefuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas

In the County fomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll, curioufly

Ubinas.

Painted.
8.
is

The

City Francifco de

Vittoria y

which

lies in

the rough Valley Vtkabamba, and

by the Mountains Jndes, belonging to the Jurifdiction of the Province

inclosed

yfndeftiyo.

9.

The

and fo

Village Juan

call'd

by the

which is the chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya,

from the fine Gold which is found there in great abun*

del Oro,

Spaniards

dance.

Along

the
the Sea-Coaftof feru belonging to the Jurifdiction of Los %eyos, lie

following Havens,

Illes

and Points.

South-Eaft from the Promontory Jguya,

rifes the lile St*

%oane out of the South*

"^poL?

iJ

+<k

ME

<KI C

A.

Chap. IV.

Sea, furrounded with Rocks, and abounds with Birds of prey

of

it

through the midft

runs a River whichdivides the Ifland.

The Haven

defended againft the Winds, cannot be entred by

great
Veflels, unlefs in calm Weather.
Malabrigo,

Next follow

ill

Harbors Guanape and Santa, where the Ships us'd to furnifh

themfelves with Water out of a frefii River
Qafuya and Guarmay, both inhabited
5
by Peruvians.
the

Near the Mouth of the Road Guar a

is

found

in great

Behind

Cafe

hard Pieces.

The

Guano lies the Lobos

ftands a large Salt-pan, the Salt about which

Ifland Collao fecures the Haven before Lima.

and not

from hence the Harbor Sanqallan

confider'da longtime whether they fliould

being fo commodious that the Spaniards

build the City Los

far

P^eyos here.

The Promontory

Tfyfca- affords alfo

good

flielter

for Ships
;

Hacari yields Rove of Refrefhments.

Quilca difcharge their

The Haven

Moreover, the Streams

and the Haven

Oconna, Camamt

and

Waters into the Sea.

Jrequipa appears at

its

Mouth

like a little Pool,

furrounded with

Mountains.

Between Quilca and the River Tamhoyatla lies the Ifle Null ; and a little more
Southward the Haven Paracca and Pifca and up in the Countrey the Village t
where the moft and beft Peruvian Wine is to be had.
-

Sect.

VI.

Los Charcas.
Situation and

Os Charcas

Defcri prion*
of Los Char-

is

the fartheft

ing up as far as

cas.

Chile,

Countrey Southward of the Kingdom of Pm^reach*

with which on the South it is bordered, having on

North, Lima and Collao h on the Weft, Mare del Zur and on the Eai
5
fome Countreys not yet well difcover'd, which lie betwixt it and the Province cf
Paraguay, or De la Plata. The Countrey is faid to be in length about a hundr^
i
and fifty Leagues, meafuring it dire&ly, or in a right Line from North to South
the

.'

but meafuring

about along the Sea=Coaft, much about two hundred

It is not
very rich either in Corn or Cattel, although in fome parts it wanteth not good Pabut of unparalell'd Wealth, in refpect of the Mines of Gold and Silver
fturage
it

which

are here digged, the principal

whereof are thofe ofPotofi and Parco.

The Mountains hereabouts are inhabited by the Qavinas, who dwell in Sto ;
Houfcs. Their Neighbors the Qanches are a fubtile, good natur'd, and painful
People, breed many Sheep, fowe Corn, and catch plenty of Fifii out of the
Rivers.
Next comes in view the cold Countrey Conas. On the right fide towards the Sou*
,thern Ocean, the great Wildernefs Parinacocha extends

it

felf a vaft

way

the

Moun*
marv

round about are continually covered with Snow, and the Dales have
deep Moors.
tains

Principal

Towns and
Places
note.

of

Chief Towns and Places of note in this part of for* are, i. Plata, otherw_.
callM Chuquifaca, from the Countrey whofe Metropolis it is, fituate under a temperate Climate, in a fruitful Soil for the

produ&ion of all manner of Plants, and

efpecially Wheat, Barley, and Grapes. In this City the High Court of
Judicature
of Los Charcas is keot 3 being a principal part of Peru, and inhabited by the richeft
Spaniards in the whole Kingdom, having gotten an incredible deal of Treafure
out
of the neighboring Silver*Mines, which from the time of the hgas, or Kings of
Peru, to its Difcovery by the Spaniards, held out and continu'd fo rich, that
'tis'
thought

4^1

\.

ri

P O

J^\

>i
1.1

S I

^g

...

Chap. IV.

<t/f

M E %^ I

Reafon could have

J.

^tf j

him, might here onely have rais'd him*

but his defire and hopes,
felf a Rent of two hundred th-oufand Ducats per Annum
firft to find more at Potofi, and afterwards his ambition and greedinefs to have and

thought Pi^arro,

if

rul'd

command all,carried him to violent Courfes, which prov'd his Ruine, as hath been
faid. The Town is conveniently feated in a fruitful Soil, honor'd with the Refidence of the Governor of the Province, and with a Bifliops See, faid to be the
richeft of Peru, vj^* of fourfcore thoufand Ducats per Annum, The Cathedral and

The

divers Cloyfters give alio a great luftre to the City.

antient Inhabitants of

Countrey, efpecially about thofe parts where now this City ftands, were the
Cbarcas and Cbaranques, both valiant People, who by Command of the Ingas fetched

this

invaluable Treafures out of the neighboring Mines of Porco, where a thoufand

Vlen were continually kept at work. In La Plata were reckoned long

Spaniards, above fixty thoufand Peruvians which pay annual Tribute.
2.

a place of good Metal,

Oropefa,

as a

man may

perceive by the

fince, befides
w,

Name

It lieth

and pleafant Valley Cochobamba, twenty Leagues diftant from La Plata.

Potofi, eighteen Leagues Weftward from La Plata, by the Spaniards call'd The

in the rich
3.

Foot of a Mountain bearing the fame Denomination, on a

barren Soil under a cold Climate, though but twenty one Degrees to the South*

Imperial City , built at the

ward of
bare to
fiercely

Cold proceeds from the high Lands, which lie

the bleak and fharp Winds call'd TomobaYi, which blow every year very
from May till September. But though the barren Countrey produces no
the Equinotiial Line

Fruit, yet
this, the

no place

the

in Peru hath greater plenty of all Provisions

Markets being always

Sweet-meats, and

which

full

of Fruit, Salt-Meat, Mai%M Papas, Wheat, Sugar,

As

Charcas,

it is

what concerns

to

of an

of Mankind,

all things that are requifite for the fubfiftence

are brought thither frorq all parts for the Silver,

plenty.

and Dainties than

Afli colour,

the

and

famous Mountain
rifes

which

Potofi in

is

there in fuch

the Countrey of

above the adjacent Mountains

in the

form

of a Sugar-Loaf; on the top of it ftandsaChappel, to which leads a craggy Path,

which with a little care may be rid up with a Horfe the heighth thereof is a thou*
at the Foot
fand fix hundred and twenty four Rods, or a quarter of a League
j

thereof appears the

Mine

call'd Guaina Potofi, that is,

the City 'Potoyiftands, being

Church and Cloyfter

In the time

two Leagues

for the Dominicans,

when the Ingas Governed

The young

in circumference,

Potofi

and

is

near which

adorn'd with a

and exceedingly reforted toby Traders.

Peru, the Silver-Mines at Porco

were very
was found

was not till after the arrival of the Spaniards that Silver
in Guaina Potofi, and by degrees the Silver Veins which lay hid in the great Potofi y
the manner of which Difcovery was as followeth
A Peruvian call'd Gualpa, who work'd in the Mines at Porco, going a Hunting, it The occafion
chanc'd that the Game ran up the fteep Mountain of Potofi, which prevented his Disomy of
purfuing of it any farther but the Mountain being overgrown with Trees, he k^."'
got hold from one Bough to another to help himfelf up, and at laft taking hold of
the Bramble call'd Qujnua, he pull'd the fame out of the Ground, and finding it
heavy, look'd upon it, and efpy'd a great lump of Silver hanging at the Root
of it j whereupon viewing the Hole, he difcover'd a rich Silver Vein
of which
taking fome pieces home, and melting them, he found that it was the beft Silver that ever he had known ^ wherefore he privately got a greater quantity, and by

famous

but

it

'

grew extraordinary rich but though he carried his Defign never fo clofe,
yet he was at laft fufpected, and efpecially by his Neighbor Guanca, born in the
Valley Xauxa, who was the more jealous of him, becaufe he fold greater Bars of
Silver than any were eaft at Porco 5 whereupon he refolv'd to fpeak to him, and
gating
degrees

M E%I C

A
came

A.

Chap. IV.

Agreement between them, That they fliould

both be Partners and fliare the Booty j Gualpa was to keep the Vein, fince call'd
The ^ich Fein, and Guanca was to have another, at preient nam'd Diego Centeno but
getting out the Secret,

it

to this

they agreed not long

the hardnefs,

Mafter

Spanijh

and

much

labor

fliare in

what

for Guanca finding

that he could get

with

no

who refted

not

upon

his

Vein, by reafon of

Gualpa got, acquainted his

he had found out the truth thereof 5 for which Vilaroel obtain'd (according to the Cuftom of Torco) feveral Rods
to
work for himfelf, onely paying the King one fifth part of what he got, and fo re

Potcfi,

when

dilcover'd.

it,

till

Owner of the Mine Centeno.

main'd
The Mine

Vtlaroel

This Difcovery of the rich Mine fotofi is faid to have hapned on the twenty
fourth of April, Anno 1545. Soon after which they found the Silver Vein
DelEftanw,
which though it Was very rich, was difficult to be digg'd, becaufe of its hardnefs.
The firft Vein which Gual(a fearch'd after flood upright from the bottom of the

Mine, and contain'd above three hundred Foot in length, and thirteen in breadth
and continuing good for two hundred Foot in depth, after which the Silver begins
to leffen.

The

becaufe the
about

That

Peruvians relate,

Workmen

the Ingas

firft

began to dig in

fotofi,

heard a terrible Voice, faying, Leave

the Treafures Tbhich

lie

but gave

off doing

what you are

hid here, are referVdfor a People out

offoreign Countreys.

Thefe Mines produce yearly for the King's

fifth part,

forty thoufand Pieces of

Silver, each valu'd at thirteen <Hyals, each %yal being four Shillings, befides

he

is

defrauded of, which

The Mines

over

it

is

perhaps half as

what

much more.

offotoji exceed all other, becaufe the Diggers never meet with

any

Water, notwithftanding they work above two hundred Fathom under Ground,
whereas the other Silver Mines fuffer great damag by the Water
which was alfo
5
the reafon why the Spaniardskk offdigging of Silver in Porco, becaufe they
were
not onely fore'd to cut through hard Rocks, but ran greater danger, or at leaft

Four Silver
Veins, with
their fe vera 1

Divifions.

beftow'd extraordinary labor to get out the Water which broke in upon them.
The four Silver Veins otPotofi, t>i%. The Pjch, Centeno, Del Eftanno, and Mendieta,
lie

on the

Eaft-fide of the

Mountain, and extend North and South. The *rcat

Veins produce lefTer, not unlike the Body of a Tree, from which fhoot forth feveral degrees of Boughs. Each Vein is divided into feveral parts,
pofTefs'd by feveral

Owners

the leaft part

permitted by the

open'd four Rods, and the biggeft eighty

Law to open a

an Eye-witnefs,

Acofta,

is

who Anno

bigger Hole.
1

none are

for

In the time of the Jefuit Jofeph de

587. went from Peru to Spain, the

<t(ich

Vein

was

reckon'd to contain eighty feven Mines, of which fome weredigg'd two hundred
Fathom deep. The Spaniards judge that at the Root of the %/; Vein is an incredible
Treafure, though Experience hath hitherto taught us, that the Silver leflens in
price
and quantity the deeper they dig in the Ground.
The Sosabonos or Trenches, with the

manner of
Mining.

For the more eafie working in the Mines, the Spaniards have digg d Trenches
(which they call Socabonos) at the Foot of the Mountain towards the Weft,
crofs
through the Mountain to the Mine, each of them being eight Foot broad
and a
Fathom deep, and lock'd up with Gates, through which the Silver is carried out,
whereof the Owner of the Socabon receives a fifth part. The Socabon which leads to
the

was begun Anno 1556. and finifh'd in twenty nine years, extends it
felf two hundred and fifty Rods in length.
The Miners work by Candle-light
both Day and Night by turns
thofe that work in the Day, fleep in the Night, and
thofe that work in the Night, fleep in the Day.
The Oar, which is as hard as a
<l{icb

Vein,

Stone,

upon

is

cut out with Pick-axes, beaten in pieces with an Iron

their

Backs on Ladders made of Leather

Crow, and

carried

Each Ladder hath three Faftnings

about

"
AMERICA.

Chap. IV.

Ml

4.6J

about. the thicknefs of a Cable, ftretch'd out by Sticks, Co that one goes up on one
fide,

whileft another

long,

is

upon

pitched

comes down on
feveral Floor

its

Each Ladder being ten Fathom

the other.

on which

the Laborers reft before they

J
1

go

up higher, for they make divers Floors according to the depth of the Mine. The
Laborers carry the Oar in Bags faftned before on their Breafts, and falling back
over their Shoulders three and three together, the foremoft whereof ties alighted

Candle

to his

Thumb, and

thus they help themfelves with both Hands.

It

is

WM

wonderful thing to confider, how the Peruvians are able to fcramble up and down
But befidesmany other Inconveniences,
continually a hundred and fifty Fathom
:

the

Mines often

fall in,

or at leaft great pieces, which bury

all the

The

Diggers.

Mines alfo,being exceffive cold,occafion to thofe that are notus'd to them, a Vertigo
in the Head, and Vomiting. The Silver runs for the mod part between two
Rocks, as it were, in a long Channel, of which one fide is as hard as Flint, and
the bed, call'd Qacilla or
the other much fofter. This Silver is of different value

Amber in colour
The pieces of Oar

Tacana, refembles

the worferfort

is

blackifh, and fometimes of

are carry'd on the Backs of the Sheep Pacos to

an Afh-colour.
jhe Mill, where being ground to Powder, they are put into Furnaces to melt ; of
which there were once above fix thoufand on the top of Potofi but fince the Quick-

Hi

filver

was found to cleanfe the fame, not a third part remains pure.

In former times the Mines at Pored,

produced thofe vaftTreafures gathered

part

fell

two Leagues from the little Lake ^utagas,

by the lngas> which afterwards for the moft

into the Spaniards Hands.

As concerning the Sea-Coaft of Los Cbarcas, it lies as followeth

Southerly JJJ^JJJ'
from the River Tambopalla puts forth a threepointed Rock into the Ocean, and gj ^.
makes the Haven De Ylo, into which falls a frefh River. Next follow the round
Hill Mono de los Diabolos, and the Inlet before the Town Arica, fecur'd from all except a Wefterly Wind, where the Silver that comes from Potoji is Shipp'd for Lima.
Since the Englijb Admiral Sir Francis Drake took three Barks out of this Inlet it is
fortifi'd with a Caftle, which is ftor'd with Brafs Guns.
Nine Leagues Southward the Pijfaqua falls into the Ocean ; and next you come
to the little Village Hicahic, fituate on a high and barren Tract of Land j as alfo
the Haven Jerrapaca, which by an Inland is made very fecure.
Not far from hence appears the Foot of Piqua, where the Coaft begins to rife
very high ; the Cape of Tacama, the Stream Lottoya, otherwife call'd De Loa, whofe
Banks are inhabited by poor People } the River Montelo, the Promontory Mono
Moreno beyond whofe utmoft Point opens a Bay, fecur'd from all Winds by aa
:

Ifland.

The

Next
Peru and

raw Fifli.
view, which

Inhabitants here feed on

the River Clam

comes

in

is

taken for a Boundary between

Chili.

Eaftward up into the Countrey you come to Santa Qrui^ built at the Foot of a
Mountain in a Plain near a Brook, which ruming forth from a Rock glides through
the City to a Lake full of delicious Fifh.

The Houfesof

Stone, are cover'd with

Palm-Tree Leaves and befides the Church there is alfo a Cloyfter, inhabited by
the Monks De la Merced. In former times the Peruvian Houfes were built of Clay,
and were often deftroy'd by their Neighbors the Qheriguanacs and Titanes, who made
;

Feafts with as

and poor

many

fpirited,

mon amongft

all

as they

took of them.

The

People about

this

and fpeak befides four Languages, the Diagnitan

of them.

in Oftritches Feathers,

meek
Tongue, comPlace are

Before the Arrival of the Spaniards they went Cloth'd

but fince taught to weave Cotton, they

now make

Apparel of the fame, and upon the account of Barter, drive a great Trade
*

-7

Xx

their
in it:

Thc y

'A

ME

zJ

66

St I C A.

Chap. IV,

Cotton with' the boyl'd Roots and Leaves of a little Tree.

Eaftward beyond Santa Crui^ lies the Countrey Paicanos, eminent for the great
Qalabafres which grow there, exceeding good to keep both wet and dry Meats in.
The Countrey receives a viciflitude of exceflive Cold and intolerable Heat the
hard Winters taking beginning in May, and continuing till the beginning of Jugufi*

They Dye

their

Summer

South-wind blows feven Weeks together here, to

the great prejudice of all Plants, which are during that time often wafh'd away by
continual Rains. About Chrifimas they Sowc, and gather in their Harveftin March.

In the middle of our

During the rainy Seafonthe Ways cannot be traveled, being all overflow'd by the
neither doth the Palm-Wood, which is four days Journey in length, permic
Rivers
5

any

Crui^ becaufe the conflux of Waters makes it a

befides which, the Tygers Bears, and Serpents, make the Ways

accefs to the faid City Santa

Moor all

over

dangerous, efpecially at that time.

Through

this

Countrey the

difcover'd the Taguamacis, a

De

la

Spanijh

Captain Nufco

when he

de Chayas travell'd,

numerous People, which dwell along

the great River

Plata.

The Countrey

manner of Fruit, but few Trees,

but Corn, Mai^ Wine, Granadilla*-, Llamas, and Tu*

about Santa Crui^ produces

becaufe of the want of Rain

all

cumay, as alio the Plant Hachalindi, in the Lat'tne

grow

here in great abundance

which

laft

Tongue

call'd ^trabile

Veruanum

fhoots up to the bignefs of a pretty

Body, full of Juice, and of a yellow ifh colour, out of which frioot knottyBoughs, and about each Knot two Leaves refembling the Herb l^jghtfhade
the
Flowers which hang at the ends of the Boughs are long, and pleafant to the Eye,
large

by reafon of their mixture of Purple, White, and Yellow, and alfoof a fweet
It is

a ftrange Secret in Nature, that this

come

near the fame

The Rootalfo

is

Flower opens

at

Midnight,

if

fmell.

any Light

accounted an effectual Medicine againft the

Dropfie.

Sect.

VII*

Coll ao.
Southward of thofe Countries, which go under the general Name
of the Province oiQifco, having on the Weft,Lww on the South, Charcas
;
but Eaftward, and to the North-Eaft, it is fliut up by a Ridge of Moun

Situation and

[OUao lieth

P<:fcription

of

CtUctt.

tains,

running in one Body or continu'd

as the

City of

Cufco,

where they divide.

dioufly watered in all Parts with

fturage and
Chief Towns
and Places of
note.

The

frefii

Trad from the Confines otCoUao, as far

The Countrey is generally plain, commo-

Rivers, and confequently affording rich Pa-

good Herds of Cattel.

chief

Towns and

Town, and held

be
naturally
to
almoft impregnable, as being environ'd round about either with
deep unfordable Waters, or with Mountains unpayable, and having one onely
Cawfey leading

to

it,

Places of note are,

Chuquinga, a great

two or three Leagues together no broader

march conveniently upon it.

reported to be for

than to permit one fingle Perfon to

The

City Tucara, which was formerly well inhabited, but at prefent nothing
remains of it, except theruin'd Walls of great Houfes, and large Images of Stone.
z.

J.

AyaYtre,

by the
4.

(lately

by

the Spaniards calFd La* Sefuhuras, being a Place efpecially enobled

Monuments of the

Hatuncolla, the

Banks of the River

TeruYtan Nobility, which

Metropolis or chief

CaraVaya,

Town

of

were found

there.

this Province, feated

whofe Streams are very much fam'd

upon the

for Gold.

The

m.

III
'

i
1
\

II

'':'

The River

M E'%^1 C

^J

Chap. IV.
CaraVaya,

which

glides

kill'd

much fine Gold, but not without the

unwholiom Air and Damps that arife

by the

The Lake Titkaca, which wafhes

4^7

from the Jndes Eaft ward

Oro produces
}

A.

Countrey

the

lofs

of

to the City Juan del

many

People, which are

here.

on the North, the Province The i-ake

otOmafuy on the Earl, (Jbaquito on the Weft, and Chuquiabo on the South, is one of
the greateft: Lakes of America, being eighty Leagues in circumference, and in feVe-

many Fathom

ral places as

Into this

ther.

deep

wherefore

Qollao

exceeding rough in windy Wea*

Lake ten great Rivers difcharge their Waters, which run away
;

it is

again through a narrow, but very deep Channel, in which the Stream runs fo
flrong, that no Boats are able to abide in it.

fmall Iflands in

Colony of Spaniards upon the Banks of Titkaca, having many

it of a good and fruitful Soil, abounding in Fifh and variety of

Sea=Fowl

fuppos'd to be fourfcore Leagues diftant like wife from the South

Qnnquita, a

5.

'

it is

Sea, having onely

one Eftuaryot Mouth, which

fomething

is

flrait,

but of fuch a

deep Water and violent Stream, that (as Ac oft a teftifieth of it) it is not poffible to
but the Natives in dead thereof have
build 2 Bridge of Stone or Timber over it

laid a Bridge

of Straw upon

it,

which

ferves as well, vi^, fo

many

great Bundles of

Straw, Sedge, or fuch like matter, well and furely made up and faftned together,
as will reach from one fide or Bank of the Efiuary to another 5 at which likewife ha-

fome good quantity of more Straw and Sedge upon them, and have a Bridge very convenient, upon which they both fecurely pafs
themfelves, and alfo drive Cattel, and do other neceffary Bufinefs. The Water is
ying made them fure, they

cafi

neither bitter norbrackifli, yet

Iflands that lie in the

which

Lake

is

not drinkable becaufe of

its

ferv'd formerly for Store*houfes

the People thereabouts living near the

muddinefs.

of the

Highway would

chiefeft

not

Several

Goods,

trufl in their

Villages.

Here grows a certain Broom-Plant

wholfom Food both

the fame, burn

it

on

for

Man

and Bead

their Hearths,

good for many ufes, and is alfo J^

moreover, they cover their Houfes with

call'd Tatar a,
;

The

and make Boats.

Uros, a falvage People,

made Floats of Totara, which they ty'd together, and built Villages on the fame,
which drove to and again, according as the Wind blew.
The Lake alfo breeds abundance of Filh, and efpecially two forts, yi%. Sucbes,
which are very pleafing to the Palate, but unwholfom and the ~!Bogas, which
though lefs, and full of Bones, are a much better Food. There likewife breed
5

plenty of Fowls about the fame, efpecially wild Gcc[e and Ducks.

When
(by them

nam'd
their

the Peruvians intend to Entertain any Perfon,they go to catching of Fowls

call'd

<

Balfas i

Oaco j

after this

and Rowing

manner

clofe to

They make

a Circle with the Floats

one another, take up the inclos'd Fowl with

Hands.

Moreover, the fore^mention'd Channel, through which the Lake Titkaca dif<
charges its Water, ends in a little Lake call'd Aulagas, likewife full of defolate Ides,
but hath no vifible place into which to empty its Water, therefore it mud needs,
according to the courfe of Nature,

Stream whofe original

The Town
able, that the

is

is

fall

under Ground, where

unknown, though

it

be feen to

fall

it

commixes with

into the South Sea.

a Place of exttaordinary Wealth and Trading, and fo confider-

Governor thereof is always nam'd by

his Place estimated at fifty

thoufand Ducats

6. Tiaguanaco, at the Efiuary, or

per

Mouth of

the

King of Spain

himfelf,

and

Annum.
the

Lake, memorable onely for the

Ruines of certain great and ftupendious Buildings which antiently have flood
there, fome of the Stones whereof are faid to have been of thirty Foot length
Xx_. %

apiece,

18 "'

<aME%.ICA.

+ <Sg

Chap. IV.

There were likewife found

and Wrought, of a Gigantick ftature
the Statues of certain Men excellently Carv'd
ftrange Habits, not at all us'd, nor
or bignefs, and likewife vefted in foreign and
themfelves, or by any other of the
ever known to have been us'd by the Peruvians

apiece, fifteen Foot broad,

and

fix

or feven Foot thick.

Natives of America.
or Our Lady of Peace, otherwife call'd Pueblo NueVo :
in a fair and
but a fmall Town, yet pleafantly feated upon the Banks of a River
of Mai^y having
Plain, full of Springs, Fruit-Trees, SaVanas, and Fields
Nueftra Sennora de

7.
It is

laPa^

fruiiful

almoft in the middle of the Province Cbuquinaho,

The Province Chufourteen Leagues diftant from Qtfco, and as many from Potofu
Inheritance of Gold) hath many
quinabo it felf (which in the Peruvian Tongue fignifies

Mountains on

either fide

It lieth

and a temperate Climate, except from the beginRains caufe Feavers and
ning of December till March, in which time the continual
Agues. The Inhabitants being very poor People, us'd to go naked in the Sum-

rich Gold.Mines,

mer

good

Salt-pits,

Seafon.

two and twenty Leagues beyond Lopo^ It is onely inhabited by

amongft whom an Image of the Virgin Mary, long iince ere&ed there,

Copavana,

8.

PeruYians

Tradition of a great
hath been ever in great veneration, efpecially by reafon of a
Miracle there perform'd

for the Spaniards affirm,

That

Johannes Anachoreta going

Journey of feveral Weeks from home, plac'd a lighted Candle before the Image,
which during the time of his abfence did not at all diminifti.
An Accident which fell out in this Countrey is very remarkable, vi%. The
LfhqtuL
':*%**.
Ground of an old Village call'd Angoanga, then inhabited by eminent Necromana

began on a fudden to fwell, and the Earth to run like a broken Wave two
Leagues, overwhelming the Houfes in Sand, and filling up a neighboring Lake.
Eight years before this terrible Earthquake here, there hapned in the County of
cers,

ne

like in

m tngunl Hereford in England almoft the fame kind of prodigious Motion : for not far from
the Town Ledborough, arofe Marcely Hill to an exceeding heighth, and moving along

bury'd

all

whate're

it

met with,

after

which manner

three days, to the great terror of all that beheld

o. Qhilane

10, Acqs

11.

Pomata, and

fome

it

continu'd for the fpace.of

it.

them good Towns,

others, all of

but not fo confiderable as thofe other.

Roads and
High-ways

made by

the Roads or Hish-ways.it may well be faid,That none of the feven

Concerning
t?
r
xvr
w/ ollc ers Q fthe World can compare with any one of them ^neither was the way that
Jppius Claudius made from %ome to Brunduftum, upon the repairing of which the Em*

th e

1_

L.

perors Julius and Auguft us fpent great fums of

with the Roads made by the Ingas in Peru for
\

who

fit

to ftand in competition

cannot but admire at the cond*

with Mountains, the hardeft Rocks cut afunder,

Moors danirnd up, great Stone Bridges laid over fwift gliding Streams, and
through vaft Wildemefles a Way made of twenty Foot broad, inclos'd in high
Walls, extending from Quito to Chilo, a thoufand Leagues, and at the end of every
deration of fo

Money,

many

Valleys

fill'd

ten Leagues brave Houfes or Magazines,

ftor'd

with Bowes, Arrows, Halberds,

Axes, Clubs, Clothes, and Provifion for twenty or thirty thoufand Men. Some
Countrey
relate, that CuainacaVa, when he returned Viftor from the conquer'd

on the pathlefs Mountains, and thereupon

commanded his Subjefts to make the fore*mention'd Way. But it is more probable,
the
that this Mafter-piece was not the work of one Ingd, efpecially fince befides
Way from Qhili to Quito there leads another through the Mountains over the Plains

Quito,

from

fufTer'd

great Inconveniences

Qtfco to Quito, forty

Foot broad, and

five

hundred Leagues long, inclos'd

within two Walls.

The

The

M E%,I

Chap. IV.
^Peruvians relate

from

'C

^69

the teftimony of the Qmpos,

much more concerning

High-Ways, and other Buildings on them, made by GuainacaVa. Thefe Qutpos

ate Rowls of divers colour'd Strings, full of all manner of Knots, which ferve in
in which were employed the Quipo*
Head' of Characters to keep their Chronicles

thefe

The manne!

ww Reb-

who

Camayos,

being in the nature of our Secretaries, Regiitred

Tranfactions,

all

performing the fame with the feveral Strings and Buttons, with which they
but befides the Quipos they alfo us'd
gave Obligations, Difcharges, and the like
:

Rings

full

of little Stones for the fame purpofe

and knew with Mi/^Seed

up an Account as well as the belt Arithmetician with Figures.

Their Account of Time hung on the twelve Pillars Succanga, erected on

how

to

call

Moun-

by the Inga Tachacuma, that is, The Regulator of the Tear, to fbew
the Gourfe of the Sua, and according to that their appointed FeaftVdays, times of
Sowing and Harveft Their Year begins in December.
tain

beyond

Cufco

The

Government

Spa?iiiJ>

Kingdom of

in the

<Peru is fetled

at prefent in great The

State

''

P refet*

offers

The ViceRoy, who keeps a fplendid Court in Lima, undeV he

otherwife call'd Los ^eyos 7 Commands over Chili and Terra Firma, and never cOmes moment,
when he travels by Land he is acabroad without a Guard of forty Halberdeers
-ttM

tranquility and fplendor.

:'

companied by the Arch-bifliop, and guarded by his forty Halberdeers, a hundred

Pike*men, and fifty Mufquetteers. His Reign is generally not above fix or eight
years, during

which time he

receives forty thoufand Ducats per

Annum out of the

King's Exchequer.

The
moft

flourifliing

City Hall and the Exchange, where

two have

three Markets,
is

caird El Santo de

The

are fold there.

their

los

chief

all

things are brought to be fold.

Denominations from

Church

is

Confecrated to

Monks De

the Dominicans, Auguft'mes, and

two

coftly Structures for the Jefuit s.

the Creation, Conception, the

The

Anne and

is

Qf the

St.

S?G$ jJi

the *?"

other

Jacob

la

St. John

the Evangelift;

Francifcans inhabit three

the

the

Cloy-

Merced, each of them two, befides

Other Orders have

Trinity } St. Jofeph,

Jrloly

St.

2^5^*

four

becaufe nothing but Mules, AlTes, and Horfes

Cavallos,

iters

v'tZj.

In the biggeft Market-place

other Three to Marcellus, Sebaflian, and Anna,

,

enlarged and brought to a

Condition, being exceeding populous, and extending

Miles in length, and half as much in breadth

fourth

much

City Los %eyos hath been of late years very

and

alfo five Cloyfters here,

the three

St. Clara

firft

have each of them a Church built hard by the feveral Cloy Iters, Dedicated to the

Each Cloyfter contains

above two hundred and fifty either Monks or Nuns. Here are alfo four large Hofpitals, the chiefeft whereof cMdJndrias, hath feldom lefs than four hundred Sick,

Santas Virgmes del Montferratto, Del <Prado,

,

which

are kept

and cur'd on Charity.

The

and De

fecond

The third, built in honor

Clergymen. The fourth, nam'd TheHoufe

Loretto.

is

for Peruvians onely, call'd The

Mojpital of St. Anna.

of the Apoftle

old

of LoVe,

is

St. Teter,

for fick

is

Women.

for

poor

Befides

Hands another Structure near the Walls of the City, Confecrated to La*
where thofe that have the Leprofie are cur'd. The Houfe call'd The Holy-

thefe there
zarus,

and wounded Sea-men. The King maintains twenty four

Students at his own Charge in the Royal Colledge, and the Arch-bifhop as many
in the Colledge call'd St. Toronius
but in the Colledge of St. Martin refide above
fix hundred, which are brought up in all manner of Arts and Sciences. Two hun-

Ghoft, receives all fick

dred Students are alfo taught

nor every year.

tion.

Here

alfo

The River which

long fince

The

it

is

in the

high School, where they chufe a

new Gover*

kept the King's Treafure, and the Court of Inquifi-

waflies the City Walls runs fo exceeding fwift, that not

away a new Stone Bridge with nine great Arches.

Monks were the firft that Landed on Peru, the firR which came

carried

Dominican

Xx

thither
3

M E %^I C

470
with

thither

Francifco Pi^arro

being Vincent

A.

Chap. IV.

de Voile Verde,

who was

by

follow'd

Sancia Martino, Martino de EfquiVele, 'Domlnico de SantloThoma, Pedro UUoa, Alphonfo de

Montenegro, %eyna\do Pedra^a,

of the Peruvian Riches

amongft

Jodoco delos Angelos,

and many others,

whom

were four

Miracles re-

mirez>

ftirr'd

up by the report

Francifcans, viz. Pedro Portuguefe

who were

DelaCruiz^ and De Sant Anna,

by twelve Monks of the Augufline Order.

Colonel Andreas Sala^ar, accompanied with

ported to
have been
done by R.a

who were

Toon after follow'd

Anno 15 5 2. Landed alfo at Los^yos

Antonio Lo^ano, Juan de Santlo Petro

Hie*

ronymo Melende^, Didaco Palamino, Pedro de Efpeda, Jndreas Ortega, Juan Canto, Juan
Qhanwro, Francifco de Treyas, Juan %amire^, and 'Balthazar Melgarego. Sala^ar foon

Juan %amire^, and Balthazar Melganego to Guamachuco

where he Baptiz'd and Inftructed the Inhabitants in great numbers. Afterwards
after his Arrival fent the Prieft

travelling to Moyabamha, he got a great efteem

amongft thofe

and (as it
goes for currant amongft them) "wrought many Miracles, amongft which this is
reported for one : He being inform'dby an old Peruvian, that his Daughter nam'd
Curt had hid feveral Idols
enquiring after it, he tax'd her with what her Father
;

had told him

Idolaters,

which (he denying, and being rebuk'd by %amin^, is faid to have

become immediately dumb, to have foam'd at the Mouth, at laft falling down
dead like a fecond Saphira in the prefence of many, which caus'd many to forfake
their Idolatry. But the Necromancers endeavor'd by all means poffible to raife a
difefteem on^amire^, and with the afliftance of their Mafter the Devil, fo wrought
;

their Inchantments, that the

Tygers came

Herds out of the Wilderneffes

to Moyabamba, and devour'd not onely Men, Women and Children in the High.
ways, but alfo tore them out of their Houfes, yet did not the leaft hurt to any Spa*
niard
whereupon %amire^ valiantly went with a Company of his Profelytes to a
in great

Herd of Tygers, which when he approached held

the Crofs to them,

which

feems fo affrighted the 'Devil-Tygers, that they climb'd up the Trees.

farther relate (if

^w/r^call'd to
his

make

the Miracle the greater,

whereupon he throwing a Stone, and

Example, the Tygers leap'd out of the Trees,' flood

themfelves to be kill'd like Lambs.

gujlme

to

Monks

They
That

the Multitude, faying, Go and revenge the Deaths

of your devour d Pa-

and Relations

rents, Children

lowing

you will believe them)

it

all the reft fol-

ftill,

and

fuffer'd

Six years after the fore=mention'd twelve

follow'd eleven others, who

Aw

out of the SpaniJhHzvcnSt. Lucar,

and arriving at Peru went to the Village Tauca, where they broke the Image of the
Goddefs Huarella, being as it were the Peruvian Venus, or Patronefs of amorous De-

lights,

fet Sail

reported to have given Refponfes from the

Wood

which (he was worfliipp'd. They alfo deftroy'd the Idol Chanca in the Countrey Conchucos,
which being worfhipp'd by the Indians in the fhape of a Man, had yearly a fair Maid, aged
fourteen years, given to him in Marriage, a folemn Wedding being kept, and feveral
The Miracle
of an
flint

Augw

Monk.

Sheep

The

in

kill'd.

Augufline

Monks

are believ'd to have

Province Conchucos, upon

felf to be God,

this occafion

deny'd our Saviour,

wrought

Conjurer

alfo another Miracle in the

call'd Chaumango,

boaftedhim-

teftimony whereof he gave out that he would

kick a Mountain to pieces, with his Foot
which Report fpreading all over the
Countrey,all the adjacent People flock'd to fee this ftrange Wonder on an appointed
in

Day, on which Charimango being, it feems, as good as his word, and kicking the
Mountain, caus'd it to rent from the top to the bottom, and the pieces to flie all
about the People, who were exceedingly amaz'd but the Sorcerer upon the Augn*
(line Monk's rebukinghim was (as they affirm) immediately eaten up
with Worms.
;

Many

other Stories of Miracles go curra^c amongft them, as of Marco Garcia and

Didaco Orte^ driving the Devil from a wJ
e Stone which hung over a Fountain
in

:,

-'
:
-

,.-,-

/'.

ferr.";cV;V

..-

am
..;,-,

>,

-,>-

ffe

II

i\

II
'

""\

.-

:-

%
'

,'
i

111

mi-

till!

'

.HruO

'

:r

KittU

si
.

1.3-'*

si

j|

Is

if

......

"

m
i

i!

'

'*.

'

......

I
I

-^ :.-...

v..

.&
;
'

'

<

>.

ii

F~

AMERICA.

Chap. V.

'

and feveral others, but it would be very impertinent to dwell too

long upon Difcourfes of this nature, efpecially fince we are not oblig'd to make
them a part of our Creed,
To conclude our Defcription of this famous Kingdom oWeru, the People therein (Iquipalpa,

their Guns, and other

of at the Spaniards firft Arrival 'viewing their Shippings
Accoutrements, unknown to them before,had them in great admiration,as Men defended from Heaven but when they began to be opprefs'd by their Tyranny, and
be tortur'd by them, they look'd upon them as the Spawn of Hell, and curs'd the
\

to

Sea that had brought fo wicked a People to them.

CHAP.

V.
I

anj\
ofMdre del Zur, or the South Sea, the next great Province |g^
of c
pertaining formerly to the Kingdom of Peru, is that of Chile. This is the
moft Southerly Province of the whole Countrey of America, reaching up as
Norththe Magellane Straights, with which to the Southward it is bounded

following

far as

the Coaft

oi?

ward it hath a Defart, and an undifcover'd Countrey lying betwixt it and the Conon the Weft it hath Mare del Zur ; and on the Eaft,
fines of Tern, call'd Atacama
up to $io de la (Plata, the Atlantick, or North Sea, with fome Countreys undifcover'd,
.

which interpofe betwixt it and Paraguay to the North=Eaft It lieth all of it be..
yond the Tropich oCa(rkorn, in a temperate Zone, and extendeth it felf in length
from the Borders of fern, to the Mouth of the Straights five hundred Leagues or
more ; but the breadth of it neither equal nor certain They fay 'tis call'd Chile
from the word Chil, which fignifies Cold it feems in their Language as well as ours,
in many parts of it fo exit being generally a cold and bleak Countrey, the Air
:

are
treamly fharp and piercing, that both Horfe and Rider fometimes in travelling
Difco*
frozen to death, as the Spaniards found by experience in their firft Search and
faid to have left
very of the Coimtrey, under the Conduct of Diego Almagro, who is
towards the Andes,
the greatcft part of his Men dead behind him : But this is chiefly

and on the Sea-Coaft,the more Inland parts of it,though mountainous alfo in fome
watered with Rivers, are much
parts, yet are more temperate, and being alfo well
more fruitful! than the other, affording both Wheat and Mai*,, and likewife other
Grain, excellent Pafturage in many places, and great (lore of Cattel, Wine, Honey,
and not without many and rich Mines both of Gold and Silver.
The Natives of this Countrey were found to be the moft ftout and warlike of
fighting with them,
all the Americans that the[Spaniards had hitherto met withal,
and oftentimes defeating them in the open Field, furprizing and facking their
Towns, andlaft of all taking their Captain and Commander in Chief Prifoner
:

of Atu*
This was Pedro Baldivia, one of thofe good Men that confented to the death
paid, then perbaliba, the laft King otPeru, after a greater Ranfom accepted and
ufe it for
haps the King of Spain could wellraife on afudden, if he had occafion to
himfelf.

The

Jrucans (for fo are the People call'd that had

to have Entertain d

him for

are (aid

while with great Jollity and Feafting, but for his

Draught gave him a Cup of melted Gold, which the poor

down, and fo died a cruel, though coftly Death.
v

him Prifoner)

Man

was

laft

fore'd to take

**-

te&

he

*~

The

AMERICA.
The whole Province

generally

is

divided

firft

into

Chap. V.
Chile,

fpecially fo eall'd,

fecondly Magellanic a, or that part which lieth more Southward

down

and

to the Straights

of Magellan.

Sect.

It.

Chile, properly fo
of

Chile

border d /Northward with the Defart and barren

Countrey of Jcatama above mention'd ; on the South, with Magellanic* .

The Bounds
cially

eall'd.

CHile,

fne-

Co

eall'd.

on

fpecially fo eall'd,

is

Zur j Eaftward, and to the North=Eaft, with

fome parts of'Paraguay or rather with fome undifcover'd Countreys lying betwixt
them both The length of it from North to South is reckon'd to be little lefs than
the Weft, with Mare

del

three hundred Leagues,

and generally of a fruitful Soil, affording belides abundance of Gold and Silver, both Corn, Cattel, Vineyards, and divers forts of Fruits,
equal both for kind and plenty to Spain it felf, and fundry other parts of Europe.

The Air likewife temperate, and the People in their Manners and Conditions come
much nearer to the Civility, and likewife fubtilty of the Europeans, than other
Americans did which doubtlefs may be attributed to the conformity of the Climates
;

under which they

lie,

agreeable to thofe of Europe

though otherwife

in relpect of
the Sphere and Seafons of the Year, there be a diametrical difference betwixt us .

As

for

Example,

their Spring

Autumn in March, which

is

the eleventh of December,

bas, vi%. the eleventh
Towns and
of
importance.

beginning in September, which

our Spring

which

is

their longeft

our fhorteft

of June, which

The Towns of chiefeft

Piaces

is

Day

our Autumn, and their

being that of St. Lucy, on

and their

our longeft,

is

fliorteft

being

note and importance in this Province, are

hath a very commodious Haven belonging to

2. 'La Serena, a

Town

on

Barna-

<<?c.

u Town in the moft Northerly parts of this Province towards the

St.

i.

Gopiapo,

Sea,

where

an
ic

it.

Banks ofCoquimbo, a pleafant River a little

above its Influx into the Sea, built by BaldiYia in the Year 1544. the Countrey
about very rich in Mines of Gold, and the Town it felf fo well Garrifon'd for fear
of the Natives, that when the Englijb under Sir Francis Drake, about fourfcore years
fituate

the

attempted the gaining of the Place, they found hot Service of

ftoutly refilled and beaten back again to their Ships, by a Sally
of no
three hundred good Horfe and two hundred Foot.
iince,

St. Jago, the

it,

lefs

being

than

Town

of the Province, a Bifliop's See, and the ordinary Refidence of the Governor, lying on the Banks of the River Tapocalma, in the
thirty fourth Degree of Southern Latitude, fifteen
Leagues diftant from the South
3.

Sea, at

which

it

principal

hath a very commodious and

much frequented Haven, which

they

call Valparayfo,

and where the EngUJh met with better fortune, as hath been faid already in the report of Sir Francis Drake's Voyage.
4. La Conception, a ftrong Town, feated on the Bay eall'd Tenco, fixty or feventy
Leagues diftant from St. Jago towards the South, a Place not a little fortifi'd both
by Nature and Art, having the Bay and a certain Ridge of high
Mountains begirting it almoft round about and where it is otherwife
acceffible, a Caftle, and cer.

Bulwarks with Ordnance, befides a Garrifon of five hundred Soldiers at leaft

continually in it,and all little enough to defend it againft
the Araucanes, their deadly
Enemies, who live thereabouts, and arc ever and anon making Incurfions almoft
up to the Walls of it. Over againft this Place m Mare del Zur, but very near the
tain

Shore, there lieth a certain Illand eall'd

St. Maries,

exceeding plentiful in Swine

and

'

.-

11

:iia P

<a

v.

M E^I c

J.

which the Garrifon of La Conception make good ufe of.

a Fronteer Town, built by the aforefaid Baldivia, for defence of

,nd all forts of Poultrey,

Los Confines,

5.

Place near adjoyning.

he rich Mines of Gold at Angol, a
Garrifon of this Place on the Banks of the River
6. La Imperiale, another fttong
great Battel was fought, where Baldma, with divers
Cauten, near to which that
who were no otherwife overcome, but by beother Soldiers, were taken Prifoners,
of their Enemies, and by that means not able to
ing over-wearied with killing

make

their Retreat.

Colony of tht Spaniards in

and twenty five from the Sea.

7. Vilhrica, another
ftant
8.

from

Imperiale,

'Baldma, Co

thefe Parts, iixteen

nam'd from the Commander Pedro

Baldivia,

who

Leagues di-

built

it

in the

diftantfrom the Sea, where it hath a

Valley of Guadallanauen, two or three Leagues
Mines of Peru, fo rich, that 'tis
good and capacious Port but nearer to it the beft
fo long as he could enjoy them, twenty five
laid they yielded QaUtofc every day

thoufand Crowns.
Oforno, a

o.

Town

lying in the

Bay of

Chilue in a

BaldiYia
ther lefs rich, nor lefs populous than

barren Soil,but otherwile nei-

it felf.

Imperiale, and Oforno, were in

Thefe three lad mention d Towns, vi*. Baldivia,
furpriz'd by the Araucanes, and other Salvages
the Years 1596, 1699, and 1604,
though the Spaniards be faid to have
confederate with them, fack'd and burnt ; and
frefh Soldiers, yet how long they were
recover'd and Garrifon d fome of them with
of them at tins day, we cannot fay.
able to hold them,or whether they be Matters
built on a certain
the mod Southerly Town of the whole Province,

10.

Caftro,

Ifland within the

11.

and

Bay of Chilue.

Mendo&i and

12. St.

Juan de

la Frontera,

both which

lie

towards Paraguay

but on the other fide of the Andes, forty Leagues diflant from
from
have fpoken of, and perhaps more, not above a hundred

Qtjode la Plata,

any of thofe we
^Buenos Ayres, and the Jdantick Ocean.

Sect.

III.

Magellanica.
bounded Northward, with gjggE
la Plata ; on the South, %*??
Chile abovefaid, and fome parts of the Countrey De
del Zur on the
with the narrow Sea call'd Magellans Straights 5 having Mare

MJgellanica,

the other part of this Province,

is

in length from the Borders

Weft, and on the Eaft the Jdantick Ocean. It contains
and in breadth from the
of Chile to the Mouth of the Straights, a hundred Leagues,

more, ufe towards Chile and the North- Weft

ftill more and more,
parts of it, for towards the South and South. Weft it ftraitens
a Pyinfomuch that they who refemble the Southern part of America to the form of

North

to the South Sea, fomewtiat

ramid

revers'd,

beareth the

narrow

make

this part

Name from

of the Countrey to be the Spire or top thereof.

Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese,

Sea, fo famoufly

known by the Name of

who

firft

It

difcover'd that

Magellans Straights.

It is a

large

as yet no
Countrey, and fuppos'd not to be altogether barren of Metals 3 but
exceiTive Cold to
great Difcovery hath been made of it, partly by reafonofthe
difficulty of
which 'tis thought to be fubjeft, and partly perhaps by reafon of the
in many places, by
the Enterprize, it being fo far remote, and very hardly paflable
againft all Advenreafon of the huge Mountains the Andes, which bar it as it were

turers

the Jraucanes
reafon of the ftoutnefs and untameablenefs of
by
but chiefly
J
;

and

474
and other Natives of

mud firft

METRIC A.

Chap. V.

through whofe Countrey the March

lieth, and who
that very little can be faid more of
this Countrey than

Chile,

be conquer'd, fo

n
nam the Ports and Pkces U
E2V
P ^e
f
fe*. and hkewife fome
to

Sea-Coafts, at which the Spaniards

other Nations at feveral times have touched,
the chief whereof
the South Sea are, ,. Cabo de las Ijlas, a
Promontory or Foreland, twenty fix
f

l,

-<

upon

Leagues diftant from that of St.

Felix

on

2. Puertode San Steplwo,

fifty

4- LaPuntaDeglada

Puerto de Us

the Confines of Chile.

Leagues from that, towards the South.

y La Villa de Nueftra Sennora, or Our Ladies Dale, a large and fecure Bay, eighteen
Leagues Southward of St. Stephens.

opening towards the

de

la

Vtttona,

Upon

%<w

and

6.

MconaSin

of them
There is alfo at the opening of the Straights,
Cabo
Cabo DeJJeado, and fome others.
North Sea, and up towards %io de la Plata, the chief
Places
-,

the

Saltda, all

Straights.

obfervable

are x.Pjodela Crux, and the

Leagues diftant from the

1.

The Bay

El Puerto Deffeado,

of

Cape which they

Straights Mouth.

St. Julian forty

i
.

ying

De

las

Cameras, about thirty

Leagues Northward of the former.

4. Puerto de

good and capacious Havens for

call

los

Leone,
,

5.

The Bay of Anegada,

the fecurity of Shipping

upon

of them

thefe Coafts,

at a d.ftance

la flata,

all

and

of thirty or forty Leagues one from another,

up towards ,
and the Countrey of Paraguay, of which
we are next to

de

fpeak.

As

for the Straights themfelves,fo

5*.
**** known.by
,

tbofe

much fpoken of.and like wife

who

fo neceffary to be

frequent thefe parts of the World, they are

a narrow Sea or
wh.ch the Atlantiek Ocean, or rather fome parts
of it, doth fall into Oiare
delZur, or the South Sea : the Paffage
is long, running, as 'tis commonly
fuppos'd,
well nigh a hundred Leagues together,
almoft in a paralel Line, or in the fame
Degree of Latitude from one end to the other
, and likewife extreamly difficult
by
realon of the many windings and turnings
of the Sea, which force them to be ever
and anon altering of their Courfe, and a
mountainous high Countrey on both fides
or it, iron, whence it is almoft
continually beaten with Storms, both dangerous
and ternble
They were firft difcover'd by Ferdinand Magellan, by
Nation a Portuguese, but in the Service of the King of Spain, and by him
Frith, by

nam'd

who

Magellan's Straights

although h.mfelf liv'd not to return

into Spain, beingfiain in the Conqueft of
the Molucea Ifiands, yet his
Companions did, in the Ship call'd Vktonafiom whence
the Cape De la Vtttorta abovefaid
took its Name. The Mouth or Entrance of

them, by the Atlantiek Ocean, lies in

fifty two Degrees of Southern
Latitude,
and hath not above fifty three and
fome Minutes at the Exit, or opening into the

f
South Sea.

ofiS"

T iere

I'kewife fincethis, and but of late

times, vi* about the Year 1615. another Straight difcover'd by
the Duteh, and call'd from the Difcoverer Fretum
Main,
tra 'hts
k
four
or five Degrees more to the Southward than thofe
f
>
c
is f,
ot Magellan,
and fuppos'd to be a much eafier and
fafer Paffage.
The Intention by the difcovery of thefe
Straights, was to have found a fliorter
Way to the EaJlJnd.es, and the Kingdoms of Cathay
and China, than that which was
then onely us d, V(* by the
Cape de <BuenaSperan a, and the Coaft of
Africk, but by
K
reafon of the great difficulty,
as 'tis to be fuppos'd, and uncertainty of the
Paffage,
neither the one nor the
other is much frequented, the Spaniards for the
moft
part lerving theinfelves of their
Amencan Ports upon the South Sea, from whence
'

1S

min

they

make

Voyages and Returns to and from the other

Indies,^ from thence
home to Spam and the Engtijh, with other
Nations of Europe, Trading ft.ll by the
Coaft oUfnckznd Cafe
Good
Hope,ov elfe by the way of Alexandria and the Per
of
fun
rheic
.

Gulf, as heretofore.

CHAP.

[I

;{

..\,

rt.

'

[!

|!

;i

.:

;:

'

"-

il

ii

[]

1]

'.

-.

v>

Sf

>

''

.'"

-f

-'

"'.
'

.-

..

-I'

'

"

^~''

;;

<%'

f.

-;S-; : ;'_

Ml

47 >

J^r

3f

MS

3*5

'

E^t c A

VL

>hap.

CHAP.
T X TE have Teen

\f

of the

\f

America that

ma, the

ow to
e

World,

le

and before

either

lie

is,

the moft Southerly part

Weftern Coafts of

in order all the

it

upon or towards Mare delZur,

Province of this Southern part

down

from Ta-

Yizj.

We

as far as the Straights.

are

return and take a view of the Eaftern Coafts, and thofe Countreys which

upon the Mlantick Ocean,

:ctlv,

>

firft

la Plata.

in Magellanica the fartheft, that

2\eT&>

i/>

VL

Rio de

Paraguay., or

fleering our

Courfe henceforth Northward, not-di-

but as the Coaft leads us for a while Eaftward and by North, forafmuch as

Land of

America,

from the

Straights

of Magellan up

the JEauator, runneth out with a long Point,

as far as (Brafde,

little lefs

and almoft

than three thoufand

,eagues together.

The

firft

Province

we meet with on

oftentimes call'd

rhich runneth for the

tf^j'o

fa'h Plata,

from the

Name

moft part through the midft of

it

to the South and towards the Straights with Magellanica

itlantick

Ocean

more Northward, or

to the North-Eaft,

Weft thofe undifcover'd Countreys of the Province of

le

is

the Countrey
*

(Paraguay,

lid,

next to Magellanica,

this fide

of an huge River,

It is

it

situational
Defcription

on

we

the Eaft, with the

hath

Chile,

border'd, as

ofp^*>,

Brafile

and on

of which we have

soken."
'i

The Countrey on both

ruitful Soil,

fides the

River

is

reported to be a very lufty and

bearing befides thofe which are proper and native,

all forts

of European

and Grain in great abundance, with Sugar=Canes, both large and good, as
ny other Province of the New World. Nor is it excelled by any other for good
in particular, Horfes are
'afturage and great Herds of Cattel, Sheep, and Swine
aid to have multiply 'd fohere, that of thirty Mares, and about fix or feven Statruits

whole Countrey thereabouts

vas fiird with the Breed of them, running wild in great Companies together,
hrough all the Woods and Forrefts of the Countrey, and being of excellent Met*
le and Service if they could betam'd. It affordeth likewife great ftore of wild Deer
md Stags, fome Lyons, Tygers, &rc. nor is it without good Mines, fome both of
Sold and Silver but chiefly, as to what is yet difcover'd, of Brafs, and Iron ; and
ions,

which the

Spaniards left there, in forty years the

;he

People altogether falvage.

The

River De

la

Plata,

which

(as

we

faid before)

of thelargeft of the whole World, rifing, as

'tis

divides this Countrey,

is

one

fuppos'd, out of the Lake call'd

hundred Leagues or more within Land, and falling into the

Mlantick Ocean, or North Sea, in thirty four Degrees of Southern Latitude, with
an Efluary or Mouth of thirty, or two and thirty Leagues over.
The whole Countrey is ufually fubdivided into three inferior Provinces, which
Ve

los

Xarayes, three

are I. ^io de

la

Plata properly fo call'd.

%.

Tucuman.

3.

La Crux

de Sierra.

Sect.

jj^**
Plata.

AMERICA.

47*

Sect.

Rio de
Situation of ;

Pjo

de

la Plata,

properly fo

Io de la Plata,

call'd,

II.

properly fo

eth

perly focall'd

it

feif

on both

fides the

call'd.

Countrey which extend

length many Leagues together, bu

that part of the

is

let

Plata, pro-

Chap. VI

River, in

not anfwerable in breadth.

The

Towns and
Places

chiefeft

of

note.

La

Towns

of note in this Province, are

i.

'Buenos Jyres,

by fomecall'c

on the Southern Banks of the River De la Plata, fixty four Leagues, a

It is feated commodioufly at the foot of a littli
from the Mouth of it

Trinidad,

they fay,

Mountain, and

with a Mud-Wall, a

fortifi'd

little

and fome Pieces

Caftle,

o!

Ordnance.
San Fe> in Englifti

2.

St. Faiths, fifty

upon the fami

Cloth, of which there is hen

Leagues above Buenos

River, and a richer Place, chiefly by reafon of their

Jyres,

one of the greater! Manufactures of all thefe parts of Peru.

Nueflra Sennora de

la

commonly

JJfumption,

call'd JJfumption onely,

lying ye

higher up the River almoft a hundred Leagues, a well built and well frequentec

long fince inhabited by two hundred Families at

Town,

upon

Men

or

Women, and

Negro's, of both

of natural Spaniards

them, which are the Breed of Spaniards by the America)

befides Mefli^ps, as they call

People,

leaft

Mulattos,

which there

which

are likewife their Race, but begotter

are reckon'd to be here

fome thoufands.

more commonly call'd Onttveros, fourfcore Leagues North

feated on the Banks of the River Parana in a fruitful Soil, ai

4* La CiVidad P^al,ox

ward from

JJfumption,

Countrey generally

the

is

about

all thefe

Places j but the Air hereabouts

is

not

fc

healthful.
St.

5.

June,

upon

the fame River

and

6. St. Sahador.

Sect.

Ill,

T ucuman.
Situation of

Edward of La Plata lieth

Tucuman.

far as the

Countrey of Tucuman ,txtcnd'mg it

felf as

Borders of Chile, a Countrey not yet well difcover'd

either

the

North or the South. That part of

well Manur'd and Husbanded, and likewife very
to the

Chile

is

wards

Magellanica, neither the

it

which

fruitful

towards

lieth

but that to-

one, nor the other, remaining altogether untill'd and

barren.

The

Town

chief

Towns

and Places of note, are

2.

chief Places

of note.

St. Michael de

otherwife
this
3.

St.

Jago de Efleco, the principal

of the Province, and a Bifhop's See, feated upon the River

and fourfcore Leagues diftant from Buenos

Towns and

1.

Efleco, a

hundred

Jyres.

Tucuman, feated at the foot of a huge rocky Mountain, but

in a Soil the fruitfulleft

and

beft,

both for Corn and Pafturage, in

all

Countrey, twenty eight Leagues diftant from St.Jago.

TalaVera, or ]S[ueftra Sennora de TalaVera, as the Spaniards call

Banks of

Salado, in a

good

Soil,

and inhabited by an induftrious

upon
People, grown
it,

fituate

the
ex-

ceeding rich and wealthy, chiefly by their Manufactures of Cottou-Wooll, whereof they have great plenty, and by which they drive a Trade as far as the Mines at
Potofi,

and other parts of Peru.

4. Corduba, another rich

Town

of this Province, and of great Trade,

as lying
at

'-''

!'

'

Cjhap. VII,

AMERICA

'

<

an equal diftance, V^, of fifty Leagues, both from San.Ee, as theycall it,
or
St. Faiths in the Province of La Plata abovefaid, and from St.
Juan de la Frontera

at

in

the

Country of

and almoft

Chile,

Peru, to 'Buenos Ayres anc^ tn ^

North

Qocinoca- 6.Sococha-

5.

for the

in the

Road- way from

and thofe parts of

Potofi

Sea.

7. Calebinda

8.

Morata, and others, but belonging

moft part to the reduced Natives.

Sect.

IV.

La Crux de
LJCruxde Sierra

is

little

Territory

Sierra;

lead in comparifon to fome others)

lying towards fori^and reckoned by fome for one of the Provinces
of Peru
(at

iiruation of

La Crux

it

Sierra.

betwixt the two great Rivers (Paraguay and Guapay, a

hundred
Leagues diftant, as 'tis fa id, from Charcot, to which yet in fome Caufes it is
fuborIt lieth

dinate.

The

Soil of this

Countrey

is

abundantly

fertile in all forts

of American

Fruits,

good plenty both of Wheat and Mai^ and fcariity of nothing ufeful
for
Man's Life, unlefs it be frefh Water in fome places.
The chief Towns of this Province, are 1. San Crux, fituate at the foot of a great
Mountain or Hill, but opeing upon a large Plain, whofe thirfty drinefs is
befides

well

re*

Chia

f '1 owiis
of this Tr<j;

vince

by a certain Brook or Torrent, which iilueth out of a neighboring

Mounand a few Leagues diftant from the Town maketh a pretty Lake, which
fup*

frefli'd

tain,

plieth theJCountrey thereabouts, both with frefh

Barranca, a

2.

Town fuppos'd to

Water and Fifli in good plenty.

be not above threefcore Leagues diftant from

Potofu

once a Colony of Spaniards , but fack'i and fpoil'd by the Salvages

of thefe Parts about the Year 1548. and the firft Difcoveror of the Countrey,namely
5.

Nova

Nunno

P(ioia,

de Chaves, treacheroufly

murder'd by a Native, fince which time

faid to

'tis

have been deferted.

4^|^lili^i^^^^ $k$fci$fc & $k ^^ & & $h *& *& &*& &t&*

j& &. ,4

CHAP.

j*b

A. sh, dk .*.

VIL
..,.'

%afik by

Capralis call'd

cated to the

San Cru^, becaufe

was difcover'd on the Day dedi*

holy Crofs, but generally Brafile, from the red Wood, which it

produces in great abundance,

it

tiona " d
(cnption

of BralJe.

extends, according to the Account of the

between the Rivers JMaranonznd Vela Plata: But according to the Di*
viilon which Pope Alexander the Sixth made upon the
Approbation of the Kings of
Caftile and Portuguefe, Brafile extends not fo far
for 'it begins in the North along
Vortuguefe,

the Stream Para, and ends at the River Capybora,

St, Vtncent

ted

Eaftward

two Leagues beyond

the

Town

wafh'dby the Northern Ocean, and on the Well fepara*

from Peru by defolate Mountains It lies between and 22 Degrees of Sou4
:

it is

thern Latitude.

Hiftoriographers

without contradiction the

fent out

by

Ferdiaand,

firft

differ

much concerning the fir ft

honor belongs

King of'Caftile,

in the

juftly to

Americm

Year 1407.

Yy

Difccverer

Veftutint,

arrived

firft

but

who being

with four Sail

as

W3P

%^V%

4.78
I

ztBrafile ] whither he

was followed two years

ate to Chriftofher Columbus

but with

ill

after

fuccefs, for

by

Vincent Ayne^Pin^pn] Affocis.

two of the

away
Haven

Ships were caft

Storm, and the other two return d fadly weather-beaten into the SpaniJJ)
Difcovery of ^r afile than Americus Vefpu<Falos, yet not before he had made a farther
which fo ftirr'd up Emanuel, King of Portugal, that he fent Pedro Ahare^ Cafralk
tins
;
might get fure footing
thither with five hundred Men in thirteen Ships, that fo he
in a

Pidro Alvarez Cafralis

his Expediti-

on to Brajik.

on Braftle where Landing he erected a Stone Crofs, and inform/d the King of his
whole Proceedings by Gafper Lemnius, with whom he fent over two &rafilians } z Man
and a Woman, the ftrangenefs of whofe Garb caus'd great admiration in Portugal
the Man, having a flat Nofe, went ftark naked, and in
amongft the Spe&ators
each Cheek there was ftuck a
his nether Lip hung a Stone call'd Matara ; through
Darts, and on his
piece of Brafile Wood, on his Shoulders he carry'd three long
.

!-

Head he wore

divers coloured Feathers

plucktout, and

hbUembrum

he unty'd

when he Urin'd

ed with feveral Colours.

Virile

his

ty'd about

Body was

was all
String calFd Tacoaynhaa, which

the Hair about his Privities

with a

ftrong and well proportioned, and paint-

The Woman wore

a Lappet girt about her Middle, in

Cane Tobacco-pipe the Lappet reach'd juft to the top of

wore a broad Hat
her Knees, the reft of her Body wasalfo naked on her Head fhe
made of Feathers, on the top of which ftuck two Plumes in her Ears hung.Bells,
and her Body was alfo painted with
and about her Neck three Strings of Pearl

which Girdle ftuck

red and yellow Colours.

Lemnirn alfo gave fo

much Information concerning

fruitfulnefs of Braftle, that feveral Portuguefe Families

went

thither,

the

accompanied

with fome Italian Fryers, which (battering up and down, began to build feveral
Villages, but were foon after moft of them kill'd and eaten up by the Indians.
Anno 1549. King John the Third fitted out a great Fleer, which fet Sail from
Lisbon
J.'fuits fent

tj Brafilt by
Pope Paulut
the Third and
Ignatius.

under the

Command

Alfo the Jefuits

rico %

of Thomas

<!{pde^
Afpilcueta, Antonio Pireo, Leonardo Tslonno, Didaco Jacobo y Vincent

and Emanuel ^obrcga, were

Loyola,

whofe

Fleet

de Sofa.

came

to an

fent thither

Anchor

by Pope Paulus

in the

the

Third, and

Bay afterwards

Ignatius

call'd ftabiade Todos

Santlos,

Chap. VII,

U M B%_I C

A,
/

where

Sanclos,

City Salvador

Sofa. built the

themfelves farther and farther over

The

it,

which

Towns in

thereof,

fuccefs, for they

new

took
Forts

give you a general Defcription of

the better render a Relation in particular of every
Province

being a confiderable part of the

it

good

by force of Arms, and built

Portuguefe,

But we will

feveral places.

we may

that fo

from the

and the Sea-Coafts

firft

New

World,

and both pleafant and

refrefli'd

by the ftrong Wind which bjows from the Sea.

The difference between Summer and Winter, fhorter and longer Days, in the
main part oBraftle y is fcarce difcernable, warm Weather lading all the year round
and for the length of the Day and Night, the Sun being hid under the Horizon
twelve hours, mines for the mod part juft as long, the greateft difference never
tains, or are driven

being above an hour.

cold

till

Sun.rifing

Three hours before Day-break the

wherefore the

Hammocks, notonely

to keep wild

make

<Braftlians

Dew

makes it exceeding
the Night near their

Fires in

Beads from them, but

alfo againft the

Cold.

After the coldeft Nights follow the faireft Days, and the contrary after fukry
neverthelefs (except in the rainy Seafon, which begins with March and
Nights

ends about Auguft) the Skye is generally clear, yet it Lightens much towards the
Evening. Rainbowes often appear in the Skye, and bout the Mooon fialos.

The

Rain generally

which

it is

falls in

great

Drops

and with a mighty noife

generally very fultry hot, or elfe foon after.

fuller than in Europe,

before

The Dew, which

is

fruit-

Air.

which makes it oft to rot things that lie in the open

During the rainy Moneths, a South-Eaft Winds blows from a cloudy Skye,

much

ftronger than the Northern in

Stream to the North,

this, there

is little

is faltifli,

as the

Summer, The South-Eaft Wind

North Wind

drives

it

'Brafilians

Planks made of the fpungy

is

fwim above twenty Fathom

And more

of a dreadful Storm.

fo clear in the

Day,

New=Moon

which

is

that the

the Sea rifes twelve Foot,

it is

more or

Brafile lies

turbulent, and

a Stone Cliffof above twenty or

never cover'd with Water, though in the time of

In this Cliff Nature in feveral places hath

fail

lefs

and con-

gently into the fame.

Before moft part of the Coaft of

thirty Paces broad,

The Sea, which

Fifli may be feen to

calm Ocean when the Days and Nights

when dark Clouds appear, is a certain fign

tinues either a longer or fliorter time, according as

more

deep.

At Full or

the Rivers fall ftronger or

than

call'd Jangada faftned together.

are of an exact length, and efpecially

the Ships

and flowing hereabouts

At
go feveral Leagues from the Shore to Fifh, upon

Wood

feems to burn in the Night,

which

South

drives the

to be difcern'd of the Seas ebbing

the higheft Tides the

Spring-floods.

to the

made

a Gap, through

near the Shore, and ride fafe at an Anchor.

The whole Countrey of Brafde is divided into thirteen Prefectures, or Lordfhips, and hath about as many Rivers, which more or lefs empty themfelves into
every one of thefe Countreys. The Eaftern part hath feveral Brooks and Fountains,
is

which

afford

good Water both

Co ftrong, that the wild Beafts

taken.

During

for

Man

and Beaft.

In

fome parts

making themfelves Drunk therewith,

the Winter Seafon the Rivers glide with great force,

the

Water

are eafily

and fwell on a
fudden^

Temperature
of the. Cli*
mar.?.

fruit-

by Eafterly Winds, which begin before Daybreak, when the North Sea ebbs or flows, for then the Wind rifes with the
Sun and
continues till Mid-night
Towards the Weft, where the Mountains divide irafik
from (Peru, it is made temperate by Wefterly Winds, which though judg'd unwholTom, becaufe they feem to arife out of the Moorifti Grounds, yet they hurt not
the
Inhabitants along that Coaft, becaufe they either break againft the high
Mounful,

the Tortuvuefehwc fb read

Brafile,

United Netherlands alio fent Colonies thither with

feveral vail Countreys

and

fince

fudden, overflowing

M.E Ki

*A

480
all

Chap. VII.

A.

the neighboring Countrey, onely the River SanFrancifco

runs ftrongeft and rifes higheft in the Summer Seafon, whenas in the Winter ic
flows low, and poures but little Water into the Ocean. The original of this Ri*

come out of

Lake lying
The Hollanders, who fail'd forty Leagues up the
near the Peruvian Mountains
fame, found it every where broad and deep, and fcatter'd full of Ifles and Rocks.
Th* Portuguese failing ten Leagues farther, difcover'd the great Rocks Cocoeras, from
which the faid River falls down with great violence, and extends it felf NorthWeft. In the other Brafilian Streams, though wide at the Mouthes, which generally
are not above two or three hours walking from their Fountains or Springs, no
Barque is able to Row up, they being exceeding {hallow, although much Rain
the reafon whereof is becaufe the barren Mountains lying be
falls into them
tweenlSr^/eand Peru, difcharge abundance of Water through the Rivers of Jma*

ver

is

as yet

unknown,

yet

is

by moil believ'd

to

a great

zones, Maranon, francifco,

La

Plata,

and the

Juaeiro,

with fuch force into the Ocean,

that they keep their fweetnefs for thirty Leagues.

ral

Lakes and Pits which are drinkable, and others

Near
up in

the Sea fide are fevethe

Countrey

that are

brackifli.
The Nature

The Countrey

differs exceedingly,

for

where

it

extends in Plains the Soil

fat

is

ef the Soil.

and produces all forts of Fruit, but efpecially Sugar-Canes. During

the rainy Seafons the Trees flourifti moft ; after which the heat of the Sun, and ferwherefore they Dung not their Land,
tility of the Soil fpeedily ripen the Fruit

and

clayie,

but on the contrary endeavor to make it lean with Sand, ^that the Plants might not
have too many Leaves, and wither before the Fruit can be ripened. They Sowe in
the beginning of the rainy Moneths, and efpecially take care that the Seed lie not

come

too deep in the Ground, becaufe then the Sun-beams being not able to
luffer it to perifh in the

The

at

it,

cold Ground.

high Cocoa and Palmito-T recs, aretranfplanted

all

the year round, the Roots

being onely cover'd with a little Earth, becaufe they can endure no cold.
Several Trees here bear a cooling Fruit, as if kind Nature took care to provide
againft exceflive heat.

All manner of Plants and Herbs brought hither from Angola /Portugal, the Zfytberlands, and the EafiJndies, grow here very plentifully. But the Countrey generally

fome way could be found out to deftroy the innumerable company of Pifmires, which though three times bigger than the European, referable them very much, and cover the Paths in Woods and Fields for three or four
Miles together ; and railing Hillocks, make them hollow,and fill them with Corn :
in the Full of the Moon they gather an incredible quantity of Grain, which they
againft the rainy Moneths they flop
bite at each end, becaufe it fhould not fprout
up their Holes, that the Water may not damnifie their Store. But thefe Animals

would be much

better,

if

Befcription
of the Ta-

mania.

which there are two forts, the bigger

the Guaca, notwithstanding it is no bigger than an orcall'd Guaca, theleffer Miri
dinary Dog, yet it deftroys Tygers, and other wild Beafts, with fuch a raging fury,

have a mortal

Enemy of

the Tamanda, of
;

that

it

times

never
it

lets

dies of

go what once
Hunger.

hath a broad Tail

but

when he

full

it

The

hath got hold

of,

but holds

it

fa ft fo

long

till

fome-

Guaca differing from the Miri onely in bignefs,

of grey and black

Briftles,

which

goes to fleep, covers himfelf with the fame.

up when he
The Miri winds

flicks

is

vex'd,

his

long

fmooth Tail about the Boughs, by which hanging he fearches the Holes in the
Trees with his Tongue, which being thin and round, hath a Gutter in the middle,
If he perin which when it feels any Pifmires, it fuddenly iwallows them down
ceives them to have their Nefts under Ground, then he fcratches up the Earth, and
:

puts

Chap. VII.
puts his

Tongue

AMERICA.

Both the Guam and Miri have a thick Skin

and a
Breafts on each fide up half way their
Bodies and

broad black Streak from their

through the black runs alfo a white Streak. No
Beaft
for
this,
though it fafts twelve days, and is afterwards
feveral hours after.

The Lakes

in

4-81

in at the Holes.

%afih are

for the

Field, yet are exceeding full of Fifh

in the

World

hardier'than

is

flay'd alive, yet

it

will live

mbft part overgrown with Weeds juff

and Fowl. Where the Sea runs into the

like a

Lakes

great multitudes of Crabs are feen crawling along

the Ground, and the Oyfters
hang in Chillers on the Boughs of a Plant call'd Manjle
or Ungues, which grow
with their Roots either near or in the Water, in fuch a
manner, that new Bodies
ftill ihoot from the old Roots, which
prevents eafie accefs to the chief Plant

whofe uppermoft Leaves

Night, or in a cloudy

The

Plant

on

after Sun-rifing flicks

Day turns

to a brackifh

very white Salt, which in the

Dew. Moreover,

thofe places where

Srafik nfes with Hills and Mountains, are likewife very
fruitful, except the barren
tops of fome, which feem to kifs the Skyes
and though the fruitful Mountains
]
Jiourifh in the time of the rainy Months, yet
many of the

Trees which grow on

Summer, and their Aflies being burnt by the Inhabitants,
are us'd in
of Dung. Some Woods extend themfelves threchundrcd
Leagues

them

die in

ftead

in length

and are full of Trees, fo tall, that an Arrow (hot upwards

them, and a Boat may be made out of the Body, which
fifty

Men.

On

falls

fhort of the top of

can carry a hundred and

the great

Boughs of

mighty Trees grow other excrefcent

Shrubs after the manner of MilTeltoe, which proceed from
the Kernels fwallow'd
and muted upon them by the Birds that light there.
In fome places alfo grow
alfo S wcet-wood Trees, which afford either excellent
Gums or Wood to Dye with
amongft which the chief is the Ibiripitanga, which yields
the
thefe

raftk

gives

Denomination

oftitafle to this vaft

Trad

of Land.

The Tree

and fpreading, hath fad coloured Bark full of fhort Thorns

green, and differ in form but little from the
Box-Tree Leaf;
tall

Wood

that

%il

is Defcription
of the Tree

the Leaves are

Ibriptang*.

Boughs (hoot
and fweet-fmelling Flowers, which falling off
the

forth other lefTer, full of yellow

arefucceededbyaflatlongCod, of a dark grey colour, full of

little red Fulfil*
the upper part of the Tree is not good to Dye
with, but onely the lower part of
the Body, which becaufe the Tree grows far up in
the Countrey, is
not tranfport-

able without

much

trouble,

But the Tatai-iba grows

the Bark being of an Afli-colour, inverts a yellow

notch'd, the Fruit not unlike Mulberries, pale,

in the

Wood

Woods along

the Shore

the Leavesare (harp

and

juicy, and full of white Seed

the
boyl'd Dyes a pure Yellow. It is obfervable
not onely of this Tree' but
generally of the Trees of this Countrey, that
they neither rlourifh, nor fhed'their
Leaves all over at once, nor do feveral Trees of the
fame kind, and growing here
germinate or fade together; for whileft one is fullefl
of BlofToms,. the other

Wood

is

without Leaves
fide

is

and whileft the fame Tree feeds

newly Budded.
.

The European Plants and Herbs with

come to be hard and lignifi'd. There
Ground

m which they are Planted

Mi
is

its

Leaves on one

fide, the

Roots, being once Planted in

other

Zfrafik,

alfo great difference, according to the

for fuch Plants

and Trees

as in the Plains are

but imall and tender,

grow ten times higher if Planted in the Woods.

All forts of Indian Pulfe grow higher
than the tailed Trees, like high Arbors,
under which both Men and Beafts may flicker
themfelves from the Sun or Rain,
We find not upon Record or Tradition, that Profile was
ever troubled with an
Earthquake, which is thereafon that it hath
neither Silver nor Goldmines, becaufe
fulphurous Fires are found under Ground,
which are a caufe of the production of

The Tree
tatai-iba.

Gold

a h-e %J- c

Chap.

t.

VIL

that part of

Srafik
Earthquakes : yet in
Silver, fo likewife they occafion
Mines of Silver, out of whieh the Hollanders would have
call'd Ceara, there are fome
againft the Tortugueft.
not they been employ'd in the Wars

Gold and

cot greater Riches, had

the Mountains.inhabit Canibalsfit Man-eaters.

Far up into the Countrey amongft
fertile and full
that way, found the Countrey yery

The

Europeans that

firft

travell'd

by the want of
Valleys, but fomewhat incommoded
of People, efpecially in the
Heat in the Day, and of the Cold in the Night.
Wateri and the exceffivenefs of the
Brambles that they are fore d
is fo over-grown with
In fome places the Countrey
wh.ch having
fame. But there are a fort of I hiftles
to cut their way through the
Rain forthe accommodation of the Natives.
concave Leaves, receive the Dew and
theTygersare moft of all to be fear d when
Befides Serpents and Dragons,
hungry, but once

of the

Btafili-'

tins.

are eafily taken.

moft parts of $raf,le.

There are felwithout being Bald or Grey
Thlirafilians live to be very old
or any deformed People, not*
dom or never to be feen fquint.ey'd, lame, decrepid,
but thrown into cold Water as foon
withstanding the Children are never Swath'd
another, as
have a very near refemblance one with^
as born. The Men generally
and Man there,
not fuch a difference betwixt Man

Do 2 s

The Nature

fatisfi'd

Oxen, Sheep, and Horfes thrive

alfo exceedingly in

alfo the
as

Women,

fo that there

is

Sicknefs heard of in
amongft other People. Thereisfcarce any

befides

along

thefe Parts

for

Health fo long as they live. They

Life, they enjoy the benefit of
whofe Covering conwith much Bufinefs , and in one Hut,

trouble not themfelves

together.
of Palm-Leaves, dwell feveral Families
Root tiandtboka . befides which
The general Bread of the Brafims is the ftamp'd
which they
and Plants, and many times Flefli,
thev alfo eat all manner of Fruit
Firft
their Boyling is after this manner:
either eat boyl'd, broyl'd, or ftew'd
foft Wood ,
the one of hard,and the other of
thev kindle their Fire with two Sticks,
fating
and fix the fame into the foft, which
the hard they make fliarp at the end,
or elfe dry Leaves, and fo boyl
on fire they immediately lay Cotton thereupon,
but they account that better which is
call'd Cam
the Flefli in round Earthen Pots
ftew d
fifts

Their manner
i>t

Livine.

U M E%^1 C

Chap. VII.

ftew'd in a Pot, the bottom whereof

fame

is

A.

covered with Leaves, on

4J
which they lay the

on the top with Earth and Leaves, they make

Fire over it fo long till they think the Flefh to beiufficiently ftew'd. Their Broyl*
ing they perform by fixing forked Sticks into the Ground,over which they lay feveral others like a Gridiron, and upon them the raw Flefli, cut in long Slices and
Pepper'd and Salted, then make a Fire under the fame till it is enough
and their

Flefh, then flopping the

clofe

Meat

fo drefs'd keeps

good fourteen days. Their Fifh

either boyl'd or broyl'd

is

Sawce Juquitinga. The little Fifii fiaba and (piquitmga they make up
in Rolls, and lay them under hot Allies. Both with their Flefli and Fifli they eat
for Bread, as hath been faid, the Meal of the Root Mandihoka, which they taking up
with three Fingers throw into their Mouthes fo dexteroufly, that not the leaft fcrap
falls befides. They never obferve any fet hours to eat, for they make feveral Meals
in the Day, and fometimes in the middle of the Night, if their Appetite ferves,
eaten with the

and neither drink nor fpeak whileft they are at their Meat. They deep in fpread
Hammocks made faft between two Poles, near which burns a conftant Fire with

which

in the

Day-time they

the Nights being there

Their ufual Liquor

Meat, and

drefs their

fomewhat

at

Night keep themfelves

warm

cold, becaufe of their equal length with the Days.

cold Water, taken out of the Fountains, Rivers, or Brooks

but to Caroufe they make the Drink Got, of the Fruit of the Ocaiiba*Trhe, which
is

being ftamp'd in a woodden Mortar,

ftrain'd,

is

and
if

feve^

S^

Milk but
ftrong enough to make

at firft looks like

after a few days Handing turns to a darker colour, and

Aftronomers of thofe that drink largely of it, but

Their

is

long kept,

turns to be excel*

it

lent Vinegar.

They have another Drink

firft is

thus

An

old Toothlefs

Pap caXVdCaracu, which

which is- made two feveral ways

the
chews the little cut Root Aipimacaxera to a

call'd Aipu,

Woman

Pot they pour Water on the fame, and after*

wards boyling it leifurely, ftirring it all the time it ftands over the Fire. The other
way of making this Aipu, which ismuch the more cleanly, is to boyl the faid Root
folong, till it comes to be like Buttermilk, and then letting it ftand till it hath
done working, it will be no unpleafant Drink;
a

Another

fort of

fpitting in a

Drink amongft them

is

made of

their facobi,

the Fruit of the

Tree TacobebeztA facobucu befides others made of the Tree Jbatu, of Indian Barley and Mai%. Alfo their Liquor call'd Jetici is prefs'd out of fotato-Koots,
5

In like manner the Plant Nana, by the Tortuguefe call'd Ananas, makes the Drink

which is exceeding ftrong and heady, but good againft

ing, Gravel, and ftoppage of Urine, as alfo againft Poyfon.
2fynai,

The

Tapuiyans,

fur-named

Cariri,

meet

at a certain

Faintnefs,

Vomit*

time to make the Liquor

whereof each takes as. much to his Hut as falls to his fhare, and when it hath
done working, they begin in the Morning very early at the firft Houfe in the Village, and drink out every drop which they find there, and fo from Houfe to Houfe

Th>f*
'

Debo

Aipu,

till

they have drunk one another drie

;

and he

is

look'd

upon to be

Man

the beft

that hath drunk and evacuated moft.

The

Brafilians take

generally very ftrong Tobacco, which they

firft

drie in the

Sun, and afterwards before the Fire, the better to rub it in pieces Their Tobacco*
pipe is a Cane and a hollow Nut cut off at the top, and a round Hole bor'd in the
middle, into which they put the Cane. They forbear not to take Tobacco even in

Their man-ner of Taking

Tobacco.

the midft of their religious Ceremonies,

Dancing

which

are performed with Singing

and

manner
The Tajmaiyans making a round Ring at an equal diftance one from another, all
of them being ftarknaked,tie divers colour'd Plumes of Feathers en their back-fides
in this

with

Their religious Ceremonies,

Chap. VII-

m*i

with a String made

on

faft

their left Shoulders

and about

their

Waftes

about

Legs they have Cotton Garters ; each in his turn bowing to the Left,
ftretches down his left Hand to the Ground, and puts his right Hand in between the
their

Plume of Feathers, and ftamps continually with his right Foot,

whileft all the reft begin to Sing a doleful Song, which by degrees they change
into a merry one, not without fome appearance of underftanding the Art of
Mufick. Their Songs contain firft a mournful Relation of a general Deluge, which
drowned their Predeceflbrs, all but fome few, who efcap'd by climbing up high
Strings

which

tie the

Trees and Mountains

themfelves Extracted,

next the

who

Ads

of thofe old Heroes from

Dancing, and the

in a

like,

Deaths they hope to be tranflated

they boaft

Lives, or valiantly* fought for the publick

loft their

good, and were rewarded with the enjoyment of

ing, Playing,

whom

all

pleafures and Delights,of Sing-

remote Countrey, whither

Whileft they thus Sing over

after their

all their

Songs,

three Prieftsftand in the middle of the Ring, each holding the Idol Maraka (in their
left

Hand) refembling an

old Oftritch's

Egg

ftuck full of Feathers

on

the top

about their Waftes they wear a Girdle of rich Plumes, on their Heads alfo a

Crown

up his
left Leg from the Ground, whileft the other two ftanding on each fide of him, hold
in their right Hands a Pipe,out of which blowing Tobacco-fmoak in one anothers
The Dance ended,
Faces,they utter thefe words, Receive the Spirit of heroick Strength

of Feathers

the middle Prieft looks with a ftern Countenance, and holds

they Entertain their Priefts with

Meat before
Their

Arm

;.

Their

their Idol Maraka,

Arms

conlift

Meat and Drink

who

is

eight days together,

Wood, Strung with twifted Cotton

Cane Tacaara, made very fharp at the end,or

of Bowes made of hard

their

Some of the %'apuiyans

and

full

ufe great Darts,

of fharp Spikes

call'd Jatirana,

the

the

Bones of the Fifh

Iperu*

and long Clubs of black Woodj broad before,

Handles being wound about with Cotton Strings

under which hangs a Tuft of the Bird

the middle. Their

alfo put

the chief Deity they adore.

Arrows they make of the

headed with fome Beads fharp Tooth, or pointed with
Thred;

and

Trumpets,

call'd

Jrara's Feathers, as alfo

about

Qmguehoa y are the Shin-bones of Men, though

they

Chap." VL

M E%^1

*A
made of great

they have others alio

-A.

43;

and Canes. They us'd to be continually

at War one with another,which they wag'd neither for Lands nor Riches^but
either
to make themfelves eminent, and to be accounted valiant Soldiers, or mo ft efpecially for the fake of ManVflefli to feed upon, which they love beyond all things
in
Shells

the World,wherefore they fatten all their Prifoners for the (laughter. Their Battels
are always cruel, for they fight very defperately. Emanuel de Moraes relates,

That he

faw

a Brafian fight

wounded them

with three Armed Portugueses,

who

flew

him not till after he had

all three.

The Languages

of the Br aftlians are feveral> each Countrey fpeaking a peculiar

Tongue, but fo different that they cannot underftand one another. TheTabuyans
are divided into above eighty Tribes, each fpeaking a peculiar Language, which

have no refemblance one with another

neverthelefs they have a general

guage which isunderftood by moftof them.

The

Lan-

Jefuit Jofeph Jncbieta publiiliing

a Brafilian Dictionary in Conlmbrica, Anno 1595. Viewed that the fore-mention'd

Language wants the Letters /, i, /,
r, and hath no double Confonants in any

word, except mb,

nd, ng, Co that the

found of the word

falls

generally on the

laft

Vowel. The fore-mention'd Moraes wellexperienc'd in the Bra/Man Tongue, writ

an Alphabet of all the moft familiar words thereof us'd in common Difcourfe, of
which it will not be unneceiTary to give this following Extract

.."
:

A*

C.

Man,

Ba, a

alfo

Hair,

Cama, a Sucking-Breaft.

"^^Acu, the Left-hand.

Canga, a Leg.

Acuabeimae, Sweet.

Caraibebe,apiabebe,

jimaberaba, Lightning.

an Art*

gle.

Qaruca, the Evening.

Amandiba, Hail.

Capii,

Anama, a near Relation.

Capii goacu,

Anga, the Soul.

Catu, Dainty.

Lean.

Angaipata,Angty t

Cay,
or

Wic

ked.
Angaturama, Thankful,

or

Acceptable.

Grafs.

Araya,

Ibateba,

Widower.

Qg cygra,

a Ghoft.

an Aunt.

Atapuana, Light.

Coy a,

Ibitinga,

High.

the Earth.
a

Mountain,

Ibitu,

the

Wind,

leapt,

the

Dew,

Ig,

Water,

Ipeca,

Cobra, a Serpent.

Qoriba,

and

Iguaba, a

a Son.

Coemitanga, the

Grandmother.

the Heavens.

Witch.

Buttocks*

Cemiracoaobae, a

Qoaraci,

Noon.

Ibiaia,

Ibitira,

a Stool.

Ara-ibi coquime,

Tree.

Cibera, the

jip'icaba,

Day.

Iba, a

Ibi,

jipecum,

or

Jact, the Moon, or Month.

Ibatinga

Ceo , a Breaft.

Time, Skye,

an Egg.

Guirarupia,

Ceba, a Loaf,

Ceteeimibae,

Ara, the

Straw.

an Ape.

Crown.
the Tongue.

Apara, a

Woman*

Jacitata, a Star.

Amacuminga, Thunder.

jingabara,

an old

Guaibino,

Cap.

a Goofe.

Igue, the Side.

Dawn.

Rejoyce.

Ita,

Iron,

Itacira,

Twins.

a Stone*

a Spade.

Itapigua, a

Cunha, a Wife.

or

Nail.

Juba, Yellow.

Atapuatia, Swift.

Cunhaiba, a Bride.

Atucupe, the Back.

Qunumigoacu, a Youth.

SMaupiara, the Gall.

Atyba, the Shoulder.

Cunumi, a Boy.

Mbabeaubera, Sick.

Ay

cig,

Mother.

'Ayura, the

'

Neck.
B#

E.
Ecatuaba, the right

Eyruba, a Bee*

G.

Boya, a Slave*

M.

Gib a, an

Arm.

Mbiu, Meat.

Hand.

Mbb, a Hand.
Membeca, Softly*
Menearaa, a

Wedding,

Micu, a Toe,

The
ges

LariguS*
of the

Brajilians.

Ml

a M E %:l C

48 6

S^ofg,

Marmot ar a, Angry,

Sifters Teindira.

Xdgic*, a Vein.

Tigue y the Belly.

T^gi, Blood.

Tanra

the Heart.

or Membira

of thefe words

Opacatumba, the World.

is

Tiqueperg, the Guts.

The

Daughter.

O.

firft

Tinga, White.

us'd

Tipiba,

by the Fathers, and the

other by the Mothers.

P.
(potia,

Brothers their younger

T.

ft.

the Bread.

younger

their

Brothers Quibira, and

Cold.

Muapendaba, a Joint.

7SLbia

name

R.

Mita, the Heel.

MocUj an Eel.

if.

Melancholly.

Tiquera, eld eft Sifter.

Tiquiera, eld eft Brother.

<Paranga, Fair.

Taira, Children, or a Son.

Tuba y Parents.

(Porerobiara, Faithful.

Tamua, a Grandfather.

Tutira, Father's Brother.

Tata y Fire.

Tubei-ima

(porucuicobora,

Totm

Poor.

Man or Woman.

TemericOy

a Foot.

<Pi,

Tuibaem, an old

Tecoateima, Covetoufncfs.

foxi y Ugly.

an

Hoipita!

Boy.

Tecoacu y Luck.

Duck.

3l
y

Tupana,

Man.

God.

(Pw, the Liver.

Tendiba, a Chin.

Ty y

fira, Fifli, or a Skin.

Tendi, Spittle.

Tyuris, the Bladder.

<Piquiira

Younger

in

(P\t<xnga

Tete y a

<Pua y a Finger.

*PrVd, the

Uba y the Hip.

Unbapuapem, a Nail.

Body.
Y.

Tiaya, Sweet.

Thumb.

(pua'guacu, a

U.
1

Wholfonr.

Tema, a Shin-bone.

a Child.

a Knee.

Tendipia,

Tecobecatu,

years.

Pifs.

Younger

Tthira,

Navel.

Yja y

for fo

a Fountain.

Puou Long.

the Brothers call one

Ymeneoba, a

Widow.

futuma, the Night.

another, but the Sifters

Yyaobuamba,

Naked.

The Words
A.

A
*

!Bi,

jfcanhem,
Jcoy,

Calling, or

Capucaya,

Hoping.

Qaronty

die.

Caruca, Piffing.

Genonheca } Praying.'

Cecaraya, Forgetting.

Ami, Squeezing.

Cema,

^motareima y Hating.

Cenduba, Hearing.

Jnduba, Opinion.

Cenoya,

Naming.

Anguipaba, Sinning.

Cepiaca,

Seeing,

on.

Shaving.

Going

Goameenga y Biting.

Guapua y Sitting.

out.

Guata y Walking.
Gueetia,

Vomiting.

Punifh-

I.

To run away.
Jecoacuba To remember.

Jababq,

ment.
Cerura,

To be able.
G.

Jei y Miffing.

Aplnctj

Cuu, Defending,

EcatUj

Loving.

Cauccuba,

Covering.

To put

Coming.

jibba mandeba,

To

be vex'd.

Erring.

**Abicpui y

for Action, are thefe following

Carrying.

Cetuna, Smelling.

Jenumu?ia y Spitting.

Jroca, a Leflon.

Ceyara, Relating.

Jerure,

Ayaima, Feigning.

Oca, Ploughing.

Igtaba,

Apition,

Binding.

B.
Beraba, Shining.

C
Coanga,

ving,

Meafuring, Proor

Speaking.

Cipydy

Making

wet.

Ciquye, Fearing.

Meeting.

Coquendaboya,

Drinking.

M.
Maenduara, Thinking.

0, Going.
Cobaitim,

Igu y

Demanding.
Swimming,

Opening.

Cacaba^ Paffing by.

Cuabdy Knowing.

ae y Curing.

Qipi /a 7

Performing.

Mano $ Dying.
Maramonhanga, Warring.
Mayaoca, Dividing.

Mba-eraca y Buying.
Mbacitj

M E^l c

Gliap. VII.

*A

jSacu, Eating.

Monbanga, Doing.

Torara,

Meenga, Delivering.

Moperua, Being cold.

(pQtdreimdy Refilling.

Menbirara, Barring.

Mopotaya, Buttoning.

Totard, Defiling.

Moaibaba, Bewitching, or

Moribciy

Confenting.

Monguebd, Putting out.

Moanga, Thinking.

Making

j-

Tardy Uling.

NheangerUy Sighing,

Mobibudy Sowing.
Moete, Prailing

Tuca, Laughing.

N.

wet.

Lying^

Commanding,'

Tuaydy

Mixing.

Moeyecedrd y

487

Tuama. Riling.

Mbropiana, Changing.

Preventing.

Moaquima,

A.

Ho^

or

(herd, Sleeping.

Nbeengdy Speaking.

Waking.
R.

Querdrdy

Nbemboe, Learning.

noting.

Moendi, Setting

on

Nbengara> Singing.

%abdy Untying.

fire.

Boy ling.

Mogibd,

P.

Mogyco, Polifiiing.

Anfwering.

Tdepud,

Motniya,

Moving.

tpdrdbocdy

}fomita y

Lodging.

<Parondubdy

Delivering of a

Jrfonbeu,

Titu,

To

Monbuja, Boring.

Vitiboy

way, or

cleave

T.
Tdrdy Catching.

Tigulocdy Bleeding^
call off.

Tky Difgracing.
Tima,

Helping,

Todcemdy

Mourning.

Y.

*Poctidbdy

Monguy, Grinding.

fpocducubdy

Monguya,

Making loofe.

Torabiqui,

YdceOy

To ufe.

Mondoropa, Breaking.

War^

zing, or Burying.

Tobdndy Spinning.

der.

Ploughing,
1

Anointing.

Aittibd,

afun*

Tecobe, Living.

Remaining.

Titerd, Killing.

cut, take a-

Coming.

Enquiring.

M)nbuca,To bore through.

To

%urdy

Chufing,

Titdngd rempi,

MefTage.

Mondoca,

Ted, Abftaining.

Monberaba, Bruiting.

Having.

Qo-ecoy

Crying.

Yedobocdy

Dreaming.
Working.

Yeupira,

Pulling

off.

Climbing.

Yucdy Killing.

Thefe are of the moitufual words of the general Language in Bra/iIe, befides
which every diftincl: Tribe orDivilion of People hath its peculiar Tongue, as hath
been

faid,

mod eminent

of which the chiefell and

are the Tupinambu, Tabdiaras,

Totigi'igMrdSy Marhuites, Wdimoores y Tomonimenos , Wdltnqua^es, Wainajjes, Topinaques, To*

ries,

all

MolopdqueSy MotdiaSy 'Biherosy WdlnawdfonSy Tdmoies p Tocomansy

which the Tupinambu

are the

moll comely, efpecially

their

and the

Women

cording to the teftimony of the aforefaid Ema?iuelMoraes, an Eye-witnefs)

Carious

which

of

(ac-

may Hand

with the European Beauties. Thefe Women accompany their Husbands when they go into the Wars, and carry their Provilions, efpecially ftore of
Tobacco. In the Lips both of the Men and Women hang little Stones. The Men
in competition

take as

many Wives

as they pleafe

tion'd Nations, there

The

is

fcarce

any

and amongft the generality of the foreraen-

figti

Tobards zvq accounted the bell

of Religion to be difcern'd.

Horfemen

the Totiguiguaras exceed all the other Brafilians

Singers in a
celfors

Row, which

, 1

but in Singing and Difcourfe,

They

place twenty or thirty

JJfjJf^*'
igmras

'

obferving Time, Sing the Tranfactions of their Prede*

with good Voices,

The

Waimoores are a

Urong People

that inhabit the large Tract of Land between

and Ijleos, and having well timbered Bodies, can keep pace with a Horfe running full fpeed. Five^r fix of them often fet upon a Sugar-Mill, though a hun*
-Bahia

dred

Men be at work

they

lie like

Beafts

They are all over bedaub'd with Dirt, becaufc

Ground They wear long Hair, and have no certain

in the

on the

fame

Abodes.

The

The

mimw

Ml

The

toniQi

tne ties*

The

M E %^I C

Tomonimenos, living about Spirito Santo, are

Chap. VII.

A.

more

civilis'd

they

make Walls

of Stone about their Huts ; and thefe Walls ate full of Holes, through which they
{hoot Arrows at thofe that Invade them j their Bodies are Painted red and black,

and cover'd with Feathers. The Tortuguefe taking fixteen thoufand of them Prifoners at orrce,kill'd mo.ft of them, and deftroy'd the Countrey all along the River
(Faraiva,

At

The Wait a

the South and

North Point of

Cape Frio dwell the Waitacpua^es, bigger

and

quakes.

ftronger than the Waimoores

Fire, hold all

and they alfo

People for their Enemies, and their

The Women Arm'd with Bowes and Arrows

Tae'Wainaf'

Jes.

The Defcription of the

Plant Vruca.

Hogs on

fleep like

Flefli

Ground about a

the

for the greater! Dainty.

by their Husbands in Battel.

Onlfla Grande refide the Wai?iajfes, a little People, which have very long Bellies,
go ftark naked, (have the Crown of their Heads, and let the other part of their
Hair hang down long on their Shoulders, The Women, which are of grofs Bodies, colour themfelves Red%ith Vruca, which is a wild Plant, but much us'd amongft them : the Kernels are inclos'd in Husks full of red Fibres. Thefe Kernels
ftand

are not onely mix'd with the other Ingredients of the Qbocaletta Drink,but alfo us'd

to

Dye

like the

the

of a red Colour

Hazle

The Wood

of this Plant

is

very white,and the Bark grey,

the Leaves being of a deep Green, refemble a

Boughs grow

Heart

feveral BloiToms, each as big as a Rofe, confuting

at the

end of

of five Leaves,

parly red and partly white, in the middle whereof are yellowifh Threds with pur*
pie Points,

which give

little

or no fmell

after the

Flower follows

the, Fruit,

two

grows (till redder and redder, each Cod

containing thirty or forty round Kernels, which being touched leave a red tincture
upon the Fingers i the Cod when ripe opens of it felf, and fhews the Kernels
ipeckled white, which dry'd, pounded, and mix'd with Pifs, Dye fo ftrong a Red,
that Linnert dipt into the fame will never receive any other Colour,
This Root
Fingers long

when

it

begins to be ripe

it

makes it not onely red, but gives it a pleafant tafte.

which dwell about St. Vincent, are a ftrong and grofs People, ^o

alfo boyl'd in Broth,

The

The Topinn

Topinaques,

fues.

ftark

naked both

Men

and

Women

when

they

kill

Paint themfelves with the Fruit Janipano, put a great

any of their Enemies they

Plume of

Feathers

on

their

Head, and two Sticks in their Mouths, Dancing with ftrange motions of the Body,
inclining fometimes towards the right, and fometimes towards the left fide, for
three

day together

Women, who

during which time they drink a

tie

hangs below their Backs

Pories.

The Mountains
the

(Pories,

kind of Liquor.

The

have well proportion'd Bodies, onely covering their Heads with a

Cap, about which they

The

filthy

a bread of Hair, to which a fquare Basket being faftned,

when

they travel.

along the Ocean, which inclofe

much Gold,

are inhabited

a peaceable People, molefting none of their Neighbors

by

they fleep in

Nets of Flags, and have no other Houfes than three Poles placed triangular, and
covered with Palm-Leaves
Shells like a Walnut,
The Molopt'

Along

they feed on Pine=Nuts and

and have

Eyrires,

Apples that have

alfo the precious BalfairuOyl in great

the River Taradiva inhabit the Molopaques

quts.

the

timbered, have Beards long enough to cover their Privities.

modeft, prudent, and never laughing,

tic their

Men

abundance.

ftrong and well

The Women alfo

fair,

Hair, painted with feveral colours,

Middle with a Cord, fo that it ferves in ftead of an Apron. They

obferve a fet-hour for Dinner and Supper, which is not us'd by any other <Brafriians.
The Mountains in thefe Parts confiding of a black Mold, have plenty of
Gold, but it is of no efteem or regard amongft them, onely that which is wafh'd

round about

their

down by the Rain

hang

their

they gather up, but put to no other ufe than to

make Hooks

to

Nets on.

The

Chap.

The

VL

M E%^I

zA

C A.

low Stature and brown Complexion, (have off the Hair ffc^-gw
of their Heads, or elfe pluck it up by the Roots they are eaters of Man's-flefli.
Not far from whofe Dominions appear the Mountains Pinos up in the Countrey, which abounding with Gold and Precious Stones, are inhabited by the BiheMotayas, being of a

rtis,

otherwife call'd Lopos, which live under the Trees like Beafts.

The

Waidnai^afons

have

little

Villages, built along a namelefs River

thev are a

The

w*

ia**-

Gigantick People, but very ignorant.

Thirteen Portuguefe undertaking fome years

Countrey to the South Sea, found on fome Mountains

ago to travel through this

abundance of Gold and Precious Stones

and amongft many ftrange things they

few a Cryftal Mountain ten days before they came near it, over which they could
not travel becaufe of its fteepnefs at the foot thereof fprung a broad Stream, making a great noife. From thence travelling forward, they came to the Tamoyes
;

Countrey, the
thers

on

their

Men whereof, being well proportioned, wore great Bunches of FeaHeads

The Women, exceeding fair, had carv'd Breads. The faid
:

Portuguefe being taken here,were put into Prifon,and all flain

who

one,

Ths r*"*j**

efcap'd after this

manner

and eaten, excepting

Thirty thoufand Tamoyes falling into the

Countrey of the Amazons, by the Americans call'd Mandiocuyfyams, made a great Feaft
with three hundred of them, whileft the reft fled to the River La Tlata, where they
got help from the Portuguefe, who kuTd ten thoufand of the Tamoyes, made the reft
Slaves, and releas'd their imprifon'd Countreyman.

The tocomans, a little People, dwell between La Plata and

The Caryogs poiTefs much Gold and Precious Stones.

The Maraquites,

by theWeftern

Indians

fur*named

Cm yogs, and
Af.naquites.

Tapuiyers, that

are divided into feventy fix forts, all differing in their Languages

the chiefeft are the Arodera 3 Qajau, Maquaru, and Poyme, which

Th? Tocomans

St. Vincent,

is,

Wild People,

amongft which

all live

without

Law,

Religion, fetled Abodes, or Friendfhip with any Neighbors

and the Women
;
Fight as well as the Men. Jacob P^bbi, who dwelt a confiderable time, and convers'd
[[

amongft

thefe People, defcribes their

Cuftoms thus
Their King Jandui,fu*named Otjhicayayna, from the River which flows through
:

Zz

the

im *'1

S-

mi

\9
u

M E%^I C

Chap. VII

J.

be publifh'd through the

of the Enemy, whither he will go the next Morning, and what

the Countrey of the Tapujans, caufes (if he thinks

fit)

to

whole Camp
a he will do all the.Day following, havmg firft confulted with his Council of
ci
Sorcerers. Before they march they wafh their Bodies in the River 5 rub them*
c
felves all over with Sand, and afterwards wafh it off again, then ftretch them<} felves till all their Joynts crack, run to the Fire, and when throughly warm,
ci
fcratch their Bodies with certain Fifli-Teeth, infomuch that the Blood guflies
i
out of feveral places, all which they judge to be good againft wearifomnefs.
tl
About a Stones-caft from the King's Tent lie two thick Logs, a large Stride one
<c
from the other, againft which the whole Multitude (land divided into two Par" ties, each of whom chufe the ftrongeft Man accounted amongft them to carry

4C

the

Wager, and when thefe two are tir'd, they are releas'd by others,
and he that comes laft to the appointed place with the Log, is laugh'd at by the
a Party to which he belong'd that was there firft, where they all flay for the Youths

"theLogfor

<.:

that bring their

down

Arms, which when they have

deliver'd, they all fall to

Trees, breaking off the Boughs, flicking them in

fC

cutting

it

tying

cc

another, leaving a broad Path between.

<e

coming with

them together on
their

the top for Tents,

Baggage, the

Men

which are

Mean

built in

while the

work,
the Ground, and

rows one

Women

againft

and Children

run to Fifh and Hunt, or to feek Honey.

" The old Women dig up Roots, which flamp'd fervethem for Bread, whileft the
cc
young Women help one another to prepare the Meat in the Huts. Moreover the
" Menfpend their time in feveral Exercifes, as Wreftlingand Running, of which

two Women, appointed for that purpofe, are the Judges. When the Evening
cl
drawson upon them, then the Youths dividing themfelves into Companies, go
" Singing from one Tent to another, and are followed by the Maids Dancing and
I
Leaping, every one ftanding behind him whom (Tie loves beft and this is look'd
<c
upon as a lingular fign of affection. When a young Man is in-clin'd to Marry,
cc
he carries Honey and Venifon to his Miftrefles Father, who if he hath more than
il

one Daughter acquaints the Soothfayers with it, who inform the King concern*
" ing it j he then caufes all the young Men and Maids to be call'd together out of
cc

"
it
ti

Camp,

them

Woods

fends

into the

to

" and throw to the Dogs, and give the

li

11

Hunt out

which they no
fooner fee, but they return and acquaint the Multitude therewith, who immediately furrounding the Place, foon catch the Beaft, whofe Entrails they pull out
the

when
eaten

ready they
;

make merry

Flefli to

a wild Beaft,

the

with, Singing and

Women
Dancing

to roaft,

which

after they

have

then if the Youth hath behav'd himfelf well in purfuing of the wild

u Beaft, the King grants him the Maid which he defires for his Wife
Four days
u before the Wedding they bore a Hole through each of the Bridegrooms Cheeks
" with a fharp piece of Wood, which done they folemnize the Marriage at which
:

(t

after Dinthe King himfelf diftributes the Meat to every Gueft as he thinks fit
u nerthey extol the Mothers Care, in preferving her Daughters Virginity for the
a Bridegroom in ftrange Songs. If a Maid be Marriageable, and no Suitor comes
" to her, then the Mother draws red Strokes under her Eyes, and conducts her to
<c
the King, who fets the Maid down by him on a Mat, warms his Hands againft
cl
the Fire, then ftroaks himfelf and the Maid, and alfo blows Tobacco-Smoak on
tc
her and himfelf, which done, he performs the part of a Husband with her. But
" their making Holes through their ^ars and Lips is done whileft they are Chil" dren, after this manner
The Boys who undergo this Ceremony, come to the
11
Place appointed, where the whole Multitude Dance and Sing, and the ConjuCf
rers (who are the onely Prieftsthey have) fit in two rows oppofite to one ano*
j

(C

ther

'*A

Chap. VII.

M E%,LC A

4?*

them parting up, takes a Boy by the Head, ties him Hand and Foot
fecond Sorcerer comes to his afliftance,
he cannot ftir at all which done, a

ther. one of

" that

and with

the

a fharp-pointed Stick bores Holes

Mother of

Boy makes

the

his Ears

through

a fad Lamentation.

Women

and Lips, whileft

refufe to

have any

Husbands as foon as they perceive themfelves to be with

$ familiarity with their
fhe runs into a neighboring
"Child- and as foon as any Woman is Deliver'd,
Shell (he cuts off the Childs Navel, which boyling fhe eats
I* Wood,' where with a
the Child every Morning and
<<
with the After-birth then waflies her felf and
" Evening in cold Water as long as fhe gives Suck her Husband lies not with
Woman commit Adultery,
"her unlefs it be a Man that hath but one Wife. Ifa
" her Husband beats her out of his Houfe, but if he takes her in the Aft, it is law ful for him to kill both. In the middle of the King's Tent (lands a great Calabafh
" full of Stones cali'd fybnturab, cover'd with the corner of a Mat, which none
it be to fmoak she fame with
P dares approach without the King s leave, unlefs
" Tobacco, or to lay Venifon or*Honey before it.
.

It is alfo

remarkable

how

the Sorcerers deal with their Sick

the

a&Miid Jacoh

Jjy^

That the King Qrarugh being extreamly troubled

(Rabbi an Eye-witnefs relates,
help amongfthis Sorcerers, who
pains in his Sides and Legs, and finding no

^^
*w-

with

King of the T*/>ja?M, where three

pretended to be Phyficians,went to the neighboring
One of them blew Tomanner
undertook to cure him, which they did after this
:

Lyon, and after much

bacco-fmoak on his Body, fuck'd his Knees, roar'd like a
he pretended had put the King to
ado vomited a little Eel into his Hand, which
exceedingly, and
much pain; whileft the fecond fuck'd his Belly, and alfo roar'd
fo

a Rofe^ the third fuck'd his left

vomited forth at laft a Stone, on which appear'd
a Root ; after which the King is faid immeSide, till he vomited fomething like

diately to have recover'd.

thc7apuyans,ondy gffjijg
There is but little Ceremony of Religion to be found amongrt
oftheStars
when the Fruits of the Field are ripe, after
'they fhew Reverence to the Seveivftars
three days in Dancing and Singing, then the Youths
this manner : Firft they fpend
-

tie tough Twigs about their

prepare themfelves to Fight with Lances and Clubs,
behind in Knots after it is pow*
Legs, pour Honey on their Heads, tie their Hair
Powder, Paint their Faces and Bodies with feverai Colours, flick a

der'd with red

long Feather

in their

Necks betwixt

and on

their Hair,

their

Heads

fet

Garlands of

Backs hang Bundles of Branches like Tails, and

thus drefs'd they
Bird %p{etug
have their Arms adorn d with the Wings of the
Conquerors (hew great joy.
fight three days, at the end whereof the
relates of them
fpecial obfervation what the Learned Gerard Voftus

red Feathers pleited,

down

their

It

from

deferves
the

Mouth

of

Chriftofher Jrcijfemky, a foliJJ)

Nobleman, famous

Exploits for the United Netherlands in Brafile

<c
The Tapuyam (faith he) are a People that range up and
n

*-

for his heroick

down, never
^

r *

flaying
-'

and Meranthon, a vaft Trad of Land, and go al.

(light Covering about their Middle. When the BoU
thereof, and after
"landers gave them Clothes, they admir'd the ftrange Fafhion
" two days returnd them again
In their Lips, Nollrils, Ears and Cheeks they
" hung Ornamentals of Wood, Bones, Feathers, or Stones a great Club, and a
they
"
Bowe made of hard Wood ferve them for Arms ; Gold and Silver

long in one place, between

moft naked, having onely a

Siara

ftrong

"

efleem'd not, wherefore they bartered whole Chefts

full

(buried there by the Per*

They judge
and difcover'd by them) with the Hollanders for Greyhounds
not the Flefh of
"themfelves to be better than other Man-eaters, becaufe they eat
and thofe neither killM in the Wars,
their Enemies, but of their own Relations,
c

tuguefe

<

Z 2

;
the

Manners
the

new

*
Married.

,l

zA

9%

nor dying

"

a natural

Death

who

to the Deceafed,

elfe

J.

Chap. VII.

by which they pretend to exprefs their exceeding

love
would, fay they, be eaten by the Worms
and

"wherefore they rather chufe to

cc

M E %IC

rot-

eat

them, that they

may receive

the nourishment

themfelves.

The fame Author relates alfo, That

he faw a Tapuyan yield up the Ghoft

not far
from the Cattle %io Grande,* afar which his neareft Relations
taking the Body
wafli'dthe fame, together with the Entrails, and cutting
the

Corps into feverai

fame on a Spit, preferving the Fat that dropt
from it 'in Pans
and eat the Flefli with a greedy Appetite. None were
admitted to this Feaft but
his chief Relations
and that which they could not eat, as the Hair,
Teeth, Nails
and Bones, they burnt to Attics, which gathering up they
mix'd with their Liquor
*
till it was all drunk up.
pieces, roafted the

Tllc Tafuyans acknowledge

c?^7$:.

two

Deities, the one

good and the other bad

to

good they (hew no Reverence, becaufe, fay they, he is

bountiful of himfelf, and
doth them no hurt whereas on the contrary they
zealoufly call upon their
the

H<

Their

fore-

telling

of

things to
circle.

DevilDeity ,becaufe they think he deftroys all thofe who

worfhip him not.
They never Travel nor go to War before they have confulted
with their angry
God, and that not without great Ceremonies whereupon
they afcribe to them;
felves the knowledge of future things
and indeed they often foretel future things
which are beyond humane apprehenfion as a teftimony
whereof that may
.

which Sapo Jmama, aFriezland Gentleman, found by

experience
Guard before Conjabu with a Troop of Horfe againft the

ferve

for he keeping

Tortuguefe, had feverai tI

fuyms in his Service, who foretold, That the following day the
Lieutenant
and a Trooper fhould be kill'd by a Shot from a great
Gun which,thouoh flighted
was confirmed by the exafl fulfilling of the Prediction.

^m*

The like Paffages hapned

and amongfl many Jrcijfeusky relates one very
remarkable Accident viz.
remov'd a considerable number of Men out of the
Garrifim
Grande,

daily,

He

to fur-

prize the Spanijh Fort Sarra-Qtnium, and

nothing could more promote the Defign
than fecrecy but fifty Tapuyans having joyn'd
with the Hollanders, Jraffemhy feared
.

they

CMp.

*A

VII.

M.E%_I

'

A.
45>3

they might, diftover. his Plot, wherefore he charg'd them

that they fliould not ft.
:ir *
a
foot from his Company, which they accordingly promis'd,
and having march'd
three days through By-ways, they daily perform'd their

Devotion

and

Arciffeusky defir'd that they

would

call

they granted, on promife that he fliould

in

open yicw

him when their Devil appear'd, which

not do him any hurt
On the third day
:

Army

the

being fufficiently

he being call'd, found the Tapuyans

fitting in
a Semi.Circle, with, their Feet fpread afunder
oppofite to them fat their
refrefli'd,

on

the

Ground,

whom

Pried

they ask'd concerning

all manner of Affairs, and

he queftion'd them again* On which they gave their feveral Anfwers,
but could not be underftood for want of Interpreters,for thofe whom the Hollanders
nsd fpake only two

Languages, one of which

usM commonly by the 'Brafiliam along the

Sea-Coaft
and the other by the Qortuguefe, in which they Interpreted to the
Hollanders as much
as po/fibly they could underftand of what the Tapuyans
faid, whofe Language differs very much from the vulgar <Brafie Tongue, becaufe
they live up in the Inland,
and^re divided into divers Tribes, fo that the Interpreters could
is

not underftand

the Tapuyans, but judg'd their

meaning more by nodding of the Head, and the

like
figns: after the AlTemWy had done fpeaking, the Prieft
rofe up and went out of
their fights into the Wo1$d, where with a loud voice he
call'd three times upon
the

Devil; but

not anfwerin| ? the Prieft returned to his Company,

who began
their Queftions and Anfwers afreffi, which could not
be underftood by the Interpreters j and foon after the Prieft (feeming to be
commanded by the reft) went
|gain to the Wood, but calling fiill in vain, return'd then going'a
third
he'

time, and
was by a fmall, but flirill Voice, anfwer'd from the
middle of
the Wood, from which the Tapuyans concluded that their
Bufinefs would
-

calling as before,

come

perfection, and that the Devil

would foon appear

to

to

them: The

Prieft hereuDon
going backwards and forwards three times one after another to
his Company^
they began to talk as before
at laft going into the Wood again, they
all fpoke
louder, and with more vehemency than before^ w%ileft the
fore-mention'd flirill
Voice approached nearer and nearer,and at laft the fuppofed Damon came
forth with
the Prieft, who commanded him to fit oppofite to the
Congregation, which had
a great deal of Difcourfe, and fometimes the Prieft fpeaking
was'anfwer'd by

the Devil in his

flirill

Voice; but fome of the People

calling aloud, catch'd up

Arms, and threatned to beat the Devil, as they often us'd to do upon
the like
occafions. At the departure of the Damon, the Multitude
conduced by the Prieft
their

into the
ders,

Wood,

who

cry'd out in fo terrible a manner, that they affrighted

the Hollanjudg'd it rather to be Lyons and Tygers that roar'd than
Men.

During
Rere quitted his Arms and fled, but
being mifs'd was purfu'd, found in a Hedge, and laid Hold on as a
Perfon fufpeded
to carry Advice to the Spaniards, and being brought
before Arciffemky and Examined, gave fuch ridiculous Anfwers as increased the fufpicion,
infomuch that he
was led to a Tree to be tortur'd where as he ftood ty.'d he folemnly declared,
That
the reafon of his running away, was becaufe he had not
Pray'd in ten years, fo thaihe was exceedingly afraid, left when he faw the Devil amongft
the
thefe Tranfaclrions, a German Soldier in the

Tapuyans, he

would have known him, and

carry'd

him away

to the Place prcpar'd for all fuch

Wretches.

The Learned

Gerard Voftws

made

a particulat Enquiry after this Story, whether The Im P

""*
the Spirit's appearance were a Reality, or an Impofture
and
is it was no
the
truth
5
better than a fubtile Cheat, and fo it was apprehended by
who
Arciffemky,

not long

on a convenient time, ask'd the Tapuyans why they feign'd him to be a Devil
that Was a Man, whom he had often feen before f
which they denying, affirm'd
after,

Z 'i

that

494-

AMERICA.

Chap. VII.

but Arcijfcwky knew their pretended Friend, who fpake fo

he held in his Mouth. However, though
drill by reafon of a Grafs.blade which
yet the Devil without doubt play'd his
the main pf the Fable was afted by Man,
Predictions, which no Man could poflibly
part with them, as appear'd by thofe
the lofs but of three Men fall inknow, ViK; That the fortuguefe Fort fhould with
accordingly it hapned. But becaufe the Devil canto the Hollanders hands for fo

that

was

it

a teal Devil

not forefee

therefore they often erre

all things,

for they faid that the Hollanders

together in ftcad of a Bridge, and that the

fhould crofs the Moat on Boards nail'd
had refolv'd fo to do, but
Enemy fhould not perceive it and indeed Amjfemky
with great Guns, which.
was difcover'd by the Poriuguefe, who defended themfelves
and never
Tapuyans, not us'd to fuch a noife, that they ran away
.

io affrighted the

return d, fo that by
^

Morning

the Fort

was conquer'd, and

all things quieted.

and
which

Ships in the River Monguoafe,

After this Jrcijfeushy burnt feveral Portuguese

with Sugar and Sfanijh Wine

kept one,carrying ten Demi^Culverins, laden
requir'd the Tapuyans affiftance
to a fafe Harbor a fhort Way, he
.

to carry

but

would perifh by fome or other unfortuthey refus'd to enter, pretending the Ship
they had faid for the Ship was fplit
nate Accident, which accordingly hapned as
-

againft a

in the

Mouth of a narrow Haven, infomuch that nothing of it was

Tapuyans knew beforehand by the Devil's information, for they

which the
they have confulted with him,
never'go upon any Bufinefs of confequence before
fecure this Devil of theirs
and done him worfiiip. Yet, it feems, they cannot
Story
A Tapuyan Prie
from the Stripes of a Mortal, as appears by this pleafant
the Devil fhould pull the
was promis'd a Shirt from Jrcijfeusky, upon condition
fav'd

Rock

all

pkafant

Story

tween iSr-

%$^

The Tafuyan liking the Propofal,

fame out of his Hand and carry it up in the Air
defii'd leave to Drub
promis'd immediately to call the Devil ; but when Arcijfemky
no means perfwade
him with a Stick which he had in his Hand, he could by
and to carry
every one began to laugh
the Prieft to call for his V&mon 5 at which
I will Jhev you that I am
on the Mirth farther, Jrciffeusky Joking with the Prieft, faid,
it about by my Art, that great Horns frail
a greater Artifi than you, for to Mono** 1 will bring
which fo afHead, [o big, that you jh all not be able to paj? fhefe Doors
:

PrKft
-

gro-v, on your

frighted the Tapuyans, that all of

them

onely the Prieft returned the next day

fled,

ufe him mercifully,

with an Interpreter to Arcijfemky, deilring him that he would
and not caufe any Horns to grow on his Head.
they were GoAt the time when Jacob %abbi convers'd amongft the Tapuyans,

of above a hundred years old, whofe chief Seat was on

in which none
each fide of the River Otfchunogh, and round about the Lake Igtug,
fame.
durft Swim, becaufe of the many biting Fifhes in the
having entred into a ftrid League with Janduy, Warr'd con-

Man

verned by Janduy, a

The King Pritigaba

and Dremenige and had

tinually againft the Kings Arygpoygh, IVanafewafug, Tfhering,
them againft the HoU
not the <Portuguefe taken the four laft into their Service to aid

by Janduy, who
they could never have held out long againft the Forces fent
with j for they murther
deftroy'd Man, Beaft, and Houfes,fparing nothing they met
landers

and deftroy
Brajile

by

wh

3?fc^'

The

all

things

feveral

where e're they come.

Nations that

now

poftefs IBrafile, befides its native Inhabitants, are

fortuguefe, Englifb, Hollanders, Germans,

Name
the

French,

which

the Brafiiians by a general

other wife they call all Strangers Caraiba or Tero. But from
of feveral Nations proceeds a fifth fort, for one that is born of Eu-

call Ajuru-juba

commixing

and

of an European Father and 'Brafiian Mo*

of a Qraftlian and Moor,
of an European Father and a Moor, Mulatto
ther, Mameluc
of two Tiegro's, Criolo. But above all others the Portuguefe are
Curiboca, or Cabocks
ropean

Parents in

(Braftle is call'd

Mo^ombo

the

chap,

vil

America..

the ftrongeft along the Sea-Coaft,

found great

refiftance

who when

firft

they began to

and had not the Natives been

they could never have got fo

49?

much footing, but now

fettle

on

Brafik t

Wars amongft themfelves,

at

they are fufficiently Matters

for they have either {lain all the old Inhabitants, or driven

them up into the Inland :

However, the (Braftlians are fo valiant, that they will Encounter a great Army, being brought up in the Wars from their Cradle. When they Engage one with another they fhoot their Arrows exceeding thick, Hooting, Hollowing, and Leaping
from one fide to the other to fliun the Arrows with a wonderful dexterity The
Conquerors fpare none, but kill all, and Feaft on the (lain Bodies but fome they
hale away Prifoners with a Rope about their Necks, to each of whom they allot
:

a young Maid,

who

which they make

firft fill'd their

cherimes and fattens them up for

a great Feaft,and drink to a pitch

Bellies

with the Flefh of the

five

Moneths,

at the

end of

beyond Senfe or Reafon, having

(lain Prifoners roafted.

If the

Woman

be got with Child by the Slain, they imagine that they can take no greater revenge
of their Enemy, than to devour the Child as foon as it comes into the World but
5

it

often happens, that the

away with him, and

Woman

really loving her

fo bereaves her Friends

Sect.
St.

THe

Husband

the Prifoner, runs

of a Banquet.

II.

Vincent.

Wars which the Portuguefe have maintain'd againft the Brafilians, have hindred them from Setling any where but along the Sea-fide,
where their Refidences are divided into thirteen Prefectures or Lordfhips,
continual

by them call'd Capitanias the Southermoft whereof being i. St. Vincent, h&th a City Places of note
the Trgft$
of the fame Denomination, which lies near a River that coming out of the Ocean in
dure of St.
Vincent.
runs round in the Countrey, and fo returns into the Sea.
2. Santloslos Ley es, which reckons four hundred Houfes and three Sugar-Mills.
Here great Ships take in their Lading in the middle of the City.
Twelve
3. Hitauhacin, the moft Southern, is inhabited by the Portuguese*
Leagues from thence up into the Countrey the Jefuits have built the Village
St. Paulo, near the Gold-Mines that lie in the Mountains, extending from Eaft to
Weft thirty Leagues. This Village, long fince containing eighty Houfes, is inha*
bited by Brajilians and a mix'd People
the Way thither is troublefom, over rough
Mountains, and Ways overgrown with Brambles.
On the Ifland (Britioga, at a fandy Inlet which makes a good Harbor, lies a Fort
for defence of the Haven St. Vincent
and fince the Englifl?, Anno 1582. funk a Ship
there, a fecond Fort hath been built to prevent the coming in up the River- yet
notwithstanding Captain Thomw CandiJJ? ran by both the Forts, and burnt St.Vmce?it y
;

but fpar'd

Sanclos.

Before the River which wafhes

St. Vincent,

appears the Ifland Sebaflian, pretty

wooddy, and well ftor'd with Venifon 5 It hath wholfom Water, good Her*
bage, and a fecure Road for Ships againft all Winds.

large,

Farther into the Sea appears the high and rocky

des Bufiresy Porto des Caflellanos, SMonte de Frigo, Muella,

The

Natives of

Ifles

Jkatraces, as alfo fitlorio

and Queimadas.

which are in League with the Portuguefe $ are call'd

Tupinikinfi inhabiting the Mountains which extend above twenty eight Leagues up
into the Countrey
They maintain continual Wars againft the Qarioes, a civiliz'd
People, and white of Complexion, as alfo againft the CttfmJmbas on the North,
St. Vincent,

Tbe Nature
of the Tvpi~
nikmfi,

Na-

tives of St,

Vincent*

and

a M E'%

49 <j
and

a namelefs People bordering

People, range

all

on

Chap. Vlf.

A.

Moreover, the Miramumins, a very wild

feru.

thsXountrey over, but are much

leiTen'd fince the fortuguefes

Arrival.

& E C

Rio de
Difcovcry and Poffefion of Rje

Firft

de Janeiro.

He

T.

Janeiro.

<%io de 'Janeiro,

fecond Lordflhip

was difcover'd Anno

151 5.

III.

formerly by the French call'd Ganabara]

by Juan Did*

themfelves here forty years after Dias de

with three well

de Grace

gagnon, they arriv'd at

Mann d

Ships,

<^io Janeiro in

de Soils
Solis

but the French

for fetting Sail

Commanded by

Setled

firft

from Havre

Nicholas Durandus Fille*

November, and at the Entrance into the River,

which is about half a League broad, built a woodden Fort of a hundred Foot long,
Coligni, put feveral
and fixty broad, and giving it the Name of the French Admiral
Guns into the fame to fecure the Entrance, inclos'd on each fide by two fteep Moun.
wooddy Ifles, on one of which,
tains. In the River,which is very broad, lie feveral
near the Fort

Villegagnon Setling himfelf, fuffer'd great

Qoligni,

want of Water,becaufe hedurftnot Land on

the Natives.

Here he

ftay'd a year

Inconveniences for

the Main,for fear of being furpris'd

by

and a half in a deplorable Condition, when

with three Ships from the Haven Honfleurs ;

but they alfo, though they had many Men, yet were ill ftor'd with Provifions, in*
ibmuch that Hunger increas'd amongft them daily : wherefore Villegagnon return d
Philip Corguileray

and Du Tont

home without any

Defcn ption
thereof.

farther Exploits.

who went with

Jean Leri,

fet Sail

Corguileray, defcribes

%jo Janeiro after this manner

twenty three Degrees Southward of the Equinofiial

<l
Line ; the Inlet of the Sea, twenty fourthoufand Paces broad, and in fome places
"broader, is hemm'd in by hills ; the Mouth of the Inlet is fomewhat dangerous,
" by reafon of three rocky Illes beyond the large Bay is a narrow Channel, on the

"The

River

(faith

he)

lies

"

left-hand

whereof there

rifes

which the

a high Mountain,

Somewhat

fot de Beure, becaufe it refembles a

" fatter, whzxzVillegagnon thought to

Butter-pot.

fore'd to give over his

ther

warning over the Rock,he was

French

call'd

Le

Rock

farther lies the

WeaDefign. Half a League

build a Fort, but the Water in ftormy

an Ifland a thoufand Paces in length, and a hundred and fifty in breadth,

" furrounded with Rocks, on which the French refided : at each end of the Ifle rifes
rt

farther

is

" a Hill, and from the middle a Rock fixty Foot high on the Hill Villegagnon pitcht
" his Tent till he had built him ahandfom Houfe on aRockjtheother Houfes were
;

Three Leagues and a half farther lies a fruitful I(le nine

Miles in circumference, inhabited by a falvage People call'd Touoebinambauti :
" there are feveral other Ifles, on which breed good Oyfters with little Pearls,
"built

in the Valley.

" which
11

Towns ani
Places

of

chief note.

flick fo faft to great Stones, that

off.

The River

abounds with Fifh.

Janeiro

The

they can fcarce be pluckt

French once pollcfs'd this Ifland, but

Governor

o(Brafilc, for the

were

difpoflefs'd

by Emanuel de

Sa,

T'or tuguefe.

which contains three hundred Houfes, is built on the Souoppofite to which, on the Northern Point, lies the Fort j
thern Point of Janeiro
a large Church, the Jefuits Cloyfter, and two Sugar.Mills, give no fmall luftre to

The

City

Scbajlian,

the City, where the chief

Storm'd

this

Town Anno

an Eye-witnefs, gives us

Trade

confifts in <Brafile

1581. but

Wood

and Cotton.

march'd off without any

this Defcription

of

Sebajlian

fuccefs.

The

French

Dirk %uiters t

" The

Cliapi

Walls nor Gates

',
'<

M E 2^

*A

I,

but

I C A.

JTr

ftrength confifts of four

Forts the chiefs
ftands towards the Eaft on a
Rock in the Mouth of the Riv
wards the Weft, an Ifle which on
the South-Eaft rife wifh
<A
bling a Sugar.Loaf the third
:
crowns a
the fourth, in the North. Weft,
a high
.

,ts

Sc

Mountain.

are very ferviceable to the

Beiides the Wmention'd Towns

The

NaTe

'

V~

Jl d

Torture.
and

Col, ni

Sect.

SSSfe
S M

SS^S^^S^
^

nambauti,

De

97

&tfft fome make

SY.

M "^

mpnr

IV.

Spirito Sando.
P

Jl

Pf
C Unt ***
i
f
W dS ab Undin ^Wkh Vcnifon.

ding ***

>

The

J^

r"
Icemen,
MtM, and Guarapan, are iWd with all
forts
C
and amongft others the6 Fift <fW;^ ^l-UlL j ,
.
!
S
Whkh
the
Wi -" Moneths iv ofiFifti
*
,n the Rivet
ag Inft the SUmn,er rtUrns
to
the R
waih'd by the Ocean
Th
p
/ Month -fcU of
Th,F,fl,h,h.wHle
Teeth, a reddifh Tongue, little
F e P
thofe on their Backs, d vers
colour'd
our scales,
Scales OT
r
mn
j
\>
j
yet moft of a dark Red, and
generally
weighs fifty Pound.
Here is alfo the Fifh <Paru, full
of yellow Scales like Half-Moons
over a black
farayva, Manangea,

3
nt\

Sjyn.u

hath long Fins near the tail,

and a
5

the^peSTreaSt

fl

^'^

*T

p-

In

thtc

8
!

oi

little

ntk

"? ^^ EyM

HoZ f

'

HIT

People

foe

C'

61 iB

VeS

Zt'A^rolct^ tur breeid

four Foot

whi

Seek

1.
hete

n th/

"J
it

,"

ft0n

^
felf

bdng

all

two

are in

L g

wich

'"emifchief they can

y Bufo

*efc

^,

Wh0fe length

^
"^^^

a " d fma11 bl

U^lhu
When

L
upright
on

contains

and drives a great Trad*

M">'">

theM

WiId BMfts Specially on the Mountain

.
Sei 0n wh
ongft other

SMpen

blf

great din er f their liv

">
f theft falva e Pe0 le But
S
P -

^^
*
T*
SW
^">
T

tops
op of Trees,
r
Tree ra.fes

M,,

CaU d

'

w.vi
t WUh n^
P
r

wh

fh arp bonieSllout)

?**? D ". *"*

f^bA^^TT^^^
T^

nelc Us In,

Head.

>

Kundr
Hundred
d Houfes, ,
a Sugar.Mill, and a Cloyfter
of

fe-ftrW;

Z2

vaiand
and one on the top, a divided
r
Tail erect,

" 0n SS " " " ken Scricliket H

>

^
^f

^ f\whichh ^ alongBody.a

underncath

f'T
S^s

GK

S:: i;t:!^

River!

its

is

generally twenty

" k S P' with

K k

r teS F0t

> of the Hedges, or from the

Tail, and winding about either

Man,
Beafh

AMERICA.

49 g
Bcaft, or whate're

it

be, fqueezes

it

to death, or puts

Chap. VII.
its

Tail, which ends in a fliarp

manner, that it kills the Creature on

Point or Sting, in at the Fundament in inch a
This Serpent hath ftrong
it up.
which it feizeth in a moment, and then fwallows
wherefore it turns it felf
Ribs inwardly, and more than feventy bonie Joynts j
Head are the biggeft, and grow fmaller
with great eafe the Joynt-bones near the
-

Pifmires.
and fmallcr towards the Tail It alfo feeds on
which exceeds the Crane in bigThis County alfo breeds the Bird Jabku-guacu,
but no Tongue, on his Head appears a white grifly
nefs, and hath a long thick Bill,
are fhort, and the Feathers moftof them white,
Creft or Mitre the Wings and Tail
their Flefh is of a good rellifh, but
except the Pinions, which fhine like Rubies ;
:

The

Bird /*

lictt-guttcu.

fomewhatdry.
Near the River which

waflies the City Spirito SanBo, the Taratbes dwell in Huts*

not unlike Ovens.

V.

S e c T.

Porto Seguro,
difcover'd by Pedro
Ext to the fore-mention'd County, borders Porto Seguro,
of Terra, de Santa Crui^
Alvares Cordis, who gave this Countrey the Name
found a fecure Harbor
but afterwards changd it to Porto Seguro&caute he

Dclcription
of Porto Se-

gno.

there.

The Town,

built

on

the top of a white Rock, gives

its

Denomination to

twenty Families,
whole Countrey, and harbor'd long fince two hundred and
Rock rifes high,but
and hath five Sugar-Mills. The Land on the North fide of the
two Leagues off
Southwardly a fmooth Coaft runs along the Ocean, from which

the

at Sea lie feveral Cliffs, againft

The Towns

Santa

which the Waves break with a great

are left defolate, becaufe the Portuguefe were

they were not able by any
the falvage Jymris,

OX and Amaro

continually Invaded by

force.

whom

means to reprefs.
Southward from
the Coaft

On

stable

Leagues
Port o Seguro appear the Shoals Abrolbos, twenty fix
other.
they arc of one breadth, but one is longer than the

this Coaft the

Ship SataYta was

call:

away Jnno 1629. which Accident

from
is

the

*,* more remakable for the Murders committed by the Fator, Hieronymus Cornelifaway with the Ship, and to Sail
%pon, who with fome Confederates refolv'd to run
but their
Haven, or Dunkirk, and fo to pillage the Hetherland VelTels 5
Francis Pelfaert,
Defign was fruftrated by the Ships running againft the Abrolhos
and Children, to be puc
chief Commander, firft caus'd the Sick, with the Women
from the place
onanlfland, or elfe on two Rocks about three Leagues diftant
in vain endeawhere the Ship lay, in which remained feventy Men, whom Pelfaert
not able to abide
vored to carry away
for the Sea was fo rough that a Boat was
beat the Ship more and more
in the fame, and alfo the Storm beginning to increafe,
on pieces of Timber,
againft the Sands, and the Seamen venturing towards the Ifle
amongft whom was
were fome drown'd, others by the Waves,were driven adiore,
on the Boltfpric
Hieronymm Comelfzpon, who preferv'd his Life twenty four hours

to

fome

Spanijh

after the

Ship was ftav'd

but not

terrifi'd

On

his fore-mention'd Refolution.

one

with fuch an Accident, he continu'd in

of the Cliffs were forty Perfons with

with much letseighty Cans of Water, but on the Ifland a hundred and eighty
to fave fomewhat more
Pelfaert, who when the Storm ceas'd, thought

upon which

Water on one of the faid Cliffs,

to
Boat and fet Sail homeward from thence

out of his Wrack, was neceffitated to feek for

but not finding enoush,trimm' d up his

.

frefli

fetch

AMERICA.

Chap. VII.

anew

fetch

lany

fupply of People

During which time

$99

Cornellsf^pon

perform'd his Vi-

cwa

for he chofe David of Zeevang, Gysbrecht Welderen, Coenraed Huljfen, Cornells fie* AtuLpl

terf^oon^^utger Frederickfzpon, and Hans Heilwerk, for his Affiftants, befides feveral
others, anddeftroy'd all the People
ces of

Timber

to the

Rock where

on the

JVeyber

Ifland, except five,

who

efcap'd

Hays refided with forty Men,

on

who

pie-

being

inform'd what the aforefaid Villains had done, prepared for refiftanee with fharppointed Sticks, thofe People on the fecond Rock being alfo flain by Zeevang, who
fpared onely fome

Women and feven Boys

Lucretia Jans for his

ing

Women

in Sloops,

Wife

in like

ferv'd the reft for

fell

upon

manner

who

after

which Hleronymus

(onielifepon

Huijfen took Judith Sebajllaens

Concubines.

Weiber Hays,

Not long

took

the remain-

twenty of them going

them
but becaufe Hays's

after

valiantly refifted

Life was of great confequence, by reafon he might give notice of their Actions to
to the Ship

which was expected from

with, therefore they renew'd their

and which they defign'd to run away

AfTault with fifteen Men more 5 and were again
Holland,

make a Peace, which Heronymnt Cornelifcoon

neverthelefs this Peace was but feigned, for

beat off; wherefore they refolv'd to

promis'd to

ratifie

the next day

under pretence thereof they deliver'd Letters to feveral French Soldiers that were
under Hays's Command, promifing each fix thoufand Guilders if they would joyn
with them ; but they (hew'd the Letters to Hays, who keeping it fecret r that he

might draw on Hleronymus

Qtrntlifopon,

ther at the appointed time, took

deren,

and

Cornells (pieterf^pon to

was chofen

him

not miftrufting the Difcovery, to

be put to death

chief of the Rebels,

who

come

thi-

Prifoner, and caused ZeeVang, Huijfen, Wel;

but Wouter Loos making his efcape,

ventur'd a fourth Atfault, but returning with-

making any farther Attempt. Mean while felfaert arriving

with the Sardam Frigat from Holland, fent a Boat afhore, which by a little Skiff
difpatcht by Hays, was inform'd of all the PalTages
whereupon the Boat returning, <Pelfaert as he was putting himfelf into a pofture of Defence, efpy'd a Sloop coming about the Southern Point of the Ifland, in which were eleven of the Rebels
out any

effect left off

clad in Scarlet

with Silver Lace, which making directly towards the Ship 3

as

foon
as

mi

zl

500

<KI

VH.

Chap.

C A.

came up, were commanded to throw away their Arms overboard which
having done, and coming aboard the Frigat, they were all pat in Irons, as alfo
their remaining Party, and condemned to die.
Oppofite to the Jbrolbos on the Main Coaft, a plain Countrey extends it felf

as they

thirty

by the

in length, inhabited

Leagues

one another, or

ally either deflroy

elfe

Ouetacates, a cruel

make

who

People,

fad flaughters

amongft

continu-

Neigh-

their

bors.

The County

Porto Seguro belongs to the Spanijh

Duke of J^vero, but

very

is

much

decay'd.

The

The Beaft
Cxpjbara,

Rivers Moucuripe, QaruVelas, and Lucuru, breed abundance of Water-Hogs

and Ears, a thick Body and Head,

with a bearded Snout, befides two Tusks, and twenty four leiTer Teeth in each
Jaw, but no Tail ; they feed on Grafs and Bullies in whole Herds on the Shore,

which have fhort

call'd Capybara,

and make a
Hie

tapiirete,

terrible noife

Feet, Bridles

and though they cannot run

fwim extraordinary quick.

The Tapiirete alfo refembles a Hog, efpecially

in

its

fail,

Head and

and

yet they dive

Feet, but

is

as

big as

Moneths old, hath a Snout hanging over its under Lip, a Mouth full
of Teeth, and on its Skin fhort and dark colour'd Hair. This Beaft is very libidinous, and in the Nights fpoils the Fruit-Trees, efpecially the Sugar-Canes, but in
the Day-time it fleeps in Thickets. The Flefh of a young Taptierete taftes like

a Heifer of fix

Beef.
Laftly, the Inhabitants of Porto Seguro are plentifully fupply'd with Rabbets,

and the more, becaufe there being divers

forts

of them, (fome fay

five)

they are ta.

abundance, either in Traps, Snairs, or Gins, or by difcovering their

Holes for the Hunters flopping the entrance of them, dig aHoledire&ly over the
place where the Coneys lodge, and fo kill them with long Pike-ftaves in the
ken

in great

Ground.

Of thefe

Five forts of

Rabbets in
Brajik.

Head,

little

of Rabbets in

five forts

Brajile,

the chiefeft, call'd Taca, hath a thick

Ears, their fore-Feet bigger than their hindFeet, fhort, hard,and

Hair, fpeckled grey on the Sides, but no Tail

is

The Flefh of

this fort

brown

of Rabbets

very delicate.

The

fecond fort

is

the Tupeji,

which being

like a

Hare amongft

us,

may

as well

be accounted of that kind.

The

Aguti refembles our Rabbets, onely

bald Feet, gruntles like a

it

hath harfh

brown

Hog, hath two Toes more on

their

Hair, round Ears,

hind=Legs than on

the foremoft.

The

though

CaYia Cobaya,

lefs

than the European Rabbets, excell them

in foft

and divers-colour'd Hair, diftinguifh'd by white, red, and black Spots ; their Head
and Teeth refemble thofe of a Rat, but it hath no Tail : No Rabbets can be made
tamer than

thefe,

and

of all

is

if carry'd to

any remote Countrey, breed as well there

as in

Sraftle.

The

laft

in refpet of the

the Aparea,

which

running from

differs little in

Head and Beard, harbors more

in rent

Cliffs

Hare, as alfo

than in fandy

Ground.
The Tree
tucum.

The

Soil of Torto Seguro bears

two

forts

of Palm/Trecs, Vi$> the Tucum and

Airi

<

of prickly Leaves, and a fruit not unlike the Damask Prune,hanging in Clufters of three or four hundred together and being excelalfo when prefs'd yielding a clear Oyl, which
lent Food to fatten Hogs and Apes

the Tucum hath fmall

Boughs

full

is

highly efteem'd

white Kernel

grows black without, and within hath a

Leaves the 'Brafilians fpin fine and ftrongThred.

the Fruit

of the

when

ripe

The

;cip<

E%IC
\^

<?

A,

501

4
The Airi grows much higher than the tucum, and hath alfo longer Leaves, a
Body full of fliarp Thorns, and a round Fruit full of white and oylie Pulp, but not
eatable

the

Wood hard,

heavy and black, finks

make their Clubs of the fame.

Along the Rivers flie the Birds

Cocoi,

in the

Water, and the Brafdians

refembling Herons, though in beauty they

The

"
them ; they have but little Flefli, long fliarp Bills, of a yellowifh green CocoL
colour, and curious Crefts of Feathers on their Heads, which fall
back over their
Kecks their Flefli when young is delicate.

jfa

far exceed

Sect.

Los
Begun
NExtTown, which
<Porto

VI.

.''::

Ifleos.

borders the Countrey Los

confifts

of a hundred and

Ijleos,

Co call'd

from

its

Situation and

chief Description

Houfes, (or perhaps by this

time many more) eight Sugar-Mills, a Cloyfter for thejefuks, and
a
Church. The Inhabitants live by Tillage, and Tranfporting of Provifions
in litfifty

Barks to Vernambttco.

tle

Seven Leagues farther in the Countrey , beyond the Town of Ijleos,

lies a
namelefs Lake three Leagues long, as many broad, and above ten Fathom
deep,
and full of the Fifli Manati, which are very large and well tailed, beiides abundance
of Crocodiles

and in windy Weather the Water is as rough as if it were in the

Ocean. Out of this Lake flows a River by a Paffage fo narrow, that a Boat can
fcarce pafs through the fame. >*
5

Round about
rica

River live the Guaymures, the moft falvage People of all Amethey are of a Gigantick fize, have white Skins, carry exceeding great Bowes

and Arrows,

live

this

without Houfes

like Beafts,devour Mans-flefh like

Tygers,never

Companies or Armies, but watch to furprize a fingle Man or Beaft they

eat their own Children, and poifefs'd formerly all the Land from the River

Fight in

alfo

Aa

St.

Tran"

of Los

tjlce I

AMERICA.

501

Chap.

VIL

Promontory Frio but beaten from thence by the Tupinambas and

which they Invaded in fuch a manTuPinachias, they went to the County Los IJleos,
to leave feveral Sugar-Mills, but alfo
ner that the Portuguese were not onely forc'd
>

$U

Franctfco to the

the

whole Countrey.

Sect.

VII.

Bahia de Todos
Situation and

Delcription
of Tedos
Ssnfios,

los

Ext to

IJleos

borders

<Bahia de Todos los

los

San&os.

SanBos, belonging to the Portuguefe.

which borrows its Denomination from all the Saints, gives

Name to this eminent County. The Bay great and wide, and in the
lies in thirteen Degrees Southward
middle from twelve to eighteen Fathom deep,

The

Inlet

white along the Sea fide. The Current actowards the South, and as many
cording to the courfe of the Sun runs fix Moneths
on the South,but it flows up Nortowards the North/The opening of the Inlet is
feveral frefh Rivers discontains two Leagues and a half in breadth

of the Equinoftial Line.

theriy

The

Coaft

rifes

and

charge their Waters into the fame

The utmoft and

biggeft Ifland Tapertca breaks

from the Ocean. Thofe that Sail into the

and the Main Coaft on their right,
fame muft have the Ifland on their left Hand,
Fort Antonio, and the old City
which is known by a Promontory, on which the
with a Foreland on the North, from which the
nilct Veja are built, near a little Bay
Tapagipe, which juts
like a Half-Moon ends hear the Point
off the

Waves which come rowling

Main Coaft

in

circling

on the utmoft Point,

makes the Inlet larger, from
where the Countrey winding towards the Eaft
and there makes a Lake
whence a narrow Channel runs up into the Countrey,
of the Lake the Coaft reaches
which extends North and South from the Mouth
out of the Eaft, and in its
Northward to the River fitanga, which comes gliding
Banks ftand divers Sugar-Mills. From
Paflase receives feveral Streams, on whofe
Northward, then Wefterly with a crooked
fitanga the Coaft extends a League

out from

(Bahia Todos los

The

SanBos.

Caftle Tapefiepe ftands

Elbow,

in

whofe circumference

Eibow'ends

two namelefs

lie

Ifles clofe

under the Shore

about half a League from which

in a blunt Point,

lies

this

the Ifland Mare,

To the Northward from hence

League long, in the Mouth of the River fitanga.
More Southerly appears Monks-IJle, from
a River difembogues in the faid Inlet.
feveral Iflands appear at an
whence the Coaft extends it felf Northerly, where

exaddiftance from the Coaft

is

Virapebiara

the next,

which

the

firft

lies clofer

beyond the fore-mention'd blunt Point,

next comes in
to the Shore, Torto Madero

whence the Countrey extends

view along'lflandin the Mouth of a River, from
alfo the River Tambam which
Weft-ward, and fronts the Ifland De Fwntes, as doth
Arm near the reft from
comes out of the North, but empties it felf with a crooked
to the Stream Gerefipe,
hence the Coaft with two little Bays runs North-Weft
row, the utmoft whereor
whofe Mouth,which is pretty large,appear three Ifles on a
but divides
<Pycca, the innermoft hath no Name,
is call'd Qaraxbe, the middlemoft
feveral Inlets, inRiver into two Channels * from hence the Coaft bends with
;

the
to

which

tle Ifles,

fall

divers Rivulets towards the South,

from the River

oppofite to which ftand feveral Sugar-Mills.

Cachoera, full

of

lit-

Againft Cachoera appears the

between the (harp Point Tapagipe and

T7;oSt. Salvador was built by
the Caftle Antonio. Near the fore- mention d the City
Landed fafely near
mas de Sofa, who weighing Anchor from Lisbon, Anno 1549.
upon a Hill, and took order
Vtlk Veia, and about half a League from thence pitch'd
Ifland MeVe,

and more Southerly

Tapertca,

forthwith

'

W*^
i.

I
m

AMERICA,

Chap. VII.

forthwith for the erecting of his

place to-build on

new

City there, giving to each of

his

Followers a

the jefuits chofe the large Plain where at prefent ftands the
Confecrated to the Virgin Mary . the Names of the faid Jefuits were Juan

Church

A^pilcueta, Antonio ffireo, Leonardo Nonnio, Didaco Jacobeo, Vincentio G(pderigOy

common

Nobrega j'whilefl the

houfes

fet

But when John the Third, King of Portugal,

new Churm

in the

People

and Emanuel
themfelves to the building of Dwelling--

of Maria, the fore-mention'd

high Hill, which they

flotking,

and pitch'd

call'd

their

fent a

Pried thither to Teach

removed from thence to a

jefuits

The Mountain Caharien, whither divers

came

'Brafilians

Tents about the Cloyfter, admiring their ftrange Neigh*

bors.

When

Sofa

Landed on

the fore-mention'd Shore, the Tortuguefe had but

footing on America-, for their Plantations at

Itamaraca t and for to Seguro, difcover'd

IJleos, St. Vincent,

femambuco,

little

Villa Veja,

by fedro Shares CapMis, Anno 1500. were run

all to ruine.

Town

Befide the City St. Salvador and the decay'd

Veja 3 the

City faripe
Leagues farther into the Countrey, confiding of three thoufand Families,
and eighteen Sugar-Mills: The Countrey about the fame produces plenty
Villa

lies three

Cotton.

The

Ifland Taperica,

which is pretty

large, hath a fertile Soil for the production

of Tobacco, and Grafs to fatten Cattel

The Inhabitants boyl much Train-Oyl
of the Whales, which come afhore there in confiderable numbers.
Twelve Leagues Southward from St. Salvador appears the Village Cacocheira, formerly belonging to a rich fortuguefe, who took great pains in reforming the fal:

vage People Guaymures to a

great
chief,

civil Life

but feeing he profited but

iittle

he eaus'd

Companies of them to be remov'd to Taperica, that they might do lefs mifwhere the unufual and unwholfom Air kill'd them all in a fliort time.

The

Lordfiiip !Bahia hath abundance of Sugar*Miils which are either tum'd by

the Water, or drawn by Oxen.
?

The
and

Sugar-Canes, by the

fat Soil,

Hills, or

Brafilians call'd Viba

or Tacomaree, grow better in a clayie

weed them, and make Holes at an exact

which they plant their Canes in fuch a manner,

The Holes

Mud, than on Highlands, sugaS

manner They firfl plough their

they are Planted after this

Fields,

e mantr-

of Planting

over which the Rivers flowing leave their

Mountains

diftance

one from the other, into

that the tops touch one another.

before mentioned require

more Earth to fill them in Summer than in

Winter, thatthe violent Heat of the Sun may not dry up the Root, and that the
Rain may the freelier come at them to moiflen them, for the more moiflure they
nave, the better they grow
they attain to their full ripenefs in ten, oratmoMin
twelve Moneths February and March being the two lad Winter Moneths, are ac;

counted the bell to Plant

to (Loot forth the better.
following Year

in, becaufe the

The

Earth foftned by Rains,

fuffers the

Root

Canes being cut off, are left in the Field till the
during which time new Canes growing, are often ground in the
ripe

Mill with the old ones but if they (land two years, then the fweet Liquor dries
up, and the Cane withers. The young Plants carefully planted in good Ground
5

may

lad forty, nay

Sometimes

fifty

years

but in a barren Soil they

fet

new

every five years.

Droughts and extraordinary hot Seafons, the Canes are fcorcht

to nothing, which beingburnt in the Winter, the Allies ferve to Duncr the Ground
and fo in like manner when the Water, overflowing the Fields, drowns the young
in great

Plants.

In

moid Grounds

the black-wing'd

Worm,

call'd Gttirapeacopa, (by the <Por* The

nam'd <Pao de Galeuba) gnaws the Roots in ftch a manner, that the Canes
and fometimes it happens alfo that the? Weeds choak the young Plants.

tuguefe

die

Aa

wherefore

wom

^*

Qutra

jo 4

toe

manner

&p*

wherefore the Ground

are ftrong enough

wSe
sugars*.
l

owcrm oft

is

to be

weeded four times a year,

*

to bear againft the

Joynt, and,

all the

Weeds

till

VIE

fuch time as the Canes

they cut off the ripe Canes at the

Leaves being firft pull'doff,

tie

them up

in Bundles,

and bring them to the Mills, which confift of three great Iron Bars, between
which the Canes are fqueez'd. The Water-Mills are turn'd by the force of the Water, which in great Gutters led from high Mountains falls with exceeding force in
to Pools made for that purpofe ; after which manner, though they wind the Canes
muchfafler, yet they get not fo

much Sugar

as

when

they grind them in the Mills

by Cartel The places through which the Juice runs muft be cleans'd twice
in twenty four hours 5 the Canes put in behind between the firft Bar, are turn'd
into the fecond, and thence into the third, which fucceffively fqueezes out all the
The Canes thus prefs'd, ferve for Fewel to burn ; but they conremaining Juice
stantly keep fuch a great Fire both Night and Day, thatbefidesthofe prefs'd Canes,
they burn forty Fathom of Wood in twenty four hours, infomuch that whole
Woods arc confum'd in a fliort time The Liquor, nam'd Caldo, runs along woodden Gutters into great Kettles, in which it is boyl'd, but if it happen to be overboyl'd they put Water amongft it, whereby it becomes excellent Food for Horfes j
then they put the Liquor into a fecond Kettle, where it is boyl'd afrefli, and alio
fcumm'd and for the better cleanfing of it, Lime- Juyce and other things are put
amongft it then they ftrein it through Clothes, and give the Drofs which remains
in the fame to the Slaves, which work for half a year together Night and Day like
Horfes. The Drofs mix'd with Water makes alfo good Wine. Out of the great
Kettles, by the Tortuguefc call'd Caldero de Me liar, the Caldo runs into the lelTer nam'd
Tachas, where it is boyl'd a third time, and continually ftirr'd till it comes to be
turn'd

thick like a Syrrup, and at

amongft

laft to

the confiftence of Sugar

It

may

be accounted

the Myfteriesof Nature, that while the Sugar boyls in the T<ichas>

are the little Kettles, they muft drop

do whileft
Sugar 5

as

it is

on

Oy amongft the Liquor, which

in the great Kettel, the

if

which

they fhould

Liquor would not turn to the confiftence of

the contrary, if they fhould put their

Lye

into the

little

Kettles as they

do

tthtti

II

3!

is

\A

Chap. VII.
do into the

great, the

M E%^I C

Liquor would be quite

A.

5*
In their

fpoil'd.

Boyling*houfes

{land feveral hundreds of Earthen Pots one by another on Planks full of Holes

which Pots they cover with moift

the Pots, they feparate the

clay,

brown

and

Sugar,

after fourteen

days knocking

from the white, both which

it

out of

are laid to

dry in the Sun, and put into Chefts.

Sect.

VIII.

Pernambuco.

NOrthward from Babiade Todos

Temamhuco^jvhkh extends along Defection

the Coaft above feventy Leagues, between the River 6>, Francifco and the iOZ"*'
Countrey of Hamaraca.
los

Sancios lies

<Pemambuco y which fignifies HelIs*Mouth,

on the Eaft wafh'd by the Northern

Ocean 5 in which grows a Weed much like an Oaken Leaf, and fo thick, chat un
lefs it be cut to make their Way, impedes the Sailing of Ships.
The Sea is alfo very full of Fifli, which in calm Weacher are vifible fixty Fathom
deep, and are taken in greater abundance than they are able to fpend
for they no
is

Several tint
f Fl(h '

fooner

let

down

a Bait, cover'd with Feathers

and Tallow, but the

Fifli

immedi-

fwallowing the lame, are taken.

Here are in the firft place abundance of Hays, a Fifli fo rank and oylie, that they
are not eatable, but their Brains are accounted good againft the Stone.

ately

There
they have

they

are alfo hereabouts a fort of flying Fifli like Herrings, but not fo big

Wings

fwim

in flioals,

efcape by flight out of the Water, they

The

which carry them above Water whileft they are wet

5
and are chafed by all other Fillies, which endeavoring to

like Bats,

Sea=Breams areas well

become

a prey to the Sea-pies.

tafted as the flying Fifli

the Mariners cover

in Salt, or ftufFthem within full of Salt and Pepper, and fo

hang them

them

to dry in

the Sun.
(pernambuco

it

Degrees Southward from the Equinox, produces

and Sugar-Canes, which laft is no proper !Brafilian

felf lying in five

abundance of

<Brafile

Plant, for the

firft

Wood

Plants thereof were by the Qortuguefe

firft

transplanted thither

from the Canary Iflands.

This Countrey was firft difcover'd by Americus Vefputius, who being fent thither Firft
by Emanuel, King of Portugal, to difcover the Coaft between the Promontory before
Olinda and the Ifland Itamaraca, and finding a fplit Rock and fome <Brafilian Huts,
Landed, and ask'd the Denomination of the Coaft, which he was informed was
call'd (pernambuco, which he found full of fteep Mountains, inacceffible Woods, and
in fome places Plains and pleafant Valleys but the chiefeft thing he could find to

Difco

lade his Ship with,

was

<Brafile

Wood

but being inform'd that the Soil would

bear Sugar-Canes, he caus'd Canary Sugar*Plants to be Set there.

formerly
the chief City
of Pernambuco. had (according to Lopez) above
J
J
f
D
_
three thouland Houfes and feventy Sugar s Mills.\ It is built on feveral Hills, which

Olinda,

-.

'

cW Towns
and Pkces ot

on the North-fide are fteep and overgrown with Brambles i betwixt which in ma*
ny places grow Orange*Trees. John NeTohof, who arriv'd at Olinda Anno 1642.
found a few Netherlander s and Spaniards there, who dwelt in the ruin'd Houfes.

The

Landslide of the City

is

ftrengthned by Hills overgrown with Brambles and

Thorns, and towards the Sea=fide with Earthen Walls, fortifi'd by fourteen Bulwarks and a Stone Caftle, able to withftand a confiderable force 2 The Out-works
towards the South were maintain'd by

JeTes,

who from

a a

the fore=mention'd Hills

could

note.

AMEBIC A

5 oJ

could

fee

way

not onely a great

Chap. VII.

hath a Stone Bridge leading to the City,and Northerly and Weftward the

Woods and

through great

Streets, befides leiTer

Forrefts.

Oiinda

it

felfis

and San Pedro, befides two others of

and

five chief

Churches,

lies

On

Hands

the higheft Hill

vi%.

San Salvador,

2\pftra Sennora de Guadalupe,

note,

leiTer

Way

divided into twenty feven larae

Lanes and feveral Avenues, and

Mifericordia, lS[oflra Sennora del Emparo,

fulls Cloyfter, built

which

into the Ocean., but aifo the River Biberibi,

the

'.

]e*

fquare and high, and furrounded with Walls, on which Seba-

King of Portugal, by the perfwafionof his Uncle Cardinal Henry, fpent a great
Aim of Money, and endow'd it with annual Revenues, Anno 1 57 1 The Capuchins
alfo built a ftately Cloyfter towards the Eaft.
The Francifcans moreover inhabited
a magnificent Building, near which flood the Governors Palace. The Carmelites
had alfo a ftately Edifice, whofe former luftre flill appears by the Ruines, where
now Cartel graze from the Hills about which maybe exactly difcern'd Pgciffa, thz
Promontory of St. jfuguftine, and the Caftle before the Road otP^cciffa Along the
Shore Rood the Dominican Cloyfter, and in the upper part of the City the Minfter,
Confecrated to St. 'Bento, exceeding ftrong both by Nature and Art
near which
ftood Qonceptio de noflta Sennora. The Yoxt'juan de Albuquerque ftood on the South*
fide, from whence a Way leads you along the Shore to %eciffa, where hard by the
Potter's Houfe ftood a Beacon. But fince Oiinda fell into the hands of the ]S[etberland BaJl'India Company, they built a ftrong Fortrefs on the North near the Seafide, where formerly a great Trade was driven with Sugar, infomuch that forty

fttan

-,

Ships have been fraighted in a day therewith from Oiinda, and

remained in the Store-houfes.

and that

African Slaves,

in great

The Sugar cannot

numbers

much more

ftillas

made without

be

the help

of

for Angola alone provided fifteen thou;

fand four hundred and thirty Moors for the Sugar-Mills about Oiinda.

and 1623. there was fent to furprize this City Henrick

before with Peter Petersen Hein took the SpaniJJ? Plate-Fleet,

In the Yearsi6oi, 1602,

Loncque,
The Expeditionof Lone
que

who

little

away from
weighed Anchor from the

and brought

it

Matanca.
Coerean

was Engag'd (having but eight

derick de Toledo,
reft

of

the

Men

rais'd

by the

great Qanary

and Tenerijfhz

Commanded by

Fre-

the midft of them, and near St, Vincent (the

being come up to him, which in

ftay'd for a farther promis'd

1629, Loncaut

with forty Spanifb Ships,

way through

fought his

his Fleet

Road, and between

Sail)

Anno

In the middle of June.

Supply of Ships to

all

made up twenty

feven) he

him, and the longer, becaufe

affift

Company were taken into the States SerForces, who at that time had gain'd fome

lS(etberland Weftdndia

oppofe the Spmifh and Imperial

advantage upon them
But not long after Hartogeiubofch being taken by the Holvice, to

landers, the reft

from whence

of the expected Fleet, with the promised Aid, arrived at

Loncque, after four

Moneths

his Fleet then confifting of fifty Sail

Soldiers, befides

Seamen

ftay, fet Sail

St.

Vincent

with thefe additional Forces,

of Ships, which carry'd above feven thoufand

but he was fore'd to

lie

a confiderablc time under the

being either becalm'd or beaten back by contrary Winds, infomuch that many of his Men perifti'd, or were difabled with the Scurvey : At lad his Fleet being

Line,

come

Anchor upon the Coaft of Pernambuco, the firft that Landed about two
Leagues Northward of; Oiinda, was Colonel ViederikVan Waerdenberg, who by Day*
to an

break divided his

hundred and

Men

thirty four

into three Divifions, the

Men, march'd towards

Forlorn-Hope confifting of nine

Oiinda

along the Shore, led by Adolf

Van dcr Elt^- the fecond being a thoufand and forty nine, by Stein
y

third, confifting

drawn
'Dolce,

of nine hundred and

fixty five,

was

out, and marching on,they met with no refiftance

led
till

Callenfels-

by

Fouke

Honx

they

came

to the

where eight hundred Portuguefe Charg'd on them from behind

the

thus

River

new Sconce

but

M EX^IC

*J

Chap. VII.

'

507

A.

through the River with two Ficld-Pieces,

but Waerdmkrg wading up to the Middle
the Forlorn-Hope approachWorks and ran into the Wood
the

Enemy

left his

towards the right fide, up a Way through the Woods,

ins the City, march'd up
Cloyfter (rood, over which he got after fome
Scal'd the Walls, near which the Jcfuits
Party march'd in a narrow Path along the Shore, and

The

refiftance.

fecond

broke into the City between the

dial Salvador,

Francifcans

and

from whence they difcharg d

Jefuits

feveral

oiiu

taken

Cloyfter, towards the Cathe* iLdeL

Guns,

from the Caftle,

Battlements towards the
as alfo

the
which they had taken, whileft Fouke Honx Storm'd
Matters ot Olinda,
South but Stein Qallenfels and Elt^ being already

the

Defendants

while the Colonel's Skiff brought five hundred Men more

without any hinderance into the City, where the
afliore, with which he march'd
Water, found but little Booty,
Conquerors, faint with exceffive Heat and want of
the Hollanders coming, had convey'd all
becaufe the Inhabitants having notice of
which the Governor Matthias Albuquerque (Brotheir Goods and Wealth to %ecijfa,
burnt
Vuarte Albuquerque, to whom Ternambuco properly belong'd)

furrendred

all.

ther to the

Lord

Mean

tojthe Inhabitants,who
with all theStore*houfes,partly out of revenge

Commands,and

to his
tuguefe

partly becaufe he

Captain, Correa de

would not enrich

in

Caftel Blanco,

fled

the Hollanders.

his Letter to the

contrary

The

for-

King qtfyain, values

Ducats. But ftill the fortuguefe had poffeffion

the lofs at twenty hundred thoufand
moft confiderable was St. George,
of feveral Forts about the Countrey, whereof the

hundred Men, but his Ladnot eafily taking fire, he was for'd to
ders being too fliort, and the Hand-Granado's
befiege the Caftle, he digg'd
Retreat; whereupon judging it mod: convenient to
Befieged defir'd Quarter, which
Trenche's about the fame nor was it long ere the
Men. The Water Caftle furbeing granted, they march'd from thence with ninety
Guns therein and in that of
xendring in like manner, they found fifteen Brafs
thoufand pound of Gun-powder, and twenty four Iron Guns.

whither

Stein Qallenfels

march'd

in the

Night with

fix

St. George

four

Landed on fernambuco, the <P or tuguefe inhabited

was geuerally Garrifon'd by four
eleven Towns, the chiefeft whereof being Olinda,
three ComCompanies of Armed Citizens, each containing a hundred Men and
Amongft the Citizens were two hundred Merchants, fome
Soldiers

When

the Tiftherland Forces

panies of

of

whom were judg'd

to be

worth

fifty

thoufand Crufados.

was a narSouthward from Olinda, between the River Btberibe and the Ocean,
the Ships
row Cawfey, at the end of which lay the populous Village %ectffa, where
a League long, is the An,
lade and unlade. About the middle of the Cliff, being
the forcmcntion'd Cawchoring place for great Ships, call'd fo^o. At the end of
fey againft Po^o, appear'd a

round

Tower

of Fre-ftone.

kept by the EngliJhVUei that came hither tinder the Command

lay at the
Captain James Lane after, Anno 1595. makes mention of a Fort which
Mouth of the Haven before fyciffa, which the Englijh valiantly Storm'd, notwithmade it invinci{landing fix hundred Men and feven Brafs Guns might eafily have

The Journal

conBut they conquering the fame, march'd up to Olinda, took the Suburb,
as alfo a great Booty, and the
fitting of a hundred Houfes, without any refiftance,
before fuffer'd
greater, becaufe the Goods of a rich Carak which had fome few-days
thirty days
Shipwrack, were kept there they alfo took fifteen laden Ships, and for

ble

Since this
kept the whole Countrey about Olinda reftlefs with continual Alarms*
muft pafs in
Invafion the Tortuguefe built a third Fort on fyciffa, fo that the Ships
confequently
Forts, where the Channel is alfo full of Rocks, and
in

between two

more dangerous.
From %ecijfa the Goods are

the

Barques or Lighters to 0//W*, between which

(

fent in

and

^
g^**
n

^;

om^
Jpl.

jo8

M E %l C

<lA

and

St, Salvador

tains

frefhnefs

its

two

run the

Chap. VII.

A.

great Rivers Francifco and fyal,

the

firft.

whereof

re-

twenty Leagues into the Ocean.

Along the River

Northward beyond

many

Popitinga ftand

Sugar-Mills

and

Leagues farther

five

Olinda the Portuguese inhabit thefe Villages, Yi^.

Garafu, Qfeciffa

Moribeca, Antonio de Cabo, Miguel de Poyuca, Gonfaho de Una, PoVacon de Porto Cafoo, Ala*

goa

del

and Alagoa

Nort,

del

Zur, befides other

<BraJilian

Hamlets, and above fevency

Sugar*Mills.
The nature
of the Soil in
Fern.tmbuco.

The County of
low
the

and

Hills,

Mountains

Trade

abounding with

fruitful Valleys,

fair

Canes, which alfogrowon

Mafurepe, Zebaatan, Toyuca, and Moribeque.

The Wilds of
greateft

Pernambuco hath for the moft part a good Soil, feveral Plains

Wood

El Gran Matto, afford the beft

Village Lanrenzo.

in the

with which they drive the

Whileft Matthias Albuquerque Intrench'd

himfelf a League and a half Weft ward from Olinda, by the Sugar=Mills belonging
to Francifco Montero,

with a hundred Tortuguefe, and three times as

many Armed

Loncque finding that he could not long keep the City Olinda againft the
caused the fame to be pull'd down and burnt.

!BrdJilians,

Enemy,

Between the Rivers

Sergippo del

and %eal,

Francifco

lies

the

R.ey.

Town Sergippo

del

^ey } uo in the

Countrey near a fmall Rivulet, which at Spring*Tydes hath fourteen Foot Water.
The Woods round about feed wild Cattel, and the Mountains contain Mines of

Gold and

ViUa

tie

Cen-

ception.

Silver*.

The firft Plantation in 'Brafik was in the Illand Itamaraca, three Leagues long
and two broad, but extends its Jurifdiction along the Main Coaft, from which it
is feparated by a narrow River, which runs betwixt both thirty five Leagues. The
Countrey is eminent for twenty Sugar-Mills, and abundance o<Brajile Wood.
The chief Town of this Ifland is call'd Villa de Conception near the Sea, which
round about the Ifland is full of Rocks. The French fettling themfelves here at firft,
were driven from thence by the Tortuguefe. The Town it felf, built on a Rock, hath
a ftrong Caftle on the one fide, erected near a flirubby Moor
to the Northward
,

of which

Stein Calknfels

Highwater

is

found a

overflown, and being

Sea-Fowl, which flock thither about

Boughs, from which, when once

fix

fcarce a Mufquetofliot long,

little Ifle,

full
fix

Stein Callenfels cut

againft the

Town

down

Clock

Evening to Rooft on the

in the

fetled to take their repofe, they will

Conception,

the

at

of fmall Trees makes a Receptacle for

of the Clock the next Morning, though you difcharge Guns

but fince

which

Wood to make

at

not

them

Pallifado's for the

ftir till

Night;

all

new

Fort

they were never feen afterwards.

Sect.

IX.

Parayba.
Defcription
of Para;btt.

Orthward from

Itamaraca borders the

County of Parayba, whence

Ships carry 'd yearly feveral Ladings of Brafik

tportuguefe

Wood,

General Martin Ley tarn drove them from

all

till

the French

Anno 1585. the

places, fince

when

they never recover'd any part thereof.

This Territory of Parayba borrows its Denomination from the chief Town, lying five Leagues from the North Sea near the River P arayba, which in the Summer
>

Seafon hath but

that

it

little

Water, but in the Winter Seafon increafes to that heighth,

oftentimes on a fudden overflowing the Countrey

ple, Cattel,

and Houfes.

The

City

it

felf,

fweepsaway both Peo-

though fmall, yet hath feveral

Buildings, amongft which three Churches and as

many

Cloyflers, inhabited

fair

by

Francif*

"

."'

A
C

Caftrwrri' *MaTvarei

Cofb-u-nv 3Sorea.lt

'
!

'

I,

>.

Cliap. VII.

tJ

.
,

Francifcans, Carmelites,

and

M E%^IC

A.

50?

none of the meaneft. The Countrey therehath twenty Sugar*Mills. The Mountain Cupaguao,

(Bencdiclins, are

abouts indifferently fruitful,

formerly very populous with Natives, being exceeding fertile, produces all manner of Fruit j at prefent it lies defolate, the firafilians being all deftroy'd by the (Por-

Thefe Mountains produce alfo curious green Stones, which the Inhabiwore in their Lips for an Ornament, and which alfo cures the Griping of the

iuguefe.

tants

Guts, by being laid upon the Belly.

The

Command

French under the

ago the Silver-Mine

Copaoba,

and

of Captain Dourmigm, difcover'd ninety years

for a confiderable

time carry'd Silver and

Tfee Silver -

h *-.

Rrajile

from hence, till the Tortuguefe made themfelves abfolute Mafters.

Moreover, on the North-fide of <Parayba, the Salvages calPd ^etiguars inhabit

Wood

fixteen Villages.

Amongft the Birds of prey which breed

here, are the Ouyaourajfou, twice as big as

a Crane, with curious Feathers, and fo bold and ftrong, that

"it

Stran seBiras

devours not onely

Sheep, but Deer and Men.

no way inferior in beauty

being cover'd with white and black Feathers 5 on

The

is

Bird Mayton

is

whole Body
Tuft ; the Flefh

to the Peacock, his

his

Head grows

alio -very pleafant to the tafte.

The

Toucan, another Bird, refembles a

Turtle-Dove

in all parts, except the Bill

and Bread ; for the Belly is ten Inches long and three broad, the Bread of an
Orange colour, mix'd with Crimfon Spots $ the remaining part is white, the Back
red, and the Tail and Wings Coal-black.

The

Plant call'd Tardmmacarou deferves alfo a peculiar obfervation, Vi^>

It is The

plant

Man's Thigh, grows twelve Foot high, with three Branches or equal .
length and thicknefs, which you may ealily breakjit is green without, white within,
and without Leaves, leaving red BlofTbms ftreak'd with blue, from whence grows
a Fruit about the bignefs of an Apple, crimfon without and white within, and
thicker than a

tailing like a

The

River

Mulberry.
(Parayba

hath a thick Body,

which

The

laid in the

produces amongft

Head, crooked Back,

flat

Sun,

fliine like poliih'd

Lay

and divided into

the t^aainari and Jabebara*

Prickles,

THe

feveral forts,

and Bufios
lies

and triangular

Fifli

Scales,

the four

little Ifles

chiefeft are

accounted

appears as followeth
Queimadas,

Ifle

and on one

Dos forcos, clofe under a high Shore, where the

runs far up in the Countrey.

Fourteen Leagues farther the Ifland Grande,

with freih Water,with Fifli-ponds,Woods,and two good Havens. Before the

Road of Garatuba appear feveral broken Ifles, the chiefeft whereof is Morambaya. The
Ships Sailing along the firafilian Coaft view next the Mouth of the wide River
ftor'd

Jenero y

without

fear

Moreover, a fandy Ground extends from

which rifes out of the Sea like a Rock, with white

of Rocks or Shoals.

the Weftern Point to Cape Frio,

on the top, between both which the high Ifland before Frio
makes a fafe Harbor. Nine Leagues beyond Frio to the Northward, St, Salvador
opens a large Bay, hernm'd in on the South by divers namelefs Ifles. Laftly, the
feveral Salt-pans along this Coaft are very remarkable, as alfo the Promontory
Streaks, and crack'd

St.

f&npn

ticfn

Eaft North-Eaft from which bears the Ifland Sebafiian:

the

other'ftrang

they are full of poyfonous

amongft which the

lie

which TheGW-

with a very long and thin Tail,

St. Vincent to Spirito Santo

Before the Coaft of St. Vincent

Before the Inlet Ubatuba

fplit Tail,

every day Eggs like Hens

Sea-Coaft oOBraJile from

fide the Jlcatraces

other Fiflies the Gnara-iereba,

Gold.

Sea alfo hereabouts affords a ftrange

the Females whereof

Haven

many

Tboma

Sea
of

M E %^I C

5io
Thoma and Parafva, the

Inlets Manangea

and

A.

Chap.

VI

and the River Guarapari

famous for the Mountain Pero Qam towards the North, and Guapel to the South.
The Ifland Safoago, round and mountainous, lies before the Mouth of the River
St.

Itapemeri,

where the Main Coaft grows uneven and Hilly. On the North--Eaft
Point otSpirito Santo a long ridge of Rocks appears above the Sea and near the Inlet
riles three black Hills on the South, and two Leagues up in the Countrey the bro*
ken Mountain Mejlre Aharo, which extends along the Sea-Coaft* The River Des
P^yos Magos encompalTes three Mountains feverally, and mak^s three Ifles. The
Coaft on each fide of the River Dolce is very plain and even, but Qricare hath a mix*
Guarapari,

low Lands.

ture of high and

In the

Mouth of the River

Maranipe

lies

a great

com-

pany of white Shelves near together, appearing afar offas if all one. Parairepe is re*
markable by the high Trees growing on it. The Mouth of the River CaruVelas lies
full of Sand-plats.
Near the Beacon Tauhaen rifes a red Cliff from which a fandy
Point reaches to the River Curuhabo.

Before Porto Seguro

lie

feveral dangerous

Rocks in the Sea, to the Southward of which rifes the Highland Cape Pafqual. Notfar from hence Santa Crui^ a good Haven for fmall Veflels, from whence the Coaft
extends North NorthEaft, and South South* Weft, to P{io Grande, where the Shoals

making a dangerous Entry, force the Ships fox the

moft part to keep three Leagues from the Shore. Beyond the Arm of <%& Grande
appear three high Mountains cover'd with Trees from whence to Ilheos is a fafe
PafTage free from Shelves. Eight Leagues farther,the River Dos Cmitas runs between
two broken Cliffs into the Sea in the Mouth of it rifes a Rock refembling a hioh
Ifland.
Between Ilheos and Contas the Coaft rifes alfo, but falls low again in a Bay,
where white Sugar^Mills, formerly belonging to Lucas Giraldes, are feen at a great
diftance. The Countrey on each fide of the River Camanu is plain
the Stream it
felf hath a wide Mouth, andrefpe&s with its Northern Shore the Ifle Cayepa, dangerous for the many Shelves which are about the fame. The River Tinhare is known
by the Mountain Mono de Santo Paulo, which rifes like a Galley on the Southern
Shore. Twelve Leagues farther opens the Bay ofTodos los Sanflos, on whofe Eaft*
calFd Saxos de

St. Jntonio,

DO

ftern Point ftands the Caftle ^wfowo,

and before the Northern Shore the Ifland To*

poam, to the Eaft and South-Eaft low and ftrong. The River Das Pedras falls with
a wide Mouth into the Ocean. Next you pafs by the Streams Tapicuru, %ea\ Vafabarls and Francifco, known by alow Promontory.
The Rivers Miguel, Antonio,

fa

maragdi, Porto Caho, Formofo, and Serinhaem, difembogue alfo into the Sea.

the Stream Das Pedras

Next

Promontory St. Jugufiine, all overgrown with

Bullies and Brambles. Five Leagues Southward lies the fmall Ifle Jlexo. The Coaft
from St. Augufline to Pernambuco extends North and by Eaft, and South and by Weft.

The

the

rifes

Ifland Tamaraca lies in the

Mouth of

the Stream Gajana

and

fifteen

Leagues

farther appears Parayba

between which two the Shelf Pedra Furada extends three

Leagues along the Coaft, and another from the Shore of the Promontory 'Blanco,
where the Road Porto de Framfes affords Seamen fecure Anchorage for Shipping.
;

Next

to Parayba follow

the

Havens

Treicaon, Pipa,

and

Bufios, the

Maragnan, which wafhes the Weftern part ofBrajile, and

between the

Spanifl) Indies

Alexander the Sixth, Anno

de Noronho, in three

is

Stream

taken for the

and
Boundary
Siara

and the Portuguefe, according to the Divifion by Pope

i 5

02.

Laftly, there belongs to ftrafik the Ifland Fernando

Degrees of Southern Latitude.

going thither, found the fame to be

The Capuchin,

Claude de Abbe*

Leagues in circumference, and extraordinary fruitful befides good frefli Water, Peafe, Beans, Maiz, Potato's, Melons,
Cotton, Cattel, wild Goats, and all forts of Poultrey, which this Ifland affords
Ville,

fix

^ ut

if:

ie

% abounds w

jj n

g reat variety of a fort of Birds which

fuffer

themfelves
to

AMERICA.

Chap. VII.
co be caught with the

511
a tumelefs Tree, not unlike

There grows likewife

Hand.

Strange Tr

the Laurel, being of a ftrange Nature, for who e're touches the Leaves, and afterwards rubs his Eyes, lofes his Sight for four hours, with exceeding pain j which

painneverthelefs another Tree growing in the fame Ifland cures immediately.

The

who Landed on Njoronho Anno 1613. found a fortuguefe there, with eighteen
from fernambuco, whom
tBrafilians, Men, Women, and Children, banifh'd thither

French

Baptizing, they carry 'd to Maragnatu Near Noronbo

the

lies

De

Ifle

Feu.

X*

S E C T.

Maragiian.

MAragnan,

forty five Leagues in circumference, lies in

two Degrees of Sou-

situation.

thern Latitude, and a confiderable diftance from the Bay, which appears between the Rivers Aperegba and Qomajamu.

The
the

Eaftern Entrance into this

Ifle St.

Bay hath before

the

Promontory

Arbres Sees,

Anna, by the Brafilians call'd Upaonmiri,

Oppolite to Maragnan, about half way from the faid Inlet, fall three Rivers into
the Sea, the moft Eafterly call'd Mounin, hath a Mouth a Mile wide, and difcharges
the middlemoft Taboucourou, is five hundred Leagues
its Water into the Sea

.<<

long, and ends with

half a League diftant one from the other

two Mouths,

the moft Wefterly, call'd Mary,

is

about

Leagues broad,

fix

fo falling into the

Sea.

The

and thus united they joyn both with

falls into the (pinare,

Stream Uaracou

which runs exceeding fwift into the Sea.

Between the Capes Arbres Sees and De laTortue, the Coal!: lies full of Tandy
Banks, fome of which extend a League into the Ocean.
On the other fide of the Promontory Tapoytapere near Maragnan? zo Wards the River
of Jmazynes, lie fo many Ifles along the Sea^fliore, that no Ship is able to approach
the fame, becaufe the Spaces between the Ifles are overgrown with Trees call'd

the Wary,

whofe Boughs (hooting down and rooting in the Sea, produce otherTrees, which grow fo clofe together, that they feem one entire Tree with many

Jpparituriers,

Branches. Befides

Wind

fits

from

this

Inconvenience there

the Shore,

is

abundance of

which oftentimes fwallows

drift

the Ships

Sand when the

which

lie

upon

the fame.

Beyond Maragnan
the

Ifle St.

lie

between the Promontory Arbres and

the other, difcover'd fome years fince, reaches

two Roads,

Anna, but dangerous

to the Fort of Maragnan, and

is

as

the

firft

dangerous as the

firft.

twenty feven Villages, by the Natives call'd Oc or 7aye, each

Village confifting of four Houfes made of great Stakes, andcover'd with Palm-tree
Leaves againft the Rain, each Houfe being thirty Foot broad, and from two hunIfland hath

This

dred to

five

hundred Paces long, according to the greater or

The firft Village,

known for two eminent

habitants.

oppofite to St. Anna,

well

Fifliing-places,

Juniparan

and

Euffaouap, each

having about

is

is

call'd Timbohu

Itapara

five or Ci^

lefler

number of

In-

the fecond,

but the two biggeft are

;

hundred Inhabitants.

under a temperate Climate, being feldorn troubled

with exceflive Colds, Droughts, peftilential Vapors, Wind, Hail, or Thunder, only
returns from
it Lightens Morning and Evening in ferene Weather. When the Sun
but
of Capricorn to the North, then it Rains for fix Weeks together

This

Ifland

o Maragnan

lies

the Tropick

when he

declines

from

Cancer

towards the Southern

or
Solftke } the Trade- Wind,

Eaftern
w

aME

"

V*
Eaftern Breezes

of the Clock

at feven

rife

<KI

in the

Chap. VII.

Morning, but grow

fainter to-

wards Sun=fetting.
1

SSScoai
<*

M*&*

The

Soil of Mdragrian

exceeding fruitful, producing abundance

o<Brafile Wood,
Sugar, Cotton, the red Colour %oucou Tobacco, Balfam not inferior to the
Arabian, Pepper, and all manner of Fruits. On the Coaft is often found
is

excellent

Amber-greece and Jafper Stones, which the Inhabitants wore in their Lips.
In
iome places along the Sea-more appear Rocks of red and white Stone Diaphanous.,

which (Tome fay) are as hard as Diamonds, and call'd Alkncon. The
Woods produce Timber, and the Shore Stones and Shells, of which they make
Mortar. There are alio feveral pleafant Fields and Hills, whofe Feet are wafli'd
by
like Cryftal,

delightful Brooks, along

The Woods
and

confift

which they pafs

from one Village to another.

moft of Palm/Trees, amongft which breed all forts of Fowls
in Canoes

Beafts.

Thechiefeft of the Fruit-Trees which grow here

Fruit- Trees.

is

the Accayou,

which being

much

bigger than our Pomewaters, hath Leaves not unlike thofe of an Oak
alfo a Nut refembling a Sheeps Kidney, cover'd with a hard Shell, which

and

inclofes

Out of

an oylie Pith.

cmor

grow

as alfo out

thefe the Iflanders prefs a very

of the

<Pacoeira

wholfom and

pleafant Liand Bannanas, both excellent Plants, which will

any Ground.

This Plant they pluck up by the Roots wild as foon as

hath put forth three Leaves ; which Leaves being rowFd up hard together
like
in

it

Twig, are again Set, and then fprout up each with ten green Leaves, which when
mov'd by the Wind, rattle like Parchment, and tear very eafily the Stalk is
an
:

Inch thick, from which fpread feveral

Branches

under the Leaves hang yellowifh Flowers of a pleafant fmell, at whofe Stalks are lefTer Leaves refembling
little Scoups, full of Juice, in taftelike Honey, and in colour like the
White of an
Egg: after the Flower follows the Fruit, very like a Cucumber, onely they
lelTer

are

three fquare,

and have a

hardifli Shell,

which

inclofes a well tafted

and wholfom
This Plant, when the Fruit is ripe
is pluck'd up, from whence another fprings up immediately,
which bears the*
like Fruit the next year
fo
that
this
Plant
lives as it were by propagation
;
contiPulp, which

commonly grows

in Clufters.

nually.

The

<BannanM bear Leaves of a

very like that of the

Fathom long and two Foot broad

Flowers, and Pears with Shells, and

Ouaieroua

than the

greater!:

the Fruit

is

<Pacoeira,

The SM&ngaa is very like the Apricock both in tafte and form.
The Tree Jaracaba hath a fpread Crown, leaves like thofe of a
The

full

Fig-Tree, yellow

of Kernels.

an exceeding fweet-fmelling Tree, bears a Fruit

Melons.
is

The Junipap, which

much

much

bigaer

hath Apples, which whileft they arc areen

arebeft, yielding a Juice which Dyes Coal-black, and therefore is us'd
by the
Natives to paint their Bodies with
The Apples when ripe are yellow within
is

taller,

and without, very well

tafted,

and melting

in the

Mouth.

Befides thefe fore=mention'd Fruit-Trees there are feveral others

that
this

Idand, amongft which

grow on

the Vua -plrup, eminent for

its Bloflom, which is yellow, blue, and red, and bears delicate Apples, which ripen beft in
the rainy
is

Seafon.
Laftly, the <Pekey,
fuls

which three

Men

cannot Fathom, bears a Fruit of two handbignefs, having a hard thick Shell, and within four Kidney*like
Kernels, each

concealing a prickly Stone, which hurts the

The

Plant Carouata hath Leaves an Ell

Mouths of unwary Eaters.

long, and two Inches broad

they are

very

c*

Chap. VII.

M E %, I C

A.

5, 3

very thick and thiftly from the middle, and about two Foot from the Ground
grows an exceeding pleafant Fruit, yellow without and within, three fquare, a
Finger long, and hanging oftentimes

fixty in a Clutter.

a fort of Melons, green without, and within full of white Pulp

Vm,

and black

Kernels, and hath apleafant Juice, dilTolves to Water, if cut in the middle, fweeter
than Sugar, and very refrefhing.

Root of the Plant

Manioch, a thick
to

Meal,

it

Manicup, Leav'd like a Fig*Tree

being ground

ferves in ftead of Bread.2

Befides thefe already mention'd, there are feveral other Plants, the moft ufual
are the great

flat

Beans

call'd Commandapouajfou,

and the long Peafe Command a-miry.

Here are variety of Birds of feverai forts, efpecially of Parrots, which flye in
great Companies, moil: beautiful to the Eye, and very docible to fpeak, and alfo
good for Food.
The Partridges Na?ibououajfou in bignefs no way inferior to a Capon, have blue
Feathers, and alfo Lay blue Eggs.

strange Krd>

The

Ouroitj

three Colours,

The

vizj>

red, black,

a Cock, but mix'd with

and white.

nam'd Jndkeurafazvc a mournful Note in theNight,often biting thofe

afleep, and fuck their Blood fo hard that it can hardly be ftopt.

Bats,

they find

The
flye,

Combe like

refembling a Partridge, hath a

Oftriches here call'd Tandou, being as

tall as

Man, cannot

a middle-fiz'd

but run as fwift as a Greyhound.

Their Fowl

call'd Falian,

with long

and Cranes Legs,

Bills

flies

very low, but

runs fo fwift that a Horfe can fcarce overtake them.

The Ocean about

Maragnan produces abundance of all forts of Fifh, and amongft

others the fjraon, fix Foot long, thicker than a Barrel, and cover'd with black
Scales of a hand-breadth.

The

much from

Fifh Camouroupouy differs not

the Pyraon, onely in having fewer

Scales.

The Ougry>
which wound
whileft

it

two

four Foot long, hath a broad Head, and

terribly.

This

Fifii alfo

fwimming

fliarp Fins

on the Back,

in the River, fmells

of

Musk

flays therein.

The like length hath alfo the Camboury QuaJJou, whofe Hog-like Head, and yel*
low fcal'd Tail, makes it feem like a Monfter.
The Jauebouyre is a Foot in thicknefs, in length two Fathom, and a Fathom in
Fathom long, out of the middle of which flicks
Bone, which makes fuch dangerous Wounds, that if any part of

breadth, and hath a Tail of half a

a (harp and great

a Man's

Body be touch'd therewith,

it

mull: be cut off.

The Narinnary, which is much leiTer, wounds with

The flat Fifh Jcaraiou hath the length of a Foot, a

its

Sting very dangeroufly.

green Head, thick Scales, a

yellow Back, and white Belly.

The

Jraououa hath a hard Skin,

three-pointed Sword, with which

Another

of the

fort

of Sword=fifh

is

eight times bigger than the Jcaraiou,

is
it

kills

and hath a

other Fifh.

the Tanapans,

whofe Sword

is

Foot

lefs

than that

Araououa.

The ficamo and

Car amour ou refemble the Pilchard,

and are taken

in great

abun-

dance near the Rocks.

The

Rivers and Brooks on Maragnan are alfo very full of Fifh, amongfl which

the Vourake, four Foot long, full of green, blue, red and white Specks

the Skin fo hard that no

but if it moves,

down on

the

it

Sword can

penetrate

caufes fuch a pain

Ground.

on the

it

Arm

wherefore

it

of him that

Bb b

and Streaks,
regards not a blow,

ftrikes, that

he

falls

The

StraS S e forts

ME

<a

5*4-

The

which

faurimata,

is

"KI C

very like a Carp,

mod

the

is

Chap. VII.

A.
delirious

that ever

Fifli

was

ta (led.

The

without Scales, colour'd red and yellow, hath

fyrain,

cut floapingly

Teeth, which

fliarp

and Jerou,

as alfo the Oj?ean y Tarehure, *Paraty,

red Crabs Oujfa y with hairy Legs, breed about the Roots of the fore=men-

The

grow

tion'd Trees that

Water.

in the

white Crabs Jouara-opjfa carry the Amber-greece, cad on the Shores to

The

their Holes.

They have

good Musfles, and well

rellifh'd Oyfters flicking

on

the

Boughs

faid Trees.

of the

During
breed

alfo

Handing Pools,

the rainy Seafon there are generally

many

Fillies,

which

are taken

up by

the Inhabitants

which yearly

in

when

the Pools begin

to dry.
Di'/er? kinds

of rtrange
Beafis.

abundance of four-footed Beads, amongfl: which

their wild Deer, Rabbets and Hares, differ little from the European* They have alfo wild Swine call'd Taiajfou , who feem to have Navels on their Backs, which caft
Moreover,

a fweet

Musky

this Ifland feeds

fmell

beiides another fort of Swine,not inferior to the former,but

of a ftranger fhape, being Mouth'd like a Hare, with two long Tusks in their up*
the foremofl Feet white, and
their Ears like a Mans
per Jaws,, and two beneath
hoof d like an Afs 5 the hindermod part of their Body like a Bear, and full of Bri;

dles, half white

and half black, three handfuls long

when

they creep in their

Holes their fearing Bridles fall ; they keep much amongd Brambles, feed on Apples
and Roots In the Winter Seafon they Stye themfelves up in their Holes.

Here are
fliarp

with a Boars Head, Dogs Ears,

alfo Pifmire^eaters, call'd Tamandua,

Ox Feet.

Snout, Horfes Hair, and

from wild Cows, onely they have fhorter Legs and

Tails, and wanting Horns, are Arm'd in ftead thereof with Teeth ; in their Heads

The

Tapiyre-cte differ little

are often found a Stone like the Be^par Stone.

,

Several forts of Armadillo's here differ

much

in

form each from the

The wild Cats Marjraia are caught for their curious Skin.
The Foxes Janoyarc, and Leopards SoyaJfoyaran both curioufly
t

other.

mark'd, are very

ravenous.

Here

is

alfo a

deform'd (low creeping Bead

call'd Al y

whofe Head

is

like a

Mans,

and cover'd with rough and grey Hair, on each Foot three Claws clofe together,
and at lead a Finger long, fliarp Teeth, a fmooth high black Nofe, little drow/ie
Eyes, no Ears, a Tail fmall above and broad at the bottom, long Aflucolour'd

Body

and being about the bignefs of a Fox, it climbs (lowly up

the Trees, and comes not down before it hath eaten off all the Leaves j it feeds
alfo on Earth, and fometimes fits on a high Bough without Meat twenty days to-

Hair over

all the

gether

goes fofoftly, that

it

it

will hardly clear fifty Paces in twenty four hours.

On this iOand are likewife all forts of Apes and Monkies, amongft which is one
mod remarkable, call'd The Zimme Cayon, hairy all over, with a long white Beard,
an old Mans Face, bald Ears, black Eyes and long Tail, which they wind about a
Bough, and fo hanging, fwing themfelves from one Tree to another they are very
;

wounded with an Arrow, they fet upon

when they climb up the Trees, they carry

fierce as

well as fubtile, for being

their

Enemy

without the lead

their

Mouths and Hands

full

chance to be wounded,

Wound

fear

of Stones to throw at Travellers- and

all

the reft that are near

fwift

come

if any

to help

young ones hang upon

with them, and leap from one Tree

with Leaves, and the

Dams, who run vsry

the

like

one of them

him, and ftop the

the

Backs of their

to another.

Juan

That the Coyons play at certain Games with the Natives for
Money, and fpend what they win in publick Houfes.
Jofepb de Acofta tells us, That one of thefe kind of Creatures being fent to a Tavern
for Wine, would not part With his Money before his Pot was fiird,which he defen.
Juan Ardenois relates,

ded from the Boys that

and though

it

lov'd

offer'd to take it

from him, by throwing Stones

Wine very well,

yet brought

at

them-

always home without

it

tailing.
It is

no

lefs

wonderful what Teter Martyr

relates

of one of thefe Creatures,

yi%.

That obferving one ready to fire a Gun at him, before he could difcharge, it leap'd
from the Tree and fnatch'd up a Child, which he held as a Buckler before him,
The SagoVm refembles a Lyon in the fore-part of the Body, with fliaggy Hair
;

T he^^/:

they are exceeding dainty and tender, yet fo ftubborn and fullen, that they take pet
at the leaft affront, and often pine themfelves away and die with hunger.

The

Serpent

<Boy-ete t

two Fathoms

long, without Legs, having a bright fpeckled

Skin and four (harp Teeth,wounds alfo mortally with

its

Tail

gerous, becaufe at the end of the Tail grows a Bladder, which

there were Peafe in

it,

which means he makes

which

but

is

moving

gives notice to the Traveller, though

peilt?<

rattles as if

unwary, by

his efcape.

other Serpents call'd Jouhoy, Tar-a-gouyboy, and Tarehuboy, ferve the Natives
for a great Delicacy ; as alfo the great Toads or Frogs, called Tourourou.

which

alfo a fort

their chiefeft

of Flies

Medicine

is

which exceedingly moled them, again (l

Palm-tree Oyl, and the %oucou, with which they
call'd Ton,

colour their Skins.

The

Natives of this Illand of Maragnan, driven out of the pleafant Countrey

Qayetehy thc-fortuguefe, are a fort of the Toupinambas, who Setled here about a hundred and

fifty

years ago.

The

time of their fird coming hither

folemniz'd with the great Feaft call'd Caoven*

on a Commander
fince the Ifland

ljut

becaufe a

usU formerly

Woman

boldly

to

fez

be

up*

Cups, there arofe a great Tumult amongft them, and ever

hath been divided, one Party calling the other TobdiarU, that is,
in his

Bbb

b#/

the lefs dan- femof&r-

The

They have

T he

'

Wc

51

M E %^I C

tf

We

are Enemies

They are

fo inveterate againft

Both

Chap. VII

A.

one another, that

who

e're they

take

middle Stature, have flat Nothe Birth of the Child ; they are generally a

Prifoners they unmercifully devour

are of a

which the Midwives make at

ftaoncr People, and many of them living a hundred

fes,

bald, or lick

they live

Women bear

Children

without being grey,

temperate, and under a wholfom Climate : Some of their

(as

they fay)

Oyl

%oucou, and

colour, by being anointed with Suet call'd

The Women

Ear-rings

through

but the

let their

to

it

Hair hang

Men hang

hang pretty long over

pluck out

their Ears,

naked

ftark

all

and

down to their Middle, and wear woodden

green Beads in their Lips, and thruft

They go all

their Nofes.

upon
Reprefentations. Thofe

the Juice of the Hexbjunipap, and

gures of feveral

The Men

otherwife they are well proportion'd.

the Hair of their Foreheads, but fuffer

behind.

they are eighty years of age, which being

till

Tawny

born white, turn to be of a

years,

their
;

little

Bones

Legs are colour'd black with,

the other parts of their

Body appear

that will manifeft their Valor,

and be

Fi-

ac-

over with Wounds, which they heal in fuch a

more plainly appear. They never come to their ufual

counted hardy, gafh their Bodies

all

manner, that the Scars may

Feafts,but drefs'd up in various colour'd Feathers; upon the Crown of their Heads
they wear Caps ftuck with Plumes, which they call Jcangoap, or Coronets, call'd
about their Necks,the Necklaces JiouacaVa^ over their Shoulders,the

Acangerar*

tles JJJoyaVe^ their

fhells full

Garters they call Tabacoura, at which they hang hollow Nut*

of little Stones, which gingle and rattle as they go,and about their

Armlets calPd

Man-

Mapouyh-couaycho'Vare

which are curioufly checker'd with various

all

Arms

colour'd Feathers.

The

Maragnans live not

much up

in the

Countrey, but rather on the Sea-Coaft,

becaufeof their Fifliing, removing every fixth year ? calling the Village where they

by the former Name^

Settle,

They

take every

each to one

Man,

Man as many Wives

as

he pleafeth

unlefs (he be Divorc'd

but the

Women

mull: flick

from him, which often happens upon

fmall occafions.

Their Cotton
Stakes, in

Hammocks

which they

call'd Iu y

on which they

fleep,

lie.

Singular Friends and Relations Feaft one another daily

revengeful againft their neighboring Enemies,

they fatten,

kill,

and

hang between two

eat.

to them, or againft their

The leaft

but they are cruel and

whom, when

they take any of them,

done them, or injurious word fpoken

Predecefforss, makes them take up Arms, which coniift of

Bowes and Arrows, which

affront

they call Ouyrapar and Oune.

from whence Weftward may be feen the Cape Tapouytapere, which at High- water feems like an Ifland,
and lies four Leagues from thence j at Low-water they can walk over the Sands
from the fame to the Main Land.
Here the

French have built the Fort St. LoYis

on an

Ifland,

This fruitful Countrey hath twenty populous Villages.

Weftward lies Comma, which gives Denomination to the chief Village, the River,
and the reft of that Countrey, wherein are fixteen more handfom Villages, better
built,

and more populous than Maragnan or

Tapouytapere,

Concerning the building of the fore-mention'd Fort on Maragnan,

followeth
The

occafion

of building
the Fort
i

agnan

Ma

hapned

as

The French Captain

amongft

it

^tffaut,

upon

the Advice ofOuyrapive,

his Maragnan Subjects, fitted out three Ships

who bore

a great

fway

but becaufe of a Contention

between the Seamen

France,

and the

and leave fome of

his

lofs

of

Men on

his chiefeft Velfel,

Maragnan, under the

he was fore'd to Sail to

Command

of a young

Gentleman

SP

\c
A. Cafirwrn ^lur-iaei
\n.O/&iim fiimiriis ad .fuftru -\t>
.

Cafhtim in irwntv
P/y/Jum- Scffpj- '

IS

Satellum
)'ut

G-

quiius q/cendeua".

.
.

jui
\Ffuiiv-?
yZwraw jui

&ar*/u

<//,

versus

^
i

mm

wmmmmm

'

l;

"

Gentleman

M E %jl C

iA

Chap. VII.

De Vaux, who

cali'd

A.
lift'.

carry'd himfelf Co difcreetly atnongft the Iflanders,

that they promised to embrace the Cbriftian Religion, if

Trance to

them againft

aiTift

'

make

Enquiry
into the whole Matter, where he fpent fix
J
l
I
which returning he found the King murder'd, wherefore the Bulla farther

Monechs

after
}

nefs lay dead for a while

and the Baron of

mulgating of the

but at length %a)>ardtere took with him the Lord

fome

over 11,tothe
Ifland

of

M*r&*>

3(o////>>

of the Queen-Mother, for the proReligion in Maragnan ; which being granted, they fet Sail

Sanfi, defiring

Chrijlian

Colon y of

French fent

Marajrnan. to

Supplies came from

of which De Faux advis'd the French

approv'd of it, and fent Monfieur De la ftaVardiere to A

their

who

the Fourth,

Henry
Kins
^
t?

Enemies

new

Capuchins

with three Ships Anno 1612. with which arriving

next the chiefeft Haven the Fort

fafely there,and

Landing, he built

by whofe foot two Rivers glide

into the Ocean. After which this new Plantation went on for a confiderable time,
till the Qortuguefe overpowering them, drove them out of this their new Field, maD riven cut
b
Pert akingthemfelves abfolute Mafters of the Fort, and alfo of the great Mountain ttou- guejt.
yapap, four Leagues high, plain on the top, twenty four Leagues long, and little
St. LeVts

on a

Hill,

lefs in

No Champain

breadth.

fome

under the Sun

is

more

pleafant and fruitful than

with Trees, in others hath brave Paftures, lies

un der a wholfom Climate, and abounds with frefh Springs, from whence are de*
riv'd ftore of Brooks, and Rivulets full of Fifli.

this

for in

places

it is

ftiaded

Sect.

The

XI.

Lordfhips Tamarica,

Rio Grande^ SiaraJ

and Para.

THe

Trrfetlure of Tamarka, not above three Leagues in length

breadth, fo cali'd from a

cincl:,

counted the

is

having otherwife nothing

in

little Ifland

that

it

is

who

and fo found by the Dutch,

attempted the taking of

but made

it

Pre* %>

very confiderable, lave onely a good

Haven

under

Command
<Peter

of

of

fL

held to be impregna*

it,

Heyn and

Defcriptioi
on

Stein Callenfels in

vain

mail be mention'd hereafter more particularly,

as

it,

its

Brafile,

the

is,

or Port, with a Caftle for the Security or

ble,

and part of

it,

in

moll ancient Lordfhip of

that

firft,

lying before

and two

ufelefs to the Vortuguefe,

Haven, and fo blocking it up.

This Capatania yielded formerly

by making

Bulwark

at the

Mouth of

the

Montefanto,

THe

whofe Right
Tr<efelure

it

Rent of thirty thoufand Ducats to the Earls of

was.

of (Rio Grande, afmall Precinct, fo denominated, as

'

lyincr

on

Deftri P tion

ofthe

l
r
r
the South=iide or that great River

? f *
which the <Portuguefe call QZjo Grande, M
Grande,
and the Natives fotingi, where it falls into the Sea, was once poiTefs'd by the French
about the Year 1597. who were outed by thc<Portuguefe, and the Place fortifi'd both
againfl: them and the Salvages, (of whom they flew and took Prifoners very great
numbers) with a Caftle, which the Dutch in the Year 1631. found an impregnable
piece., and too hard for them to take.

THe

<PrdfeflureoSiara,fo denominated

in the polTe/fion

of the

<2ortuguefe y

from the Haven

it

but they have therein no

io

hath long been

*&?&

Towns

mi ? oi Sear M*

of note,

onely a Caftle, and fome few Houfes for thofe that attend the gathering of CottonWool, and Manuring of the Sugar-Canes, which are here in great abundance, alfo
the

Countrey

is

faid to afford

fome Cryftal and other Precious Stones.

Bbb 3

Laftlj'jf

zA

5'8

Aftly, the Trafeciure otTara

D.fcription
of rde Lori
fliip

ME

upon

of Para

is

<KI

the

mod

C A.

Chap.- VII.

Northerly part

o<Brafrfe,

bordering

from the River Tara, which runneth through the

upon which, in a convenient place, and upon rais'd Ground

Guiana, fo call'd

midft of

it,

the Tortugueje have built a very flrong Cattle, well

towards the River, where

WalTd on

planted with Ordnance

all fides,

fave onely

quadrangu*
hundred
at lead three
Perfons of the Tortuguefe Nation (befides
lar
the Garrifon Soldiers) belonging to it, who have all Employment enough about
the Cotton* Wool, Sugar-Canes, and Tobacco,, which theCountrey is faid to afit is

built in a

It is

form, and hath

ford in great plenty.

A %jlat'wn

of

the

Troceedings of the Netherland Weft-India

Company

Year 1658.

in Brafile to the

^"IT^He

chief Difturbcrs of the Tortugueje in the poiTeffion of the Countrey of

for they having had good fuccefs
'Brafile, were the United Netherlander

with their

firft

Fleet,

under the

Command ofJohn

Zpotiyjobn Schdinger ,

SimonMau,and the Merchants

and

Anno

Beinier Van Hel,

Molenaer, John Dignumf*

(
Woodman fierard BeVeningen
y

Cornells

where they got fuch footing, that

they took whole Kingdoms, tothegreat enriching of the Eaftern World, where
they fpread their Trade over the whole Countrey, were thereupon emboldned to
venture alfo to the Weft, that thereby they might cut off the Sinews of the Kina of
Spain's Wars, he being continually fupply'd with Treafures from Jmerica,
The grand Promoters of this Defign were the Company of Merchants, whohitherto had Traded to Guinee and the rather, becaufe Guinee brought them but little
Profit, But to fee upon the Spanijl? Power, was a Bufinefs of no fmall Confequence.
1505. in the Eaft-Indies,

neverthelefs they undertaking

United Netherlands ,
A

Weft- India

Company
erefted

by

Anno

it,

obtain'd Letters Patents from the States of the

1621. for erecting of a Weft.India

Company,

which it was
declar'd, That none without the faid Companies leave fhould drive any Trade to
Africa from the Northern Tropick, to the Cape Bonne EJperance
nor to America from
;

the 'United
States.

in

Terre-Neuf to the Straights of Magellan, or Le Main

;

which

if

any attempted, they fhould

forfeit

nor

in the

Ship and Goods

South Sea to Anian

befides feveral other

Priviledgesand Immunities granted towards the promoting and efrabliOiingof the

faid Company. After a long Confutation which way to fleer their Cou-rfe, it was

concluded upon in the Council for the Affairs of the Company, to Invade 'St. Salvador in the Inlet Todos los Sanclos, whether they fent twenty Men of War and three
Ketches,

Commanded by Jacob

being under the

Willekens,

and

'Teter

Land Forces
beginning of the Year

Teterfoon Hein- the

Command

of Colonel John van Dorth. In the

1624, the Fleet fet Sail out of the Texel and the Maes, and infiveMoneths arriv'd at
St. Salvador. As foon as the Tortuguejes difcover'd the Dutch Fleet, they fhot without ceafing from the Fort

Thilippo

with three Brafs Guns,

as alfo

from

with four Demi-Canons, but chiefly from the Battlement

fcpare out of the Water before St. Salvador, from whence they play'd

Tapagipe,

St. Salvador

upon by
the Dutch

let

rais'd threeat

them with

twelve great Guns, whileft the Vice-Admiral ran within Mufquet-fhot of the faid
Battlement with three Ships, and found fifteen fortuguejc Veifels lyino- near eh-

under Pctsrj-

zoonin&wil'

the Caftle

Shore not

far

from the Caftle

Thilippo,

where there began

a fharp Conflict, to the

lel^ns.

no fmall advantage of Teter Hem* who thereupon ventur'd with three Boa^'to
Board the fifteen Ships which refolute Attempt of the 'Dutch Seamen fo amaz'u ule
:

Tortuguefe, that they fet their biggeft Ships

on Five, and

that efcap'd, being in all ten, the Hollanders took

fled

afhore

Thofe Ships

and brought them to the Fleet.

This

wmmmt

A
~&

D
T

Coawlmm-fe

Carrru

Tm-la.de Car-nu

Co,

Ceewfmm. S. 'y'mncifo

Career

d .~JuU.*.tiarcfat>nis et

.^Bor-ta.

S. Detat.

^lee-r^is Jh-aft&e

I SutvrimnL.
.

K
IS.

Coenc&ium- S. ^BetziL

CafieZhtm.

7TLarztEffurin

~H . mdgtut'TTuu&ternvnete

df&Tlum. S. ^JUerti

m
V

Chap.

<UL

M E%^I

C A.

of che Tortuguefe encouraging Peter Hem, he went with fourteen Boats,

each Mann'd with two hundred ArnVd Men upon the very Mouths of the Can
nons to the fore-mention'd Battlement and took the fame, notwithstanding the

This

flight

Stone Wall rofe eight Foot out of the Water, and above a hundred Portuguese defended it, whileft the Admiral Wtllekens fent twelve hundred Soldiers, and two hundred and forty Seamen afhore with Field-Pieces. The Forlorn-Hope confided of
La
fixty Mufquetteers, led by Captain Helmond, who was feconded by Lieutenant

Seamen following with Spades and Pick-axes the Referve was

brought up by Captain/^/, Jfenacb, and William Scbouten thus drawn out, they
were led toward* the City by the Guides Dirk Colver and Dirkde gutter,, along a narrow Way, which the Portuguefe might have guarded with a few Men, had they not
been all ftruck with a pannick fear, and making ufe of the dark Night, fled into
Gover- St. Salvador
the Woods. The Dutch found in the City an incredible Booty, becaufe the
taken by the
nor Dieo-o Mendo^a de Furtado had forbid the. carrying away of any Goods, that fo Dutch.
might
the Citizens might be the eafier perfwaded to defend the City which they

Mam,

the

all

well have done, had they not been furpris'd with the fuddennefs of the

when Wtllekens Anchor'd

considerable

here, there

number of Arm'd

were above

Citizens in

for
;

hundred Soldiers, befides a

fixteen

St. Salvador

A&ion

befides, in the Forts

about

Iron Guns.
the City on the Walls lay twenty three Brafs, and twenty fix
This Victory was fcarce obtain'd, when Colonel Dorth, who had loft the Fleet
at Point Vincent, arrived -here after all

which the

fled

was done, and caus'd Edids

to be publifli'd, in

Citizens were promised greater Priviledges under the l^etherlanders

Protedion, than ever they had under the King of Spain. Whereupon a few Portubut the greateft part of them, and thofe the mod confi*
guefe return d to the City
who laid the
derable, were partly kept back by Command of the Bifliop Teixera,
Furtado, and partly becaufe
fault concerning the lofs of the City on the Governor
;

the Spanifb Power.

they judg'd the Netherlander s unable to defend them againft
About the fame time feveral rich laden VelTels arriv'd there from Lisbon, Janeiro,

and other Places, all ignorant of the Conqued of St. Salvador.

City, the out*
Whileft Dorth and Wtllekens were ordering all things within the
till the
RzyingPortuguefe at laft taking courage, Storm' d the City from Midnight

Spirito Santo, Angola

upon behind unawares,

next day in the Afternoon, but fearing they flionld be fet
of Enemies,
after which Dorth thinking he had been free from all fear
Retreated
Counwith a (null Guard riding out of the City to take a view of the adjacent
and

of Braftltans
try, was fcarce got a Bowe-fhot from the Walls, when a great Body
him fo mortally, that
rudi'd forth unexpectedly from an Ambufcade, and wounded
off, and his Body
he fell dead from his Horfe, and had his Head fuddenly chopt

mangled very

Mart
City

lefsj fo

k Li I'd

by

an

Ambufcade,

terribly.

Scbouten being chofen

and

Col. Dorth

Governor

in Dorth' s ftead,

took no care to

fortifie the

Deceafe his Brother William Scbouten fuceeeding him, regarded it

things went to ruine, every one driving onely to enrich themfelves.

after his

that all

Sarmiento,
other Booties, they took the rich laden VeiTel whichFranctfco de
and a
Governor of Qnli, brought to St. Salvador, with fifty eight thoufand Guilders,

Amongft

much

greater

fum of Gold and

Pearls, all

which was imbezled away.

along the Seaside, runs up broad Delcn'ption

of St, Salvador.
a
of
being
whereof,
at the Suburb Carmo, hath four Market-places, into the bigged
hath many
long fquare, run nine Streets, the chief of which being very broad,

This City

St. Salvador, built

dately Houfes.

The

by Tkomas

fecond Market-place

de Sofa

is

of like form, onely

it

winds

a little to*

St. Francis,
wards the Right,and at the Entrance ftands a ftrong Prifon. TheCloyfter
Moat runs. Toinhabited by Jefuits, ftands in a Park near the Wall by which the

-d

M E%I C

5lo

Chap.

A.

wards the Sea-fide they have a fecond Stru&ure, much datelier than the Francifcan
Cloyder. Near the Prifon dands the Armory, and fomewhat farther the great
Church, which Jnno 1624. was not quite finifh'd. The Church dedicated to the
Virgin Mary appears with

Cloyder Bento

is

built

high Spire near the Gate Bento, without which the great

but the chief Church

-,

towards the South- Weft of the City

lies

is

On

St. Salvador.

the

between which and the

the Fort Antonio,

City (lands a very neat Pleafure*houfe, belonging to the Bifiiop.

De

there are four other confiderable Forts, vi%* Diego, St. Maria,

About

half

Bulwarks
and
A great Fleet
fee

way between

Befides Antonio

Gratia,

and

Fittoria )

and the Cloy fter Bento, (lands the Caftle with four
but on the Northfide the City is guarded by the Forts St. Teter, Philippo,
Vittoria

Tapetipe.

The 6^wi/Z?Kingfeeming

out by the
otSpain

utmod Poinc

Kttig

exceedingly concern'd

thelofsof fo eminent a Place,

out a great Fleet for the recovery of what had been taken from him

for the reco-

fitted

very of St.
Salvager.

{etherland Weft-India

Defence, and in

but the

having notice of it, put themlelves into a poilure of

a (hort time made ready eighteen Men of War and feven Ketches,

a thoufand fix

dred and

Land*Soldiers, John Dirkfzoon

fifty

Company

Mann'd with
day

at

hundred and ninety Seamen, and

Lam being Admiral

day of the extraordinary Preparations

thoufand three hun:

But news coming

was judged convenient

to flrengthen the Fleet with fourteen Ships and two Ketches more, carrying a thoufand four hundred and thirty Seamen, and five hundred eighty Soldiers, under the
Command of General Boudewyn Henrickfepon, and Admiral Andnes Veron. Moreover,
after

in Spain,

it

Company fitted out a third Fleet, confiding of four Frigats and three
Ketches, Commanded by Henry K^at, with Orders to Cruife along the SpanijkQ&aft.
the Weft-India

In the beginning of the Year 1625. Frederickde Toledo weighed Anchor from

withorie and thirty Gallions, four Pinnaces, three Tartans, and a Carvel,

Cales

The

carrying feventy five hundred Men.

all

Regiments,

Commanded by the

De Torreclufa.
Near St. Jago at the

Colonels fedro

Soldiers were divided into three

Oforio,

Juan

Orellana,

and the Mar-

quefs

African

Cape

Verde, Toledo joyn'd with the fortuguefe Fleet,

confiding of twenty one Gallions and fourteen Carvels and Barques, Mann'd with
four thoufand Seamen, two Regimentsof Soldiers, Commanded by Antonio Nrnme%
Barreio,

Menefes.

and

Francifco de Almeida

Which

but the chief

Commander

of

great Fleet being arriv'd at St. Salvador, Toledo

the Fort Antonio, leaving the

Command

he did, was tofet upon the Cloyder

was Emanuel
himfelf Landed at

this Fleet

of the Fleet to JuanFajardo

The

fiid thing

which having gain'd, he left Serjeant

Troppani with two Regiments in the fame, whiled he went and Storm'd the Carmelites Minder, and at lad took it
but in the mean time four hundred Hollanders Sal;
lying out, made a furious Onfet upon the two Regiments, who had pofleflion of
the Cloyder Bento, where the Spaniards fudain'd confiderable da mage- for befides the

wounding of three Captains, and

(lain the
nofa,

Commanders

and Colonel Pedro

Emanuel
Oforio.

Bento-,

the lofs of a great

Aaviitara, Alonfo de

But

Toledo

number of

Soldiers,there

were

Gana, <Pedro San SteVan, Diego EJpi*

no whitdifmay'd

courage, brought twenty nine Demi-Culverins afhore,

hereat, but taking frefh

which fiYd

fo

vehemently

out of the Carmelites and Bento's Cloydets, on the fevenieen Dutch Ships that lay
near the Shore, that feveral of them were fun^, and others fhatter'd beyond hopes

of ever being repaired. After

this the Spanifr

Army was

divided into three feveral

which continually fir'd on the City from three new rais'd Works
the
chiefed Party, which was in the Qarmelites Minder, had twenty three Brafs Guns
the fecon'd, plac'd on the great Wall of the Cloyder Bento, fir'd Night and Day
with eight Demy-Cannons on the City, in which all things were in a confufion,
Parties,

whiled

Chap. VII.
whileft the

Governor

ther railing at

MEKIC

William Schouten

who

the Soldiers,

Serjeant Hans Ernfi i\yf in his

went unconcerned from one Tavern

thereupon mutinying and depofing him, chof

room, who,

as

he was calling a Council of War, n

Summons from Toledo to deliver up the City at which

furpris'd, fent a Drummer with a Letter to Toledo, defiring him

ceiv'd a

iieged three

Weeks time

back for Holland

and

to ano-

to repair and

make

fit

muc

jfyfbtiag

to grant the Be

their batter'd Veffels to carry the

alfo that they might, according to Martial Cuftora,

out with lighted Matches, flying Colours, Bullets in their Mouths, and with Bag
and Baegage. To which Toledo returned Anfwer, That he was now in his own

Countrey, and had gotten porTeflion of four Fortifications about St. Salvador, on
which he had planted thirty feven Cannons, and therefore, fa w no fuch neceffity to
grant the Befieged (who could not poffibly expect any frefh Supplies) fuch advantageous and bold
discretion.

Yet

Demands

and Onely promis'd them

at laft William Stoop,

Hugh

hut

"toith

Francis du Qhefne

being

st.

That

i-

'

\-

the
3

all

from

in,

in

'Baggage, and have a free <PaJfage with frovipons and

things necejfary allow* d them

on the firft of May the City was defome of them had taken poffeffion
of the Gate Bento, before thofe on the other fide of the City knew of any Agreement that was made between Toledo and Colonel ify/. And thus the Place which

had a whole year been under the Jurifdi&ion of the Netber landers, fell again under
the poffeffion of the Spanijh Crown,onely through the indifcreet management of the
Commanders ; for otherwife it was fufficicntly flrong, and well ftor'd with Ammunition and Men, being able to make out two thoufand. Moreover, the Ketch
out before from the Holland Fleet, and brought news of the Forces
that were fent from the Netherland Havens to their afTiftance : But the Ships under
Admiral Lam, as alfo thofe under Boudewyn Henrh^oon, were ftay'd a confiderable
fet

time in their Harbors by contrary Winds, and at laft reaching the Line were becalm'd, and through the excefTive heat of the Climate many Men loft by raging and

mortal Diftempers,infomuch that they reach'd not the Bay Todos los Sanftos before
from the
the twenty fixth of May, on which they faw the Spanifb Flag ftreaming
Walls of St. Salvador, and fifty great Ships riding at an Anchor near the Shore.
The Netherland Fleet, divided into four Squadrons, confifted of thirty four Sail,

amongft which Lam carry'd the Flag on the Main-top, the Vice*Admiral Adrian
Mainmaft, and the
Chefzpon on the Fore-top, the Rere-Admiral Adries Veron on the
Commander of the fourth Squadron on the Mizne-top All of them feeing the Spa*
pretty
niards abfolute Mafters,judg'd it moft convenient to put to Sea^but ftandinga
while to the South, they found that the ftrong Current drove them to the Shelves
:

on the Weh>fide of the Inlet wherefore Tacking about, they made towards the
Enemy, who at firft feetrfd to meet them with twenty eight great Ships, but re;

turning towards the City,the Hollanders alfo flood to Sea again, Steering Southerly,
though without making much advantage in their Way, the Sea going very hollow,

and the ftrong Current

fetting

innofmall danger before

them towards

the Shore,

the River Francifco, where

by which means they were

many

of the

Men

dy'd for

wantoffrefli Provifions, and the number of the Sick increased daily, infomnch
It
that fome of the Ships were like to perifti for want of Men to guide them
was alfo judg'd dangerous to lie longer with fuch a great Fleet near a Lea-Shore,
:

League to the Northward of

and being
the River Monguapigape , from whence a ridge of Rocks extends to Tayciaon,
therefore they put into the Inlet Trayciaon,

which

the

landers.

for their Tr asportation for Holland. Whereupon

livered up to the Spaniards in fuch diforder, that

De Haes, was

skUm*

t^SfmmL
with Toledo on thefe Conditions
P/ n
march out unarm a,
the Condition itloastben
St. Salvador
.

(hould furrender

and

Jntonifzpon,

fent to the Carmelites Cloyfter, agreed

Hollanders

their Lives fiiould be at his

lies a

overflowed

iM-

ME R

Chap. Vi{..

'

High-water, hath three Openings or Entrances, two for great Ships,

The Sea alio breakpafs through
and one, the mod Northerner fmall Veffels to
Ships whatever Winds blow.. The Coun<v
ing againft this Cliff never molefts the
and hath a Lake two Leagues longhand a quaris overgrown with Brambles,
overflow'd

at

trey
ter

broad, on the oppofite Shore of which ftood a Village, inhabited by Portugueses

and

but the Portugueses flying from thence, left the brafilians in abfolute
The Hollanders going thither found thirty Chefts of Sugar in one Hut ;

'Brafilians

polTefTion
after

which the Admiral Lam caus'd

his fick

Men

to be brought afiiore, whileft the

Captains $oJJwi[en Swart, Dyke, Stalls, and U^eel, march'd up into the Countrey,
where they got plenty of Oranges and Cattel. In the mean time the Ketch Vosken>
Mann'd with thirty fix Seamen, Cruifing along the Sea-Coaft otfirafrie, took. three
one out of the Inlet Todos los Santtos, laden with Sugar and Tobacco, anoy

Ships,

ther with the fame Merchandife

from Pemambuco, and

the third laden

with Wines

On the firft of Juguft the Fleet fet Sail again, to the great forrow of
prote&ed by them againft -the Portuguefe,
the 'Brafilians, who out of hopes of being
forfaken, they expeded nohad joyn'd their Forces with theirs- but now being
from Madera.

thing but utter Ruine

which

to efcape,

many of them dehYd

had not the Hollanders

along with the Fleet, which had been granted them,

The

Frovifions for themfelves.

go
wanted

to be admitted to

Fleet getting off at Sea, the

Admiral Veron ran

kept eighteen
with twelve Sail to the Coaft ofjfrica 5 and <BoudeH>yn Henrickfzpon
Admiral Lam and thus
Ships under his Command, the reft returning home with
where above feven hundred Dutch
the Fleet left the unfortunate Haven Trayciaon,
:

Seamen were bury'd. Boudewyn Henrickfoon refrefhing at Qfe St. Vincent, fteer'd
from all Points of the.
Wefterly, when a Storm (which in twenty four hours blew
Compafs) furprifing him, broke his Main^maft, feparated the whole Fleet, and
funk the Bujhing Frigat

at laft getting

ing again, got to Juan de Porto

Tbe City
Perto Rico
fwrpriz'd

by

Hmrie^paoon

beyond

the

l(\e

Virgin Gorda, the Fleet meet-

about the

P(ico

end of September

latter

great courage, notwithstanding the

Haven Henrickfeon Sail'd with

whofe

into
;

narrow Mouth

of Brafs Guns, which fiYd very fiercely

upon him, who on the other fide was not idle in difcharging his Guns on the Fort ;
had not the (hallow Water before the City prevented 'his Landing that day, he
thereof was guarded by a ftrong Fort

full

and

Booty than afterwards he met with for the Inhabitants

but the next Morning
had, during the Low*water, remov'd all their beft Goods
Men, march'd into the
before Sun-rifing, the Admiral Landed with eight hundred
had gotten a

far

greater

City without any refiftance, pitched the

ded

from

Flag on the Governor's Houfe, guar-

which he found there, for fear his

Duty, fir'd
fhould make themfelves Drunk therewith, and fo negleft their
gained the Re,
the Land-fide towards the Caftle with three Brafs Guns,

all

Men

States

Avenues, unhoop'd

the Wine-Casks

all

fmall
doubc, built for the fecurity of the Bridge, which unites the
from whence he
is built with the great, rais'd a Platform,
Porto

%o

Night with
kept

Capt
(lain.

x tel

fix

Cannons, guarded by Captain Thyene,

Watch near

the Fort

but

his

Men

being

mod

I fle

on which

Day and
whileft the Commander U&el

of them

fick,

fir'd

he could not

do

as they did daily,

any great Exploits, efpecially fince the Spaniards Sallying out,
Captain U^cel, after he had Ihot
kill'd many of the Hollanders, and amongft them
down two Turrets from the Caftle which damage the Enemy repair'd by taking
could not prevent frefli Supfeveral of the Hollanders Boats by which means they
;

daily to
from going to the Caftle the Befiegers in the mean time beginning
whereupon Henrickfoon
be in greater want for Ammunition and Provifions

plies

judg'd

it

convenient to found

the City Porto Pjco

on

fire in

Retreat, after he had

four places.

In

fet

the Ships belonging to

which Retreat he

receiy/d fo

many

farewel

a M E %_t C

-Chap. VII.

A.

525

farewel Shots from the Fort, that they were forc'd to go to the Leeward to flop
in lieu whereof the Weft.
their Leaks, and leave one of their Ships to the Enemy,

Frigattook a Barque with four Rrafs Guns, in the little Haven Sierra Gorda
frem whence the Fleet ran into the Weftern Bay of the Ifland forto <%ico, where
.

Capel
-

whileft they repair'd and took in frcfii Provifions, Henrickfzoon fent the Ships Hefter
and Jonas richly laden for Holland* the remaining part of the Fleet meeting with

ftrong contrary

Tydes

at forto fyco,

were

neceflitated to put into the Inlet Francifco,

wberethey made feveral Marches up into the Countrey, to thelofs of many of their
Men which were kili'd by the Spaniards, lying.in Ambufcade amongft the Brambles that grew along by the Ways.
In the middle of January, Anno 162,6*. Hennckfzpon Sailing about the North of **%j*
"'
y He
thence along the Ides Martinigo, Lu%ia, and
0H
<Porto <I(ico, fteer'd to Dom'mico, and from
where Landing, and
the Promontory De tres Juntas, towards the Ifland Margarita,

Storming the Caftle on the Land*fide with

works but the Spaniards flopping up the

they had without doubt been

all (lain,

fifteen

Way

Men, he

gain'd the

firft

Breaft-

along which they were to return,

had not the Captains StapeUnd Eftiennecome

them climbing up the Bulwarks, betook

to their afliftance ; for the Spaniards feeing
them to their Hecls,after they had kill'd nine of the fore-mention'd fifteen, amongft

whom were

the Captains Urk

ami Molkman

of thofe that leap'd over into the Ditch

That the
moft part efcap'd thofe few that were taken informed the Hollanders,
Way towards the Village, inhabited by Spaniards, was every where ftopt up with
become Ma*
Barricado's, through which none were able to pafs. Hendrickf^pon thus
together with three Brafs,
fterof the Fort, fent the Booty which he had gotten there,
all the Houfes,
and five Iron Guns, aboard of his Ship, blew up the Fort, burnt
Mauand ran into the Haven Muchina, to which he gave the Denomination of fort
;

rice

where, befides a great number of dry'd

one'salt-pit.

After this he taking in

frefli

he took forty

Fifli,

Tun of Salt

H;

out of

Provifions at St. Fe, difcover'd Jves, a

of high Trees, took above two hundred Sheep, and abundance of red
Wood on Bonaire, and before the Coaft a Spanifl) Frigat richly laden, made Inflefrom whence he fell back on the
ctions into the Havens of Hijpaniola and Jamaica
four Spanijh Ships, he
Coaft of forto %ico, about the Ifland Mona, where difcovering
got abundance of Tortoifes and
took three of them, and burnt the fourth ; he alfo
the little fandy Ifles
Crocodiles on the great Caiman, and took a new Ship between
informed him, That the Fleet from the
as alfo before Cuba a Barque, which

low

Ifle full

Qaios,

New Spain, was daily expected at Havana Thence Sailhundred Tun, and abundance
the Haven Cabannas, he took anew Veflelof a

Honduras, as alfo that from

ing into

he Landed alfo with feven hunof Timber and Carpenters Tools one the Shore
whence he march'd along a narrow
dred Men on the Eaft*fide of the Haven, from
found a running Stream, Paftures
Path* a League up into the Countrey, where he
warn'd by the Barking
of Cattel, and a Village, the Inhabitants whereof being
;

full

of their Dogs,

fled,

and

left all

manner of

frefh Provifions to

the Hollanders, viz.

ananas, ftop, Calves, and

above two thoufand Oranges, abundance of Lemmons, <B
After this they took
Bacon ; all which having fent aboard, they burnt the Village
laden with Timber, another Barque
a Spanijh Barque before Havana, as alfoa Ship
one VefTel with live Tor,
with Poultry, Cochenile, Money, and Haberdaflhery Ware,
While the
Fifli, and fome Merchandife.
toifes, and another full of Salt, dry'd
Havana, the Admiral Hennckfoon
Fleet was thus Cruifing up and down before
great Conduft : After which Adn fk[<
dy'd a Man of moft approv'd Valor, and of
the Pro- <& Jjj
but the Men mutinying about the dividing of
carry'd the Flag
:

Chefoon
vifions,

which besan to grow

very fcarce,

all

things

fell

into great diforderj the

Adrian Che
teen.

Seamen

*d

M EXlCA.

5H
Seamen

Commanders,

rebell'd againft their

Chap. VII.

faying, Thai

they

had been out long enough,

New

and that they would not ft ay waiting any longer for the Fleet from
Spain or Honduras :
Wherefore fleering Home, they all arriv'd fafe at the Jexel and other places in
Holland.

came

to

a/fift

we have

given you an Account of the Fleet which

the City of St. Salvador, divided into two Squadrons j eighteen Sail.

In our foregoing Relation

'Boudewyn Henrickfoon keipt

under

his

Command, and

twelve Sail remained in the*

Admiral Veron's Squadron, who Sail'd to the Inlet Serre Leona, where he found the
Admiral John Dirkfeon Lam with three Ships, which had lay'n there above two
Moneths, by reafon of the Sicknefs amongft the Seamen.

King of this

Frambore,

gather as

were
A.

ftrange
kind of Baboon.

Place, granted

Lam and

many Oranges and Lemmons

as

Hunt, and to
with which the Seamen

Veron free liberty to

they pleas'd,

and amongft many other things carry'd a

Leona, which fo exactly refembled a Man, that it

fo refrefh'd^ that they fet Sail again,

Baboon with them from Sierra

was wonderful to behold, having a Body, Hands, Eyes,
like a Man, fmoak'd Tobacco amongft the Seamen, made

The

beaten.

Ears, Feet and Actions

x
a noife like a

Child

Inhabitants of Sierra Leona, where thefe Monfters run in great

Woods,

panies through the

when
Com.

believe that the Souls of the Deceafed refide in them.

John de Laet, in his annual Journal of the Tranfa&ions of the Weft-India Company, affirms, That he faw a Female of thefe monftrous Creatures, which ufually

had her monethly Flowers.

The

Fleet, as

at Commany,
fifty
The Hollanders

ill

before mention'd, Sailing from Sierra Leona,

and Landed twelve hundred

Negro's

the

Caftle

Del

Men

came to an Anchor
befides a hundred and

at (poquena,

which Regiment Mdries Veron and Arend

-,

Jacobfzoon carry'd to the

Company, Commanded by Ham Gryf,

The Hollanders tir d and thirfty, Encamp'd

Caftle Del Mine, whither they before fent a

fuccefs

before

Mine.

is

of the Enemy.

to prevent the Sallies

themfelves near the Fort, and whileft fome of the Men were feeking for Water,
others fmoaking Tobacco, and lying without their Arms and in diforder on the

Ground, and the Commanders were taking a view of the Fort from a neighboring
Hill, two hundred Negro's fell upon the fcatter'd Army with great rage and fury,
and fo much the greater, in regard the fortuguefe had promised them great fums of

Money

for every Hollander they kill'd

they being difpers'd and kill'd like fo

Officers flain,

and in a

never any

many

Army was in

fuch a diftraftion,

Sheep, the Admiral Veron and

all the

Men cut off; and had

not Captain Arendjacobf^pon been in League with the Inhabitants of (ommany, whither the routed Regiments fled, not one Klan had efcapM that bloody Slaughter :
Nor was it

to

fliort

much purpofe

time four hundred and forty

to Befiege the Caftle Del Mine, becaufe the Bullets hit-

ting againft the Walls of the Caftle, built all of Rock.ftones, did no Execution.
But the four Ships informed of this miferable deftruction, fell down to Commany
t
to fetch thofe that were left alive, and return'd home with the other eleven.

During the unfortunate Expedition of this

nine great Ships and

Command
cted

about the

Weft Andia Company

Spain

fitted

out

Ketches in the beginning of the Year 1616. under the

o<Peter feterjzoon Hein, to Cruife for the Spanijl? Ships that

from 2^e^

The Fox

five

Fleet, the

were expe-

and Honduras.

Frigat being fent before to inform Henrickfzpon

otHeyns coming, reach'd

end of May beyond the Ides Dominico, Guadalupa, MeVis, St. Chriftophers, and by Santa Crux
there not finding a Harbor on the South-fide, becaufe of
the Rocks, (he Saii'dfrom Mona over to the Main Coaft, where feven
Leagues Weft*
ward of Carakefi he difcover'd a high broken Land, whofe Mountains feem'd to
latter

reach to the Clouds

from thence fhe

fteer'd

to the

Promontory

Caller a> the Ides

Marga-

Chap. VII.

<tA

Margareta and Coche } on which

lofs

of forty

fix

Men,

kill'd

M E%_IC

A.

52?

he took abundance of Goats, not without the

lafl:

by the Spaniards and

Indians.

while the Admiral Peter Heyn, in the beginning of Ju%e, Sail'd to the
Southward of 'Barbados, an Ifland pretty mountainous, as hath been formerly men-

Mean

tion'd,

and

full

of Woods, and by Martinino, whofe Hills are very high and over-

grown with Trees.

"a Fruit refembling

Here

Peter

Heyn could get nothing

which grew on

elfe

but fweet Water, and

round Leav'd Tree, whofe

Sailing from hence, and Landing on Guadalupa, he found

a green Grape,

Juice cur'd the Sciirvey.

Fathom long and one broad, and cut out of one Tree. The Inhabitants, a well timbered People, went ftark naked, and denYd to be excused, that they
could not furnifli the Hollanders with more PrOvifions, becaufethe French and Enga Canoo feven

lijh,

Inhabitants of St. Chrijlophers , had pillag'd them.

Near Mona the Fox Frigat joyn'd with the Fleet, with information, that he could
hear no tydings of Henrickfepon j wherefore Peter Heyn judg'd it convenient to Sail
along the South-Coaft of Hifpaniola with a feparated Fleet, which was to joyn again
near the great Caiman. Near Cape de Corientes theVutch took a Spanijb Ship laden with
after that another with Sale and Fifli, and on the Shelves before Code
Sarfaparilla
before the Promontory Antonio, a Fly-boat with Tallow and Hides, and at the
fame places two VefTels more with Ballaft, the Men whereof informed him, that
the Fleet from ]S(ew Spain had about a Moneth before weighed Anchor from the
j

Haven Juan
ved there

de Ulva,

and

fet Sail

wherefore Peter Heyn

to

Havana y fo that without doubt they were

fteer'd

coming up

Tortugos, in hopes, if he could, to

Before the Promontory De Floridaho difco*

overtake fome of the heavy Sailers.

ver'd feven Sail, and

towards

arri-

nearer, above thirty, which, had Henrkkf^pon been

united with Peter Heyn,ha.d withoutdoubt fallen into the hands of the Netherlander!

but

it

being judg'd amadnefs to

Ships, they Sail'd

where he met

away

fet

upon

undifturb'd.

fo great a Fleet

Peter

three Canoos with flrange

Heyn

Men

in

with fo fmall

fteer'd his

them,

Courfe along

who came

number of
Florida,

aboard of him,

were painted with feveral colours, onely Mats of Ruflies

their MerMiddle, and on their Backs long TalTels hanging down

their Bodies being naked,

about their

chandife confifted of a fort of

Gum of little value. The Netherlanders

in this Place,

but the
took alfoa VefTei with Sina Leaves, and fome pounds of Ambergreece
Scurvey increafing daily amongfl them, they Tack'd about, and ran to an Anchor
at Sierra Leona, where they ftay'd till the latter end of January 1617, and then fet Sail
:

to !Brafde, and overtook a VeiTel from Madera laden with a hundred and fifty Pipes
of Wine, and other rich Goods, and ran into the Inlet Todos los Sanflos with undaun-

Guns that were fiYd from the Fort and Battlements

of the City St. Salvador, near which lay thirty Sail of Ships, to which he making up, Succefs of the
againlt
fteer'd between the Portuguefe Admiral and Rere-Admiral, whom linking, he fore'd the
^ P.rtuFleet,
the Admiral to furrender, whileft the Hollandia and Geldria Frigats fell upon the -reft, *'J
which were forfaken by the Seamen, who leap'd over-board then feveral Mann'd
Boats of the Hollanders (notwithstanding the Enemy's continual firing) went and
all which they did in three
fetched off twenty two Sail of the Portuguefe VefTels
hours time, onely with the lofs of fifty Men, befides fome that were wounded,
amongfl: whom was the Admiral, being (hot with a Bullet through the Arm, and

ted couraae,not regarding the

'utch

wounded

in the

Legs with a Splinter

his Ship alfo

was, with the

Gelria Frigat,

driven with the Spring-Tide on a Bank, whence, after the Gelria had received above
befixty Shot from the Enemy, they both got off at laft- but the Admiral's Frigat
ing

mot

in a

manner

to a

for the Orange-tree Frigat

Wreck,was

fet

blew up, with

on

fire

fixty

which Misfortune ended not there,

Men,

Ccc

fourteen whereof, though mife

rably

AMERICA.

52 6

Chap.

VIL

Lives fav'd. Soon after which the Admiral fent into

rably fcorch'd, had their
the Hoof, Koftra Sennora de la Vittoria, and the <Black'Ljon,
Holland the Ship St. feter,
Lading of Hides, Silver, Gold, and Precious Stones, were

which

befides their

moft of them

full'of

Sugar

which

fafely arriving, did not a little

encourage the

Heyn took two Ships with Slaves from Angola,

tfeflMia Company. After this
would not redeem, were put afliorc on
which becaufethe Governor of St. Salvador
On the laft of March he fet Sail from the Inlet 7odos los Santos, pafs'd by
Taperica.
by the Abrolhos before the HighMono fablo, and on Eafier Eve with a flrong Gale
Ve Jenero, hedifcover'd two Sail, one whereof
land between Cape Bio and the River
but the other efcap'd in the Night . then Sailbeinp laden with Sugar was taken,
Spirito Sanilo, he digg'd Pits on fome of the Rivering on to the meandring Stream
was not fafeto Land on the Continent on each
Iflestoget frefh Water, becaufe it
of Arrows from the Thickets,
becaufethe Inhabitants (hot frequent Oiowers
:

fide

Town Spirito Sanclo

fent off feverai

being cafily quench'd did

Fire-Oiios at the time of Flood, but they

no harm. Here

in

which they lay ambufcaded.

Moreover the

with Wines and Piece-Goods, was taken by Heyn, who

the Vice-Admiral Coragain divided the Fleet into three Squadrons,
River La Plata, Henrick
three Ships to Cruife withal before the

alfo a Veffel laden at Lisbon

fetting Sail
nells Oole

keeping

Mouth of the Stream Jenero,

had one Frigat,a Ketch,and a Carvel, to guard the
four Frigats, three Ketches, and a Barque,
whileft the Admiral himfelf Sail'd with
riding near the Shore by the
towards the Inlet Todos los Sanblos, where two Ships
taking a Barque he was inform'd, that
Fort Tapecipe, were by him fet on fire. Alfo
fending fome Boats to explore
VefTels lay in the River Tapecife, whither he
$eft

fix

laden

Men in the Mouth of the Stream, and

the truth, they found a great Ship without
lying near the Shore . bringing back
half a League farther fix <Portuguefe VefTels
Ketch the next Morning,
news thereof to the Admiral, he went aboard of the Wox
the River, and perand taking two Ketches and feverai Boats with him, Sail'd up
up higher, and were Mann'd
ceiv'dthat the fore-mentiond fix Ships were gotten
Captain Tadilha ; the Vortuguefe
with a hundred and fifty Soldiers, Commanded by
Netherlander s Boats, but he
Admiral lying in Ambufcade, no fooner perceiv'd the
them, infomuch that it made them Retreat,
let fiie a whole Volley of fmall Shot at
Heyn animated his Men to board
and their whole Defign had been fruitlefs, had not
fo fuccefsful that they mafter'd the
the Vice.Admiralj which encouragement prov'd
which fo amaz'd the two VefTels
fame, killing all thofe that fell into their hands
and left their rich Ladingto the difpofal
that lay by, that all the Men fwam afhore,
and fifty
befides which the vanquifh'd Party loft above a hundred
-

of the Hollanders,

Men, and

Conquerors but

the

fifteen.

Somewhat

up lay three Ships more,

narrow that the Trees on each

farther

but the River being dry there at Low-water, and fo

to profecute the Defign
Shore could touch one another, Heyn judg'd it convenient
Prizes, which he did not
no farther, but to return with the three fore-mentiond

without great
the

Mouth

himfelf fet

difficulty

for the Tortuguefe

had

rais'd

Battlements on each fide of.

which Heyn
of the River Tapecipe, and ftopt the fame with a funk Veffel,
on fire at Low-water, and return'd untouch'd through thick Volleys of
to be fetcht
flew about his Ears to the Fleet, leaving the three Ships

Shot, which

which end he commanded that they fhould hang fome of the

Boats, that fo the Men
taken Hides about the Fox Ketch's Pinnace, the Carvel and
rather, bewhich were in them might ftand fecure from the fmall Shot, and the
River but by Toethe Ships could not be got out of the [hallow and narrow

off afterwards

to

caufe

with a confiderable number of

doubting but to
Citizens and Soldiers behind the fore-mention'd Battlements, not

ing.

Mean

while the Governor of

St. Salvador lay

tak e

AM R

Chap. VII.'

take revenge for the LolTes fuflain'd

,

I C A.

by Beyny

who

527

nevcrtheleis

coming down

thi?

Toed

out the three Prize-fhips with Boats hung about with Hides, firing into
the Enemies Battlements wkh his great Guns, which ha had put aboard of the Fox
ther

About the middle of 'June he took in-che Prize-goods in view of the City
St, Salvador, where feven Netberland Ships from ieveral places lay at an Anchor.
Setting Sail from hence on the fourteenth of July, and reaching IS^oronho^ known by
a Mountain which appears like a Steeple, he met with Qornelis Doles Fleet, (who
Ketch.

had been Cruifing before La Flata) with whom he arriv'd fafe in the Texel, having
in their Way thither from X^oronho taken a Prize, laden with Sugar, Tobacco, and
Srafile

Wood.

During feier Heyns Expedition Thorns Sickes,

pany, weighed Anchor out of the Texel with two
found a

burnt

down

fitted

out by the WeftJndia

Com-

tksmttt Sieves
his

Sail,

and coming to St

Vincent he

Expedi-

tion,

'

Hulk, took a fortuguefe Pink with' Slaves

from Angola Near the Inlet Todos los Santlos he funk a Barque, having firft taken
feveral Pots of Oyl and Packs of Linnen out of the fame
Before Ternambuco he
Sfanijh VeiTel

to the

took a Carvel with a hundred and eighty Pipes of Wine, and a VeiTel with Sugar
and Hides, and drove another afliore againft the Promontory St. Auguftim. But
Siches

ken

being fupply'd and ftrengthned by three Ships from the Texel, and four

VeiTels,

Angujl'me,

ran with four to Todos

and two more to the North oTernamhuco

order/d to (lay a
leturn'd

Santlos, fent

los

Moneth one

home with

fo

many

for another,

two
:

to Cruife about Cape St*

Atthelfle

from whence,

ta-

after

frfyroribo

much

rich Prizes, that they pay'd their

they were

hardiliip, they

Charges ten times

double; which fo encouraged the Adventurers, that the Chamber of the

IVefiJndia

Company in Zealand fitted out three Sail under the Command of Henrick Lucifer,
who weighing Anchor from Flufhing Anno 1 627. fteer'd along the Coaft of jfricd by

iSeur\c\

cifer fee

from thence North North- Well to the Stream Wiapoco,

to fettle a Colony there } to which purpofe Rowing up the River with Sloops, they
came in the Night to two empty Houies, built at a place c&ll'd Wacogcnive^ which
they judgM fit for their purpofe
wherefore they carry 'd all things afliore which
to the Jma^pne River, and

they had brought out of Zealand with them for the

were

all bufie

new

Planters,

building of Huts, a Negro was taken Prifoner,

who

who

while they

being ask'd

why

That it was occafiori'd from a guilty Confcienee

for two years before a Barque and two Sloops with Qkriftians coming thither from
the jimazone River, had flay'd thirty days on Wacogenive, when unawares they were
fet upon by the Natives, and all kill'd except three, who were yet living. Upon
which Lucifer faying four Indians ythrcc Men and one Woman, aboard of his Vefiel,
threatned to put them all to the Sword, unlefs they would produce the three foremention'd Christians
Whereupon the next day a German came to the Water fide,
of whom they could get little Information, he having in a manner forgot his native
Tongue; but at length the other two coming thither, the eldefl of them, nam'd
John Hendricfzoon, related to him, That the Tortuguefe in great numbers fell upon
the Inhabitants fled

reply'd,

the Plantations near the Ama%pne River, Governed by Captain Oudaen,

who

after

he

had fought valiantly a whole day, being overpowered by number, retreated to his
Barque, and Sail'd into the Creek inhabited by the Englifh, whither the Tortuguefe
following in

Canoos, cut off

not onely Oudaen, but the Englifh

onely efcaping in a Barque under the

the River Wiapoco

treacheroufly

where they had

[hot Lieutenant

felves into four Parties

Command

ftay'd

Brum

forty fix

alfo,

of Lieutenant feter de

Men

'Bruine to

about three days, when Sergeant Matruit

after

which the forty

fix

divided them*

but the Inhabitants to rid themfelves of thefe Strangers,

under the fliew of great friendflrip,made them Drunk with the Liquor

Ccc

call'd Ternau,

and

out

the Weft'

India
pany.

Com-

528

^ME'KICA.

Chap. VII.

himfelf and two Germans. Which villanous a&

and then murder'd them all, except
punifhment but his Orders being to fhew Kindnefs and
Lucifer judg'd worthy of
Murder to go unpunifh'd, but built a trithe Inhabitants, he fuffer'd the

Civility to

a Hill eight Fathom above the Shore, to

angular Fort near the River Wiapoco, on
which done, he went to vifit the Ifland Blanco,
prevent the palling by of Sloops
to the Bay of Honda,
he caught three hundred Goats. From thence he went

where

People, tall of Stature, having long Beards,

the Inhabitants whereof are a valiant
Sea-fide is a Salt-pan, of
wearing Copper Rings through their Ears. Near the

and

Sail again from hence,

which the Inhabitants make great benefit. Lucifer fetting
at Jmfterdafn, before
met with three Ketches fent out by the Weft.India Company

The Commander Dirk

Corientes.

Simonfeon Van

Uitgeeft, fleering his

Courfe to-

with Meal, Silk, and other

wards the Promontory St. Anton, took a Frigat laden
the River <Poros, defcrying two brave
rich Goods, and within view of Cuba near
three Ketches- one of which,
Gallions from Honduras, bore up to them with his
Gallions, was in no fmall danger, the
call'd The Lyon, being got betwixt both the

up out of their little VefTel into the high Gallions,

down with their Pikes but no fooner
in which the Spaniards ftood pufhing them
them, but Uitgeefi got
didthe Netherlanders throw their Hand-Granido's amongft
nimble Sailing got
of the Gallion, and carry'd her off, whileft the other by
Netherlander s not being able to get

aboard

this Prize Uitgeeft thinking

With

away.

himfelf fufficiently enrich'd, fteer'd home-

wards.
Jooft John/on

and

Claes

coming from

a Ship

Henrickfaon,

Commanding

each of them a Ketch, took a

Lisbon before fernambuco, laden

with Meal,

Salt,

Wine, and

and not long after a Pink with fix hundred 2{egro's a Barque with
Wood, Sugar and ToSalt and Iron,' a Ketch with Wine, and a Frigat with <Brafile
returned
Before Itamerica they took two Prizes more with all which they
bacco

thirty

Monks

to the Texeh
Peter

AM-

anfzacn's
Expedition.

The

Weft-India

Company

thus enrich'd by the Spoil taken

from

their

Enemies,

out twelve Ships again under the Command of Peter Adrianfooon Ita, which
kt Sail in the beginning of the Year 1628. and anchored firft before <Blanca, an Iflc
abounding with Goats,the Ground ftonie, and in fome places Rocky, and having a
fitted

fmall,

butvery convenient Haven, from whence

Ita

ran beyond Porto

k\cn thoufand weight of Ginger, and Landed

he took a VeiTel with

ti^ico,

where

oppofite to

Water, and then Cruis'd

informed him,
to and again before Cuba, took fix Barques, the Prifoners whereof
That the Honduras Traders were on their Way coming thither, and that they had
Hifpaniola

on

the ftonie

Me

two fmall Men of War

Catalina,

for

their

where he took

Convoy

in frefh

Not long

after Ita difcover'd

them

Haven of Havana, but before they could get in,

Captain Johnfeters, whofe Ketch carry'd two Brafs, and fourteen Iron Guns, boar,
ded the Vice-Admiral, but having no Graplings to take hold with, the Spamfl? Ship
which the Admiral
ran aground, as likewife John Peterf^oon in the purfuit of him
Sailing along the Shore towards the

feeing, came to affift his Vice-Admiral, and ran aground on one/ide of John Peters,
which drove the Netherlanders Ketch in great danger, flic not being able to do Execution with her fmall Guns, whileft the Spaniards with their Demy*Cannon play'd

was Ita, by reafon of calmnefs and contrary Tide,

able to come up with them, but was forc'd to (land Northerly, that fo he might
get an Eafterly Wind, which about Noon always blows frefh here, and fo by degrees got near the Sfanifh Fleet, till atlaft coming up with the Vice-Admiral, call'd
vehemently upon her

St. J ago,

neither

he threw Fire-pots into her, and prefently after boarding her, enter'd with

chat Valor, that

of three hundred Spaniards above a hundred and

fifty

were

flain

for

were kilTd

for thofe that leapt over-board

and Anthony Gonde

John Braems,

M E %,I C

*J

Chap. VII.

upon

fell

In both thefe Ships Ita took

took her.

digo, above

Six:

jz 9
whileft JMcb'w Guys^oon

Admiral Sennora

Two thoufand

Two thoufand

thoufand Hides,

Water

in the

the

A.

de

los

Qfymedios

and

hundred Chefts of In*

hundred Packs of Sarfaparilla,

five

five

Balfam Oyl, Seventy thoufand Pound of Ginger, One and twentyBars of Silver, Twelve Brafs , and Twenty eight Iron Guns ; all which having
taken out, he fet fire in both the Ships.
feveral Pots of

little

with

before this Victory

Men of War
two Men that were

fixty three

they found
WtapoTV,

weighed Anchor from

the Fortune Frigat

Landed on the

to be

left

of feven

who

Ifland Tabago.

having

fetled

At

FluJJring,

St. Vincent

along the River

under Captain John ffynQfjen, were forc'd by the falvage Natives to remove,

two whereof dyed by the way, the remaining five landing on the Ifle Trinidad, had
three of their Companions kill'd by the Indians of Granada
they being Frenchmen}
to whom the Natives bore an inveterate Hatred , fo that they left onely the two
,

The

Hollanders alive.

near the

Fortune aflifted

by the South -ftar Ketch

took a

rffch

Barque

IJles des Virgines.

Not long

Command

after the Weft-India

Company

otDerkk Simonfzon Uitgeeft,

iE *~
out twelve Ships more, under the
^(tf
(who had the year before brought home the
fet

two fore^mention'd great Prizes,) who letting Sayl and getting into the large Bay
catch'd feveral Goats and Tortels. Before the Coaft
of the Rocky Ifland Vincent
oi&rafile he took two rich Cartels, one from Pernambuco , and another from the In*
which Prizes having fent home with three Ketches, he fayl'd
let Todos los Santlos
towards Sierre Leona , known by high and thick Woods , which grow on a high
,

Coaft
fels

from whence returning again

amongft which was one Gallioon from Goa

monds.
Thefe

fuccefsful Expeditions

WeH-India

Company,

Men

of the Fleets

fet

he took dx rich laden Vef-

with a great Treafure of Dia*

out from time to time by the

Expedite.

enabled and encourag'dthem to undertake Matters of great-

They

er confequence, vi%.

fand

to Pernambuco

fitted

out one and thirty Sail, which carryed four thou*

one hundred and thirty Brafs Guns

and

five

hundred

fifty

eight Iron

Guns; of which Peter Petersen Hein being Admiral, took near the Soundings of
Tortuga, two Barques from Havana, the Men whereof inform'd him, that the PlateFleet was not yetarriv'd there nor that from Terra Firma, but were both expected
The ftrong Current drove Peter Hein farther Eaftward beyond Havana
every day.
,

than he expected

infomuch that he got

fight

of Matanca

where he overtook a

Governor of Havana to give notice to the

Plate Fleet of the Hollanders Ships, which he had feen from the Caftle Mono before
Mean while John Van Hoom took a Veflel which was fent out before by
Havana

Barque

fent out

by Landronte

de Cabrera,

the Plate Fleet

the

Men whereof

informed him that the Fleet

it

felf

was near

he defcry'd ten Sayl, of which fomehad ignorantly fay led to Leeward,and others

Windward of the Dutch Fleet nine of them which were Laden with Hides,
Meal, Campeche=Wood, Cochinele, Indigo, and other rich Goods, were taken by
feveral Mann'd Sloops, becaufe the Ships were not able to come up to them by
j

Calm. About Noon Peter Hein difcovering nine Gallions more,

made fudden Chace after them
which they perceiving, made toward the Shore,
and about Twilight in the Eveningthey ran aground in the Bay of Matanca, where
the Commanders Landing faved themfelves, each carrying with him what Jewels
reafon of the

About Break of Day Peter Hein made all the Sayl he could po/Tible to
come up with them, and feeing them faft aground, leapt into a Boat and Rowed
up
Ccc x
they could.

chace to

the

at *j*,& take*

hand; which Peter Hein found to be true,when the next Morning before Sun-rifing

to

them,

M E'Kl

*/

55
tip to the

Admiral

who

A.

Guns, whileft

fired eight

his

Men

got

Chap. VII.
afliore
Hem aphis Men fpying a
:

proaching the Gallioon, faw no way to get up, till at laft one of
Rope climb'd up the fame, and made fail other Ropes for his Companions to get
up by the Spaniards (landing ftill gaping upon him, as if their feet and hands had
,

been ty'd

Peter Hein grant

which made

them

their Lives
;

Crown loft

befides the

Gallioons and a rich Prize, above

The Night

the other Gal-

upon promife of Quarter by which the SpaMusk, Bezoar, Ambergreece and the Cargo of two

lions feeing, furrender'd themfelves

nijh

which

One hundred and

Tun of Gold.

fifty

fucceedingthis great Victory being fomewhat Tempeftuous, drove

from the Bank on which they ftuckthe Day before, into deeper WaFive Days they fpent in unlading of the taken Veffels, afcer which Peter Hein
ter
fet Sayl with four Gallioons, a new Spanijh Merchant-Man, and his own Fleet, out
of the Bay of Matanca, on the Seventh of September, Jnno 1628. for Holland , where
the Gallioons
:

in a fhort time he fafely arriv'd.

the Expedition of Lucas

Pal

from Zealand,znd Commanded by Lucas Pol, Anchor'd before Blanca, where he brought away above five hundred Goats This Ifland which
is fix Leagues in circumference, hath on the Weft a Sandy Inlet, fit for great Ships

The

Tyger Frigat fent

to

Ride

at

Anchor; Moreover,

fteep

it is

and Rocky

in the Valleys the Grafs

grows above half a Mans length. The Woods are overgrown with Thorns the
Soyl alfo would produce much more fruit, did not the Rats, Legumes, Hedge-hogs,and other Animals, devour and fpoil the Plants.
'Po/ leaving this Ifland ran to Tortuga,*. low Ifle except on the Weft fide
it pro;

duces Guaiacum, or Pock*wood, in great abundance, and nouriflies great Flocks of

Goats, and hath an eminent Salt^Pan ; in all which things it is paralleled with the
Ifland Orcbilla,

known by

its

high Mountains on the Eaft and Weft

the other part

Landing here, carry'd off

above two hundred Goats near the Weftern Shore whofe bryny Soil produces
neither Grain, nor Grafs.
The Trees which are on the fame are fo dry and weak,
that they may be pufhtdown with one hand
Neither are there any Birds to be
found here, except Owls
nor Beafts, except Goats and great Hedgehogs. Pol
fayling from hence, fteer'd by the nine Wooddy Ifles call'd P^occas, and the three
call'd Jves, to Bonaire
which on the North-Weft hath
a pretty large riling Ifle
a convenient Road, afrefli Water-fpring, ftore of Sheep, on which the Spa?iiards
live
Pock=wood, and Cotton Trees
Then fteering to the Ifle Mona, he found
the fame to be furrounded with Rocks, and full of Horned Cattel difficult to be
catch'd becaufe of the thick Woods, in which grow exceeding good Oranges.
Pol
thereof not being above

fix

Foot above the Water

Pol

leaving this

Ifle, fet

fayl

and

fteer'd for Flujhing,

where he

fafely arrived

without ha-

ving performed any remarkable Exploits.

Adrian Pater
Expedi-

his

tion.

Mean

Company fitted out twelve Sayl more under the

Command of Adrian Johnson Pater, who fet fayl in the middle of Augufl, and Cruiwhile the Wejl*hdia

fed in vain about the Flemmifi Ifles for Spanifr Ships

Year 1620. he

fent

away

three Ships under the

About

the beginning

Command of Martin Landrode, from

the Ifland of St. Vincent

Inlet Todos

within a League from the City Salvador

los

Sanclos

of the

whileft he himfelf ran with the reft of the Fleet into the

onely feven Barques near the Shore

where there lay

which he judging not worth the while to ha=

zard his Ships and Men for, fteer'd to Pernambuco, took a rich Laden Barque in his
Voyage, and was informed by a <Brafilian that came aboard of him on floating Pie*
ces of Timber, that three Sayl of Ships full of Goods were return'd to
%eciffa, fo
foon as they heard of the Dutch Fleet But Pater judging no good to be done there,
returned back to the CaribbeeJjlands , where near Granada he found three DutcbYd,

fels.

JM

Chap. VII.
fels,

<iA

which had

%^ I C

like wife Cruis'd in vain before the

J.

n*

Coafl ot'Brafik.

Moreover, the
Cruife about Moiiges, ton*

Tegafw, d^Vew, and Hart Frigats, parted from the Fleet to

chingat Blanca, they took above a thoufand Goats, and between the Cliffs of the
but defcrying no Spanijh Ships, they Sail'd to
little Ides Monges, abundance of Fifli

the Illand

De

which hath a brave Harbor, delightful Woods, pleafant Pa*

Brooks, and abundance of wild Horfes Hogs, and Lyons, of

Vacca,

ftures, frefli=water

which the Sea-men took an

number. Before the low Promontory

infinite

Corientes,

overgrown with Trees, they got two Prizes laden with Qampeche Wood.
Thefe three fore*mention'd Frigats, as alio the Walcheren and Soutb'Jiar from
Zealand^ joyn'd with Water

number

when he

Fleet,

receiv'd Information, that a confidera*

from Campeche
Whereupon
Waters divided his Fleet into three Squadrons, whereof the Forlorn confided of
three Sail,, the Refer ve of the like number, and the Admiral kept five under his
own Command Thus divided, they flood to and again before Cape Corientes,

ble

ofSpaniJh Ships were fuddenly expected

when Captain jfo/?w

brought three, and John Van

Stapel

Hoom

four NetherlaM Ships to

their affirmance.

Hoom

from the Texel about the latter end of April, was beaten off #<n-'si>
pedition.
>
from Granada with poyion d Arrows, and took a Prize before the Promontory
St. Anthony the Men whereof informed him, that the Governor Gabriel de Chaves
having

fet Sail

11

iri

an old Soldier, had great trouble in repairing the Walls, Forts and Houfes in

Oforio,

which two years before had been blown down by a great Storm, and that
fix great Ships were lading to go for Carthagena with the Gallions for Spain, becaufe
they durft not Steer by Worto W^co for fear of the "Netherlander $ y moreover, that abun-

the City,

dance of Ginger was fpoyl'd for want of Veffels to carry

Citizens were in great want for Stuffs,none having
in like
there.

come

in

it

away

and that the

along time from

Spaing

manner there went none but Copper Coin, fo that nothing was to be got
The Silver and GokUMines were not look'd after, the Spaniards not

caring to work, and the old Natives were long fince cut

Imperial Court was not kept in

St. Domingo,

to

infomuch

off,

that if the

which belonged Cumana and

Qoro,

would foon be leftdefolate. Hoom there*

fore Sail'd by the Promontory St. Crui^, being alow Point overgrown with Trees,
into the Bay, twenty Leagues from the Mouth whereof lie the Ides Jar din de Id
^eyna. Before Qorientes he took a Barque with three hundred and fix Guns, fent
from Havana, the Men whereof inform'd him, That the Governor of Havana, calJM

that City

and

Ifland,

and

Hifpaniola

it felf,

Laurence de Qabrera^ having Intelligence of the Dutch Fleets approach, raised

Men, and gave

notice to the Ships in

took another rich Prize, and joyn'd

all

the Harbors thereabouts

at lafl

with

Waters Fleet,

after

which he

now

confided

which

many

where the
Fleet met with a dreadful Temped;, wherein a Thunderbolt fplitting the MainYard of the Hunter Frigat, fell down by the Mafl, and rowl'd out at one of the
Port-holes, kill'd the Purfer, and wounded two more in the Head
great (hewers of Rain fell daily, when Samuel Lucas and Captain Outger Minne brought feven
Sail of Ships more to the Fleet, with which Waters put in for frefh Provifions into
the fpacious and fecure Haven Ve Cabannas, where feveral Ides lie, formerly inhabited by Shepherds and Carpenters.
From hence Waters Sail'd by Havana, mended the Portholes of his lower Deck,

of twenty

Sail,

with which he Steer'd for the Soundings of

Tortugcts,

and took off the Top-gallant Mads, becaufe in September the ufual Storms begin
and feeing that he could not do any Exploit with fo great a Fleet, he fent
here
nine Ships home, and with the red: went to Barbados^ where at that time there were
;

about

fifteen

hundred

Bnglifh that

Planted Tobacco.
Water

M ET^l C

A.

Chap. VII.

from hence, ran to the Main Continent of Jmerica, infpe&ed

the
River Oronoque, where he quenched the Town St. Thomas that had been fet on
fire
by the fled Inhabitants, and brought aboard all what they had left.
Taters Sailing

Henrick

During

Un-

5^Lx P ed i:

his fruitlefs

under the

Sail

Soldiers being

Expedition,the WefiJndia

out twenty feven

Comman( pf BbiricA Lonque, Teter Ita, and Jooft Bankart the LandCommanded by Diederick Van Waerdeuberg. Lonque coming to St. Vuu
j

a long time at

cent, flay'd

Company Rigg'd

Anchor

there

for in regard the Spaniard in the

treys

Low Counl
rang'd on the Veluloe, and had taken Amersfoort, the States
of the United Tether

lands

were fore'd to keep thofe

had
rick

Men

in their Service

which the Wejhlndh Company

but fo foon as Wefel was retaken, and the Hartogen&ofcb won

by FredeHenrick, Prince of Orange, thirty fix Sail were fent to
Lonque s afliflance
rais'd

of

which fome came fooner to him than others at St. Vincent, where he had
flay'd four
Moneths without doing any remarkable Exploit. On St. Steven's Day
he fet Sail
with fifty two Ships, thirteen Sloops, and two Prizes, all Manned

with Ctvcn
thoufand Men, which meeting with contrary Winds and Calms,
lay a great while
under the Line, the Scurvey began to encreafe amongft them
daily,

above twelve hundred lay

St. Vincent

fick,

and three hundred

dfd

fince

they

infomuch that
fet

from

Sail

yet at laft Lonque getting fight of Oiinda, fent Waerdenberg

on the fourth
of February with fixteen Ships, carrying three thoufand Men to
TaVo MoreUo, a Wood,

lying

two Leagues Northward from

where he fuddenly Landed, 'notwith'

Oiinda,

ftanding the fortuguefe guarded the Shore with

two thoufand Men, whom Waerdenputting to flight, was the whole Night in Arms,
rAcs onnda and the next day became Matter of Oiinda,
by breaking in on the North at the fame
time, when Colonel Schutte Storm'd on the South.
Moreover, the Enemy furrendred the two Forts on %eciffa, and forfook the Ifland.
About the middle of March nine Ships which were wanting to
make up Lonque's
Fleet, came to an Anchor by him, having
brought him above fix hundred Soldiers,
many Guns, all manner of Ammunition under the Command
of Lieutenant
berg, after a Oiort Skirmifli

Colo-

nel Alexander Seton,

and

the three Adjutants John de <Bruine

Philip Serooskerken, and

,
immediately order'd the Cloyfter onjntonio Vaes to be
fortifi'd,and builta Fort with four Bulwarks at the
Entrance of Vo^o in the Countrey

Horatms

Calandryn,

on the Suburbs of Oiinda, in which the

the Night before, and endeavor'd to
poyfon the frefh Water on
on a iudden the Hetherlanders fell upon them two
which drank
and others fell into great Fits of SicknefTes,
and it wanted little
Seton alfo fet fire

<Reciffa.

who

ral

Lonque,

from
znd

with a

Company of

fifty

Enemy had Lodg'd

JntonioVas, when
of the Water dy'd
but that the

Mufquetteers, had been

kill'd

Admi-

returning

fycitfa to Oiinda, he being

Brafdtaus,

fix

more,

fell

the

who

fo that

kill'd

unawares fee upon by two Companies of Vemguefes

above thirty fix of his Men, and dangeroufly wounded

he brought off but eight

Woodcutters on

Men

unhurt.

Antonio Vaes, furpris'd

The

like

Misfortune be-

by the Fortunefe from an

bufcade.

Whilef! Affairs flood thus about Oiinda,

there
United Hetherlands at
fycifa, not long after four
and eight more under the Admiral

Dink Van

firft

arrived

Am.

two Ships from

the

Commanded by John Wdbeek,

Uitgeeft, who was follow'd by the

more,

Noahs Ark.

About

the

fame time Dirk

toCruifeat Sea.
iia being fet

u P o by

-,w

Hneinv

P rrow. y

de gutter fet Sail

with

fix

Ships,

and

Teter Ita

with ten,'

bc S' n n>ngf Pdruary, Lonque having

*.
put all things in good order, pre
par d to return home, and weigh'd
Anchor with nine Ships. But Ita going from
Heaffa to Olmda, to take his leave of the Council
there, was fuddenly furpris'd after

<U

Chap. VII.
ter a ftrange

were

all

manner;

tie

E%^I

A.

j|

Guard, whofe Matches

wet by a great fhower of Rain, which they

had ninety Mufquetteers for

put out, and their

Arms

all

his

HUM

perceiving from their Ambufcades, immediately got crofs the River, and
thirty of the Netherlander s, the reft running away, left Ita to defend himfelf, which

he did for fome time with his Sword, but had abfolutely been
ceiv'd

Aid from

(lain,

had he not

re-

Olinda.

Becaufe the fortuguefe made feveral Attempts upon the Netherlander s, not with*
out damage on both fides, the Weft-India Company often fent Ships to their afli*>
fiance

and likewife many

who

therlanders,
tonio

Vaes

Bulwarks about

built a five-corner'd Fort with

to prevent, the <Portuguefe ventured

which

joyn'd with the Ne

Brafilians deferting the Wortuguefc,

on An*

the Cloyfter

many a Sally, though not

with-

was
making thither with a great Fleet, to drive the Netherlanders out of 'Braftle 5 at which
they taking the Alarm, put themfelves all into a pofture of Defence, rais'd new
Works about the Caftle on ^ecijfa, whileft the Ships which Cruis'd on that Coaft

out confiderable

lofs

on

their part.

They

alfo reported, that Frederick de Toledo

brought in feveral Prizes.

Company

John Walbeeh being chofen General by the Weft*India

Deficrn

beat 6>

on the Promontory St. Auguftine

vehemently againft the Shore.

The Report of
Spain

mov'd the

-,

but

it

came

to

Company

to raiie

1111

<Brafde,

had a

effect becaufe the Sea

iriAi-1

which was making ready in Great s up

fent t0
P
n
more *Men,
and to lend out Admiral M/&bythe

the great preparation of a Fleet

Weft-India

no

over

irr

ni

r*

heard

lie3

j$

Netherfatid

'

Lyon Frigat,
(paters with feventeen Ships, which all arriv d late, except the Black
",
1-r--/
which carrying the Lieutenant-Colonel Bt% and Captain mtgeeft, was never
i

-'

Company,

of.

was

Jooft Bankart

alfo lent out in March

there for the rich Carrah

which

us'd to

with eight Ships to

Water there

St. Helena,

to Cruife

but though he ftay'd

till

Au-

Man

on the Ifland,
yet faw not one Ship at Sea, nor a
guft before this fruitful Ifland,
but ^reat numbers of Sea-pies, which are fo tame, that they furTer themfelves to be
taken up with the Hand,orknock'd on the Head with Sticks.
Near this Ifle Ita took a Ketch Prize,and rallying his whole Fleet together,Steer'd
for the Caimans

the raoft Eafternlfle

whereof being about three Leagues long,

is

of Rocks, with a high Point on the Eaft the other part thereof is plain. Then
dividing his Fleet into feven Squadrons, he made them all ready for an Engage*

full

ment, when he was informed by an EngUJb-mm before Corientes, that Frederick de To*
he had fent back
ledo had fet Sail with eighty Ships from Havana to Spain, of which
eight Gallionsto Carthagena: Hereupon bending his Courfe near Havam,hz put the
whole Countrey to an Alarm, burnt a rich laden Veflel, and another that carry'd a
Flag on the Fore-top, and a third laden with Ballaft.
Joachim Guyfen being made Commander of the Dolphin Frigat, and fent tojoyn

Squadron,was driven below Jamaica, and at laft ftrook againft

but all his Men and
the great Caiman, where his VelTel was all fhatter'd to pieces
Goods being fav'd, he fpent fixteen Weeks in making a Ketch of the pieces of the

with Admiral
i

Water's

Dolphin,

and brought a hundred and twenty Men., four Brafs,and two Iron Guns to

the Fleet, having buried the reft

on Qaiman,

Five Leagues beyond Havana, a Sfanijh Ship laden with Qampeche

faparilla,

being chafed againft the Shore, was

fet

on

fire

by her

Wood

and Sar-

own Men, which

the

Hollanders attempted twice in vain to put out.

After this
fels,

and

Ms Fleet lay long upon the Coaft of Cuba, but finding

their Provifions

arrived without

growing

fcarce,

doing any farther Exploits.

'

wefi-ij>*

no SfanifbyS
returned back to the Texel, where they

AMERICA

534;

In the

mean while

Taier

lying before <Punta

VIL

Chap.

del Gallo,

intending to Invade the

City built on the Shorcof the Ifland Trinidad but the Fort built at
the Mouth of
;
the River, and contrary Current preventing- his Defign, he ran
through the middlemoft Hole otBbtcgi to Blanca, where he caught two choufand
Goats and a 0s
naire,(ct feveral Towns on fire, whileft the Spaniards made a
Smother of dry Stubble all along the Fields, through which the Hollanders were to
return, that Co they
might be choak'd with the Smoak; which their Invention had
prov'd
fuccefsful

had not the Hollanders forc'd a

Way

fpanio!a 3 Steei'd for St. Martha, a

through a Wood.

Town

At

laft

the Fleet leaving

hL

on the Main Coaft between CarthL

gen*, and the River La Hacha, being inftigated thereto
by a Letter (taken by the
Hollanders in a Prize) writ by the Governor Hieronymo de
Quero to the Sfamfi King
Whkh LetCer fet f rth the P refent Condition oSt. Martha, whereby they
conceived
built

?%%
^

reat ho P es of a poflibility of taking it, and of the Advantages that would accrue
thereby nor did it happen contrary to their expectation
..for the Admiral Landing
his Men, took the City without the lcaft refiftance
and though
:

the great Fort

nYd

fome Guns, yet it foon furrendred on promife of Quarter . the

City alfo was fav'd
from being burn'd, by paying fifty R Ye hundred Pieces of
Eight, after they had
plunder'd the fame, and carry'd away whatfoe're they
thought good. Mean while
the Prpvifions growing fcarce in the Fleet, Pater
judg d it convenient to return
home, where he arriv'd fafely with all his Prizes.
Rotable Exploits were perform' d by John Lkhthart,onc of
which,amongft others
J$m- ought not to be omitted, yi he fetting
Sail homewards from %eciffa about
K
the
beginning ofOElober Anno 1630. chane'd to fall with his
Ship, the Ov^j^amongft
five mfcayan Pyrats, Cruifing between the
Trench and Englifh Coaft, which thought
to clap him aboard on a fudden but they feeing
him bear up to them, were afraid
to venture, and Tack'd about
after which he was fet upon about
three Leagues
to the Northward of the Lizard, by three
Frigats belonging to Dunkirk, the
biggeft
whereof carry'd thirty fix Guns, the fecond twenty
eight, and the laft twelve with
which three he maintained a Fight eight hours, in
which he had fourteen Men kill'd
and thirty two wounded his Ship refembled a
Wreck, the Main-maft being fhot
overboard, the Rudder hung by pieces at the
Stern, and the Tackling all fliatter'd
and torn, befidesfeven Shot under Water, and not
lefs than four hundred
through
the fides above, but not without fufficient
marks of retribution on the Dunkirhrs
fide; but Lichthart getting into Plymouth,
mended his Ship, and from thence Sail'd
to Jmfterdam, where he was
Prefented with a Gold Chain in recompence
of his
So-fo?

V aior

T hi Ex edition of ^ VrownF.p, Frigat

2
5Sf yond L P
Vt,i, Steer'd by Cap
~.
.

Qp

de

is

alfo remarkable,

which Sailino be-

along the Shore to the River Catchieu at

two Shelves, and between them ran a Channel through
which the
Ships pals'd. The Brwn>BJh Sailing
about a League up the River, which is a Mile
in breadth, took a fortune
Barque. The Seamen alfo

whole Mouth

<%oxo

lie

Landing on

the

Ifle

tm

i^kefortuguefe with the Natives, who are Coal-black,

and have ftrong Bodies
Arm d with Darts, Bowes, Arrows, Symiters,

from fortugd,
iome Houies there.
thither

From

who

and were Baptiz'd by a Prieft lent

with a few Countrey.men had built a Chappel
rr and

hence the <Bron-Rjh Sail'd to the

tinually at

Wars with

Sifis.

mod Northern Ifle Eifeos, which

The King of

is

con-

this Ifle receiving

the hetberlMders, gave leave to

his Subjects, fine at firft, to
Steering from hence to Hprcnho,
they found the

fome Prefents from

go aboard of them.

Inhabitants carry'd

he.r

ao

away and
Pum-

Gardens and Houfes ruind, fo that they

could get nothing but wild

pions

JM

AMERICA.

Chap. VII.

pions co refrefh themfclves with

5J5

therefore leaving the

Ifle

they anchor'd ac

tyeciffa.

been related,
In the interim, whileft thefe Expeditions were carry'd on as hath
Captain John T>oon-eter (who parted from the Admiral Ita's Fleet with eight Sail of
'.

Mona he
a
Ships) Cruis'd to and again before Htfpaniola till May Anno i6]i near
took a rich Veflfel coming from Porto <%ico, another before the Ifland Vacca, and a
being feven in number,
third full of Ginger, with which he Steer'd to theTortugas,
refembling rather fandy Flats than Ifles. Before Havana he alio chafed feveral Veffels,

but

loft fight

Mean

of them in the Night.

while their Provifions growing

would no way yield to,

all places
becaufe the time began to approach in which the Spanifo Ships came from
to the Texel, where they ar
to Havana but the Men mutinying forc'd him to Steer

fhort the

to return

Seamen were defirous

which

Boon-eter

riv'd

without doing any considerable Exploit advantageous

to the

Wefldndia

Company.
fame time fourteen Ships, three Sloops, and feven great Pinnaces,
weighed Anchor from %eciffa with athoufand two hundred and fixty Men, divided
Stein Calleninto twelve Companies, under the Command of Hartman Godefrid and
Tamarica, march'd along a bad and narrow Path,
fels ; who Landing on the Ifland
jJj-
with
overgrown
Afcent
high
on
Fort
built
a
to
a
fandy,
partly
and
partly craggy

But

at the

^mL

to break through,

vain.
was importable for them
whileft they in the Fort firM continually upon Stein Callenfels, who judg'd it convenient to draw off, and Storm the Caftle on another fide.
The Admiral Pater newly come from the Texel to Olinda, fent three Ketches, a
croft
Sloop, and two Pinnaces, beyond the Town Tamarica, to prevent the Enemies

in fuch a

Brambles

manner, that

it

Ting over to the Main, and keep offtheirFire-fhips. They alfo receiv'd Informaftirrounded
tion from three Portuguefe and five Brafilian Prifoners, That the Caftle,
with Fens and Brambles, had fixteen Guns ; and that Albuquerque had fent eight
hundred

Men

to

aflift

the three

hundred that lay

in

Garrifon there before.

The

found two other Ways that led to the Fort, but al=
Pater alfo Row'd round
tog-ether unfit to march along with their Men and Guns.
Sailing up the
the Ifland with Sloops, and fathotnd the Water, whileft Arciffemky
Captains Le Grand and

River to

on the

Arcijfeusky

Garafi, fuppos'd that

he had found a

Caftle in, than had been found out yet

much
.

better place to

make an Onfec

but the Council of Olinda and Stein

upon it as too great a hazard to Storm a Fort, to which the Ways

in the fame being able to
lay fo much to the Enemy's advantage, a fmall number
concluded upon, to
beat off a confiderable Party therefore it was judg'd beft, and
River to which
build a Fort on a little Ifle near jTamarica, at the Mouth of the
purpofe the Engineer Buuren contriv'd a fquare Caftle with a long Horn-work^
in which the Captains Jrciffeusky, Meltingen, and Beyer,
which was call'd Orange
were left in Garrifon with their Companies, whileft the reft of the Regiment re-

Callenfels

look'd

turn'd to Pgciffa.

Mean

while Antonio de Oquendo brought a great Fleet to

drew four Companies of Mufquetteers, and

a great

St. Salvador

>

and

Callenfels

company of Seamen with

Pick-

South*
axes and Spades out of the Fort Frederick Henrick into the Field,and marching
ward along private Ways, he found the River ftrongly fortified near the Forts Affo-

and below a row of ftrong Pallifado's yet the Portuguese that

Works after a fmall refiftance fled, and left all Rut becaufe a gene-

gados, having above

guarded thefe

Alarm drew many People in Arms out of %ea\ and feveral other places, Callenfels
that the
drew off in good order, and was informed by a Prifoner call'd Peter Abes,
it was builtFort Ajfogados receiv'd that Denomination from the River on which
ral

thac

i'"i

zJME'AICJ.

53*
that there lay generally a

hundred and

was the Fort

a Mile farther

firange
;

fifty

Men

Chap. VI:

in Garrifon there

that about

that Peter de Acunha bore the chief

Command

whous'dfew Mufquets but what had Fire-locksand that they wanted no Ammunition, for fix great Carvels loaden with the fame
had not long fince ftor'd them with great plenty thereof. The Netherlander* alfo
next to Albuquerque over the Militia,

underftanding by Letters which they had taken, that the Tapuyans were very much
incens'd againft the (Portuguefe who flood in great fear of thefe falvage People, it
i

was judg'd convenient by

the

Council

at Olinda, to invite the Tapuyans to be their

Friends.
Fight between
the

Fket.

On

ths eleventh of September

Anno

Admiral Pater and Vice*Admiral Martin Tbyfzpon whofe joint Forces were fifteen Men of War and three Ketches, carrying nine Companies of Foot, Commanded by Captain Engelbert Schuite, defcrying
the Spanifr Fleet about an hour before Sun-fet, animated all the Officers and Cap-

Dutch
'

6J

i.

tains to regard

Honor and Oath which

their

they had taken

telling

them, That

Engagement would depend the Welfare or Ruine of the V/eft-India Company. But his Men were not fo much heartned by his Speech, as daunted at the
fight of the Spanijh Fleet, which confided of twelve Capltan and five P or tuguefeGzlon

this

and twenty

lions,

Mann'd
'

other VeiTels, as Pinks, Fly .boats and Carvels, all well

and full of Guns, the Gallions carrying whole and Demi-Cannons
the
fix

Admiral,

eall'd Antonio de Oquendo, carrying forty

call'd

Jago

St',

eighteen lefler

eight great

Guns

'

in his

Gallion

whereas they had received Information but of four Gallions and

Veftels ; neverthelefs Pater no whit difcourag'd, boarded him about

Clock the next Morning, whileft Captain John Maft boarded him on the other
fide, which occafion'd a bloody Engagement
and it would have prov'd fatal to
;
the Spaniard, had not Water's Stern taken fire, which he endeavoring in vain to put
ten a

Admiral **z
drown

ter

out, and

none coming to

had hung a good while by a Rope at

the Spamfl? Admiral's Bowe, he was forc'd through faintnefs to let go and fall into
the Water, whileft his Ship was blown up, a few of his Men onely being fav'd by
Oquendo.

In the

his affiftance, after he

mean time

Martin Tlyf^oon boarded the Gallion Jntonio de Padua,

Commanded by the Vice* Admiral

Frigat on the other,

which

Franctfco de Valhalla

after half an

on one

hours Engagement

fide,

and the

Utrecht

her Main-maft, and

(harp Fight of four hours the Fire took holcj of her Sails which the Netkr*
landers not being able to quench, leap'd defperately over into the
Spantfl? Viceloft

after a

Admiral

them

but he having two hundred and

to leap into the

Water, or

fixty

Men

aboard, beat them

off,

forcing

their Lives at a dear rate.

But Captain Thyf%pon had better fuccefs, for he not onely funk the Vice-Admiral, but took the 'BonaVentura Gallion, and likewife gave the Gallion JohnBaptifta fomany (hot under
Water,

me

The Night approaching ended this bloody Engageand the Netherlander s Fleet much damnified ftood Northwards, with intenreturn to P^eciffa. The next Morning Oquendohzd loft fight of them, butde-

that

ment

tion to

fell

funk likewife.

them again on the fifteenth of September, and kept in view of them the fix following days, five Leagues from him to the Eaft, or Eaft South-Eaft, Martin Tbyf%oon coming to an Anchor before ft&ciffa on the twenty fecond of September.
fcry'd

About

the fame time the Jmfterdam Frigat fet Sail

from thence

for St. Salvador,

with intention to joyn with Pater's Fleet there, but not finding the Admiral, re*
turned, and near Cape St. Auguftine difcover'd the Spanijk Fleet
wherefore running
5

clofe behind

them

flie

Guns from
whole Night,

receiv'd four

kept at a diftance from them the

VefTel or other belonging to the Fleet

tle Sail,

which fhe anfwer'd, and

hopes to meet with one fingle

Oquendo,
in

but the Spanijh Vice-Admiral bearing

guarded the Rere, and fiYd continually

at the

Amfterdam Frigat,

who

lit-

fearin

Chap. VII.

made

ing an unlucky Bullet,

the approach of the

M E'%^1 V A

all the Sail (lie

could po/Iible, and Brought news of

Soon after which the Repliant came

from the Dutch Fleet thither, with a full Account of the fore-mention'ii Engagement, fci# Thatbefides the Admiral fitter, there were (lain Captain Thomas
Sickes,
Qormillion, and Lieutenant Steenbergen, alfo that two Ships, the
Wince William and the'
Province of Utrecht, were funk
In lieu of which they had taken the Gallion call'd
Fleet to fyciffa.

Spanift?

TheBonaVentura, with twenty

Pound, two

Amongft
gave

this

of

orie

Brafs Guns, weighing above fixty four thoufand

hundred and forty Caftilians, and a great parcel of Sugar and Tobacco
fix

was one

the Prifoners

who

call'd Francifco de Fuentes,

being Examin'd'
Information, vi<. That the Fleet carry'dtwo Regiments of Spaniards
Znd

Italians

Command

which

in

of Conde

three

del 'Bangniola
;

Regiments were four thoufand Men, under the

and that upon the fetting out of Ferdinand, the

King's Brother, to the Netherlands,

the chiefeft Gallions and Dunkirk Ships were

all

and Hw^Veffelshir'd, to convey him fafe to the Flemmtjh Coaft, which

made Oquenda fet Sail with fo much the lefTer number to St. Salvador that the

fent for,

funk Gallion,

twenty

had fourteen Brafs Guns

in her

Hold, befides

that were mounted.

fix

Soon

call'd Antonio de Padua,

after a Brafiian that

had pafs'd by Albuquerque's

Army

to Olinda, brought In.

fyxf<uyan

ffer
formation, That he was fent by Jandui zndOquenou, two Kings belonging to the
Ta- "f slice
'
puyans, to enquire if ihcTopatingas (for fo they call'd the Netherlanders
that belonged

Tj^

Company)

to the Weft*India

did yet refide in Pernambuco, with Proffers to aflift

Moreover, he inform'd them, That fince his departure

with their Forces.

Soudevyn Henrickfeon,
tuguese near the

'a

great

many of the

River Grande and

Tapuyans PetiVares were kill'd

Inlet Trajiciaon, becaufe they

who had left them helplefs at his departure. He added

India Company would give the other Brafilians any affurance

%pon,

it

would be

neceffary to Confult about

This Propofal was found

fent

with the Ship

it

them
from

by the Por-

had added Henrickfalfo,

to

That

aflift

if the Weft*

the Tapuyans,

near the River Grande,

to be of fo

weighty a Concern, that Ellen Smient being

The New Netherlands and a great Sloop, to Siara, to make

call'd

farther enquiry into the Bufinefs

was accompanied by

Renegado forta(whom Henrickf^oon upon their Re*

and feveral Brafilians

queft carry'd with him from the Inlet Trajiciaon to Holland)

guefe call'd Samuel Cochin,

who went,

under pre-

tence of vifiting their Relations at the River Grands and Siara to invite their
3
trey-men to joyn with the Netherlander s.

Cdun=

During Smient's Mence many Confultations were held about the demolifliing blind* defeated and deordefendingoftheCity Olinda, about which there had formerly been many Con- molifh'd
by
the Hol!a?i'
tefts
but at laffc the Voices carry'd it, which were for the demolifliing thereof,
in *
regard it was of little Confequence,and could not be kept without many
Men and
5

.great

Charges, becaufe of

Service in other places

bad Situation, whenas their Men might do greater

Wherefore they began to carry all things neceffary from

its

and on the twenty fourth of November the City was fet on fire with
Barrels of Pitch and Tar, being in a light flame at every corner, whileft
Stein Callenfels drew off the Garrifon in good order to
and immediately fixteen hunP&iffa
Olinda to %eciffa,

dred
to

Men

under

go to farayba

iign,

had

his
.

fortifi'd

but the
himfelf

Portuguefe Standards,

ing
|

Command

were put aboard of

Enemy having
all

with intention

a fortnight before had notice of this

along the River.

and the

fixteen Veffels,

Callenfels

De-

approaching, efpy'd twelve

Men

ready on the Breaft- works to prevent his Landyet neverthelefs he not regarding their Bullets, prefs'd in amongft them, and

fore'd the

Near

Enemy from

the

his

Works.

Water flood a Stone

Caftle,

and on one

fide

Dud

of

it

a large

Storc-houfe
;

On:

M E %I C

<tA

53S
on

the

Mountain near

the City appear'd the Franafcan Clbyfter

Earth had four Bulwarks, and twenty

the Eye-witneffes Drevis
Cdknfeh

at

tempts to
take the Ci
ty, but with
out

fuccefs.

Landed not

fallenfels

Chap. Vil.

A.

and

<Be'rfier,

fix

the Fort rais'd of

Guns, according to the Information of

who

were fent thither

fo carefully but that he loft forty

as Spies.

Men,

either kill'd

from

behind the Breaftworks, or out of a neighboring Wood. Being inform'd by a <PortheTown, and how flenderly it was provituruefe VriConct, of the ill Condition of
ded, he immediately rais'd a Sconce, two Watch-houfes, and a Pallifado, from

with two Guns on the Caftle, and made feveral Trenches but the
Befiecred were ftronger in People and Guns than the Befiegers, who being fcarce
able, by reafon of their fmall number, to keep Guards in all places, were alfo tir'd

which he

fir'd

out under a hot Climate, and fainted for want of Provifions, infomuch that in
two days there dy'd and fell fick above two hundred wherefore Callenfels judg'd it
;

draw off in time which that they might do fecurely, they made a Redoubt,
and the fix Companies Commanded by the Captains Q(edincboven, Meppekn, Cloppen^
burg, Schenk, <Byma and Cook, refolv'd upon a defperate Attempt, as followeth
Marching privately through a Wood behind the Enemy's Works, they fell in at
one fide upon the <P'or tuguefe Trenches, from whence they drove them after a fmall
beft to

and

refiftance,

forc'd

them

fuch eagernefs, that thofe

to

towards the Fort, whither they were purfu'd with

were in the Fort, left the Hollanders might get in with

flie

who

them, lock'd up the Avenues againft their own Men at which they were foamaz'd,
that fome of them climb'd up by the Walls of the Fort, but were either kill'd by the
;

on the Head by their own People, becaufe feveral Hollanders

went to climb up amongft the <Portuguefe the reft running about the Fort, fell into*
the midft of the Netherlander s, where they were all cut off, being in number above a
hundred. The Hollanders alfo in this refolute Defign, had about twenty Men kill'd,
and fifty wounded after which they put lighted Matches on Sticks in their EneAffailants, or knock'd

had never made any Attempt on the City farayba.

Whileft this Expedition fell out fo unfortunately,Swbtf performing his Voyage,
found in the Inlet Trajiciaon a fortuguefe VefTel hal'd near the Shore under the
protection of two Pallifado's wherefore fuppofing it beft not to make any Attempt
my's Works,

as if they

Anchor before Ubranduba, twenty Leagues below the Ri*

on
where the Natives Marcial, Tacou, JraroVa, and Matauwe, who had been
ver Grande
in Holland, Landing, went to fee, and fpeak with their Countrey*men to joyn with
and fome days after the Seamen Landing again
the Netherland WefiAndia Company
the fame, he ran to an

fame place, met with Tacou, together with eight more ftout Men, and feventeen Women and Children, whocarry'd a (iam/Portuguefe call'd Juan Perera to the
Kiver Grande, about whom they had found Letters containing the whole Condition
in the

of Star a

which the

Brafilians

imparting to Smient, he fent a Ketch thither before,and

follow'd after himfelfj they Steer'd along the Shore beyond the Shelves Guamare, by.
the

Mountains

Sailings

and Porto

de

M/,the Haven

T>e Onces,znd

River Juaguarive, to

Landing fpake with their People, and towards

the Evening brought good tydings, and deilr'd that they might be Landed at Siara,
Smient following their Advice,
where they would put their Defign in practice
receiv'd them aboard the Nell? Netherland, and Sail'd along by the fquare Fort Siara
towards a fmooth Shore on each fide, hedged in by thick Woods, where the Brafil'u

the White Point, where the Brafilians

am

intended to

Land

but the

<P or tuguefe 9

and

'Brafilians

belonging to their Party,

being gotten into the Wood before, fir'd fo vehemently, that they were forc'd to
Retreat,and Sail five Leagues farther beyond the Cape Opefe, made dangerous by
the

many

(Brafilians,

blind Cliffs that

lie

about the fame.

on promifethat they would return

Landed the
Seamen feeing

Smient anchoring here,

in

two days

but the
;

fometimes

Chap.

VIL

fometimes ten, fometimes

ans

had been

the Wefl-lndia

M E%_I C

*A

flain

fifteen

Arm'd

A.

K9

Portugueses afliore,

judg'd that the

by them, and therefore weighed Anchor to the great

ftraftli-

dillike

of

Company.

Since this unfuccefsful Defign on Parayba, the Council at

fyciffa were no whit
difcourag'd, butrefolv'd to make an Attempt on the River Grande with

twelve

Ships and

two

Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen

of Landing (becaufe the Coaft being very Rocky

Sloops, carrying ten

reafon of the difficulty

the Sea go very hollow) the ftrength of the Place, both in refpetf:of

on and number of Defendants, and

were

its

but by

makes

Fortificati-

the joyning of the ftrafilians with them,

they

forc'd to return without effecting their Defign.

About

the fame time eight Sail arriv'd at fyciffa from Holland, arid
Jonathan de T he
?{ekker, Cornells Cornelif^pon, alias Houte-been, and %einler Peterf^oon, fet but with three &>

from

the Texel to the

Ex P edi

where with Hunting, Fifhing, and gather- ^"r"'

ing of Fruit, they refreili'd themfelves, and afterwards Steer- d to the River Mida*
Una, difcernable at three Leagues diftance by the thick yellow Water it difcharges
Frigats

Vacca,

Ifle

into the Sea through three Mouths.

Between the Weftern and middlemoft Mouth

lies an Ifle in the middle of the River, behind which Houte-been came to an
Anchor
whileft Nekker and Peterfeqni&pt Guard near Punto Verde where though the Wind
blew very frefli in the Night, yet the Water remain'd fmooth
About Day-break
\

2{ekker difcovering a Sail,

made chafe

after the

fame, but not able to come up with

her, loft her the following Night,

and in the Morning faw a Barque, which run*

ning afhore was fet on fire by Peterfepon
after which Nekker chafed two other
;
Ships, which like wife getting, from him, he flood offat Sea but of fight of the Ifles
Zamba, which are low on the Weft, and Hilly at the Eaft end, where the Sea beats

vehemently againft a Promontory, and chafed a Barque afhore, whither he fent a

Boat with eight Men which being beaten to pieces by the Waves, drowned four
of them, and the reft getting afhore were kill'd by the Spaniards. Soon" after
,.

which four Spanijh Ships fet Sail after IS^ehker and Peterfaon, and had not the Night
favor'd them they had been but in a bad Condition
for they were notable to get
their Sea=men aboard, who having taken fome Wine afhore, had made
themfelves
;

Drunk about Daybreak

they defcry'd the four Spmifh VefTels, which were gotten

fo far from them,that they could but juft difcern them from the Main.top. Not long

took two Barques, and came to an Anchor behind Zamba by Houte>beert,

being driven by a Storm out of the River Magdalen* to Jamaica, had chafed

after they

who

a Barque afhore there, and a Ship with four hundred Negro's againft St. Martha, and
fince took a rich laden Barque near the River Magdalena. In like manner
Nekker and
feterjfyon took a Ship

Una,

coming from

Caraques, leaving

HoutUeen alone before MagdcL*

who

not long after difcover'd eighteen Spanijh Ships near the Highland
St. Martha, which were Steering to Carthagena-, one whereof belonging to
Carthagena
he made Prize of, but was forc'd to forfake her in a great Storm after the ceafing

of which he took another Frigat, the

Men whereof inform'd

him, That the Admi*

Thomas de Co/pure was going with eleven Ships from Qape Antonio to Porto Belo, to
lade the Peruvian Silver there. The Ship with Angolan Negro's, taken by Houte- been,
he fet free, but kept a Frigat laden with Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, and Flefh,which
xal

he had taken

juft before the

Coaft of ^io Grande

}

and thus he went Privateering up

weighed Anchor from Juan de Lua,

and down, when the Plate-Fleet from T{ew Spain

the like of which in Riches had never fet Sail before, for it carry'd
2160340 fyak
o Eight far the Merchants, an unvaluable Treafure for the King, befides many
rich Commodities which feveral bought upon their own Accounts, that were
not entred in the Cuftom-houfe

all

which Treafure, laden

D d d,

in nincGallions, befides

AMERICA.

Q
fides a confiderable

number of

Frigats

and fmall

VIL

Chap.

VeiTels,

was committed

to the

dying before the Fleet fet Sail, Manuel Serano

Charge of Mguel fa Echacareta- but he
Admiral but a dreadful Storm arifing as they were Sailing bede libera was choferi
in their Way to HaVam, the whole Fleet was in a manner
fore the Coaft of Qamfeche
The Admiral, Vice- Admiral,
with a mod unvaluableTreafure
.

utterly deftroy'd,

The Marquefs Salinas

mtirther'd
for-bis

jewels

Gallions,funk, with at leaft twothoufand Men, a

Gallion Terefaznd feveral other
and amongft the reft the Marquefs Salinas, who
great number of Perfons of Quality,
Mafters of a
mod treacheroudy (lain by thirty Perfons, who made themfelves

was

That
out of the finking Admiral Jufeppe
Sloop, into which he went for fafety
Trunk of Jewels
w h ic h inftigated them to thishorrid Aft, was the fight of a fmall
falling out amongft themfelves
which he carry'd into the Sloop: Not long after
difcover'd, apprehended, and put to
about dividing the Spoil, feveral of them were
:

death.

Admiral Miguel de Echacareta was

This Fleet
make no Will. A few days after the
buried, who dy'd fo fuddenly that he could
Houfes were burnt at Juan de Lua. It
departure of the Fleet, a hundred and feventy
fet Sail on the tenth of
Spaniards out of fear of the Netherlander s,
weighed Anchor

the day after their

appears that the

an inconvenient time, becaufe about that Seafon

the Bay of Vera Crux.
the Hurricanes rage mod terribly in
Suare^ it appears, that the two Regi..
Letter from the Treafurer Francifcus
OBober, notwithftanding

By

ments

it

was

at

in the City St. Salvador, the

confifting of nine

one

Commanded by

Companies, each of

fixty

thirteen
Vafco de Mafcarennas, confifting of
2,1515
waiLecK^i
ploits

Cbriftofher

Men, and

Companies,

the other

coft the

Mexia

<Bocanegra,

Commanded by

King of Spam yearly

L to maintain them.

no way difcouragd by their fuccefslefs

Companies of Soldiers
Attempts made the laft Year on <%io Grande, fent thirteen
where the <Portu*
aboard of feventeen Veffels, to build a Fort at the River Formofa,
three hundred
being too weak to refift them, fet fire on a Store-houfe with

The

Netherland Council

at %eciffa

guefe

Chefts of Sugar, and

fled.

Walbeck

was Commander

in

Chief in

this

Defign,

who

place to build a Fort in, becaufe the Shore, not

Woods, behind which lay
being above a Mufcpiet-fhot broad, was inclos'd with
Mountains that Commanded the Shore therefore marching to Serinhain he

Landing on Formofa found no

fit

high

in a Store-houfe he took
burnt feveral Houfes and a new Sugar-Mill, near which
he could not carry to his
twelve hundred Chefts of Sugar, which for want of Carts
took a great number of Cat.
Ships. Alfo before <Porto Calvo he burnt a Carvel, and
tel

on

Camarigibi,

and return'd without any farther Exploits to

%eciffa,

where the

Cruifers had brought in feveral Prizes during his abfence.

The Council refolving not to fit idle, fet out another Fleet of eighteen Ships

under the
under
The Expedi.
tionof Marti tt

and

Thyfzein
Stein

CaUeufels.

Command

of Martin Tbyfoon, with a Regiment of fourteen Companies

Stein Calknfels.

approaching Cafe Juguftin, they found a ridge of Rocks along the

length they came be,
Shore, againft which the Sea beat with great vehemency 5 at

This

Fleet

whofe Mouth lay a fmall Fort from which the Enemy fir'd upat fome diftance they difcern'd
on the Mann'd Boats which Row'd by the fame
the
two Breaftworks, one rais'd above the other near the Shore on which when
once upon them ;
Hollanders thought to Land, three hundred fortuguefes fir'd at
the Council
and on a Hill not far from thence appeared more Men, which amaz'd

fore a fmall Inlet, at

was fo narrow, that not above fix Boats could Land at oncebehind
and it was evident, that though the Enemy fliould chance to be beaten from
Enemy's Guns from the
his Breaftworks, yet the Hollanders would lie expos'd to the
of War,

for the Inlet

Fort

AMERICA.

Chap. VII

Fort Nazareth built on the Mountain

5\l

befides, Nazareth, if gain'd,

could fcarce be

defended, unlcfs the whole Mountain were Intrench'd round, which would
not
onely be very chargeable, but alfo impoflible, becaufe of the red Earth, altogether
and the barren Mountain afforded neither Wood, nor
unfit for Fortifications
any.

thing

befides, the

Storming of

would be very dangerous

The Entrance
into the Haven was difficult, becaufe a ftonie Bank before the fame fuifcr'd
no Paffage but betwixt fmall Openings the chiefeft whereof was guarded by
a WaterCaftle, and farther within by the Fort funtael. Along the Sea-fhore their
Landing
was prevented by the violent beating of the Waves, and a great fquare Tower on
the Way up to the Fort Nazareth, whofe Church is feen at a great diftanceoffat
Sea.
All which confider'd, they judg'd it beft to draw off their Men again, and fo
they
elfe

it

return d without having erfefted any thing to the purpofe, onely Captain
Scbuppe
took two Carvels with five hundred Chefts of Sugar in the River Formofa.

Soon

after Martin Tbyfzpon

being fent out with twenty two Sail, fent four Ships
for Holland with the Lieutenant-Colonel Stein Callenfels, and the Councellor
Serooskerken

yet thirteen Sail remain'd

ftill

before the Coaft of

<Brafile,

under the

Com*

mand

of Captain JohnMaft, who whilefl he ftood to and again from the Shore
and Cruifing up and down, the Governor of %ecijfa and Colonel %e m bach march'd
with five hundred Men and forty Negro's, from %ec\ffa about fix a Clock at Nicrhc

by

Olinda

along the Shore

Whereupon

the Portuguese Horfe-watch ran inftantly to

Olinda > to give notice thereof to Albuquerque
but they fur:

two Leagues from

mounted all the Difficulties they met with by
%eal,

the

Way

(which were the greater in

regard of the abundance of Rain that had lately fall'n,)and on the fid! of
May 1632.
came to the City Garafu about Noon where whilefl: %embach ftood ftill in a

od or,

der with three Companies, the Governor oi%eciffa fell upon the Town
with three
Companies. The Inhabitants had not the leaft thoughts of being molefted by
the
Netherlander there, becaufe they judgd the Ways which led thither could
not be
pafs'd in that rainy Seafon.

In the

The City of
Garaju furpris'd

by the

Hollanders.

Onfet a hundred Tortuguefes , moft of them

great Merchants, were flain, they being come thither with their Goods
from Olinda
and amongft the Prifoners which they took, were fix Francijcans.
This Vidory the Hollanders obtain'd with the lofs but of eight Men, and twenty
firft

-,

Bve wounded, befides Captain %emhach t who was alfo wounded. The Governor
of \eciffa entering the City, ftav'd two hundred Pipes of Wine, to keep his Soldiers
from overdrinking and becaufe there were many fair Women there, he caused
them all to be lock'd up in the Church of St. Co/mo, to preferve them from the Sol.

diers outrages.

The

Prieft Duarte Mende^Serraon(z Letter

of whofe John

de Laet quotes) values the

Booty carry'd away by the Hollanders from Garafu, at 9000 1. Sterl. befides
the damage which the Place fuffer'd, being almoft ruin d. He relates farther,
That

the

City

call'd Villa de Santo Qofmo de Garafu lay five

Olinda
i

and that in

tage de Santa

Capuchins,

Crux

and

it

were three Churches,

as alfo

Leagues to the Northward from

viK . Qofmtti, Mifericordia,

and Heremi.

two

Cloyfters, ?iK . Invocation de Antonio, inhabited by

another dedicated to Francifcus, inhabited by Perfons of
his Order
.

That

the chief Church Qofmus, built like a flat*roofd Houfe,

before which ftood

Cloyfter

was

two Turrets, and

incios'd within a great

in

Wall

them hung

Bells

fair

That

Entrance]

the Francifcan

middle ofapleafant Garden, and

fide a Tower
That moft of the People who kept the Feaft of St. TbU
Jacob, were at Ma/? when the Hollanders came thither, and though
they

had on each

in the

and St.
faw the Soldiers out of their Windows, judg'd them to
be
was reported) had a Defign upon Tamarica.
Up

had a

Ddd

Tortuguefes,

who

(as

it

The

Defcription
oi Garafu.

AMERICA

54-

Chap. VII.

o^Peciffa marching with his Booty from Garufa, fet feveral Houand march'd towards the Fort Orange , on thelfland Tamarica, Albuquerque

The Governor
on

fes

fire

informed thereof, difpatch'd a Spanifh Regiment, Commanded by Colonel Ferdinand

LudoVico Bdrbalbo, and Paulo de Perado, with a confiderable Body of Volunteers ; but

came too late Whereupon the Portugueses, being thus kept in continual
Alarms afhore, and fuftaining every day more and more Loffes at Sea, began to
defire Peace, and the rather, becaufe they could not hear of any Fleet coming from
Spain to their afliftance and hearing a Report, that the WeftJndia Company were
making great Preparations. To which purpofe Peter Ahares (acquainted with the
Dutch Commanders, as having been their Prifoner) was fent by Duarte de Albuquerque (to whom the Lordfhip oiPernambuco properly belonged) and by his Brother
they

all

(beiotf

General of all the Forces in

Brafile) to Pjtaffa,

to'Treat about the deciding

of the Differences between them and the Netherland Weft-India Company But the
Council in P^ciffa weighing the many Difadvantages that would enfue, if they
:

with the Portuguefes , return'd Ahares this

Anfwer "That the Weft-India Company was refolv'd, to the utmoft of their
11
power, to keep all thofe Places which they had taken by force of Arms but that
u if he could move Albuquerque to deliver up the Countrey to them, he fliould be
fhould upon

eafie

Terms patch up

a Peace

<c

bountifully rewarded.

After this the Hollanders Landing ztlSarra Grande , took great quantities of

Wine

and Tobacco, and burnt two Villages; as alfo the Sugar*Cane Fields, and SugarMills on Catuwanba, alfo one at !Barra Grande, and three at Porto Francifco.
At the fame time the Hollanders alfo fcatter'd Letters amongfl the Portuguefe, dignifying their trouble for the great effufion of Blood in thofe Parts, which was occafion'd

by

own

their

ftubborn and unreafonable Proceedings

making on

ting the great Preparations that were

and indeed
Succors from Spain.

fide the great unlikelihood,

receiving farther
The

Hollan-

ders

Coun-

cels betray'd

their

own

part,

likewife intima-

and on the other

impoflibility, as things then flood, of

Thefe things bieng powerfully urg'd, had perhaps taken greater

the

had not the

Portuguefes ,

effect

with

Counfels of the Netherlanders been betray'd

fecret

to the Portuguefe by Leo-

nard van
Lent.

by Leonard Van

who

Lorn,

c'onfefs'd that

tuguefe

Merchant,

Overfeerof the Prizes, and Tranflater of the Portuguefe Letters,

he was perfwaded to that villanous Action in Amflerdam by a Porcall'd Duarte %pdrigues Delves,

with

whom

he had made fome

Agreement and for the better confirmation had receiv'd the Sacrament upon it of
His Agreement was, " That he (hould go to P^ec'iffa, enquire
an Amflerdam Priefl
iC
after all Concerns, and give fpeedy advice thereof to Pjcque de Barros ; which he
did by a Mulatto, who carry' d Letters between them.
This Villain the Council judging worthy of Death, firfl caus'd his two fore5

Fingers to be cut

off,

The

next his Head, and afterwards his

Body

to be divided into

was likewife Beheaded.

About this time the Treafurer Ceulen viewing the Ifle Mayo, found the fame to be
furrounded with fteep Rocks, abounding with Horfes, AfTes, Partridges and Goats,
befides two Salt-pans. The Inhabitants, which go Arm'd with Half*pikes and

four Quarters.

Mulatto

outAaw'd Portuguefes,
was one Woman. They had a Governor,

rufty Hangers, arefaid to be a fort of

amongfl

whom

to the
call'd

number of thirty,
Amaro, to

whom

they gave yearly eight thoufand Goat-skins.

from hence Steer'd by the Ifland Del Fogo, known by a great

Mountain, whofe high top vomits Fire. Not far from which he took the Ship
St. Peter laden with Wine, with which he return'd fafe to P^ciffa, where a while
after Gyffelling arriv'd alfo, and was no fooner Landed, but four Ships, two Sloops,
Ceulen Sailing

fix

Chap. VII.
fix

Cockboats,

Barque and

M ERIC

Hoy,

fet Sail

A.

54-?

under the Conduct of John

MaH

with

Companies of choice Mufquetteers, Commanded by Colonel Scbuppe

who Landed behind the ftonie Bank of the River Alexio, furpris'd fome Portuguefe

four or five

Night fo faff, that by Day-break

they were got to the Shore of the River Formofa, where they took two rich laden
Fly-boats and a Carvel and afterwards Landing in the Road Camarigibi, they rook

and

their Houfes,

lS(egro's in

and march'd

in the

fifty Portuguefe in a Village, as alfo a Store-houfe full

bacco, burnt

Mill

all

and amongft others a brave Sugar*

an eminent Sugar=Mill near the Brook Maria Fa-

the Buildings thereabouts,

Captain Byma burnt alfo

Martin Tbyfoon lay a long time under the Line

rinha,

ofChefts with Sugar and To-

but at

laft

getting to the

Ifle

which joyn'd again

before Havana, pafs'd through the Straights 'Bahama (where he met with great
Storms, and many other Inconveniences) to Holland* But Gakyn van Stapels, who
Vacca he gave each Captain his Orders, and divided the Fleet,

parted with a Frigat from Tbyfzpons Fleet near Bonaire, Steer'd by the
Cotocbe to Si/al}

which Village having plundered, he

fet it

on

fire,

Promontory

fetched a

Barque

Night from the Road ofCampecbe (whofe City is feen at a great diftance offat
Sea, by the white Cloyfter Francifco) and fo fet Sail for Zealand. Houte-been arriv'd.
alfo about the middle of June with a rich Booty in-theTbcrf.
Not long after Houte*been weighing Anchor with the Otter Frigat, returned to
in the

and

%ec\ffa,

in his

Way

Licbthart take

thither took a Ship laden

mediately upon his arrival had a

Command

with Wine.

given

Colonel Schuppe im-

him of five hundred Men, and

John Licbthart of three Sail of Ships, a Pinnace and five Sloops

Sail to the River Formofa,

Formofa, fortifi'd with

Landing

Schuppe

his

Men

there,

with which they

fee

march'd up to the Fort

Moats, ftecp high Walls, and four Guns, Storm'd and took

the fame^ killing all thofe that were in the Garrifon, except the Governor Peter Albuquerque

In

which Victory neverthelefs

Philbert du Bajfon,

who

being

fliot in at

behind the Ear, dy'd of the fame, the

Wounds

the Hollanders loft the valiant Captain

which came out

Wound immediately feftering, to which all
the

Throat with a

Bullet,

The Hollanders alfo burnt four laden

full of Sugar, and pull'd down the Fort they had taken.

are very fubject in Brafile.

Store-houfe

Setting Sail again, they

Landed

to the

Northward of

Barques, a

the River Jlntonio Grande,

where they gain'd a Platform with five Guns, deftroy'd fix Ships, and took two
more in the Haven Camarigibi ; from whence they return'd to fyeciffa, after having
and taken thirteen of the Portuguese Ships, feveral Sugar-Mills, Store-houfes,

fpoil'd

and

a Caftle a

The

SW Frigat came

gag'd with a

Spanifl?

alfo in a fhatter'd condition to P^eciffa,

having been En*

Gallion carrying twenty eight great Guns, and

full

of Men,

which neverthelefs fhe would have mafter'd, had not an unfortunate Shot

fpoil'd

Rigging.

all her

About the fame time the Captains Byma, Everwyn, and flunking, fet Sail with their
Companies in three Ships to Porto Fra?icifco, where Landing, they burnt three Sugar*
Mills, befides feveral other brave Buildings, and brought away a rich Carvel,
whileft Laurence Van %embacb was made Colonel in Vfaerdenb erg's place, and Sigifmond
Schuppe Lieutenant-Colonel.

The

which the Tapuyan Agent made to the Hollanders had been very advantageous, had not the Summer Seafon been too far fpent
for he had promised,
That if they would Land a considerable Party of Men tw o Leagues Southward
Proffers

from

Schappe.sini

the River Grande } all the Tapuyans fhould joyn with them, and

driving the Portuguese out of

a/lift

them

in

Brafile.

After this Schuppe and Licbthart

went with

thirteen

Companies of Soldiers, and

two

the Fore for-

mofa.

AMERICA.
had

querque

upon

to fall

two hundred Seamen,

rais'd feveral

Enemy's

the

Chap.

Camp

at the Jfogados,

for the fecuring ofYerga } the

Works, partly

where

bell:

Mu*

Spot of

where there are likewife more Sugar*Mills than in the

whole Countrey, and partly to keep an open Way between Arryal and the PromonTo which purpofe they march'd by the Fort Jimilia along the
tory St. Auguftlne
plain Countrey, to the Stream Capivaribi, which they had crofs'd before the Tortuapproach, who being but a hundred and thirty, for*
vueft knew any thing of their
in all Ternambuco,

Land

fook their Works and ran into the Woods ; but aflifted with four Companies of
eagernefs on the Seamen, who
Italians y they Sally'd out of %eal> and fell with great
being guarded by forty Mufquetteers were raifing of Works in the Road which
leads to^eal y

and put them to

but being rally'd, and feconded by Colonel

flight
;

By-way, guarded by $yma and fiongarfon ;

where being ftopt, and Captain Cloppenburgb from another fide falling in amongft
them with his Mufquetteers, they became encompafs'd, and had been all flain, had
Jedburgh, they drove the

Enemy

not Le Grande, by making

way for

into a

them an opportunity of

Cloppenburgh, given

get-

away between them.

ting

which they had got on the other

fide of the River CapaVaribi, took order about the building of a Fort, which required
not far from whence Capthe greater Labor 3 becaufe the Earth was very ftonie
tain John Smith walking, was fhot by a Party of <Portuguefe lying behind fome Chefts

The

at %eciffa y to fecure the footing

Council

of Sugar
ther,

the

notice to his Enfign, he fpeedily march'd thi-

Blow whereof giving

tportuguefe, kill'd

and furprifingthe

moft part of them.

The

like fuccefs

had

Le Grande 3 Qoppenburgh } and Bongarfon y who marching out upon a Defign, furpris'd
unawares in John de Mendo^as Sugar-Mill, two Companies of Portuguefe, who ha<

ving watch'd there the whole Night, and compofing themfelves in the Morning to,
fleep, were fee upon, and moft of them kill'd, and the old Commander Jntonio Or*
ti%p de Mendo^a taken, who not long before came thither with a Regiment of <Portpguefes

the Sugar-Mill

was

alfo fet

on

fire.

Thefe

fuccefsful Expeditions

ftill

adding to the Hollanders frefh Courage, they

follow'd the career of their Succefles,and placingthree Companies in the

the Jfogados,dtcw their

Army

into three Divifions

Works of

Colonel %embach was to

Com*

which Order they waded through the River Capivaribi, placing fome Mufquetteers in a Houfe
built near the Highway, to fecure their Return that way, and came without any
where they found a long Street, with Shops on each fide
refinance to the Arryal

mand

Schuppe, the

the Forlorn

main Body

and Byma, the Referve

in

of Goods, which they pillag'd, notwithftanding the Enemy fir'd

furioufly from the Caftle upon them, and wounded Colonel %embach and Captain
Jedburgh. To the Northward before the Caftle lay a Redoubt with two Guns,
full

of

which
carry

all forts

weak to
Touch-holes, and march'd off with his Men,

Schuppe mattering, kill'd all that

away

the Guns, he nail'd

up

the

were

in the

fame

but being too

but in fuch diforder, that the Tortuguefe Sallying out of their Garrifon,
amongft them in that manner, that they were not able to bring away their

whom

fell

in

woun^

was Captain Jedburgh and it had been worfe, had not

^mback (who though he was fhot in at the Shoulder, under the Blade-bone whereof
lay the Bullet) kept them off till fuch time as the Hollanders were got over the River

ded Men, amongft

Qaphar'ibi) near the fore

who

kill'd

above

mer Skirmifhes

fifty

men tion'd Houfe, guarded by

of the

Company

<Portuguefes y befides fifty that

of Mufquetteers,

had been

flain in the for-

the Hollanders themfelves alfo had loft a hundred and thirty

Men

yet notwithftanding they ceafed not, but march'd in Parties through all parts of
Verga,

where they met with no oppofition, but found

the Sugar-Mills full of Sugar,

left

AMERICA

Chap. VII.
left

to be kept

by a few

the

Wounded,

efpeciaily

nio

Negro's,

%embach alfo

fcrit

Dmmmfto\eal

to

demand

Colonel Jedburgh, with a Letter from the Prifoner AntoMendo^a, requeuing the Governor Albuquerque and Duke of Bagnola,
that they

would be

pleas'd to

The Drummer

releafe the Hollanders

on Exchange, or

elfe

upon Ranfom.

being civilly Entertain'd by Jlbuquerque,

brought back with him a

for the wounded Mendo%t> with which a Wound
made by
a Bullet being anointed about three Fingers breadth, it draws out the fame.
<Bagnola
ftrange

Oyl c&WdAury,

afterwards fent

Hammock
gados with

to %embacb, in requital for his kindnefs in fending

Mendo^a in a
to %eal
Mean while the Hollanders ftill fortified their Works at the
AfoPallifado's and Platforms, on which they put five Guns. They
it

likewife

work'd daily on the fore*mention'd Caftle, whileft 6Y/;#>e march'd with four hundred Men in the Night over the River Jangada to Moribeca
which approaching,
he perceiv'd the Way ftopt up with fell'd Trees wherefore he march'd about to
the
Village, which he found forfaken by the Inhabitants, and all the Houfes
left empty,
onely five hundred Chefts of Sugar that had been brought thither from
Verga,
which Schuppe Commanded to be fet on fire with the Village, leaving onely the
Church, and at his Return burnt alfo a Sugar-Mill.
The Governor Albuquerque having formerly never fpar'd any Hollanders which Articles be =
fell into his hands, began now to be better advis'd
and it was alfo Agreed upon mfi-rim
between the King of Spain and States of the United Netherlands, That they fliould ^STik^
burn no Church, unlefs the one, or the other Party made refiftance in the fame f
.

That the Victor fliould be

and releafe the Prifoners

upon requeft of Quarter, to fpare his Enemies^

an indifferent fum of Money That both Parties

oblig'd,
for

fliould forbear to ufe

chew'd or poyfon'd Bullets.

Schuppe being chofen Chief over the Militia in %embach\ Place (who
dy'd of his
Wound,) lay not long ftill, butfetting Sail with eleven Ships to the Ifle Tamarica,

Landed feven Companies before

though well provided and
that he

the Caftle Noftra

fortifi'd,

might depart with

Sennora de Conception

which,

the Governor fignioro furrendred, on Condition

Men

and the Church Ornaments.

Matthias Van Qeulen and Schuppe Rowing up the Stream Goiana with Sloops and
Boats, put to flight Laurence CaValcanti, burnt divers Sugar-Mills, and took abundance of rich Merchandize
Ten days they made havock in the middle of their
Enemies Countreys without any refiftance for all of them fled to the Aldus,
;
all his

(fo they call the Brafilian Villages)

At

laft

they return'd

home with

great Booty,
and Brafik Wood ; whileft thofe at %eciffa were not idle, doing
great mifchief by their continual Sallies, Tourlong burning a Fifliers
:

efpeciaily of Sugar

the tportuguefi

Village, and fBongurfon a ftately Banquetting-houfe belonging to Cay ale ant near
Arryal ; as alfo fedro Jcunha de Andada's Sugar-Mill, from whence he took
great

Booty.

About the fame time the Tortuguefe of feveral Parts,terrifi'd by continual Alarms The iw
and Loffes, began to incline to the Weft-India Company, believing that they fliould StiiK
utterly be ruin'd, if they continued to joyn with Albuquerque's Party

(who

claim' d 2?****

<Pemambuco wholly to himfclf) and therefore car'd not whether he or the Hollanders
were Mafters,fo they might live peaceably. Mean while the Hollanders march'd from
the Afogados to Arryal

marching before with two hundred and fifty Seamen, was followed by the Lieutenant-Colonel De Fries, and he by a Company of
Negro's that carry'd Provifions
next <Byma march'd with the Referve. The Treafurer John Gyfeling alfo accompanied the Army, which Encamp'd near
Francifco Brito
Machados Wind=Mill, and Garrifon'd the half-finifli'd Fort near the Sugar-Mill be*
:

Schuppe

longing to Marcus Andre, whileft three Companies

Commanded

by Captain De

Fries

march'd

a M B<KI C

'

Chap. VII.

A.

but the Portuguefe lying in an Ambuf.

march'd to MonteroosMUsxo take the fame
had not Schuppe, hearing the Guns, fent away
cade had given them a fhrewd Rebuke,
who coming out from amongft the Sugar*Canes,
the Captains Picard and Garftman,
began to increafe daily, infomuch that
put the Enemy to flight yet the Portuguese
the Dutch Army began
got above two thouYand Men together at Arryal, whileft
;

they

from
the River with the Exeter Ketch, and a Boat hung
being within Mufquetabout with Hides to fecure his Men from the Bullets, and
whole Power fhot
from the Works where Captain S<;^e lay, the Enemy's

want Provifions wherefore

P^affa but as he was coming up

to

Jacob Hulgen

order'd to fetch a Supply

was

(hot

Ketch and Boat

vehemently upon him from the top of a Hill, that both the
mod of his Men were
were funk Hulgen himfelf receiv'd two mortal Wounds, and

fo
frcohHuizen

flain '

kill'd, a

Schuppe therefore

few wounded onely efcaping with Life.

return for

want of Provifions,and

was

was inform'd

the rather, becaufe he

fore'd to

that <Bagnola

Supply of feven hundred Men.

Mean while the two Captains,Swie?tf and Dunkirken performed a valiant Exploit,
a great Portuguese Veflel richly
Vi* they went with a few Men in a Boat, and took

was coming with

laden, having

no more than four Blunderbufles and

their

Swords

in the

Boat

with them.

where he found moft of the People at

Stiver Church. Albuquerque inform'd thereof, fent two hundred Men immediately, Com.
M
22?^ manded by Francifco Jlmeda, to intercept him in his Return but he marching on to
Tamarka, they purfu'd him ; he marching but llowly, becaufe the narrow Way was
beyond Garafu, near
ftopt up withfell'd Trees, they overtook him half a League
them, a great
Peter %ochas Sugar*Millj where after a fharp Encounter between
a

<Byma alfo

notabfc

fell

upon

the Village Moriwen,

'

was made amongft the Spaniards, Jlmeda and many other Perfons being
Victory, march'd to Ga
flain, and the reft put to flight. 2yma having obtain'd this
Cloyfters, according to
rafu and burnt the fame, fparing onely the Churches and

flaughter

the Articles

made between

Scbuppe prevented

return'dback to
Van H.orns

Albuquerque and P^embach.

from eroding

P^eciffa

the River Jangada

by the many muddy Creeks,

with great Booty, which he had taken out of a Store-houfe.

The Dutch Cruifers alfo brought

The Exploits perform'd by

in

many

'John

Prizes.

Johnfoon Van Hoorn, with four Ships, three

Exploits.

Ketches, and a Sloop, are likewife very remarkable ; for with this Fleet in the
Sailing towards the City Cam*,
firft place he took the City Truxillo, and from thence

and Storming the fame valiantly, foon became Mafter of it the Booty of
which two Places being brought aboard, increas'd confiderably the Weft-India Com-

peche,

panies Stock.
In regard Albuquerque underftood the Situation of Pemambuco better than the Hollanders, and had all the Natives to aflift him, and by confequence was the better able
to defend himfelf againft their continual Alarms, the Council at fyciffa therefore
judg'd it convenient to make a farther Voyage to the South, that the Portuguefe, who

were highly difcontented about the Lofles which they had fuftain'd, might be the
To which purpofe ten Ketches,
fooner indue'd to fubmit to their Government
Mann'd with feven hundred Soldiers, befides Seamen, fetSailon the tenth of OBo:

ber,

under the

Command

ran into the River Porto

of John

Gyfeling,

de Piedrat,

Scbuppe,

and

where they took

SerVaes Carpentier,

a confiderable

Chefts of Sugar, out of Mills, Barques, and Store-houfes,

who

firft

number of

waded through

the little

Stream Tatona Man/a, burnt a Village of the fame Denomination, and Sail'd to the
River Camarigibi, which they Rowing up in the Night, were got not above four

Leagues by Daybreak, the contrary Tide, and the Plants

call'd

Mangues having
hindred

U M Ett^l C

Chap. VII.

J.

but being inform'd by certain Tortuguefe Prihindned them from getting farther
foners, that abundance of Sugar lay in Worto Franclfco, they marching thither, found

under a Straw Roof

Wood,feventy four Chefts of Sugar, and a great deal more

in feveral Storehoufes. They alfo pillag'd the whole Countrey towards Jlagoa
del Noortj St- Miguel, and Alagoa del Zur. Not far from which Scbuppe falling upon
in a

the Village Sennora de Conception, burnt the fame, as alfo a Ship

upon

the Stocks,

Mouth of the Stream Alagoa, and the Tackling belonging

and carry 'd away with them a very great Booty.

the Houfes at the

two

Ships,

Tourlon alfo

to the

march'd with four Companies from 7amarica to Mangianguape^hzrt

the Garrifon from Garafu, and fome Jefuits lay, to diffwade the People from fubmitting themfelvesto the Wefl-lndia Company, to which they were much inclined.

But

Tourlon

fled

march'd not fo privately, but that the

wherefore he rinding Mangianguape empty,

Enemy had

orTer'd the

alfo feveral Sugar-Mills, butfpar'd the Lives of all thofe

notice thereof, and

fame to the Flames,

who

as

begg'd Quarter.

fame time with a hundred and forty Mufquetteers, befides two

Companies of Seamen, leaving the Afogados in the Night, march'd to Amaro by Daybreak, which he fet on fire, with a Sugar-Mill and a Store-houfe full of Sugar,
<
about the
Bymci

upon which the Enemy

taking Alarm, plac'd their Ambufcades fo cunningly, and fell upon them fo furioufly, that they had undoubtedly kill'd every Man of them, had not a Party come
had taken

after every Soldier

in timely to their afliftance,

as

much

as

he could carry

and fore'd the

<Portuguefe to fly to a

neighboring Sugar*

Mill built on a Hill, from whence they fir'd with great eagernefs, and made a
mighty noife, blowing their Trumpets and beating their Drums. *Byma being for-

boW

j^

ced to pafs by the Mill within the reach of the Enemy's Guns, refolv'd upon a bold
Attempt, and commanding his Men to throw away their Sugar, and other Booty

with which they burthen'd themfelves, on afudden ran up to the top of the Hill
which Action fo amaz'd the Tortuguefe, that they fled without offering the leafl reft*
fiance. Byma thereupon proceeded on his Way to the Afogados, leaving behind him
;

above feventy flain, and divers wounded

iz
During thefe Exploits on Shore, the Commander Smient Cruis'd with fix Sail ^ JL?"
two Ships belonging to his Fleet fleering towards the Haven of Licht ^ rt
before faraiba
Formofa, difcover'd five Carvels, a Pink carrying twenty fix, and a great Fly-boat

eighteen Guns, both T*unkirkers

-,

one of the Carvels ran aground, and wasflav'd to

Grande^ad the other two were taken.

two of them got into <Rjo

About the fame time Lichthart with two Sloops pafsM into the River Qonayou, kt
upon feven Barques of the <Portuguefe, Mann'd with feventy Seamen, and ply'd
them with his Brafs Guns after fuch a manner, that few efcap'd with their Lives
he took what he thought fit out out of the Barques, and afterwards fet them on

pieces,

fire.

and feven
Anchor with four Ships
Treafurer Matthias van Ceulen weighed
*
&
Ketches, Mann'd with eight hundred Men, with which he fet Sail to fyo Grande,

The

with intention to

fall

upon

the Fort Tres

<3%eyes.

In the River he took

two

Carvels,

though they lay clofe under the Caflle, Landed a Company of Soldiers, and a hundred and fifty Seamen on the Southern Shore, guarded the frefh River with Boats,
march'd directly to Tres ^yes, and Encamp'd himfelf near the Redoubt which lay
before the Caflle, being followed by <Byma, Garftman, and Qoppenburgh, who in their
took a Houfe built on a Hill, and confiderable Booty in it. fcyma getting
about Noon to the Village Natall, left fome of his Men there, whilefl he march'd

Way

With the

reft to the Caflle Tres <l{eyes.

at firft a refolute

Ceulen

denyal from the Governor

fending to
<Peter

demand

Mende^

the Caflle, received

de GoVea

but

when

the

Befieg;ecl

f*a*h?*
Expedition.

AMERICA.

H8

Chap. VII.

Befieasd faw the Hollanders refolucely bent upon a Storm,they fent to defire a Treaty,
and after fome fmall Capitulation the Caftle was furrendred upon Articles. Garfl*

man being made

him.

The

Commander of the Caftle, had

hundred and

down and

had pull'd

Fleet fet Sail again, after they

Soldiers alio w'd

fifty

deftroy'd all the

and made the Inhabitants take an Oath to be faithful

to Garfiman, who changed the Name of the Caftle from Tres ^eyes to that of Ceulen,
being the Name of the Treafurer, who bore the chiefeft Commmand in the Siege,

Works which had been

rais'd,

and when the

King

Companies

(Braftlian

fuccefs, receiv'd

Jandui

came with

him with

a great

Train

to congratulate the

great civility.

Year 1634. twenty fix Sail weighed Anchor from (Rjciffa,

to Cruifeup and down in Squadrons before the Inlet Todos los SanHos, the Promon*
tory St. Juguftine, the Rivers Francifco and (parayba. Schuppe and Lichthart alfo fet Sail
In the beginning of the

with two Ships, a Ketch, two Pinnaces, and a Sloop, carrying two hundred Soldiers befides

Seamen.

while frefh Forces were fent from the Texel, theMaesznd Zeland, to ^ewhere the Council undertook another notable Defign, Yi^. to furprize the

Mean
ciffa,

Forts aloncr the River Tarayha

themfelves into
Lichthart

drives

Portuguese
out of the
Puntael.

two Squadrons under

and

Un<?^Schuppe,SerVaes Carpentier,

the

whither coming with twenty

the

Command

Lichthart,

Steer'd

divided

of the Treafurer John Gyfe*

Having receiv'd fome repulfe at the

fome other place, and to that purpofe

upon A&ion in
by Day-break
towards the Point St. Augufiine

Fort Na^aretta, they refolv'd

Sail, they

a part

of the Fleet ran into

Mouth of the Haven, notwithstanding the (Portuguefe fir'd upon them with great
Guns from the Caftle, and all their Works, without doing any confiderable
the

damage, onely the

Sea*knight

whileft the Hollanders

fell

upon

Ketch running aground was fhatter'd

Commanded by

all to pieces

Landed near Puntael, and

fuch a manner,that they forc'd them to forfake the Place,

the fortuguefe in

Captain

Lichthart

burnt above two thoufand Chefts of Sugar, feveral Store-houfes, and a great
Ship., befides

two Barques.
Mafter of the funtael, was very bufie

Lichthart being

doubt which the

Enemy had

begun, and fecur'd

he plac'd

two Companies,and

Aid from

all the

rais'd feveral

neighboring Places,

fet

it

in finishing a

by a Wall and Paliifado's.

endea-

Ships.

Fifteen

hundred

fortuguefes

Here

Works,whileft the Tortuguefe receiving

upon

the recovery of the Puntael,

the rather encouraged thereunto, in regard the Hollander sV ox cts

vor

Stone Re-

were

ftill

being

in their

were divided into two Parties, the greateft of

in vain

to regain the

Puntael.

which came through behind the adjacent MoraiTes, and forc'd in on the fide of the
place near which the fifteen Ships taken by Lichthart lay at an Anchor, whileft the
other Party fell upon the Out=works ; where though the Hollanders defended them*
felves valiantly at firft, yet they were forc'd to Retreat to the Redoubt, where both
Parties fought with great eagernefs

and

firing in

amongft the

but the Hollanders Ketches haling near the Shore,

Tortuguefe with their great

Guns, forc'd them to flye,and

contrary to their Cuftom, to leave their dead Bodies behind them.

Soon
tuguefe,

after, whileft Gyffeling^ Schuppc y

defigning to take

J{ecijjfa,

and

Lichthart ftay'd at the Tuntael,

the Vor[

kept the Jfogados and the Fort on Antonio Vacs in

Alarm which made the Hollanders fend moft of their Militia thither, and
to fortifie yet more ftrongly than before. The Caftle De .{Bruin firft difcovering the
(portuguefe wading through the Water, fir'd great Guns at them, upon the hearing

continual

of which Waerdenhurgh and

St. George fir'd alio.

The

Company of
upon the Enemy

nant-Colonel <Byma march'd with a

from whence they fir'd ftoutly

Paliifado's and Stone Redoubt

wherefore

Treafurer Ceulen and Lieute-

Soldiers to the Stone

Ceulen

yet thirty of

march'd

in

Redoubt,

them got by
with fome of

the
his

Men

Chap. VII.
Men to affift the
were

ftopt,

Citizens, and keep the

woodden

and with great and fmall Shot put to

Hollanders took informed them,

tuguese that

M E %_l C

sJ

made

That Martin

Attempt, had divided

this

which confided of three hundred Men, was

when

the other Parties were

the Shore

549

Battery, where the Portugucfe

The Priioners which the

chief Commander over the Por-

flight.

Snares,

Men

his

A.

into three Parties

march on upon

to

the

the Referve,

making of a

fign

one along the River Bibinba, and the other along

pail:,

by the Stone Redoubt into

to burn the Place, as alfo all

%eeiffta,

manner

of Provifion and Ammunition.

Whileft

this

Defignof the

Portugueje fell outfounfortunately,being difcover'd to

by a Renegado, the Hollanders at %ecijfa receiv'd two Companies from their

Regiment at the Tuntael, and a confiderable number of Men rais'd in Holland by the
Ceulen

Weft -India
ties,

Company.

burnt

in

Ceulen

view of

and Byma thus fupply'd, went continually out

the Garrifon in Arryal the Sugar-Mills

cMontero and Lewis %amires, and were informed

there

were not three hundred

upon

Men

in

by

in Par-

belonging to Francifeo

five Italian

Renegado's, That

Garrifon in Arryal- which foencourag'dl^w^,

the fame, march'd thither in the

Night with a thoufand Men hom^eciffa, and by Day=break fhot fixteenGranado's from a neighboring Hill, of which feven fell into Arryal, but did little Execution bcfides, the
Strength of the Place was fuch, and the number of Men fo confiderable, that his
that he refolving to fall

Efma

at-

taking

of

wnhoutfuc-

Defign had no other

fuccefs,

Houfes before the Fort,

with

rich Shops,

The

than that a Hand*granado falling

fet fire

on them, and

and the Habitations of the

fliort

in a fliort time burnt a

amongft the

whole

Street

Italians.

Byma had Befieg'd Arryal with a

thoufand Men, judg'd thatmoftof the Hollanders \K'ere gone thither from the Tttntaelwhich they were the apter to believe, becaufe the Hollanders coming but little
abroad ftay'd within their Redoubts, which Lichthart had joyn'd to a Battery
wherefore they made another Attempt with a hundred and twenty Men on the
but a Carvel with two Brafs Guns, and a Company of Soldiers lying at
Puntael
Anchor near the Place by which the Portuguese were to pafs, and they not expecting
Portuguese at the Puntael being infonrfd,that

to meet with any refiftance there, they were, as foon as they approached the Carvel,

fir'duponby the Hollanders,

who

killing feveral of their

Men,

fo affrighted

them,

making any farther Attempt.

Whileft every day more and more Prizes were taken by the Hollanders, and
i*0'/r"
C n
r
brought into ]\eciff a, and rrelh Supplies lent them from Holland, there began to be
fome Overtures of Peace from the Portugnefe wherein alfo the King of Spain, by
reafon of the feveral Damages he had fuftain'd from the Dutch, began to concern
hirnfelf, and to menace them with the great Forces he was able to raife, by reafon
of the late fafe arrival of two rich Plate-Fleets, if they came not to reafonable
Terms. But anfwer was return'd from 'Byma, a That if they were minded to

that they returned without

1-1

11

overtures^
Pe acc from
the po-

u Treat
<c

about giving of Quarter, or any fuch like Point in difference between them,
they fhould find him ready ; but that the WeftJndia Company would never re-

(i

fign thofe Places taken in Brafile with the

<c

but would defend them to the utmoft of their Power,

The
guefe

Town

Hollanders alfo changed the

for the Caftle near the

on

Puntael,

Promontory

Tamarica, Schuppenftadt

The

Names of

Sword,

either for

Money

feveral Places taken

St. Auguftine

was

from

or Goods,

the Portu-

call'd Gyjjeling

the

the Fort at the Afogados, Prince William-, and the

Fortrefs Vander Dujfen.

Notwithstanding the Requefts of the States of the Netherlands and Weft -India Com$
pany, to the Commiflioners Ceulen and Gyjfeling, to ftay longer in the WeftJndies^ tarn hon*-

yet they

prepaid for

their

Voyage home, and

the fpeedier, becaufe they expected

e e

fi

a M E %~1 C

55

Chap. VII

J.

came from Holland. During

great fcarcity of Provifions, unlefs a hidden Supply
taken five thoufand five hundred and
their two years Government here, they had
nineteen Chefts of Sugar, a hundred

fifty

nine thoufand nine hundred thirty and

Pound of <Brafik Wood, one and thirty Ships laden with feveral Goods, which
amounted to 230000 I. befides the value of the Ships and Guns, the taken Forts,
going away above
deftroy'd Sugar-Mills, and other Buildings. They left at their
nine

four thoufand Soldiers, divided into thirty

two Companies,

to guard

(Brafile,

under

otSchuppe zndjrcijfeusky, and carry'd with them a hundred Soldiers,

Moreover, thirty two Sail of Ships,Mann'd
befides one and fifty fick and maimed
with a thoufand and eighty feven Seamen, were order'd to Cruife up and down bethe

Command

Jandufs
great Service
to the N.e-

Promontory of

fore the Coaft o<Brafile, befides four Ketches'before the

ibirlanders.

fiine,

and

fix

St.

Jugu-

Haven ofTemambuco.

Ships in the

After Ceulen and Gyffeling had

fet Sail

fox Holland, divers Prizes

from the

to %ecijfa, as alfo feveral Ships arriv'd there

were brought

Texel and the Maes.

in-

The HoU

went out continually in Parties, whileft Schuppe and Lichtbart fet Sail alfo with
eight Ships, Mann'd with fix Companies of Soldiers, befides Seamen, to plunder
and pillage all the Havens to the South, where feveral fortuguefe Veffels lay laden

landers

with Sugar*

But Janduy,

who with

with the Go-

his Subjects the Tapuyans, joyn'd

one time thirty feven Portugueses, and not long after two
taking his leave of Garftman, went home with fix HoU
hundred and fixty more
landers, leaving his Son, the young Janduy, and his Brother Caracara, together with

vernor Garftman,

kill'd at

his

Nephew

Janduy

Copun, to his care,

made

his Bufinefsto

it

perfwade the adjacent Tapuyans to joyn their For-

upon the fortuguefe. Mean

while the young Janduy and Copun went to %ecijfa, which was the rather permitted,
that they might be able to damp the Reports which the fortuguefe had fprea<f
amongft the Tapuyans, Vi^. That the Hollanders were very ill provided, and therefore made all poflible Preparations to defend ^eciffa, and confequently the whole
Countrey ofBrafde, and fo leave thofe Tapuyans that joyn'd with them to the mercy
with

ces

his,

and fo by the

Hollanders afliftance to fall

of the Spaniards.
Ambafiadors
to con-

fent

with him
about carrying on their
sult

Defigns.

were difpatch'd from thence the Counsellors Jacob Stackhower y

and Colonel Arciffeusky, with the Interpreter Antonio <ParapoaVo, to Treat with Janduy
about the Defign which they had upon the fortuguefe, and alfo what Advantages
he mould receive, if he would aiTift the Weft*India Company with his Forces, when-

Not long

after

mould be fent to.

King Janduy bore Command over fixteen hundred Men, whofe Wives carry 'd
their Hammocks after them to deep on in the Night, having nofetled Habitations,
but ranging in Parties up and down from place to place to get their Foodjthe young
People went commonly along with Beretiawa, and the old with Janduy round about
whofe Countrey dwelt the poor Natives Jciki, as alfo Juckerijou, Ociowciou, <Pajoke,
and Jponoripu
the firft are Commanded by King CoBaculy the fecond, by SMaraever he

His Power,
Enemies* and
Allies.

kou, a Friend

the

<Portuguefes

the third, by

which twolaft are no way

forts

the fourth,

inferior in

Power

by

J{jdoa
;

and

to Janduy, but the

up

of People continually Warr'd againft Janduy, Yt^ the Jenbo,

in the

Countrey, that no

Chriftians

the other three are the Woyana, Carhy, and

The fore-mention'd
pany of

him

Hpnhu

much weaker.

Four
fo far

of the

by Jarepo

laft,

others

Tapuyans^ led

after his death,

ever

came

Carir'ftoajfn,

Interpreter Tarapoavo

who

was met

by Commendaoura, Janduy

to the

Sifters

Son,

live

knowledge of them

affift

in his

who

the fortuguefe.

Journey by a Goih-

who was

to Cuccccd

according to the Cuftom of the Tapuyans, whofe Sons do not

fucceed

Chap. VII.

*A

M E%^IC

A.

151

lucceed their Fathers in the Throne, but their Sifters Sons.

That

he was

impower'd by

pofe coming with forty

Uncle to Treat with the Hollanders

his

Men

Commendaoura told him,

before the Caftle Qeulen,

which purhe inform'd them, That

*

to

'jandouy

could not come to them with his whole Power, becaufe there was
no

Water

in the

Mountains

his deceafed Wife.

Mitiapa in the

Janduoy

was

Summer

alfo requefted to

get great ftore of Booty, and that the Hollanders

frefli

Moreover, that he Mourn'd for

go to (Parayba ) where he fliould

would follow them with

a confi-

derable Power.
Arciffemky being inform'd of the

takcnPrifonersby the
thence to Portugal, and

Condition oiConayou by two,

Portuguefe, leap'd

fwam

afliore,

who

having been The Fort fc

over-board from a Carvel, bound from T/Zljffy

march'd from the Fort

Qeulen in the

Night

With two hundred Men, befides forty Tapuyans, who kill'd more Venifon for the
Hollanders than they were able to eat and coming within two Cannonssfriot
of Co;
nayou,

he divided his

Men

into four Parties, that fo they might

Storm the four Cor*

nersof the Fort at once ; which having done by fwimming over the Moat and
climbing up the Walls, which were a Pikes length, they got into the Fort, in which
they found eleven dead Bodies, ten Iron Guns, two Hooks, and feveral Cherts of
Sugar and amongft other Prifoners they took the Captain Ahares Fragofo d' Al;

buquerque.

Stackhower alfo fetting Sail

meet him again

at

when

Arciffemky left the Caftle Ceulen, intending to

an appointed time before Conayou, was kept back by contrary

Winds.
After this Arciffeusky

fet Sail to

Mongoangape, where

took a Ketch with two hundred Chefts of Sugar,

Landed where

as alfo a

the River, he

Carvel and a Boat, and

the River bends about a Mountain,

that they quitted Antonio Marino's

guefe,

Rowing up

which fo affrighted the fortuSugar-Mills. Soon after the Fleet took a

Barque with Wine, and return'd to %eciffa.

Mean while Scbuppe was not idle, for going up the River Camarigibi, he burnt divers Houfes, as alfo on each fide of the River Alagoa
where he alfo took four rich
;
Sugar=Mills, whileft many Veffels from the United Netherlands brought feveral Ships
into the Haven of Ternambuco, which they had taken on the Coaftof Brafile.

About

the latter end of November 1634. thirty

two

Sail, divided into

two Squa*

carrying in one and twenty Ships,a thoufand nine hundred forty and
five Soldiers, the fecond on eleven Ketches,four hundred and nine) under the Com*

drons(the

mand

fir ft

of Scbuppe, Arciffeusky, Carpentier, and Stackhower, welgh'd

Anchor to go to Tawhere Schuppe Landing firft with fix hundred Men, fell upon the Enemy in
rayba
fuch a manner, that he put them to flight, and forced them to leave a great part of
their Arms, Hats and Coats behind ; and it wanted little but the Governor Antonio
;

d*

Albuquerque had been taken in the purfuit

Mean while

the reft of the Hollanders

march'd along a Cart^Road with three Companies directly

to the Fort Santa Margareta, and Encamp'd himfelf behind a Hill, about a Mufquet-

Landed, and

Capper Ley

from the Walls of the Fort Schuppe going along the Shore, found divers for*
faken Works, and Intrench'd along the River on the Eaft-fide of the Caftle. Jr*
ciffemky march'd on the Right-hand along the Sea-fhore in view of the Tortuguefe in
fhot

Garrifon.

In the River lay an

Ifle,

on which was

built the Caftle ^eftinga,

which

could receive conftant Aid from the Caftle Margareta on the Main.

going in between the Ifland and the Caftle Margareta with fix well
Mannd Boats, took two Barques and a Boat behind the Ifland, and march'd
through a Wood to ^eflringa where he found that the Fort feparated from the
Lichthart

Ifland,

was furrounded with Water, wherefore he withdrew

e e

into the

Wood

till

the

?******,
P ted bvthe

"

A
the

A.

Chap. VII:

down, and then Storm'd the Fort ^eftringa, and notwithhim with two Brals Guns, he foon
fortuguefe fit'd continually upon

Water was

ftandinz the

M E %^1 C

fall'n

whom he found had born Arms whileft

became Mafter of it, and cutoff all thofe
Margareta from a Platform, and alio threw Granado's inSchuppe fiYd upon the Fort
likewife approach'd nearer and nearer with his Trenches,
to the fame. Jrcijfemky
Guns but after the Brcaftwoiks were
on which the fortuguefe difcharged many
Simon de Albuquerque, furrendred the Fort to
moft of them fpoil'd, the Governor,
and fifty Men that were in Garrifon there, to go
Schuppe, who permitted a hundred
]

The Port
Margarita
ta^cr.

by

Schuppe.

the Countrey, the reft were Tranfported to other

to their feveral Dwellings up in
bear Arms againft the Weft-India Company
places, on promife that they would not
Caftle the Hollanders found fix Brafs Demiduring the lpace of fix Moneths. In the
with which the Victors
and fifteen Drakes, befides other Ammunition,

Culverins

in a pofture to go up a Creek which

purfu'd their Conqueft, putting themfelves
and to fall upon that City, when two
runs two Leagues along a River to farayba,
coming from the Northern Fort Jntonio brought information,

Frencfc

Renegado's

That that

Men, and had but little Gunpowder, and

fhe w of Storming the fame, it would foon

Fort was guarded but by a few

if the Hollanders

would but once make

it is invincible ; but Schuppe fuppos'd

be deliver'd to them, though for its Situation
Information, and the rather, becaufe he heard
that there might be a Plot in this
with fix hundred Men ; neverthelefs,
the Duke of Bagnhfa was coming thither

that

Jntonio : The GoverThe-**^. to be better aiTur'd thereof, he fent a Drummer to demand

bTiil nor thereof, call'd Magaglianes defir'd three days time to confider, which was utterly
onely leave to carry away the King's Standard, and his

deny'd him, and he had

(hew of Storming the Caftle,

Requeft granted, That the Hollanders fhould make a
Fortrefs without a Gun being fiYd;
that it might not be faid he had furrendred fuch a
for the
fuch a Victory
Lichthart went into the Caftle, wondring at
.

which
an inacceffible place, and had
Fort, on which no Charges had beenfpar'd, lay upon
five Brafs Culverins and nineteen Iron Guns.
the
The Hollanders encourag d by their good Succefs, went the fame Night up
Landing, they found all the
River farayba to the Creek Tambia Grande- where
City farayba
Works empty, three Iron Guns lying difmounted on the Ground, the

after

The City Farayba deferted by Bagnola.

ufelefs, or funk in the

without People, and the Guns about the fame either made
farayba, otherwife call'd
Haven. A Hamburgher that had liv'd a confiderable time in
<Bagnola feeing no means to defend farayba,
fhilippea, inform'd the Hollanders, That
the other Spaniards,
was gone to Ooyana with two Companies, one oUtalians, and

who were

had burnt three Ships, and two

three hunof Sugar, in which there were confum'd near upon

march'd into the Woods,

Store-houfes full

after they

dred Chefts.

Company fent
Defign upon farayba was undertaken, the Weft-India
Curacao } the Situaout four Veffels under the Command of John Walbeek, to the Ifle
longtime a Prifoner there
tion of which JohnOtzpn knew exactly, having been a
Rock* into a convenient
Walbeek getting through a narrow Mouth between feveral
Encountred
Harbor before Curacao, Landed feventy five Mufquetteers who were
Arm'd with Clubs, which the Spaniards had animated to fight,
Before

this

by feventy 'Braftlians
over the Ifland,
by making them half Drunk. The Hollanders having march'd all
lopes de Morlaburnt the Vi\h%e Maria, and atlaft agreed with the Governor Alonfo
to leave the

Ifle.

Schuppe chang'd the

Fredenck-Stadt, in
Paryha, or

j^

Name

honor

of farayba ,or

^a

2\c

to the Prince of Orange,

Sennora das Nieves, or fhilippea, into

nam'd

Frederick Henrick.

Francifcan
City hath two areat Marketplaces, twelve Streets, and a large

Cloy Iter,

tecdvd.

M E%,I C

*A

Chap. VII.

A.

553

GloyReP, built near a Lake, and inclos'd within a Wall by a broad Bay, which the
River farayba makes before the City- the Countrey about which is mountainous
In other places, efpecially along the River, lie many fruitful Plains, abounding
:

fome places with the Grain Mandiboca, which is ground to Meal, Potato's, Lem*
mons, Cabbages, Cucumbers, Bananas, Coco^-Nuts, Ginger, Araba, very delicious
in

when

Preferv'd with Sugar, and Carious, fomewhatti-ke Chefnuts, of which the

Natives make an intoxicating Liquor.

were put

good order at Tarayba, Colonel Ticard march'd

with eight Companies to' the Houfe Validaris, if poffible, there to take the Governor
Whilefl: all things

Jntonio Albuquerque Prifoner

back with ficard and

in

but he being forfaken by

Commander,

their

all the

Bra/Mans

(who came

the Jefuit Emanuel de Morals) abfconded

himfelf ; not long before which a Proclamation had been publifh'd in the Name
of the States of the United Netherlands and the Wefldndia Company, promifing oreat
Civilities

and Advantages to

all

the Inhabitants of Tarayba, whether Natives or

would come in and fubmit to their Government.

This Invitation was fo well receiv'd, that many who were kept back fo long as
Albuquerque appear'd, as loon as they heard of his obfcuring himfelf, came in to the
others, that

Hollanders,

as Duarte Gomes,

and

feveral

eminent

<Portuguefes,

with a considerable

number of indifferent quality as alfo the Inhabitants of the Province of <%jo Grande
came to Frederick'Stadt, to claim the benefit of the Proclamation.
;

Jrciffemky and Stackbotfer marching to Goyana with feven hundred and fifty

took up their Quarters

where

all the

own'd

in the Village CapVaribi,ly'mg at a

Inhabitants of Goyana, being fully

Government, and
Captain <%ebellino, animated by the

fals,

their

off

fell

all

the Sugar*Canes and

feusky marching, foon put them to

Brafilians,

Wood

(Brafile

s*nus
hundred SJm^to

But the

Spain.

Village Mofuick, got three

company of

Name

with the Hollanders Propo-

from the King of

Jefuits in the

Soldiers together, befides a confiderable

Qtmaron, and burnt

fatisfi'd

River of the fame

Men,

Spanifk

Commanded by

in Goyana
;

whither

pkce '

Arcif-

and burnt the Village Mofuick, with the

Cloyfter, from whence the Enemy ran to the Grange Mountain
flight,

Church and Jefuits

Miritbi, which in the rainy Seafon, efpecially when great Showers fall, makes a
noife like claps of Thunder, or like great Guns. The fame Wonder is obfervM of
the Mountain (pofoyra, in a Wood behind Girgolio <Barro's Sugar*Mills
the myftery
whereof we leave to Philofophers to enquire into. Arciffeusky follow'd <$(ebel!ino,
;

who had

ambufcado'd himfelf about half a League from Mofuick from whence he

;
being alfo driven, his Men began more and more to defert him, whilefl Scbu^e
with a confiderable number of Men came to Arciffeusky Encamping themfelves
;

about Mufarope thty fent eighty Mufquetteers, Commanded by Lieutenant Metting,

to an adjacent Wood, where ^ebellino Quartering, Engag'd with Metting, tillSchuppe

'

coming

to his affiflance, he fled to Na^aretta.

After which the Countrey there-

abouts enjoy 'd the happinefs of Peace.

Arciffeusky flaying to fettle all things in

good order in <Parayba took up his Qu,ar- *b? caftk

about a Cannon-fhot from the River Afogados, and a $*$**fc
t

ters

near the Caftle %ea\,

League and a half from

the Hollanders Fort fo calPd

was not to lay

manner of Aid from coming to it, the
there were not above fixty fix hundred Cans
5

yet hisDefign

clofe Siege to the fame, but to prevent all

was inform'd, that

of Meal, and fixty five Head of Cattel
rather, becaufe he

feven hundred IBraJUians

and Platforms

to

in the Fort, for three

which purpofe he

hundred

built feveral

fortuguefe

and

Redoubts, Batteries

he had lay'n before it three Moneths it was furrendred upon

thefe following Articles, v^. " That the Befieged mould march out
with lighted

^Matches,

after

Bullets in their

Mouths, flying Colours, and with Bag and Baggage,

e e

and

a M E %I C

Chap. VII.

A.

The Church Ornaments they

Guns and other Ammunition were

either to Tercera or Madera.

and be Tranfported

but the
had alfo leave to carry away with them,
the Governor Jndres Marini march'd out with
to remain in the Fort. Hereupon
befides a hundred and fifty which he had out of the
five hundred choice Soldiers,
%eal, ranfom'd their Goods
Countrey ; and two hundred Families that dwelt about
Guns.
Fort the Hollanders found fifteen Brafs,and five Iron
for

5000

In the

I.

Mean

while Lichtbart

fet Sail

with

fix

Ships and five

little

Ketches, carrying five

Leagues along
with which Landing on Qarra Grande, he march'd two
high Hill, round about which he
the Shore to' the Church of St. Bento, built on a
Encamp'd himfelf, and fortifi'd the fame with Pallifado's.
to take the Oath of
Hither the Inhabitants of Porto Qaho came in great numbers

Companies

Allegiance to the WefiJndia

Lichtbart atfifted

Company.

by Captain

Caho, notwithftanding he had but three

down

Hill and

Way, up

he went along a troublefom

Hill,

and coming near

That the Duke <Bagnola poffefs'd a Church

newly
of Port-holes, with two hundred choice Men, befides a Company

Porto Caho,

there full

Company, march'd diredly to Porto

hundred and twenty feven Men, with which

Cornells Exel's

was inform'dby

a Portuguefe,

the RiAgMbio^ arriv'd there from Serinbain-, and that he had a ftrong Fortification near
Lkh
his Forces rank'd on a
tn?
ver neverthelefs Lichtbart marching towards him,difcover'd
fteep

Mountain, whither he running with

Portuguefes,

Men,forc'd

fiagnola to quit the

Church,

Ambufcade near the Highway, while* eighty BrafiHms^

Company of Neapolitans, thought to have fall'n upon the

as alfo thofe that lay in

fome

his

and a

Flag upon the Church, and Bagnola

feven Men, berouted, they foon Retreated, This Viftory coft the Hollanders but

Barques

ofthe

fides eighteen

Hollanders

wounded

but feeing the

States

for
;

which

the Portuguese loft

many more.

of the
Inhabitants oCamarigibi y Antonio, and about Porto Caho, accepting
Hollanders.
Articles proposed in Parayba, took the Oath of Allegiance to the
Command
In the interim after Jrciffeutky had taken the Fort <%eal> and given

The

thereof to Verdoes, he
to joyn with Scbuppe,
guftine

forthwith ten Companies and three hundred

fet

who

Brafelians,

Promontory St. Ah*

he fliould be furpris'd fled from thence

Befieg'd the Fort Na^aretta near the

but the Governor Albuquerque fearing

$i%erra
with three hundred Men, and left Peter Correa de Gamba, and Lewis Barbalho
Granado's, that
in hisftead. Bat Scbuppe approach'd fo near with his Trenches and
advantageous
Correa inform'd of Jrcijfemkfs coming, furrendred the Caftle upon
Articles.

into the
After this Succefs Scbuppe march'd along the Shore, and Arcijfensky up
Countrey, both with intention to fall upon the Enemy in Serinbain. Jrcijfemky

marching along

a troublefom

Way, came

Aibu^er^.

Companies,

and fomewhat farther he met

with a brave Francifcan Cloyfter, where he was inform'd, that the Governor
which prov'd too true for Scbuppe
aueraue had again furpris'd the Fort Porto Caho
League
haftening to his a fliitance through Serinbain Jina^nd <Barro? ittod at tuncojo, a

where the Councellor Scbotfe had

pom cat

to Miguel de Poyaca with fix

fortifi'd a

Church

M&

from

Porto Caho, for Jrciffemky,

who was coming

thither with feven

Companies

pleafant Vilover the deep and crooked Stream Serinbain and before Villa, Foamofa, a
their Forces
lage, in which flood an old jefuits Cloyfter and a little Church, both
Horfe ;
joyn'd together,making up feventeen Companies of Foot,and one Troop of

but they came too

from

late

for after a long

the Befieged, the Place

was furrendred

flout Aflault,

to Albuquerque,

and no

who

lefs

Refinance

caus'd Domingo

not inferior for Strength and Adivity to that Mih

Amongft other proofs of his
fo famous amongft the ancient Grecians

Calabar to be Quarter'dj a
Crotoniates,

and

Man

Strength

Chap. VII.
Strength

ing

it is

<tf

related, that he

M E\^I C

took a Stag running

Neck, pull'd the Tongue out of

its

him

full

Mouth.

its

A.

511

fpeed by the HornSjand'turn-

The

reafon

why

Jlbttquerqm

to be put to that death,

was becaufe he had once joyri'd with the HoU

landers, and done the fortugueje much hurt.
But Schuppe and Arciffemky marching
to Vorto Caho, to Engage with Albuquerque, who was eight hundred fortuguefe and
a
thoufand Brafelians ftrong, found the Place ruin'd, and about a hundred Hollanders
unbury'd, and Jlbuquerque march'd away, driving the Inhabitants about Torto
faho
before him, with three hundred Prifoners
The Hollanders following him, built a
caus'd

Fort at

<Praipuera, to

demanded

alio

Men,

Thefe

eel at %eciffa judged

much

'Blcios

Enemy

the

Command

Schuppe

are little Animals,

which creeping

in at the Pores,

caufe

Requeft was the fooner granted, becaufe the Counconvenient to pull down the Forts %eal and Na^aretta, beincr

Schuppe's
it

decay'd and unferviceable, and that thofe

them, mould Encamp

the

Caho.

Companies more to fupply the places of the fick and flam

who were fo miferably plagued by the Bicios, that they were not

an infufFerable pain.
already

<Porto

three

as alio thofe

able to go.

prevent the Tortuguefe from returning to

in the Fields.

who were

in Garrifon in

Schuppe had long before this time fall

n upon

but that he wanted Provifions, and little VeiTels, which

were required for that Expedition. But marching up into the Countrey, he left
in the Jfogados,

to Arciffeusky,

who much

forwarded the building of the Fort on

Varipuera.

The Year

1635. being almoft expir'd, one Morning about Day-break thirty two A great Fleet
of Spaniards
appears be*Sail were feen to Steer directly towards fycijfa
two
Ships
of
an
extraordinary
5
fore Bjiciffa,
bignefs were follow'd by nine Gallions, and thefe by the reft of the Fleet, con*

of Pinks, Carvels, and Barques all which approaching, were known to be

;
Spaniards, which ftruck no fmall amazement to the Inhabitants of %ecifa,
moft of
their Ships being Cruifing abroad before the Coaftof <Brafile, and their Men
a great
diftance offin the Field
onely five Ships fitted for an Engagement being at An;
chor, and five more deeply laden : Mean while the Spanijh Admiral approach'd
fitting

within a Cannon.fhot of the Fame Ketch, difcharg'd one Gun, and flood off to Sea
again, being inform'd that %eal and Na^aretta were taken by the Hollanders. On
the
other fide, all the Places in their pofleffion had notice of this Fleet, which Lichthart
follow'd with fix Ships and two Ketches, carrying two Companies of Soldiers,, befides

Seamen, and keeping juft within

Anchor before

Paripuera

fight

of them, faw them at

laft

(where a part of the Dutch Forces lay under the

come

to an

Command

of Arcijfemky,) and make preparation to Land their Men : Whereupon Lichthart

Landed alfo, with the Councellor Qarpentier, and joyning with Jrcijjemky, took up
a valiant Refolution,to Sail clofe up to the Spanijh Fleet with his eight Ships,whileft
Jrcijfeusky march'd in the Night with fix hundred Men to Jaragoa, to prevent
the

Enemy's Landing 5 but having

a <Portuguefe for his Guide,

wherefore returning, he fecur'd the

Way

was

led a

wrong Way

to faripuera, whileft the fortuguefe Inhabit

tants, contrary to their

Oath, refus'd to carry or bring Provifions to the Dutch

Forces, and joyning together corabin'd with the Spanijh Seamen, and kill'd'all the
Hollanders

which they could meet

king ufe of the

of the

lS(egro's

on the High-ways,or in their Houfes, mato carry the Spaniards what Intelligence they could give them

Hollanders Proceedings

of fuch Villains, to deftroy them

and

either

Wherefore they thought

it

the beft

way

to be rid

dwelt in the Countrey between Taripuera

forto Caho, and for the fpace often Leagues burnt all their Sugar-Canes in the
all that

Fields, their Mills

Door, That

all

and Houfes. Jrcijfemhy caus'd Edicts to be put upon every Church

the Inhabitants fhould remove from forto Caho where the Dutch
3

Army was

to

Encamp,

to keep

them from

the SpaniJI?

Oppredion*

That

AMERICA.

51 6

no man ever remembred the like, had

that the Spaniards marching over them and high Moun-

That Summer having been

dry'd up

all

the MoraiTes, fo

Chap. VII.

fo dry, that

aback Way into the Countrey. In the mean time John Walbeck made a
Fort with five Bulwarks on the Ifland Caracao, near the Haven Santa Cru^.
Houtebeen alfo ran with two Ketches, the Otter and Brack) to Anchor before Cur a*
tains, got

and from thence to the Haven St. Jago de Cuba, where the Watch made no Alarm,
becaufe hecarry'd Burgundy Colours, by which alfo feveral others, both Portuguefe

caoj

and

Spaniards

were deceived. Not long

b"*

Dunkirkers.

burnt one Barque with

Tortoifes,

which having refrefh'd at Jamaica, he

Engag'd with feveral Spanijli Men of War and took them, befides a great number
of Prizes, in one of which he found fuch abundance of Copper, Indigo, Money,
Canajler, Tobacco, and Piece*Goods, that the two Ketches were not able to load the
fame but at at lafl Steering for Holland, he was fet upon by feven Dmkirkers, Com-

funk another, and

Sen

after he

fet

a third a Drift

after

manc ec by
l

Colaeyt ,

and

after

long and flout

refiflance

was

taken.

Captain Abraham P^ofendael fetting Sail from the Texel, met with a Frigat carryChefls full of Pjals of Eight, being in

ing forty

fix

fign'd to

pay the Forces

to a confiderable

at Porto Pjco

fum of Money

number eighty

befides a quantity of Plate,

with

all

which he

fix

thoufand, de-

which amounted

arriv'd fafe in his defired

Port.
jTrciifeuskyfoxtifi'd

himfelf along the crooked River Paripueya,

full

of Crocodiles,

which hurt none, unlefs provok'd. This River runs five Leagues to the Northward oPunta de Jayagoa, where the Spanifh Forces Landed.
Southward from Jayagoa lie the Alagoas del Nort and Zul, diflinguifh'd by a high
Tract of Land ; where the Spanifl) General Leiois Pachas Borgia left his Guns and a

Command

thoufand Men, under the

as

many more

ders

had

of the

Duke

he went to Porto Cafoo to be there before the time which the Hollan*

in their Edicts fet the Inhabitants for their

Jrcijfemky

Redoubt

Bagnola, whileft with three times

had by

this

removal.

out of the middle whereof rofe a

like a Caflle,

Mouth of Paripueya a
woodden Tower, fill'd

time built on the North part of the

with Earth, and fecur'd by a Half=Moon

On

on one

fide

whereof he lay Encamp'd

two flrong
Forts. Arciffemky having not the leaft thought that Borgia would come over the
Mountains, and through inacceflible Woods and Moraffes, aback Way into Porto
Cafoo, receiv'd news on the thirteenth of January 1636. by a Renegade Negro, that
the Spanijh Army, confifling of three thoufand Men, were come to %odrigo de Barros his Sugar=Mills, about five Leagues from Paripuera, and was fuddenly expected
to fall upon Colonel Schuppe in Porto Cafoo
whereupon Arcijfemky immediately fet
forth with twelve hundred Men and two Field-pieces, burnt all the Hovffes, SugarMills and Canes he could meet with. Mean while Borgia (upon whole Approach
Schuppe had \tkPorto Cafoo) obferving by the Smoakin the Countrey, that Arcifieutky
with

fifteen

Companies.

the South fide of the River flood alfo

had put

went

to

his Edicts in

meet

Arcifieusky

may igibi and Poyto

and

his

drew up

my

Execution, leaving a confiderable Garrifon in Porto Qafoo,

Cafoo,

with the choicefl Men.

ArciJJemky being got

between Ca-

without having any notice of the Enemy's being fo near,

Forlorn being unawares Engag'd, and running back in great diforder,

his

Men

into a poflure of Defence about a Mufquet*fhot

but thedarknefs of the Night

made a

from the Ene-

great confufion in both Armies, being

was much inferior in

number to the Spani ar ds, but confideringit was impoflible to march back, in regard
the Enemy was as well behind them as before, and that thoufands otBrafilidns hy
watching for them in the Woods, in cafe they fliould be difpers'd, he faw there
as

it

were mingled pell-mell one with another.

ArciJIemky

ll-'

T7TT

A.

AMERICA.

Chip. VII.

About Day-break both Armies

the place where they ftood being
ftood an hour looking upon one another
furrounded with Woods and deep Valleys. Borgia drew out his Men on a Hill,
overgrown with Buflhes. jfircifieuiky htd drawn out his Men on Tome what a lower u^v*
was no way but

to ftand to the hazard

of Battel.

Ground.

llrT 11l!
who
down

J*L m
hr d with

,,

lomeofhis Muiquetteers

<Bor?ia at laft fent

the Hill,

01
iiri
-piece at
full Volley upon the Dutch, whileft Arcijsemky onely diicharg d a rield

r\

,.

*,.

byjMfftmkj
and himlelt

fj ain .

Under which Borgia ftood to take a view of the Hollanders Forces upon the
firing of which Gun 'Borgia began to come down the Hill with all his Army,againft
whom Arcifieusky drew out his firft and fecond Divifion, whileft Captain Vanden
'Brande led his Companies within two Pikes length from the Enemy, before he dif-

Tree

charg'd, which

Wing of

to

Army, and put his

whole Spanifl? Army, fome running

Borgia

low'd by the
Moraffes,but

Order they broke into the

Mufquetteers to flight, who were foon

was no fooner done, but contrary

s

into the

Woods,

mod of them along the narrow Way which leads

left

fol-

others into the

to Porto Qafoo.

Among

was Borgia nimfelf, who was Defcended from the greateft Families of the
Dukes of Lerma and Borgia he was about forty eight years of Age, and had ferv'd
the Holthe Spanifr King a confiderable time in the Netherlands* This Victory coft
Amongft the Spanijh Prilanders about forty Men, befides as many more wounded.
Examination
foners was a Neopolitan Gentleman, call'd HeElor de la Qalce, who upon
the Slain

thoufand
inform'd the Hollanders, That with the laft Spanijh Fleet there Landed two
Wheelfour hundred Men in Jlagoa, with twenty Brafs Field.pieccs, abundance of
barrows, Spades and Pick-axes, which coft in Portugal eight hundred thoufand CVk-

with which great warlike Preparations Borgia made no doubt to have got
Affiftance from the
faft footing in the Countrey, and to have cut off all manner of
That the Spanijh King raised a great many Men both in Spain, Italy, and
Hollanders

fado's

Germany, that with the

firft

opportunity he might

fit

out a Fleet, which was to be

conducted by four thoufand two hundred Seamen, to whom the Caftilians were to
add eight thoufand five hundred Soldiers and two hundred Seamen, and the Portugue/e the like number, to ferve afliore, and to drive all Strangers out of Braftle ;
That this Defign had long fince been put in Execution, had not the Albuquerquers
continually deceived the King of 6^w,under pretence that Braftle was in no danger;

That Albuquerque would be

fore'd to refign

up the

Intereft

which he had

in

Br afile t

King would give him a Dukedom in Portugal in exchange.

Schuppe and Arcifieusky judging it no way convenient to fall upon the Enemy in
Portoaho, Garrifon'd Pari^uera with four hundred Men, under the Command of

for

which

the

the Captains Day and Philip Andrews,

whom

they furnifli'd with Provifions for five

Order to defend the Countrey againft the Incurfions of the Enemy which done, they went aboard with eleven hundred Men, and took in two
Companies ofBrafilians AtBarra Grande with whom Landing behind the Ifle Alexio,

Moneths, and

left

they came to Serinhain before Day-light, and found

all

the Inhabitants fled into the

Woods, fearing they would take Revenge on them for murdering of their Sick
which they had left there. They were no fooner Encamp'd here, but they received
Information from John Talibon, that the Spanijh

doubt
fill

in Barra Grande,

long, they flighted

Ketches

which
:

Commanded by

therefore, as lying

Army

intended to Befiege the Re*

on an

ill

place,

and not able to

Admiral

Lichthart, they

retum'd, with Intentions to

take up their Quarters in Serinhain during the Winter Seafon, whileft the
lay in Cock.au,

on one

fide

re-

After which being furnifh'd with Provifions out of fome

the

At*

y defeated

Enemy

of Una and Serinhain, and kept private Correfpondence

with fome of the Portuguese that had taken the Oath of Allegiance to the Hollanders ; but Arcifieusky fell fo fiercely upon them, that they all fled to Porto Caho, and
took

558
took three

Monks

tA
Prifoners,

M E %I C

who had

Chap.

A.

been the chief Authors of

Vlt'i'

this private

Cor

refpondence.

Soon after twenty eight Ships arriving at <%eciffa brought frefh Supplies of Men
thither from the Mats and Zealand, with Ammunition and Provifions which was
much wanted alfo two Councellors,He?2n'c. Schild and T aulas Serooskerken.
This Fleet was fcarce got in, when in the Evening news was brought, that
eight hundred Spaniards were broke in through Voyuca, and had taken
John faez
y

fBaretto's

Sugar-Mill, and deftroy'd

they came at

but that the Hollanders defending the Church with great Valor, obtain'd Quarter upon the furrendrina of it.
This raging Army, led by Colonel %ebellmo and Madurera, march'd to Lauren*?

and

all

whither there reforted daily more

Maffiapi,

to a great

cil at %ecijfa

Dilemma,

Men

to them,

which put the Coun-

mould fend for Scbuppe

from Serinhain, the Enemy from Una and forto Cafoo would hem him in neither had
they fufficient Forces to withftand ^ebellmo
therefore it was judged convenient to
fend to Arcifteusky to joyn with Scbuppe s Army, that they might both unawares
fall
upon the Enemy. In the interim a hundred and twenty Tapuyans, fent by
Janduy
came to <%ectffa with information that Janduy was coming himfelf, with feveforefeeing, that if they

ral other

neighboring Kings,

Councels Order, march'd

to their Afliftance.

Scbuppe

according

to the

Night through the Sugar-Mills of %jo Formofo

refted the next day in the Valley Orekinda, and guarded all the Avenues
Whileft
he went about to Storm the Village Una, Manfoeld was to Engage with a hundred
in the

Spaniards

on one

fide

of

llettas

Sugar=Mills, and Arcifteusky was to

fall

upon

the

Village; whither marching early in the Morning, they faw onely a few of the
Inhabitants, the Enemy being gone with his Forces over to ManbucaVa, nor
could
they pais any farther, finding the River too deep to

wade through

But

had
have gone worfe with Stackbower and Litcbthart, who with Maulpas making
twelve hundred Men, were furpris'd by G{ebellmo, rufhing forth of an Ambufcade
:

it

like to

The Spaniards under

Rebellino

routed by
Stackhorver

and Lichtbart

near Lauren*?, where Maulpas receiving a

tertainment

at firft

much daunted the

Wound

dy'd of the fame. This rough

En-

but regaining their Courage, they

prefs'd upon the Spanijh Army in fuch a manner, that fybellino being
wounded in
his Shoulder, fled in great diforder through the Sugar-Fields to <Porto Caho,
and of
fifteen

hundred

Men

Hollanders

fav'd not

above four hundred, the reft being either kill'd or

the Countrey twelve taken Hollanders were alfo releafed
by
;

down
this means. The <Portuguefe
fcatter'd

up and

Defign on Taripuera alfo fucceeded not much better.

receiving Letters of Advice from the Councellor Serooskerken,
that

Arcifteusky

Qamaron lay Encarnp'd with fifteen hundred

Men

about the Fortrefs QapaVaribi

Goyana, and that the Befieged could not hold out above four days lonaer,
and that
the Enemy had alfo taken two Barques full of Provifions and Ammunition,
fent
thither to relieve the Befieged,

march'd with

through uncouth and intricate Ways, which were rendred unpayable by the great Rains that
had lately
Camaron
and
came
,J^fell'n>
about an nour after Sun-fet to CapaVmbi from whence Camaronbzto
exceflive toyl

fl

AwjFwiu.

Hi

g fled two hours before, had left Ammunition in three Carriages, fecur'd from
fmall Shot by thick Planks, which were drawn clofe under the Walls alfo
in

oundian Flag,

two

a <Bur-

and two Barques which he had taken with Provifions. The Enemy fled to Tapiferica, and from thence to Terra IV{pV4.
Whileft Arcif*
femky view'd the Works, and his Men flood in good order, great numbers of!Brafilians

Sally'd out of the

themfelves up in
ple.

Field*pieces,

As foon

Redoubt, took the Provifions which Camaron had left, fpread

the Countrey, robb'd the Portuguefe Houfes, and kill'd the
Peo-

as Arcifiewky

in Goyana under the

had put

Command

all

things in

good order, he

left

the <Brafdians

of the Councellor By fens, and purfu'd the

f

fled

Enemy,

U M Eti^I C

Chap. VII.

Enemy, notwithstanding there

A.

559

Showers of Rain, refted a little in the deferted Village Tapifenca, formerly inhabited by three thoufand People, who
poffefs'd feveralfair Stru&ures, brave Walks, a large Jefuits Cloyfter, and a Church.
The fweet Water and pleafant Paftures invited the Hollanders to flay here a Night.
great

fell

The next Morning marching forward

to Terra Firma, they

faw a ftrong Fortificawithout People,and heard the Enemy's Sentinels fire where-

newly rais'd,but
upon Arciffemky appointing part of the Army to follow at a diftance, march'd before with the. reft, and being fiYd upon from an Ambufcade by Camarons Party, he
order'd Captain Talibon to prefs in upon the Ambufcade but becaufe ic was pertion

form'd

in great diforder, he fell in

Licbtkart' sfccond Divifion flood

himfelf on the right-hand of the

ftill
;

making the lead

The

which

fo affrighted

Enemy, whileft
the Enemy, that without

refiftance he fled into the

next day Captain Bobart's

them, and gave them a

total

Woods, leaving many dead behind him.

Party tracking the flying Enemy, fell in amongft

Rout.

fome time in Terra Firma to wait for Camaron, but he

not appearing, he laid wafle the Countrey thereabouts.
flain
^ebellino and Lewis de Sofa falling upon the Councellor Eyffens, Governor of
<P^ Eyffens
a great
rayba, routed him, and fet fire on the Sugar-Mills belonging to Emanuel <Pire^, which Fight with
forc'd them with their Swords in their Hands to break through Flame and Smoak
upon the Enemy, who kill'd nine of them upon the Spot (amongft whom Eyffens
and his Secretary) the reft being either taken or fled.
Arciffemky refolv'd to flay

in

Rjebelliue.

Immediately

after Jrciffeusky

Forces

Commanded by

Wood

Antonio,

being informed by two Prifoners, that the

and

Sofa, Dias,

%ebellino,

were

all

SpaniJJ?

joyn'd together in the

where Qamaron was alio expected, he march'd away prefently with

half his Army, and as foon as the Captains Metting and Tourlon, whom he com*
manded to follow him the next day, were come up to him, he fell upon the Enemy, who lay on a Hill, at whofe Foot was a deep Valley, through which he climb'd
to the top
which valorous Attempt fo amaz'd the Spaniards, that without firing a

Gun
renzp

they fled into the

;

and

Wood

After which Metting and Tourlon went back to Lau-

Jrciffeusky deftroy'd the %offa&^

of which the Farinha

is

made, that

fo

Rjtbellim put

to flight by
Arciffeutfy.

by

fcarcity of Provifions he

might prevent the Enemy from fo often joyning together

in Parties
In the mean time ten Ships from Holland arriv'd with frefli Forces, Ammunition, Provifions, and two taken Prizes, at %eciffa.
:

Houte-been being released

from

Imprifonment

his

in Dunkirk, fet Sail

from Hoi-

Several Pri-

taken by
with three Ships, and took ten Iron Guns out of one Ship, and feveral Pipes of zes
Houte-heeu
his ReWine out of another before Matanca after that a Tartan from Havana, two Frigats after
leafement.

land

with Meal, one

Wood

with two Guns, two Barques carrying Bananas, a rich

laden Pink, two Ships with Hides, and one with Sugar. Near the Ifland <Baru he
heard feveral great Guns frioot ofF,whereupon making thither, he found the Zealand
full

of

VrivateetMartman Engag'd with a Ketch carrying ten Brafs and fix Iron Guns,
which was run afliore ; whereupon Houte-been went to his afliftance with a well
Mann'd Boat ; which the Spaniards feeing, fet fire on their Ketch and fled but the
;

Flame having onely hurt the Stern, fifty Men were order'd to get her afloat, who
having begun to unlade the Tobacco, and to take out the Brafs Guns, the Gun-

Room took fire,

and blew up both

Men and Goods

fadly hurt, dy'd, the reft efcaping miraculoufly.

of which twenty four being

An

unlucky

Accident.

Not. long

after

Houte-been took

a Ship with Hides, fraighted the Alcmaer Pink with his Prizes for the Texel, ran
clofe by Carthagena, and kept aconfiderabletime in fight of the Plate=Fleet, of which

he carry'd one of the heavieft Sailers away with him

Bdng

thus enrich'd, he re*

turn'd home,,

Whileft

e lent by

Brajile, the

Company

WefiJmiia

Land and Sea

fome Perfon of Quality

refolv'd to lend

VIL

Chap.

A.

Whileft BufinelTes were carry'd on after this manner both by

rave Mat*'

.nes

M E%I C

5<?o

in

thither as

in Erafik.
.

Prefident or fiipream Governor

and

after

no long Confultation who mould be

the Perfon, Grave Maurice of Najjar

was pitch'd upon as being not only eminent for

Noble Alliance by Marriage to Emperors and Kings, but alio for his excellent
3

his

Martial Affairs

skill in

whereof were known

the proofs

marching to the 'Pd/f^againft

Spinola, his

Men,

to all

as

his

being in the great Siege of Grol, Hertogen-

tBofckjMaeJlrkhtjVenio, tityynberkj and Schenkenfchans , at all

which he received great

Honor all which confider'd, they made him chief Governor ofBrafile, giving him
a Commiifion Sign'd by the States of the United Netherlands and Weft-India Company,
to Govern with abfolute Power, as well in Civil as Martial Affairs, to the beft ad;

vantage of that

At

State,

firft

they refolv'd to fend a Fleet of thirty

two Sail thitwelve, which they Mann'd with

ther, but they afterwards redue'd that

number

two thoufand

Grave Maurice

feven hundred

October 1636. onely

with four

Men.

whereof

Sail,

Men

carry'd but three hundred and fifty

to

fet Sail

on the twenty

Admiral Ship

the

about the

fifth

of

The Zutfen,

call'd

met with bluftering Weather, infomuch that the Fleet was fore'd to put in at Falmouth, and after
forty days (lay there, weigh'd Anchor, and Steer'd for Qape Ferd and refrefli'd ac
the Ifle of May, famous for Saltpans, and inhabited by a few Negro's, and ba:

Sortings

they

nidi'd Tortuguefes.

^^7?
**&.

nt ^ e twenty third

of January 1637. Grave Maurice arriving at ^eciffa, was by

every one rcceiv'd with great joy as alfo Jdriaen Vander 'Dii/fen and foon after MatJ

thias

van Ceulen, SerVaes Carpentier, and John Gyffeling, were chofen to be of his Privy
s

Council

whole

Inhabitants that

Work was exactly to know their Forces, which were either

were to guard Towns and Fortrefles, or Soldiers that march'd infirft

two thoufand fix hundred whereof were appointed to defend

Jfogados, the Promontory St. Auguftine, Tamarica, and farayha
the

to the Field,

the

Party,

which

another

letter

lay in the Field, confided of

Party of fix hundred

%eciffa y
greater!:

two thoufand nine hundred Men, and

which laffc flyingRegiment was to be continually employ 'd to make work for the Enemy.
They alfo took an Account of what
Provifion and Ammunition they had in ftore, and found that there was want of
both, efpecially of Match. Next he enquir'd after the Enemy's Condition and
Power.

From

<Porto Calvo the" fortuguefe

which they

fpoil'd

and

pillag'd,

made

continual Sallies out into the Countrey,

infomuch that the

in Sermhain

was

alfo

much too weak

rather, becaule the Vortuguefe

"g

"ir he
t

tugucfes.

Hollanders.

The Garrifon

to withftand the Incuriions of the

came along

private,

and to the

Enemy, the

Hollanders

unknown

Ways. All which Grave Maurice confidering, caus'd aFafbday to be proclaim'd, on

which they defiYd Gods afliftance in the earring on of their Defigns. After which
ke

ro^h'd w

t j1 t

^e

^ rm y

to Serinhain,

Grande, and thenceto meet with Bagnola,

i

being opprefs'd by

<Brafdians

them, deferred their Villages, and came for refuge to the

from thence

who

though he was four thoufand

ftrong, befides Negro's and Brafdians, had ftopt

and

fortifi'd others.

Station.

At

On

the foot of the

River Una to Barra

crofs the

up

all

the

Ways with

fell'd

Men

Trees,

Mountain, a League from <Porto Calvo, Bagnola kept his

Mountain flow'd a Brook, whofe Shore was overgrown

with Rice and young Trees, before which lay a high Bank

oppofite to which

Grave ,'Maurice Encamp'd himfelf towards the Evening, with intentions to fall upon
him the next Morning, notwithftanding his Army confided not of above fifteen

hundred Men, of which there were fix hundred 'Braftlians. Grave Maurice's Guard
marching before were follow'd by Scbuppe and Arciffemhy, and they by Lichtbart,
whofe

Chap. Vllo
whofe Men were

a M E%^IC

'

A.

l6l

Seamen all of them firing their Guns a-maz'd the Enemy

whileft two Companies ofBrafiliansflnd three of Hollanders crept through the over*
grown part on the right-hand of the Mountain, and as many more on the left fell
but Maurice's Guard Engaging with a thoufand fortuguefes,
unawares upon him
ran through the Water up againft the Works with fuch. undaunted Courage, that
all

Bagnola Retreated, leaving four

number of Prifoners

a great

Men

hundred

(lain,

befides three Brafs

thofe which efcap'd fled to

^Porto

Caho

Guns, and
But Bagnola

fearing to be Befieged there, left foVacon, which Caftle, built on one fide of Torto

Qaho,

lies

twenty

Mountains and

five

Leagues from

%eciffa,

on

a Plain, partly furrounded

with

The River <Porto Caho runs fo crooked, that it almoft

and Town. The Countrey hereabouts is full of Pools. Two

Paftures.

furrounds the Caftle

Forts, each built

on a Hill near foVacon,

had caus'd to be undermined and

but they taking fire, were blown up before the
found them fmoaking, and lying like a heap of Rub'Bagnola

up with Gunpowder
Hollanders came thither, who
Maurice marching forward, Befieg'd foVacon
bifli.
and Encamping himfelf be- fwt 5
;
low the Hill where one of the Forts had flood, he rais'd a Redoubt, and with a Si!j
Trench approach'd the Moat. Whileft Schuppe lay along the Town from the
Church, Lichthart made a Battery to the North, and fomewhat farther Arciffemky
another then firing from four Batteries on FoVacon, the Befieged anfwer'd them
again from their Walls, and on the thirteenth day the Governor Michael Giherton
furrendred the Caftle upon honorable Articles
for thofe in Garrifon being Italians, Portugueses, and Cafiilians, to the number of five hundred, befides the Wounded
fill'd

and Sick, were to be Tranfported to Tercera. Maurice entring the Caflle, took two
and twenty Brafs, and five Iron Guns, four Mortar*pieces, a great many Bullets,
Matches, Gun-powder, and other Ammunition, this being the King of Sfains Ma=
gazine.

Near

Moribeca,

the flying

and before

St* Lauren^o, the

Regiment, led by Stachhower

5

Honor

Enemy

receiv'd a fhrew'd Repulfe

by

but Lieutenant Helmich obtained fpecial

herein.

Grave Maurice after thefe Exploits took Shipping in Barra Grande, at a great Inlet

near Torto Qaho and Landed again at the Promontory Sergoa, from whence he purfu'd the Enemy to the River Francifco the Inhabitants about which defir'd, and ob5
}

Conduct. Bagnola lay on the other fide of the River Francifco, in the
Town Openeda ; wherefore Schuppe, who was fent to the Jfogados to be near the Ene*
my, was afterwards commanded to go to Openeda to fecure Grave Maurice's Paffage
tained

free

but he coming thither after him, Maurice aofs'd to the Shore on which
Openeda lay with Boats, and got great Booty
and the more, becaufe the Natives

over thither

had not fecur'd any thing,

dure

at leaft a Siege

<Bagnola alluring

them

that the Caflle fovacon could en*

of four Moneths.

Openeda belonged properly to the

Lord Melchior-Jibes. Near the Town rofea flonie

Rock out of the deep River Francifco, eighty Foot high j from which Rock there
jutted out like Redoubts five Points,and it was call'd Maurice Qajlle. Along the Shore
of the fore-mention'd Stream lay feveral very pleafant

Ifles.

'Bagnola efcapina pri*

from hence, was follow'd by his Men kneeling on floating pieces of Tim*
which with Sticks they Row'd over to the Northern Shore, notwithstanding

vately
ber,

the Stream glides fo fwift, and

over the fame

his

Camp feven

at the

Mouth

is

fo broad, that a fix.pound Bullet

thereof Maurice built another Caftle.

hundred Tapuyans

(a great falvage

cannot be (hot

League from

and ftrong People, whofe Lan*

guage the fortuguefe, Brafeliam, and Tapuyans that belonged to Jandui, could not un
derfland) had Ambufcado'd themfelves,and with figns and motions of their Bodies

they

a M E %.i c

they gave the Hollanders to underftand, that they

ofTer'd to crofs the Rivers.

Chap. VII.

A.

would

kill the Tortuguefe if

they

Maurice advifing Prime Frederick Henrick of his Tranfa&ions, defir'd that he

would fend over Planters thither, whether they were banifli'd Germans or Vaga-

bonds, out of their Houfes of Correction ; for without them the fruitful Countrey
ofSrafile would render but a flender Account to the WeftMia Company, nor be
able to prevent the Invafions.of the Spaniards.

Tract of Land was not inferior to any Countrey in the

whole World, Cattel grazing up and down in Herds of five,, fix, and feven thoufand. Moreover, Maurice advis'd them about the fcarcity of Provifions, without
which they were notable to maintain War. He alfo fetled the Traders in a good

The

Grave
rite

Man*

begins

Government with
the making
ofgood Laws
his

fruitfulnefs

of

this

People which bore no Offices, into four Companies,

under Captains, Enfigns, and Lieutenants. The Cuftoms and Tributes were
Farm'd, Marriages were order'd to be perform'd by the Netherland, Priefts, the Jews
Order, dividing allthofe

free

had leave not to Watch on their Sabbath, all manner of Debofheries were ftrictly
forbid from being a&ed on the Lords-Day, and Punifhments ordain'd for Drunkfeveral Schools were alfo erefted for Youth, and for
ards and other Debofhees
;

the inftru&ion of the Brafilians in the Chriftian Religion

ted to

any that would, to build

fes that

were

in the ruin'd

aifSklaflly,

it

was permit-

City Olinda, or elfe to repair thofe

Hou-

fall'n to ruine.

Some of the

fortuguefes fill'd Maurice his

Ears with a Report of the Silver-Mines

&lCoubaou y Copaou y Terra Nov a, and about Cape St. Auguftme ; but he not regarding
them, plac'd Sheriffs over the Villages, and Overfeers over the Alms-houfes and

out Orders alfo for the delivering of the Provifions, which be*
ina very fcarce, every Man had a certain Allowance, that fo it might lafr the longer ;
but when in this Diftribution the meaner fort began to be fcanted, the Peoples
Complaints were fuch, that an Infurreftion was like to enfue, if not carefully and

Hofpitals,

ififuing

fpeedily prevented
"uefes

whereupon

the decay 'd and deferted Sugar^Mills of the Tortu-

were put to Sale, and fold fomefor three, others

for fix

and

Ccvcn.

thoufand

Pound,

Pound, infomuch that the

Soon

ME \,I C

Chap. VII.

Weft-India

Company

after they fortifi'd their Caftles

The

thofe that were judg'd ufelcfs.

Villages and

till

their

A.

5<$3

200000

got above

l.

for

them

all.

down

and other ftrong Holds, and broke

obtained liberty alfo to inhabit their

'Brafiliam

Land, that they might make Provifion

for themfelves,

and
<,.:

not opprefs the Planters that

liv'd

near them.

The

Tortuguefe that had fubmit-

had free leave granted them

to rexercife the ^oman-Catbolick Religion, onely they were not to fend for any
Priefts from St. Salvador, which if they did, they fhould be dealt with as Plot*
ters of Murders and Treafons 5 they had liberty alfo to rebuild their Houfes
Moreover, they were promis'd that
in Olinda, paying Tribute with the Hollanders
they fhould live free from all Oppreflions of the Hollanders. There was alfo order
ted themfelves to the

Government of

the Hollanders,

The Income
fum of Money. And to

taken about payingthe tenth part of the Sugar and

Fifhing and Fowling, amounted to a confiderable

I deceit in Trade, Meafures and Weights were

\

alfo

Var'inha.

made according to

of

prevent

thofe of Jmfterdam,

For the Converting otfagansjjews, and ^otnan Catholicks, able Teachers werefent
into the Countrey to promulgate the Gofpel.
About this time the-re went a Report, as if the JfteftJndia Company were in*
but Maurice advi*
clin'd to remove their Seat from %eciffa to the Illand Tamarka
5

them

ling

that

it

would not be

fo convenient for

them, they changM their Refi>

lution.

Whileft Lichihart Cruis'd a confiderable time before the Haven Todos

he Crain'd

his

Ship in the Bay of Camaniu took the

y

Town, which is

fifty

Men.

and

fav'd the Houfes,

and

Jejuits

About
by the

who

In the

On

this

IJleos ,with

word

the Advice of Nicholas banYperen,

Santtos,' #' "fc"

by Uchtbart.

hundred and
little

as alfo the four

time the invincible Caftle Mina, afterwards

upon

Promontory, he took but

which were built moil: of Stone,

Cloy Her, and reairn'd to %ecifja.

Hollanders,

fent

built

Town

los

Booty,

Churches

call'd St,Joris i

was taken

Commander

of Guinee,

to Grave Maurice, that the faid Caftle might eafily be conquered, if

any Forces could be fent him from %eciffa

Whereupon
F ff

"

Maurice immediately fent

John

BHH

tA

5^4-

ME

%I

with nine Ships, which

C A.

Chap. VII.

on the twenty fifth of June,

Anno i 637. who in the Road Commendo joining withTpem^foon after he was fet down
before it, and was preparing to Storm, had it furrendred to him upon Terms no

fent John Coin thither

fet Sail

advantageous to the Hollanders, than dishonorable to the Befieaed, yet not

without the lofs of many Men ; for in their March thither they were fiercely fet

lefs

upon by

the Negro's inhabiting the Village near the Caftle

in
;

Coicmcii*-

one l Latan amongft others was

longer Siege,

it

The

(lain.

which Conflict Co-

Fort might very well have endur'd a

being furrounded with double Moats, each twenty

five

Foot deep,

and high Bulwarks, which could not be undermin'd becaufe of the Rocky Ground
on which they were built and to make it yet more ftronger, Coin after he had taken

Fort on the Hill, from whence he had fiYd on the Caftle, in which he found
thirty Brafs DemisCulverins; and leaving Walraeyen Malburg as Governor he re-

it

rais'd a

turned to

(J^eciffa.

During thefe Proceedings of the Dutch in Guinee, the Duke of Bagnola ranfack'd
the Countrey about Seregippa del ^ey
Maurice not able to go himfelf, having had a
j

Feaver three Moneths, fent Sch uppe and Gyfeling with two thoufand three hundred

hundred

Soldiers, four

Brafilians,

and two hundred and

thart Steer'd to Todos los Sanllos, that fo

Coaft.

Bagnola flying to Terra Gracia

gippa, the Sugar-Mills,

and

all

ipeed to the Stream Frmcifco

to the Sea-

Town

Sere-

manner of Fruit-Trees, and march'd with incredible

where Encamping on the Southern Shore, he drove
that fo he

In tne interim tne Brafilians in Siara defir'd

I /oS!ir

Enemy down

AViia, Schuppe demolifh'd the

Head of Cattel before him,

three thoufand
h

he might draw the

Seamen, whileft Lich-

fifty

might ftarve the Enemy.

Aid againft the

fortuguefe, offering,

SSor That if the Hollanders could conquer the Fort there, they would Toon deftroy all
that the Charges of the Siege mighteafily be made good, the Coun.
^ e Tortuguefe
Fo ?
?

producing abundance of Amber*greece, Cryftal, Cotton, Pearls, Salt, and

other Merchandjfe. In confirmation of this their Refolution, the Brazilians left two
trey

eminent Perfons Children of

Siara in %eciffa

Whereupon

George Garftman being

was no fooner Landed, but he made his Arrival known to the Brafilian
Governor Algodoi who came to meet him with two hundred Men, bearing white
Flags in token of Peace
Thus aflifted, he fet upon Stara, which is a fquare Fort,
built at the foot of a Hill, hath within its Walls fix Houfes, two Redoubts full of
Port-holes, one on the North, and the other on the South, jutting halfway out
from the Wall as alfo two Gates, fecur'd with large Portcullifes without the Fort
fent thither,

appears the Governor's Houfe, about which were feveral Huts fatfortuguefes.
This Lordfhip, already fpoken of, is reckon'd amongft the Northern parts of
Brafde, and hath onely twelve Leagues in circumference.' The Haven before the
Caftle,

fome

which the River Hacu makes,

places rifes with high

grown with Wood

TheForttaken by Qarjt-

Mountains,

is

of

little

confequence

in others, efpecially

The Ground

on one

fide, it

is

in

over-

hath alfo feveral brave Paftures, efpecially along the River.

Garftman
approaching;
the Caftle Siara.' found

EJ
*
J.

little

refiftance,> fo that he

took

it

with Imall expence of Blood, moft of the Tortuguefe being taken Prifoners, a few
onely efcaping by flight.
After this Grave Maurice took great care of the Civil Affairs, building a Guild-

Hall

at his

Brafilian

own

Coft and Charge

Mines, to the Netherlands

manner of Minerals, dio-g'd out of the

great Penalties on thofe that ftole the Cu=

fent all

laid

Horn of Goods, and punifh'd with Death Murders, Robberies, and fuch

like

wholfom Laws relating both to the Civil and

and as foon as he was recovered from his tedious

Capital

Offences, befides feveral

Ecclefia-

Government
he march'd up into

Sicknefs,

ftical

the

Countrey to the Rivers Grande and Tarayba, to take care to

furnifh

Chap.

AMERICA.

VIL

Ammunition. Near the Caftle Ceulen he was

receiv'd by the Tapuyan Agents, and Prefented by them with Bowes, Arrows, and
brave Oftrich Feathers, us'd by them when they go to the Wars: in return for
furnifh the Fores with Provifion and

which they

receiv'd

Linnen

Knives, Shells, Bugles, Fiftihooks, and Nails.

Shirts,

and wider Moat to be digged about the decayed Caftle Qabo

the Works, and call'd it by the Name of his Sifter Margaret*; he alfo

Maurice caus'd a deeper

Velio, rais'd

the Fort Antonio, keeping onely a

pull'd

down

firing*

was likewife ftrengthned with

(parayba fortifi'd againft

Tower

Highway. %e*

and the Cloyftcr near the

Pallifado's,

an AiTault,and

to defend the

Elm Harkmans made Governor

Town

of the fame.

Whileft thefe things were tranfa&ed on the Land, Captain Schuppe at Sea Enga
ging alone between Todos los Sancios and Terre Garcie d' Avila with three Sfanrfh Ships,

drove one of them aground, and brought another away with him to %eciffa. The
Letters found in the taken Veflel made mention, that in the River of Lisbon lay ten

more before Coles, to which were to joyn thirty Pinks which

others, that it was onely a Plot of the
Fleet fbme Fujppos'd was coming for Brafie
King of Spain to get Money from his Subjects, according to the Cuftom of feveral
Galleys, and twenty

other Princes.

Hereupon

Maurice wrote to the JVesUndia

Fleet with all poflible fpeed,

which might

Company,

fall

upon

that they

would Rig out a

the fore*mentionMfydi/fc Fleer,

and fetch thofe Sugars which lay ready in 'Brafile to be Laden.

About the fame time a Party of the Portugueses crofljng the River Francifco, came
to the Stream Miguel^ whither <Picard marching, put them all to flight.

11

Grave Maurice having a Defign on St, Salvador, the fortuguefe Metropolis in, &rd~
y
i
r
n
Wtllekens, and not long alter loit by the
file, formerly taken by feter Bein and Jacob
i

Grave
rice

faint*heartednefs of William Schouten and Bans Kyf, though in all likelihood not
i~
r i
r
n
1 1
n
ftrong enough to undertake Co weighty a Defign, yet conhdering if he ihould ltay

m-

^ets ^ort ^

with a Fleet
taking of
St. Salvador.

would not permit him, therefore he went aboard, hoping that

fome Aid from the Netherlands his Army confided of three thou*

longer, the Seafon

he mould receive

and a thoufand Brafdians.

fand four hundred Netherlander s y

of Victory, becaufe he receiv'd information from

He had the greater hopes

St. Salvador, that the Soldiers in

Garrifon there mutiny'd for want of Pay, and that the Governor and Duke ofSagBut before he let
nola were at difference concerning the management of the War.
Sail he

had fecur'd

furnifh'd with
guft

Anno

all

Places againft any Invafion, and got ready twenty

Ammunition and

1638. he

two

Sail,

Provifion, with which on the eighteenth of Ati

weigh 'd Anchor, and met with

andarriv'd on the fixth day following before the

fix

Ships at Sea, which he took,

Mouth of the

ill

Inlet Todos losSantlos,

by reafon of contrary Winds, but Cruis'd up and down

before the River Vermelho and the Ifle Tapoam ; whereupon the Governor of St. Salvador and Bagnoladiew the ffortuguefe Forces down thither to prevent his Landing

which he could not

enter

About Noon the Wind coming about

fair for the Hollanders,

brought Maurice

within Shot of the Ships, Forts, Walls and Batteries of the City St. Salvador, Co
that he thundred with his Cannon againft them, and Landed on a Promontory
near the Sconce Bartholomew without the

leaft refiftance, in a

convenient place about

where Encamping himfelf, he was inform'd by

the Prifoners which he had taken, that about half a League farther was a narrow
Bank, border'd with Morafles, fo that none could pafs along the fame but at Low*
Tourlon being fent before with three
water, and then onely at a certain time,

a League and a half from the City

hundred Mufquetteers to difcover the Place, found

foners had informed, but alfo fortifi'd by the Enemy
out his

Men, ordering Captain John

the

againft

Vander Mafi in the

F ff

Way

not onely as the Pri-

whom

mean time

Maurice

drew

to run with ten

Sail

sA

166
Sail dire&ly

upon

ving beaten the

M EK1

the City, and to

drop

Chap.

A.

Anchors

his

Enemy from his Works,

juft

without {hot of

he broke through

all

the Paths,

Ha-

it.

Hedges

near the Out-works of the

and Banks, till at laft he came and Intrenched himfelf
Aflauits from the Seaside. Colonel
City, by which his Army was fecur'd from any
built on the Shore, and fortifi'd
irand alfo with little trouble took the Fort WtUtfo,
Vhilippo, foon beca.me
with five Guns. The next day Maurice Storming the Caftle
thirteen Brafs Demi*
Mailer of it, notwithstanding it was well Garrifon'd, and had

The taking of this Caftle afforded the Befiegers a free PafTage to their
They alfo rais'd two Batteries, from one of which they ftioc night and day

Culverins.
Fleet.

Field-pieces,
with feven great Guns, and from the other with the like number of
on the Caftle %ofario, which the Portuguese forfook but going about to take a
Attempt,
the top of the (jrmelites Cloyfter, he loft many Men in the

Horn-work on

[fkS

BoVm, Echbrecht, $oit>ard, Bollinger, and the Enand in the end, after many bold and refolute Attaques, what with
gineer Benbern
well fortifi'dnefs
the ftrength of the Place, both for number of Defendants, and

"?

thereof,

and amongft the

Grave

Mau-

reft

the Captains

and what with the want of his expeded Supplies, and laftly the ficklinefs
of his Army, by reafon of the extraordinary Rains that fell, to the lofs of many
flain by the Enemy,
Officers of note as well as common Soldiers, befides what were

made as honorable

he

altogea Retreat as he could, fo that this Expedition prov'd

ther unfuccefsful.

of Holland and Zealand differed about allowing

of a free Trade to Brafile, and fending of Colonies thither: Whereupon Grave
Reafons, that a
Maurice writing to them his Opinion, demonftrated with good
advantage
free Trade, and frefh Colonies, would be much to the Companies

Mean

while the Provincial

States

which was approv'dof by the

pany,

who

States

Com-

of the United Netherlands and Weft-India

onely engrofs'd the Trade o7$egros and $rafik

Wood

and on the Im-

ported and Exported Goods they put a certain Cuftom.

The Weft-India Company confidering what Treafure Peter Bein had brought
to Holland, they refolv'd to venture another Expedition thither ; and
who
to that purpofe fet out fourteen Sail under the Command of Cornells Boute-been,

from Matanca

weighed Anchor out of the Texel on the fourteenth of Auguft Anno 1638. and ar*
Confulting with
riv'd fafe at G(eaffa where Boute-been having fpent fome days in
5

Grave Maurice,

went aboard again, and

between the Boat and the

;

Leg

which fome fuperftitious Perfons look'd

Wound was not fo great as to keep him back
for difcovering the Spanift? Fleet from
his way
:

which confided of eight great

Gallions, and fix letter Ships, whofe Lading was valu'd at two hundred Tun of
Gold, and Commanded by 'Corel Diehard, he clapt the Admiral aboard, threw in
r
his Grapling-Irons, and made him felf faft, with a Refolution either to take him

Terra Ftrma near Cuba, before the

Engngesthe

entring into the Ship, bruis'd his

fides thereof,

upon as very ominous but this

from whatfoever Service came in

SDauifh Fleet

at his

Rocky

Ifle

Organes,

die, wrhileft thiftutch Vice- Admiral

nijh

Abraham Mtchael^oon

<%pofendael

boarded the Spa-

Vice- Admiral, and the Rere- Admiral John V a nder Matt the Enemy's Rere-

and doubtlefs, had not the Vice-Admiral and Rere.Admiralbeen flain,

together with Ferdooft, Captain of the Orange-Tree, and other eminent Officers, and
thofe that furviv'd fail'd in their Duty to him for want of Courage, he had given
them a ficrnal Overthrow but whileft with much ado he had prevailed with his

Admiral

Captains to renew the

riifh

Vice and Rere^Admirals to quit

fet,

the Sea began to be rough, and the

few days

after

by the coming on of the

Spa

hold) and was preparing for a fecond

On*

Combat (having been

his

forc'd

Enemy was

gotten to the

Windward. Some

being informed, that the Sfanijh Fleet lay before the Flats of Cuba

and

*A

Chap. VII.

ME^

C A.

5 ^7

and the Rocky Organcs, Steer'd thither, revolving to venture once more,- but when
whereupon he fent fome of his Ships to
he came there, the Spaniards were gone
jBrafile, others toCruife before Cuba, whilefthe himfelf went for the Netherlands.
;

Whileft this Expedition

out fo unfortunately, Cameron, General of the Brafi*

Hans, fent three Agents to Grave Maurice, defiring to enter into League with the Weft'
India

Company, upon fome

Differences that were rifen between

much

Grave Maurice feeming

otBagnola.

very nobly
ron,

fell

who

not long

his Civility,

Man, had made Peace again with

aninconftant

was

the

inclined to his Offer, treated the

by

after, oblig'd

him and

Duke

Agents

informed him, that fame*

<Bag?iola,

But that which chiefly

want of Provifions, Ammunition and

Men, notwithstanding his continual Complaints to the Company.
About the beginning of the Year 1639. the Sparitjb Fleet, confiding of twenty

obftructed Grave Maurice's Defigns,

ciaht Sail, moft of

wardly

the

them Gallions, appear'd

in fight oi%eciffa, but Steer'd South*

Grave Maurice hereupon .fent out the befb Sailers to follow them, and fee

whither they were bound, or if they intended to Land, whileft himfelf march'd
along to (porto Calvo but inform'd that they were gone into the Inlet Todos los San*
-,

Bos, he return'd to <%eciffa, after he

at the

and that

Promontory

had

ftor'd the Forts Forto Calvo, Una, Serinhain,

St. Auguftine,

with

all Neceffaries.

from Holland with a Commiffion to be

General over the Forces there, imparted to fome Friends the Copy of a Letter that
he intended to fend to the Amfterdam Burgomafter Albert Coenraedf^pon Vander Burgh,

About

the

containing

fame time

many

Arciffeusky arriving

Accufations againft Grave Maurice and his Council

being informed, call'd a general Affembly,to

how

he declared

faithful a Servant

w hom he makes a large

T

he had been to the

States

Arc

^eW

q^m^
hls

c" u*"fi.

of which he

Speech, wherein

of the United Netherlands

for the fpace of twenty years, complained of the malice of Arciffeusky in wrongfully

afperfing him, both in theaforefaid Letter and otherwiie, anfwer'd particularly to

every thing which was laid to his Charge, fas he did afterwards in a Letter alfo

from himfelf to Vander Burgh) and laftly made it his peremptory Requeft,, that he
might return home, and leave Arciffeusky in Power, or that Arciffeusky might be fent
home, and he remain undifturb'd in his Government and fo withdrew, leaving
them to their own Confultations. It exceedingly perplex'd them, and took up a
long Debate what Judgment to give in this Matter, which before they concluded
but feeing
on, they proposed feveral Expedients of Reconciliation between them
it was all in vain, they unanimoufly judg'd it convenient, that Arciffeusky fhould \Jmu?X
return who not long after accordingly weighed Anchor from Tarayba for Holland.

in Holland, appear'd unexpectedly before the States

Arciffeusky arriving

of the

and Weftdndia Company, where feveral Judgments were pafs'd

fome faid he deferv'd fevere punifhment, for his misbehavior to Grave

United Netherlands

several jadg-

upon him

cerning him.

Maurice

others feem'd to have compaflion of

noble Exploits

moft

with a Commiffion

Power

as

laid

the

becaufe he had done fo

con-

many

blame on the Company, who rafhly fent him

Chief over the

but thefe Difcourfes

him

merits

fell

Militia,

not without impairing Grave Maurice's

amongft thole who were not

call'd to give their

,"

Opinion of

this Cafe.

John Coin was chofen Field=Marflialin Arciffeusky

(lead, whileft the Counceliors

Duffen, John Guifeling, and SerVaes Carpentier, were ready

Holland, and on the twenty ninth of Otlober 1630. they fet Sail from

Matthias Ceulen, Adrian Vander

to

come

for

him an exact Relation of the Condition of

Weftdndia Company, which being material, we fhall

Parayba, Vander Dufjen bringing with

Brafile,

fofar as concerns the

referve

it

It

for a

more

fit

place.

being fear'd that the Sfanifh Fleet in the Harbor of Todos

los

Sanclos

might

undertake

Fidd-Mar-

tud.

M E%^1 C

Chap. VII.

A.

undertake fome Defign or other againft the Hollanders, Grave Maurice kept a watch*
ful Eye upon them, repair'd all decay 'd Forts, rais'd new Forces, fent out fome
VelTels to
ted the

and prohibited the Tranfporting of Provifions, animaCommanders to fight againft the fortuguefe, and forc'd the Owners

watch the

<Brafilian

Fleet,

of Sugar-Mills to Plant ftore of Mandihoka, that fo his Provifions might

laft

the

longer,

the River Francifco,

a ffumfi

The

Spanifl?

wasfoon

Fleet

after

Men, who on

and therefore waited for a

pers,

pafs'd

oppos'd by Colonel Donker.

having lay'n a whole Year before

near three thoufand

fore"}!^!" loft*

Men, having

Party of the Enemy, confirming of about twelve hundred

St. Salvador

(becaufe they had

the Coaft of Africa dy'd of feveral Difterh.

on theninteenth of November
carrying fixteen thoufand Men, of which thirty

frefh Supply) fet Sail

Juno 1639. with eighty feven Sail,

feven were great Gallions. Ferdinand Mafcarenhas, Duke of Torre, being chief Adthe Tortuguefe
miral, carry'd the Flag and fixty Brafs Guns in the Ship Domingo
j

Admiral, %bderigo Lobo, carry'd

fifty

two Guns

in the

Gallion Bernardo
;

of

all

which, with the number of the Enemy's Forces, Grave Maurice was informed by a
and alfo that the Spaniards were in
Letter taken out of a Pink laden with Sugar
;

Company, with whom they

to Cruife two years before the

great hopes of the Fortuguefe deferting the V/eft>India

forc'd to joyn

were

that this great Fleet

was order'd

Coaft oftBrafik, and to Land divers Men under the

de Moro, Antonio ^oderigo, Nunno de Mello, Jacob Tirezjo,

Command
Francifco

o<Bagnola, Francifco

Te^am, and Lopes

l$ar*

all which made Maurice write continually for Aid, " Which the Weft.lndia
balio
(C
Company muft fend fpeedily, unlefs they were refolv'd to lofe what they had
CC
gotten in Braftle, as alfo the People, who had hitherto defended the fame with the
" lofs of their Lives and Fortunes.
5

Negro that ferv'd a Spanijb Captain, call'd Henrick Dias, being taken, inform/d

was much weakned by a poyfonous Air on the

Coaft of Africa- and that they had left a confiderable number of their Men in the
Hofpital at St. Salvador that the Admiral was refolv'd with divided Forces to
burn all Places he came at, and to receive the Negro's, Mamolucks, Mulatto's, and fcrathe Hollanders,

That

the Spanijh Fleet

ftlians,

under

his Jurifdi&ion.

But Grave Maurice gave

little credit

to this Relation,

becaufe the Spaniard doubted not in theleaft, but that he fliould take Brajile from the

why

Netberlanders with his fore-mention'd Forces,

hop'd to poffefs
Sail

under the

None knew whither

Command

Loos,

the Spanifl? Fleet intended to go

for fetting

of Antonio Oquendo, under pretence of falling upon the

Netherlands, they Steer' d their

SanBos to Goyana

then fliould he ruine what he

Courfe to

Brafile,

and

at laft

from the

Inlet Todos

los

but four days before they weigh'd Anchor, William Qornelxfzoon

who had fome

time been Cruifing before the faid

Inlet,

came back

x.o%eciffa

manner of NecefTaries.
The Weft-India Company had now been in a mean Condition, had there not
happily arriv'd firft eight, next two, and at laft nine Ships from the Texel, the Maes,
and Zealand, with Provifions, and a Supply of Men which ^Maurice had no fooner
taken out, and unladen the Ships, but he fitted them for an Engagement, and made
upthe number of forty one Sail, who yet were not to be compar'd to the Spaniards,
wftofe fmalleft Veffels carry'd more Men and Guns than the biggeft of the Hollanders, which in all had but two thoufand one hundred and ninety fix Men, and one
STwIrL Sni P witn another under twenty Iron Guns With this fmall Power the Admiral
with thirteen

Sail

of Ships, which wanted

all

fe eut^to

L^fonr

|r"fJ

went to meet the Enemy, and before the River Michael took
Ships, which carry'd Ammunition and Provifions for the Army,

William Qjrnelifzoon Loos

Spanifl)

which

Lopes (Barbalio

commanded

afliore.

On

the twelfth of January,

Anno 1640.
he

M E%^1

*A

Chap. VII.

C A.

not far from which Maf(paomorello ; and they were already

he deicry'd the Spanifr Fleet between Itamaraca and Goyana

carenbas

gotten into
three a

Men

thought to Land feven thoufand

little Veffels

Clock

when

at

-,

made towards them, and about

bloody Engagement for four hours, in

the Hollanders Fleet

Afternoon began a

in the

169

which Loos Engaging with the Spanijh Admiral and four Gallions, was kilTd in the
middle of the Fight, which ended in the Evening. Jacob Huigens carrying the Flag
the next day in fight of the Promontory 'Blanco, cheating up his Men, went to renew the Fight with Majcarenhas, and with a few fmall Ships Engag'd feveral great

Admiral law
flain.

Huigens
feth the
ftijh

cha<

Spa

Fleet.

ones, of which they had an advantage onely in their nimble turning and wind-

Engagement Huigens loft the Ship call'd The Smt^ which funk with
Colonel Mortimer and forty four Men, thirty four being fav'd in the Boat. The
Hollanders Lofs was the lefs, becaufe the Spanijh great Gallions fir'd over Huigens's
Ships, which fir'd in the midft of the Spaniards VefTels. Huigens not being tir'd
with two days Engagements, fell upon them a third time before Far ay ba, and firing
In this

ins

and Tortuguefe Admirals, purfu'd their Fleet to the Northermoft Coaft

and the S^an
otBrafile, whereby a ftrong Current they were driven Wefterly
Commanded by Jacob Alderick, lofing her Main-malt, Was cut off from the Fleet
at the Spanijh

by twelve Gallions

when

Alderick

and three hundred

Spaniards

were already Matters of the Deck,

breaking from the Enemy, drove towards the Shore, and either

kill'd

Alderic^s valiant

Exploit

them to leap overboard, whileft Anto*

nio Cunha de Andrada, not knowing that Alderick was aground, making up to him,
ran alfo aground, which occafion'd a new Fight, and at laft Andrada was made to
furrender his Gallion, and with it three thoufand Pound of coined and uncoin'd
Silver, beiides other rich Goods, and two hundred and thirty Men, who were all
the Spaniards that were in his Ship, or fore'd

fent Prifoners to %ecijfa.

Huigens ventured a fourth Engagement between ^Jo

f
Grande and Conyaou, where approaching the Spanijh Fleet, a fudden Calm prevented
January the feventeenth

him from coming within

Evening the Wind began to

rife, but the Night approaching, it was not judg'd worth while to Engage for fo few
hours, therefore they referr'd the bloody wprfetill the next day when about Day(hot of them,

till

againft the

break Huigens ran through the midft of the Enemy's Fleet, and

fir'd fo fiercely

on

Tacking about, ftood away right before the Wind, and not be*
beyond the Shelves Baxios de ^ochas, nor to get Water on the Coaft,

Mafcarenhas, that he

ing able to get

The Spanijh
Fleet again

put to flight

by Huigens.

becaufe the Hollanders Ketches guarded the fame, he Sailed into the OfTin towards
the Line with a South-Eaft

Grande to refrefh and

Wind.

reft himfelf,

After which Huigens lay eight days before ^Jo

and on the

firft

of February he arrived at

where Maurice caus'd a Thankfgiving Day to be kept

whileft the Enemy was exceedingly abafh'd.

for this

G(eciffa 9

wonderful Victory,

Several Difadvantages occurred towards the overthrow of the Spanijh Fleet

for

was much weakned by the Difeafe which rag'd in the fame on the Coaft of
Africa, infomuch that it lay ftill a whole year in Todos los Sancios to gather frefh Forfirft it

ces, whileft Maurice

put himfelf in a pofture of Defence

Secondly, they lay be-

calmed, and met with contrary Winds for feveral Moneths, whenas the Voyage be*

tween

St. Salvador

and Temambuco

is

commonly not above twelve daysjwhich

tedi-

ous Paftage occafion'd alfo a Diftemper and faintheartednefs amongft the Spaniards,
whileft divers Ships arrived at %ecijfa from the Netherlands, without which

been impoflible to have Engaged with the Enemy, in regard

of Ammunition and Provifions were wanting.

advantage or benefit of the Wind, and

hundred and twenty four Men,

befides

till

then

all

it

had

manner

Huigens alfo had continually the

Engagement but two Ships, a

Moreover, but twelve
twelve wounded
loft in the

Ships

AMERICA.

Chap. VII.

Fleet, the reft never coming

Ships onely of the Dutch Engag'd with this great Spamjl?
wherefore the two Commanders, John Coopman ^k, and Teter Jacob,
(hot

within

Cornells J ohnf%pon and Peter Dirkfypon had their

were condemned to be Beheaded
Cornells Lucifer, Dirk
Swords broke over their Heads by the common Hangman
and others came off by paying great Fines
Eoer and Jacob Clamor, were banifti'd
but the Spanijh Fleet loft in the four Engagements twenty Ships, and fome thoufands
of Men, the Jofeph alone having four hundred (lain in her. Laftly, anchoring near
the Ifland Margareta, the fortuguefe Admiral Qofmo de Couio, and the Captain.General
to Tercera, and from thence to
Francifco fimentello, falling out, the Spaniards Steer'd
;

where there Landed but few Men, moft of them dying of Hunger and Thirft
Four Gallions,with two Pinks,got into the Spanifl) Harbors,
their Return home

(ales,

in

the reft being either ftranded before

los

Nop

Spain, funk, or return' J to the Inlet T^dos

Sancios,

Before the foremention'd Fleet weigh'd Anchor from St. Salvador, two thoufand
the Command
Portugueses, befides Tapuyans and other Brazilians, march'd under

with divided Forces into the Countrey, partly to

get Proviilon, and partly to do what mifchief they could to the Hollanders, far
and near : their Orders were to joyn in the Village St. Laurence, feven Leagues beo Cameron,

yond

Vidal,

and

Barbalio,

might make way

faomarelloj that there they

for the

Seamen

to

Netherland Forces fhould chance to guard the Sea=Coaft thereabouts,

Land,

if the

and to joyn

with themasfoon as they were Landed. But Grave Maurice encourag'd by his late
Victory at Sea, immediately fent the Field=Marflial Coin againft Cameron, who
diviidng his Army into fmall Companies , had diftributed them through the
Cameron's
Forces and
Bar balio%
put to flight

by

Coin.

Woods;

in

Cameron's

Army, and overtook

Piot againft
Nether-

landers difcoTer'd.

his

was Governor) who fled, notwithftanding he Commanded

hundred Men.) Soon after which the Mufter-mafter Manfveld met him near the

(whereof Lo/j^

Barbalio

Engag'd him, and putting him to flight, found feveral Papers

of Concern that he had left behind, and amongft others a Letter, in which Barbalio
Was commanded to fpare neither Brazilians nor Netherlander s alive, but to kill all,
without regard either to their Age or Quality, except the fortuguefe. Moreover,

Village

the

Example, and with divided Forces purfu'd

Captain Tak and two hundred Men at 9oyuca ,

Coin follow'd his

fix

Portuguefes

which

St. Laurence,

JndriesVidal urg'd the

Owners of the Sugar-Mills

in the Netherlander s Brafrie,

im-

mediately to take up Arms, to regain their ancient Freedom, as foon as Mafcare?ihas

appeared with the Spanifi Fleet on the Coaft of Brafile Thus Vidal, by Letters and
:

private Conferences, prevaiFd fo

much,

that

moft of the Portuguese were ready

againft their Oaths to root out the Netherlander s

The

fign

when

they

mould be

ready, was the burning of fome Sugar-Mills, Vidal imagining thereby to have
drawn the Netherlanders from the Seaside, and fo made the Sea-Coaft free for the
Spaniards to

Land

But the Garrifon under

fecurely in.

near Alexis, not ignorant of the Enemy's Plot

fer'd

the Mills to burn.

(ptcard ztPaomarello,

The

like did Craey at the

Captain Day

Coin

along the Sea-fhorc

kept their Stations, and fuf-

Promontory of

St. Auguftme,

and Donker on Goyana Hoogflraet kept

fent out by Maurice againft Francifco Sofa

at Ca?itolaria,

Guard up in the Countrey Tour Ion alfo

zw&HennckDia*, who had pillag'd all the Countrey about the River Conajou, fell
upon them in fuch a manner, that he deftroy'd eighty feven of them, and wounded
a conliderable number more of them, made the reft flie to St. Salvador.
Two Moneths before the SpamJJ) Fleet fet Sail from Todos los Sancios, three thoufand Tapuyans came to^io Grande with their Wives and Children, from an unknown
Countrey remote from the Sea, Grave Maurice requefted their King John de Wy, that
he would pleafe to keep Watch along the Sea-Coaft, and prevent the Landing of
5

the

Chap. VII.

t/[

Seamen

the Spatitjb

Whereupon

M ET^l
I)e

Wy

fent his

folemn Protections, that he was ready to

landers, in

A.-

57 ,

Son to the Caftle

making

and Fortune for the Nether*

lofe his Life

helping them to drive the Portuguese out of

Ceulen,

Maurice alfo joyn'd

<Brafile.

and Colonel Garftman with fixty Netherlander, to the Tapuyans, that fo he might train them up in Martial Difciplime, whileft the Tapuyans
Wives and Children were plac'd on the Ifland Tamarica.

two

thoufatid

iBrafilians 5

the beginning of the Year 1640. Houte-been and Lkhthart brought a

About

confiderable Fleet from the Netherlands to an

Anchor

where a Confudo moft Service

every

at ^eciffa

was held, whither thefe Ships might be fent to

one had an Eye on St. Salvador, not long fince Storm'd in vain ^ but Maurice
judg'd that they had not Forces enough to undertake fo grand a Defigo,but thought
it would be better 10 Land fomefrefli Forces near St* Salvador, that there they might
burn the Sugar-Mills, and deftroy all things they could find, in revenge of what
the Enemy had done at Parayba. Whereupon Tourlon and Lkhthart fet Sail with
twenty Ships, Mann'd with two thoufand five hundred Men, to the Inlet Todos los
Santlos, where they burnt all the Portuguese Sugar*Mills, Houfes and Villages j neiTheCattel which
ther did their Swords fpare any alive but Women and Infants
tation

they found they carry 'd aboard of their Ships, and burnt

all

other Provifions.

upon Porto Franco, where they ruin'd all

things, to no other end, but that the Enemy might call home his Forces out of the
Netherlander s Brajile, to defend the Province Todos los Santlos. But Captain Brand c^i, Brand
going up too far into the Countrey with his Army, was fuddenly fet upon, had a n ^hundred of his Men (lain on the Spot, and was himfelf taken Prifoner, together
with many more. Alfo the Storming of the Town Spirito SanBo by Coin prov'd un*
y
Company,
and wanted little VeiTels to fsfuii
fuccefsful,' becaufe he led an undifciplin'd
r
/
Storms Spt~
Land in on a fudden for the Enemy having had timely notice, immediately rais'd "tosanfo^
a Sconce about the Town, and with five Brafs Guns fir'd ftoutly on him, who endeavored to climb up the Hill, but was fore'd to found a Retreat, his Men failing
in their Courage yet at laft breaking into the Town, he fet fome of the Houfes on
fire, which being built of Stone, refilled the Flame ; fo burning onely four hunIn the

mean time

Houte-been

and

Coin fell

J.

dred and

fifty

wounded.

Chefts of Sugar, he

Lkhthart in the

left

mean time made

In this Conjuncture the Wefl*lndia

Spoils committed
file

on

fire

Peter Vift,

fixty

Men

and brought back eighty

kill'd,

great havock about St. Salvador.

Company

much by Robberies and

fetting their Woods of *Bra*

fuffer'd

up and down the Countrey, by the

by a company of Negro's, the chief Ring-leader of

who from Caves and

almoft inaccefTible

whom

Ways came

was one

call'd

fe

forth in the Night,

on whatfoever places he came to, notwithstanding a hundred Negro's

of his crew were foon after caught, which he at feveral times had by force taken
which GraVeMaurke prevented as much as pofout of their Mailers Sugars-Mills
He alfo us'd the Portuguefe very
fible, by keeping Soldiers up and down in Arms.

and

fet fire

who though

civilly,

they promised Obedience, becaufe they liv'd under the Ju-

rifdiction of the Weft*India

Company,

yet were ready

on

all

occafions to fliew the

contrary; wherefore Grave Maurice fending for the chief of them to

Pernamhuco, Jtamaraca, and Parayba, told

they might eafily fee

Brajile

from

loft

might be

from

the Privy Council,

that

that formerly they depended

Crown

fhould take

on

Spa?iijl)

the

Mafcarenhas, but that being deftroy 'd by a fmall Force, that

therefore

if

affur'd they

or Perfons,

^ecijfa

vainly they expected that the Spanijh

the Netherlanders

Commanded by
was

how

them before

henceforward they would Trade on

mould not

their

Fleet

hope

own Accounts, they

furTer in the leaft, either in their

Sf f

Goods, Religion,

^^

on

Pettr

AMERICA.

57^
HeSar

Cake

The

d<

]>(eopoUtan

FielcLMarfhal Hetlor

la

Chap. VII.

Cake, fetting Sail

from

tal;e;i

the

Haven

Todos

hundred Men, was fore'd to run aground

in the Haven offarayba, where he and the chief Commanders were taken Prifoners
whilefl: the Common Soldiers by reafon of the fcarcity of Provisions, were
fet at

i'bner.

Santlos

los

with an old Ship carrying

fix

liberty.

Hute-been and Lkhtbart weighed Anchor with twenty four Ships, carrying
thoufand Soldiers and feven hundred Seamen to Havana, to Cruife for the

two

Plate-

Fleet, but the Spanifh Ships

pers'dand fcatter'dby

Not long

ill

keeping within their Harbors, and their

Weather, their Voyage prov'd in vain.

own

being

difi>

fome Ships under Lkbtbarts Command to

Cruife before the River Januarius, and others for the fame purpofe to Angola
but
he effected little, for he onely took two Ships, one whereof being laden with
Wine
was fold for 0400 1. Sterl.
The news of the Portuguefe Crowning the Duke of Bragancia, and calling off the
Caftilian Yoke, which very much chang d the face of Affairs in
Brafile, was about
after Grave Maurice fent

this

time brought over by the Jefuit Francifco fflbent ,znd the Under-Field-Marfhal<JW
Corera de Gama, who were by Bragancia fent to St. Salvador, not onely
to bring
the

tidings of the Portuguefes Revolt, but alfo to take the

Oath of Allegiance from

Montahan to the new King, which he made no fcruple of fo that from
thence;
forth all but the Caftilian and Neopolitan Soldiers, can: off their Obedience
to the
Crown of Spain. Whereupon Montahan defir'd Grave Maurice to allow a CefTation of
Arms, till fuch time as they might both receive information what Triftan Mendo^a
in the new King o( Portugal's Name, had Treated with the States of the
United Ne'*
and to make the Requeft feem the fairer, feveral Dutch Prifoners
were fet at liberty, and the Companies with which Paulo Jcunbas was marching
to
Pcrnambuco, were call'd back.
tberlands

about

Grave Maurice defiring

Grave

Mau

in his Letters to be releas'd

from

his

Employment

in

" That

Anfwer from the States,

it would be very difadvantaZL^t0 " g cous for tnc States for h im to come home, now he throughly underftood the InSSe yia " tre^gues of the Nn World, in which he might do much good, efpecially fince the
Gover Portuguefe being revolted,
would in all probability afTift them in deftroying the
"King of fife's Forces therefore it was now the moft proper time to prepare
" for Adion.
rice defir'd

by

Bsafile, received for

To

this

Requeft of the

was added that of the Weft-India Company, who

fame purpofe-, which made Maurice defer his Refome grand Undertaking
And firft he joyn'd the

States

alfo fent earneft Letters to the

turn, and prepare himfelf for

Province o Seregippe Del %ey to the Netherland Braftle, built a Fort and
Armory in
the fame, and built a Wall about the Town
which Work was the more followed,

becaufe Smgippe, which border'd upon the Province of Todos

los

Sanclos, fed

abun-

dance of Cattel, and gave great hopes of Silver=Mines.

Grave Maurice like wife obferving what great Profit proceeded from
the Angolan
Negro's, and that the Spanifh Sugar-Mills could not work without
them, undertook
to ingrofs that

Trade wholly into the

Weft.India

Companies hands

which purfit Place for a Factory, Houte-been was

fent thither with twenty Ships, Mann'd with nine hundred Seamen,
two thoufand LandSoldiers, and two hundred Brafilians
the Land-Men were Commanded by*Hinder*

pofe Loando

St. Paulo

to

being judg d a

who

arriving with the Fleet on the twenty fourth of

Juguflxb^o. before Loando
St. Paulo, ran in between the Enemy's
Caftles, St. Crux, (Bento, Sibylla,

Jon,

Vincent, Velho,

and againft

five Batteries

along the Water

fide,

all full

mently upon the Enemy, that being fon/d to leave

of Guns, and
his

fir'd fo* vehe-

Works, he made room

for

AMERICA

Chap. VII.
Land

for Hinder/on to

who immediately march'd

575

to the

Town, which

<Peter

Cefar

iome thoufands of N^egro's, who bJT/i?"

but Hmderfon falling upon them again, fo affrighted them,
flood the firft Onfet
that they fled which Menefes perceiving, loon follow'd, and left him Mafter of the
City, in which he found onely a few drunken Soldiers, decrepid old People, twenty

Menefes defended with nine hundred Tortuguefes, and

5

nine Brafs Guns, befides feveral Iron ones, and great plenty of Provifions arid

Mean while

munition.

Am*

Houte-been took thirty Ships hal'd near the Shore.

This City is built on a Hill, and hath feveral fair Buildings and Cloy fters,
amongft which the 'Jesuits and ajmchins are the beft. Along the Sea-more, at the
foot of the Mountain, (lands alio a long Row of Houfes, near which Hmderfon immediately cad up Bulwarks againft any Aflaulc, and likewife two Sconces, the big.,

whereof is on the utmoft Point o Loando, near the Fort Sibylla,

Twelve Companies being*left herein Garrifon, quite contrary to Menefes his ex*
pedtation, who thinking that the Netherlander* came onely for Booty, and not to
take or keep the City by force of Arms, made his Complaints therefore by Letters
to Houte-been, alledging, That there was Peace made between the King of Tortugal

Deration

geft

Mewjei
es m
vain Expoilulatcs.

and the United Netherlands, and that the former Acts of Hoftility w ere chahp'd to
ie
That he knew not of any
friendly Correfpondencies. But Houte-been anfwer'd,
T

" fuch Agreement between

Ci

how

Portugal and the Netherlands

and

if

known

he had

fhould he be fure whether Menefes held with the Caftiliam or Tortuguefes

knew of this Agreement, and was of the

ie

Menefes

11

ceive thofe as Enemies,

now

<c

were

"

their Blood.

too

late,

whom

mud

he

no hopes

Vortuguefe Party,

acknowledge

fince the Hollanders

Menefes therefore feeing

from thence

hearken to, but

to another Place

commanded him

as Friends

it,

If

did he re-

His Complaints
lofs

of

by Complaints or
that time he might fit himfelf

to regain Loando, either

which the

would not
Leagues from

Netherlander* in Garrifon

march away immediately

to

why

had obtained the Victory with the

Force, defir'd eight days Ceffation of Arms, that in

to go

fixteen

Loando*

Mean

while the Angolan Princes joyning with the Netherlander

tuguefe where-e're they

and

Moreover,

met them.

proffer'd half their N^egro's, if they

fell

upon thePor-

feveral Citizens returned to Loando,

might but have liberty to be Tranfported

was judg'd more convenient to keep

them, and by fair means alfo to invite the reft, becaufe it appear'd by the Angolan Accounts, that the profit of the 2v^gro-Trade amounted yearly to fixty fix Tuns

to St. Salvador with the other half t but

-

it

of Gold, the Charges of the Garrifon*, and

Great profit

out of the Ships being deducted jVadef^"

Spanifh King had yearly above fifteen thoufand Negro's from hence to

from it. The

employ in his American Mines.
Houte-been Sailing over from Loando

Men over

fitting

to the Ifie of St, Thomas ^

againft the Sugar Mills of St.Juna,

and ran with

Landed fome of

his Fleet to

his lhe

which the
(Portuguej'e did by firing their Guns, and were anfwer'd by Houte-been, one of whofe
Ships call'd the Enchuifen was blown up
thofe that Landed alfo met with fome re
fiftance from divers Negro's yet at laft they gain'd the Fort,in which they found fix
Guns P and foon after march'd into the Town ^aVaofa, where the Inhabitants had
left nothing but empty Houfes
the great Caftle they were forced to let alone, be5

twenty eight Foot high

would not reach to the top of the Walls, which were

But Houte-been coming afhore, raised a Battery behind the

ChurcH, from whence he fiYd with

fix

Demi-Cannons,- and threw

fixty

five

Granado's amongft the Befieged, twenty whereof burft with fuch violence, that

cr

of

an Anchor f^by"

near a fquare Caftle,with intention to ufe no Hoftility.,unlefs provok'd

caufe the Scaling-Ladders

Ifle

all

things

Hotl!e - been -

ME %

zA

574-

I C A.

Chap. VII.

them were beaten to pieces and thofe in Garrifon march'd out, notwithftandina they might eafily have endur'd a long Siege, having twenty Brafs,
and fixteen Iron Guns, befides all manner of Ammunition. .Houte>been thus be-

things about

come Mafter of

things on the Ifland of St. Thomas, fent for the fled Portuguefes

all

on reafonable Proffer embraced by many of the Inhabitants and Ne*

Great Morgrost But whileft Home-been put all things in good order here,theCountrey Difeafe
tality among
the Ds:icb on
began to rage amongft the Seamen, for thofe who but a little before climb'd up the
St.
into the City

thsIfUnd
Thoma>> by

reafon of the

unwholfbmnefs of the

Walls coura?ioufly,grew

faint,

and

antly againft their Enemies, were

fand Men,a hundred were fcarce

Place.

down

fell

in a

Swoon

now put into their

left in

Graves

who

thofe
5

fought vali-

in fhort,

of a thou-

health,the reft being departed,or lying Bed-

unwholfom Air without any difference infected both great and fmall for
the Commanders Majlmaker^alett, Dammert, Qlaudlus Teer,Tack and the chief in
this Expedition, Houte-been, were all taken off, and Interr'd in the chief Church of
Moft complain'd of intole<P ay oafa, after the finifliing of fo much bloody Work.
rid

the

rable Head-ache, even to Diftra&ion, others alfo of horrible Gripings

tWfe who were

The

time.

afflicted either

and

all

of thefe two ways, moft certainly dy'd in four days

occafion of this deadly Diftemper

was by

divers, according to their dif-

but doubclefs it was chiefly to

Judgments, imputed to feveral Accidents
be afcrib'd to the poyfonous Damps or Fogs, which often rife in this Ifland, ac
which times every one usM to keep clofe in their Huts or Houfes which the Ne-

ferent

therlander!
The fir ft Co-

being ignorant of, neglected.

The <Portuguefe

lony lent thither by

John

the third ,
King of Bortugal.

above

fifty

on

that dwelt

this Ifland

inform'd the Netherlander*, that fewliv'd

years there, yet notwithstanding the great Gain tempted

them

to tarry,

them having two or three hundred N[egro's that work'd in the Sugarthat John the Third, King of (Portugal, fent a Colony thither above two hunMills
dred years before, whom though the unwholfom Air deftroy'd, yet the Place was
feveral of

not

left

Angola,

the Air

defolate

and

for he fent

laftly

on the

that the faid

new

Inhabitants,

who

firft

might be the better ns'd to

Ifland St. Thomas, that fo they

King

Setled in Guinee, next in

fold all thofe Jews for Slaves that refus'd to

the %oman Religion, and caus'd their Children to be Baptized,

from

embrace

whom (coming

numbers) moft of the piefent Inhabitants were defcended.

Twice a year, ViZj in March and September, the Sun is in the Zenith here, being
right perpendicular, and by that means makes no Shadow at Noon but the Heat is
thither in great

fomewhat mollif?d in thefe two Monethsby the Rains which fall, and in the Summer by a Weft, or South Wind 5 for there never blow neither Eaft nor Northerly
Winds.
The Defcription of
Ifland.

the

The

white People that dwell here have

grow
They commonly Let Blood
firft

vro's

chill, next cold, and at

they

Name

difcover'd tKe fame.

of

St.

From

many

very hot, which

lafts

it rifes

a Hill,

onely two hours.

The

Day

2VV-

The

times to above a hundred years.

Thomas from the Saint on whole

the middle of

day

a Feaver every eighth

four times a year to prevent this Diftemper.

generally attain to a great Age,

Ifland bears the

laft

commonly

the Portuguefe

overgrown with Trees,

and covered on the top with Snow, which dropping down into certain Brooks, runs
through the Woods, and moiftensthe Cane-Fields. The Ground it
and Afli-colour'd in it breed blue Crabs like Moles, which hurt

felf is
all

tough,

manner of

Roots and
fhop's See

Plants.
;

it lies

The

City otPaVaoja

is

the Metropolis of the Ifland,

near a clear and pleafant Brook, and

is

flank'd

on one

Hills, fruitful in the production of Sugar-Canes, but partakes of the

and a Bifide

with

unwholfom

Air of the Ifland, which therefore can fcarce be defended by Netherlanders, becaufe
they being unaccuftom'd to the Climate, generally die

Wherefore Grave Maurice

advis'd

Ciiap. 'VII.

<tA

T^

I C J.

575

advis'd the States to people this Place with Malefactors,

to the Publick good, or die with

Towards the
and

eight great,

latter

lefs

who might

either live here

Difgraee than in a Prifon.

end of the Year 1641. Lichthart and Coin weigh'd Anchor with i^^yst.

fix letter

Ships, and Sail'd to the Ifiand of Maragnon

where

Coin kYty

cw:

Landing near the City St. Lodowick, march'd immediately to the Fort, wafVd
on both fides with one River, which there divides it felf into two Branches
the
Governor of it being too weak to hold out a Storming, fent two eminent Perfons
:

with Proffers that they would furrender on reafonable Articles: whereupon Coin granted them their Lives, and free pofle/fion of their Goods, and gave

to Coin ,

leave to the Soldiers to flay in the City St. LodoMcft ^provided they had no Arrns,till

Orders came from Grave Maurice and

the Fort found'
left fix

fifty five

hundred

Agent Mendo^a

Men

his

Council

at %eciffa.

great Guns, abundance of all

The

Hollanders entring

manner of Provifions, and

But the new. King of Portugal complain'd by

in Garrifon.

his

of the United Netherlands, concerning the Tranfa&ions

of the Weft-India Company, who had taken the Loando, and the Ifles St, Thomas and
Maragnan^ from him. But he was anfwer'd, That thofe Places were taken either
to the States

before the ten years Peace was concluded with the Portuguese, or before the
approved of it, or at leafl before it was publifli'd.

King

Grave Maurice finding that he could not prevail by fair means with the Portueuefe
in (Brafile, fought to do lomething by force of Arms, becaufe the welfare of the

Weft*

India

Company depended

folely

upon

the fortune of

War

the South Sea, whither the Ships might the eafier Sail

of Magellan or he Maire i becaufe in the

Straights

part Northern

Conveniences

Winds along

Summer

his

DefiVn lay towards

from
there

-Brafile

blow

through the
for the

moft

There were likewife many good

the Coafl of'America.

Southern Ocean, not onely to furprize the rich ManilhaTra.ders, but alfo to meet with the Peruvian PlateFleet
befides which, Enquiries
in the

might be made with

the

little

Charges,

if

any Place were

to Settle

on

for

Trade

in

unknown South Land.

This Year

641.

was not onely remarkable

the Spaniards, but alfo for a great Deluge,

Rains

by

eaten up

for the Tortuguefes revolting

which did much hurt

in Brafile

from a

for

great

De-

thevP

exceeding hard without ceafing, that the fwoln Rivers every where

fell fo

overflow'd their Banks and

this

fit

little

Dams

were either wafh'd away, or were

foon as the Water began to fall. Befides

the Plants

Worms, which bred

as

Plague, the Small-pox alfo rag'd amongfl the People, of which

many

dy'd,

and others lay lingring a great while. The Sugar-Mills likewife flood flill for
want of Negro's, which the Diflemper had for the mofi part deflroy'd, and the Su*
gar-Canes rotted in the Ground.

Man jwhile

GraVe Maurice receiv'd news of the Agreement between the King of A * Portugal and the States of the United Netherlands, according to which every
one was to **** the

1111

11

Stat " oiHol'

Keep what they had gotten by the War ~~
Trading was free ior all ; againfl all the **t andthe
Cafllesand Fortrefles in Jmerica, under theKingof
s Dominion, Hoflility was *"A
to be acted alike by both , the Countrey which lay between the utmoft Borders of
1

%m

the fortuguefe and Netherlander s, were to be divided, that each might

Limits

manner of Trade

all

Owner was

this ten years

jufl

was forbidden to both

each
of the Goods which he had on the Day when

to the Spanifb Jmerica

to remain in pofTeflion

know their
j

Peace was proclaimed.

Grave Maurice feeing he could not get the States Con fent to return home, Cent
his Secretary Tolncr to Holland, to inform the
Weft-India Company of the Condition
_

^J^Z

were wanting there Tclner accordingly ar* S^/m!

Holland, acquainted thera with the Extent of their Dominions in
Brafik,^*^

o<Braftle,

riving in

and to requefl fuch things

f^T

as

g g

which

'

AMERICA.
which reach'd from Maragnan to the River tydl

Chap. VII.

with the necei7ity of keeping the

Soldiery undisbanded, in regard the Portuguese were ready to take all advantages,

notwithstanding the Articles of Agreement

Men, and

with the difcontent of their

to the

mutiny upon the report that they were to be Dif-

Company was

Men
of Men

thoufand

Supply

at that prefent furnifh'd,

which amounted

in all to near five-

and with the impoflibility of keeping thofe Places, unlefs

and Provisions were fent.

Grave Maurice received a Letter from Mafcarenhas, wherein he

made

many Arguments

time of the Treaty, and us'd

then taken

but Maurice took

little

for the delivering

a fpeedy

great

plaint of the Netherlander s Actions on Loando, St. Thomas, and Maragnan,

ces

own

with the great Inconveniences of altering the Government of the WeftCompany 5 with the number of Soldiers wherewith every Place belonging

banded
India

their readinefs to

com-

during the

back of the Pla-

notice of the faid Letter, being bufie about

fetling all Affairs in this quiet Juncture

of time

He

new

freed all

Planters

from

the paying of Tenths for feven years, fold feveral Fields to be Cultivated,, repair'd
all

decay 'd Forts, kept the

Catholicks in

ftrictawe, ordain'd good Orders for Schools,

Aimsshoufes, and payment of Money, and gave particularly Liberty to the Tortuguefe both in Spiritual and Temporal Affairs.
The Fort
varitt

C/.L

taken

by the

Ma-

ragnans and
others.

In the

mean time

fad

news was brought,

vis^

That

the Maragnans, affifted

by

the Portuguefes and Brafilians, had taken the Fort of Caharia near the River Tapicuru,

deftroy'd

all

thofe that were in Garrifon, and Storm'd the City Lodowick

Where-

upon Hinder/on was difpatch'd thither immediately with three hundred Nftherlanders, and two hundred Brajilians from Siara
which the Enemy hearing, though

there were feven hundred Portugueses, and three thoufand Brafelians, left the Ifland

Maragnan, and went over to the

The

occafion of this Plot was imputed to the fault of the fottifh Governor of

St. Lodowick,

and

ment provok'd
Grave

Mau-

rice his

De-

fign

upon5f-

mbs Aires diverted by Pi'

rez his taking

oiPavaofa.

Main Continent.

his Secretary William Negenton,

who by

and Mifgovern-

their Folly

the Natives to Rebellion.

In the interim Grave Maurice had a Defign

thern parts of Brafde^nezx the River La Plata,

upon the City Buenos Aires in

where a Way leads by Land

the Souto Tern

and whither the Silver and Negro's were often brought, efpecially when any Ships
were fufpected to block up the Channel of Panama.
Whileft. Maurice

was preparing

Ships had Landed their

rence Pire^,

who had

Men on

news was brought

for this Expedition,

the Ifland St. Thomas^ under the

that

Command

two

of Lau-

driven the Nftherland Garrifon out of Pavaofa, and Befieg'd

many

want of Water ran to the Enemy ; and it was fear'd

that the fame Misfortune would fuddenly befall the City Loando and Seregippe del
<%ey
which prevented Henrick Borer's Expedition to Chili, and Licbtbart's to Buenos
Aires } and fo alarm'd Grave Maurice, that he thought it expedient to give fpeedy nothe Fort,out of which

for

warn

tice thereof, to

the

1S(ether landers

on

Angola, that they fliould

keep

ftric~t

Watches, and beware of the treacherous Portuguese, who affirmed, That it was
lawful for them during the ten years Peace, to retake thofe Places which had been
taken from them during the Treaty of Peace in the Hague.
Description

of the Palmares.

Thefe Proceedings
Negro's did

much

Alagoas, Maurice

fore'd Grave Maurice to

Difarm moll of them and becaufe the

mifchief from the Palmares, efpecially to the

gave order to deftroy their Habitations.

Villages, built along the River Gungohuhy under clofe

The

Woods,

Husbandmen

were two
Leagues North-

Palmares
fix

wardly from Parayba

The Inhabitants of them, being then about
number, were mofl: of them fled Negro's, who gathering together
:

ftroy 'd all the

Countrey thereabouts

They dwelt

in the

fix

thoufand in

Head, deHuts of Boughs and Straw

in
i

in a

interwoven.

'

,ap.

*A

VII.

METRIC

577

A.

and con.
were Gardens and Orchards of Palm-Trees,
which
behind
oven.
rW
Government of the <Portuguefe.
_
m'd to the Religion and
hundred
feven
and
Mameluks,
Mufquetteers, a hundred
Whileft three hundred
the
there arriv'd Ageni, at <*./, from
were fitting to go to the Palmares,
<
two hundred 2fe, a
as a Prefent to <* iter*.,
Company. Thefe d-^- .
befides many Negro's for the Weft-Ind.a
Pot,
and
Collar
den
treacheroufiy Plotted to drive
the Duke of Sonho, who
ents defir'd Aid againft
by
was difcover'd by fcatter d Letters, Sign d
King out of Congl% which Plot
before Loando was taken by^the Milan:
Governors and Biflrop at Loando, a little
be a Mediathe Agents, proffer d h.mfelf to
Mauri* courteoufiy Entertaining
's.
a long Velvet Coat Lac d with Gold
gavethem
and
Difference,
the
o decide
Golden Edging.
and Scarf, and a Beaver Hat with a
Coat
Silk
a
Lace,
Silver
d
that he
from Sonho, to befeech Grave JMaurue
Not long after there came Agents
was fol.
of whom went to the Hague and
one
Q>ngo
of
King
the
aflift
;
ould not
before the Prince
of Congo, who open'd their Letters
King
the
from
two
by
d
w
.

<~-

w**

Jka

t:Z, wVoUghc
:

'

Th7tlo

and black Men, very aaive and having

Agents from Congo were ftrong

gg

jhowingthe^aure Mm
Danc'd after a ftrange manner, and
im Countenances, they
which his Nobles and
aaed the Poftures
fitting in great State,
f Their King
they were
their Strength was fuch, that
Reverence
him
ftiew'd
Subj
h er
their
two hundred thirty five Pound weight :
with eafe to carry each of them

11

\
Jmamentals confifted of Elephants Tails.
fortuguefe
the
and
Wetland,
Cornells
nam'd
ULoando the Governor for the Vutch,
Agreement, That "ce 'he ten years
Ufar de Menefa, came to this
verno
Menefes fhould
the Tortuguefe and Netherlander,,
between
on
concluded
was
in the ancient Natives to
walh'd by the River Vengo, and call
offefs the Countrey
perform d : nay,M^ furall which was faithfully
ve and Trade as formerly ,
of a
required, towards the maintaining
with as much Meal as he
began
bought and the Hollanders and Portugueses
houfand Negro s, whom he had
other, when
friendly and familiar with each
more
and
more
day
n ow to be every
what was done lately on the Hands
remembring
onely
not
n
oil udd
gave him
up by other later Anions, which
.

t.

ZL

"m NM

^^
,
Loand^^

^Li

Marin andSt.T/^but alio ftirr'd

Mufquetteers in the Nigh, from

otcTonofiealoufie, fent two hundred
make an nfome others, who he fear d might
with
Menefes,
Governo
the
to ake
Day-break fell unawares upon the
about
accordingly
Soldier!
fu reaion. The
many other Pe .
of them, and carry'd Menefes and
:

Zlt^orlg M[es, kill'd

forty

va u d at above ten thouPrifoners, together with a Booty

away
ofoualify
fons
Veffel to St. Sal,
and fixty Portuguefu in an old leaky
fanl tc7s and fent /hundred
time, eight of
again at Sea for a confiderable
and
an
d
to
tols
tofs'd
/
beina
being
they
vador but
g
u
rmmhuco whe re Simon Jlvares dela ^J.
ternanwmo
on
Landed
h
d,
J(w
ftarv
them dv'd the reft almoft
complain d
thus hardly dealt with
Countrey-men
his
fee
to
amaz'd
Sel being
had broke th
the chief of Loando, that they
were
who
Oo/?,
and
*h,
li,
o N
uft that
urging that it would be very un,
Laws and the fworn Articles of Peace
they had
Satisfaaion for the Wrong which
have
not
mould
^epoor
anfwer i t
Goods. To which Grave Maur,ci
as aifo for the lofs of their
ad no,
Company, and that for his part he
the
Wefi-lndia
to
d
belong"
Tl It
accquamted therewith,
that if the States were
but
City,
that
with
do
"thing to
they would without doubt be highly concern'd at it.
Cond.uon of h
"
gave information of the fad
free
a
Nfe,
Santas,
cJr^er
that had been Wt
the greateft part of the ft***
That
,i*
Tbomas,
Ifiandi:

tL^

fmWd
ii.

*u

^
,.
_

*AME*KICA.

578

Chap. VI

upon that Ifland being dead, fm% hereupon with the King's Confent
fitted c
two Ships, and fettingSail from Lisbon about the beginning of July 1642.
firft
fus'd to pay the ufual Cuftom at the Ifland St. Thomas, afterwards
fell upon t
1

whom he

Hollanders,

Befieg d in the Cattle, and againtt the

Law of Arms

oovfon
r
y

'

Waters.

all the

To

prevent the future Inconveniences that were likely to arife

from a Famii
which about this time afflided the whole Countrey ofBrafile, Grave
Maurice judg
it convenient to fell the Lands in the Alagoas
to new Planters . to which
purpo
Bewick Moucheron was chofen Overfeer, to take care that all the
Fields about for
Caho, and along the River Frapcifco, as alfo in the Jlagoas,
fhould be Sow'n wit

Bread^Corn.

ZHSZ

Graye Maurice obtaining leave at

% at Governors of Seririhain,
vernors

in

Brajile.

Perfon of the Council

go home, took Leave by Letters of

tf

laft to

Porto Caho, Iguara^ua, Itamaraca, Tarawa,

^jo Grande

at %euffa,

and

who all

thank'd him for his prudent Governmen

manifetting their hearty forrow for his departure, Which
without doubt would prodm
many Inconveniences. But though the Council of the
Weft.India Company had order'
him to return home about the beginning of March
1643. ve
went not f
foon, becaufe he was to reduce the number of Militia to
eighteen Companies am

^e

alfo to the fettle Revenues,

ble
;

wherefore before

alluring

how

them

and difpofe of

his departure

impoffible

it

which be found much'trou

Offices, in

he wrote to the

was to defend

of the United Netherlands

which extended Tome hun

States

Brafile,

dreds of Leagues, with fofmall a number of Men,

fince the Portuguese cover'd
in
ward malice under a feigned Oiew of kindnefs, and at the
fame time watch'd al
opportunities to drive the Netherlander from their
Plantations,being very much ex
afperated by the priviledge of Religion granted to
the M,whileft their Monks
and
Jefuits were banifhU Moreover, in regard they
ow'd the Weft.India Company
above fifty nine Tuns of Gold, they fought to cancel
that Obligation, by
tnemielves Matters of whatfoever their Creditors
had in

makJ

no way but
He

leaves the

Government
borne.

<Brafile,

to keep

them under by

Co that there

was

force of Arms.

After Grave Maurice had fen t this Letter to Holland,

he
Brafile to the chief Council, the Militia toHennck
Hoes,

Government of
Captain of his Lifeguard
Having fetled all thines in

with Diredions for Governing after his departure.

good order, he went from Maurice-ftadt through
Paratibi

where Janduy fent him three of his Sons, with twenty

go away two of them with feveral Qarapates and
.

the

and Iguara K u to Parayba.

Tapuyans,

denW him not to

Waypebarans, fa Peopfe

themfelves Matters of the great Palmares) and five

other
him on the twentieth of May 1 644.

Brafiliarrs

The Fleet, confifting of thirteen Ships, and Mann'd

Men of all forts, was laden with fo many Merchandizes
Tuns of Gold

iix

left

who made

went aboard with

with fourteen hundred

as were valu'd at twenty

with which Grave Maurice arriving at the Texel,

Landed at the
Helder and gave an Account of his
Government in IBrafile, and of the then prefent
Irate of that part of it which belonged
to the WefiJndia Company.
management of AP

Ill

After Grave Maurice's departure, Hamel,

Bafi, and ftulkftraef, bore the chief Com-

SUft m d fM*' The

'

to.

of the Soldiers

Man

in

them

Charges made by the

Garnfon redue'd
whileft the King of

in

War were

to fixteen

hundred

mitigated, and the

.

number

fome Forts

lay without a
Portugal watch'd for fuch an opportunity
for
concern'd for that Countrey, as for his Kingdom

W
.

he feem d to be
gal,

as

much

and the rather, becaufe

of

his Predecelfor Sebaftian received

above forty hundred

thoufand Ducats yearly out of the fame,
befides the Prefents and other Gains
made
by the Portuguefe . wherefore he
gave order to the Governor of St. Salvador to

be

very

'

-D

G/tteribUeris

Jcmus

VGc mud?

bufisferzinjuj* j/itsu.

>vAiitr, So -zcm, opera-

-X

'

The Names of

the Ships both of the

A.

The Portuguefe Amiral.

!B.

Their Vice-Admiral.

C.

The reft of their

The

Utrecht^

Ships.

Fleet.

L. SaluLand Pink.
to

M. The
2\ 0.

Folden Veer Faigat.

The

Leyden Pink,

and Unicom

Frigat.

being the Dutch

g.

A Dogger

and three

JStytherland

Barques.

Admiral.

know

bers to BonaVides, defiring to

Fleet,

and without giving the

years

Whileft the

and Portuguefe

U. The Ter Veer.

I. The Zealand Vice-Admiral.
Kc The Over-Yfel.

D. Three of their Barques.

E. Three Carvels, which lay
watch in the Bay.
F. The Enemy's Battery.
G.

Dutch

of him what

leaft notice,

call'd

him

thither with lo great a

contrary to the concluded Peace of ten

two Commiflioners went with

the fore*mention'd Orders to the

Wind was conobferving, Hood away

Portuguefe Fleet, a Netherland VefTel endeavor'd, notwithstanding the

which BanaYides
but Lkhthart overtook a Ketch belonging

trary, to get out to Lichthart's afftftance;

Northerly before the Wind

to the Por-

tuguefe Fleet.

Mean

while the Portuguefe upon Land being two thoufand ftrong, under the

Command

otVidal, Die^y Camaron, and Jcoignes> Storm'd the Fort Serinhain,

where

make but little reiiftance, not having above forty

Men, and being unprovided of Ammunition and Provifion yet he refilled nine
days, and at laft got two Barques to convey him to P^cijfa*

the French Captain Montague could

Soon

after this the

Steer'd back for Lisbon with a

%eciffa

Fleet

where the Seamen

came

the

firft

amongft themfelves, BonaVidu

coming to an Anchor again near

Portuguefe Fleet falling out

few Ships, the

whom

reft

Lkhthart had taken inform'd him^ that their

time to^eciffa for no other end, but to

ftir

up the

Portuguefe

by

their

Sirinhain ta-

ken by V. Kit
and others.

a M E XI

5%z

Cha^. VII.

A.

up Arms, according to a private Contrad, having to that

belldes the Army led by Camapurpofe Landed twelve hundred Men at lamandera,

their Prefencc to take

and Di^from St. Sahador to Ternambuco.

Colonel Horn about this time being fent for back to fyciffa, and flaying with
coming, who was fent to fetch all the Vortu*
five hundred Men for Captain <Blaek's
was fet upon in the Night by
about
guefe Women within three Leagues
with two thoufand fortuguefes the (Brafilians, who were above half his Forces,
row

%#,

Vt&al

flying into the

iheFert s t .

Woods, leaving onely two hundred Netherlander s

Hoogenftraet,who had the chief

he had ftopt,

if

DiOoyalj for

this

fbrrenoicdby
Iloogen^raet

to ihePortugueje-

with

Vidal,

by whom being fo much over-power'd, they were fore'd to fubmit to his mercy,
and fuffer themfelvesto be all carry'd Prifoners to St. Sahador.
By this time at <%eciffa all things were in a confufion, the Pits, digg'd about
occafion'd Sicknefs.
Maurice-jiadt afforded nothing but brackifh Water, which
where without doubt
Vidal encouxag'd by his Vi&ory, march'd to St. Juguftine,

Augr.fiine

treacheroufly

to fight

Traitor thought

it

Command

of the Fort, had not been

not enough to furrender this invincible Fort to

of Provifions and Ammunition, which he did

Powder and Shot,
very fubtilly, fending earneftly thither for Souldiers, Bullets,
old Men, Women and Chilin lieu whereof he fent thither two Barques full of
the

Enemy, but

alio bereav'd %eciffa

dren, that fo he might deprive %ec\jfa of flout Men, and fupply their room with unthe fortuguefe were to give him
able People. For this treacherous and villanous
1800 /. and make him a Colonel : Moreover, all the Soldiers in Garrifon, con-

A&

of three hundred Men, receiv'd 3 /. a Man, and were fent to joyn with a
Regiment of fix hundred and fifty Men, over which Hoogenftraet was made, chief
lifting

Lichthart

Commander.
The day before

this

eminent Caftie was to be deliver'd up to the Enemy, Ad-

gains a noble

vSo^oS miral
fue/S.

Lichthart obtain'd a

brave Victory at Sea

for the Vortuguefe Fleet (confifting

being gone with Bonavides to Portugal) anchoring before

Tamandera, were valiantly fet upon by Lichthart, who Engag d with them on the
ninth of September 1645. with the Utrecht, being the Admiral Ship, the Zealand, Ter
Sail, the reft

of feventeen

Pinks Salt-Land and Leyden, a Dogger and three Barques. In the

Hole of the Haven Tamandera three fortuguefe Carvels kept Watch, and near a Battery full of Guns lay three Barques, and the other Ships a little farther nigh the
Shore. The Enemy at firft (hot very fiercely from the Battery, whileft the Ships
Veer, Over-Yfel, the

drove to the Shore, and the

Admiral Jeronymo

Serao de Tay^a

Men

leaping overboard

fwam

afliore,

onely the

refiftance, but at laft furrendred

made fome

up

his

Ship, thz Netherlander s in their Barques killing above feven hundred Portugueses in
the Water. Lichthart burnt the whole Fleet, except the Admiral and Vice. Admiral,

which he

carry'd to %eciffa.

Victory was not comparable to the Lofs which the EafiJndia Company
taking of the
fuftain'd by the felling of the Promontory of St. Juguftine, and the
Forts forto Caho and G{io Francifco to the laft whereof the Barques coming too late

But

this

to carry the Soldiers off, they were all

made

Prifoners by the fortuguefe, as alfo the

number of five hundred.

Vidal marching to Tamarica, Stwm'i Schuppen-fiadt, but found fuch refiftance from
George Garjlman (who fupply'd the Prifoner Bous his Place) that he loft three hun*

Planters, in all to the

wwput
to Death by

j rec

v| en

means of Femandes (Bouilloux, topurchafe

After which he endeavor'd by

nor of p*.
rayba

tne Fort Margareta for

500

1.

Sterl.

of the Governor of

without any farther Examination, caus'd

<Parayba,

'Bouittoux that proffer 'd

who
the

immediately

Money

to

be

put to death.

A Dutch

Sergeant in Olinda dealt very treacheroufly

for he

fold the Fort ro a

Tortu-

Chap. VII.
<Portuguefe

Enfign for ioo

the mercilefs

By

sJ

thefe

M E 3^
mod

and alio

/.

Z C A.

5&3

bafely betray 'd

all his

Soldiers Lives to

Enemy.

means %eciffa was round about

in

jeopardy,

as alfo

within

for the great *&e

it

did refd Condi ti-

Third of the Inhabitants under a fcorching Climate, augmented by the Hollanders onoVS#.
fait Meat, could notbecjuench'd with brackiffi Water, for frefh was not to be had
Famine alfo increas'd daily, infomuch that the Poor threatned to fall upon the
Rich, which made the Magistrates go Arrrfd from Houfe to Houfe, to enquire
what Store every one had, which being writ down was carry'd away and put into

the Store-houfeSjwhere each receiv'd alike (hare, without refpect of Perfons.

Fewel

which made many eat their Meat raw, or half drefs'd. In

the interim avery one that was able, was fore'd to work at the Forts of ^eciffa,
which were beaten down by the Rains and the Soldiers continually alarm'd by
the Enemy, were fore'd to be Night and Day up in Arms. The People dy'd more
and more daily, when two Fly-Boats arriv'd there with Provifions, and News,
alfo

grew very

fcarce,

that a Fleet

was coming

The Captains
upon

to their a/fiftance.

<%hynbag

and JMontagne went

Night, each with a

in the

Enemy, who being two thoufand

Company,

hundred drong, drove them

back, and purfu'd them wiihin fhot of the Jfogados, where forty Tortuguefes were
to fall

the

five

kill'd.

About the fame time

came to %eciffa.

a Terra

Neuf

with the dry'd

Sailor, laden

Fifli

fBocraillo,

In (parayba three hundred Netherlander s Sallying out of the Forts, fellfo valiantly

upon nine hundred

After which a Party of

derable

lofs.

were

Map in

at

Portugueses, that they fore'd

Andreas Die^ de

la

'Brazilians

them

to flye, not without a confi-

furpris'd eighty Portugueses , as they

Figuereda's Sugar-Mills,

where they fpar'd none

Daughter, whofe Beauty Co charmed them, that they comforted her

mourning for her Father's Death, and deliver'd her undefiTd to the Governor

but

of

Figuereda's

(parayba.

now

and then fome of his Prifoners efcap'd,

r
r
caus dfeveral of them to be cruelly murdered, tying fome of them Back to Back, and
Vidal raging for
1 r
1
r

madnefs becaufe

then cutting them in pieces

into the Rivers

The barba "

raus Cruelty
of v,dah

others he threw with Stones ty'd about their Necks

others he ty'd by their Privities, and

hung them upon Trees

and

alfo knocked out the Brains of others.

In %edffa the Soldiers, confiding of divers Nations, began likewife to mutiny

crying, They fiwuld be

againfl the
fioners

all

Enemy , than

flarVd

die of

and laying, They

Hunger

themfehes betray Brafile

;

in the City.

had better be Jlain

They

long enough

fighting

alfo complain'd, Jhe Commif-

and threatned by force

of the publick Stores, faying, They had

in the Field

Tbe SoUiers

to fetch the

muUT] Y tor
vifion "

Pro virions out

endurd Thirfl and Hunger.

Thefe Tranfactions in Brafile were very ill refented in Holland, the common
People in the Hague being ready to pull down the f"or tugueje Ambaffador's Houfe,
in revenge of the Cruelties exercis'd

upon

the Netherlander in Brafile, had they not

been hindred by the Prudence of Prince HenricL The Ambaffador pretending to

be ignorant of the fore-mentioned PaiTages, prorTer'd to make what Satisfaction the
Well-India

Company

fhould require.

when

the Actions plainly manifeded

French

King of

But the

what

States

not

fatisfi'd

with Excufes,

their Intentions were, Complain d to the

the unthankful and malicious Dealings of the tportuvuefe

Crown

*
and meeting but with fmall Redrefs, they prepared to right themfelves by force of n "eby
tb;
Arms, and to that end raised feveral Regiments of Land=Soldiers, befides Seamen, %a h to
t

tes

'e.

to fend to Brafile.

The

Fleet defign'd thither, confiding

ithad been frozen up before FluJJung three Moneths,

of twenty two

fet Sail at

Sail, after

lad in the beginning

of

,*.

5g

of February,
The

Duub

Fleet lit out

tor Brafih.

M E%^1 C

Anno 1646. with

the

Lord

Chap, VII.

A.

Schonenburgh, a

Member

of the

States,

the

Councellor Goch, and Treafurer Beanmond, Men very well experienced in Governing
111
r
To thefe were added the eminent Merchants of Amfterdam, Haeks
f Countreys
'

and

keep the Weft-India Companies Accounts, and Le Heremiet for their

Sigifmond Scbuppe bore the chief Command over the Militia, and the

TroYire, to

Secretary.

Admiral (Bankert over the Fleet, which fuffer'd the greateft hardfhip imaginablefor being driven by tempeftuous Winds into the Qolens, two of them driving from
their Anchors were caft away on the Flats, The Fleet getting out again, was once
more forcM by a Storm to put in at the Ifle of Wight; from whence by reafon of continual Gufts they could not ftir in nine Weeks time. During this tedious waiting
for a fair Wind, the Brafile Frigat, valu'd at 20000 /. was fplit in pieces againft a
and of three hundred Men thirty onely were fav'd. A Pink,
which came in two Moneths from ^eciffa, brought alfo fad tydings to the Fleet,
yi%* That the Town was in fuch a Condition, that without doubt the Fleet would

Rock of

the Ifland,

come too

late to their afliftance

vor'd, not without great trouble,

whereupon they making

to weigh Anchor again,

more

the

hafte,

endea*

Wind role
down towards

whileft the

Waves going very hollo w,drove the Ships

Portland Coaft, full of Rocks, to which they were fo near, that they faw a Scotch*
man fplit in pieces againft them and had not the Wind come about, and abated of
No fooner was this Danger pafl, but
its fury, the Fleet had undoubtedly perifli'd.

higher and higher,and the

Admirals Ship complaining of the fmall

allowance they had of Cheefe, Brandy, and Tobacco, had made themfelves Mailers
of the Store-room, and threatned to kill the Lords Coch and 'Beaumond ; but they,
another fucceeded

affifted

with

for the Soldiers in the

Men from

the other Ships,

who came

order'd the Mutineers, that they ask'd forgivenefs,

in at the

which

Cabbin Windows,

fo

many Reafons was

for

granted, onely they were distributed by feven in a Ship throughout the whole
Fleet.

After a great Conteft between Gee/? and Beaumond about carrying the Flag,

which could not be decided, Goch was left by the reft of the Fleet, who Steer'd an.
other Courfe, and getting near the Line, lay becalm'd fix days in which time he
loft very many of his Men byaftrange kind of Scorbute which rag'd amongft them,,
at laft Sailing along the Promontory of St. Auguftine, he came to an Anchor before
.

Qfeciffa,

which he found

in the greateft

Exigency imaginable, infomuch that

it

was

upon, the next day to furrenderthe Place up to the fortuguefe, on promife

which Refokuion none oppos'd more than the Jews
for the
of Quarter onely
(portuguefe fwore that they would burn them alive, if ever they became Mafters of
refolv'd

which made them refolve to

Lives at a dear rate. Six Weeks

Sword

%eciffa,

die with the

their

after Gochs Arrival, the

Fleet,

efcapingmany dreadful Storms,

in

in their

Hands, and

remaining part of the

which, befides the two that were

the Do-ftns, they loft five Ships and five hundred

Men,

fell

arriv'd alfo at %eciffa-

loft in

where

the Commiflioners appointed Officers todiftributeto every one their certain allow*

ance of Victuals.

The prime Councellor

between fieaumond and Goch,

as alfo

Schonenburgh alio decided the Difference

between Haeks and

in the Affembly, Yi%. that they fhould

fit

TroVire,

about their Places

above one another by Turns,

The

old

were blam'd by every one for the decay of

and being fent to Holland, were received with frowning Looks, and rail'd
Brafele
againft in Pamphlets as faithlefs Perfons, w ho fought: nothing but their own ad-

Governors, Hamel,

Bafii,

and

'Bulkftraet,

vantage, and were threatned to be call'd to an Account.

It

was

alfo laid to their

charge, that they had not given a true Account of the State and Condition of 'Braftle

was much more decayed than they had made known, by which means
the prefent Power prov'd too weak to do any thing to the Enemy.
that the State

Among-ft
3

C%>

VII. ;

Amongft

Ringleader

I C

5%i

other Misfortunes which befell the Weft-India

the Tapuyans and other Braftliani

of Garjiman

ME

was not

putting to Death of

in all

fl^'i

Robberies and Villanies

Fad, had

their

OfgJftLd

German, and indeed their chief

but

their

>4r)/

then King alledging

g^

that^bbi was Wrongfully Executed by Garjiman, and that

him as King, profecuted Garjiman fo vigorouily, that he and
his AcceiTory in the

the Revolt

which hapned upon the occafion MfgJ*; P"

the lead,

J^ftoA

Company,

Goods and

his
his

Tryai belong'd to
Enfign Jacob Boulan,

Salary connfcated, and they theni-

were Tent home in difgrace.

Meanwhile the Council feeing that there was not much good to be done by jjjjj'gjj,

felves

Arms, endeavor'd by mild ways to invite the revolted JPortuguefes., who ^"g*
******
Were all promis'd Pardon for their Infurreftion in an Edid which was publifh'd
and Boogenftraet for
in all places, onely Viera, Jlmado, Ve %puche\ Antonio Cahantelca,
whorn areatfums of Money were offer'd, were excepted, The Tortuguefe on the
force of

contrary publifh'd, That they would receive

thofe ISfytberlanders into favor that

all

which they ow'd to the Weft-India

Company, and alfo Transport them whither they pleas'd. Thefe Promifes, writ*
where on the Boughs
ten in Englijh, Dutch, French, and fortuguefe, and hung every

would come over

to them, and pay the Debts

Privy-Councils
of Trees, and other publick Places, operated much more than the
ran to the (Portu*
Edicts- for in Head of one fortuguefe that came to them, feveral
kept to prevent them,befides
guefe from (%c///d, notwithstanding a ftrid Guard was
feveral raging
the great mortality amongft the Soldiers and Inhabitants through
Diftempers, and want of frefh Provifions : Which general Calamity, it Teems,

very

much cow'd

hundred

the Spirits of thofe that were left

Portuguefes,

for in a Sally meeting with five

notwithstanding they were equal

in

number,

yet they

made

though Setoffs came with eight hundred Men to their afliby fair means or
ftance, yet he could not prevail with them to face about either
Sergeant, and two Soldiers,
foul, for with his own hand he Ran-through an Enfign,
who ran away firft. Yet notwithstanding this bafe and cowardly Retreat, it was
and at the fame
refolv'd on to fet upon Olinda and the Promontory St. Juguftine
fliameful Retreat

yea,

with fifteen hun*

time Hinder/on was fent to make himfelf Mafter of %io Francifco
and Sword, that
dred Men, and to harrafe all the Countrey thereabouts with Fire
fo he

might force the Tortuguefe to leave ^ciffa.

Though

John Vary, King; of the Tapuyans, feem'd well

enough contented with

the ^vokofthe

punifliment of Garjiman, yet a great Party of his Subjeds were not iatisfa d, but
went and joyn'd with the fortuguefe, be caufe Garjiman had not been delivered to

them

in Siara,

where they

Prefents to their

King Dary,

But he reply 'd, That

Siara, than

to

kill'd all the Netherlander s

if poflible, to

oblige

they could meet with, and fent

him

to joyn with the <Portuguefe

he had more reafon to ftmijb them for their

have anything

to

ill

ufage of the Inhabitants in

do With the Portugaeie.

informed hereof, fent the Interpreter %alfh Baron, who had a long
time Convers'd with the Tapuyans, with a Prefent of Axes, Knives, Looking.glafles,
his forShirts, Combs, and the like Trifles, to King Vary, defiringhim to continue

The Council

which Vary promis'd, provided he might refor the

ceive Afliftance from %eciffa againft thofe whom he had made his Enemies
which Baron promis'd fhould be done as foon as the frefh Forces
Netherlanders fake
which were daily expected from the Texel, Maes, and Zealand, came to Brajile.
the ?ortu* JJj^J
Hinderfon Landing at %io Grande, took the Fort without firing a Gun,
here abundance of Cattel f^}!,,.
guefe at his firft coming flying into the Woods. He found

mer kindnefs towards

the Hollanders

no place in the World breeds more than this, feveral Husbandmen having fifteen
Provi
thoufand Head of Beafts, of which many were taken to fupply the want of
for

Hhh

{ions

iA
{ions at %eciffa.

As foon

as

M E %.l C

Chap. VII.

A.

he had taken the Fort, he caus'd

it

to be pull'd

down

Ground, becaufe it ftood in an inconvenient place, and immediately raised

another, which was much better to be defended, by reafon of the rifing Ground ;
but he could neither bring that Work, nor any other Defign to any perfection, becaufe of the treachery of his Soldiers, who being moft of them (Rfman-Catkolicks,
were fo inclin'd to the for tuguefe Intereft, that they daily more and more deferted
to the

Companies Service, and gave Intelligence to the Enemy of their Tranfactions.

Amongft otherSj an Antwrper was apprehended for an Intelligencer, and being
Hang'd on a Gibbet, fell three times one after another on his Feet,the Halter breaking like a burnt Thred, which gave him fo many times of refpit and opportunity
of fupplicating for Life j but his Crime was too hainous to admit of Pardon.
Mean while the fled Portuguefes being fupply'd with frefh Supplies from all Places,
efpecially from St. Salvador, to the number of twelve hundred Men, they kill'd the
The next Sentinel being warn'd by the
Out- watches, confiftingof twenty Men
noife, alarm'd the new Fort, which was fcarce finifh'd, becaufe a mighty Shower of
Rain had wafh'd away the Walls. Hinderfon being wounded in the Leg, fent Captain Mowtagwe againft the Enemy, of whofe Power he was fenfible ; yet going to
the place where the Watch that was kill'd had kept their Station, he met with two
hundred Portuguefes, divided into three Companies, and drawn out for Battel, who
running away were purfu'd by Montagne, till coming up to their Regiment, which
confifted in all of a thoufand Men, divided into five Companies, they fell on all
fides upon Montagne, who fighting valiantly, was overpower'd and kill'd, with three
hundred of his Men, and almoft as many more taken Prifoners ; amongft whom was
the Minifter Jftette, four hundred onely efcaping into the Fort, where Hinderfon
the

Capt. Men
tngnt over-

powerM by
Enemy,

the

and

{lain.

ftay'd expecting the event

This Defeat

o Montague's Exploits.

who by his marching to (2(io

Enemy from ti{eciffa- but now being fore'd to think

fpoil'd Schuppes Defign,

thought to draw the

francifco

of fome

way, he thought it convenient to invade St. Salvador by Sea, as the Enemy

had done P^ciffa by Land. Wherefore Hinderfon receiv'd order to flay with fix hundred Men (being all. that were left of fifteen hundred,) on Pjo Grande, whither a
Barque with Provifions being fent, was taken, and the Men in cool Blood kill'd by
other

the Portuguese*

was given out, that Sdmppe was going with the Admiral
Bankert to Hinderfon s afiiftance } and to delude the Portuguefe the more, Scbuppe
went with two thoufand five hundred Men to <%io Fra?icifco, where he lay fome
days at an Anchor 5 upon which the Governor of St. Salvador fending feveral Com.
panies thither, Schuppe Sail'd with all fpeed to St. Salvador, and Landing on the Ifland
laperica, four Leagues in circumference, he got a rich Booty, and fpar'd none
whome're he met with, infomuch that two thoufand were deftroy'd, fome by the

At

Schuppe'&Viftory on the
I flan J Tape-

fame time

the

Sword upon

it

the place, others

by

their hafte to get

Amongft

the VelTels being too full, funk with them.

and

fent to %eciffa }

were two Monks,

over to

St. Salvador

the Prifoners that

vador.
T.icbth/irt's

moft of

were taken

were defign'd the fame Entertainment

Salvador whereupon they immediately
;

wrote to their Fraternity, to take care that Jflette thould not be burnt
Portuguefe had threatned, becaufe they were to expect the fame ufage

was

for

who

as the Minifter Jftette fliould receive in St.

Afiette

alive, as the
:

whereupon

and had leave to walk up and down the Streets of St. Salhimfelf on Taperica, near an Inlet under the new Works,

fet at liberty,

Scbuppe fortifi'd

and together with

Lichthart

watch'd for

all Portuguefe VelTels

But

Lichthart

dying

Death,

here,

was

carry'd to Gtjciffa, and there bury'd.

St. Salvador fent fifteen

hundred

Men

in the

On

the other fide, the

Night to

Governor of

the other fide of Taperica,

where

AMERICA,

Chap. VII.

587
V

where with all fpeed they Intrench'd themfelves, and Sally 'd daily out of their
Works upon Schuppe, Co that many Men were loft on both fides ; but Scbuppe was in
the worft Condition, in regard his Soldiers ran over in great
dor,

where they were well Entertain'd

who were

the lefs able to give

him

numbers

to St. Salva-

of which he advertis'd the Privy-Council,

Redrefs, as having the fame caufe of

Com-

plaint.

Amongft

others there hapned a fad Accident of a

years old, and born at <%pan,

to

having robb'd

his Father's

Soldier, fcarce iixteen A pitiful

Cafh, went in a Ship

where he lavifhly fpending the Money, was forc'd at laft to Lift him*
the WeftJndia Companies Service, and coming with the fore-mention'd Fleet

to Holland
felf in

who

young

(ftjciffa,

%
ample of a
young Soldi-

ers Execution.

two Companies to run to the (portuguefe but overtaken,

and Condemn'd to be Hang'd, for none of his Excufes

endeavor'd with

was Try'd for the Fact,

which he nlade, of going over the River onely to fetch fome Oranges and Lemmonsto refrefii himfelf, would fave him, nor his proteftingthat he had no intention of going to the Enemy, nor thePromife that his Father fhould releafe him for
ten thoufand Crowns, nor his Minority, which ought chiefly to have been confi*
der'd/but that Neceflity ftopt the Ears of the Companionate fo that his Execution
drew pity from the Beholders a few Weeks after.
A very aftonifhing PatTage hapned at %eciffa upon another Sentence of Death
;

pronounc'd againft a fortuguefe,

came

and there

who

after the publication

of the Act of Pardon

Seaman for two hundred Crowns, to carry a

Letter, made up in a Leaden Box, to the Governor of the Promontory of St. Juguftine, with order that if he was let upon any where, he fhould throw the Box into %eciffa y

hir'd a

The Letter written in ftrange Characters, contained a Declaration of

number of Men in <%eciffa moft of the Netherlander* Forces lying on the

to the Water,
the fmall

were Storm'd along the Bank, and from Maurice*

jladt, k might eafily be taken* This Letter being intercepted, the fortuguefe was
taken and Condemned, and as he was carrying to the Place of Execution cry'd aloud,
Ifland Taperica, Co that if %eciffa

lou Teople take delight in my Death y but you fball he interrupted

h h a

.,

and indeed

is

haphe^ ac*
cord in ply,

notable

Faffage of a
Portuguefe,

Executed for
Treaforu -

AMERICA.
cordinly

for

when

Chap.l VI.

the Executioner began to icorch the half-ftrangled

Criminal

with Straw, there fprungup a ftrange Spirit of Contention amongft the Spectaand foon after a Whirlwind rofe
tors who becran to iuftle and ftrike one another

in the rnidft

of the Market-place, which

in a

moment

caus'd

them

all to

ftagger

drunken People, their Hats and Caps were blown up into the Air, the whole
multitude tumbling confufedly on the Ground, the Arm'd Soldiers flying to the
A
next Houfes, and the Executioner falling down in a Trance from the Scaffold

like

full

quarter of an hour this Confufion hadlafted,

felves again,

Hangman

and the

when

the People

came

to

them*

returned to his Bufinefs, cutting ofTthe Tortuguefe's

Nofe, Ears, PrivyMembers, and tearing out his Heart, which he threw to two
then dividing the Body into Quarters, which were
Doers, who devour'd the fame
fet up at the four Corners of the City for an Example.
;

The fame Punifhment received

landers beil

who

a Mulatto,

endeavor'd to

fire

two of the Hoi-

Ships in the Haven.

Notwithstanding thefe Punifhments, the Soldiers ran away daily the blame
whereof might juftly be laid on the Magiftrates, who took no notice of the Soldiers

and 'inflicting fevere

caufe of Complaint.

vifion,
real

Schuppe

dyM

was

them of a third part of their ProPunifhments upon them as Mutineers, when they had

their Officers, cheating

Complaints of

juft

at the

fame time mrewdly put

of the then reigning Difeafe, or ran

away

to

want of Men, who either

Enemy fo that he was for-

for

it

to the

ced to leave the Ifland Taperica^nd inclofe himfelf within his new rais'd Sconce.

up and down before the

Inlet Todos los Sanclos, after the taking and finking of feveral Ships as they came in
his way, he at laft fet upon the fortuguefe Fleet, confifting of feven great Ships, of
which one got to St. Salvador, another was funk, and the other five were taken, be*
ing valu'd at twenty Tuns of Gold, or 200000 1. Sterl. In this Engagement were
kilFd above four hundred fortuguefes, befidestwo hundred and fifty who were taken Prifoners, and fent Shackled to %cc\ffa. Amongft them was the new Vice-

The Admiral

Admiral

Bmkert

gains

a great Victory over

the Portu-

guefi Fleet.

Roy

Bankert had better fuccefs

for Cruifing

of Brafle, the Admiral, Vice-Admiral, three Monks, and feveral other Per-

fons of note.
Marflul

Hous
at

arrives

R.eciffit

with a frefh
Supply.

This Victory began to give fome Breath to %ec\ffa, when at the fame time Marftial Hous arriv'd there with feven Ships, Mann'd with five hundred Soldiers. This
Hous on the feventeenthof Auguft, Anno 1 645. had been taken Prifoner at the Mn+

was fore'd to
furrender himfelf upon promife of Quarter to Fidal vj\\o after he had taken an Oath
upon the tBihkj to fpare the Lives of all the Hollanders and Brafiliam, fell upon the
having fought

genho,

long

fo

till all

his

Powder was

fpent, fo that he

<Brafilians

and flew them, being ahundred

in all, in Cold-blood,.

who

yet fold their

Being carry'd Prifoner, together with Captain !Brtfto0 9 tifirfr

V/tldfcbut, filar, and two hundred more, by Vtera to Cafa de frugar, he was thence
fent to (portuo-aL where being; released, be brought News to the States o the mean

Lives at no

eafic rate.

Condition of the Weft -India Company, and that all things muft needs be loft, if they
Whereupon he was furdid not fpeedily take the Bufmels into Confideration
where
nifh'd with a Supply of Ships and Men, with which he fet Sail for <Braftk
being arriv'd, moft part of the Soldiers he brought with him were Tranfported to
:

Tapenca, to

afiift

Schuppe
5

trey
;

where being

let

who

as

upon by

foon

as

they

came

to

him, march'd into the Coun-

a thoufand Tortuguefes, he loft fixty

Men.

Soon after Hoovenftraet receiving Orders from the Governor of St. Salvador, who
was informed by fome Prifoners, that Schuppe had not above twelve hundred fighting Men, to fall upon him with three thoufand, made a furious AiTault upon the
Sconce

M EK

Chap. VII,

I C A:

5%9

two places, and Stprming the fame for two hours together,
hundred Men, which made him draw off a little before Daybreak.
Sconce

by

In the interim nine Privateers, fitted out

came

Zealand,

up and down before the Coaft of ftrafde which the States

becaufe the Wejl-India Company was not able to fend any

Supplies thither

Nor was

it

long ere they took

afterwards (joyning with Bankert) four more laden

dos

SanBos,

los

Merchants of Holland and

feveral

to Cruiie

the rather allow'd of,

more

four

loll

in

where they threw

full

hundred and twenty

and

five Tortugnefe Prizes,

of Sugar,

in the

Tortugucfe,

and

Haven

fifty

Ttf

revolted

Hollanders overboard.
%ec\jfa being' at that

from

time reduc'd to very great

ftraits,

eameftly iniplor'd Aid

by reafon of the Differences amongft them*

The Spanifh King by his Agent in the
occafior*

the States, but to little purpofe,

felves,

which hapned upon

this

Hague made Overtures of Peace, and proffer'd to fall upon the Tortugnefe in Brafrie
to which Propofition, whenas the reft of the States feem'd inclinable, thofe o Zeato do with Spain, The The
refolv'd to have nothing
land would no ways hearken, being
<J
?
'

'

news of

this DiiTention

exceedingly perplex'd the Council at

to

make

'

that fiankert, the onely terror to the

Enemy

at Sea, toreprefe
trio
f/ynnii
the inA
fad condi-

States

of Zealand, which yet the General

States Strictly

tion

of the

Place.

they thought

Whereupon

G^eciffa, efpeciail
Meffengers

news was added,

when
was Commanded home by the
to that

forbad.

Coun
ouncil

of Reeiffn
Reeiffa

fit

to fend one of their AiTembly to the Hague,

the States acquainted with the miferable Condition of Brafile, and to

Expo-

with them for their infenfibility of their Condition, and to let them underftand, that ten thoufand Men would not reftore Brafele to its former Condition
Every one Strove to be the MeiTenger of thefe fad tydings, but efpecially their Prestulate

unhappy Countrey of
Brafile^ but becaufe his departure would not have been without great murmuring
of the People, Haeks was fent in his dead. Together with him went Hinderfon (who
was in no efteem fince the Destruction on <%jo Grande-) they both Embarqu'd on
fident Schonenhergh wifh'd

jBankert's

Ship and

it

might be

five others,

which

his lot

in ftead

to leave the

of being laden with rich

Commodi-

were fraught with difcontented Sea*

men, decrepid and fick Soldiers, unferviceable Jews, poor Travellers, fortuguefe
Prifoners, and onely ten Weeks Provifions^ whereas all other Veffels at their Re*
turn from Brafile us'd to have Provifion for three Moneths, which at this time

ties,

and ballafted with Sugar,

could not be fpar'd.

the fore-mention'd

as heretofore,

The Council alfo made Orders what Perfons fliould go with

Ships, Vi% None but thofe whofe Names were written in the

which had ftuck fix Weeks at every Church Door, that by that means no Creditor might fuffer by his Debtors going away, nor any Criminal efcape his defer-

Lifts

ved puniOiment. Bankert had fcarce been

he was a

Man who
3

Week at

for his valiant Exploits

Sea,

was from

when

he dy'd of the Palfie

a Fore-malt

Man

preferr

sifcr*s

d.charaaer.

but
which Oftice he performed with great Prudence and Valor
that which firft made him moft eminently taken notice of, was his Engaging with
thirteen,3unkirkers, of which he funk three, and being boarded by three more, and
fiYd at by the reft, he refus'd to furrrender his Ship on promife of Quarter, but
plac'd his eldeft Son with a lighted Match in the Powder-room, commanding him
to be Captain^

on pain of Death to blow up the Ship with the three Dunhirkers as foon as he gave
the Word which valorous Refolution fo amaz'd the Enemy, that they let him go.
He alfo behav'd himfelf bravely in the Do^ns againft the Spanifl? Admiral Oquendo.
His two Sons that were prefent when he gave up the Ghoft, would not have his
;

Body thrown overboard, notwithstanding

it

ftunk fo intolerably, that

all

the Pro-

therefore taking out his Entrails, they

were tainted by it
Salted the Body, wrapt it up in four Sail-cloths,and nailing the fame up in a pitchy

vifions in the Ship

h h

Cheft,

a M E%1

190

Chap. VII.

A.

Mean while the Fleet approaching the

under the Ballad.
Storm, in which the Vice-Admiral's old
Bemmifh Ifles, was furpris'd by a terrible
Between Calice and Dover
fav'd.
Ship fplic afunder, but mod of the People were
ready to Fight with eight Oftenders, againft whom they made themfelves
bury'd

Cheft,

it

they met

inftead of Hoftility fhew'd them

but they, according to the King of Spams Order,
they happily Anchor'd before
Friendfliip. All their Provifions were fpent, when
where ftanketfrs Body was Interred with great Solemnity.
fluflj'mg,

Fleet to afTift^o^,
In the interim the United Netherlands had fitted out another
Portugal two hundred
the Weft-India Company having firft demanded of the King of

and eighty Tuns of Gold, to the value of which they affirm'd themfelves to have
beendamag'd by the Infurre&ion of the Tortuguefe. On the other fide, the King of
for firft, he had no other
Portugal was in a quandary about the Bufinefs of Qrafile
three
thoughts but that Srafile would have fail'n into his hands within the fpace of
;

Moneths,becaufe the Plot there wasfo fubtilly laid neither did he think the States
would have concern'd themfelves with the Weft-India Companies Bufinefs, which
now it was manifeft they did. Befides this,there was a third Inconvenience, Vt& that
.

Overtures of
Peace from
the Portuguefe refus'd
by the Netherlands.

endeavor'd to conclude a Peace with the United Netherlands $

wherefore that he might put a flop to the fending of the Fleet to fBrafile ,hc dealt with
Proffers in his behalf, ii%. That
the French AmbafTador to make very advantageous
the Spanijh

Crown

he would furrender

had been

all the

fuftain'd thereby.

conquer'd Places, and make good

The Fleet appointed

to

go to

all

<Brafik

the

Damages

was hereupon

that

fiopt,

had Confulted about an Anfwer on the fore-mention'd Propofitions;

Scale was imbut when Haeks brought news of the falfliood of the Tortuguefe, the
of his
mediately turn'd, infomuch that the Tortuguefe AmbafTador went in danger
till,

the States

Life,

till

the Mutineers were put into Cuftody.

Moreover the

Fleet

was order'd

with promifc that another Fleet fhould

but the many difconfolate tydings that had

to Sail with all fpeed poffible to %eciffa,

foon follow with

fix

Men

thoufand

of the hardfhips and fufferings of thofe that went before,

through the unwholfomnefs of the Climate, the want of Provifions, the Strength
and Cruelty of the Enemy, made the Seamen and Soldiers very unwilling to go fo
been brought of

late,

yet at laft, on
Voyage, infomuch that as many as could, made their efcape
thehftday of December, Anno 1647. the Fleet fet Sail under the Command of
defert the Ifland
Cornelifoon de Wit ; fome Weeks before which Schuppe was fore'd to
which the Tortuguefe from a rais'd Battery on the
Taperica, to go and aid %ec\ffa
other fide of the River <Biberibi fhot atfo inceffantly, that none were fafe either in
:

fatal a

Houfesor

their

in the Streets.

while the Tortuguefe Agent, Francifco de SoufaContinho, proffer'd the States

to go to <Brafile himfelf, and caufe to be reftor'd all thofe Places which had been ta*
ken from the Wett.India Company, particularly the City St. Salvador and Tercera,be*

Mean

fides
Grave

Mau~
h 1&h

Deminds

Reparation for

all

other Damages.

At the fame time Grave Maurice was Treated with to go to Brafile again, but his
D m arids were fo high, that it came to nothing; for he requir'd 4000 /. yearly to
alfo 2000 /. to fet him out,
fpend at his Table, and 5000 /. befides during his Life
and twelve thoufand Men to Befiege St. Salvador, which was always guarded by
.

four thoufand, and thirty Carvels lay ready before Lisbon to carry four thoufand

more
Angola and

thither.

All things went very

ill

on the Hollanders

brthepV^fore-mention'd Fleet had not

by the immoderate Heat of

its

fide at this prefent

wifli'd fucceft',

mofl of the

for befides that the

Men

being defhoy'd

the Climate, Angola and Loando were alfo taken

by the

Tortuzuefe.
.

Thefe

'

Chap.

VIL

<Ut

E%^I

A.

5pl

Thefe Misfortunes made the Weft-India Company begin to be very forward

to come to a Treaty with the Tortuguefe Agent, who before feem'd rather to court
them, having offer'd to Engage for the reiteration of whatever they pbffcffs'd at
that time,

upon

that

when

the ten years Peace

was concluded

but

when

came to infill:
Point, he anfwer'd, That he muft expect new Orders from Lisbon con;

they

cerning Loando, becaufe the taking of that Place caus'd an alteration in the ftate
of Affairs. But the States no way fatisfi'd with Delays, that were like to prove both
hurtful and difgraceful, refolv'd to put into Execution what they had before agreed

upon,

The

vi%.

Eafi.India

Company was impower'd

Ships towards the payment of the fifteen

Company,
pany alfo

On

them
Commiffions

fortuguefe

Tuns of Gold

to Cruife for fortuguefe VefTe Is before Brafile.

the feventeenth of February,

over in the tore-mention d Fleet,'

.

make Prize of all

ordain'd for the Weft* India

againft the Tortuguefe Oppreflion. The Weft-India Com-

to help

received

to

Anno 1649. three thoufand Soldiers that came

befides two hundred Negro's, and as manv Seao

/as

men, marching to Beheae Gararapes under the Command of Schuppe and Cocbe. were
r C
n
r
lo ruriouily let upon by the Sallying Enemy, that they were fore'd to break up the

lion

Siege in great diforder, whileft the fortuguefe being in

hundred,

fell

upon

the Rere

could poflible to bring their

them from running away

number two thoufand

and though the Dutch Officers us'd

Men

in

to face about,

which

left

flight great (laughter

behind

as

debte(1

y,
they were

Bene e ln
Gararafts.

five

all the care

they

of them was made by

Arm'd with Lances,

info-

that in the flight and the purfuit, a thoufand Netherlanders were flain,

nineteen Enfigns or Colours were

bl

yet they were not able to keep

the fortuguefe Horfe, confiftingof a hundred and thirty,

much

* chuPP**

Trophies for the fortuguefe

and
5

the

chief of the Slain were Colonel Brink, and Houterpe.

The

were much concern'd at the improfperous Affairs of <Brafile,m regard a fifth part of the Weft-Jndia Companies Stock belong'd to Middleburg, Flujhing,
and Veer, infomuch that the Complaints of Widows and Orphans that fhar'd in the
Zealanders

common

mov'd the States to fit out fix great Ships, and as many Ketches,
Mann'd with two thoufand eight hundred Men, for Brafele^ where all things ran
lofs,

to ruine, the Grandees both of the Council^Army, and Fleet, being at variance, and

impeaching one another.

The reft of the Provinces, efpecially Frieftand,

Company, werefomewhac colder in the purfuit
on

a frefh Letter of

Complaint from

The Admiral De

five

of

lefs inclin'd

this Bufinefs

to the Weft-India

neverthelefs, up-

Walter Schonenbergb, Prefident

Council, they held a Confultation together,

out of twenty Ships and

being

how

to raife

Moneys

of the

'Braftlian

for the fitting

Ketches for the Relief of <Brafile.

Wit returning

home, was, upon

in Brafile, and the General, Sigifmond Scbuppe,

the accufation of the Cduncil

hiifi'i

made Prifoner in the Hague and towent with him were Committed by
;

gether with

him

the other five Captains that

the Admiralty, for returning without the

Confentof the Council } but they were

foon releas'd by the Magiftrates of Jmfterdam, who upon the Admiralties refufing
to deliver them, commanded their Provon>Marihal to break open their Prifon
Doors* DeWtt after his Releafement juftifi'd what he had done before a full Af* De f*
fembly of the States, and alledg'd that it was according to the Orders he receiv'd Pnfon, juihhis Re^
ilI

how

fies

When he undertook this Expedition.

The fortuguefe Agent, Soufa Macede,

turn.

obtaining Audience of the

ready the King his Mafter had been to

with them, but that their

come

to a perfect

own Ads of Hoftility had

States, told

them

Agreement of Peace

been the occafion of the breach

of that Treaty of Peace that had been concluded on that the Robberies and Info*
lencies committed by thofe Portugueses under their jurifdi&ion, was not any way
;

authorised

A M E%^I

C A.

Chap.

71

laftly, he offered them free Trade to 'Brafile,

countenancM by him
eighty Tun of Gold to the Weft-India Qompany, 800000 /. to the Orphans and Wi*
dows in Zealand, and payment of ail private Debts. But making no mention of

authorised or

reftoring the Places in

Schuppe,

and

Schoacnbevgh,
declare the

the States

who

refented

it

fo

that they

and Scbonenbergb, made each of

forth the fad Condition of the Place, and the Miferies

of their unfortunate Proceedings.

Schuppe, Haeks,

Reafons of
lofs of

them

Rtciff*.

they had endur'd a long time before they

the

mock

he feem'd to

would admit ofno farther Conference with him.

Mean while the WeJl*India Companies Bufineis in Brafile went daily more and
more to ruine, infomuch that in the Year 1 654, they loft all their Forts and Places
of Strength and Habitation, and amo'ngft them %eajfa, the chief Refidence of the
Council o (Braftle, who returning home, brought nothing but a doleful Relation
much,

Hae![S,

'Braftle,

long Oration, fetting

Enemy by the

left it

alfo excufing their total

quitting

want of Provifions and other Supplies,- which

they fo often had written for in vain, at leaft receiv'd moit of what their Necetfities
requir'd, and by the Clamours of the Soldiers, who were ready upon all occafions

thereof to the

great

Mutiny or Revolt, as appear'd by their crying out upon the difcovery of a Fleec
of Tortuguefe upon the Coaft, Behold our Deliverers from the Netherlander Tyranny ;
laftly, by the growing Power of their Enemies, which they could not have refitted,
to

though they themfelves had been much ftronger than they were*
But the

Company

Weft-India

fenfibly touch'd at the thoughts of their LofTes,were

with the Relation of Schonenbergh i Haeks, and Schuppe, but requir'd a

Journal of every days Tranfactions, or Testimonies to confirm the truth of their
not

fatisfi'd

They

demanded an Account of the Condition of the Store-houfes

when 1{ecijfaw2LS furrendred, and fell upon them with feveral Interrogatories, vi^>
Why the IPonJfogados was forfaken Why the Garrifons were not drawn in from
the North to %eciffa ? Why they did not keep footing on the Land, and ouard
thofe Places they had left when fyclffd was loft? Why they made fuch ado for
want of Provifions and Ammunition to difliearten the People ? Why the Money
prorTer'd by feveral Citizens was not taken * Why they did not burn the Enemy's
Relation

alio

Fleet, {ince,

How

according to the opinion of leveral,

they could

teftifie

have been made

Tbey are

might

eafily

have been done

Comman-

the Sedition of the Soldiers, fince none of their

any Means to encourage the Befieged ?

did, and who did notconfentto the Surrender? Whether no better Terms could

ders coraplain'd of

Who

it

it

Whether they

us'd

In fine,they prevailed with the States to fecure Schonenbergh, Hacks,

try*d at a

and Schuppe,

in their

Council of

War.

Houfes, and on the ninth of September,

Anno

1654. brought

them before a Council of War in the Hague, where the chief things objected againffc
them were, That the Tortuguefe had gotten by the Concjueft of %eaffa, above two
hundred Brafs Guns,

mod

of them Demi*Culverins, and four hundred Iron Guns,

valu'd together at ten hundred thoufand %ixdollars
That the Store-houfes were
,

with Provifion and Ammunition

fufficiently ftock'd

own Goods,

cure their
to the
Their Pleas.

but

left

what belong'd

That they took

to the Weft*IndU

care to fe-

Company

as a

Prey

Enemy.

onhispart alledg'd, that he could do nothing of himfelf, as being under

the Command of the (Brafilian Council. Hacks and Schonenhergh pleaded the want
Schuppe

of Men, by reafon of the

Defection, to the

many

ing of fo

Enemy, and

different

Vortuguefe Fleet, the great

cation

many

laftly, the

that daily

droptfrom them,

either

by Death or

thofe that remained., unfafe to be trufted, as confift-

Nations

alio their

being blocked up

want of Ammunition,

at the

Sea by the

efpecially Inftruments of Fortifi-

head<flrong Refolutions of the Soldiers, to deliver up the Place,

whatever their Officers fhould determine to the contrary

notwithftanding which,
to

M MWjX C

iA

Chap. VII.

A.

59

was not quitted upon difadvantageous terms, they produe'd the

Articles of Agreement upon which it was iurrjfcndrcd to Frattcifco, Governor of
Sihuppe
In conclufion, the Council of Wat/ pafs'd their Sentence on Schufpe, demn conPernambuco.
at a
Council
to
was
him
from
that
due
the
the
all
Sallary
lofe
Weft-India
fhould
he
That
ViZj
War to
to

fhew

that

it

il

r.f

l(/fc

Company
with

twenty

fince the

fixth

when heSign'd

Portuguefe recovered full andabfolute poffeiTion o

Thus the

Agreement

the

hii Salary.

up o '1{ecijfa.

the delivering

(Baretto for

of January 1654.

firaftle,

yet notwith-

out fear of an afterclap of War ; wherefore the Portuguefe Agent, upon condition of
an abfolute Peace to be concluded, prorTer'd the States General in the Hague, Satisfa-

Damages which

ction for the

Tun

eighty

of Gold, a

was not

there,

power of
aflift them in

in the

niard proffer'd to

fuftain'd

in 'Brafik,

Bra file, and payment of the Debts due to them

free 1'rade to

feveral Portuguefes in Braftle

from

Company had

the Weft-India

but told them, that to furrender them any Places

Crown. On

the Portuguefe

the other fide, the Spa*

the total Concjueft of Braftle, and to reftore

them

thofe Places they formerly poflfefs'd, as foon as they had fubdu'd the Portuguefe to
which the Zealanders began to hearken, who being great Lofers by the Portuguefes

Treachery, wifli'd for nothing more than Revenge

Trade

to Portugal,

was more

Britain profFer'd himfelf to

inclin'd to Peace

but Holland having a great

Whereupon His Majefty of great

Crown and

be Mediator between the Portuguefe

and accordingly on the

concluded with Portugal on thefe Terms

United Netherlands

-,

of Juguft, Anno

fixth

the

661 a Peace was

.

That Portugal ~$m

I.

to fay to

the

United Netherlands

Tun

of Gold , eitMpin

out of the Cuftoms payable in

fame

ready Money, Sugar, Tobacco, or Salt, or de duel the

eighty

*&*

to

the Salt-Trade at St. lives

That

be reftord to the

Weft -India Company.

and other Places under the Portuguefe Jurifditlion,

whether in Africa or Brafile, yfrow/ti be granted

to the

Netherlands, paying

the Cuftoms as the

Portuguefe do them [elves.

the conquer' d Places gotten on both fides, fnould remain in the hands of the pre-

IV. That

fent Pojfejfors.

V- That

the

Rjng of Portugal fhould

it

Embargo on any Netherland

not lay an

any pretence nbatfoeVer, though they fhould carry

vided

all

manner of Ammunition

to his

on

Veffel,

Enemies, pro-

mere not out of any of the Portuguefe Havens.

VI. That

710

Netherlander

fhould ever he call'd before any Judge about any Difference- in

Religion, but ftiould have freedom thereof granted him, eithefin his

Houje

or Ship,

and

alfo

a convenient Burying-place.
if any Difference floould chance to arife between

VII. That
they

Jlmdd

not extend

it to

prejudice the Trade, but every

Portugal and ^Netherlands,

Merchant ftiould be free

to call in his

Debts, and fend Ships without hinder ance.

VIII. That

this brefent

Agreement fhould

Subjects, either in the Eaft or

IX. That

Havens

the

WeftJndies,

not be broken by any

~frho

Here

to be

Mifdemeanors

ailed by any

punifh'd by their lawful Judges.

belonging to both Parties Here to be free for either

Men

War

of

or

Merchant-Men.

X. That

Netherlanders Trading

the

in

Portugal, might go

Jrmd,

take Houfes and

Store-houfesi

XI. That

the

XII. That

the

India Company,
were

to Sit at

of
be-

-f"J
gai ana
roe

tbtrlands.

That the Guns on RecifTa were

III.

tvi

Vmied Nf-

Portuguefe Harbors.
II.

nicI

Peace

Goods laden

in

Portuguefe

or any other

Lisbon,

an Enemy's Ship might be decla/dfree Prize.

in

Brafile

jMJ pay

Perfon or Perjons

to hear

and determine

>

to

their

Debts iohkh they ow'd

to the

Weft-

which purpofe three appointed Lommifiioners

the Quj'es that ftould be brought before them,

and

without

M E %^l C

59$.

pap

without the ufual Circumftanccs,

Chap. VII.

A.

their Sentence, -frbich

was

be Executed by

to

a higher

Tower.

The

States of

GroniHgen
and others,
difapnrove
the Peace
with PottU'
gal, and con-

demn

Agreement was concluded, the Tortuguefe Ambsflador

Henrico Sou/a ToVares, went for Lisbon, where he arrived on the laft day of September,,
Not onely Guelderland and Zealand, were much diflatisfi'd with this Agreement
few days

after this

but alio Gromngen accused their Deputy Scbulenbergh, that contrary to Orders he had
been too forward in concluding the Peace with Portugal, and that he had confented to that w hich the States of Groningen had not permitted him
for they rer

Scha-

lenbergb.

make Peace on no other account, but that Tort ugal fli on Id pay the eightyTun of Gold in ready Money, and that in a fhort time whenas on the contrary
he had allow'd of the payment in Merchandife, and that in a long time. Wherefore the States of Groningen (who for/this Facl: and feveral Accufations brought
againft Schuknbergh, condemn'd him to be Beheaded, which Sentence had been
Executed upon him, had* he not made his Efcape) together with thofe ofOmeland, and
fblv'd to

who difapprov'd of the Peace concluded with Portugal, drew up many Reawhy they diiTented, and look'd upon it as both diflionorable and difadvant-a-

others,

fons

geous

however, the Articles being Sign'd, and the

how impofTible a Work it would have

War with the Tortuguefe in <Brafile, being at

federation

new

all,

and that for the

they were forc'd to

down with

Intereft

of a few, in

reft fatisfi'd,

reipect.

States General,

been to have gone about to rethat time in firm pofTeifton of

of the whole

and together with the

the lofs of thofe Places in Braftle,

taking into con-

Commonwealth

Weft-India

which had

coft fo

Company, to fit
much Blood and

Treafure to gain.
The

Wefi-

Iniitt

Com-

panies

morial

Medeli-

ver'd in to

Neverthelefs the IVeftJndia

Company

put in a Memorial at the Hague, of all that

had been done by them from time to time, wherein they themfelves had been great

Commonwealth

very

they put in a Stock of feventy four

Tun

Sufferers,

and the

the States,

Admirals

IVillekens,

much advantag'd,

as

namely, That

at firft

of Gold, Tent out divers Fleets under the

John Virkfooon Lam, Boudewyn, Henrickfzoon

Teter Bein, Adrian

Tater, Henrick Lonk, Dirk Uitgeeft, Teter Ita, Loos, Cornells Houte-been, Uchthart,
Bankert,
and others, at feveral times, which had much weakned the Spanijh Power,

to the

greatadvantageofthe United Netherlands

becaufe the Spaniard was not onely forc'd

to defend America, but alfo loft great Riches on the
Coaft

Power

to difperce his

which being the Sinews of his War, prevented him from oppreffing that
That to their lofs they fuffer'd their Forces to flop the Enemy, when he broke

thereof,
State
;

into the Velum, at that time

Thred

when

the United Netherlands feem'd to

hang by

a filken

That it would probably have been the ruine of Holland, if the mighty Spanijb Fleet which Engagd with Martin Tromp in the Downs, had
been a/lifted by fixty
fix Sail, which La Torre was forc'd to fend to the Coaft of <Brajile, acrainft
the
5

Weft-

India

Company
;

That

this

Companies Concern was

fo great a

Nuriery of Mari-

ners in the Year 1620. that they had above a hundred Ships at Sea,and
fifteen thoufand Men in their Service
which the United Netherlands considering, and judging
;

Charge too great

that

for the

maintain, had refolv'd to contribute a

yearly, which had not yet been paid
which made them

Sum towards it
up Money upon Intercft,

certain

take

payment of the fame

very
yet
cijfa

Company to

terrifi'd

becaufe the

with

it.,

to the Province of Qnli in

to the Spamfr

and put

in a

Supply of thirty

Tun

That the Expedition of Henrick Brewer

much behind-hand,

was often

Enemy having

to

notice of

of Gold for the

Chili

it,

had put them

fecur'd himfelf,

having found out a Way to go from %two Moneths, and accordingly to do great mifchief
for 'Brewer

Power, vvhofe Riches

lay bare all along the South

Sea-

this

and

many

iap.

many

vn.

M E %^l C

<t/l

other things forc'd to

cluded on in Mtmfter,

make

Anno 1648

A.

j 91

that honorable Peace with the Netherlands, con-

That

computed and deliver'd in

to the States General, amounted to fixty fix Tun of Gold, and forty three thoufand two hundred and ninety Guilders, which forc'd them to take up Money to
pay Intereft for what they had before, yet that they ftill kept fifty preat Ships at
Sea, and were refolv'd to profecute their Trade with frefli vigor, as foon as Satisfaction fhould be given from the fortuguefe Crown, as was promis'd them in the
Articles of Agreement, and they could obtain of their Lordfhips to have their
>
;

their Loffes,

Patent prolong'*! for a confiderable time

Orphans and Widows who furnifli'd

which in the firft twelve years did the
reckon'd to

amount

That they were ftill indebted to thofe

them with Money to fet out their Forces
;

Spaniard fo

much hurt,

to one thoufand one hundred and eighty

that the

Damage

is

Tun of Gold.

Thefe things being taken into confideration by the States General, they granted
the Company their Requeft, and gave them a new Patent, by virtue of which they

now Trade
had

to Africa

poflefs'd in

and the

Qaribbee-Iflands , fince they

were forc'd

to quit all they

<Brafile*

S E CT. XII.

The Journey of Rodulphus Baron, with the T>efcription

of
Cujloms and Manners of the Tapuyans.

ROdulphus <Baron, to make a Difcovery of the Countrey,

ment of Grave

Maurice,

who

allow'd

him

upon

the

the Encourage-

to that purpofe a

yearly Reve*

nue, undertook a remarkable Journey, accompany'd

with three Tapuyans
going out of the Village Caneri without any ftore of Provifions,
left the Mounl
-

who

on the right-hand, and went feventy Leagues into the Countrey,

without meeting with any People, onely he found one Mountain of
Fofile Glafs \
from whence he went Southward to the Villages of the Waripehares and Caripati,
who
tains QtpaeVa

having courteoufly Entertained him, appointed certain Perfons to

accompany him
from one Village to another, with Orders to Complement Grave Maurice,

who

them home with

fent

feveral Gifts.

The Waripehares and Caripati inhabit fourteen Villages on the Mountains

which
Bound Brafile Weftward, live by Hunting and Fifliing, eat wild Honey and
all
manner of Fruit, and maintain continual Wars

againft a

mighty People which

in,

habit the Weftern Plains.'

As

for the Tapuyans, they range

up and down between the Rivers Grande, Quoau- Theorems

s
guho, Ocioro, Upameoma, and foiroguo, without having
any fetled Abodes they are a
"""'
ftrong People, Hern of Countenance, and black
Hair'd
In (lead of Circumcifing
their Children, they cut them, which is done
after this manner
The Priefts ftand
on a row, Dancing and Singing, whileft one of them fwings the
Child round about

S^-

his

Head before

Multitude, and then runs away with it . at laft returning,

fees it in his Lap, whileft another
Prieft cutting a Hole in the Ears and Lips
thereof, puts little Bones into the fame, and
the Mother cries
terrible
their

and howls after a

At thefe Ceremonies, which end with Dancing and Singing,
always prcfent.

manner.

King

The

all the

is

Virgins are kept by

Parents

the Mothers perceive them to have

Monethly Courfes, which they immediately reveal to the Priefts, who acquaint the King therewith, before whom the Maid, being
Painted red, is brought
.their

till

their

Whom

having fmoak'd with Tobacco, he throws an Arrow

at a

Garland, which

M E^l C

sptf

he wears on her Head, and

if he

chances to hit

licking certain parts of her Body, from

So foon

as a

Woman

with him, but he

is

is

which

it,

flie

permitted to enjoy his other Wives, whofc

according to every onespleafure.

lefs,

he gives her his Benedi&ion^ by

hopes to receive long Life.

gotten with Child by her Husband, fhe

ft

more or

Chap. VII.

A.

The Women

no more

lies

number

is

either

Delivery eat

after

their After-birth.

Adultery

is

free for

Men, but

if

Women be

taken in the Act, they are immedi-

ately put to Death.

After they have done

Strange kind
of Pi ognoflication.

Soweing and Planting, the King calls all his People and
Subjects together, and appears to them hung round with Garlands 5 and all of
them have their Bodies Painted and ftuck full of divers colour'd Feathers.
The Priefts when they go about to foretel future Events,either Sing or Pipe,and
at the fame time hold up their Heads towards the Skie, and Hand gazing, as if they
faw fome ftrange Vifion in the Air on fome of their Backs hangs a Bundle of
fome throw Feathers in the Air, to fee which way the Wind
Qftriches Feathers
blows. When the Waters overflowing 'Brafile did much harm, Anno 1641. the
Priefts being Coniulted, brought forth the King's Calabajh, in which lay their facred Stones call'd Cobuterak and Titfcbeyoub, and began to Dance and Sing next fix
Priefts wereplac'd in a row, which were to Prognofticate
whereupon the firfl
taking up a Stone, faid, The Netherlanders have given Battel to thofe in St. Salva;

dor, but are

noH> about

an

Agreement

The

fecond held up a Bloflbm of Indian

Wheat, and foretold that there would be plenty of that Grain

a white Pebble-ftone, promis'd {lore of Milk

The

Bowe and Arrow hung full

the Jiigels, Birds jh all

lump

[lie

The

third holding

fourth grafp'd a Stone like

Bread, telling them that the Countrey fhould produce

holding up a

much Bread

of Feathers, cry'd aloud, This

thicker than thefc Feathers

hang together

of VCax, foretold that there would be plenty of

The

The

ts

fifth

a Gift of

fixth,

having a

Honey made by

the Bees

that year.

They

vi-orfhip the Conftellation Urfa Minor,

They

They obfervea
Leaves

down

M-E^I C A.

*A

Chap. VII.
their

for with a Stick they thruft (harp

way of Purging;

very ftrange

Throats into

197

Stomach, which they turn

their

long

fo

they

till

vomit Blood,
they have a general Meeting for Wreftling, and other Exercifes,
for they are all over
which lafts three days. The Wreftlers are ftrangely attir'd
their Bodiesbefet with divers fbrts of'Feathers, and in ftead of Boots or Buskins,
In the

Summer

^
ll!i

s-

wear the Barks of Trees about

ty'd in a Tuft, hangs

down

their

behind

Legs
;

on

their

Hair befmear'd with Honey, and

their

Crowns

they wear a

Plume of Fea-

at their Arms they tie the

about their Necks a Band or Gorget of Feathers
Wings of the Birds %ohitub, and on their Backs a green Bough their whole Bo-

thers,

dies Painted with divers

Colour^ and

their

Red Thus accoutred, they

Grudge between them, then they

Hair

all

Engage one with another, andifehefe be an old

The Victor with ftrange Actions
Fight in earned, and often kill one another
upbraids the Vanquifh'd with Cowardife, and ever after enjoys his Wife and
:

Children,,

Manuab, being four Yards long, and on the Tail having a

Horn, which with a pufli it thrufts into Man or Beaft, as it lights, then winds it
felf about the Body, and fucks till it hath fuck'd the laft drop of Blood.

They

eat the Serpent

Here are

alfo Serpents

which are

fo poy'fonous, that the leaft

Wound

received

mortal, unlefs the part bitten be either immediately cut out, or off.
The^Priefts cut the deceafed Bodies into pieces, which areroafted by old

them

men

by

is

Wo-

the Bones are taken out, and at the next publick Feaft are ftamp'd, mix'd

with Water, and Drank But the Bocjies of Noblemen are to be eaten by none
but Perfons of that Rank.
Their man:
They alfo Crown their Kings after a ftrange manner, iir. The Priefts, who are ner
of Crow~
r
r
r
aiin g their
Baliam,
or
and
put
fweet-fmelling
Oyl,
him
with
anoint
Feathers,
with
befet
:

'

Kins

Crown of divers

coloured Feathers on his Head, after which they all

fall a

Singing

and Dancing; but if any one happen to fpeak a word of the deceafed King, they all
begin to howl and cry. The Kings Authority confifts more in Adyifing than

Commanding.
Thev/ believe
tal.;

that the

Souls of thofe

who

Death are immor-

die a natural

but thofe that are

kill'd

by

their

Enemies, devoured by ravenous Beafts, or

poyfon'd, are totally extinguifh'd both Soul and Body for ever.

They

Their

oP

i-

wons eoncer-

mngtheSoui

fay like-

Weftward near a dark Pool, where the Devil Examines every

the Good are Ferry'd
Soul how they liv'd on Earth, and what Death they dy'd
over to a delightful Valley, where there is plenty of Fifli, Honey, and Flefh ; bus

wife that Hell

is

Wicked are miferably tormented.

The Natives live peaceably amongft themfelves,

the

their.

Law

being for thofe that

have not, to ask/and for thofe that have, to give.

They never Travel in the Night for fear of Serpents and other ravenous Beafts,
.

do theygo any whither till the Sun has dry'd up the Dew.
King Janduy before-inention'd, being above a hundred years of age, deflr'd the hiffukS7
PJot
Prince otjuckers fair Daughter to Wife, but being deny'd, contriv'd a fubtil Plot,
neither,

"

Vi%.

he invited

Jticker,

with

his Courtiers, to a Wreftling

whither he coming with

whole Train, was earneftly minding the Sport, when a conliderable number of
Jtinduy's Women falling upon Jucker's Men, deftroy'd a great marly of them, and got
the dehYd Maid for Janduy, who at that time had fourteen Wives and fixty Chil-

his

dren, but had formerly enjoy'd

fifty

Not onely amongfl the Tapuyans,

their Arms are great Clubs cail'd

Wives and Concubines.

but generally amongft the

reft

alfo fliajp Darts,

Tacapes

of the Brafilians y t> a rms.

<

and ftrong Bowes

I i i

cail'd

zA

5p8

call'd Orapares,

roujfom.

M B%.l C

with Shields, which are made of the Skin of a Beaft

Bones

SnaiUhells, which hang

down

over theit

with divers colour'd Rings, furrounded with

their Necks and Arms they adorn with Necklaces and Armlets of little
They carry their Husbands Provifions in time of War.

Shoulders

Specks

call'd 2i/>f.

The Women wear long Chains of

Chap. VII.

A.

their Faces are Painted

by blowing on the Horn Inubia others play on Mens

Bones kill'd a little before for going by Water they ufe Boats made of the Barks of
The
Trees, each whereof being able to carry fifty Men, go exceeding fwift
take, whether Men, Woftrongeft Men always march before, and as many as they
Their

Army

they order

men, or Children, they

Their

'

and roafted

in their toucans.

of Houfes of eighty, ninety, or a hundred Paces long.

and Pallifado's againft any
thofe that lie near the Enemy are fene'd with Walls
Their Field-Battels are very terrible ; for as foon as they get fight of one
Attempt.
L
mm'
_,
,,
r
as they approach nearer
Fi*bt*
anot her, they howl like Wolves ; which Tone they raile
and nearer, and with their Horns and Pipes make alfo a mighty found then flu-

Their Villages

ircrof

are all kill'd

confift

Necks) at one anoking their former Enemies Teeth (which they wear about their
ther,they cry, That

they frail immediately fall into each others

hands for Food

whereupon

d with all forts of Feathers,

they throw their Darts at one another, which are adorn
the fame like a mad
and if any one be wounded, he pulls out the Dart, and bites
next falling to their Clubs, they knock one anothers Brains out: which

Dog

manner of Fighting

lafts

commonly fome hours before

the one or other Party leave

All their Prifoners they fatten, and eat them at a Merry-meeting . at

when they have Danc'd feven hours together, three Men lead the Prifoner,

the Field.

which

Bark of a Tree call'd Jrnra, through their Village,

manner thus unto
whileft the Prifoner looking to and again, faith in a fcornful
your Brothem, Ion, do ye hear? I have taten your Fathers and to others, 1 have roafted

ty'd with

aRope made of

the

ther

your T&fhelf

carry 'd

alfo tafted Very "bell

him about

for

my Death

will

he fufficiently reVengd

Having

fome time, they put the Rope

fo ftrait

about

his

Middle,
that

_L

AMERICA:

Chap. VII.

599

oneway nor other then they give him Stones in his Hands,,
and lay others at his Feet, faying, Now take Revenge for your Death before you die then
he immediately throws at thofe who are nearer! him
and when Stones are wantthat he can neither

ftir

ing, he

with a black Club

his

which

to

lations I

that

Head,
And

in his

at laft

Ta

the Prifoner undauntedly anfwers,

I am he that have eaten feveral of jour

is, Yes,

plies,

comes the Executioner, adorn'd with Feathers,

Hand, and asks, HaVe not you at feveral times eaten of our de-

throws with Earth

cries out,

how

Valiantly did I behave

therefore fh all you he kill'd by

the Prifoner anfwers again, What

faid, his Brains are dafh'd out,

(people,

my felf

che tan tan, ajouca, atoupaVe,

and laying

therein

me, andferVefor Food for

care 1, fince I

know my Death

his

Hands upon

The Executioner rethefe SpeBators

Then
:

"frill

be

revengd

and falling on the Ground, he

is

carry'd

which
away by
:

Conqueror commonly betroths his Sifter or Daughter to the Pri

foner,) who feemingly bemoans the Body, of which flie hath the firft Cut when
it is Drefs'd
then the old Women put the Corps into fcalding Water, in which
they let it lie till the Skin comes off; then the Owner of the Prifoner quartering
the Body, diftributes it amongft the Guefts
the pieces laid on their Gridirons
his

Wife

(for the

called Boucans, are turn'd

by the old

Women, who

up the Dripping, defiring

the Byftanders to bring more fuch Food, and with the Blood anoint the Childrens
Faces
the Meat being broyl'd every one takes a piece, and eats it up to the Bones,
which are kept as Trophies.
lick

The

do not onely thus plague one another, but they are likewife tor*
mented by an evil Spirit, which they call Aygnan and Caagerrel, if credit may be given to John Leerius a Burgundian, who relates, that he hath often feen them fweat
Brafilians

Brajiliam
molelied by

an

evil Spirit.

out of fear, and ftriking their Hands upon their Thighs, cry out, Mair autouraffap^
acequerey, Jygnan atoupaVe, that is,
my Fool, my Companion, Ifear the Devil above all Evils.

Amongft

fe vera!

Difeafes to

which

being as malignant as the French

Body being

full

X, proceeding from

<P

in the "Night

one calPd

Tians,

pe-

Difeafes

culiar to Bra

libinoufnefs, the

of Carbuncles, each about the bignefs of a Man's

whole

Thumb.

much

troubled with a Giddinefs, occafion'd by the

as alfo

with with fore Eyes, which they get by poing

Strangers in Brafile are alfo

extream Cold

Brafile is fubjetf:, there is

abroad before Sun-riiing, or after Sun*fetting.

The Palfie is alfo very common there, taking People fo fuddenly, that falling
down ftiffon the Ground, they are often in danger of loiing their Breath.
Befides thefe there are feveral other Diftempers that very much infeft <Brafile as
2
the Bloody*rlux, Droplie, Rifingof the Gall, Worms, Meazles, and St. Anthonys
Fire.

The

aged Brafdians have for the moft part great

Woods, and apply them

ther in the

and

chiefly they

know how

skill in

Herbs, which they ga-

Byafdiaas
fuccels

to the Sick both inwardly

to expel Poyfon.

and outwardly

None can perfwade them

in

caring of {?*
;

Di-.
/tempers by
veral

againft the

Medicines which they have learn'd from their Predeceffors

nay, they will rather
chufe to lofe their Lives than ufe any other and indeed they do not always fucceed

their

know-

ledge

ja

Herbs.

amifs, but often manifeftthat they underftand the Vertue of Herbs better than our
European Phyflcians.
The Learned Guilielmus Vifo relates, That he hath feen feveral

times in the

Army which

Brafdians in a fhort time

which the

Grave Maurice fent againft the fortuguefe in Brafile, that the

curM thofe Wounds with

frefh

Gums and

healing Herbs,

Netherland Chirurgeons judging paft Cure, presently advis'd the cutting

offeither the

Armor Leg

of the wounded Perfon.

Tifo adds

moreover, That he

himfelf us'd fome of Hippocrates* and Galen's Prefcriptions in Wine, for the curing
of Cancers and Swellings, which the Braftlians have made well onely with the Juice
of Tobacco. They alfo in a moment recover'd a Perfon given over by all European
I

Phyfi-

I'-

a M E %I C

6oo

with the Juice of the Root

Phyficians
fi/d their
Their manner of curing
the Sick, and

bewailing the

Dead.

Company when

he went to

call'd Jtbarandi

vifit fick

Chap. VII.

A.

wherefore he always de.

wounded Men.

or

the European, not onely in the Signs

Diftempers in America differ much from
cannot be cur'd by
in the Cure , for when a D.ftemper
of any Diftemper, but alfo
Ne.ghbors, to know i
Father or Mother fends for the
the preformed Medicines, a
anciently obthe Difeafe : which Cuftom was
they can find any means to cure
They alfo ftriftly obferve a Rule in their Diet, and

The

amongft the

ferv'd

Greeks.

Winds
out of the Sun in the Day, and cold
take care to keep the Patient
Mothers be fick, neverthelefs they leave not
Night : however, if their Fathers and
a Father,
Singing , but if the fick Perfon die, efpec.ally
off their ufual Dancing and
calling to one another with a
and cry over the Corps like Wolves,
the

they lament

Expreffions, The ftrong Man u decern d, fc

quavering Voice, and uttering thefe
Ob what ajuuk Hunter and
hi, Boufe.
many fnfoners for a braVeVmner to
fubtil

fo

fjkr

hath Death bereav'd

m of

we

{ball

fee him no more

till

our Souls are carry d be.

Vance m feg.. The Women

Lnd the high Mountains, Mere our valiant fredecejfors
their howling embrace one another,
make the greateft noife, and in the midft of
Body upright into a Grave made like a
which lafts fix hours, and then they put the

Feathers, and other things in which

Hogfhead, hanging about it divers colour'd
Relat.on
living; upon the Grave the neareft
the Deceafed delighted moft when
their evil
and Fifh, and the Liquor Cauou-m, that
place Difhes of Meat, both Flefli
away the
reconcile by thefe Offerings and not carry
Spirit call'd Jygnan, may be
they cover the Grave with the Herb
Body but when they remove from thence
up their deall Brafitian,, for- fome eat
findl' This Cuftom is not obferv'd by

ceafed Relations.

Sect.
Grave Maurice

bis Account

the

fo far as

afik

it

XIII.

of Braille, fo far as

it

concern'

Weft-India Company.

concerns the WeU-hdia

Company,

extends from the Rivet

St. Salvador, to Maragnan :

which divides Serena and the Lordfhip of
Sea-Coaft thirty two Leagues, and was
S'eresma it fclf reaches along the
Garros Cardofo,
Spam's Jurifdicf ion by Chriftovan de
firft brought under the King of
Countrey, invited many
who being order'd by the King of Spain to Plant this new
Sugar.Mills, and a Town confiding or
People from St. Salvador, who built four
but the Town being de.
Sheds for Cattel
a hundred Houfes, and four hundred
Rubbifh and the Cattel either fell into the
ftroy'd, hath nothing left but Heaps of
by Tygers , the Inhabitants fled back to
tietberlanders hands, or were devour'd
have prevented the rebuilding of it.

<LJ

Sc. Salvador

The

fertility

of Per nam
bitco.

fernambuco

Many troubles
may for its fruitfulnefs

ftand in competition with

any Place

in the

fandy and ftonie. The Fields

World, except in thofe parts where the Soil is
the Ocean and
the Woods, Deer and Fowl
feed abundance of excellent Cattel ,
Couninhabited but eight Leagues into the
Rivers, all manner of good Fifh. It is
more convenient it is for Import.ng and
trey becaufe the nearer the Sea, the
by reafon of their fmall number,
Exporting of Goods , neither could the Tortuguefe,
they found gteat refiftance from the
fpread themfelves farther, as alfo in regard
Sugar-Mills between the River Grande
iraptians. The Negro's that work in the
Verde, Mina, Angola, Ardra and
and Francifco, amount to four thoufand. The Cape
;

in a year, to fupply the

CaUbaria, generally provide three thoufand

Sick, or thofe that run

number

of the

away.
b E C Td

ME

zA

ro.

.Sec
The

the Continent of America,

6 01

Expedition undertaken by

wheof removed

Gyffeling

Brafile as concerns

Company have

divided into

is

pppa, fernambuco, Itamarica, <Parayba,

Inhabitants

J.

XIV.

t.

lHat part of Brafile which the Weft-India

The

DufTenV %jUtion of fo much of

the Weft-India Company.

CounceHor

Arms on

-2^_

<%jo

Counties,

Vfcfc

Sere*

Grande, and Star a.

and Scbuppe made

to the Coafl Todos

fix

fubdu'd by force of

Seregjppa defolate,

the

Sanfios.

los

Alio Siara, which the fortuguefe formerly poiTefs'd, was thinly inhabited, and
Lad a mean Fortrefs there, whither fome few Brafilians came now and then to the
JStytherlanders afliftance.

(pernambuco,

Countrey

lying between the Rivers Francifco and Tamarica, excells the other

and pleafantnefs. The

in fruitfulnefs

<Brafilians compare it to a hollow

Rock, under which frefii Water flows.
Moreover, Pernambuco hath feveral Havens vi*> the outermoft Road before (2(e.
cijfa, which being in the open Sea, is fomewhat dangerous, but the innermoft
is
3

fecure againft all Storms

Hav
avcns
'

of
ambuce.

Promontory St. Augufiine, where the Mouth

of the Haven is narrow and dangerously reafon of the Rocks and mallow Grounds;
the Ifland Alexio

is

very

alfo at the

fit

to Grain Ships in

Barra Grande hath a large and fafe

Inlet, convenient for all

manner of VefTels,

yet

it is

inferior to Cororipa

Havens Jaragoa and franco are very eminent.

Amongft the Rivers, the chief are Jangades,Smnhain,

laftly, the

rigibi, Antonio, Michael,

and

Francifco.

<Pemambuco alfo is.divided

Igara^ti

the fecond

Pormofa, Porto Qiho, Cama* Rliters:

'into fix

and biggeft,

Caho } the fifth, the Jlagoas

of tpernambucQ on the South.
Vernambuco alfo boafts five

Olinda

and the

Towns,

alfo belongs \eciffa, Bella fojuca,

Jurifdidions

and

firft

the third, Serinhain

fixth,

yi K.

the

mod

and
.

%io Francifco, which

ancient

the fourth, fond

is

the

The

and others are alfo not inferior to

The Countrey is for the moftpart Hilly, but

Jntonio, Jmaro,

is

which

Villages Moribeca, St. Laurence,

little

Towns.

exceeding fruitful in the Val-

and near the Rivers, efpecially in Sugar-Canes.

Here are alfo a hundred and twenty Sugar-Mills, of which a great number
ftand
Hill for want of Ifygro's.

leys,

N^xt fernambuco

Tamarica,

which hath onely one Haven, one City, and

twenty three Sugar-Mills, of which thirty are onely employed.
This Ifland pro*
duces excellent Grapes and Melons, yet is for the mod part barren,
by reafon of the
lies

Pifmires.

The Countrey

farayba hath

its

Denomination from the River which waflieth

on the Banks thereof ftand twenty

being deep, and without any Rocks or Sands

Sugar.Mills, two of which are ftill ftandincr.

it,

In the Lordfliip of (^ioGr W?ftands the Town Tuntael,

whofe Buildings were
ruin'd in the Wars . after which the Inhabitants
had leave to build them another

City on a

fruitful Soil.

The Countrey

hereabouts us'd formerly to be very full of CatteJ, but was not

onely bereav'd thereof by the Hollanders and
fortuguefe, but alfo for the mod pan

made

defolate*

lii

Boundary

Garafu, Olinda, Maurice-ftadt, to

Fortnofa.

is

The

Towns of
Pernamhuco;

:.

a M E%1 c

6oz
The River which

waflies the Caftlc Ceulen, affords

for all forts of Veffels.

ThisLorddiipof^oGM^eboafts onely two

cay'd

convenient and

fafc

Harbor

Sugar-Mills, or which one

is

de*

which belong to the JVeftJndia Company,

Sugar.Mills conftantly employ 'd, befides forty fix which

fo that in allthofe Parts in ftrafie

hundred and

are a

Chap. VIL

A.

fixty

are about repairing.

It is fcarce to

be reckoned

how much

Sugar they make yearly,

Seafons, as alfo the more or lefs

through the alterations of the annual
and in one place, more than in another.
Fields, they produce one year,
and Slaves the Slaves are
are of two forts, vi*. free People,

in reaard,

fruitful

The

Inhabitants

which laft
abfolv'd from their Oaths, and accame in of their own accords, or elfe were
ready to venture their Lives and Eftates,
quitted from their Martial Offices ; yet are
their Freedom againft their Enemies.
and to Serve either on Foot or Horfeback for
on their own Accounts, drive a
Thofc that went from the Netherlands to Brafik

African Tigris,

and the othcrs > l& therlanders > prtuguefes, or

<Brajilians

keep Inns, and follow Handicraft Faculties Sugar.Mills 5 others live on Tilling
fome of which, when grown rich, buy Parts in
inhabited, and full of Houwhich feveral forts of People %eciffa is very well

Trade or Serve the Traders, or

by

elfe

all

fes,

which yield great Rents, and are held

at

high Prices

wherefore Grave Maurice

the Me Antonio Faes, which were

thought good to mark out pieces of Ground on
infomuchthat in a fliort time a new Cifold for a confutable Sum of Money,
was built on the fame, and inclos'd within ftrong Bulwarks
called

Maunce.ftadt

ty

yea, notwithstanding the

Rumor of

a great Sfanifh Fleet in

fome meafure abated the

to the Fort
Courage of the Builders, yet the City was extended down
crofs which they go from
Bewick, and a brave Bridge laid over the Stream mheribi,
greater efteem than Handicrafts,
%mjfa to Antonio Vaes y where no People were in
which is remen, who could get their ten or twelve Shillings a day. The Labor
but- the JS[egros. Of the
quir'd in the Sugar.Mills, no Men are able to undergo
others lately came hither, being
TortHguefe fome have Ilv'd here a confutable time
mod of them Jrts\ of whom there live a great many at fyciffa, and are very diliFrederick

and are kept very

gent in promoting of Trade They polTefs feveral Sugar-Mills,
their
much under \ their whole ftudy and contrivance is for Gain 5 they conceal
to
as alfo their Covetoufnefs, yet are mortal Enemies
:

Hatred againft the Cbriftiam,

the Hollanders.

The

Brafilians,

from
of them

are the ancient Inhabitants, live apart

who

forty or fifty
other People in their Villages, confifting of long Straw Huts,
Houfhold-fturTbut
under one Roof ileeping on woven Hammocks . they efteem no

Nets and

Cahbajhes, ufing thefirft to

fifti

with, and the other to drink out of; about

in
Huts they plant Mandihoka and Profile Trees ; when they are not employ'd
they
in Idlcnefs
the Wars, they fpend moft of their time in Hunting, but many
night and
efteem wild Fruits better than thofe which are Planted ; they Drink
TajoVis
?
day, making their Liquor of the dhewM JLopt Mantihoka, or the Apples

their

they efteem nothing fo

they would not value

much as ftrong Drink, and to wear Linnen next their Skins 5

Money, could they but get Brandy and Spanijh Wine with-

Reward, they will not work. Each Village,

who
nay Houfe, hath its peculiar Governor but befides him there is a Hollander,
ftirsuptheldleto work, and takes care that the Owners of the Sugar-Mills do
out

it

if

they are not promis'd a

They never fuffer themfelves to be Hir'd for above twenty days,

them no injury
employ'd to
at the end whereof they demand their Wages } they are commonly
chop Wood to boyl the Sugar with but by reafon of the fcarcity of eg, they
themfelves ; as
are often made ufe of for other Bufinefs, which to avoid they hide
:

alfo

when

they arc to go to Fight

they are hard to be kept in Ranks, for they will

5

run

*A

Chap. VII.
run out of

own

their

ME%_IC A.

6o>y

Fylc into another on the leaft occafion

him, and fpare none

ut if they

They

put their

regard the

Enemy

to flight, they piirfue

fbriftian

Religion, yet lome of them have learn'd the Lord's Grayer and the Creed of

the

Roman

many

verted very

The

The

Priefts.

alive.

Minifter Davil having learn'd the

little

of them, and Baptiz'd them in their Villages.

Wotnerx and Children ufually go to Wars with

firafdian

Tongue, Con-

Brafilian

their

Husbands

and Fathers.

The

Brafilian Slaves

were. Tome years fince bought of the Tapuyans, or

Slaves, becaufe they atfifted BoudeTfryn Henrickf%oon,

he

Landed

in the Inlet Tra*

but they have fince obtain'd their Freedom of the Portuguefe.

lufon

when

Slaves can undergo greater

The

Bra/He

Labor than any

Wood grows generally

made

The

Jngolan

other.

ten or twelve Leagues

up

in the

Countrey

Woods, but amongft other Trees.

The Juno's, when the Sugar-Mills work not, are employ'd in pulling off the
white Bark, three Fingers thick, from the Tree, which bears dark-green Leaves,

from

the Sea, not in particular

fmall and prickly at the ends, and hanging on thin Stalks, but bearing neither Blof-

foms nor

Fruit.

Ofnabrig

Linnen

is

highly efteetrfd amongft the Bra/Mans, as alfo colour'd Wax,

Copper, Tin, Wine, Beer, Butter, Cheefe,Meal, Stock-fifti, Pork, Hung-beef, and
Gammons of Bacon.
The fapifis Teach and obferve their Religion in publick, their Spiritual Men
being divided into Priefts and Monks 5 the Monks confift of Francifcans, Carmelites y

and BenediBines ; the Francijcans being the mod eminent, poflefs fix fair Cloyfters,
befides which they have neither Land nor other Revenues, but live on what is given them daily
bain,

and

their Cloyfters ftand in Frederick*/} adt, Iguaraca, OUnda^Tojuca, Serin-

Antonio

many more

But

Vau.

in Frederkk-ftadt

the Qarmelites have three Structures &<Parayba,

and

Olinda,

where they

live plentifully

on what they

reap from Tillage, Rents of Houfes, and Legacies of deceafed Perfons.

ditlins,

though they

poflefs onely

two

The

'Bene*

Cloyfters, one in Frederichfiadt , and the other

at Olinda, yet they have the greateft Income from the Sugar-Mills of Muferapa, and
the Countrey about Tarayba, as alfo Cattel and Cane-Fields.
the firft rais'd
^eciffa, the Seat of War, hath t?wo Hornworks towards Olinda j
with Stone, defends the Haven with feven Brafs Demi*Culverins ; the other lies

oppofite to the River

filbert,

hath a ftrong Rail about

der^houfe ftand

On

two

it,

and hath five Brafs and two Iron Guns. %eciff& alfo
and many Guns plac'd in good order. Near the Pow-

Batteries with Guns,

the Shore towards Qlinda, lies the Stone Caftle

to the Haven, fortifi'd with a

The

Water-Caftle, built round,

the Stone Cliff,

to,

and go from

The

Bulwark and

which makes an

rifes

Inlet,

Sujms, on

thirteen Iron

a Hill oppofite

Guns.

out of the Sea, and ftands at the end of

through which the Ships

Sail that

come

<3{ecijfa.

Fort Bruine hath four Points, feven Brafs Guns, and Pallifados round

about.

Somewhat

farther

is

the

Redoubt

call'd The Lady Bruine,

which hath two Brafs

Guns.

The Caftle Waerdenbcrgh, built before the Mouth of the River Qtpivaribi, in
Bay made by the River Biberibi, hath three Points, each rais'd fquare, becaufe
Bulwark towards JntonioVaes, cannot be
funk away.
The Fort Ermftus ftands on the North-fide of
fourth

finifh'd,

the
the

by reafon the Earth

Maurice -fladt,

on

and as

is

the Ifland An*

tomg

ft**:

AMERICA.

6o^.

imm

That

Fae K.

part of the City

Horn.work

Points and a double

II

Chip. VII

which

it is

refpefts the Fort, lies

open, with five
the more fecure from any
Invafion

becaufe
overflowed at High-water.
On the Horn-work ftand
eight Brafs Guns , but the four Redoubts along the
River Ca^aribi are decay'd
The fquare Fort <Pr,nce William, ftanding in a low Ground not
far from the River
Afogadot, hath four Bulwarks, and is inclos'd with a
high Wall and ftrong
Pallif
do's
the Church appearing above all other Houfes
in the Caftle, may
be feen at
the Countrey round about

is

Olinda,

Defcription

Maunce.ftadt lies pleafantly along the River

B.beribi, and is waftTd behind
bv the
River C-fi^i; I. hath a large Wharf,
a brave Magazine, a French
Church/ and
a Guild-hall : The Buddings are not
altogether fo high as thofe in %eaga,
where
they are commonly three Stories, becaufe
the Ground is very dear

of Mrurice
fhdt.

Grave Maurice's Court lying oppofite

to %ec,ffa, on the Shore of
Bibtribi,
from the middle of a Garden with two high
Towers.

the

rifes

ftk ErnefiU iS a P0 " erS Kiln and

on the o*er fide, near the
*
>
r
T
r
o
Fort FredenckHennck kycn Wells,
and fome Moraffes, and towards the
Water-

lide, a

Stone Battery.

The

Forts of Bra

Fort Orange at:th e Southern Mouth

of the Haven, hath,
a ftrong Pallifado, four Bulwarks,
and

(ik.

Moats

the Church, and the Battery before the

On

fortuguefe.

by reafon of its dry

twelve Guns. The Bulwarks about

Haven,

alfo fecures

ScL^ftadi

rh

Battery ftand nine Iron and two Brafs Guns.

Entrance of the Haven appears a Tower
with three Guns.
The Fort Margareta hath two Brafs and forty Iron
Guns

Qfjtdta, furrounded with Pallifado'.,

rifes

the River.

aftle J

At

againft the

the

Northern

near a fandy Point in the middle

of
*

'

i0

W3(h dh
y

:f

'

en
ently a
ftrong to defend

TheFrmci/can

it

the S "> hath onely one

againft an

Tower, but

that fuffici-

Enemy.

Cloyfter, ftrengthned by a

Wall and Earthen Works, fervein

more fecure by reafon of a Ha f-Moon
'
of the Haven.

ead of a Caftle to Frederick-fiadt,

and is the
Moats, Rails, and a Battery at the
Mouth
ft

The ftonie

Fortification o(Cekn lies near

the Sea.

of the Northern

To

All thefe are the Fortreffes

jv*i
'

Srafile.

"

the

Southward of %,/. appears the

Promontory St. Augufiine, where the
Haven ,s fecur d by the Forts Vander
T>uffe, Umburgh, and a Stone Battery.
Vmo Calvo ,s fortifi'd by a Caftle, built on a
fteep Hill forty Foot high,

mi

'

K :''"

Commands

the Ferry of %u,FraiK

ifc*, and is built on a high
five Bulwarks, the lowermoft
Plain is overflow'd

and ftfteep Hill, with

Knnr
rT",
not GAA*
luddenly
fi,
i.

pp

Stote - ho

bv the

hereabouts are

ill

furniflr'd,

and

be fear'd, that a great Famine will follow,

as al.
ma y thank the faint-heartednefs of the Enemy
that it

y 'd, 'tis to

a"d

WC

Zuinr
T"'
incieasd
no more.

iiath

The Militia

TU

a'

diftributed into all the Forts or

Villages, that fo they may the beter procure their
Provifions, watch the approach
of the Spaniards, and p event all
ncroach-mem, of the Enemy.
In Manna Caftle are five hundred
and forty Men
is

CalZTT'
A?*
C,Hfourhundred
and

SL ZAT
&

eighty

>

thtMm

in Serinhain, feven

l*T &T*>
ra

'

hundred and forty

;

the Fort Tnnce

4i

i-he

thtce
i

in O'narigib,

hundred an

f eighty

and <Pom

hundred and feventy

in foiuca

*e Promontory^

in the Caftle Vander

Vujfen, a

Tr !*WMa

IS,M
twenty
;i"two m
,

tW hundred nin y

ad S

th

like

Village St. Laurence, four hundred and

m> two hundred and

fixty three

in Fredenck

Henrkk,

ga*.rt, t; j)

-|

-|-

r,j^e>mmkshJtt^tA

60^
ton'n

Poi
the
eigl
r

do'

Oik
Dcicription
of

MYnrice-

f^

(hJt.

a C
the
1

fro

For
fick
Forts of Bra*
fill.

Mo
the
<?or,

En!

the

i
em'
r

ilea

Mo
r

oft

and

Riv
if

rea(

hat]

ter

Inci
in

Cah
twe
hun
nun
twe

CI

mi
:c

>->,.

ma

...

Chap. VII.

*A

two hundred and

Henrickj hath
<$ecijfa,

two hundred and

E%^1

thirty

605

Enuftm, two hundred and eighty 5 in

in the Cafile:Bri?/e,a hundred and twenty

in

feventy feven

C J.

in Orange,
in Iguara^a, ninetythrec
hundred and ninety three
ill Frederick-ftadt,
in Goyana, a hundred and fixty five
a hundred and eighty two
one ; in the Fort Margareta, three hundred and fixty in the CaAle
sl hundred and
Siara is defended
in jfntonip Vaes lies Grave Maurice's Guard
feulen eighty eight
five

in Ol'tnda, a

by

forty

whole Power

fo that the

too weak a number to

Men

refift

confifts of fix

the

Enemy

thoufand one hundred and eighty

both by Land and Sea

nay, had he

Companies Concerns in <Brafile would long fince have

been in a low Condition for the Spanijb Fleet which came lately from Qadis, carry'd three thoufand Men, befides feven hundred which they brought from St. Salthe Duke of Bagnola was alfo ready with two thoufand fortuguefes, and a
vador
thoufand <Brafilians, to joyn with the Seamen, and expected alfo as great a number
had Courage,

the Weft-India
;

from farayba,
Oath taken in

fernambuco, Seregippa, Itamarica, ^io Grande, and Siara, contrary to the

Bay Todos los Santlos,

hath hitherto done nothing, except the fending of feveral Companies into the
Qmntrey, to rob and pillage the Braftlian Villages. Moreover, the Mulatto's and
Negro's do great mifchief up and down, and fo much the more, becaufe they go
and come along private Ways, through which none can follow them. Moft of the
Ships being badly fitted, are fcarce able to keep the Sea ; and the Soldiers want
%ecijfa

'

But the SpaniftVket keeping

clofe to the

Clothes exceedingly. The City St. Salvador keeps the Countrey in a continual
Alarm, fo that five thoufand Men are requir'd to conquer it Eighteen great
Sea
Ships, and as many Ketches, befides leffer VefTels, ought to be fent thither, the
:

being

of Pyrats. The

foil

common

Treafury

is

fo

much behind-hand,

that

none

can receive any Pay. The Owners of the Sugar-Mills will not deliver any Sugar
without ready Money, becaufe of the Netherlander s removal from thence.
This Relation of the Affairs of the Netherland Weft-India Company in Brafile, was
deliver'd to

them

in Writing

by Pander

T)uf[en.

Vefcriptionof the Talace rcybuvgh, two "Bridges, and a Han**

quetting^houfe, all built by

Mauricehdoxt
G%ave
River
along
the

moft

Grave Maurice.

coming away from

his

'Biberibi,

Brafile, built a pleafant

before the Fort Brneflus on Jntonio Vaes

Work whereof was

(haded by a double

Row of Coco-Trees,

Palace

the out*

and had
t

Pond

full

of all forts of Fifti

and not

far

from thence, on one

fide, a

fecond en-

near it a Garden, curicompafs'd a Coney-Warren, which refpeded a Pell-mell

oufly divided into round Parterres, which led into a long Park of 4&fove-Trees
and at the end a great Dove-houfe. Next the River flood a large Stable, on one
;

<

and a KitchinGarden, wherein was

a large Spot full of Orange-Trees, a row of Vines, which bore Grapes every three
Moneths, and a delightful Walk, befet on each fide with Lime^Trees. On the
other fide of this Palace flood a Banquetting-houfe, near a row of Pome-granate

fide

whereof was

a Field to

whiten Linnen

in,

Trees, and another of Fig and Cittron*Trees.

Behind the Palace was a Fifli-pond

Dove-houfe alfo appear'd near the Fort Erneftm,

where the Negro's watch'd the Horfes, and led them to Water in a FiOipond in a
large Wood. Before the Palace appear'd a Stone Pallifado, which like a HalfMoon ran into the River. The Palace it felf rofe with two Towers, one of

with two

which

lies, for

ferv'd for a

the Swans.

Sea-mark,

Moreover,

''

6o6
Moreover,

Gyarve Maurice

M E T^I C

extended

A.

new City to

his

Chap. VII.
the Fort Frederick Henrick

cfi*

vided the Moraflie Grounds by feveral Moats, and laid a Bridge crofs the River
(Biberibi, between %zc\ffa and the City Maurice, arid another crofs the Stream
Capivaribi,

between the

In the time

faid

when

among the

putcd

City Maurice and the Main- Land..

Jlbuoueroue Govern'd

Portuguefe,

whether

it

'Brafile

were not

and caufing the Inhabitants to remove to

for the

King of Spain,

it

was Dif-

requifite to defert the City Olinda,

fame with a Bridge to the

Ifle Jntonio Vats, becaufe thofe Places are almoft invincible, and
much more con*
venient for Ships than Olinda ? But the Hollanders furpris'd them on a fudden,
before
ffijeiffajoyn the

they could bring the Bufinefs to pafs, and after a while profecuted the fame
Defign
themfelves.
Grave

Mau-

rut his ftately

Bridge ever
the

River

Sihriii.

Grave Maurice fpent twenty four thoufand Guilders in laying a Bridge

over the

River

'Biberibi,

between

%eciffa

and

Antonio Vaes*

Having

rais'd

juft fifteen

Stone

Columns from the Ground, they came to the deepeft part of the River Antonio Vaes
when the Architect began to defpair of accomplifhing the fame, becaufe the
Ground lay deep under Water, and the Stream ran very fwift Thofe which
dwelt
:

at %eciffa cry'd, That they had undertaken a Bufinefs which was not in the
poller
effect,

and that there was above ten thoufand found already fpent

in this fort they

Houfes

in

of

Man

to

Vain on fifteen Tillars

began to clamor againft Grave Maurice, efpecially the Owners of

in %eciffa,

who

forefaw that

many would remove from

fantlfle Antonio Vaes, as foon as the Bridge

was

finiih'd

after

thence to the plea-

which

would be at low Rates. But GraVe Maurice judging that

upon him, if the Bridge fliould be left half finifh'd, caus'd

the

Houfes in

%eciffa

the Difgrace

fall

at his

Charge, huge pieces of lafting Timber to be cut, forty and

fifty

own

would
proper

Foot long, and fo

ramm'd into the Ground, fome ftreight, others floaping, to fupport the reft-, and
in two Moneths fmifh'd the fame.
On the firft day after this new Bridge was
compleated, there went fo many People over it, that the Toil which they
paid,
amounted

to above

60

1.

Sterl.

and was

after that

Farm'd

twenty eight thou*

fand Guilders yearly, a Citizen that pafs'd over the fame being to pay
2
and a
Negro or Soldier 1 d. but a Horfeman paid 4 d. and a -Cart or Wayn
d.
for

Another over the River

Cafivstribi.

Since this GraVe Maurice built a fecond Bridgt crofs the River Capivaribi,
which
joyn'd Antonio Vae^ to the Main Continent. This Bridge being eighty
fix Rods

long of durable Timber, was finifh'd

His Pleafure.
houfe Ben.i*

in feven

Weeks.

Moreover Grave Maurice built a pleafant Banquetting-houfe, call'd

Bonavifta, at
his own Charge before the faid Bridge, from whence he could
fee the Palace Freyburgh, Olinda, the Fort Emeftus, Maurice-ftadt, %eciffa, the French

Church, the Ships

Harbors, and alfo the Caftle Frederick Henrick.
This Banquettincr-houfe
hath at each corner a Turret, and in the middle thereof a fpacious Room,
in the

crown'd

with a

fair

Terrace.

CHAP.

'

w>.
'

.3-hi.yiuS

Tons

'triia^aum,
dtauriiioOUs

Co. for tun.

ton*- vi/as

'jPa&tfcutTL.

Catiarilt-

Domtts oariftu.,Jivv

Cajb-tim,

-Recyfe

Crneflir&e&- 'ZUnrtti.

Tfiwcs jrortu tonJenft

OlinJ*- emituis vifa

'

'

Chap. VIII.

<U

M E%^1 C

A.

6oy

.aiiiiiiiii

C HA

P.

VIII.

G uiana,
NOrthward of Brafile

overagainft Maragnan, lieth the

Countrey of Guiana
not improbably fuppos'd to be fo call'd from
the River Wia, one of
the
principal Rivers of the Province, which
yet is faid to have more and
fairer
than any other part of
befides
It is by fome call'd The
mid Co*/}, for what
xeafon >s uncertain, it being found to be a
very

Jmma

Description
of Guiana.

fruitful

and pleafant Countrey

Bounded on the Eaft, With the Jtkntick Ocean,

or Mare
Weft w,th fome und.fcover'd mountainous Countreys,
which
the Ante, on the North it hath the great
River Orenoaue
ft

Situation and

.s

that of the Amazons, or Orellana

which

laft

Name,

nves from Francifco Orellana, who is faid to have

ft was anciently call'd Tolo, Topoi, and
Tapera.

firft

as

we have

difcover'd

^rdt

on the

on that fide of
and on the South

.,

del
lie

faid before

it

in the

Year

it

de'

, j

<t

This Countrey lieth on both fides of the JEauaUr,

extended from the fourth
Degree of Southern Latitude, to the eighth Degree
of Northern, yet enjoyeth a
temperate and good Air, not oppreffed with any
exceffive Heat
which is chiefly
attributed to the Breezes, "or Eafterly
Winds, almoft perpetually about
Noon
blowing upon it. Towards the Sea-fide it is for
the moft part a flat and level
Countrey in the more Inland parts mountainous
and fwell'd with Hills, but in all
it u generally of fuch a rich and
fertile Soil, that for Fruits,
or any outward Commoditiesof the Earth, It yields not to any other
Province of the Neu, World, but ra.
ther far excelleth the moft, having as it
were a continual Summer, without
Win.
ter or Autumn, the Trees never
uncloth'd or made bare, Fruits
always ripe or
growmg to maturity, the Meadows and Paftures always
verdant and green and
as we faid, fo excellently well water'd
with Rivers, that no Countrey in
the World
feems comparable to it in this refpecT:. But fince
the feveral Occurrences of
Orella.
na s Expedition will give much light to the
more particular knowledge of thele
Parts, we thought good to infert this following
Relation
;

thereof.

Sect.

A Relation

II.

of the foumey of Francifco Orellana.

5

Francifco

Orellana travelling

with Gonfabo <P, arro from Quito, to find

K
out the
Countrey Cund.rumarca (where the Natives,
according to the information of
"lema "> went Arm d ^th
Golden Plates) he came after a crreat
/rf
a
fthardjh.p
ieal of
to the River Maranon, where

?J

his fick

'

and ma.med

and o Orellana,

Men

whom

he

<Pi^rro building a Brigantine, put all

into the fame, asalfoallhis

commanded

Baggage under the

Com-

to forage for

fome Provifions, of which

want but Orellana was in
ew days driven down fo far, that he fawno hopes
of getting up again in a years
ime and Engagd daily with the India**, which
came aboard of him In little Boats.
c aft he went alhore and concjuer'd
a.Village, in which
:he

Army

that

was

to follow along the Shore, had

great

he found Provifions.fome
and Gems of great value : not long after
which he was in great danger, by
:alon ofa River, which with great
force/ell into the Channel in which he Sail'd,
.old,

and

'

6cS

AMERICA.

>

Chap. VIII.

and forYhe fpace of two hundred Leagues faw neither Man nor Houfe Next Landin^ at a Village, he was by the Governor thereof Prefented with Turtles, Par*
:

tridges, Fifh,

and other Provifions, and

alfo forewarn'd of the valiant

Women,

the

Going from hence, he met for eighty

Leagues together, nothing but fleep and craggy Mountains on each fide of the
Shore, infomuch that he could not Land any where for Provifions. Next coming
to the inhabited Province Machiparo, he was fiercely affaulted for two days and
two nights, by the Cafique jiomagua, who purfu'd him with feveral Boats Not
long after having conquer'd a Village, out of which ran feveral trodden Paths into
the Countrey, he came to a River, in the Mouth whereof there lying three Ifles, he
gave it the Denomination of La Trinidad, which wafheth a fruitful Coafl, along

JmazpJies,

which they

Camapuyara.

call'd

which

Somewhat

Sail'd divers fmall Veffels.

farther in the River Trinidad flood a

Village and Banquetting-houfe, where OreUam took abundance of Provisions, SiU

ver, Gold, and Earthen Ware curioufly Glazxl and Painted, but judged it very ha-

zardous to travel

far into the

Countrey by the

common High. ways, in

regard of the

multitudes of People that frequented them, to whofe Civility he durfl not truft;
therefore Sailing from hence a hundred Leagues farther, he

belonging to the Lord of Paguana,

who

came

to the

Countrey

Entertain'd him, and Prefented

civilly

manner of good Fruit, which the

Countrey affords in great abundance. After this on his Lar-board fide he difcover'daRiver, whofe being black like Ink, and difemboguing into another, difcohe alfo faw feveral Villour'd the Water thereof for the fpace of twenty Leagues
lages, and at lafl found the Stream to be fo broad, that he could not fee from one

him with Sheep, not

unlike the Peruvians, and

all

Shore to the other

none but

Women

he took one of the Villages without any refiflance, there being

in the

Huts, whither the

Men came

towards the Evening.

Near

another Village he efpy'd feven Heads flicking upon Poles, from whence the Pro-

from whence ran feveral pav'd

Ways, on each fide planted with Trees, into the Countrey; where Landing, he
furnifh'd himfelf with Maify Turtles, Geele, and Parrots, and at Can Ifland took
an American Prifoner, who inform'd him, that he was in the Ama^ones Jurifdiction,
and that up in the Countrey liv'd a People not unlike the Spaniards, amongfl whom
were two white Women, brought thither up the River by a Lord. Going farther
he faw divers Villages on each fide of him, and at laft Landing in a little Town,
he found plenty of Oats, Liquor made of Oats, Cotton, Linnen, a Temple hung
round about with Arms, and two Epifcopal Miters of divers colours. Near a Promontory jutting out into the River, the Tide went fo ftrong, that he was not able
vince receiv'd the Denomination

De

las

Picotas,

Land
upon the Point flood feveral fair Buildings, where were alfo white
"Women, of a big flature, w$h long Hair, who animated the Men to fight. This
to

Countrey, which extends

itfelf a

hundred and

fifty

Leagues along the Shore, with

and Champain, and well inhabited, being difcover'd on

St. John sDay, was call'd The Province De San Juan
which leaving, he came to feve*
ral Ifles, the biggefl whereof extended fifty Leagues in length, all of them Handing on high Ground, pleafant, and full of People, who in Boats, by them call'd

Hills, Paflure>Grounds,

(Periaguesj valiantly

Engag'd with the Spaniards

but one of them not long after be-

ing taken Prifoner, inform'd them, that the Jma^pnes dwelt in Stone Houfes, Wall'd

Towns, had

plenty of Silver and Gold, and four (lately

Plates, Dedicated to the Sun.

a Coafl belonging to the

But

Orellana Sailing a

hundred Leagues farther,along

Lord of Caripuna, according

Inhabitants hereabouts (hot abundance of poyfon'd

they

made

fliift

to efcape

Temples enrich'd with

to the Prifoners Relation, the

Arrows

at the Spaniards,

but

them, and Sailing within fight of Land into the Bay

of

Aux
"NIjl s

sovii.

Jhks

-3&.VLS

i jiaicTie. Jtui^

AMERICA.

Chap. VIII.

6o 9
AnnO

otTaria, they came to an Anchor before the Ifland Qiibugua^

had been eight hundred Leagues.

Qrellana informing the Spanifi? Court of

mand of

the Province

his

541

after they

Com*

Adventures, defir'd the chief

of thz Amazones, which

after earneft Solicitations

The Expki-

he ob-,22,

and accordingly fetting Sail from St. Lucar, he went to the Ifland Temrijff
with three Ships and five hundred Men, where he ftay'd three Moncths, and two
on Cape de Ferd. On Tenerijjf feveral of his Men ran from him, and on Cape de Verd

tain'd,

lie

bury'd ninety eight, and

fifty lick

left

behind him

yet he Steer'd to Brajile,

where, meeting with contrary Winds, he had undoubtedly perifh'd for lack of

Showers of Rain had not fupply'd his Wants, one of his Ships
carrying fevetuy Men and eleven Horfcs,was never heard of, with the other two he
Sail'd by &dxos de San^oque, and from thence a hundred Leagues Northwardly beyond Maragnan, where a great way off at Sea they found frefti Water, in which
if the great

Water,

got between the

into the River

De

where he
Bartered for Provisions, Sail'd two Leagues up the River, and came to an Anchor
before a few Huts, but flenderly ftor'd with Provisions, where he fpent three
Moneths in breaking up one of his Ships, and building a Ketch, In the mean time
Orettano Steering,

feven of his

fifty

Ship

Seamen dy'd.

to build a

Arm

ards fetled themfelves,

as his

The

a Breadth of

and

its

the

Qm*

Maribique and

difembogue into the River Amazynesj which there

but wanting Provifions, and the Men being too weak
to the fruitful Ifland Comao,

the reft going

down with

the

where

Barque to

hundred

Spani-

find out QrellanaHe

Wife inform'd them, dy'd with Grief.

Englijh

charges

Ifles

three great Rivers to

was twelve Leagues broad

to go farther, they came back

who,

he fpenc

of the River Ama^ones

Weeks, and going beyond the

finifh'd in ten

Thus

Barque of the Wreck.

thirty days in vain to find the fore-mention'd

Barque being
tan, found the

j4ma%ones ,

las

Sailing twenty Leagues farther, he loft his beft

whereupon he gave order

Ifles

and

fifty

lS(ethey landers,

who

dies with

Grief.

Sail'd hither after the Spaniards left off, afcribe

or fixty Leagues to the

Water with fuch force into

Mouth of

the

the Ama^pne River,

Northern Ocean,

that

it

which

keeps

its

dif*

colour

above thirty Leagues, according to the ocular teftimony of Captain HarThe Weftern Point, by the Netberlanders call'd The North Cape, runs with a

tafte

court.

long Slip of low Land into the Sea, into which more North-Wefterly fall the
Streams Taponnowyny Arowary, Arjkary Qaffepouri, and Wiapoca^ fome of them wafli
,

great Wildernefies full of Trees

others glide between pleafatu

;

Eighty Leagues up the Ama^one River the

Vluftingers

Meadows.

have built a Fort

call'd

on the narrow Ifland Cogemines, which is twenty Leagues long, and feparated from the Shore by a Creek, and feven Leagues farther, on another Ifle, the Fore
Orange from which two Forts they Trade with the Natives, Arowaccas and Apebows,
l^affaw,

bartering European Trifles for

Tobacco

Cotton

Sugar,

Gums, and

feveral

Tinctures.

Anno

1595. fending Captain Eiflnr from Wiapoco to Leonard sir Walter

R.akigh fends
%agapo, fome years before Baptiz'd in England, and then Governor of the Province f^er to diicover Coojhj
Coojhebery, lying between the Amaz^ne River and JVapoco, he receiv'd Fifier very ci* ^ProSir Walter %aleigb,

villy^

and conducted him

Qfibob,

on whofe top

is

fifty

a deep Pool, full of well tafted Fifli,

in the

Moreover, the Province Coofiebery

moft in delightful Fields and Woods.

monds.

TheTUvcr

and furrounded with

which 'Raleigh took the more notice of, becaufe the

Eaji-lndies where thefe Stones are found, inclofes alio Dia*

the glittering Stones Topa^

fame Ground

Leagues up into the Countrey, to the Mountain

rifes

with pleafant Hills, but confifts

Jracawo, falling into the Inlet Wiapoco, difembogues alfo with the

Kk k

fame

Yince,

ME%1 C

*A

6lQ

fame between the Capes Orange and

Mod of the Rivers

The Taps

in Guiana lie full

Chap. VIII.

A.

Comariboo, into the

of

Ifles,

Northern Ocean.

and cannot be Navigated

far,

by

reafon of the great Water-falls.

ThtYayos, who inhabit on the Banks of the fore-mention'd River, are People of
for
they catch Fifh after a ftrange manner
good Difpofition, and go naked
they onely throw the ftrong fmelling Wood Ayaw in the Water, which works Co
upon the Fifh, that they fuffer themfelves to- be caught with the Hand. The well*
known American Root QaffaVi ferves them for Bread, being bak'd in round Cakes
.

on hot Stones
moft

chew

like ftale

of the Cakes they alio make the Liquor ferrinoe, which taftes alBeer, and is prepar'd by old Women and little Children, which

the Cajfari,

and

fpit the

fame into a Pot

of Water, which having ftood

full

a while, they ftrain the fame through a Cloth, and

fet it

working with Potato-

Roots.

They
by

no Vermine, not fo much as the

which creep in between the Nails.

are troubled with

the Spa?iiards call'd Chigos,

On

the Sea-Coaft are

heavy to

many

Tortoifes, whofe Flefh

is

little

Fleas Niquaa,

of a delicious

but

tafte,

digeft.

Sheep and Oxen will not thrive here, but Swine would thrive exceedingly, if
their Dugs were not bit offin the Night by the Bats.
The River Wtapoco hath many dangerous Water-falls > the one much higher than
the other
The Murajht'
vnaccas.

way beyond

little

the

firft

of them the Stream Army' falls into

V/iapoco.

whofe Ears hang down

on their Shoulders 5 they worfhip for their Deity, an Image reprefenting a Man,
who fitting flat on the Ground, with his Legs ftretch'd out, leans witfi his Elbows
on his Knees, and holding up his Hands, gapes and flares up towards Heaven.
North-Weft horn Wtapoco rifes the Mountain Gomeribo, which produces Mai^

Three days Journey Wefterly dwell

the Maraftewacca*,

Tobacco, Cotton=Trees,and Vines.

In the fame place the Creek Wainary runs Weftwardly with frefii Water a days
Journey into the Countrey and from the faid Creek a high Mountain, fit for the
production of Sugar and Tobacco, extends it felf to the River Apurloaca y where the
;

Wiopocaries inhabit a great

The Hani*
tbiahttns.

Tract of Land.

North-Weft from Wiapoco flows the River Aperwacaue whofe mountainous Shores
bear <Brafile Wood and wild Cinamon. The Stream it felf takes its original out of
a large Lake, in the middle whereof lies a three^corner'd Ifle. South-Eaft from the
Lake dwell the Harrithiabans, beyond whofe Countrey are the Rivers Cauwo, Wia an&
y

Cajani.

On

the

Banks of the

firft

dwelt, Anno

Laurence l^eymis, a People call'd Jaos, driven

i^ 6.

according to the Relation of

from Moruga, and who

they diftinguifli themfelves from

by the

Spaniards

formerly poflefs'd the greateft part of Guiana ;

other People, by pricking their Faces full of Holes with the Tooth of a Beaft not
unlike a Rat

But

at preient, the Jaos

being departed from hence, the Countrey

lies defolate.

TheWta, which fprings a great way up in the Countrey, hath a wide Mouth,
The biggeft of the Ifles, inhabited by
and near feveral Illands convenient Harbors
the Sbebaios, is full of Provifions, Vi%< Fowl, Fifli, excellent Fruit, wild Hogs, and
:

other Beafts.

The

triangular

Ifles,

parable to GoTtatery.

lying

So

more Wefterly,

far as the

are alfo very fruitful, but not

Coaft extends

it

felf

com-

with high Mountains,

it is

overgrown with Brafile Wood, but the lower Grounds produce Cotton, Pepper,
Silk, Balfam, and the Root JF^^tafting like Ginger, and exceeding good againft
a Lask, or the Headache.

Before

Chap. VIII.
Mouth

Before the

ME%,ICA.

<zA

6\\

of Cajam appears the high Ifland Mattoory, furronnded by the

lefler Ifles Sanna*toony, Epenefari,

and

Eponeregemer<e.

Between the Rivers Cajani and Maccaria, lies the low Ifland Muccumbro, out of
whofe Center rife two Mountains, and which is inhabited, as the Main Coaft by
Caribbeeans, whofe General Arra^icary fhew'd great friendfliip to the Netherlander
They obferve no certain Laws for Government Adultery and Murder they punifh
:

's

with Death

they are very tyrannical towards their Wives,

of incivility have

their Brains beat out

number of their Wives,

The

the eldeft of

which performs

trey, for the Jaos, Sappaios, Jro^accas, and faragotos,

from

niards

The
rage

Houfhold-Offices.

all

Inhabitants of this

firft

Coun*

were driven hither by the Spa*

mw^

up into the Countrey, and often

fall

with great

but fince the Netherlander s have furnifli'd them with Arms,

much molefted by them.

they have not becnfo

MacaVia

orffoMJ
ana'

Caribbeeans live farther

the other

Beyond

ad

Trinidad or Oronoque,

wild

upon

for the leaft

they efteem one another according to the

accounted to have been the

Caribbeeans are

who

which

the River Caurora,

lies

very narrow and deep

is

and next

Rivers

in order the Rivers Manamonary, Sinamary, Cunanama,Juraca, Mawary, Amana,

ra^yny, full of

Ifles,

and four Leagues broad

at

and Mathe Mouth

along the Shore grow
touched by Mankind, but revives
;

little

Trees, whofe Leaves wither as foon as

again within half an hour.

Next follow the Rivers Sorrenam, Sorrenamme, Copanama, Marateca, and Curetiny,
where the Netherlander s by virtue of a Patent granted by the States General, drove a
Trade for feveral years.
Somewhat farther the (Berbice, Apart, MaycaVmi, Mabeyca, Mirara and Effekebe, dis}

charge their Waters into the Ocean, twenty days Journey from their Spring*Head,
where a great Lake (by the Jaos call'd The ^oponolpini, and by the Caribbeeans , <Parime)
fpreads

Along

way

felfa great

it

the River Ejfebeke

abundance of CaffaVi

and on
is

In the

Northern Shore hath the

its

an excellent fort of

Wood,

Mouth of the River

the

Dye

Town Manoa.
and

call'd Orellano,

alfo lies the Ifle Ottoma.

Laftly, between Effebeke and the great River Orinoque, glide the leiTer Streams
Iwapoi,

Tauroma, Gayni, Moruga, Jmmacoura, and farima, before which

namelefs

lie

feveral

Ifles.

Qhriftopher Qolumbus, in his third

Voyage

to the Weft-Indies, difcover'd the great

where before the Mouth of the Bay Valkna he was in great danger,
alfo the Ship Commanded by Jlonfo de Ojeda, by reafonof the Waves, with which

Ifland Trinidad j
as

the great River Yuyapar, otherwife call'd Orinoque,

fParia,

falls

that Columbus,

of Guiana,

which made him

into the Sea,

Anno

Promontory De

la

Vela,

Mouth

Parts bc g u <*

the High-lands of

Bocca

del

America to the

four hundred

T>rago

fo

Northward

before Americus Vefputius

Mann'd with

Diego de Ordas Steer'd with three Ships,

Year

call the faid

Main Coaft of

599. difcover'd the

as far as the

coming out of

The Difco^

whither

Caftilians, in

the

f^J*

*f'

and before Guiana took four Qaribbeeans Prifoners in a Qanoo, and finding H***an Emerauld about them as big as a Man's Hand, they inform'd him, that up the
1251.

River was

a. Rock all

of fuch Stones, and a Mountain on which grew high Trees,

yielding ftofe of Myrrh

Ordas

from going

thither
;

ran along the Shore to

Trinidad,

had

but the ftrong contrary Tides and Water-falls prevented

caft

up

and being troubled

(Paria,

there,

at the lofs

and took the Fort which

and

left

Ordas pretending ihsLtSedenno had built

he had made Slaves of the Natives,

the
it

Command

of one of

his Ships,

Antonio Sedenno,

he

Governor of

thereof to Juan Gonfahe^

contrary to the Emperor's Order, and that

Martin Janne^ Tafur ftay'd in the conquer 'd

Fort according to Ordas his appointment,

who went up
k k %

the River Orinoque not

without

<a

Cll

'

ME

"K I C

Chap.

VI

without great hardfliip for his Provifions were not onely fhort, but He was tor
at lad coming
merited in the Day by the Mufchitoes, and in the Night by the Bats
;

Commanded

to a Village

by

Men, who would

contrary to the will of his

Countrey,

ft

ay there

he was kindly Entertain'd, which

Viapari,

all the

Winter

made

Or das

willingly have gone farther into the

but as loon as the rainy Moneths were over,

Or das went farther up the River Orinoque, where his Ship was ftav'd againft a fandy

which forc'd him with two hundred Foot and forty Horfe, to travel along
the Shore, where he was much fcanted of Proviiions, and for forty days together
met none but a few poor wild FiOiermen, and at laft ftopt at an unknown River,
which fell into the Orinoque. The Guianidn Guide which Vtapari had given Ordas,
Shelf,

advis'd

him

10 go along the Shore of the

a well Cloth'd'anJ' rich People

new

River, becaufe

it

would

lead

them to

But Qrdas went along by the River Oronoque

he came where the Water falling from the Mountains makes

till

fo terrible rough,

it

which were Toed along, were not able to be got any farther,
fo that after two hundred Leagues advance, he was neceffitated, by reafon of the
fore=mention'd Waterfalls, to go aboard and Sail down the Stream His Men be-

that Ordas his Veflels,

weary'd with fo troublefom a Journey, foriook him on the Ifland

inor

which made him return over

Hifpaniola to Spain 7

where not long

Cubagua-,

after he dy'd

with

Grief.
The Expedidon of Hierouimgortaii.

o Ordas no
-This unfuccefsful Expedition
-

way daunted
J

Hieronimo

Ortall

from *pro-

fame Defign

fecutincr the

'

from

for letting Sail

Anno 1533*

Si. Lucas,

to

t^

^ orc

which Or das had taken from Juan Gonfahes, he Steer'd from thence over to Qubagua,
to fetch fome Men, and fen t the Lieutenant Jknfo Her r era with five Ketches, carrying two hundred Men, the fame way which Ordas had been. Herrera coming to the
fore-mention'd Water-fails where Ordas returned, caus'd his Veffels to be unladen,

then

Toed them by meer

Fields without

force over the Waterfalls,

where he difcover'd plain

any Inhabitants, extending themfelves to the Mouth of the River

Meta, where he quitted his VeiTels/ihd with no fmall trouble got over MoralTes

and Pools to the

whom

fruitful

Countrey of the Xaguas, a People both

after a (harp Conflict vanquishing, he

cruel

became Mailer of

and valiant

their Village, in

which he found plenty of Provi(ions asalfo in another neighboring Town, where

his tir'd, and airnoil irarv'd Army began to take Breath, being exceedingly refrefh'd with the delicious Meat of a fort of wild Dogs, which were here in great
3

Having fpent the Winter Seafon here, they were often fet upon by
Caribbeeans, by whole poyfon'd Arrows feveral of them being fhot, dy'd Di-

abundance.
the

ftracted,and amongft the red Herrera himfelf

ddtfreturn'd to the Veifels,

which were

the

left at

which

after

his Succeifor Jlvaro Or*

Mouth of

the River Meta,

whence he Sail'd back without any other fuccefs, the Dcilgn being
Golden City Manoa on the Banks of the great Lake Tarime.
Is follow'd

by Herman
and o-

ies

Not long
hundred

after Peter

Hermande^

de

Serpa

undertook the fame

and 'Hegro

Spaniards, feveral Brazilians

to find

from

out the

Work with

three

but before he could reach the Ri-

thers.

ver

he was deftroy'd by the falvage People

Orinoque'j

onely efcaping to bring the news of

iVikiri,

this fad Difafter.

Peter de Orfua following the footfteps of Gonfaho Pi^arro,

in Guiana

but being kilTd by Lopes

alfoprov'd
Berrto's

Re-

lation of his

Adventures
to Sir Walter

With

the

Men

eighteen of his

Agiro,

went

to feek for

Gold

near the Ama^one River, that Expedition

fruitlels.

fame defireof finding Gold

Granada thither

went from

2\feTb

but being taken by Sir Walter Raleigh ,;w as interrupted in his Defign 5

however, he gave him an Account of

That he went

in Guiana, Antonio <Berrco

to find out a

Way

his

AdventureSj fo

along the River

far

Cajfanor)

as he

had gone,

vi%.

between New Granada

and

AMERICA.

Chap. VIII.

6\^

and 2V> Guiana, went from Cajfanor to the Stream Meta, and
from thence to Ori*
noque, where he was in great danger, by reafon of
fliarp Rocks, over which the
Stream flowing, wafihes fcveral Ifles
That he fpent a whole
year before he

to the utmoft Borders of Jmapaia

on

near which he

the Shore, not onely divers Horfes, but alio

loft feveral

came

of his Barques,and

many of his Men, who

either dy'd

of hardfhip, or were kill'd by the Natives with poyfonous

Arrows, fo that fixty
of his Men were kill'd in the Countrey of Amapaia, which
extends along the River
Orinoque, befides a great many that dy'd there by drinking
the Water, which was full
of poyfonous Animals, and glided over a flimy and muddy
Ground, which made it
thick and troubled
Six Moneths he ftay'd in the Countrey
Amapaia, where he
made Peace with the Inhabitants of Ambus, who gave him ten curious
Images of
maflie Gold. The River Orinoque is about four Leagues
broad here, and about
feven hundred Miles long, before it fall into the Ocean,
and is every where enrich'd with the Waters of many Rivers which fall into
it from the North and
South: He added moreover, that he endeavored to go down
Southerly to Guiana
but was prevented by fteep Mountains, and therefore went
on Eafterly till he
came to the Countrey Emeria, where he found a courteous People,
and plenty of
Provifions
that the Governor of Qaripana, being about a
hundred years of age,
had a long time Conversed with the Ckrijlians on the Iflands Trinidad
and Margarita,
andlearn'd a Form of Civil Government that Sailing down
the River Orinoque
between many Ifles lying at the Mouth of the River to Trinidad,
and from thence
to Margareta he took fixty Men into his Service
but that he himfelf, being tir'd
with fo great a Journey, and flaying -to refrefli himielf it
:

Trinidad,

hands of another Party of the

his

Men

Englijh

that before he

was taken he

fell

into the

fent feveral

of

to Caripana, to find the

King ofMorequito, who three years before had been

with abundance of Gold at Cumana and Margareta, and informed
a Spaniard call'd
Ftdes Co much .concerning the Golden Countrey Guiana,
that he obtained a Patent at
the Spanijh Court to difcover Guiana but that Fides, jealous
that he might
.

be there
before him, had not onely incens'd Morequito againft him, but
fo inftruc1:ed him
that he furfer'd his Men to pafs through the Countrey to fetch

Manoa, and

"

Gold from the City

upon them and flew them on the Borders of Aro*
Monk that was in their Company, one Man onely efcaping

as they return'd, fet

maia, together with a

by whom

being inform'd of the Murder, he immediately fent

divers Soldiers to
take Revenge of Morequito, who flying to the Governor
tides, was neverthelefs, upon his demanding him in the King's Name, deliver'd to him
and notwithstanding he proffer'd a great Sum of Money for his Ranfom, was
cruelly put to Death
but not fatisfi'd with that Revenge, he overrun all the Countrey
of Jromaia, took
Morequito s Uncle, call'd Topiatoari, Prifoner, who
bought his Life for
.

KV

a hu'ndred

Plates of Gold, and

fome Precious Stones

That

Lifting

many Men

in

Spam for

Gold which he fent thither, he Row'd with Barques up the

Rivers Barema, fattroma, and Dejfequebe, where he bartered Trifles for
Men, Women, and Children,
of whom he made great Sums of Money on the Ifland Margareta.
This Information which Sir Walter Raleigh got from hil Prifoner
'Berreo, made
the

him

defirousto

make an Expedition

to Guiana

which purpofe he fent Captain

George Gifford with a Ketch and a Barque to the River
Capuri, where the Water fell
before the Veffcls could get beyond the Sands in the
Mouth of the River.
John Dongas had better fuccefs, being likewife fent out by
Sir Walter Raleigh, for
he with his Boats found that Orinoque had nine Arms
to the North Sea, and CtvQn
to the South, which embrace divers Ifles, of
which thofe on the right fide are call'd
PaHamas, and thofe on the left, Horotomaca. The Mouth
of the River gapes a nun5

to

Kkk

red

I''

-;*

M EX^I C

Chap. VIII.

J.

the Tuiriras, a modeft People,

dred Leagues. On the fore-mention'd Ides dwell
who fpeak a bald Language in the Summer they live under the open Skie upon
there between May and September) on the
the bare Earth, and in the Winter (being

Orinoque rifing thirty Foot

tops of the Trees, becaufe during that time the River
higher, overflows all the Ifles thereabouts, which are very high and mountainous.

But

Raleigh himfelf

Rowing up

the River Amana, endur'd great hardfhip, his

Men

of them fweltred with the Heat, and great want of Proviiions } and had
not their Indian Pilot iliew'd them another Stream much eafier to Navigate, he
would have been forc'd to return fuccefslefs but being ftor'd with Provifion out of
being

mod

>

which he took one, and

a Village built along the Shore, he chafed four Canoos, of
alfo an JnDaccas, which in fifteen days time brought him into the River Orino.que,

where he fawthe high Mountains of Guiana afterwards Anchoring before a fair

fandy Bank, which lay near the Mouth of three Rivers, he took abundance of
Tortoifes, and was furnim'd with plenty of all forts of Provifions, fenthim from
the Governor Toparimaca, who inhabited the pleafant Village Jrowocay } built on a
little Hill, furrounded with delightful Gardens, and Fields till'd by the Negro's
;

>

who accommodating

Raleigh

with an experienced Pilot, he

Wind, and Weftward faw

broad, and Jwana, of the fame

Eafterly

the

fix

bignefs.

Leagues

in breadth,

and

Ifles AJfapana,

twenty

The River

receives the Rivers Arrawopana

Sail

fet

five

with a frefh

Leagues long, and

Orinoque hath here

and Europa

He

thirty

Sail'd next

and Tutayma, oppofite to which on the Main Land appears the

Mountain Oecope, whofe top reacheththe Clouds ; on the right fide a Plain Coun*
trey difcover'd itfelf a vail way, which the Pilot faid was call'd The flam ofSayma,

by the

Ifles

Ocaywita

extending Northerly a hundred and twenty Leagues to Cumana and Caracas, inha*
bited by four forts of People, ViZs the Saymas, JjfaTbays, Wikeries, and Arorat ; which
Raleigh pafiing between
laft, being a CoaUblack People, us'd poyfon'd Arrows.

Anchor near the Ifland Murfcolima,

and from thence into the Haven Morequito, where the YL'mgTopiawarij a hundred and
ten years of age,brought all forts of Fruit, Poultrey,Fifh and Flefh,and gave him an
Account of the Condition of Guiana, yi^. That the whole Countrey from the Mounthe

two Mountains

Aroami and Aio t

tains Waccarima to Emeria,bore the

Orinoque foni

came

Name of Guiana

on the other fide of the

where the Guianiatas refide.

>

to an

faid

tht Inhabitants calling themfelves

Mountains

the fpacious Valley

lies

Jmariocapana,

coming out of

Southerly the Oreiones and Epuremei,

who

a ftrange Countrey, have deftroyM the ancient Inhabitants, lea-

ving onely the Aloaaawaqueri and Cafiipagoios. The Epuremei built the (lately City Macure^arai there. But <l{aleigh going on his Journey faw the Ifland Caiama, and came
to the Mouth of the River Caroli, whofe ftrong Current he was not able to Hem,

Aid from Wanuretona, Governor of Canuria who furniflfd him

with Proviiions, and Men to Toe him up the fore-mention'd Stream and inform'd
him that the River Caroli, which fprung out of the Lake Cd/fifa, was inhabited on
one fide by the Iwar a^ akeri, and the Lake Ca/sipa by three powerful People, vi<- the
whereCafiiapagotos Eparagotos and JraM>ogotos, all mortal Enemies to the Spaniards

wherefore he

defir'd

fome of his Men thither, who return'd with great hopes of finding rich Gold-Mines. The fore-mention'd Lake alfo produces the Rivers Aroi,
Ato'ic a, and Caor a, near which dwell the Exoaipanoma, who have neither Necks nor
Chins, but their Mouthes juft upon their Shoulders. Towards the North the Ribetween both
ver Cari falls into the Orinoque, and on the Weil: the Stream Limo
which the Cannibals refide, whofe Metropolis call'd Acamacari is very famous for
their ftrange way of Trading for there the Women are brought to Market, and

upon

Raleigh fent

'

bought by the Arwaccat

But becaufe great Showers f Rain

fell

daily,

and the
Stream

AMERICA.

Chap. VIIL

6i-i

Stream Caroli glided downwards with extraordinary force, Raleigh return \\ to More*
to a rich Golden
quito^ from whence Putima, King of Warapana, conducted him
Mountain in his Countrey, and along the Rivers Mana, Oiana, and Cumaca, to the

pUce where
whereof,

the Orinoque divides

excellent Streams, the chiefeft-

felf into three

it

waflies the Province Emeria, out of

call'd Cararoopana,

whofe Mountains

Ocean
the Rivers Waracayari, Coirama, Jkaniri, and Iparoma, glide to the Northern
and Wyni, all Branches of
as alfo the Jraturi,Amacura, {Barima, Warn, Morooca, Paroma,
-

the River Orinoque

from whence

Raleigh return'd

home

to England.

and Thomas Majham back to Guiana

Ama^ones and the Orinoque, and Maj7?am
'

Not long

fent Laurence fieymes

after he

fyymes found out

all

the Stream Wtapoco

the Rivers between the

from whence both return'd without any

After this the Bufinefs lay

ftill

farther fuccefs.

for a while, in regard Sir Walter Raleigh being (to,

6
g^g *^

found guilty of *jJJ*

gether with Grey, Cobkam, and the fymifh Priefts, Watfon and Clark)
High Treafon,was Condemn'd to die ; but being Repriev'd by the King,was kept a
Prifoner in the Tower for the fpacs of fourteen years

during which time he wrote a

which the King perufing, was fo well pleas'd with it, efpe*
Reafons, that England might make
cially fince he undertook to make out by feveral
there, to which Spain could lay no manner of
it felf Matter of divers Gold=Mines
Defcription of Guiana

He
Claim, that he difchargd him out of Prifon, and permitted him to make a fecond priev'd and
again to
Whereupon with ten Ships, Anno 1617. he fet Sail for Guiana again lent
Expedition
Guiana.
being tofs'd with divers Storms, he at laft came with R\e Sail to the River Calliana,
where he fell dangerouily fick, and therefore fent Captain l^eymes with five Sail to
each Ship carrying
the River Orinoque, to conduct the Men to the Gold.Mines
North, Tbornap, and Sir Walter Rafifty Men, and the other Captains being Parker,
i

having a Garrifon at Orinoque, fiYd very fiercely at the

others, Captain Raleigh him*
Englijh, who fuffer'd great damage, and amongft divers
Ifland Trinidad, under John
felf was (Tain, whileft the other five Sail lay near the

leigh's

Son.

Pennington's

The

Spaniards

Command, who

very difficult to

Land

Diego de Palameque

daily fear'd the Spanijh Fleet.

in Orinoque,

by reafon of the Banks along

Puerto Rico kept ftrongly guarded

from

But

Keyrnes

found

the Shore,

ic

which

therefore going to an

even Shore with intention to Land, he was fo fliarply.receiv'd by a Body of Spanifh

yet breaking in
Mufquetteers, that divers of his Men were mortally wounded
amongft them, he went towards the Gold-Mines, to which the Way led through a
;

where the Spaniards lay in Ambufcade ; but he judg d himfelf too weak to
do any good upon the Mines, one of which belong'd to Peter ^pdrigo de Parama, a

Wood

fecond to HerYiano

were

fearful,

feveral

Frontino,

by reafon of the

Merchants alive;

Town

ing the

and the third to

St.

Vrancifco Fafrardo

who

Spaniards Cruelties,

which

The

Englijh

alio

not long before had flay'd

fo that J^eymes contented himfelf

Thomas

with pillaging and burn- G

the Spaniards had deferted.

Soon

after

Lw

which B SadeT

Captain Whitby ran away with a Ship from the Fleet, whileft fyymes returned back
Exto Raleigh, who laid feveral things to his Charge concerning the unneceifary
which fo wrought upon JQymes,
pence and fliameof fuch an unfuccefsful Voyage
;

that he offer'd

to lay violent hands on himfelf

in his

Cabbin.

At Ungth-Raleigb

returning to London, was accusM by the Spanijh AmbalTador Gundamor for the burning St. Thomas, urging that his Matter refented it fo ill, that he threatned to wage a
War with England tfRtleigb was not Executed; who notwithstanding he ailedg'd,

That

the Spaniards fliew'd the

firft

Ads

of Hoftility againft the

Englijh,

who

onely

Thomas was burnt without his knowledge or

Order and that Keyrnes had not obferv'd his Command in the diicovering of the
Gold-Mines, (which Apologies were generally look'd upon as real Truths) yet

defended themfelves

and that

St.

tn<

P"

AMERICA.

616

the KincT efteeming the Peace with

Spain of

Chap. VIII.

more value than one Man's

Life,

without taking notice of Gundemor's Accufations, commanded that the Sentence

formerly pafs'd on him forTreafon fhould be Executed, and accordingly in the iixo
of his Age he was Beheaded, difcovering himfelf, by his Chriftian Behavior and Profeflion at his Death, to be a far other kind of Perfon than what the
tieth year

World had

cenfur'd

him

to be.

Since this laft Expedition of Sir Walter 0{akigh ,

we find not

that there hath been

any great Refort or Trade unto- this Countrey, except by a few Netherland Mer*
chants, who have yearly fent eight or nine Ships to the River Orinoque for To*
bacco.
The tempo

As

raturc of the

Air.

for the Air or

Climate of Guiana,

it

is

very differing, for about the Ama^pne

River, dry Weather begins about Auguji, and the

but Weftward towards Orinoque, the

February
;

Summer

Days and Nights

of Heat and Cold is but little,

and the Winter

the difference

Burning=Feavers Dropfie, and the Jawnes,deftvoy

s

is

TheNamre
of the Inhabkants.

takes beginning in OHober

>

are almoft of an equal length,

the

in April

windy and rainy Seafon about

many People

here
5

and

which

laft

not unlike the "POX, and proceeds from carnal Copulation with the Guianian

Women, who are naturally fubject to this Difeafe.

The Inhabitants are divided into feveral forts,
/-

7 ,

t>

the chiefeft whereof being the

The Women

Qanbbees go naked, covering onely their Privities with a Lappet.

though yellow, are very comely

with Netto, which grows on

and both

Men and Women

Trees in Cods

little

paint their Bodies

They make Holes through their

Nqfes, Lips and Ears, and hang Glafs, Bells, pieces of Copper, or any other Trifles

from the Engliff) and Netherlander*, in them About their Necks, Arms
and Legs, they wear Strings of Beads, or Cockle-ftiells.
Their Houfes with low Roofs, ferve them onely to deep in the Night upon
Cotton Hammocks, for in the day-time they fit under high Arch'd open places, that
that they get

the

Wind may blow

upon them.

full

They

Pots and Difhes neatly painted.

Town, which
by one that

The

is

chiefeft.

is

Governed by the

of

all,

eldeft

live in

of them

Tribes or Families together

i

and

their Militia

their Families

have

commonly

three or four Wives, whereas others

The Men feldom do any

infomuch that as Toon

as a

Woman

is

Moneth on

toilfom

Work, but make

differ

but

their

Delivered of a Child, fhe mufl

lozelling

lies

Hammock.

Their Language founds not unpleafantly, but

words

Commanded

is

immediately go about her ufual Employment, whileft her Husband

out his

in

able to endure moft Stripes with Switches without any fbevv of pain.

are contented with one.

Wives do

Their Houfholdsftuffconfifts of Earthen

little

in

the pronunciation,

is

hard to learn, becaufe

many

and yet have quite another figni-

fication.

When

they march into the Field againfl their Enemies, then the General fends

a Stick to

Notches

all

the Villages under his Jurifdi&ion,

on which are cut

Co

many

Days appointed before he intends to let forth, which they cut

out again as the Days expire, and on the laft they repair to the appointed place.
A not much unlike Cuftom they obferve in all Promifes and Bargains for they
give one another as many Sticks as they defire Days to perform the fame in, and
fo throw away every day one, till they have onely one remaining, and then they
as there are

begin to think of performing their Promife or Bargain.

They know no word whereby

Twenty they exprefs by laying their
ceeds

Twenty,

they compare to the

to exprefs any greater

number than Ten

on their Toes, and

Hairs of their Head, crying Qunfa
ten Fingers

all

that

ex-

awara.

Some

zAME^lCA.

Chap. VIII.
'

Some

6i 7

of the painted Canoosma.dc of the Trunks of Trees, will carry

five

or

'

fix

Tuns.

Wars

In their

they ufe Bowes, poyfon'd Arrows, fhort Truncheons of fpeckled

\

Wood

'

11

-t

'

and Fight without any Order.

'and Shields full of carv'd Images,
7
V

Their man-.
nerof Fight

They^ go

>

n g>

on^

R-eiigiCSV,'

upon no Defign but in the Night, and upon certain advantages. All Women and
Children which they take Frifoners, are fold for Slaves, but the Men are cruelly
put to death.

There is but little of Religion that can be afcrib'd to thefe People, onely that
fome (hew Reverence to the Sun and Moon, which they believe are both living
Creatures but they make no Offerings to them.
5

Their Funeral-Feaifo for great Perions are flrangely kept, vi%, all the Men making themfelves Drunk with the Liquor <Parranoro, Dance three or four days one

and he that drinks molt, and is word Drunk, gains the greater! Ho*
nor, whilefl the Women lament and mourn for the Deceafed.
Their Priefts, call'd^eeaios, are in great efteem amongft them, becaufe they pre-

after another,

tend that they Converfe with the Spirits Wattipa and Yarakin, which the Cuianians exceedingly fear, apprehending themfelves often beaten black and blue by them.

The

Teeaios alfo profefs

themfelves to be Chirurgeonsand Doctors, but

if

they

cure not their Patients, they go in danger of their Lives, unlefs they fpeedily get

away.

They burn

mod

their dead Bodies, together

in his

Lifetime.

at the time

when he is

The Caffavi-Koot

withthofe things the Deceafed affected

Prince or Governor alfo hath his Slaves put to to death

burn'd, that they

may ferve him

World.

in the other

boyFd with Pepper, dry'd and bak'd on hot

prefs'd,

Stones,

Their Bread-

ferves the Natives for Bread.

Each Grain that is Sow'n here produces in Harvefl above fifteen hundred.
Their Corn makes wholfom and well tafted Beer, call'd Tafiaa?, and of their
ftamp'd Cajfavi they make the Liquor Tarrano"fo.
In hollow Trees, and Caves under Ground, they find abundance of Honey and
.

Vines afford them excellent Grapes twice a year.

"No Plant is ever feen here without either Leaf, BlofTom, or Fruit, except the

their

European Apple*Tree,
at the

which never changes its nature, but bloifoms and bears Fruit

fame time of the year

The

wild Hogs

(Pohkiero,

as in Europe.

whofe Navels grow on

their

Backs

and the

(P^wgio,

not unlike our Swine, afford the Inhabitants excellent Food*

Here are alfo Waterlogs, of a very delicious tafte 5 but becaufe they are very
apprehenfive, and dive at the leaft noife, they are feldom taken.

The Woods are full of Baboons and Apes, as alfo the floththful Beaft An
The Hares here, being of a brown Colour, with white Specks, and the red Rabbets, are accounted great Delicacies.

There is no Countrey in America which breeds greater Armadillos than Guiana y

fome of them weighing eighty Pound.
Here are alfo Bears, which live on nothing but Pifmires they have long hairy
they put their
Tails, with which they cover their Bodies in rainy Weather
Tongues a Foot deep into the Pifmires Neils, and fo pulls them out*
t

The Tygers

here are either black, fpotted, or red

in cruelty, yet are feldom feen near inhabited places

abundance of Cattel, but will feldom

The Woods
till

fet

upon

are alfo full of Land-Turtles,

they have occafion to

make

but the black exceed the other

j

the fpotted and red devour

Man, efpecially

in the

day-time.

which the Inhabitants take, and keep

ufe of their Flefii*

The

AMEBIC

61S

The

A.

Chap. V1IL

Eagles that are here with their Claws, Engage with thofe that go about to

take them.

The Catamountains make

the

Night and

The
forces

Marmosets, a

them

The

in the

to leap

Day, that
little

an exceeding noife at a certain hour, both in

is heard two Leagues off.

fiich
it

Beaft, biting the

from one Tree

Catamountains and Apes

in the Ears

to another.

black Beaft Quotto hath a Face like an old

Woman, and hanging by

the

Tail, fwingsfrom one Tree to another.

The

Cujcaa

is

brown

four-footed Creature, about the bignefs of a

little

Dog,

but hath the fhape of a Lyon.

Bftds.

Moreover, Guiana produces Teal, Geefe, Grains, Phefants, Partridges, Pigeons,

Marlins, Snipes, Falcons, Plovers, and Parrots fall forts, befides many
other
ftrange Fowls
amongft which the chiefeft are a fort whofe Feathers glitter like
Scarlet, and walk along in Rank and Fyle like Soldiers.
;

The

Fifli

Sea produces abundance of Turbots, Soals,

Thornback, yellow Salmon

Stuigeon, Rlack-fifh, Gurnets, Crabs, and Oyfters.

Amongft other Fifties, the (ajfoorwa, which is fomewhat bigger than an Eel, is
very ftrange, having two Sights in each Eye, of which it always holds
one above-,

Vermin.

and the other underneath the Water when it fwims.

Here are alfo the great Fifties calFd Manati and Num-eel, by which if any
part of
a Man be touched, it immediately becomes nifF.
There are likewife divers Vermine, which trouble the Countrey Guiana, among

which are Serpents of thirty Foot long, that come out of the Water and feed
on
the Land they do litde hurt, as not being poyfonous
but there are many of
.

whofe biting

lefTer fize,

twenty four hours time

the

of Scorpions.

To

is
:

venomous,

that

others there are

it

caufes theFlefli of a

Man

to rot in

which have forked Tails, and Tusks in

Roofof their Mouthes.

The Crocodiles here alfo devour abundance of Cattel.

The Scorpions, which are black, and referable a Lobfter, breed under dry
Wood or Corn- their Stings are hid in their Tails, with which if any one be
touched, he

fure to endure an intolerable pain, but without danger

of lofing his
Life for the prefent, yet nothing can perfectly cure the
fame, except the Scorpion
kiiTd and laid on the Wound.
is

here are as big as Pigeons, and they fuck the Blood of

Beads lb gently, that they feldom perceive the fame.
1C

The

a-

Pifmires alfo do great mifchief, efpecially in fandy Grounds

Men and

and likewife
but thefemoft'of all trouble

the Musfoto's,

whofe Scings caufe painful Swellings

;
them that inhabit near the Sea fide on low Lands, infomuch that the
Fiflier-men
bury themfelves in the Night in Sand, leaving onely Holes to breathe
at.
Frogs and Toads alfo make a terrible noife here, and efpecially
after Rain.
Commodities of the

Countrey.

The

Soil

inferior to

none

World, for the production of Sugar but the

Commodities of the Countrey are Flax, Cotton, Hemp, the Berry Jnnoto,
which Dyes an excellent Orange colour, another Berry which
Dyes a deep Blue'
a Tree whofe Leaves Dye a Red, and the Wood of another
Tree whofe Juice Dyes
a Purple and Crimfon.
Moreover, Guiana produces the Gums .Lemma, Barattu, zn&Qarriman,
which being black and prickly, fmells very pleafantly, and cures
the Head-ache, Bruifes,
Pains in the Limbs, Gouts, and green Wounds.
The fame operation 'hath the
is

in the

general

Gum <Baratta.
Here are

1^

alfo

good Sou,

Bolus Arnumus,

Qafia-Vifiuh, Terra- Lemma, the Berry

J^fktte,

Chap. VIIL

M E^I C

<U

A.

6ip

very effectual againft the Bloody-flux, the Juice of the Leaf Upee, which
cures the Wounds of poyforfd Arrows, and a fort of fomnifcrous Apples, whereof

${elette,

the leaft biteoccafions a deadly Sleep.

There is alfo a Tree, generally growing about the Houfes of the Natives, the
Boughs whereof bruis'd between two Stones, and thrown into the Creeks of deep

Water

full

The

of

Fifli,

caufe

them

fwim above Water upon

to

Letter- Wood, call'd Tiratiminere, turns alfo to a

their Backs.

good account, much more

the excellent Stones, Jafperand Porphyr.

Nor

are there

wanting Gold and Silver-Mines, which doubtlefs would yield

great profit, were they open'd.

The Grain of the Countrey grows on

Stalks feven Foot long,on the tops

whereof
hang two Ears full of Kernels as big as Peafe, which ripens in four Moneths.
The Sugar-Canes, being of the bignefs of a Man's Arm, and about fix Foot
long, are at the years end cut off, broken and prefs'd in a Mill
after which the
;
Juice boyl'd in Copper Kettles to a certain Subftance, is put into woodden Tunnels, fquare at the top, and narrow at bottom, with a fmall Hole, which is open'd
as foon as the Sugar
is

is

fufficiently

hardned, to

let

out the Syrrup

after

which

it

put into Hogfheads, and foTranfported.

The

Hegro's which are brought

from

Angola and Guinee, are fo cruelly us'd, that

they oftentimes through defpairdeftroy themfelves.

The whole Countrey

of Guiana

ded into thefe inferior or

leiTer

is

by feveral modern Writers methodically

Provinces,

i. <Rjo de las

Jma^pnes.

divi-

or

i. Wiapoco^

and 4. The Iflands of Guiana.

^10 de-las Ama^ones, or the Countrey of the Jma^pnes, contains all that part oi^oieiat
Guiana which lieth on both fides of the River Orellano, of a rich and good Soil, generally, abounding with all forts of Fruits, and efpecially with thofe which the
Guiana, properly fo call'd.

Americans call Totok,

them

3.

and love

Orenoque

it

extreamly, out of an opinion, they fay, that

ex-

it

ImMH

whereunto they are of themfelves but too much inclin'd

and another which they call Tka, of a tafte far more delicious and pleafing, and
not fo hurtful as the other. The Countrey was firft difcover'd by the fore-mention'd
Francifco OreUana, a Spaniard from Quito, but it was onely by the River Orellam and
though he be credibly reported to have Sail'd no lefs than eighteen hundred

cites

to Venery,

Leagues

down

and to have difcover'd a rich and fair Countrey on both

fides the River, well peopled with Natives, and giving in divers places no fmall
Arguments of greater Wealth and Riches more within Land yet fuch was the bad
the Stream,

fuccefs of his fecond Endeavors,

and

like wife

of thofe that folio w'd him,

as is evi-

dent from what hath been before related, that, as yet, there feems no farther Report to be given, at leaft. not of any thing fpecial, concerning that part of the

Countrey.
Wiapoco, or Guiana, properly fo call'd. taketh

up the middle part of this Province,

being divided, as the other, almoft into two equal parts, by the River Wiapoco^
which runs through the midft of it. The Countrey on both fides of the River is
very rich and fertile, and fo naturally apt, both for SugarCanes, CottonWooli 5
and Tobacco, that they are faid to grow here (all of them very good) without
Planting, or any art of Husbandry. In this Countrey likewife Oiould be the fa-

mous

Dorada, as the Spaniards call

it,

or Qty of Gold (if

reports and hopes whereof fome of our

poiTefs'd as well as the Spaniards
it

had prov'd true,

World

it

mufi:

own Nation

it

could be found) with the

feem to have been not a

nor can we much blame them

have been one of the goodlieft and

(not to fpeak of the Wealth.)

T>iego de

little

for if the Stories

of

fairefl Cities in

Or das, the Spaniard of

whom we

the

have

lately

ww**'**
periyfotaiM

AMERICA

6 %Q

Chap.

bad occafion to make frequent mention of, being reported by fome to have
before he could arrive at the King's
travell'd one whole day, and half another in it,
Palace- which yet muft be fuppos'd to have ftood but in the midfl of the City.

lately

which was once a

Colony of&tglifh, fetled there by Captain Robert Harcourt, Anno 1608, upon theBanks ofWiapoco, and not far from the Mouth of it being a place, by the advan-

Places of lefs Magnificence, but

more Certainty,

are

j,

Qaripo,

tage of a Rock, which

ficult accefs

hath on the one

it

the Air about

2. Gomaribo, a

of

of the Natives, not

it,

of great ftrength and very dif-

found, andfaid to be very agreeable to Englifr Bodies.

it

Colony formerly of the Dutch, on

by them.

Wiapoco, hut fince deferted

Orino^uei

fide

North- Weft

the

fide

Woyemon. 4. Crewinay, both of

3.

of the Bay of

them

Towns

from the other.

far diftant

Or'moque, or the third Divifion

of this Province, comprehendeth the moft Nor-

upon, or towards the Banks of this famous River

a
Countrey likewife reported to be very rich, and comparable to Tern it felf for hid*
den Treafure, which, they fay, is not yet difcover'd, onely for want of diligent and

therly parts of Guiana, lying

The

induftrious fearchingo

they call
ftant

from the

Town upon

Places in

fome

to be

which feems

it,

it

already

Town of

towards the South.

Orinoque,

Branch of the

much

Or'moque,

UJb when they difcover'd thefe Coafts 8

hold upon

Town which the Spaniards

3.

this

known

the Natives, lying a

2. Morequito, a

It is

now a

fortifi'd Place,

be-

longing to

Guiaua.

The

Iflands that

belong

or Haven.

two hundred Families, or

and was taken by

more

Sir Walter %aleigh i in that

at large.

and are commonly reckon'd

to,

known Port

and 4. St. Thomas , the onely

part of the Continent, fituate upon the

Wenicapora

unfortunate- Action of 1617. above related

Iflands

few Leagues di-

frequented, and of great ufeto theZjwg-

principal Channel of the Or'moque, and confiding of

thereabouts

are onely i.Comolaba, as

as parts

of Guiana, are

about the Shore of the Province, or fuch as are found at

the Mouth, and fometime far within the Channel of thofe great Rivers, which empty themfelvesat feveral parts of this Countrey into the Sea, Vt^ Or'moque, Wiapoco,
<^io de las Amazones, dec. There are many of them, but of any great name or efteem,
either fuch as lie fcatter'd

onely two, vi%. Trinidado and Tabago, the Defcription whereof we fliall here omit,
as having already taken notice of them amongft the SotaVenti and Caribbee Iflands.

c H A
Paria, or
Situation and

Defcription
of Kova Ani
dalufia.

vv

Eftward of Guiana
River

New

lieth the

Andahifia

Countrey of Paria, fo

call'd

from

its

chief

hath alfo the Denomination of NeM? Jndalufia, but for

It

what refemblance with

This Countrey lying

IX.

P.

as

it

doth,

the IJlhmus or Strait, which, as

Jndalufia

of Old Spain, they do not

tell us.

brings us back again by the Eaftern Coaft to

we have

often (aid, joyns the

tinent of America together, at leaft to thofe Countreys that

two parts of the Conlie next upon it to the

Kingdom of Granada, Sec. It hath on the Eaft Guiana, and thofe

Iflands which lie about the Mouth of Orinoque
on the Weft, the Gulf or, Bay of
Venezuela, with fome part of the new Kingdom abovefaid
on the North it is
South,

YiZj

the

wafh'd with the

difcover'd,

Atlantick

Ocean

and on the South hath fome Countreys yet un*

toward the Andes* The whole confifteth partly of Continent, and

oartlv

Chap. IX,

M E%^IC

<zl

partly of Iflands near adjoyning to

Precinds or Parts, which are

3.

Margareta. 4. Qubagua,

and

laftly,

fome leUer

two

it,

and

I. Curnana.

Iflands

A.

6li

commonly

divided into five feveral

Venezuela, being upon the Continent,

is

2:

above-memion'd, famous

for Pearlfifhing

Iflands.

Sect.

II.

Curnana.

GUmana
on

bounded Eaftward with

is

the Weft, with Venezuela

the

Gulf of

Northward

fdria
it

and the River

hath the Atlantkh

Orinoque T

and on

the South, thofeundifcover'd Countreys above mentioned.

extending along the Northern Ocean, overagainft Margareta, two hundred
Leagues or more,

fome

Bounds and
Defcriptiort

of Cumatftf.

and not much lefs than a hundred in breadth.

The Coaft of this Countrey, as well as of the Iflands Margareta and Cahagua,
hath
formerly been much fam'd for the rich Trade of Pearls and
as

fay, in length,

Pearl-fifhing

failing,

its

principal efteem

now is

here as out of a Mine, and gather

a Mile from the Sea

call'dfunto de

Jr ay a,

it

for

an excellent Vein of

naturally

made ready

Salt,

which

which they dig

to their Hands,' not half

on the back fide of the Promontory or Cape,'

by fome
and by others for this reafon Capede Salinas.

fide,

Places of chiefeft confideration here, are 1. Curnana

feated on the Banks of a little River two Miles diftant

Colony of Spaniards
from the Sea, where it hath
a

it felf,

Towns ani
Places of
note.

a good Harbor.
very ftrong Fortrefs, which the Spaniards of late
years have built,
for the defence and fecurity of the Salt-works againft the
Dutch, who began
z.

St. Jago, a

to'

Trade much

that

way, and

in the

Year 1622. had a Defign to have made them*

of the Place.
Michael de Revert, another Fortrefs of theirs,

felves Mailers
2.

St.

bearing the fame

ftanding upon a River

Name.

Town

4. Guaniba> a

of the Natives.
This Countrey of Curnana, being generally infefted with

hath a large Inlet

terrible Crocodiles,

which flows fourteen Leagues into the Countrey.

The Men of this Countrey wear Cotton Cloaks, and anointing
their Bodies
with Gum, ftick the fame full of Feathers.
When they go to Wars, or to a general Feaft, then they (have their Hair off
above
their Ears, pull out their Beards, and black their
Teeth with a certain Herb.
Their Princes and Grandees take as many Wives as they
pleafe, and give to thofe
oftheirGueftswhom they intend moft to oblige, their choice of the
faireft of
them to lie with.

Whoring

is

call'd Cariaco,

'

accounted no fliame, except amongft Marry'd

rally live very Chafte, unlefs their

The Women
their

alfo

Hunt,

Fifli,

Lands, and other Houfliold

Women, who

Husbands confent to their Adultery.

Shoot, and Swim, and are diligent

gene-

in Tiliincr

Moft of them have fore Eyes, occafion'd

fome wrongfully fuppofe) by their drinking of the
Water out of
the Stream Curnana, but proceeding rather from
their unwholfom Food, as Spiders,
'
and the like.
*
not fo

much

Amongft

(as

the feveral forts of Trees that

white well fcented

like a

Affairs.

Gum, or delicious Juice

Mulberry, which may be boyl'd to

grow

fome

here, there are

that yield a

Milk, and produce a Fruit not unan excellent Syrrup

the Wood alfo
like

ftnkes Fire

There are

others,

whofe Timber

is

good
1 i

for Shipping.

The

Manners and
Cuftoms of
the People,

"H'

few

ME

<zA

6i%

*KI

Rofes,
Soil alio produces Cafita-Fiftula,

The

Chap. IX.

and other ftrong fmelling Flowers

and Herbs.

and wild Hogs, there are feveral ftrange

For Beafts, befides Lyons, Tygers,
bigger than an Afs, having fhaggy and black
kinds here, as the Cappa, which is
devours whafoever elfe it meets with.
Hair it runs away from Mankind, but
which hath a Goats Beard, and is of the bignefs of a Greyhound-

B:afo

The

it

Aranata,

howls very dreadfully, and feeds on Fruits.

from one
The wild Cats which breed here, leap, though great with Young,

Tree to another.
In the Evening

a Beaft like a lean

Dog comes

^t-u

to their Huts, cries like a Child,

wherefore every one that goes out in the

dreads the fight of Fire.
Night carries a lighted Stick with him, for this Beaft
other fine Feather'd
Trees give Harbor to great numbers of Parrots, and

and devours

all thofe

it

meets abroad

The

Birds.

The

the Blood horn

Bats here are very large and hurtful, fucking

Men and

Beafts.

The Mufchito's alfo do very much plague and vex the Inhabitants.
colours, make
The Spiders, much bigger than thofe of Europe, and of divers
Cobwebs.

ftrong

plenty of delicious Fi(h.

Terra Firma to Cumana, where
Anno 1 513. two Dominican Fryers went over from
Ship Anchoring there for the
the Natives kindly Entertain d them, till a Spanijb
feventeen of his Servants,
Pearl-Trade, carry'd away by violence the Governor and
would
threatned, that unlefs their Lord was reftor'd, they

Along

Dominicans
put to death
by the Natives

the Sea-Coaft,

and in the Rivers

whereupon the Natives

put the two Dominicans to death

is

four
the Spaniards promifing reftauration of him in
to
at Hiftaniola of it, who not confenting

Moneths time, inform'd the Council

his Releafement,the two Monks were, according
put to death.

Yet

jeia

G0 ""'"

by"

the former threatning, prefently

and Dominicans built each of them a

where they kept friendly Correfpondence

after this the FranciJ'cans

Cloyfter in the Province of

Ahnz*

very

Chiribichi,

to an Anchor before
with the Cumana s, till Anno 1520. when Alonfo de Ojeda coming
Spanijl? Goods with the Tagare Ky
Uaracapana, under pretence of bartering Mtfft for
three Leagues
who came about fifty from the Mountains on which they liv'd, being
Spaniards took thirty
up in the Countrey, and brought M^down to the Shore, the
the reft : Whereupon the Goverfix of them Prifoners, and kill'd or wounded
Prince Maraguey, and his
nor Gonzales being compiain'd unto by the neighboring
Dominicans and Francifcans y who had
affiftance dehYd in taking Revenge of the
hereupon made an
urg'd and perfwaded Ojeda to the fore.mention'd Ad, Gonzales
whileft he himfelf
Agreement with Maraguey, that he mould deftroy the Monks,
Council in St. Doming*
would kill Ojeda, which they accordingly performed. The
with three hundred Men,
inform'd hereof, immediately fent three Ships, Mann'd
in the Haven of Maraunder the Command of Gon^aho de Ocampo, who Anchoring
of.
newly from Spain, and that he knew nothing
capana, fcign'd as

if

he

came

the Bufinefs between Ojeda

and

Gonzales, that fo he

might entice the Natives into

Armed Spaniand accordingly when divers of them came aboard, the

at their Yard-arms, burnt the
ards ftaned from under the Decks, and hung them up
with Fire and Sword.
Village Maracapana, and ruin'd the Countrey far and near

his Ship,

Ocampo alio built the

trey,

Town

about half a League farther into the Coun-

Toledo,

where the Bifliop Bartholomew

de

las

Cafas,

making

his Vifitation,

commanded

daily either burnt,

Ocampo to forbear his cruelty againft the Natives, he having
alfo caus'd a
hana'd, beheaded, or made Slaves of fome or other of them. Qafas

03

"

little

Chap. IX.
Fort to be built at the

little

M E %^1 C

<Ul

Mouth of the River

A.

617,

Qumana, to be near to prevent the

inhumane Murders and Oppreflions committed by his Courttrey*men but be*

caufe the Inhabitants of Cuhagua bereav'd him of his chief Builder, his Fort was left
wherefore Cajas leaving the Command of this Countrey to Franhalf unfinifii'd
cifcode SotOy went back to Hijftaniola, where in St. Domingo he made his Complaints
;

High Court of Juftice of the Spaniards Cruelties but being little regarded,
he went into the Dominicans Cloyfter, till he was call'd out and made Bifhop of
Mean while Soto, contrary to Cafas his order, had fitted out two Ships to
Chiapa.
to the

Trade along
he and

all his

the Coafl: oF&aria

Men

but the Expedition proved very unfuccefsful, for

were deflroy'd by the Natives

not without

juft reafon, for the

Spaniards

(according to the Relation of Cafas from an Eyewitnefs) deftroy'd this

Countrey

after fuch a

manner, that a Ship

between Lucago and

Sail'd

Soto with
{j s

Men

all

de-

ftroy d by the

Indians,

Hifpaniola fixty

Leagues without any Compafs, finding the Way onely by the floating of dead
Bodies, thrown out of the Spanijh Ships. Moreover, the Prifoners fainting, were

and divided into Companies, each

Company

confuting of

fet afliore

on

twenty

Parents feparated from their Children, and Husbands from their Wives,

and Lots

Hifpaniola,

them

cart for

thofe that had either fick, decrepid, or old People

he hath often heard,) What

their fhare, us'd to cry (zsQafas teftifies

feck, decrepid old

Dog

give him

DeYil

to the

not put

Toili

my felf

fall

to

do I do with this

to the trouble to kill

and

bury him*

But

fetting Sail

Town

Death was not

from St, Domingo }

Soto's

Cadi%. y

And

left

unreveng'd

left

who made

for not long after Jacob Cafteflon

f veral Companies on Qubagua, to re-build the

rais'd a Fort at the

kept by the Spaniards,

Mouth of Cumana, which

great (laughter

hath ever fince been

amongft the Natives.

Hieronymo Ortall Sailing up the Stream Negeri, fent his Lieutenant jiuguflim Del-

gado through the populous Provinces Guacharuco and Tarimatuotu to the River Unare t

where, not without a fharp

mean time

In the

Conflic"t,he

took abundance of Provifions

Ortall travell'd to Meta,

acting

but approaching Guiana (where Delgadowzs

Men, who

new

ran over to

Tsfjcholas

Federman

kill'd)

fo that he

Fort Miguelde HeVeri, and from thence to

(who

that Antonio Sedenno

Sedenno being five hundred

-

St.

fall

was

many

all the

way

back to the

Domingo with ten Soldiers, fearing

becaufe Cumanabe-

Ortall,

upon him,

Men

a Spaniard,

in a Village.

forc'd to return

ftrong difcover'd the Sea-Coaft

where Setling himfelf, he regarded no Difcipline

obferving, kill'd

cdbyHsMen

he wasdeferted by his mutinous

judg'd himfelf wrong'd by

long'd to his Lordfhip) would

tpatigutaro

inhumane Cruelties

m^mi

and others the Tygers

all

along to

which the Natives

alfo devour'd, efpecially

in the Night, they being forc'd to keep lighted Fires about

them

againfl the wild

Beafts

About the beginning of the Year 1537. Sedenno travelled to the Countrey Jnapuya
and Orocomay, to the Province Goioguaney, where the Inhabitants defended themfelves
very valiantly in a woodden Fort, before which many Spaniards were kili'd with
poyfon'd Arrows, and thofe who were not mortally wounded, had no way to
efcapebut by burning the Poyfon out with hot Irons yet at laft the Defendants
were forc'd to flie with their Wives and Children up to the Mountains, overgrown
;

Death
marching through barren Fields, and over troublefom Ri- The
JJ Sedentis
nan
vers, came to the mountainous Countrey Catapararo, where he found abundance of ^J^
rnandtiz.
Maiz, andfome little pieces of Gold, and was advanced about a League and a half

with Brambles.

in Cumana,

viv'd

Men,

Sedenno

when dying,

him not long

after the

he

made room

for his SuccefTor Juan Fernandez

who

fur-

was not left unprofecuted for Sedenno's

Deceafe of him and Fernandez, went farther, and difcover'd a low
;

yet the Expedition

Land

81

M E %l C

kJt

<&4.

Chap, IX.

A.

Land, which in the Winter being overflow'd, fore'd the Inhabitants to remove to
But at laft the Spaniards, being weary with travelling, fell out
the Mountains
amongft themfelves, and dividing into feveral Parties, went feveral ways, fome to
Venezuela, others to Maracapana, and the reft to Cubagua.
:

Sect.

III.

Venezuela.
He

Situation and
Defcription

principal part of the Province of Venezuela

Cumana

of Venezuela.

border'd on the Eaft with

on the Weft, with a great Gulf or Bay, call'd The Say of Venezuela

with the Lake Maracabo, and fome part of

hath the Ocean

which, as

we faid, lie betwixt the

than half fo
niard,

Towns and
of Venezuela.
i-'laces

Southward

Andes and

it.

]>{eTi?

Granada
5

Northward

who

much

was nam'd

it
5

at his firft difcovery

It

fome undifcoverM Countreys,

ftretches out in length from Eaft

Venezuela, or Little Venice,

of the Countrey

it

Weft, a hundred and thirty Leagues, or thereabouts, but in breadth

to'

principal

or Atlantkk Sea

is

fell

by

upon a

little

more

Jlonfo de Ojeda, a Spa-

Town

of the Natives

which flood like another Venice, all upon the Water, and having no paffage to ic
but by Boats. It is a Countrey extraordinary rich in all forts of Commodities affords good Pafture for Cattel, and abundance of fair Herds of them, Oxen, Sheep
Swine, <?c. plenty of Corn, and other Grain, great ftore of Venifon in the Woods
ofFifli in the Rivers, Gold in the Mines, and therefore not likely but to be well
peopled and inhabited, efpecially by the Spaniards, whofe Towns and Places of
moft Wefterly Confines of the
Countrey, built upon the Sea, with the advantage of a double Haven, in a temperate and good Air, and the Soil round about it the beft in the whole Province
Ic
chief importance are thefe,

i.

Venezuela, at the

is

now

who

a Bifhop's See,

is

Suffragan to the Arch=bifiiop in Hifpaniola, and the

ordinary Refidence of the Governor.

2.

CaraValleda, call'd

by the

Spaniards,

TSLueJlra

Sennora de Car\i\>'ailed

fourfcore

Leagues diftant from Venezuela towards the Eaft, upon the Sea.
3

St.

de Leon, in the

Jago

oCaraValleda,

and

fix

4.

New

Valentia,

5.

Hew

Xeres, a

Countrey of Caracas, four or

five

Leagues Southward

or feven diftant from the Sea.

twenty

Town

five

Leagues diftant from St.Jago.

but lately built,

fifteen

Leagues Southward of Ney?

Valentia.

is

Segovia, but

one League diftant from Xeres.

6.

]S(e"to

7.

Tucuyo, a Place well

made

and

there,

in the

known and frequented,

Countrey round about

or Our Lady de

8. Truxillo,

la Taz,,

of great refort, and

racabo, a Place

for the

abundance of Sugar that

it.

eighteen Leagues Southward of the Lake Ma*

much

frequented for Trade both by Spaniards

and Natives.
o. Laguna, a

Town

more towards the bottom of the Lake,

and more than this, not much is faid of it.

lying

haunted with Tygers

}

faid to be

much

According to the ancient Divifion of the Natives, this Province contains the
Countreys Curiam, Cuycas, Caracas, Bariquicemeto, Tucuyo, and Carora in which th*!re
are eftimated to be about a hundred thoufand Inhabitants that pay Taxes
which
5
j

Charge, according to a

Youth under
more People,

Law made

Court,

all

Men above

fifty,

and

from
yet this Countrey had formerly much
numbers of them being deftroy'd by the Germans, Anno 1529.

eighteen, are freed

great

at the Spamfl)
:

for the Bifliop Bartholomews de Us Cajas relates,

That above

fifty

hundred thoufand
of

\JL

VAX

i
:

&-.

..."

'.

3P

ju

S**
lllli

im

md mn

'

fi

'

id-

Chap. IX.

M E %_,! C

<A

f the Inhabitants were

kill'd

by them

A.

6i<>

nay, they rooted out whole Countre

)

notwithstanding the Natives were ready to Entertain them with

ginable the Particulars of the Story are as followeth

Civility ima-

all

The Expedi,

When

the

Emperor

tion of AJfni-

Charles the Fifth

Marry'd with

Ifabella,

ger and SajtDaughter to the King*'

to Vennr

6f Portugal, Anno 1526. the Welfares, being Dutch Gentlemen in Augsburgb, made an
Agreement with him for a Sum of Money, to Conquer Venezuela whither they
fent Ambroftus Alfinger, and (Bartholomew Sayltar, with four hundred Foot and eighty

* uel*-

Horfe

Thefe Forces Landing

at Venezuela,

drove away Juan

de Ampues,

who

Sail-

ing from St. Domingo thither, had difcover'd the Coaft along Qoriano, and already
made an Agreement with a mighty Prince of that Countrey, calFd Manaure. But
Alfinger

marching

trey Axaguas,

Lake Maracabo, deftroy'd all the Inhabitants of the Coun*

they came to meet him Dancing,
" with richPrefcnts of Gold

to the

111
though

which he not regarding,

"fin**

horrid Criie,ties u p"

the Natives

them, drove fome into a Houfe, and there cut them

in pieces, and burnt thofe that were got upon the Roof. From hence going towards
the Tocabuyes, who dwelt on the Well: fide of Maracabo, amongft high Mountains,
he was Entertained by them a confiderable time very courteously, and Prefented
with rich Gifts, for which at his departure he fhut up both Men, Women, and
kill'd

Children, into a high Wall'd Park, where they were

all to perifli,

they did not

if

every one pay a certain quantity of Gold to be released, which not being able to
raife, they all dy'd for want of Food, After the fame manner he dealt with the

neighboring People
heard of Cruelties
trey with Fire and

of whom he got much Gold, but not without unfor he burnt all their Villages and Houfes, ruin'd the Coun-

Alcohotados,

Sword from

Thamaleque to the River Lebrixa, carry'd

away ma.

ny of the Natives coupled together with Chains about their Necks, and each of
them loaded with at lead a hundred pound weight of pillag'd Goods and as foon
as any of them began to faint under their Burthens for want of refreshment, their
Heads were immediately cut off. But Alfinger coming to certain cold Mountains,
was refilled by a valiant People in which Conflid he received a Wound, of which
he dy'd at his return to Qoro, Anno 1532. Upon which the Welfares fent John Aleman
but he alfo dying, made place for George de Efpoira, and JS^ichola's
to fucceed him
Federman, of which two Efpoira being the chief, fpent three years in ranging up and
;

down

the Countrey, without any remarkable Tranfaftions, being continually at

variance with his Lieutenant Federman.

The

afore=mention'd City Venezuela, otherwife cali'd Caro, and by the Natives

Qorana, wa.s,\Anno 1539. taken and burnt by the Englifb.

Northward from

the City, the

Promontory

St.

%pman, in the Province of

mns into the Sea, oppofite to the Iflands Awb.a and Quuracao.
The Countrey Taragoana is low and full of Venifon out of the middle of it

<Para* The Provm-

goana,

SanTS}-;
S

rifes

a high Mountain, the Inhabitants whereof are very hofpitable and courteous.
The Lyons that breed in this Countrey run away from Men j but on the con*
trary, the Tygers are exceeding cruel.

From

Coro there leads a

ras, to the

Province

Between both

Way up

into the Countrey over the

Mountain Xi^ae^a-

(Bariquicemeto,

thefe Provinces very fruitful Valleys,

great abundance, are furrounded

which produce Mai%

in

by wooddy Mountains, inhabited by Man-eaters^

called Axaguas.

Anno 1552. Juande

Gold-Mines near
this place

the

he built the

Vtllegas

difcoveringthe Province Tucuyo, he found feveral rich

Mountain

Town

TO

which fprings the River \Burio, Near Segovia

c
which, by reafon of the unwholfom Air, was fy?""*.**
eg*s.

Pedro, out of

Segovia,

foon after tranfplanted, and built on the Shore of the River

bui.it

Bariquicimeto, fo cali'd,

becaufe

''I

AMERICA.

6z6
when

becaufe the Water

The Natives
o! the

The

touch'd, turns to an AfTi-colour.

Plain Countrey

round about would be intolerable hot, did not the cool Winds that blow from the
Mountains temper the fame.
The Natives divided into Tribes that underiland not one another, live on Call'u

Pro-

bafies, D'eers-flefh,

vince Bait-

Chap. IX.

Rabbets, and the Juice of th^Cocuy.

quicemeto,

throw the flamp'd Root

In the Rivers Hacarigua and- Boraute, they

manner
of Living-

their

which

Barbafco,

caufes the Fifh to appear above the Water, and fuffer themfelves to be caught

with the Hand,

Summer they all (lore themfelves with Venifon, which they catch after
They fee the dry Bullies and Brambles on fire, which makes the
manner

In the
this

wild Hogs, Goats, Deer,

Tygers, the great Serpents Bobas i and other

(

Armadillo's,

wild Creatures, to leap forth from their Holes and Receptacles to fhun the fame,
whileft the Hunters (landing ready with their Bowes and Arrows, feldom mifs one

of them.

make abundance of Honey

In the hollow Trees near the Rivers, the Bees

for

them.

Mod

of the Rivers here

The
The

Natives about Segovia

which

into the Stream Huriapari,

from the

glides

Mountains to the Northern Ocean.

Peruvian

.Alfo of the

fall

Province Qhioas produces plenty of Gold.

Natives about Segovia go naked, are very ignorant, and

Drunkenncfs

which humor they

in

kill

one another

They

much

live

addicted to

without

care,

fome places comes to its full maturity in forty days time, and in others in three Moneths.
Clofe by Segovia glides the Rivulet Claro, whofe clear Water goes but a fmali
Courfe from its Fountain Head, before it finks into the Ground 5 in the Summer it

feeding on Roots

is
The Commoof the
Countrey

dities

hereabouts.

very high, and

rill

their Mai^is ripe,

in the

Winter almoft

This Countrey breeds

all forts

which

in

deftitute

of Water.

of Fowls, but elpecially Quails and Turtle-

Doves.
Cattel, Sheep, Goats

and Hogs, increafe wonderfully here, infomuch that many

of them are driven to be fold

New Granada*
are woven here,
at

The Cotton Clothes that

From Segovia runs a Way through
Tttcuyo,

which (lands low, but

alfo turn to a

good account.

a Valley twelve Leagues long, to the

Town

Climate, and furrounded with

Moun-

in a healthful

tains.

The Countrey
Cotton

hereabouts produces plenty of Corn, Pot-herbs, Sugar, and

and feeds Oxen, Cowes, Horfes, Sheep, Deer, and Goats, to which the

Tygers and Lyons do great mifchief.

Here are Gold-Mines, but they are not opened by reafon of

Men.
There

The

is

the great

want of

Truxillo, are a valiant,

but very

likewifc^plenty of the !Be%par*Stonts to be had here.

Cuycas } in

wnofe Countrey (lands the

Town

cruel People.

The Lake

Maracabo, running forty Leagues

up into the Countrey,

is

ten

Leagues

broad, Ebbs and Flows, and feeds the great Fifh Manati.

Weflward dwell
The

Provinc;

The

the Tocabuyes,

Province Xnruara

lies

and

Alcoholados,

both quiet and rich People.

towards the South behind high Mountains, inhabited

Xurttara.

by the valiant Qoromochos

by the City Merida

the

and towards the North from Xuruara, the

Countrey about which

is

*Bobures y

hard

unheakhful and Morally, and

the Inhabitants exceedingly plagu'd by the Mufchito*$.

Havem

ot

tiezuela.

Ve

The Haven

Maracapana

is

the

bed

in Venezuela,

and

lies in

the Eallern part of the

Province,

MT"

AMERICA.

Chap. IX,

**7

who kill and

are inhabited by the wild Cbmgotos,
Province, where the Mountains
can get.
eat all the Spaniards they
to Maracafana, zieHechado, i>arThe other Havens Weftward, not comparable
Families have a Salt.pit
tam and ftri*, where fome Sfan.Jh

you come to the frefli Lake Tocartgua, lull ot Pmillto.

Six Leagues up in the Countrey
"live quietly, and barter Gold.
whereof
People
the
little inhabited Mes ;
great Inlet Trtfte, before which
Towards the North- Weft the Ocean makes the
and
fide appear the
full of Cartel, and on each
lies the Ifland Bonaire, very

Am

which abound with Fowl.

into the Sea, and the Cape
The Promontory &.'$mi ns twenty Leagues
both thefe runs the Channel of Venecia,
Coquibocoa extends farther. Between
Quaraco,

which touches the Lake Maracapabo.

IflandsM^, with white fandy Creeks,
Before Gxpfo, are feen the four low
rifes a high Mountain.
and full of Trees: out of the middlemoft
with fcraggy tops
On the Main Continent alfo the Mountains * AzieytotLtfM
affords a fafe Road.
beyond the Point: And the Bay Honda
Inlet IW^and on the other, the VilThe Cape e la Vda hath on one fide the
runs the
Smnora de los fymedioi , between both which
lages %ancberia and Noftra

Stream La Hic/w.

intended to have built

The G e rw Commander, NicM-w Fe<fe<>,
unfruitful
finding the Ground too low and
Cape Vda, Anno , 5 ?5- but

a City

on

the Pearls

living onely on Fifh and wild Herbs, he

hereabouts very fmall, and the Natives
chang'd his Refolution.

Sect.
:

The

lilands

IV.

Margareta, Cubagua, and Coche:

already fpoken fomething of the IflandsM^t*

reckon'd amongft the Mes of
and Cubagua, in regard they are by fome
accounted to make up a
Korthm America; yet becaufe they are by many
we mall add in this place what we have
part of the Divifion of Ne Jndalufia,
much to the fame purpofe as before.
found mod worthy of Re- mention, though
Qphmlm, Anno 1498. contains
The Ifiand Mamareta, difcover'd by Chriftofher
yet little
circumference, hath many Woods and Failures,
thirty two Leagues in
is very mounEaftward of it lie the Cliffs Tefii&os, where it
frefii Water. To the
about the fame are delicious Fifli, without
tainous as alfo on the Eaft. Round
brackidi Soil produces but little Pro.
which the Natives could not live, becaufe the

NOtwithftandingwehave

'

V1

The

chiefeft thing for

which

this Ifiand Margareta

is

famous,

is

the Pearl-

***

Trade was driven, -though of late it is

inhumane cruelty, taught the Ntcome to little or nothing. The Spaniards, with
were not nimble or dextrous enough,
zros to Dive for the Pearls, for thofe that
or ftig.
dropt fcalding Wax or fcalding Oyl upon them
Fifiiing, for

which

in times paft a great

they beat unmercifully,

matiz'd them with hot Irons.
feven or eight

The

Pearl.Banks were cover'd with

five,

*****

fix

from whence the Negro's pull'd the Oyfters with

Nofes when they came
the Blood gufii'd out of their Mouths and

Fathom Water

fuch force, that

refrefh them, they receiv'd a Glals oi

above Water to breath ; after which, to
receiv'd a fifth paw of the beft
Wine and a Pipe of Tobacco. The Spmujb IQay
ot
the Oyfters have forfaken this Place,
Pearls that were taken here > but whether
;

theif

'

>

'"I/

me%;ic a:

6lE
their

growth hinder'd by often Fitting

few Pearls

more

are

found here of

them, we know not, but however

years, which makes Marganta
to be

late

for

Mai " Continent of

whereof hath an unfruitful and

it is'

more and

deferred.

*"""" the

V&ta
rf*

Qiao, ix

faria

lie

the Iflands Cubagua

and Code

firft

fultry Soil,

without either Trees, Birds and

four
footed Beads, except fed Wood, Sea.Fowls, or
Parrots , and Qft'Uan Hogs
being
carry d thither, change their Nature ftrangely
for
in
a flrort time their daws
;
grow long ana crooked.

The King

oCSpain us'd formerly to receive fifteen

thoufand Ducati yearly for

W^

UkCn

Chat

rl

Whih Gain -vited many thuher.who

*<* buiWhePTo V f"
1
r"
V
a C
but when the Mayans deZZt. "i^A T m ^ l^ <f "J the Ye "
**?"*'
**
'"
V CCad,K to HtfpamoU,
Ter
fled from
f
Tr -f' ^
ber, Hed
Nova
fc4
where the High
!-

<

^^

Court, difpleas'd at their

cowardly deferring the Place, gave them but
cool Entertainment, and fent
five
Ships under the Command of Jacomo de
Caftellan to Magna, to build

boules

^a Cad

which was afterwards re-inhabited

Fifhwg ceafed, the Ifiand and Town was at once
deferred.
>Kj

Oppofite to Margaret*

but

new
when the

Store-

Pearl

Promontory Jraya, behind which lies

a fait Lake
which .s found abundance of Salt, not onely
above, but under the Water
with
which the Enghjh, Spamfc and Dutch Ships are
fraighted
lies the

in

&S&
p%
-

J^^^defcribesthe

on Jraya thus
Round about the
fame
craggy, barren, and of a brackifh
tafte, and deftitute of
Salt-pans

Ground is
frefli Water, which is therefore
fetch'd three Leagues farther
out of a Brook
flowing from the Mountain **dm, into
the Bay oiCcmem likewife
all manner
of Provifionsare brought from other Parts.
Weft ward from the Point Jraya
there
is a convenient Harbor
where the Ships take in their Salt.
Three hundred Paces
from tne Shore lies a great Salt.pan, where
the

45

the Salt being firft beat in

pices, is
carry d in Wheel-barrows to the Ships.
The little Salt.pan produces lefs Sal,
and lies alfo out of the way, which makes
few Ships take in their Lading from
kKJllk
thence.

The Countreyis

mi

every where overgrown with Brambles

and Bullies, in which
breed Tygers and very poyfonous
Serpents. There are likewife
abundance of
Ma S s ' Bucks > Hares ' andCone s ,befides other ftrange
Beafts.
y

WW

T
l6 5-the^
W came hither unmolefted
SSS? c 'fc7
Galh nsfal ''ng unawares upon them, ftrangely
Tfc

ESJ*
.J,
Sl

Js,

afterwards the HiHtei Netherlands having

tain time, rene vv'd their Trade
to Jraya,

for Salt,

when

mifus'd their Seamen

made an Agreement with

eight
-

but

Spain for a' cer

till the King of Spain,

haying for the betfeennty of the Place, built the Fort
St. Jago, which Commanded
the great Saltpan forbad the Netherlanders from lading
any more Salt , who thereupon

ter

the Fort, though to their coft, for

feveral of

home empty.

Storm'd

them were

Sect.

Of the
THechiefeft

kill'd,

and the

reft

""

return'd*

V.

of Southern

Iflands

A merica.

of note in the Southern part of Jmerica,

that is to fay
thofethat he remote from the
Continent in Marc del Zur, are Los
Iflands

Ladronls'

u^f

*"

f r ,he

ran,, Iflands,
r/"/ Til
ranean
fall naturally under the

"

ft

b " n 8' aS

WC

Y cal1 ^'^M^r.

Defection of the Continent.

is

Los

aM

Chap. IX,
betwixt the

619

Ferdinand Magellan,

when

he Sail'd that

in

from the

way

were

in

the

mid-way

Los

J^,,

the Philippine Iflands, but

pilfering difpofition

tall

he obferv'd in the Natives,

They were

for the Molucca Iflands.

of People, yet light-finger'd,

excellent

it

fome hundreds of
the fourth Degree of Northern Latitude fo nam'd

Main Land of America and

Leagues diftant from either,

Fort

C A.

Los Lactones, in Englifli, The I/lands of Thieves, lie as

1.

by

E%^1

nimble and active

of ftature, and going for the moil part naked,

Swimmers and Divers, and have

not

much more

to be faid in their

com-

mendation.
e
r
Femandina are onely two Iflands of no great bignefs, lying over againft J^ jf" ^
the Coafl of Chile, in the three and thirtieth Degree of Southern Latitude, and
about a hundred Leagues, or three hundred Englifb Miles from the Continent, yet

2.

The

well ftor'd with fome

Venifon
at

fome

find

in the

lefler forts

Woods, and

Fifli

of Cattel, as Goats, e^c. good plenty likewife of

upon the Coafts for which reafon, though lying
;

diilance, yet are they not a little frequented

many good Harbors and Roads

by the

Spaniards

for Shipping belonging to,

of fern,

who

and about thefe

Iflands.

:l

'ii

6y.

CONTAINING
of the Defections of forne Provinces
profecution
farther
Partly a
partly an Account of
in the foregoing Book
of
treated
a
in

Ldy

fo

me ItherDifcovenes tto

any Dcfcription of the

.^Jf
r ^ &

^ndehv.rc!

.X ^

CHAP.
Rio de
He River Ve U

la Plata.

Plata,

by

the Natives call'd Paranaoua^u,

is

,thc greateft in the World,

next to the River of the Ama^ones
the Capes
the Northern Ocean between

and

M-

falls into

from another
and Maria, lying thirty Leagues one
and Weil divers Rivers as far as the
It receives from Eaft
up in the CounLake X*r*>s, lying three hundred Leagues
Plata. Alio into the forcmentry from the Mouth of
fpring out of the
tion'dLake fallfeveral Screams, which
:

tonio
|

i
Peruvian

Mountains Andes.

The firft
middle of

River, Anno
that Sail'd into this great
it,

was

John Via* de

Solis,

who

ra(hly

, 5 1 5-

.v.

to an Ifland lying in the

go.ng afhore, was

together with (evetalfortuguefes.

Eleven years after this Accident, Sebaftlan

kill

d and
SebafliaH

eaten

Gaktm fa Sail from Spam to go to the

for want of Prov,
Straights of Mellon, but was fore'd,
Spicy iHalds through the
'lata
Rjm
,
of his Seamen, to put mto the
fions and the unwillingnefs
d
call
he
winch
he Anchored near an Ifland,
which being advane'd thirty Leagues,
a Stream which eU
whence 'going^even farther, he dAlcover'd
a Fort at the Mouth
call'd St. S^or, and eaft up
he
River
This
*
into
he found the
convenient Harbor for Shipping ,
of it where an Inlet afforded a
and full of Ifles ; and to te Weftto be generally ten Leagues broad,
R iv
inhabited on the South fide by a
it, the River Zaracaranna,

SfSSl ?&

gl?eg

ward of

flata he bu.lt
where Zaracaranm d.fembogues into La
farther leaving on
di Santo Sfmto, went up
CaJkUo
fame
the
calling
and
a Caftle,
to the fcaitwa ,
Mequaretas, Mepems, and Jigm ;
Tenbues,
People
the
fide
Weft
the
fh North-Eaft mto
River
and Sam*, and ftruck P out of the

call'd

Vwn\m. At the

%%L.

place

6yi

a ME %.l C

the Stream Parana, in which he had gone,

A.

Chap. L

two hundred Leagues, and

many Mes, when

he went out of the fame into the Stream Paraguay

upon by the Countrey People, who were bufie in Tilling the

fet

To

many of his Men,

pafs'd

'where beincr

Ground he

that he

was

fore'd,

by

without any farther Exploit,

to'

loft

return

with the Portuguese Pilot, Diego Garcia, who Sailing up the

fame River, had met
with Gabotttts in Paria-, and becaufe both had gotten fome
Silver,

they 'called the

farther Difcovery whereof lay
nededed
nine years after, when Peter Mendo^a Sailing with eleven Ships,
carrying eight hundred Men, to thelfland Gabriel, built the Fort Buenos
Jyres, on the

River, from that Metal, De

la

The

Plata.

South

where many People dying of Hunger,

Jhares Cabeca not long
pled the Province %io de
defcribes thus

little

fide

of it

was done.

following Mendotfs footfteps, difcover'd

and peoPlata. The Mouth of the River La
Plata Laurence Bikke'r

after

la

" Be y nd the Cape Santa Maria (faith he) lies the flat Ifland Caftilhos, having
" fcarcea Treeu pon it ; but on trie North fide a Rock, not unlike a decayed
V
deZ\t?"
Caflle
" to the Southward of which appear two other Cliffs diredly
before the Mouth
" lies the ftonie Ifland De Lobos, on which nothing is to be found
but Sea- Wolves
< towards the Eaft a ftonie Bank
runs a good way into the River, known
by the
" breaking of the Water upon the fame.
The Promontory Maria is low and barren, but within the fame
the Land rifes
high before the Ifles How and Maldonado, which laft hath
a good fandy Shore Harbor, andfrefh Water between the Rocks
but Ffe riling with two Hills

?*

pro",

duces nothing but Brambles.

The Stream
Mountain

The

Solk alfo difcharges

its

Waters

La

in

Plata, near the Place

where the

Seredo lies.

Shore of La Plata begins at the Promontory Antonio, and

by the Rivers Ortis and Los SanBos, where the
Town Buenos
left

is

Ayres

cut through
is

built

fmooth Shore.

ZtZ
fag.
of

Martin

dd

* proceeding

gerous, by rcafon of the

are as followeth
Garcia

Ifle

is

many

of La

Plata,

Shelves that are in the fame.

thofe that bear the

full

in the Defcription

of Trees, and for

Name

its

of

fertility

faith that

The

St. Gabriel are

was peopled by

it is

Iflesin the

on a
dan

River

number
Peter de Mmdo~a
De La K aro whetfe
five in

and afterwards by Juan Ortiz Car ate

But lefs fruitful are the Ifles
the River Vrayg unites with La Plata, being before
fill'd with the Waters of
Salvador
which receives the black Stream Negro, which gliding flowly
from Morafles, is very
full of Fifli.
Moreover, La Plata hath eleven Arms, each very deep
and' full of
Ifles, inhabited by the Guaranins.
:

About a hundred Leagues farther the Qherandies have

fetled themfelves on pleafant Ifles, lying not far from the City
Si. ft, built on the Point which
makes the
River Bermeio, where it falls into La Plata.
Farther up lies the Province Ana, partly
well inhabited for its fertility and

partly overflow'd.

Next appears

the

Rock

Pennapobre,

and not

far

very high from the Rocks.

T5
aut as concerning the Natives of this Countrey,
People, differing from one another both

from the

Town Guayra,

La

Plata

tails

The Icvcr3.1
Pcopkofth,
tre

>

it is

inhabited by divers forts of

in Cuftoms and Language. On the

South
of the fore-mention'd River, from the
Promontory Antonio to Buenos Ayres
dwell the Quirandiey, a ftoiit, but cruel People, who
with the Flefli of many a Spdl
oftentimes keep a merry Feaft. Farther into the
Countrey run the
fide

Vtagmtas.

Along La

>/ and

Plata lie alfo fcattei'd the Tenbues, a

civil People,

who

live

by

Chap.

I.

AMERICA.

'

by Fidiing. Near the River Paraguay the Amegtutes obferve the fame manner of Life
But the Carioes keep Cartel, and Till their Lands. A hundred Leagues farther
dwell the fayaguaes and yet farther into the Countrey the Cbames and Carcares pof*
;

fefs

much Gold and

Silver,

with which Juan

d'

Jyola having enrich'd himfelf here,

was deftroy'd with all his Men by the Cbames, Anno 1541.
Jhare^Nunne^ Cabeca came from Spain to be Governor here, but was not able, by
wherefore Landing at the
reafon of contrary Winds and Tydes to reach La flat a

***;
nc 7-

River

Itabucu,

and fpending nine days

he came to the Jurifdi&ion of

Armiriri,

in cutting a

Way

through thick Brambles,

and a days Journey farther

to Gpoyay

and

where the Guaranies, who are the Natives, have two

Harvefls every year of Ma% and CaJfaVt, and breed and keep Gtcfe, Hens and ParThey are Man-eaters, and very revengeful, Cabeca having
rots in their Houfes
criven this Countrey the Name of Vera, he proceeded on his Journey over the Rivers Ignazu, Tibagi, and Taqtiari, on whofe Shore appears the Village Abangobi, and
not long

after to Tocanguazu,

fomewhat

many

farther Tocanguzjr.

The Countrey

delightful Plains, pleafant Rivers, and

hereabouts

Woods

is

very fruitful, and hath

but beyond appear Hills,

;

Mountains, deep Moraffes, dangerous Cane-Fields, Receptacles for wild Beafts,

and great WilderneiTes. Qtbeca having pafs'd through them all, came into the
fruitful Countrey of the Guaranies, who are a wild People, and poffefs many
large Fields of Mai^ and Potato's, alfo feveral Silver Mines. From hence travelling
Weftwardly over the River Piqueri, he fpent eighteen days before he came to the

Stream Igna^u, which falls into the Parana, and at laft came to the River Paraguay
along whofe Shore he found a People of a gigantick Stature, call'd Tbe Agates, who
regarded no manner of Husbandry, but went out continually a robbing in their
Thefe People, as Martin del Barco relates, were not long after all deftroy'd
Canoos.
-

by

the Spaniards.

Not

far

from

the Jga%es dwell the Guaycurues, a valiant People

and fomewhat

whofe Countrey produces Gold and Silver and yet farther in

the Countrey refide the Guaxarapos, who remove yearly to the Paraguay to Fifli there
when the Water is low for in the beginning of January the River fwells fo exceed*
overflowed, is cover'd.with above fix Fai n gly> tnat tne Countrey about it being
thom Water. The Paraguay difcharges its Waters into the great Lake Xarayes, full

farther the Cacoves,

of

Iflands.

Amongft other Rivers that fpringout of the Mountains Andes, the Ignazu, along
whofe Shore the People Xacoaes, Xaquejfes, and Chanejfes dwell, falls alfo into the
foremention'd Lake. Somewhat farther lies a great piece of drown'd Land,. beyond which the

Xarayes have convenient Habitations^ plant Mai^, and fpin Cotton

Their Countrey borders a great Wildernefs, which ends about the Province Tafuagua\u, the Inhabitants whereof, caXYd-Tampecocies, are furnifh'd with plenty of all
forts

of Provifions.

known as

The

Payzunoes, dwelling

on one

fide

of them, are not well

yet.

Beyond

the

Town Jjfumption dwell the Mayaes, in

the Tamacoaes, both

Between

which

(Buenos Ayres

the

Way

to Peru, and border at

poifefs Silver*Mines.

and Corduba

the Plain-Countrey Defpoplado, ninety

lies

Leagues long, without Trees or Houfes, but is moil Pafture*Ground, which ked
many thoufands of wild Horfes. From hence glide the Streams Lucban, Los Jrrechivos, Jrreca, Zaracaranna, and others, into La Plata, It is very dangerous for a
fmall

Company

to travel through this Countrey, becaufe the ranging Juries fpare

none alive they meet with.

Moreover, the River Grande flows with

wide Mouth into the Sea^ and fpreads

Mmm

&

t
*?4-

<tA

'

ME

<KI C

A.

Chap. H.

within again ft the Countrey Tatos.

Alfo the Rivers Tamandabug, Ararumo,

and the Lake Alagoa, difembogue into the Ocean.

it

felf

North*Eaft beyond Alagoa

lie

the Iflands Qathar'ma

and

Gale

and in the Bay Tb/-

aua appear feveral Ides.

The Streams
People

Anniriri

Laftly, the

Tajahu and Ytabuca fpring out of high Mountains, inhabited by the

and

Cipopoy.

Countrey wafli'd by the Stream

Ararapira, produces all forts

of Pro-

vifions.

C H A

P.

II.

Chili.
The Cammel

Here are

Sheep.

Countrey both tame and wild Sheep the tame ones are
Cammel-Sheep, being cover'd with long fine Wool, having Necks four
in this

call'd

Foot long, their fore Feet cloven into four parts, their hindermoir, into
two, their Mouths very wide, which they open at thofe that vex them, and make
fuch a ftinkj that no body
their

is

Burdens,and will not

like that

rife,

when tir'd, they fall under

fo much
Their Flefli is tough

them

though beaten never

The wild MountainSheep are red, and have foft

of Horfes.

which makes a

able to abide near

Chamlet

Scuff like that of a

glolfy

Thefe Sheep run fwifter than

Wool,

Horfe

them by a Rope put through their Ears,

This Countrey of. Chili not onely produces Wheat, Barley, Mai^ an J all manner of Fruit, but alfo the Teca, which growing half a Yard high, is not unlike

the Chilefes lead

The Grain
Teca.

Barley

the Grain thereof being dry'd in the Sun,

Sand, then ground on a fquare

which

is

Man

Fruit
Vutti,

The

lelTer

proportion,

Fruit Unni,

hath a tarttafte.

by

ferves alfo both for

of Water,

itis

to the Palate, and

it

becomes

made into Cakes

good

for the

in

hot

frnall

This Meal,
Meafure thereof

Meat and Drink

a pleafant

for being

Drink, and kneaded

or Loaves.

the Spaniards calFd Murtilla,

The Wineprefs'd

and parch'd

Stone with a round Rowler.

flat

whole Week,)

infus'd in a greater quantity

The

threfh'd,

both exceeding wholfom and very nourifhing (for a

fufficeth a

with a

is

is

out of this Fruit

like a little red

is

clear to

Grape, and

the Eye, pleafing

Stomach, never caufing'any Head-ache

It

alfo

makes good Vinegar.

But the

chiefeft Benefit

of

Chili is

rnoft part lies defolate, occafion'd

the rich Gold-Mines.

by

the*

The Countrey

continual Wars which the valiant People

Arauco maintain'd againft the Spaniards after fuch a manner, that in

rica

for the

they met with fuch refinance, or fuitain'd fuch LolTes.

They

no place of Amc*
fpeak an elegant

Language, according to the tefHmony OiElias Hcrkmans, who having committed to

Wirting all the mod fignificant Words thereof which were taught him by the
Ckilefes, it

following

will not be altogether amifs to

:

fee

down fome

of them, which are thefe

'

Gha

M E %^l C

<tA

A View of the Chilefian

TEpantQy A

Year.

A Moneth,

Tien,

jiliquen,

or the

Moon.

Week.
The Day, or Sun.

Ante,

(P/o,

faun,

To

Weytiva,

before Yefterday.

Day.

At that time.

Wantarulel, In the
Biliante,

Morning

A Man.

Mothers Brother.
Mww, Mothers Sifter.

betimes,

PTewco,

Always.

When.

Chttmel,

Jfefo,

Tecfco,

Now.

Mtntay,

Hay.

A Maiden
Teriten, A Boy.
Domo pen'ien, A Girh
Cbou, A Father.
Nenque, A Mother.
Qbecbe, A Grandfather.
Domo-cbecbe, A Grandmother.

Mor-

to

Vya, Yefterday.

Bucbiante,

Cayron,

A Wife.
Quiduugen, A Youth.

row.

The Day

Grafs.

Domo,

(Putey,

C*//d,

The Heavens.
Quereb, The Air or Wind.
Tomo, The Clouds.
V/angekn, The Stars.

Botuntj

A Brother.
Lamoen, A Sifter.
Guempo, A Father-in-law.
Fii/cd, A Mother-in-law.
Cboupa, A Son-in-law.
Weuro-pencbo, A Kinfman.

Lightning.

Storm.

Maoni, Rain.

An old Man.
CWe, An old Woman,

Buytba,

Snow.

fir en,

Veaquumao,

Dew.

Cunewa,

Tillmgei, Ice.

Quetal, Fire.
j^o,

The Earth.
MappOj The Land.

A fupream Commander.
Nentoque, A Ruler.
lteej, A Perfon of Quality.
fulmen, A Gentleman.
Apo,

Clay.

Qira 3 Stone.

Wood.

Jiuven, Timber^

Macbi,

Cona,

Gold.

Pebble-ftone.

Rock.

Mtlhmappen,

Smith.

Weaver.

A Fifher-man.

A Merchant.
TurnitaVe, A Dyer.
QbumpirO'Caman, A Cap-maker.
Tultunca*caman, A Drummer.
Ihchetaniwni, A Servant.
NMa-caboej

Cbadi, Salt.

Soldier.

Ch allo^caman,

Tin.

TaVillue, Iron.

Ly/,

Guito'tpok,

Brafs.

Quatahcura,

AChirurgeon.

^etaye-caman,

Lten, Silver.

T'tti,

Governor.

A Lord.

Curaca,
;

<Paila,

Tue,

Millia,

A Guardian.

Jpotcuracd,

Maviel,

AnHofpital Child.

feneinboe,

.-..:

W ater.

fele,

111

"PewH,

Thunder.

tputa que quereb,

A Stepmother.

A Son.
Neaque, A Daughter.

Hueno,

Gualio,

ml

A Stepfather.

Telcbucban,

Cbemcbuem, Alfo.

Pillan,

Tree.

Nuts.

ISfyho,

The Night.
TabuyOy The Evening.
Epponn, The Morning.
%angiante Noon.
Eppoe, The next Day after

Language

Cahu, Herbs.

Toninco,

6p

A.

Golden Vein.

M mm

foerqu'm,

6t,6

M E<KI C

A Meflenger.
Lanvamcbehoe, A Murderer.
Cbtquiboe, A Thief.

Voerquhx,

Illuiboe,

Beggar.

The

Ahee,

Devil.

A Houfe.
Ullin, A Door.
Cbaquana A pair of Stairs.
(pylca; A Wall.
<l(uca,

Chap.

A.

ConzK Food.
Cobque 3 Bread.

Nul-cobque,

The Crumb.

Liquangue^ Light.

Dumingei, Darknefs.
Quemeiquen, Dainties.

Medda, Pap.
Broth.

Core,

lion, Flefli.

Wana*ruca y

The Roof.

Cuichalon,

Pitbe-ruca,

A Hut.

War a- Hon Beef.

A Cupboard.
Cawyto, A Bedftead.
Depotuarka, A Prifon.
Weltelve, A Gibbet.
bengal, A Grave.
Qolcura,

The Sea.
The River.

Lonquen,
LeVd,

tButfcwampo,

Ship.

A Maft.

Aliwen,

Mow, Ropes.

Cbucbi-ilon,

Caucan, Roaft-meat.

Jvaun,

The Guts.
Curam, An Egg.
Quecuram, The Yolk of an Egg.
Lycuram, The White of an Egg*
Butter.

Vino,

Oar.

Jle,

A dead

Coal.

The Flame.

jiypel,

Catila,

burning Coal.

a Candle.

A Knife.
Witty A Spoon.
Ga/Vi, A Pot.
Lepobomwe, A Tooth*picker.
Wyno y

PaVilla-lonco,

An Helmet.

A Pike.
Py/^*, A Dart.

V/aiqui,

Pulque-tuboi,

Tultunca,

A Bowe.

A Trumpet.

An Iron Club.
An Awl.

Mecane,
Cachal,

A Spade.
Juijue, A Sieve.
Wit a,

Chilca,

Milk.

Drink.
ine.

Cutan, Pain or Sicknefs.

Aren*cutan,

A Feaver.

The Head.
Qancocu\tano The Head-ache
ToTfrotfgew,

Smoak.

Wtetum,

Ilu,

Cbiche, vBeer.

Tubquen, Afhes.
/,

Boy I'd- meat.

Puytfcha,

pe/dj Sails.

An

A Gammon of Bacon.

Chaditues-ilon, Salt.

Puuloo,

WJta,

Pork.

Qwch'hchain,

A Canoo.
Wampo A Boat,
y

Mutton.
,

livyn,

Do/*o,

II.

Letter.

CbaraYtlla,

pair of Breeches'.

A Womans Garment.
Domo--ruida A Coat.
Qoucbon, A Bag.

Icba,

Pino-chompiro,

A Straw Cap.

Vena*aren y Scabs.

MbungieHy

Wound.

Molbuen y Blood.

A blind Man,
Cawinto, A Meal.
Touma,

Qolchou y

The

Small-pox.

A wild Beaft.
tpangy, A Lyori.
Naguelj A Tyger.
Cuchy, A Swine.
Michun, A Calf.
Dewe, A Moufe*
War en, A Rat.
Twe-deTue, A Mole
Tewa, A Dog.
PulpeOj A Fox.
Guetaltuange A Hare.
Noquen, A She-bear.
Lame, A Sea-Dog.
Lemo-cuchi, A wild Swine.
Cbumam, A Bear.
Wocubuy

Puedo,

Chap.

AMERICA.

II.

Quri, Stinking Nettles.

A Sea^Goat.
'Quden, A Tail.

<Pucdo,

Cbiliweki,

Vragfi) Flowers.
Mullen, Seed.

Sheep;

Metben, Meal.

Zumtt, a Bird.

Lyppe,

Jeca,

Cogo,

JQJ'pi,

A Milftone.
Tel, Mud or Dirt.
Tajfaquido, A Treafure.
Guengu, A Marriage-Portion*
Dererisculyn, A Debt.
Culyn, A Reward.

Duck.

Magpye.

A Cuckow.
A

Nullyn,

SNfi,

Glafs.

Cudij

Raven.

Gnereo,

Willamyn, Single- money.

Bee.

Guyn, One.

AFlye.

f/wfy,The King of Bees

A Loufe.
^rei/ij A Flea.
(Piro, A Worm.
Vilo, A Serpent.

Eppo,

Two.
Three.

Quila,

<Petor,

Melt,

Four.

Quecbu, Five.
Cuyn, Six.
(%g/i, Seven.

(ponono,

AHedghog.
A Toad.

CiW/d,

Culla,

tBylcum,

Cawel,

<Prd, Eight.

Fifli.

A thou fan d.
Guiltui, A Kernel.

A Grigg.

Tapel, Leaves.

An Eel.

CbaditueUcbaha,

Salt-.fifli.

Jnquen-cbaha, Dry'd-fifh.
guinpilon, Oyflers.

Falcon.

A Crane.
A Parrot.

Mjwco,
Choroi,

Lame.
<Poo, A Bough,
I^empomamel, Dry Wood.

Topil,

Nobue,

2&fe,

Wood.

An Acorn.

Hido'faa*,

Vineyard^

A Pole.

Vanguen, Strawberries.
Coucbo-fr,

Black-berries.

Litue, Toad*flools.

Tilun-proque, Plantain,
Qalicai,

Vel,

Leg.

The

The

Skin.

Sinews.

VenmolVtn,

Vein.

The Head.
To/, The Forehead.
Lenglcn, The SculL
Lowco, The Hair*
cmgo,

fquint.

Bopemamel, Wither'd

Te/^M*,

Dead.
Hilca, Aone-ey'dPerfon.

To

Mohin, Blood.
Soro,

(Pi7o,

Topilgen,

A dead Corps.

Fi, Flefli.

Crab.

Quichiqtiincbio, a

The Bark.
<Pelli, The Smell.
OA/, The Body.

Nil,

Lai-calel,

Chapes, Mulsles.
CoinoiV,

A hundred.

Marama,

Iewe,AWhale.
Vitochalva,

Nine.

Maripatace,

A Dolphin.

Vouqui,

gather.

Gueli'Vanca, Coral.

Wing.
3)ani-inem, ANeft.
Jcbawal, a Hen.
'Jlchahawal, a Cock.
Tylken,

To

Q?iqucle?i,

Plume.

Mepoiinem,

6?r

Clovergrafs.

TerenAonco, Grey.

The Brain.
Anzen. The Face.
Tarn, The Jaws.
Ne, The Eyes.
Tacum, The Members.
Denen. The Eve*brows.
/, The Nofe.
(Pfte/, The Noftrils*

Lo/o,

Mmm

Merum,
3

38

M E li^I C

Ivkmm, Snot.

The

Tilum,

Tecengen-eimen,

Sweat.

/idem,

The Tongue.
Melbue, The Lips,
fBoru, The Teeth.
llga 7 The Gums.
Bida=bida, The Roof of che Mouth.
Cain, Spittle.

2>{een,

The Throat.
The Breath.

Parts.

The Thighs.
Lucu, The Knees.
Metunthoy, The Knee-Bone.
Hemum, The Calves.
\amon The Feet.
tpinque, The Heart.
Mocun, The Lungs.
2e, The Maw.
Qirique, The Liver.
^ictfj The Milt.
Quelcbe, The Guts.
Villin, The Bladder.

Tubei,

He.

Above.

Near.

Enouah.

Too much.
Munalai, Too little.
jlengei,

Zwc/tf, I.

Taymen, Againft.

Mwiaiy

The Right=hand.
Mdecoe, The Left-hand.
*Puley*csie The Palm of the Hand.
CbangeUcue, The Fingers.
'Butd'channL The Thumb.
JP/7i, The Nails.
2felw, The Bread.
Mojuy The Nipples.
<Pe, The Belly,
Weddo, The Navel.
(/*</*, The Ribs.
'Burl, The Back.
Anca, The Sides.
Quichhj The Buttocks*

To Stink.
felengfley, A Spider.

Jverlugei, Far.

Quellebj

Manctte,

Momay,

by*

Junengen, Before*

Hand.

Hard

!Bwi, Behind.

The Shoulders.'
(puilpa, An Arm.

(jto,

Tichumei,

^720,

Lipan,

A Man's Genital
Mf, A Woman s.

No.

M/?,

fPuhn 9 Below.

The Chin.
? d*0W The Beard,
IP*/, The Neck.

Tenem,

Emmcty So.

Compay, Within.

People.

Waecun, Without.

Queue,

CW,

You

LtfHge,Thofe People.

Quewen,

Me'M,

We.

Incken,

A Mouth.

Quit,

II,

YoUe

Eimi,

Ears.

Chap.

J.

Qhemibla, Wherefore.
Venibla, Therefore.

fai-mai,

Let

it

be

lo.

Thefe.

tyii,

Temunei, Fair.

War ami, Ugly.

IStfwomi, Strong.
Leptungei, Swift.
Cbouibo Lazie.
Al'doncomi,

Very

wife.

Wentamui, Valiant.
Queunei,

Proud.

Qdenei, Rich.

Qumwal, Poor.
Toucou, Foolifh.
Molgei,

Naked.

Ilungei,

Clothed.

Queten,

Narrow.

Anqueu, Dry.
Trequin, Bountiful,

Buta, Great.
Ticbi, Little.

Montingei, Fat.

Toutauj Lean.
<Pettun,

Queli,

Colour'cL

Red.

Calbu, Blue.
fore/,

Green.

i7;oo,

Yellow.

CW, Black.
Lye,

White*

t^
a*c*i]u
}

AMERICA.

Chap. IL
Nilla*caju, To

619

Chumel pratuai mi,

change,

Giving.

Tuignei,

To-be merry.

from hence

Umatum, Sleeping.

ficherungei, It

To wake out of Sleep.

iBemgne, To Build.
<Playn, To find.
VangenAjn, To lofe.
2{ecul, To run.
Anion, To go.
Utalegen, To ftand.

Jleprungeiylt

Limen,

Tecanen,

To

lie

Inchi

hard by.

is

is

far

farther.

/':

quiparum camappumu,

intend to go

into another Countrey.

Why

Chemnibla qui parui cammappumu,

will

you go into another Countrey

Merely a tivamappumu, Here is no Provi?

fion.

down.

The

ayn,

geniep

benebliaale

tloacbi tipanto,

Aleibelay

dance.

TadenatuntyTo

you go

fhall

your Habitation

Ale prungi tamruca, Is

llltiwyn,

Jucheleyn,To

When

year hath been unfruitful,

and therefore we want.

fall.

Cheo mappungen tamicbau, In

To rife,
^viflge, To fit.
Dimgne, To fpeak.
Temelenge, To be filent.
Puronge, To Sing.
tpylcunge, To call.
ij?rf)i To come,
lew, To eat.
m, To drink.
Mepai, To go to Stool.
Willam, To Urine.
Qudepain To play.
Locatum, To fcold.
Meco'fly/w, To carry.
Cbuquin, To fteal.
Gttallulueno, To reftore,
<Pelteney, To pay.
Lay, To die.
^wgd/gei, To be buried.
Utalenen,

dwells your Father

Alu

ei,

ei

The Devil

what Province

hath fetch'd

him

away.
Will you keep him

At eimi ruaju inchio,

company
Ailan, No, I
<Bm,

.?

will not.

will.

Have you any

Chuben quecken neieimi tania,

thing to give us to eat

Yes,

Cancan acbawal,

have

roafted

Hens.

Quedau

Mu

To dig for
JSHUa-'teubyn, To fell.
NMa-vin, To buy.

Intunge millo,

Quimli wi tami

Chuben putuayn,
Aile

Cbampaila,

am

is

Gold.

your

Name

name,

is

Wira cuchai compay tan mappumu,

go into the Countrey.

From whence came you ?

QuipaTMicba
ther

Mro comotoun, I came from home.

Cbumel quipai, tuai mi, When fhall you
come

this

my Wife.

ards are fall'n into this

w*,

is

handfom

K'Hil

Woman.
Qui pangnei, Come hither.
Amotunge, Run away.

call'd John.

W hicher do you go

fru

What Woman

Utajuca, Let us rife.

Ckeo ruaimi,

Cko

Umatuayn, Let us go to Bed.

muruam,

we Drink

thank you.

Jlei teminigei Vet domo, It

Juan pingen,

2fo/7po

fhall

My Daughter.
Ni domo, My Concubine.

]Slj

Nothing.

What

Mangunmeinis ,

Inchi tancuri, It is

What do you

jF pingeimi,

There will be enough

Where

Chuben domo tr'm,

you.
Chupipaimi,

for us.

cannot underffcand

piel, I

How many

Munalei enchintavia,

Working.

capay.

wy,

laimi,

Shall

Countrey.

we

Fight toge-

have no Arms.

Waiquenagelan,

Ima en pea

Waiqui,

will get
Alt

The Spani*

in

Follow me, and

Arms.

teum incbe,

am

contented.

The

.**
4-c

6j

M E %^l C A

The Seamen who went under Bendrkk

Brewers

Chap.

Command,

II;

Anno 1643. from

brought the foremention'd Vocabulary along with them.

Chili is look'd upon as no way inferior to any
Countrey in America, enjoying
a wholfom Air, fruitful Soil/ and abundance of Inhabitants, who
often furnifh
Peru with Provifions which are the fpeedier convey 'd thither,
becaufe the SouthWinds always blow along the Coaft.
iBrafile

to

Chili,

The

Vice.Roy keeps a Deputy

Imperial,
Jago and

Peruvian

SK5$

Govern

here,

It

ricks, vi%. St.

23

to

hath two Bifliop

Some of

the Chilefis are under the Spaniards Jurifdidion, and

live in Huts .
others being wilder, defend their Freedom with the Sword.
They have great
Heads and flat Nofes : The Men continually pull out the Hair on their
Faces and

with Shells, which they carry about their. Necks for that purpofe,
having
beforehand rubb'd the Hair with warm Allies
the Hair of their Heads hanging

Privities

downwards is cut clofe as far as their Ears, the reft growing long, is ty'd
with the
Ribbon Tarmelonco, to which Perfons of Quality fix Silver Plates and
Turkoifes :
Some alfo cover their Heads with the Skins of Weazels, or the likeBeafts,

putting

the

Head over

vering they

their Foreheads,

call

Maniwelonco

and the Tail

down

their

Others wear Caps made

Neck
after

which kind of Cofome ftrange manner

.

or other.

The

Cbilefeszrc not the tailed,

fallow colour
they are

but ftrong and well

betwixt a white and

the Spaniards Service, wear long Hair, by which

Thofe that are in

diftinguiOTd from the morn
:

The Women

imaginable.

Heats,

who do

fet,

the Spaniards all the mifchief

are for the moft part

low of ftature, but of a ftrong

they go bare-headed, letting their Hair hang loofeover
their Shoulders,excepc when they are indifpos'd, and then they tie it up
But thofe
Conflitution

about Capo wear Locks

like

our Englijb Ladies.

that

dwell

and Loquimbo they go

Women All of them have thick black Hair.
Their Apparel, though mean, is neat
The Men wear wide Breeches girt about
their Wades, and a piece of woollen Cloth, three Yards
long and two broad,which

after the

fame manner

as the VeruYtan

In Qoquimbo

having

Chap.

^ME^ICA.

II.

and fo let it hang oil

having a Hole in the middle, they put over their Heads,
Legs bare but on Feftival Days they wear
their Shoulders, leaving their Arms and
the
embroider'd Stockings. The Women likewife cover themfelves with
j

curious

about their Middle,

fame piece of Cloth, but after another manner, tying it firft
with Silver or Golden Pins their
then let it down to the Ground, pinn'd before
.

is ftrip'd with red, white,

Heads, Breads and Legs are uncover'd the Cloth itfelf
For an Example of their quick and
blue, and yellow, and fring'd at the edges.
his Ship,
Labor, Hendrick 'Brewer relates, That a Woman being Deliver'd in
j

eafie

Deck, and gave the Child fuck.

within an hour after walk'd up and down the
Some of them have fuch great Breads, that throwing them over their Shoulders
Backs.
they fuckle their Children, being ty'd at their
and not built
Their Huts being low, are made of Straw, Canes, and Boughs,
a hundred, or a hundred and twenty
for one Tingle Family ; for often thirty, fifty,
dwell under one Roof, and have a Governor, by them call'd Caruca.
their LiTheir Houfholdftuffis little and mean, vi%. two or tnree Cans to keep

quor

Chica in,

they grind their Corn, and one or two

Horn Cups, a Stone whereon

woodden Stools The chiefeft of them alfo ufe Sheep-skins, which they fpread on
without care, for they neither Sowe
the Ground before their Guefts. They live
nor Plant any more than will ferve them a Year.
:

of which they have no great plenty.

About the beginning of Ottober a whole Town meets together to Plough and to
the Men perform in two days time, the reft of the Work being left

Their Riches

confift in Cartel,

Sowe, which

to the care of the

Women

for the

Men

never meddle with Reaping or Harveft.

and drink from Morning to Evening, when they do not travel, for
Barlcy.Meal, or Wheat
then they eat at fet-times. Their Liquor is made of
of Mai^ chew'd by
boyl'd in Water. On Feftival Days they drink Chica, Brew'd

They

eat

the Teeth of old

likewife

make

Liquor of the Fruit Umri, which

Madera Wine.

taftes like

Everv*

Women. They

Man

Marmany Wives as he can buy and maintain, for Maids and Their
nages.
i/J*
fold by the Parents, who fet not a Price upon them according to

Marries as

-.

Widows muft

be

riages.

Beauty or Quality, but their skill in managing Houfhold Affairs. Their

A Son having no Inheritance,
Marriages are perform' d after a ftrange manner
one with a Hog,
on the Charity of his neareft Relations, who Prefent him,

their

1,

iV!'

:,;;!

if

lives

a third with a Sheep, and a fourth with fomewhat elfe : thus

forne Turkoifes and Plates of
enrich'd, he goes to his Miftreffes Father, and hangs
with what Eftate he can make his
Silver about his Neck, and acquainting him
to whom he
agrees as well as he can with his intended Father-in-law,

another with a

Cow,

Wife, he

til

\m

hundred Sheep, Oxen, Cows, Hogs, Horfes, Poultrey, a Coat,

Daughter to the
and fome VefTels full of Chica ; which done, the Father leads his
Drink at his
Bridegroom's Houfe, where he is Entertain'd with Meat, but finds the
gives'ten, fifty, or a

ownCoft. Some days after the Celebration of the Wedding, the neareft Relatifing an Hpi
ons come to congratulate the young Marry'd Woman, and at Dinner
on the Ground on
thalamium to their Nuptial Deity Maruapeante, all of them fitting
efpecially
Sheepskins. The Allies often take away a Woman from her Husband,

when he

mifufes her

and

if a

Man

kill his

Wife,her Death

is

reveng d by her Rela-

word
of Quality build a Hut for every one of their Wives, fending
They relpeft one above the reft, who
to her whom they have a mind to enjoy
The Men are
are in a manner but Slaveffes, being fore'd to do all the Drudgery.
they chance but to
exceeding jealous and chollerick, cruelly beating their Wives, if
Adultery, they irrtr
look on another Man- and if they take them in the Aft of
tions. Perfons

\m

mediately

foon

as a

Water

Woman
then

them

kill

kills

is

M E "KI C

A.

Chap.

yet for all this they are not Chafte, but very Libidinous.

Delivered of a Child,

Lamb

(lie

call'd Chiluraque,

wafhes her

and makes

felf

and the Child

a Feaft
;

and drinks freely amongft the

felf eats

reft,

at

As

in cold

which (he her

and the next day goes about her ufual

Employment.

The

Spaniards tell us, that their

Women,

they continue long in this Countrey,

are more and more hardned by the Air, and are as little concerned
at the Birth of a
Child as the Natives.
if

'

A Widow hath

dren part of what fhe hath

file is

manuer

of

burying -their

Dead.

(he hath given to her Chil*

return to her Parents, then

highly efteem'd of.

Both
Their Religion j and

Marry again, provided

but if (he Marry not, but

free leave to

Men and Women wafli

themfelves in the Rivers in the coldeft Weather,

adore chiefly their Deity Titian, and the Devil, who doth
them much hurt.

They
They acknowledge no Refurrcaion,accounting long Life in this World the
greateft
Good wherefore when any one dies, the Friends and Relations make
a doleful
Cry, andfuffer the dead Body to lie three, nay, fourMoneths
before they bury
;

them,

them

of ftrong fmelling Herbs, to keep them from putrifying :

Three days before their Interrment the neareft Allies meet, kill a
Sheep, make
Merry, and throw the Body into a Hole near the Hut in which the
Deceafed' dwelt,
putting alfo a piece of the flain Sheep, and a Jug full of the
Liquor Chic a y into
the Grave.
fluffing

full

Concerning their Idol

fillan, to

whom

with ftrange Geflures they Sing divers

Songs, they believe that he is a Spirit of the Air, and Governs
all things on Earth.
Some fuppofe him to be Thunder, and therefore they worfhip him in
a moft par-

manner when they hear it Thunder; for then they flick an Arrow
and
Stone Ax into the Ground, and take Arms into their
Hands, putting themfelves
ticular

into apoftureasif they fliould fuddenly be fet

look'd upon
ties

upon by

heretofore as a fore-running of the Spaniards

they exceedingly dreaded.
it

mighty Enemy, and

approach,whofe Cruel,
a

They call all their Hero's Lilians, and afcribe Divine powers to them.
They take very much ftrong Tobacco, the Smoak whereof puffing
with ftrange Geftures, they cry,
Their cruel

When

they return

ufage of Prif:ners.

(Receive this,

in the Air

Titian.

home Conquerors from any

Victory, they put a Stone

Ax

Ground, and ftanding Arm'd round about the fame, Drink

exceedingly,
and fingaSongin honor of Titian.
They ufe their Prisoners very
into the

cruelly, for

forcing

them to Dance and make Merry amongft them, they on a fudden

cleave
their Heads with an Ax, pull their Hearts
out of their Bodies, and bite the fame
wich their Teeth.
After the fame manner they punifii their Robbers and
Traitors
but thofe that have good ftore of Qnca to Prefent the Governors
with,
efcape the Execution
Yet this cannot buy off Sorcerers or Witches, who are'
without mercy burnt alive, with all they enjoy 'd.
;

They have no

nor any that pretend to any religious Function

thofe that can Sing the TaVary well,
are in great efteem amongft them.
Their fecond Deity Maruapeante (they fay) informs them
Priefts,

onely

in a Dream when they

but he doth not do them this kindnefs before they
have made themfelves Drunk, and fung Sonnets
to his praife.

muft Marry

This Countrey

Governed by prime Perfons, calftT tilmen, or peculiar

Lords,
calrd Curacen. The Ulmens and
Qntwm Command twenty five, ibmetimes fifty,
a hundred Families : Their Power
confifts in calling all the People together, and
confulting with

is

them about

State-Affairs,

which they dare not do with any

parti-

cular

Chap.

II.

zJ

MERIC

J.

Levy any Tax without extraordinary occafion. They are bound

Front of their Subjects again'ft an Enemy, and are under a Gover-

bular Perfoft, nor

to inarch in the

of by the Curaces, or Tuhnes

When that honorable Place
felf

under

call'd Jpocurace, or

nor-General

whether

Means

his

noble Treat

which

lefler Offices are difpos'd

but their Netonques are chofen after this manner,

vacant, then whoever aims

is

at it,

v/^. The manner

computes with him*

iqt,
iSJJjjJS/

will extend fo far as to treat the Caraccs and Tulmenes with a

if

place, whither they all

Other

a Nentoque.

he

able to do, then he fends for

is

them

to an appointed

go Arm/d,and whileft they are eating and drinking, he that

defires the Place begins to tell

Exploits, Riches,

them of his noble Extract, valiant

and eminent Relations, and therefore

of the deceafed Nentoque

defires the Place

then the Qtrace riling, the intended Nentoque hangs a Chain o'lTufbifes , or Cocklefriells

about

Neck

his

whereupon

moves

the Qtrace

the reft to

the

Election,

without any Articles, the new Nentoque onely promifing to Govern all things for
which done, the Cnrace takes
the bed advantage and benefit of the common State
the Chain otTurkoifes, and diftributes them amongft the primeft Perfons of Qua:

Drinking, Dancing and Singing.

which of
After the fame manner they chufe an Jpocurace, or prime Governor
themfelves, have not
late the Uca's, that they may enjoy the more Priviledge

lity,

and

fo they

end the

Day

in

elected.

of Lances as long again as the Europeans, made TheirArms:

and Spawfi Swords.
fliarp at the Points, They alfo ufe Clubs plated with Iron,
The f niches, who dwell behind the high Mountains Cordilbra, ufe poyfon'd Arrows, >

The

Arms

Chile fes

make Helmets and

enter: they all

very

much

confifl:

Oxhides, which neither Sword nor Arrow can

manage a Horfe, and the ufe of a Lance, but are

Breaftplates of

know how

afraid of

to

Mufquets or Fire4ocks.

Becaufe they can neither write nor read, the Governor by a faithful Meflenget
mod
fends to his inferior Officers fuch Commands as he judges may tend to tjie
This MeiTenger carries an
advantage of the Publick both in Peace and War.
Arrow with a Ribbon, as a Sign of his Employment the Arrow is held in the
Right-hand, and if he who receives it will anfwer the Meflage, then he fends back
\

the fame

Arrow with another but

-

if

he judges

it

convenient to acquaint any other

and fuimenes with the fame Meflage, then he fends one of his own Servants
to them with the fame Arrow.
Agt**
As touching the Climate and Production of Chili, this Account is given by an
Qiraces

Eye-witnefs:
cc

<c

The Winter

the Trees are not onely

Seafon (faith he)

blown up by

is

fo tempeftuous, that

the Roots, but the Earth

it

felf

is

fometimes^7

'-

rent afun

"der- fome Valleys being fill'd with Snow, fwell the Rivers exceedingly when
lc
makes the fame very fruitful.
it melts, which overflowing part of the Countrey,
" It is alfoextream cold here, becaufe fuch fliarp Winds blow from the Moun-

"

tains, that they pierce

through the Skin and

Flefli

of a

Man

and indeed -thefe

were not the Mountains over" grown with great Oaken Trees, againft which the Wind breaks, Moreover, the
" Valleys produce Coals, which ferve the Inhabitants for Fewel. The Winter be-

" Winds would make

the

whole Countrey

defolate,

Trees of Leaves but not thofe which grow in the Wildernefles. In

" March the Fields are full of innumerable forts of fweet-fmelling Flowers out of
K fome whereof are boyl'd the Angel-Water, fo call'd for its fmell and wholiom
" tafte. The Grafs grows in November and 'December as high as our (landing Corn.
" Turnips, Mint, Clover, and Muftard-fced, grow naturally for feveral Leagues
power and ope,
"together. Likewjfe excellent Phyfical Herbs grow here, whofe
" ration their Doctors, caUMA&ci, keep from the Spaniards. Thefe M*aiein great

reaves. the

" eftecm

AMERICA.

44,
(.'.
:I

but alfo the Spaniards, for their great skill

thefe Herbs the chiefeft is calPd Quinciamali which grows

efteem, not onely amongft the

Amongft

in Phyfick.

^nap,

Qo'defes,

" but half a hands*breadth above the Ground, and fpreads into feveral Stalks
<c
and on each Stalk is a SarTromcolour'd Flower. This Herb
like a Nofegay
(l
pull'd up with the Root, and boyl'd, and the Decoction given to any one that is
" bruis'd within, works moft wonderfully, for it draws out the putrifi'd Blood,
11
though funk never fo deep in the Wound. Moreover the Juice of Qulen is alfo
" very healing,if us'd for an Ointment,or pour'd on any Wound. This Herb,by the
5

I)

lc

Spaniards call'd Mhaciga, hath fweet-fmelling Leaves,

tc

Medicines here, which diffolving the Stone in the Bladder or Kidneys, caufe

and a

Body.

fome
" places alfo grows an Herb, not unlike Grafs, which boyl'd in Water, immedile
ately cures the Feaver and Spleen, and cleanfes the Blood. There are likewife
tall

In

it

to

" be urin'd forth. The Plant Luce, which grows out of rented Rocks which are
" often overflowed by the Sea, makes a fort of well tafted Bread.

The

Wildcxncfe Atdcama, which makes a Boundary betwixt Peru and

Northward ninety Leagues,

is

Summer, and

dry and barren in

ceeding cold, and covered with Snow.

No Provifion

Chili,

in the

extends

Winter ex-

upon it, except

a few wild Sheep, call'd Guanacos. About the middle thereof the Brook La Sal
riling in the Eaftern Mountains, flows Weftward through a deep Valley to the
to be found

is

Southern Ocean.
Troublefom
Paflage from
Ptt u to CWf.

fore-mention'd Brook put into any Veflel, immediately turns

along the Shore lie greater orlefTcr pieces of Salt ; fo that the Way

The Water of the

and

to Salt,

all

through Atacama

very troublefom

from feru to

Chili

ther over the

fnowy Mountains Andes,

is

is

much worfe,

and threatens the Traveller with Deftruction,

if lie

but that which leads thi=

becaufe

it

is

farther about,

obferve not the right Seafon of

Winter there blows fuch a cold Wind on thefe Mountains,that

a Man,being fuddenly benumm'd, falls down dead on the Ground, and grows ftifF

the Year

for in the

againft all putrefaction.

as firm

and found,

their laft

as if

Jofefb de Acofta tells us, that Bodies

they had been living, which had fome years before breathed

on thefaid Mountains.

who

firft

Companies of Horfe, and

five

But Diego Ahnagro,

~Xuxayes y

difcover'd

Qiili,

Anno

1536.

he entred into the

fix ft:

Chilean

S*

7f

Shore wafli'd by the Southern Ocean.

a ^ on g tne

thither with

Valley Capayapo, having

number of Men and Horfes with Hardship and Cold

fore of both the fore-mention'd Ways between Peru and
c/

went

two

hundred Foot, through the Countreys Charcot hicas,

and Qiaauana, and having pafsM over a craggy Soil and the fnowy Moun-

tains Andes,

have been found there

loft

no fmall

the inconvenience thereChili,

fore'd Travellers to

Copayapo bears that

Denomi*

nation from the Turkoifesw hich a Mountain produces there in great abundance a

The
ter,

Valley

and

it

felf

in greater

Stalks the length

dred in Harveft.

Through

is

the fruitfulleft of

abundance than here,

of a Lance

no place theMz^ grows betthe Ears being half a Yard long, and the

all Chili

each Grain that

AllSpaniJl? Fruits

grow

for in

is

Sow

n, yields at leaft three

better here than in Spain*

the midft of Qopayapo runs a River of the

twenty Leagues

in length

hun-

from the Andes, and

at its

fame Denomination, and

Mouth

hath a convenient Har-

bor before the South Sea.

The South
the

firft,

part ofCopayapa borders the Valley Guafco, which

but hath a convenient Haven, into which

Sluces for the watering of the Cane-Fields.

tridges

alfo wild

Southward flow

falls a frefh

is lefs

fruitful than

River, penn'd in by

Moreover, there are plenty of Par*

Sheep and grey ScjuirreLskins are of a great value.

alfo the Rivers Maypo, Qhacha

To

the

Pool, Loro, and Monk,

Beyond

Chap-

Beyond

MEKIC

*A

If.

6^

A.

thefe Streams Eaftward, the Tromouca's dwell near the

Mountains

Ancks.

which gives Denomination to' the whole Countrey, were

formerly the famous Gold- Mines Quillat^s, from whence Valdivia, Anno i 544. carryd an invaluable Treafure. The South Sea makes here a large and convenient
Harbor for all manner of VefTels, built two Leagues below the City Serena, at a little River, which fo moiftens the low Countrey, that it produces all manner of
In the Valley Qnli,

Plants.

It

From

rains here not

above three times ayear.

the Entertainment

which

Sir Francis Drake

met withal

here,

may

fuffici-

Power of Serena for when the Englifl? Landed here for

Water, they were driven away not without great lofs by three hundred Caftilian
Horfe, and two hundred Foot that Sally'd out of the City. The Mines, though
ently be conje&ur'd the

they inclofemuch Gold, yet they produce but

ing to the teftimony of a

Chilean Pilot,

little,

whom

becaufe the Spaniards, accord-

Oliver Van Tfyort

ftroy'd all the ancient Inhabitants that fhould have help'd

The

City

St. Jago,

them

took Prifoner, deto dig the Gold.

lying near the Stream fopocalma, receives great benefit by the

Haven Valparayfo, which makes the fore*mentionM River,

all Goods that come from Lima are unladen, and the Goods

becaufe in that

Haven

The

(hipp'd aboard.

Countrey about the fame produces plenty of Wines, Apples, Corn, and all forts of
Cattel, and efpecially Horfes in fuch abundance, that thoufandsofthem run wild.
In Valparayjo Sir Francis Drake took a Ship from Valdivia, laden with two thoufand five hundred Bars of fine Gold.

had not fuch good

fuccefs,

ver'd a Spanifb Ship in the

who

But the

l^etherland

Admiral,

Joris Spilbergen,

Sailing thither with five Ships, Anno 1615. difco*

Harbor

where fending

his Boats well

Mann'd

to fetch

on the Shore,they found it burning,and thereupon Steer'd

their Courfe into a little Inlet full of Rocks, which ferv'd the Spaniards in ffcead of
Breaftworks for lying behind them, they fiYd continually on the Hollanders yet
off a VeiTel that lay hal'd

Landing with two hundred Men, met a confiderable number of Spanijh

Soldiers, and Horfes drawn out on the Shore, from whom they foon fled.
Before the City La Conception lies the Ifland Qmriquyna, whofe Straw Huts Spilbergen laid in Ames.
At the time when Oliver Van Koort came to an Anchor here, the Governor Fran*
Spanijh Soldiers to reduce the revolted
cifcus de Quinones Commanded feven hundred
Spilbergen

Chilefes.

Four Leagues from

Conception lie the rich

Gold-Mines

which formerly

Quilacoya,

produced great Riches.

Over againfl
in a large Inlet

the Valley Afauco i

made by

which

the force of the

rifes

out of the Sea,

lies

the Ifland Maria,

Waves.

Here grows abundance of Wheat and Barley. The Rivers alio afford plenty
of Fifh, amongft which there is one call'd The Lake-Spider , in whofe Eyes are to be
feen little Specks, which would exceed Pearl, if they were but hard enough.
Two Spaniards Command forty Natives on Maria, and keep them in fuch flavery 3
that they may neither eat Apples, Pears, Grapes, Poukrey, or Sheep, though they
are there in great abundance.

Herkmans was once in probability to have taken poffeiTion of this Ifland for
the Zjetberland State, had he not been prevented by an extraordinary occafion.
Between the Towns Conception and Imperial lie the Provinces Arauco^ Tucapel, and
Pro*
furen, inhabited by a valiant People, that often alarm the Spaniards. In each
Elias

vince Valdivia built a Fort in the Year

He

alfo difcoverd the rich

The

551. eight

Gold-Mines De

Ongpl,

Leagues diftant from one another.

and built the Fort

Confines there.

Natives hereabouts being exceedingly oppreft by the Spaniards,

n n

fell

upon
tne

AMERICA.

6$6
the Fort in furen,
vaiim*

ta-

where thofe

in the Garrifon, unable to defend themfelves,

and from thence to Arauco, to

to Tucapel,

Chap.

Settle there.

Valdivia

II.

went

marching with three

Men to the Caftle inTucapel, was fo fiercely aflaulted at the River Leto,
tyte info*, t\\zt all his Men were kill'd, and he himfelf being taken Prifoner, had melted Gold
One Boy onely efcaping, brought the news to thofe in
pour'd down his Throat
Garrifon in the Fort Arauco, who fled to La Conception, as thofe from Turen to Imperial.
a.3 'crueijy''

hundred

Not long

Lieutenant Francifco

after the

Soldiers to ^aquetta, a

Promontory

de Vtllagra-

went with

-a

hundred and

againft the South Sea in Arauco, to take

fixty

Re-

venge for the Death of his General ValdiYia 5 but he alfo had like to have followed
the fame fate, for he left ninety fix Men behind him, and with much ado recover'd

La

Conception

By which means

that the Spaniards forfook the

came

the victorious Chilefes

Towns 'Qfeca,

to be fo

much

fear'd,

St.Jago, and (onfines t and fortifi'd

them-

felves ftrongly in Imperial.

Defcription

Concerning Arauco,

of Arauco.

The

it is

a fmall County, twenty Leagues long and feven broad.

Inhabitants thereof are ftrangely valiant

call'd Mulches,

leys

all
;

and are generally of a duller

thofe that inhabit the

Spirit than thofe that

Mountains are

dwell

in the

Val*

of them ufe long Pikes, Halberds, Bowes and Arrows, Helmets

and

Breaftplates of Deer.skins, in the

Ranks, and ftand

Spanijh

King

in

receive

Wars

they

know when

to clofeand

open

their

good order according to Martial Difcipline, which makes the

little benefit from Arauco, though it is full of rich Mines
be-

number, dare not come out of

caufe thofe in Garrifon being five hundred in

their

Fort.

To

La Mocha, low on' the North

Arauco belongs the Ifiand

which the Ocean breaks

Mountain, out of whofe Gap flows

South

againft

its

Billows

in

and rocky on the

the middle of it rifes a
fide,

Brook the fruitful Soyl produces

abundance of Pumpeons, Maiz, Potato's, and all manner of delicious Fruit- as
alfo Oxen, Sheep , and other Cattel, which go grazing up and down in great
Herds
the Village that is upon it boafts about fifty Huts, built long of Straw,
with a Door in the middle, and round like an Arch on the top.
fplit

a frefli

and Candijh were formerly fomewhat roughly Entertained here

but they fhew'd themfelves fomewhat more civil to the Dutch
by the Inhabitants
Sir Francis T)rake

Van

Itfoort's

and Splbsrgen'i Enter-

tainment

Muhx.

in

and

The

coming to an Anchor here

Anno 1 600, put one John Claef^pon (Condemned for fome great Crime to be Landed
on fome ftrange Place) afhore on La Mocha, with a few Trifles
for which being
kindly Entertained, the Seamen refolv'd to go afhore the -next day, who were likewife civilly Treated. The Governor of Mocha coming aboard, Lodg'd a Night in
Admirals,

Oliver Van lS[port

Joris Spilhergen

firft

and afterwards conducted the Admiral through the Village, but forbad
the Seamen from entring any of the Huts
out of which the Women upon the
;

the Ship,

hearing of a fudden noife, carne running out, and kneel'd

three Parties, whileftan old

Matron came

gave each of the Netherlander s a

A Man

Marries as

Cup

many Wives

full to

down on

the

Ground

in

forth with a Pitcher full of Chic a, and

drink, fitting on Blocks in the Fields.

They alf live peacea-

here as he can maintain.

bly one with another, and go Cloth'd with a pair of Breeches, and Frock without

The Women
hang down carelefly.

Sleeves.
it

tie their

Hair

in Braids

about their Heads, but the

Men

let

Landing here with four well Mann'd Boats, found

of People, who had brought all manner of Provifions to barter

Fifteen years after Spilhergen

the Shore full

The Inlanders going aboard, wondred to fee the Soldiers

and much more when a Gun was fiYd
They furnifh'd the

againft Axes and Knives.

drawn out

in order,

with a hundred Sheep, amongft which was one with an extraordinary

long Neck, and Legs, Hair, Mouth, and Back like a Cammel.
The
Hollanders

Chap, IV.
The NetberLmd

*M

M ERIC

6^

A.

Admiral, Hcndnck Brewer, coming to an Anchor on the Coafl of

Guadalanquen, Anno 1643. was informed by the Chilefes, that about four years before they had burnt BaldiVia, murder'd the Spaniards that were in Garrifon, and
pour'd melted Gold

down

Throat and

the Governor's

and made a
DrinkingcCup of his Scull, and Trumpets of his Shin*bones. 'Brewer alio found
fome Ruines of the City, which formerly boafted four hundred and fifty Houfes,
and was not yet fo utterly defac'd, but that the two Markets and crofs Streets were
plainly to be feen, and the Walls gave fufficient teftimony of its ancient luftre.
into his Ears,

The Countrey round

about produces Wheat and Barley

neither are there any
Mines to be found that produce finer Gold than thofe which are hereabouts. In
5

the

Mouth of the River which

runs to BaldiVia,

are grofs and fat, and fpend their time in

men do

all

About

lies a

fmall

Ifle,

Men whereof
whileft the Wo-

the

Drinking and Dancing,

Work.

the

the City

though lying under a cold Climate,

Ofofno,

Gold*Mines, where above two thoufand

Chilefes

a Soil full

is

of

are under the fubje&ion of the

Spaniards.

Since Tennis Slearte-Teun conquer'd and ruin'd this Place with fmall Forces un*
der Spilbergens Command, it hath not-yet repaired its Loffes ; The Ruines of great

Buildings are fufficient testimonies of

its

former fplendor.

On the

utmoft Point of the Ifland, on which Oforno is built, lies the Village CarelMappo, burnt by H. Brewer, An. 1643. for he Landing fixty fix Men here, under the

Command

of the Enfign Blaue^enhaen, they Engag'd with ninety Spaniards,

took themfelves to the Woods, leaving

The

Sea*Coaft of Chile

lies as folio weth

ley Copayapo, runs Southerly to the

gayo

the convenient

fix

Haven

Harbor Quintero,

Men and
:

fifteen

Horfes behind them.

Defection

begins on the North with the Val-

It

Coquimba, and

at the

who be-

makes the large

Mouth of the River

CoaVofS//,,

Inlet Jton-

Concagua,

is

alfo to

the Southward.

Next Quintero follow the Havens Valparayfa,

veral Mountains cover'd with Snow.

The Stream

Labapi difembogues alfo in the

and

Topocalma,

Bay

Arauco,

fenco,

known by

fe-

where the Sea wadiing

over the Shore, makes good Salt.

On

the Shore of the River Lebo, Garcias Mendo^a built the

Town

not long after was deferted, by reafon of the Wars with the

Chilefes.

From
Cauten

the

makes

Haven
a

Channel runs to the City Qonfines

convenient Harbor before the City Imperial.

Next appear
the Promontory
Eaftward up

Carnero a

its

alfo the River

the Streams Token, Queule, ValdiYia, Chabin, and Bueno

Gallego, Qnli

into the

Countrey

Denomination, and

rich Plate*Countrey Totofi,

and near

ends to the South.

lies the

great Province Tucuman, inhabited

three forts of People, vi^. Juries, Diagnitas, and Tucumans,

receives

which

Canete,

juts

Northward

from

by

whom the Countrey

againft the Chicas, belonging to the

Eaftward towards the Province La

The Province

flata,

and Weft ward

t
61

towards the South Sea.

The Ground about the

City St.Jago delEftero, formerly call'd Vans, being the

Bifliop's See ,and Refidence of the Governors, is brackifli and fandy. The Citizens are moft of them Weavers j the Natives go Cloth'd, and are of an affable

Temper and Difpofition.

The River Eftera yearly overflows the Countrey, which being dung'd with
Mud, produces abundance of Mai^ Barley, Wheat, and all manner of Fruits.
The Stream Salado runs the fame Courfe as the Eftera, from the Weft to the Eaft
through a Plain-Countrey, but hath brackifli Water, and abundance of Fifh.

Nn

n x

Be-

tween

M E'KI C

Chap.

J.

Honey, Wax, Cotton, and

Qochemk. Cattel alio increafesin abundance, as likewife Deer, and other Venifon
and for Fowl, Partridges, Pigeons, and the like but the Tygers and Lyons do
much mifchief to the Inhabitants. Their chief Commodities for Trade and Mer-

ween both

thefe Rivers the Inhabitants get plenty of

chandife are Cloth, Cotton and Salt.

Gafcias Me?ido%a built the

Towns

Henna Londres

in the

Province

dub a in the Territory of the Juries, but they were both of

Calchaqui,

and

Gor*

them foondeferted.

Behind Tern and (Laflata the Plains Omagua%d extend themfeives along the Rivers Paraguay and Bermeio, under a temperate Climate, where the Inhabitants go
Clothed, and keep abundance of Catteh
\

Produ&qns
Countrey, mid Na-

of the

tare of the

Pe P

?'

m oft rplaces

hereabouts breed wonderful large Baboons, with Ions Tails and

&
&
wounded
pull
the
which
Arrows
of
being
out
the
earc j s
Wound,
and throw
,
>

back the lame with a grim Countenance at thofe that (hoot them.
{

The
The
The

Serpents are likewife To big here, that they fwallow whole Deer.

Rivers breed horrid Crocodiles, and the Woods, Lyons and Tygers.
Inhabitants differ both in their Cuftoras and

Language

the generality of

Drunk. They keep yearly a great Feaft, to reconcile the

Souls of their PredeceiTors to them
to which purpofe they bring as many roafted
then Drink three days after, and on the
Oftriches as they have Souls to Offer to
laft they carry the Head of a fair Virgin (who freely offers her felf to be kilTd)

them

are continually

about the

Town, making a

the end of

which they

which Cuftom

all

fad

and lamentable noife for the fpace of an hour

begin to laugh, and oftentimes

fall a killing

at

one another

moftobferv'd amongft the Matarani.

is

Tkcjbijjoms go naked in Summer, and in the Winter Clothe themfeives with

Furrs

they Paint their whole Bodies with Spots like the Tygers, Carve their Bo-

dies all over,

making Cut*work of their

Skins, into

Feathers, as alfo through their Noftrils, Lips,

greateft Beauty.

They honor

rable Tortures.

The Women hang

never bring up above

The
The
jinno

thofe for their

two Children,

blanks range up and

ftick Oftriches

and Ears, and account Baldnefs the

Gods, who patiently endure unfuffe*

their Faces

and Breafts

for they kill all

down without

which they

full

of Pearls

They

above that number.

Habitations under the open Skie

Giants Tobae fpeak a curious Language, but are very falvage and cruel.

57

1. Erouaca,

Man amongft them, devoured his own Sifter, Wife,

When they defign to go a Journey, they roaft their Sons

a prime

Mother, and Children.

and Daughters, to ferve them for Provifions in ftead of other

upon

Flefli

and

their Sick

Complaint bury'd alive.

The Caaguiaares, who* dwell in Huts in great Woods, feed on Woorms, Mice,
Apes, Tygers, and wild Honey
moft of them are bunch-back'd, and go clad

are

the leaft

with the Skins of wild Beafts.

HAP.

Chap.
tiu

,U

tti>

'

* 'cH

MB%

Ill,

ffif, .*,

v*V

v<>*

.*'*i vrf,

*V.

."^

v** ,

v"H v'H

v**,

v'H.

jrflt

jft.

A. J"t

.'*\-

vf*t

I C A:

rH

jf*.

CHAP.

A, f^V iT^ jf!^ iJ'^ iT*^ ^i Ar

1

A A A Af

iJ*i-

jfyt jfi\

/*V J*i

1IL

Magenanica;

NOrthward againfl

new

others Sail'd

which from

the Countrey,

is

thern Ocean, divers Steering

Magellan

G{io de la Plata jut

sevcnivojas

wrongly call'd Magellanka to which feveral Voya- f/J^f^

have been made by fundry People from the North^Sea to the Sou*

Ferdinand Magaglianus

ges

and

Chili

ft ill

more or

1"

riewO^urfes: for fome followed the

PafTage between Mauritius and the

of

By which means Le Mdir open'd

States -lfland
and H. 'Brewer, a Way below

South-Weft

lefs

Straights

the States -Ifland^ yet all Steer'd their Courfe Wefterly,fo that none of them returned
the

fame Way, except

Herkmans and Capt.

Elias

Ladrillero,

the laftof whom

coming

go to the North=Sea, met with fuch Storms, that he was forc'd to

Tack about, and ftand back again to Chili 3 as Herkmans did from Chili toBrafile,
Anno 1579* Peter Sarmiento weigh'd Anchor with two Ships, and Sailing from

from

Chili

to

Lima through the

Qallao de

Straights

of Magellan to

Amber, difcover'd in one Inlet eighty five

Ifles,

ran by the

Spain,

and
founded all

Ifles Felix

moft of them defolate,

the Havens, found abundance of Oyfters with Pearls in them, call'd an Inlet

'

Pedr s arm ' m

dltl0 5-

'Fran*

and a Mountain on the right*hand, Punta de la Gente %ubra, becaufe the Inhahabitants thereof painted their Bodies red, found the Havens Mifericordia and Can*
cifco,

delaria,

and the

Ifland Sataynes,

where

five

of the Natives gave him an Account of

whom he Cruis'd, and had

Fire. On the Promontory Ana

Sir Francis Drake, for

of a fnowy Mountain^

fight

he erected a woodden Oofs,

whofe top vomited
and laid a Writing under the fame, wherein he advertis'd all Perfons to take notice.; that Pope Alexander the Sixth had freely given the King of Spain all the Conn*
treys thereabouts.

Not long

after

he Steer'd through the

Straights

of Magellan along

the Coaft of Brajile, to Spain,

Concerning the Sea-Coaft, which extends from Qnli to Magellanka, it is as fol- Jl 1 '
to Ma~
loweth : Next to the Promontory Felts lie Cypriaen, Clara, Cahode las IJlas, the Ifland afa niin.
1

Haven Domingo,

Socora, the

OchaVario,

and the Valley Nueftra

Ocean

Ahra de San Guillen, Punta

talina,

in the

lie

Amaro s and Viftoriano

Mouth of the

Road Stevan, the Cape Andres, and

between two Hills. Along the Southern

the Point Gallego, the

Sennora,
del

Gada, Los ^eyes^nnocentes^ Augufline,

(tfyia,

before which the three Mies call'd The Sorlings, are

Straights againfl the

Ca*

feeri

South Sea.

Magaglianus Steering hither, Winter'd within the Straights in an Inlet call'd St. Ju^
lian, ftay'd

two Moneths

abundance of

Fifli,

before the

Mouth of the River

Santa Q'ui^,

where he took

and from thence ran along the Shore to the Promontory Las

was difcover'd on the Day

Confecrated to St. Urjula and her eleven thoufand Virgins Going a League up into
the Countrey, he found a Hut, in which above two hundred dead Bodies were bury'd
after a ftrange manner, and on the Shore a great Whale, driven on the Sands by a
Storm. He nam'd the Countrey to the Southward, Terra del Fuego becaufe from the
Virgines,

which received

that

Denomination, becaufe

it

Night he efpy'd feveral Fires. He was exceedingly delighted with the pleafant Coafts on each fide of the Straights, which were the more
pleafant, by reafon of feveral Hills overgrown w ith fweec-fmelling Trees, whofe

Promontory

Seyerino in the

sops lay cover'd with

Snow.

Nn

Magaglianus

70
:

ci.r,

Magaglianm was follow'd,

iixpcdi
,1

Gar

Lo.ijJj,

and others.

Straights

near the

George he

M E %I C
rfnrio

Promontory

A.

Chap.

1525. by Garcias Loayfa,

Virgmes,

who

endur'd great Colds

found ftore of green Cinamon

in the

The People he

Sailing into the

Haven

St.

reported to be of

fo.monftrous a feature, that they might well be accounted Giants

fome of
went
naked,
others
whom
wore a Net of Feathers made faft about their Waftes
and others a loofe Garment all over their Bodies. Loayfa gave this Countrey,

inhabited by

Denomination of Terra del fatagoni. He judged the

Straights of Magellan to be a hundred and ten Spanifh Miles long between
the two
Promontories, Virgines at the North Sea, and Defeado at the Southern Ocean.
Within lie three Inlets, which have feven Leagues in breadth.
Simon
left-fide

Men

Giants,

Alcana
of the

to return

the

Sailing hither nine years after loayfa, fhunn'd the

Straights,

to the

becaufe

Haven

it

Land on

the

lay mod: under Water, and

Leones,

where he and

was fore'd by his

Seamen were put to

all his

death.

Not long after the Bifliop of Placentia

Straights, Anno 1 540. loft their Admiral
let

fitted
;

Las Zorras, (fo call'd, becaufe they took

out three Sail, which entring the

the Vice-Admiral Wintering at the In-

many

Foxes on a Champain Countrey

without Trees) return'd to Spain without any farther fuccefs
the third Ship with
much ado arriv'd alfo at Jrequipa.
:

The Voyage
of Hawkins,
~Dia\e, and

Caudijb.

The

Captain, Richard Hawkins, alfo Sailing hither, found the Land

on
the South fide of the Straights, moft broken, and in fome places a few
Huts.
Anno 1578. Sir Francis Drake Sailing hither along the Coaft of
fBrafile, Landing
on an liland in the Mouth of the Straights, kill'd above three thoufand
Englijh

Birds. Sailing from hence he was miferably tofs'd in the South Sea, and difcover
d about the
middle of the Straights, that the Current out of the Southern and

Northern Ocean
where a great Bay bends Southwardly
To three Ifles he gave
the Name of Elizabeth, Bartholomew, and George, and drove
three Weeks without
making any Sail, in fnowy, mifty,and rainy Weather, falling amongft
dangerous
Rocks, and atlaftAnchor'd in the Haven Health, which hefocall'd,
becaufe his fick
and wearied Men being refrefh'd there, he fet Sail from thence and return
d home.
Captain Thomas Qtndijh following Sir Francis Drake eight years after,
found near
a Creek within the City fhtlip-Jladt, built there by the Spaniards,
to fecure the Paf.
fage out of the Northern to the Southern Ocean for themfelves
to which purpofe
they held four hundred Men in Garrifon in the faid City,
which lying near a pleafant Wood, was defended by four Bulwarks, each fortifi'd
with a Brafs Gun
But
the Spaniards not being able to endure the Cold,
nor get in their Harveft, which
was continually fpoil'd by the Natives, were fo pinch'd with
Hunger, that after
three years ftay many of them dy'd in their Houfes,
which caus'd a filthy Stink,
and confequently a vile Diftemper, not unlike the Small-pox
at laft twenty three
of them, amongft whom were two Women, judg'd
it convenient to bury their
great Guns, and march away with their
Mufquets a whole Year they traveled in
great want, feeding on the Leaves of Trees,
wild Roots, and Fowls which they
now and then kill'd at laft they refolv'd to travel by Land to

met

at the place

%h de la Plata, but
never any news was heard what became of them, onely one
Spaniard, call'd Ferdinand, being ftray'd from the reft, was
taken by Qandijh, to whom he gave the fore,
mentioned Relation. Candifi entring
Vhtltp-ftadt, found a Gibbet, on which hung a
Malefactor in Chains, a Church, the Houfes full of
famifVd Bodies, and
.

four

Brafs Guns, which he digg'd out of the

Ground.

From hence he ran to a freffiwater River (which difembogues into the

Straights ,) whofe Banks are inhabited by
cruel Cannibals, and the Countrey all
about plain Pafture Grounds, whereas moft
part

Chap.

<iA

III.

of the Shore in the

part

M E %^I C

Straights

is

6?

A.

very mountainous.

Candijh

Landing, found

Knives and Stilktto's arnongft the Man-eaters, and lay a whole Moneth at
Anchor in the weftern Mouth of Magellanica, by reafon of great Storms, feeding on
Spanijh

Mufsles, Cockles, and

home

at

lafl:

Fowl

and from thence Sail'd about the World, returning

Tun of Gold.
Commanding five Tfytberland

with a Booty of twenty

Anno 1599. Simon de Corks

Straights

of Magellan, found

Ducks and GeeCc, and

Bay, Mufsles of a Span long, abundance of

in the green

many Trees not unlike

The Wind blew
Shell.

a great

bigger, and had a fliarp biting

Veflels, entring the

Laurel, they being onely

exceeding hard here over

infomuch that they were fometimes driven from four Anchors.

A few Moneths after Qlfoer VanNoord follow'd Cordes, and Anchor'd near the
Tinvuyn Ifies, the bigger! whereof is calll'd Cajlemme, and the leaft Talke the Inhabitants thereof dwell in Caverns under Ground, and feed on the Birds Tinguyns, of
the Rocks,

whofe Skins they make Mantles. Thefe Birds weigh generally fifteen or fixteen
Pound, have black Backs, white Bellies, very thick Skins, long Bills like Ravens,
fhort thick Necks, two plum'd Fins in ftead of Wings, black Feet like a Goofe, and
delicate Flefh, notwithstanding they feed on Fifh, after which they fwim very
fwift with the fore.mention'd Fins, which hang down on each fide along their Bo*

wb^

The

'

"'

IffiU

when they walk upright on the Shore they fit generally four together in their
Holes, made after fuch a manner, that a Man which knows not of them, may ere

dies

he be aware, fink up to the Knees in the fame, and be bitten terribly by the Legs.
Cordes his Seamen got in two hours time above nine hundred of thefe Birds, whiled
J

he difcover'd thefalvage People Enoo, which inhabit the Countrey Cofii, and are divided into the Families fymenetes, Jfynmkas, and Caraike 5 the firfi: inhabited the
Territory Can ay

the fecond Caramay

Cheeks and Forehead.

their

and the third, Morine

all

ill!

of them Paint

Farther into the Countrey dwell the Trimenes, a gi*

gantick fort of People, eleven Foot high,

who maintain

continual

Wars with

their

Neighbors.

Moreover, Noord difcover'd

Straights

feveral Inlets full

of

Ice

of Magellan, whither the United Netherlands have

and

frefh

fin ce fen t

Water in the
the Admirals

j oris Spilhergen, and Jaques le Heremite. The common opinion, that

the Countrey on the South fide of Magellan is of the Main Continent, Experience
hath manifested ; for Schouten found the fame, Anno 1616. who Sailing from forto

William Schouten,

Defin, le^ the Straights of Magellan on the right-hand, and Sail'd Southerly through
whitifli Water, and in fifty four Degrees difcover'd a Channel eight Leagues

broad, through which ran a ftrong Current.

The

Coall: roie

with high Moun*

whofe tops were cover'd with Snow. The utmoft Point was cali'd Mauritius,
from the Prince of Orange the broken Coafi: on the other fide. The States -IJland $
and the Straights it felf, Le Mam, upon the Requeft of the Merchant Jacob Le Main,
whofe Father Ifaac was chief owner of the two Ships of which Schouten was Com-

tains,

who

found fomany Whales here, that he could fcarce Steer clear of them,
they fwimmingby hundreds in a Shoal. The Sea-pies, much bigger than Swans,
iurTer'd themfelves to be caught by the Hands of the Sea*men. Moreover he call'd

mander,

the barren grey Rocks,

Hoorn, Bamevields

Ifles.

and others
Sailing

leiTer,

lying North*Ea(lfrom the Promontory

beyond the Point Hoorn, he was

tofs'd

by the vail

Billows that came rowling out of the Weft;

It

was no fooner

had found the Straights

two Carvels thither, under

nois'd abroad, that the IStytherlanders

Le Main, but the SfUmjh King fbilij} immediately fent

the Command of Garcias de l^odal, who took an exact Account of the Heads,Roads,

and

Inlets

ming any

belonging to the fore-mention'd

other Exploits.

Straights,

and recurn'd without perforDiego

Great Diko-

S/^
M^lnln

AMERICA.

Ill,

of Magellan with
hundred Seamen,

Diego Flores Steer'd four years before Candijb to the Straights

** timt
voyage to
the Straigts
of Magellan,
fiJ

Chap.

twenty three

of Ships, Mann'd with three thoufand

Sail

five

hundred old Netherland Soldiers, with which he unhappily weigh'd Anchor from Qtles ; for before he got out of fight of the Spanijh Coaft, he loft five
befides five

Men

of his Ships and eight hundred

ring the Winter Seafon

on

yet profecuting his Voyage, he ftay'd du-

the Coaft oBrafile,

and was

by

vehement a
Storm, near the Ifland Catalina, that a company of Women, fent under the Charge
of Peter Sarmiento to Settle in the Straights of Magellan, were all cad away, with the
gteateft part of the Ammunition and Provifions.
The Englifl? Admiral Fenton
took three Ships of this Fleet from Flores, two were caft away in the River La Plata,
and one ran back to
laft

day of March,

at

furpris'd

To

came into the Straights of Magellan on the

whole Countrey lay cover'd with Snow

Spain, whileft Flores

which time the

wherefore feeing no hopes of finding out any place to Settle Sarmiento upon, he
flood back with eight Sail to

took two more, and Sail'd home.

nor

<Peter Sarmiento,

But

Landed the Year

Men, thirty Women, and Provifions

from whence libera

Mouth

his

Return burnt three

in his

French Ships,

Lieutenant Diego libera, and the Gover-

after Flores his departure,

with four hundred

Moneths,

in the Straights

Sail'd back, whileft Sarmiento built

on the North

of the Straights, the

narroweft place,

and

!BraJile,

Town

for eight

Nombre dejefm

with four Bulwarks

(philip -Jladt,

and

fifty

of Magellan
fide

Leagues farther

the Inhabitants of

which

of the
in the

(as

is

before related) were deftroy'd by Famine.

Defer
of Terra del

ingo.

Terra clelFuego, already mentioned, oppofite to the Countrey of the Patagoncs, lyin the

South between the

Straights

of Magellan,

is

a broken Countrey, wich hi^h

Mountains full of Trees, and wafh'd by pleafant Rivulets

four Foot deep in the
Ground it begins to be all Rocky. The Air is troubled with exceeding great
Winds out of the Weft. The Inhabitants are pale Countenanc'd, but Paint their
:

Bodies with divers Colours

Teeth

the
;

Men

go

ftark

they have long, thick, and black Hair, and very (harp

naked

of Leather, and wear Strings

full

the

Women

cover their fecret Parts with a piece

of Shells about their Necks- fomealfo Mantle

themfelves

*A

Chap. IV.

M E <K.I C

6yy

A.

which affords but little warmth againft

thcmfclvcs with the Skins of wild Beads,
Their Huts confift of Trees, and are made round
the Cold that is here in Winter.
a Hole for the Smoak
(harp on the top like a Tent, having onely
at

bottom, and

to 20 out at

round with

Ground, and alio heap d

they are diggd three Foot deep into the
Fifliwithin the Huts nothing is to be found but Baskets with
Earth
5

Arms

the

Men

always carry about

Their offenfive
ine Utenfils and Stone Hooks.
maintain Wars with their Neighbors.
with them, becaufe they always

They han-

dexteroufly, are good Slingers and Bowemen . they alfo

dle a Quarter-ftaff very
Stone Points. Moreover they make Boats of the Bark of
life Lances with fliarp
into a Form, then ft wing it together, bow the
Trees, which they firft cut out

fame

manner of a Boat, which rifes before and behind, and being fifteen
exceeding fwift. Thefe People
Foot long, can carry eight Men, going

after the

or fixteen

Practices, but alfo Murderers.

are not onely beaftial in their
Main, Henrick <BreTer hath found a new PafLaftly, befides the Straights of Le
to the
States -Ijland, out of the Northern Ocean
fage to the Eaftward above the
,

South Sea.

^M^MMMiiMiiMMMM^.
C HAP.

IV.

The unknown South-Land.

South-Land extends with feveral Points to the Southern
Nations.
Ocean, which have been morefeen than difcover'd by divers
which
Oppofite to the Eaft-lndia Ifland Gilolo, lies Terra desfapom, to

THe

unknown

Main gave the Denomination of New Guinee.

The Engltjh Commander, Richard Hawkins, Sailing

Jacob le

to the

Southward behind

round about appear feveral Ides

found the Inhabitants black like Negro's
EaA, the Countrey Agnada,
and convenient Harbors. Herrera places here on the
Andreas, the River Virginum, and
the Road St. Jago, the Ifland Us Crefaos, the Haven
Next you meet
LaVellena, before the Mouth of the Stream Juguftine.
:

<?apou,

the

little Iflc

the Havens Hieronymm, the

Eaflerly with the Rivers St. Peter and St. Paul,
inhabited by white People.
Abrigo, Malagente, and Maun de Dios,

Ifles

funta

Salula,

The firft

that difcover'd

New

Guinee,

Anno

as alfo feveral others befides him, fuppos'd that

New

529.

was Jlvaresde

fome of

SaVedra, who,Difcovm

the Iflands Solomons border

M^z-

Guinee.

of which fome are three hunhundred, and fome

dred Leagues in circumference, fome two hundred, others one
Proviare inhabited have a fruitful Soil, producing all manner of
Eighteen of the

fifty

many

Solomon

Ifles

exceed the

reft,

Ail that

sions, particularly

Hogs and Poukrey.

The Natives

differ

very

much one from

another, for fome are black, others white or tawny.

The

fore-mention'd

Hawkins in his Voyage towards the

Straights

of Magellan?

by eftimation to be fifty Leagues from the MainCoaft of America, difwith a Wefterly

cover'd forty Degrees to the Southward of the EcjuinoBial Line,
and to
Wind, the unknown South-Land ; which he found to confift of low Land,
Night.
be inhabited, by reafon of the many Fires which he faw aftiore in the
The Spanijh Commander, Peter Vernandes de Quiro, and the Admiral Lodo^ickPaes
made a farther Difcovery of this Countrey for Landing on the

fuppofing

it

deTorres, have
":

South-

UM-BX.IC A.

6 '*

Chap. .

Scutb-Und, they met with federal People, fome

whereof were brown others
white, and others fallow
fome had long and lank, others Ihort and
curl'd Hair
They acknowledged no King or fupream Governor, nor
were Govern'd by any
Laws neither bad they any Wall'd Towns or Forts but
being divided amonoft
themfelves, they continually Encountred one
another with Darts, Clubs and
Staves. Their Houfes built of Wood, were
cover'd with the Leaves of
Palm
Trees. Their Houfholdrtuff confided in Earthen
Dimes, Pots, Ropes Fifli.nets
Flutes, Drums, and yarmfh'd Spoons.
Their Gardens were neatly kept
Near
tneir Temples were Burying-places. They
Row'd very fwift in little Boats Their
Bread, well tailed, was made of long thick
Roots, either roafted or
.

boyl'd

Fertility^
P'trnry,

Here

and

BLiches of the

Countrey.

alfo

grow

of

fix forts

flatano's, great abundance of

Cittrons, thick Sugar-Canes, Palm-Trees,
which yield Wine,
tafte not much unlike Quinces
but the greateft benefit

Almonds, Oranges
and Oho,

Cocoa's,

in

which they receive is from

whereof is delicious Meat and Drink
theoutermoft Shells
whereof ferye for Cups or Dimes, the inner for
Ropes and Cordage of the
Leaves they make Sails and Mats, and cover
their Houfes with the fame ! of
the
Body, Oars, Clubs, Pikes, and Props for their
Houfes.
Belides feveral forts of Pot-herbs, here
grow very high Coleworts and SloaV,.
fne Countrey alfo abounds with Pigeons,
Partridges, Ducks, Goats, Hogs
'
and other ordinary Cattel and Fowls.
.

the Cocoa tints, the Pulp

The

Rivers afford them Souls, Salmon, Thornback,

Sea-Cocks, Eels, Gurnets
and ieveral other unknown Fillies, very delicate

and wholfom
This Countrey alfo produces Nutmegs,
Maftick, Peppers," Ginger, Cinamon,
Gold Silver, Pearls, Silk, Sugar, Annifeed, Honey,
Wax, Ebony.wood, Turpen!
r
tine, Lime-pits, and Marble.
bends twenty Leagues into the Countrey,
hath a fafe Harbor and
excellent Ground, confiding of black
Sand. Two great Rivers difcharge 'their
Waters into the faid Bay, round about
which are pleafant Woods, full of Quails
Parrakito s Parrots, Nightingales, and
Bulfinches, which Sing very fweetly. The
BloiToms efpecally of Orange-Trees,
and the Herb Ahaca, yield an odoriferous
lmell. The whollom Air adds vigor
to aged People.
Fernanda do Qnir delivering the
fore-mention'd Account to Wt&b the Second
King of Spam, mov'd him to Plant the
unknown South-Land, and the rather beetle he had not found any fnowy Mountains,
drown'd Land, Crocodiles
rany hurtful Creature
7" was not regarded, fothatno6>WJ hath
finf e th
tmtt let Foot on the unknown South-Land.
;"
But the
<PkU,ps,<Bay

W-

r\
3?
Allrt

2S5t

dtaking the Defign with great eagernefs,

feat
ktrkznd Seacock, under the
very or the faid Southland

Eaft-Indl

two Ships,
Command oUbel Tafman, to make a
Anno 1 642. on the twelfth of
Jugift,
thither

vi

Company

the Hon],

farther Difco-

they weigh'd
through the Straights of Sunda to MauriceMand,
where
they Anchor'd in the North.
Weft Haven before the Caftle FredenchHennch, on
the
htth or September in the
fore-mention'd Year. On the eighth of Oliob.
Tafman

Anchor from

BataVia, Sail'd

ttood over to the South.Land,

near which he was furpris'd by a violent Storm
aft
terwatds, on the twenty fifth of
Number, he difcover'd a barren Shore, ag'ainft
which the Sea beat very furioufiy
and Steering along this Coaft, he found a convenient Inlet, but was fore'd by
the hard Weather to ftand off to Sea
again
yet
not long after approaching the
Shore, he faw great hollow Trees, and roundabout
.

them abundance of Mufsle-fliells, and

from the Wood heard a flrrill noife of People Singing: Going to the
fame place again, he put the Orange Flagon
a Pole,
Carv d with the Eaft.hdia Companies
Arms, and call'd the Inlet Frederick- Henruk,
and

AMERICA,

Chap. IV.

655

from thence Eaflward, he on the

eighteenth of'December difcover'd a convenient Haven, where fending his Sloop to
followed by a Boat, which
difcover the Shore, he came back in the Evening, being
approach'd nearer and nearer, but Might coming upon him, he could not well
and
difcern what they were that purfu'd him, but heard the cry of hoarfe Voices,

the

whole Coaft,

Anthony Van Dicmen,

Sailing

Trumpet, which the Netherland Seamen anfwer'd by

hollowing, and blowing on their Trumpets, and at laft firing a Gun, the South*
return'd afliore. Tafman
landers made a hideous noife P and blowing their Horns,
a

flirill

noife like that of a

Hangers, Pikes, and Mufquets ready Charg'd, upon the Decks. The next day the Soutblanders ca.me in feveral Boats, two and two
the Gunner of the The s*tv'd together, and cover'd with Planks, towards the Ships
landers dtfpe*'
&
'j
A
o
y
f f
y-,
t1
Henukerk going with fix Men in a Boat to help mount iome Guns in the oe&LwR, me Attempt
shi ps
were betwixt both Ships fet upon by the Soutblanders, who approacht with a hideous

hereupon

call'd his

Watch,

laid

other three to
noife, kiirdfour of the Hollanders with long Poles, and fore'd the

which they had no fooner done, but they Row'd

the
with incredible fwiftnefs towards the Shore, infomuch that they were out of

fave themfelves

by fwimming

Guns before they could make ready to fire at them. Tafman finding
the Lives of his Seamen
that there was no good to be done here, fince he hazarded
followed by divers Boats,
againft a company of wild People, he fet Sail, but was
of Iron and Stones, which killing fome
at which he fir'd his After.Guns with pieces
ty'd two and
of them, made the reft return. In the midft of the Boats, which were
two together, fat the Commander, who encourag'd the Rowers they all us'd

reach of their

Clubs without Points.

Thefe People were grofs of Body, undaunted, ftrong, and of a tawny colour
which
the Hair of their Heads ftroak'd up round, was ty'd up on their Crown, on
they wore in
about their Necks hung a fcjuare Plate
ftuck a ftirf white Feather
Breafts.
ftead of Cloaks, fquare pieces of Cloth, made fail before on their
Murderers Say,
Tafman, by reafon of his rough Entertainment call'd this Harbor,
and afterwards Saii'd along the Shore till the fifth of January 1643. on which Day
Streams, with a
he dropt Anchor near a little Rocky Ifland, from which fell two

great noife into the Sea.

to

come on

The

Inhabitants, a ftrong People, beckned to the

Seamen

Shorej fomelean'don thick Clubs 5 others Fenc'd one with another. TaJ-

Sloop afhore for Water with two Drakes, retum'd without any,
wherefore
not beincr able to Land, by reafon of the hollow Sea near the Shore 5
of Woods of very
Sailing from thence he difcover'd two low Ifles, which were full

man fending

his

from the biggeft whereof came a little Boat (harp before and behind,
Row'd with great fwifc
in which three fallow Men, fitting behind one another,
all his Men to go unnefs towards the Hemskerk ; whereupon Tafman commanded
come aboard
der the Hatches, that the three Soutblanders might not be afraid to
one of them,
he alfo threw a piece of Linnen out of his Cabbin Window, which
fame on his
leaping into the Sea, took up, and as a fign of thankfulnefs, laid the

tall

Trees

took
Head, and being hereby emboldned, they came nearerthe Rudder, where they
Seamen
up a Knife, ty'd to a piece of Wood, out of the Water, and* return d the
the Shore,
a Fidihook of Mother-of-Pearl, ty'd to a Cotton Line. Approaching
Sticks.
faw abundance of People running along, with two little Flags on
they

Some of the Natives came

bold than the

reft

in their Boats clofeup

with Tafman's Ship

entring the fame, was found to be a

black Beard, and green Leaves about his Neck,

who

fat

tall

Man

down on

and one more

with a broad

the

Deck with

tafman reLegs under him, and bow'd down his Head oftentimes very low :
his Cabbin, but a
turning his Civility, took him by the Hand to Treat him in
his

Dog

656

Dog which was

*A

M E\lC

in the Ship Barking, he

again.

Several other Southlanders

Seamen

fearing

grew

A.

Chap. IV.

fearful,

and went into

his

Boat

fwam

aboard, and others brought fifang arid

Gaffes in their Boats. Againft the Evening a great Veflel, furrounded with lelTer
Boats, came Rowing towards the Hemskerk, the Men making a great noife.
the

fome Delign, ran

Arms, but were convine'd of their

Friendfliip by the Gifts they Prefented them with from the Governor of
the Ifland.
The next day a flrange Boat came near the Sea-Cock, vi^. two Sloops, which
to their

all

being ty'd together, and cover'd with Boards, carry'd feveral Men,
Commanded
by a Captain, by them call'd Orangkay
On the midft of the Boards
Ruflies,

which coand cover'd over with ft/am

caus'd

to Sail very fwiftly.

ver'd the

two

Leaves

the Sails

about

this

Hut made of
being made of Mats,

Boats, flood a

Sloop

Row'd

it

Round

which loud Acclamations were heard,

every one crying.out, Bael\ Hael
during which noife, thofe Southland which
were already come aboard, fat ftill on the Decks, which made Tafman
think that
their King himfelf was coming to give him a Vifit, which
accordingly fell out,
for he came and Prefented him with feveral Hogs, Poukrey,
Gaffes and
letter

Boats, out of
:.

fifanL

cover'd with white Cloths.

all
Interview be-

tween Tafman
and the Southlandijh King.

This

King was Habited in a Suit, the Stuff whereof refembled Qhu

nefe Paper, doubled and pafted together, and was attended by a
great Train of
Men, Women, and Children, all of them as black as a Coal fome of them
fwam
Southlandijh

after,

and others follow'd him in Boats.

Thefe.Southlanders barter'd

their Clothes

and Necklaces, which confided of

Mother-of- Pearl and white Cockles, and Fifhhooks made alfo of
Mother-ofPearl, againft Nails, Knives, and the like Trifles.
Tafman caus'd a Shirt, Breeches, Doublet, and Hat, to be put on
an old Oranghay 5 who being thus Cloth'd, flood a confiderable time
admiring of

and

himfelf,

was alfo much wonder'd at by

came back without his Clothes.

his

Subjeds

but going into the Countrey, he

Another Orangka? being Prefented with a Rummer of Wine,

pour'd out the
Wine, and letting the Rummer on his Head, went away with great
joy.
Some of the Governors view'd the Ships, not onely above, but alfo
below the
Decks, and being brought to the Guns, they defir'd to know
the ufe of them
whereupon one being Difcharg'd, it fo affrighted them, that had
they
j

not been

held, they had all leap'd overboard.

Provifions were daily brought by the Southlanders to

the Hollanders in great Veffels, furrounded by many letter ftill as they put their Oars into the
Water, they
nude a hideous noife.

Tafman bringing fome empty VefTels upon the Deck, thereby

to make them un*
derftand that he wanted frcfli Water, the
Orangkays pointed to the Shore . whither
they went with two Boats, which return'd
without Water, the Inhabitants

them,

felves being fore'd to dig Pits to

get the

fame.

Mean

while other Southlandirs coming aboard, the Pilot

and Boatfwain's Boy
blow'd on their Trumpets, another play'd
on a Flute, and a fourth on a Violin,
whilcft fome of the the Seamen Dancing,
fo amaz'd the Natives, that they flood
like fenfelefs Creature, gaping
with open Mouth upon them.
Tafman looking into a Grammar which contain'd the
.

Language of the Solomons

found that many words which were us'd
by thefe People, had a areat fimi.
litude with thofe of that Language.
Ifles,

Befides thefe

Men,

them extraordinary

there
tall,

came likewife
efpecially

two,

a great

many Women

who might

juftly

be

aboard,

ftil'd

all

of

Gianteffes ..

four

AMERICA.

Chap. IV.

<j 57

one whereof had Muftacho's; both ran, and embracing the Chirurgeon Henrkk
Haelbos, defiYd carnal Copulation with him, and feem'd to quarrel one with ano-

him
Others confidently put their Hands into the Hollanders Breeches,
All of them had thick, curl'd, black
their Husbands giving confent thereunto
Hair, which theycolour'd red, and comb'd with ten little round Sticks ty'd together on the top, and left wide like Teeth at the bottom
yet fome of them let
they (have their upper Lips, but
their Hair hang down in long braided Locks
keep a fquare Beard on their Chin yet amongft the old People there were
fome whole Cheeks were overgrown with Hair Their manner of fhaving is with
the Teeth of certain Fiili made fall: to a Stick ; they all went bare-headed, except
fome few, who ty'd a fquare piece of Stuff, wrought of Leaves or Feathers, above
the upper parts of their Bodies were all naked, but
their Eyes againft the Sun
about their Middle fome wore a Girdle, others a Mat of Clappes Leaves, others a
ther about

Cloth not unlike

mens Apparel
farther down,

Qhinefe

Paper, about the lower parts of their Bodies.

differ'd little
Vi%? to their

from

Knees.

the

Mens, excepting that

They barter'd their

their

The Wo-

Aprons reach'd

Clothes againft Nails.

Some

of the Orangkays y being Entertain'd in the Cabbin, wonder'd to fee a Bullet that
was Difcharg'd from the Quarter-deck, fall into the Water at fo great a diftance.

Necks Motherof Pearl, white Cockles, fweet.fmelling

Flowers, green Leaves, or the Nails which they had gotten of the Hollanders Some
of the aged Women wanted both their little Fingers, and the young ones the upper
Haelbos pointing at the Stump,
Joynts of them, which the old Men alfo wanted
ask'd the reafon of it, but one of them laying his Hand under his Chin, made ftrange
Signs, out of which he could apprehend nothing.
On the twenty third of January, a fecond time Tafman went afhore for Water,

They wore about

their

carrying Spades and Pick-axes with him, to dig Pits with.

Two

of the

Hollanders

Boats going clofe together, in each of which were three Southlanders, Tafman call'd

Rowers

to his

to pull ftoutly

Rowing

which

the Southlanders

inTafmans Boat obferving to

and hooted at their Countrey*men that

were in the Seacocks Boat, when they chane'd to get beyond them** Tafman in his
o oing afhore difcover'd feveral Ides at a diftance, was kindly Entertain'd, and
towards the Evening carry'd by four Men through the Water, on a Mat made faft

tend to their

betwixt two Poles, to

the fwifter, laugh'd

his Sloop,

whither they alfo brought nine Hogs, and frefh

Water digg'd out of Pits.

Tafman being got about the Point of the Ifland, faw the Hemskerk under Sail
wherefore Rowing aboard the Sea-Qock, he was informed that (he had dipt her An

whereupon following her, he got fight of another green Ifland the next day,
along the Shore whereof ran feveral People with Sticks, on which hung white
Cloths
fome of them came aboard, and brought with them what Provifions the
chor

Ifland afforded.

of Pearl

The

Inhabitants bartered Qappes, (pifang, Fowls, Hogs, Mother*

FiiTuhooks, Stone Axes,

little

Stools, great Glubs, with a black Point as

Man's Arm, and hooked, againft Trifles. The Hollanders were alfo ftor'd
here with frefh Water. The People both in Language, Habit, rnd Cuftoms, were
very like thofe of the firft Ifland, but were not altogether fo courteous. One of
the Southlanders ftealing a Half pike out of the Boat was fore'd by his Companions
long

as a

to reftore the fame.

The

fore*mention'd Haelbos relates. That going afhore with fome Soldiers, he

fome of
at top than at bottom, and without any
of Canes, which were ftuck in the Ground } other
Huts
O" o o

faw their Houfes, which he found to be

them were round like Towers, Wider
Holes for Air, but

all built clofe

built after a ftrange

manner,

Yiz^

;.

5.8

M E<K1"C

Chap. IV.

A.

Huts were cover'd with a long Roof of fifang or Gaffes Leaves, reding on Pofts
under which kind of Building Haelbos fhelter'd himfelf againft a mighty Shower
of Rain, found divers young Men and Women fitting on Mats, and an old Woman,
blind through Age, lying by them on the Ground, and Fanning her felf with <PiJam Leaves The Men going away, fignifi'd thereby a kind of Invitation to the
5

Women, who

go to the

Hollanders to

not receiving the Entertainment they ex-

pected, rofe altogether on a fudden, and Singing, Danc'd about the

The Men had en their

Hollanders*

Shoulders and Breafts, Scars of half an Inch deep, and an

upon fome of which, being frefli and bleeding, the Flyes fat. They
eat after a ftrange manner, for dripping offthe outmoft Rinds of the Gaffes with
their Teeth, and breaking the hard Shell againft their Elbows, they pull out the
Inch long

Whatever Flefh-meat they

Kernel, and eat the fame.

eat,

they never throughly

warm. They fleep on the Ground upon

Mats, and lay their Heads on a little woodden Cricket with four Feet. They take
and thofe that have not long Hair of their own, ufe
great pride in their Hair

boyl or roaft

but make

it,

onely

it

jufl

Perukes.

Tafman fleering

was follow'd by
ry'd a

Courfe towards the high Coaft that lay before

his

feveral fmall Veftels

Bough of

this Illand,

from the adjacent Shore, of which fome

Qaffes or Tifung, with white Veins at the ends

car*

but feeing the

Ships Sail from them, they threw the fame overboard.

difcover'd three

Ifles,

Tafman flanding Wefterly,

near thelaft whereof the Sea broke exceedingly, which the

without great danger had approached

Hollanders not

in the

Night

they difcover'd to Leeward of them, a high Coaft, which extended

way, but the Sea went

fides, the

it

fo rough, that they durft not venture near the

Sea went very high on a Bank,

again ten, fourteen, and feven

firft

Fathom deep

which

after
felf a

Land

great
;

be-

and a half, and

Man might fee the

ten, then five, three

and oftentimes a
;

Ground, infomuch that they kept out the Boats belonging to the Hemskerk y which
was in moft danger, to carry them aboard of the Sea-Cockj if the firft fhould chance
Bank, they faw very high Land to Windward, and
the Sea alfo was full of blind Rocks and Shelves, fo

to fplit. Laftly, getting over the

many
th^at

hilly Ifies to

Leeward

they were in danger every hour, and the rather, becaufe the

Land, they fteer'd their Courfe Wefterly

Degrees Southward of the Line, towards New Guinee. On the two and

every day
in five

Wind blew hard

yet at laft lofing fight of

twentieth of March they difcover'd low

rounded with

company of Ides,

againft

Land

full

of

fome of which

W oods
7

of

tall

Trees, fur-

the Sea brake

with great

infomuch that they were again in great danger, efpecially when they
were got amongft eighteen Ides, between which the Water being (hallow, and the
Current running very ftrongly, drove the Ships towards the Shore
Whileft they
were Tacking to and again to get beyond the Shelves,a little VeiTel,carrying a great

violence,

Weathercock on her Starboard, came from the Shore, Row'd by feven Men, who
fat on Boards which lay over the fame
they were of a brown Complexion, onely
5
girt about with a hairy Girdle, made fail on the top of their Heads
under their
Feet they alfo wore fomething in ftead of Shoes, about their Necks hung Flowers,
and their Bodies were Painted black Among the feven, one who was very fat,
and whofe Head was adorn'd with two Feathers, flood up and profFcr'd the
Seamen two Gaffes ,* in return whereof Tafman gave them a Box of Nails and a
piece of SaiLcloth, which finking under Water, an aged Man div'd for the fame,
and bringing it up, gave it to his fix Companions, who made no mew of thank;

fulnefs.

Their Arms confifted

AnieuiV) as the

in

Bowes and Arrows.

Their Gaffes they

call'd

other Idanders had done.

Sailing

\jlME B^lCA.
r

Chap. IV..

6</9

from hence, they diicovcr'd two low Ifhnds full of Trees

Leagues from them, on their Starboard, a high Coaft, and on the other
Sailing

Ifland, whither they drove with a fmall Gale

fmall Boats came towards the

and the

leaft three, all

Yards were

the
Hemshrk
of them very deform/d

up with

ty'd

approaching

Chains of Mother-of- Pearl

fide a great

two very
two carry 'd fix Men,

biggeft of the

fame,

-the

they went (lark naked, onely their

String on their Bellies, and about their

and three

Arms hung

they were Coabblack, onely red about the Mouth,

which rednefs wasoccafion'd by the chewing atfifang in their Hair (luck woodden Combs, and on their Foreheads green Leaves but in each Boat was one who
had a bruifed Reed made faft in his Neck like a Plume the big'eeft Veffel was

Men

Painted with ftrange Shapes of

and Beafts

Bowes and Ar*

they us'd red

Seamen, they Row'd back again to the Shore which

a Stern of him, and ran between the Main Coaft (by all fuppos'd to be

rows, and having

cali'd to the

Tafman

left

j^efb Guinee)

and feveral great

Iflands, that lay fcatter'd

along before the Main

Coaft; from whence came four fmall Boats, adorn'd with Imagery like Serpents,
but kept without Gun-fhot from the Ships ; at laft one leaping overboard,fwam to
the fmalleft Boat, out of which one

wards came to the Hemskerks

fwam back

in his (lead to the other,

and

after-

he was a black Man, wore Leaves before his

Privities, and Armlets about his Elbows 5 through the Griftle of his Nofe ftuck a

white Bone Bodkin,

Neck

fide

fliarp at the ends,

and of a Fingers length, and about

his

a String full of Cockle*fhells.

Tafman Sailing on along the Main Coaft, met with eighteen Boats more, the
Rowers whereof laid their Oars upon their Heads, and not without ftrange Geftures cali'd aloud,

and invited the

Hollanders to

comeafliore

On

the Sterns and

Heads of thefe Boats were likewife divers Shapes Painted, upon a white Ground
in fome were two, and in others three, four, and five Men
eight of them going
5

into the Hollanders Boats, were

made Drunk with

Arrack.

Thefe

went
Skins were

Sonthlanders

fome onely covering their fecret Parts with Leaves- their

black, onely on their Foreheads they drew a red Stroke, which reach'd to their
their brown curl'd Hair was by fome colour'd grey, by fome red, fome let
Ears
it hang loofe over their Sholdiers, others ty'd the fame in a Tuft on their Crown,
cover'd with a Cap of ffifang Leaves, others wore their Hair fcarce two Fingers
long, and through the Griftle of their Nofe, a piece of Cane or Quill, and a broad

ftark naked,

Beard without Muftacho's

they had nothing to barter but large SnaiUfhelk, on

which they made a ftrange noife and whatfoe're they receiv'd, they firft fmell'd
on it like Dogs they fancy 'd not Nails, as all the other Southlanders had done.
Their manner of Fifhing was thus
They ty'd feveral half 'Clappes'thells, made
faft like a Chain, to a long Reed, Sliook the fame to and again on the Water, to oa~
}

ther the Fifh together.

ty'd in the

In the Boats lay Planks ofan oval fa.fhion,

middle they held before them

in ftead

of Shields.

which by Ropes

When

went from the Ships, one of them threatnedto beat the Seamen,
great Club at them
whereupon they all Row'd with great fpeed to
landers

thefe South*
fiiaking his

the Shore,

whileft one in every Boat knockt with a Staff againft the fides, juft as if they had
beat an Alarm.

Amongft them one had

which
he fliew'd many antick Tricks, putting it on the wrong way, fometimes on his
Head, then his Feet into the two Arm-holes, and anon the Buttonholes behind on
his

barter'd for an old Doublet, with

Back.

The
April

Ships Sailing from hence, ran along a broken Coaft, and on the twelfth of

were fo terribly Oiaken by an Earthquake, which

that they feem'd ihivering to pieces in the Water, as

Oo

o %

lafted
if

an hour and a

half,

they had ran again.ft a

Rock,

AMERICA.

660.

tap

iV.

Rock notwithstanding they could not -fathom Ground with their longed: Line.
Somewhat farther they difcover'd a burning Mountain on an Ifland, between
which and the Main (on which flood alfo a very high Mountain) they fleering their
Courfe, came into a white Water, mov'd by a ftrong River from the Continent
and coming to an Anchor before the Ifland Jamna, they faw the Ifles Mo a and Ari.

The Jamneans

moa before them.

calling 1>{cw Guinee

by

the

Name

of Belah, inform'd

the Hollanders, that they Warr'd continually with the Inhabitants thereof. Thefe
People beino- alfo Coal-black, fomeof them had loofe curl'd Hair, hanging down

over their Shoulders in long Braids, and others had onely two thick Locks, which
cover'd their Ears all of them wore four Feathers on their Heads.: the Men pull'd
out their Beards, and hung a great Bone Ring through their Ears, at which alfo
hung a Shell like a Spur t moft of them had redPvofes ty'd about their Heads, and
-

a Necklace of

Hogs Teeth about

their

Necks

under their Navels they wore Gir-

handfuj and a half broad, and about their Waftes Strings

dles, a

full

of Shells, or

Sea : Cockles, to which a fmall Lappet was ty'd, and hung down before their Pribut becaufe it was but two Fingers broad, and mov'd to an again by the
vities

Nakednefs appeared to thofe that took notice thereof 5 through the

Griftle of their Nofes they wore a Hogs Tooth, or the Splinter of a Cane. Upon
the Stern of their fmall Boats was the Shape of a little Lyon. One of thefe Iflanders imitated the Hollanders when they fpoke, endeavoring to repeat their words

Wind,

after

their

them, and therefore was

call'd Tarrqt .

Anchor before the CoafV, ten

Leagues beyond Jdww^wherea great Boat, carrying feventeen Men, coming near
but the next Morning being
the Ship, let Hie a great many Arrows at the Seamen
Tafman Sailing from hence to Moa

came

to an

came aboard, where the Chirurgeon of the Ship gave a Cap

to one of :he Jamneans who, as a teftimony of his thankfulnefs for the Prefent, rewhich done, he began to braid his Hair from his Forecmefted him to fit down
better reconcile, they

Neck, tying the fame with a String.

Tafman weighing Anchor, Sail'd between T^ew Guinee and the Ifland Infou, having
got nothing but a few Jamnean words from the Iflanders, who call'd a Bone, Ver*
head to

tilia

his

Hog, Taro

a Knife, Safer a

Beads, Sajfera

a Nail, Tortor

Sleep, Moeni

and a Rat, Jfykbo. So fleering his Courfe along Arimoa, which is both higher and
larger than the neighboring ^moa, and refembles a Seaman's Cap, he left New
and Steering on Northerly,

Gi{imc a Stern of him,

Sail'd

by

Scboutes-Ifland ,

where

came within Gun-fhot of him, each of which had on each fide a

Wing, under which fat four Rowers, two and two together, with their Feet hanging in the Water
at their approaching near the Ship they put out a long Pole,
with a white Flag upon it j whereupon Tafman alfo commanded his white Enfign
to be put forth, and threw a String of Beads, ty'd to a piece of Wood, out of his
Cabbin Window which the Sonthlanders had no fooner taken up, but in teftimony of tha nkfulnefs they all broke their Arrows over their Heads, and kept near the
fides of the Ship, till fuch time as the Boatiwain thereof founded a Trumpet, upon the hearing of which thep all Row'd away with as much fpeed as they could
Thefe People were of a fallow Complexion they broke their Arrows
pofTibly.
with great Ceremony for firft they pointed with them towards the Skie, then put
them into the Water, and breaking each Arrow in two pieces on their Heads, they

eight large Boats

threw one over the Larboard, and the other over the Starboard ; he that broke
the Arrow, made a long Speech to the Hollanders, who took the fame for an Oath
of their Fidelity toward them.
thirty

In every one of thefe Boats were

twenty eight or

Men.
Tafman

M E%,1

Chap. V.

A:

66v

Tafman profecuting his Voyage farther, difcover'd the following day another %>$&.
tlicr
Voyau
I(land,and a crooked Arm pf^O? Quince, near which he judg'd might be an Open- into KLtvp
ing betwixt

New

Guince

Gahjee.

and

Gilolo

then leaving on his Starboard a great

blind Cliffs, dangerous Shelves, and uneven Grounds, he cad:

many

Anchor near a Rock,

J*.

which at high Water was overflow'd. A Boat coming near the Ship, in which
were fix Men, whofe long Hair Jiung down their Backs, one of them amongfl the
reft

(landing up, cali'd to the Hollanders in the Temaren Language, faying, What

which a Seaman, who underftood and fpake the faid Language, an*
whereupon he ask'd, From what Countrey, and whither hound ? to
fwer'd, Spaniards
which he was anfwer'd, From Moa to Ternata The Southlander hereupon reply'd,
You are Deceivers, the Ship is not Spanijh, hm Holland make j whereupon 1ofman caus'd
the Prince of Orange's Flag to be put out, which the Southlander no fooner faw, but
feopk

to

he cry'd,

It appears by

than Spaniards

your Flags that you are Hollanders, who

their

Rowing away

always more welcom

to

u$

Seaman acknowledg'd his miftake, in faying

Southlanders would not flay within (hot of them, but at

However, though

they were Spaniards-y yet the

an

the

cry'd aloud, Here

Canes , and other Fruits on Shore.

is

abundance of fifang^ Clappes, Totato's, Sugar-

From hence Tafman Sail'd Northerly between many Ides, and a Channel that
feparates New Guinee from Gilolo, by Cerani, Manipe, !Bolao, and Burro, to a narrow
Opening, where Pangefane being on his Larboard, rofe with exceeding high
Rocks, as Botton on the Starboard. Thefe Rocks are moll of them overgrown
with Trees and Brambles. In the middle of this Channel alfo lies a Rock, for its
fliape cali'd A Galley, by which Tafman Sailing, bent his Courfe homeward, and ae
laft, on the fifteenth of JW, Anno 164^ caft Anchor before iBatavia.

MAM^^^^

CHAP.
Terra Borealis, or

V.

The

Artick Region.

'Avingfpoken fomethingof the Terra Auflralis Incognita, or Unknown SouthLand, there remains fomething to be faid of the oppofite part, namely, the
Terra Borealis, or the Artick Region

which

is

cali'd Incognita in like

manner

though very much, as well of the one as of the

other, hath been fearch'd into, and in part difcover'd by feveral Voyagers, yet
doubtlefs there is a very vafiTraft of Land, in the Artick Region efpecially (if it be
not rather Sea,) which is altogether unknown, and thofe parts which have been
as the Terra Auflralis, in regard,

difcover'd, as Groenland , Ifeland , Nova Zembla,Spilbergen,Hudfons Straights and Bay, Sec.

fo imperfe&ly known, that they may well deferve the Title ofllnknoTtm.

The
which
3.

feveral farts

lies direftly

of this

under the <Pole,&nd

Spilbergen, or Nieuland.

The

Artick Region are>

5.

Ifeland.

is

1.

Terra Subpolaris Incognita, or that part

other wife cali'd Orbis Artlicus.

2 Groenland,

6, 2s{ova Zemhla.

by a certain Seaman of Bojleduc, to be a great A Defcri

black Rock,about thirty five Leagues in compafs,and of an extraordinary heighthj
g^Jjj"'
through the Land adjoyning to which the Sea violently breaking, makes four
great and violent Euripi, or Whirlpools, whofe Waters driving Northward with
Terra Subpolaris

is

defcrib'd

ti

fo forcible a Stream, that

is

no Ship, though

carry'd

able to ftem the Current, are at lafl fwallow'd

o o

up

by nexer
in the

fo ftrong a Gale,

Earth,

It

is

alfo re-

M E %I C

CI
ported, that between

and that on the back

two of thefe

namely

Euripi,

of Groenland, there

fide

Chap. V.

A.

lieth

made by the Scythick Ocean,

an Illand Northward of Laftiid

that

and Biarmia, inhabited by (pygmies. Much more to this purpofe is related of the
Subpolar Region, but fince it is very improbable that any one could come fo near
as to make any difcovery thereof, to fay more- of this Matter, would be but .to in-

upon things favoring more of Fables than Reality.

of Terra Septentrianalisl which winds about from South to
Groenland is that part
*
a ft an d decline Northward from Cape Faruel, in the Veucaledonian Sea however,

fill:

Bounds and

'

Situation

<^i

Greenland.

Greenland hath been generally taken for an Ifland

it

yet

many

joyns with the Continent ofTartary, and others leave

it

in

Navigators think

late

doubt whether

it

be

bounded towards the Eaft with the Deucaledonian Oceantowards the Weft, with Hudfoii's Straights and Bay, which feparate it from America
towards the North its Bounds are altogether unknown, and is not without reafon
fuppos'd to be the utmoft part of the World towards the North Vote. There are
who believe it to be one Continent with America, and that upon this ground, be*

Ifland or

Continent

who

caufe feveral

It is

have attempted to pafs through the

commonly

Straight

call'd

The Straight of Davis, into the Eaft-Indies, affirm, that they found it to be a Gulph ;
but one Captain John Monk, who was alfo a great Undertaker in the North- Weft
Paifage through this Straight, or Gulf of Davis, alledges great Probabilities of this

The

Topo-

graphy

of

Groenhnd
fromtheDantjbzniiftland Cbroni-

Lands being divided by Sea from the Continent of America.

This Countreyhath anciently been divided into two Regions,
Eaft-Groenland
o
J
anfwerable to which Divifion Errick, furnam'd The Ruddy,
and WeJ^Groenland
^ Jt the
Son of TorValde. is reported by the Danifb Chronicle to have built two Forts or
'

,'

cies.

Lodges, Oftrehug and Weftrebug, in the Eaftern part. The firft Planters of Qmftianity built the City Garde, which became, as the faid Chronicle mentions, a City of
great Repute

aud Traffick, and not long

Sea-Coaft, a Monaftery, dedicated to

after, the

The

Thomas.

St.

Town

Jibe,

and towards the

City Garde was a BiQiop's

which belonged a Cathedral Church, by the Title of St. Nicholas, built in

the fame City, though a certain 1/eland Chronicle makes mention of the Church of
Strofnes, as the caief Metropolitan and Bifhop's See of Groenland.
The Bifhop aG
filled oftentimes in the AlTembly of the EHates of Denmark, and held of the Bifhop

See, to

of Njdrofia or Drunthen in Norway, as the Temporal Eft ate of Groenland held of the
Crown of Norway } tht Norwegians being the onely known Planters of this Countrey,
deriving their Original

from the

aforefaid Errick 7 according to the teftimony

Mr.Vormiws, and alfo of jingrimus Jonas, in his Specimen IJlandicum,

of Norway } tht Nomophylax

Countrey.

The

(as the faid

of
and the ViceRoy

him J or Sovereign Judge of the

Weftern Coaft of Groenland, are by

Angrimus calls

Inhabitants of JVefireburg,ov the

According to the Ifeland Chronicle, the Towns and Places

of chief note are Skageford, in the moft Eaftern part
a little farther Weft, the Port

fome

call'd Skreglinguers.

of Fmichebuder,fo
feveral

from a Page of St. Olaus

others werecaft away upon that place
call'd

white Bears, and other wild Beafts.

the Sea, on the right Shore

ways

alfo the

and

Olaus

Town

St. Auguftine

Convent, and divers

and not

the next Place

little

of Norway,

who

together with

a little higher, the %oanjen, full

In the Weftern Coaft, Kjndelfiord, an

whereof (lands

Vandalebug,

I\ing

Iflands, in

J^orfekirk,

e.

Church

Arm of

built crofs-

Monaftery, dedicated to

far off a

%umpefinfiord, where there

which are Springs of Water,
is

of

is

St,

a religious

warm

in the

Winter, and temperate in the Summer, which are accounted Medicinal, and of
great Vertue in the curing of divers Maladies
;

fiord

between which and

cated to Stj Nicholas

tifytpefinfiord is

near the

upon

the fame Coaft lies Etfnatf-

the Palace Eos, and a great Church, dedi-

Promontory

Clining is

another great Houfe call'd

Daller,

a METRIC

Chap. V.

Mkr

S
dan

form

great Illand

and beyond Eynatsfiord, a

there
'of Rein-Deer which breed

denominated
In the

66\

A.

fame

fgnafrMm the abun.

liland

of the

a Quarry

to be cut into

r^e/to.nocconfumablebyF.re, and yet fofc enough

of it, containing twelve Tun
infomuch that Veffels have been made

any

More

then E,
and another Royal Houfe call'd Heejiad
Entrance thereof, the Mand Harden
ruUrd, another Arm of the Sea, and at the
and the other part to the
to the Dom, or Cathedral,
belongs
thereof
t
p
MmkntM, next to the Cathedral. North-Welt
of Dunes the principal Church
near which are
and farther Northward, **fii ,
is
"
e Defa "> alt0
s a lar
and
Rtfr

Ojfcri*
Between
Ports.
feveral little Ides and

wXAy liTsche Ifiand Langen,

ChA

tSS&

U0-*

'

from the Jfeland Chronicle.is

of the Countrey, Extracted
and faithful;
of note, as the moil particular
look'd upon by a late French Writer
this
amongft others
differs in many things, and
Chronicle
the
Danf
however^
but that there
part of Greenland is poltefs'dby
t ha7not he hundredth
Governments,
People, of different Fafoions and
Inhabit feveral different forts of

thUDtriptfo'n

the^n^-r

unknown

altogether

___

to the Norwegians.

Temperature

Coun- vlGxoenlanct.
is reported to be a
notwithftanding its Northerly Situation,
and in refpeft.of
and other Produdions of the Earth
trey not unfertile of Corn,
of thofe Seconal
Seafons of the Yea,, above the reft
verd nt Afpea at fome
Greenland , nay
merited the Name of Greenland i.e
Re g ions,it is concluded to have
the Honed., of June, July, and
is faid to be there during
Heatthat
the
is
eat
fo |
Sun-beams from the Rocks, that mathe reverberation of the
of
reafon
JulftM
betwixt Seed-time and Harveli
nytimes there is but fix Weeks fpace
What fort of
great numbers, are Horfes, Dee. Animals
in
here
breed
to
faid
are
The Beads, which
of Beait breed there.
white, common Wolves, and afore
and
black
both
Bears,
Foxes Hares
as the
great ftore of Beavers and Martins
betwe'enaDeer and a Wolf, Wide,
with the Sables of
whofe Furr in finenefs may compare
Ifeland Chronicle teftifies,
both white and grey, of fo del,.
abundance,
in
Gerfalcons
alfo
are
Lliia There
as Pre,
times fent to the Kings
kild, that they were in ancunt

<LW,

of^A

St!
fen

Thts

:;;xr^a abound

Sea-Dogs, Sea.Calves,

id

above

*w*-**y <**
incredible

all,

**&?*&

a vaft

numbers of Whales of

bi

comof this Countrey, is a kind of Horn,

Bufthe moft remarkable Commodity
which is found there in great quantities,
monly call'd the Licornes, or Unicorns-Horn,
great p.eces

Strange kind

of

Horn

luund there.

in
in Denmark, fome whole, fome
and great ftore of it is to be feen
ton: a
but fince it appears very different
fomftimes oaely the Ends or Stumps,
whth
Q^eftion made amongft Naturalifts,
other kind of Horn, there is great
of a Beaft or Fifir .-bit.
if Horn, whether the Horn
and
i
Tooth
or
Horn
be
Fifh, which the
or rather Tusk of a certam
aifcover'd of late to be the Horn,
Whale, as the Name feems to imply,
Harhual, being indeed a kind of
,

Iflanders call

fignifying a

Whale which

feeds

upon

Carcafes.

niOove-er
D.fcove e The chief
Secanunga , who was the firft
Natives,
Voyagers
the
by
This Countrey
thither,
f
A,
thither

but the firft chief Voyage

thereof is not certainly known,
thole Par
of Jmfterdam, who fet forth towards
Dutch, mlliam Barents, or parent/on,
of the Engin the Year l5 6 ?
hi,J)i.WB/fe,
before
and
fnthe Yei 59 4.
Anno 1605.
is

call'd

Ufb,

Mi. James

Ball,

who fet

out from Copenhagen in Denmark,

Countrey.
fecondVovase was ftainby a Salvage of the

The Codings, Courfes! Havens.nd

as
Creeks of Greenland, according

*>.

The Coaft-

''

Havens,
and Creeks
of Greenland

ings,

I:

AMERICA.

66%
rectiv'd an

guage,

as

Account of them from herBoty,

it is

followeth

call'd, are as

Chap. V.

a Groenlander, written in the Nor/7;

From

Hon* ay,

Stad in

Lan-

to

Hormiefi the
feven days Sailing. Between I/eland and Greenland
lieth a
RiffcalTd Gombomfe-fkare, the Ice lying upon which, hindreth the Paffage.
Thofe
that Sail from 'Bergen in N^orw^y South oi%ckene[i'm I/eland, come under
Smf/jter a
promontory, or high Land in the Eaft part of Groenland, and within light of
the
high Mount Whitfark between which and Groenland lieth a Headland, call'd

Eaft part # of Greenland,

in is

Her-

noldm Hook, not far from Sound*Haven, formerly

Thofe

Merchants.

and

from

that Sail

much

frequented by the Norway

Ifeland to Greenland, Steer to

SnojfneR,

Weft of

South-Weft.

Eaft of Reynold Hook lieth the Village of Skagenferd, the moft Eafterly Village of the Ifland j Eaft of Skagenford, tht Haven
'Bear%okenefs,

after

by Ships, by reafon of

ford, inacceffible

a great Riff lying at the

Mouth

thereof.

This Place is chiefly remarkable for the Whale-fifhing, the Whales upon the
going
back of the Tide running into a great Swaltb, as they call it, which is in
the Havem
Eaft oiBearford

is

the

Haven

call'd Jllabeng Sound,

the Icy Mountain,the aforemention'd

Haven

full

of

Fendebothes.

little Illes.

Farther Eaft

Eaft

from

the

Hiah-

is

land Corje Hought, where they Hunt white Bears. Weft from Hermldm
Hook is the
Village Codosford, and hard by the Sea-Coaft, a fair Church, which we
conceive to
be the fame with ^prfekirk above fpoken of, as Qodosford may alfo probably
be the

fame with

K^indelford.

little

fanner Weft

lieth the Boy, or

Town ofWartfdale

(for

Language Boy fignifies a Town,) belonging to fetrefuik, or Tetemnifo

Church Near this Boy or Town ftandeth a Cloyfter, or Abbey of Canons
Regular, dedicated to St. Olafe and St. Jugufiine.
Next to Codosford is %ompnesferd, the
lame queftionlefs with the above-mention'd ^umpefwfiord, where there is a
in the Norjh
:

Cloyfter

of Nuns of the Order of St. Benedifi

In this Ford lie many fmall Ifles. Between
%ompnep and the next Sound lieth a great Garden call'd Vofe, belonging
:

to the

King of the Countrey,

Church before mention'd. At the en*

trance into Etnne sinesford is the Inlet Southwoderswike, and fomewhat
higher on
the lame fide, the little Cape Bloming, beyond .the Inlet: GriwiU
h above that, the
Garden call'd Daleth, belonging to the Cathedral Church and on the ricrht.hand
as alfo St. Nicholas

to thofe that Sail out

of the laid Sound, a great

Church, where they feed

Erne sinesford,

Hunted

And

Ciftems,

call'd

is

as

Wood

belonging to the fame

Oxen, Kine, and Horfes. The Highland lying by

The %amas Hayth, from the Rain-Defr which ufe to be there
their

hereabouts

that fort of Stone of

is

hath been before intimated

it is

by forne

a fore of Marble, or (as forne

willhave

tins lieth

call'd Long-Highland.

another Highland,

it)

which they make large Fats or

call'd the Zeyell-Stone, beincr

Load-ftone, of all colours.

The

next Sound

Weft from
call'd Swal-

is

having a Church belongining to it of the fame Name, and where there

is
alfo a Garden belonging to the King, call'd St.
Hentelfiad.
Next to that lieth
terford,

Errkksford,

and

peverskirk,

the

is

Megdenford.

LcadenkirL

entrance thereof the Highland Errtcks Hough, belonging to

Parochial Church in Greenland. North- Weft from Er
ford,

at the

firft

Farther out

rich

is

Church

Beyond Errkksford

is

and farther in the Sound'

or Sound, by the Name of

call'd Scogelkirk;

another Ford

belonging to the Cathedral Church and to the North of it, two

Villages,
;
Ever.boy and Eorther-boy* From thence farther North lieth
Bredaford
and after
that Lormontford
and from thence Weftward, Icedeep. To the North of the
;

Fojfa,

Weftlandlkzh a fpacious Wildernefs, call'd Hemel Hatsfelt, and Edg'd with

maffie
Rocks and Cliffs towards the Sea fide beyond which the Sea is innavigable,
by
;
reafon of the many Swalgen, or Whirlpools thereabouts.
In Groenland there are divers Hills, wherein are Silver-Mines,
multitudes of white

Bears,

with red Patches on

Bears

There

are

the Year,

AMERICA.

Chap. V.
moreover

their

and covered with

yet

Ice

alio

white Hawks, and

it is

all forts

of

Fifll.

for the moil: pare

generally affirm'd,. that

it

is

of

not io cold

there as in Norway or Ifeland.

as

Countrey divers Rivers, frozen up

in the

well tailed, and as big

Heads

On

Apples

grow Acorns and Nuts, very

good Wheat as is commonly produe'd in

the Hills are faid to

.

alfo as

other Parts,

Voyage, mention is made of a certain blind $*Erf

Monk, brought up in the Monaftery of St. Thorny who reported feveral memora* **,,
Groenland antiphraftically, hls ? WB,,/
ble things concerning this Countrey, as that it was call'd
by contrariety of Speech, as appearing feldom or never green and that it
In the Journal otVithmar (Blefkens's

or

abounded with Bears and white Foxes,and was not without Pygmies and Unicorns,

which never appear'd

after the

till

Sun was entred into

Jries

that in the faid

W*>'

Mo*

which was convey 'd

notonely for
through Pipes of Stones to the Monks feveral Cells, and ferv'd them
boy I'd by means of
Stoves, but for the dreiTing of their Meat, which was as well
that the Walls of the Monaftery
this Water, as if it had been over a real Fire, and
would
were made of a kind of Pumiccftone, upon which if Water were pour'd, it
naftery of St. Thorn** there

was

a Fountain of fcalding Water,

the Stone
produce a flimy Matter, commonly us'd in ftead of Lime for Mortar, like
Male and a Female, were
of Mount Hecla in Ifeland that two of theft Pygmies, a
perfect humane Shape, and overkept by the Abbot, and were both endu'd with
grown with Hair, even to the outermoft Joynts of their Fingers, the Male efpehis Knees, but that they feem'd wholly
cially, who had a Beard reaching down to
of Speech, onely
devoid of Reafon and Undemanding, nor had any diftinct ufe
madeafemblance of Hilling of the manner of Geefe laftly, he reported the duratheir Staof the Lives of thefe Creatures to be anfwerable to the fliortnefs of
.

tion
ture

knowledge
but that concerning their Wars with the Cranes, he had no other

than by Tradition.

The

Defcription of Groenland

left

by

Uu James

Hall, renders

it

a high,

moun-

and provided with

tainous, and craggy Region, fufficiently water'd with Rivers,
between
good Harbors, of a Soil not unfertile in all places where he came, having

grfj

P^w.

and pleafant Plains, abounding with feveral forts

but of Beafts,
of Fowl, as Partridges, Pheafants, Sea-mews, Gulls, Crows, c^c.
plenty of Harts-horns found
chiefly black Foxes, and (as was con jedur'd by the
of
about their Tents) RehvDeer, yet not deftitute of other Beafts, the feftigmm

the

Mountains

fruitful Valleys

one whereof was found to be not lefs than eight Inches over.
DefcriAs for the Manners and Cuftoms of the Natives, they are by the faid
ftill moving from
ption reprefented to be a kind of Samoid, or wandring People,
marvellous dexteplace to place, warlike and active, ufing Slings and Darts with
Stature, eatof a brown Complexion for the moftpart, and of an indifferent
themfelves
ing their Meat either quite raw, or onely a little parboyl'd, Clothing
Seals, or
with the Skins of fuch Beafts, or other Creatures, as they kill, efpecially
fomeofthelargeftfizeof Fowls, which they Drefs very fmooth and foft, turning
Their WeaFeather or Hair fide outwards in Summer, and inward in Winter.

rity,

the

Idolatrous,but
pons Bowes,Slings,and Bone or Iron-headed Darts their Religion
Accoft,when any of the
chiefly Sun-Worfhip,as was gather'd from their manner of
the Sun, as chief Author
Englifh firft approach'd them, for they us'd to point up to
feem'd to fignifie
of their felicity, and then beat their Breafts, crying, lliont, which
thofe that met them did
as much as 1 mean no harm, and would not come near till
thereof with Whales
the like, Their Houfcs built of Whales Bones, and the Baulks
having Vaults or
Ribs, and cover'd with Earth, but the beft fort with Seal-Skins,
.

Rooms

M E%I C

666

A.

Chap. V.

Rooms

under Ground, foursquare;, and two Yards deep in the Earth.,

Their
manner of Burial, a Pile of Stones thrown over the Corps, being firft wrapt up in

Sealskins.
Firft

Difco

very of

Spilbergia, fo call'd

Sp'.l

or
Greenland.

bsrgia,

kon

to have been the

and which

land,

by

the Hollanders,

firft

Hugh

Sir

from

Difcoverer of

it,

Spilbergen,

fame

the

is

Willoughby (if not the

firft

whom

probably they rec-

we

vulgarly call Green-

that

of all, yet

at lead the firft

of the

Englifi that difcover'd any thing of thefe Parts)

Hugh

faid Sir

nam'd Kjng James's Nev-Land. The

Anno 1553. in the Bona Epran^a, accompany'd

Willoughby fet forth

with two Ships more, vfe the fBoriaVeniure, Richard Challoner Captain, and the Bona
Confdentia, and after Tome time of Coafting up and down thofe Northern Seas,
he
Landed with his Company upon the Place, where flaying a few days, he fent three

Men three days Journey into the Countrey South. Weft, and three more as
Weft, who all, after much hardfhip in their Travelling, return'd without
met any People by

the

Way, or

far full

having

feen theleaft appearance of any Habitation.

ing hence back for Lapland, they were

frozen to death in the

all

Haven

Sail-

Arabia.

Totherhy's

Defcription of Greenland by one Mr. Robert Fotherby, reprefents the Nature

Defcription
of
** this Place contradi&ory to its Name, as before was obferv'd
" For
of Groenland
:

no part of the World, yet known and difcover'd, is lefs Green

both the Mountains and Lowlands being cover'd with Snow till the

certainly (faith he)

u than

this,

" beginning of June.

<f
<

1
<

The Countrey, which

moil part mountainous,

bearing neither Grafs nor Tree, favc onely Heath or Ling, as it is call'd in the
North parts of England, which grows upon the Moors or Heathy Grounds when

Snow

the

begins to melt,and on which in

one Moneth

but

how

is

for the

Summer the Deer

they live in the Winter,

feed themfelves fat in

beyond any Man's skill

comprehend, efpecially during the Sun's abfence under the Horizon, which
the Latitude of feventy feven Degrees continues from the eighteenth of October
-

"
"

to

Cl

to the fourth of February.

in

This Countrey

is

by many fuppos'd never

is

a thing

to have been inhabited

by Men, yec

not altogether uncapable of affording Habitation to fuch as would bring with

them fufficicnt defenfive Weapons againft Hunger and Cold For other Animals,it
is found, by the teftimony of thofe that have been upon the
Place, not to be defti:

Deer before mention'd, there have been feen Bears and Foxes
and of wild Fowl, Cuthbert Ducks, Willocks, Stints, Sea-Pigeons, Sea-Parrots'
tute

for befides

Gulls, Noddies, <&c.

The Southermoft

part of Greenland, call'd Point Look-out, ftands in feventy fix

Degrees and thirty Minutes.

firft

The Weft

of the Land was difcover'd by the

Voyagers Northward as far as eighty Degrees and odd Minutes, and in that

compafs

fix

or eight

good Harbors

fide

for the Whale.fifliing

;

the Eaft fide as far as

feventy eight Degrees, with divers Iflands, both great and fmall, yielding
The Voyages

good

Harbors, and ftore of Whales and Sea-Horfes.

r

\r

1*

June following

Name
Edge,

made

of

0na6 ^ ly

Ma ^ er f the Amity fell

with thisLand in May,

the Coaft, difcovering of Harbors, and killing of Morfes, till
and he is faid to have been the firft that gave this Countrey the

an&fto
to
rwJS. and continu'd upon

Greenland.

The

next year he

Commander of the Mary

as to a Place

Margaret

known, and

fet
;

in

out again, accompany'd

And

fince

many

with Thomas

other Voyages have been

Trade driven in catching of Whales, not

without feveral Contefts with the Dutch and Danes, but nothing of late difcover'd
considerable more than in the firft Voyages. The Harbors, Sounds and Coaftings

mod taken

a great

notice of, are Fair Foreland, Cape QoU^Uck^oint^Horn^ound^iotty^oint,

QelLSound, LoVnefi, Qrofi-%od Deer>Sound, FowhSotmd, Clofe>CoVe,

Gurnet-Nofe, Icey
Sound, and Green-Hayen.
There

Chap. V.'

<>J

M EX^I C A

66j

few that have SailM to Greenland, but mike great mention of (berry
been firft difcovcr'd at the Charges of Sir Francis Cherry,
Ifland, fo call'd, as having
by others Bear -Ifland, from the multitude of Bears found
an eminent Merchant
feventy four Degrees, and is noted for {tore of
it lies in the Latitude of
there
Whales, Sea-Horfes, and
Fowl ' Foxes like Dogs, and upon the Coafts great (lore of
and Pits of Sea-Coal.
Morfes It is alfo faid to be furniQi'd with Lead*Mines,
craggy mountainCo call'd from the continual Ice which is upon it, is a

There

fei*

are

Ifeland,

and not onely the Hills, but a great part of the Low-land cover'd
the fifty
It is of a Form fomewhat oblong, lying between
with perpetual Snow
having Hprway on thcEaft,the
fourth and fifty ninth Degree of Northern Latitude,

ous Countrey

^~j

to^w.

Hyperborean, frozen
and Scotland on the South firenland on the Wetland the
to be twice as big as Sicily, that is
Sea on the North. I* is by Olaus Magnus fuppos'd
mod known ,and moil: througly
to fay ,about a hundred Leagues in length. It is rhe
and is faid to have been firft
difcovcr'd of all the Countrey s of the Jrtick Region,
of the Nobility of
found out and peopled in the Year of our Lordo.oo. by certain
Orcades

of that Counthe Countrey of Brenie, in the time of Jlebrand, Bifliop

unpeopled till that time, is a Queftion not caficto
trey ; but whether or no utterly
obvious a Place to be found out, could
be dctermin'd, though in all probability fo
after feveral Colonies of 2s[or^egians
not lie fo long totally uninhabited. Not long
Eaft'Frifia in

(following the Example

Setledthemfelves,fome in H*t/<md, fome in F*r<w, others
is full of Rocks and Stones, and (as is
of thefe Bremers) in Ifeland. The Countrey
or Garden in the whole Ifland, and by
credibly reported) not a cultivated Field
either Bread or Salt,
confcqucncc.no fort of Corn, yet the People living without
Neither is there a Tree to bcfecn,
are very ftrong, and of a good Complexion
which likewife grows but in one place, and exceeds not the
:

except the Birch,

heighth of a

Man, by reafonof the

Winds
the Oxen

violence of the

yet there

is

/aid to be

are not fuffer'd to (lay

that
great plenty of Butter, the Grafs being fo fat,
Till of late there was neither
loner at a time in the Pafturcs for fear of burfting.

the whole Ifland, but

nor any thing that could be call'd a Village, in
three or four together in a place, moil:
ftragling Cottages here and there, not above
were built pretty deep in the
by the Sea fide for the convenience of Fifhing ; they
Seats, Benches, and other
Ground, but artificially fram'd of Whales Bones, with
now fometimes they ufe Fir to the fame purpofe, which is
Ucenfils'of the fame
from Tartary or elfe where. For want of
caft upon the Coaft by the force of the Sea
their Houfes like Mor.
lay their Butter in Heaps in the Corners of

Town,

Veffels, they

'

tar.

Cattel with
In the Winter,wanting Fodder, they feed their

Cattel,

which

are

Kinc without Horns, Horfes onely

fie

Fifli.

Befides thefe

for carrying of Burthens,

and huge Bears of the fame

and very large Sheep, there are ilore of white Foxes,
and frequent amongft us by
colour, and a fort of rough Dogs, very well known,
little, and will part with their
the Name of Shocks, which the Iflanders efteem not a
They keep neither Hogs nor Poultrcy, for want of
Children at a far eafier rate
Grain to feed them.
jGP
c
J
K
unpleaiant, auord- m//eW
not
thole
and
many,
are
Ifland
this
to
belonging
The Rivers
Trouts, and Salmons
the Inhabitants plenty of Fifh, efpecially Sturgeon,
:

r'T-SfiV

C*

lV nt*S

ing to

and one

is

efpecially remarkable for a Bridge

Bridge of the Countrey,

is

made of the

made over

great Bones of a

which being the onely

Whale. The whole Ifland
it,

the
without any trodden Path or Road from one end to
thereof by Land, make
fo that all that have occafion to travel to any part
other
by Sea.
ufe of 'the Compafs, as if they were Voyaging
is

one continued

The.

Dcfa.it,

CoaR olfeland

hath

many

ftrange and

monlhous

Fifli

worth

obiervati
of ijeland.

as

AMERICA.

66%

which though nothing near

Chap. V.

Co big as the

Whale, yet is able to be

the death of it t for being of the fhape of a Ship turn'd upfide-down, and having
fharp long Fins on its Back, it pricks the Belly of the Whale therewith till it kills.
The next is the Hackfall, which is very fat, and about twelve Inches long.

as firft the Orca,

-

Then
forth

its

which lifting up its Head out of the Sea, Barks, and letting
young ones, receives them into her Belly again, when they have (ported a
the DogFifh,

while in the Sea.

Laftly, another Monfter, of a moft frightful fhape, mention'd by Olaus

but not by any particular

StrangeFoua

Name.

In divers parts of the Ifland are Fountains of (balding Water,

tains,

taken from the Fountain begins to cool, and

fwimming on
it

At

when

which

as foon as*

cold, hatha fulphury Subftance

the top.

At the Weft end

into

Mawus

is

a fmoaky Fountain, very cold, and turning

all that is caffi

into Stone.

the place

upon

the Sea call'd Turlocks Haven, are

two Fountains of

different

which by Pipes being brought together into

one place, make a Bath of an excellent temperature, and of a medicinal Vertue.
Not far from Hayen Halneford is a Cliff in a Rock of an unknown depth, and no
Water to be difcern'd by thofe that look down into it, but if a Stone be caft in it
fhall make a noife for half an hour together, as if it were ftriking againft a Brazen
quality, the one hot, the other cold,

Veflel,

and

all this

while the Water will be riling

till it

comes up

to the

brim

and

then will be fo long finking again as the Stone was falling.

There are

ainsof

ES

alio three

Mountains

of the Crop, the Moutain

in I/eland

not to be

left

unmention'd, the

Moun-

and the Mountain Hecla

the two firft
are chiefly confiderable for their wonderful heighth, and for the dreadful noife of
tain

Thunder which

is

Snenelflockel,

heard on the top of them,

when

in the adjacent parts

below the

calm and clear the third lying in the North of the Ifland, and not very high
8
is one of the moft prodigious Vulcans in the World, for the cafting forth of
Flames
black Allies, and Pumice-Stones, infomuch that there is no poffibility of Habitation within fix Miles of it round about
and it is a received Opinion of the InhaAir

is

Torment for the Souls of the Damned from whence,

there hath rifen fuch a company of ftrange Stories and Fables, that it would make
up a Volume of it felf to relate them. The occaflon of the great Eruption of this
Mountain is not without much reafon imputed to the inflammation of the Sulbitants, that

it is

the place of

phur, of which there are feveral Mines or Pits in the Countrey, though none of
any fort of Metal.

Waldemarm, King of Denmark and Norway, being confequently Mafter of this

^%Ke. among ft the ox.htV'Norliegian Colonies, Planted the Chnfium Religian in this
liland in the Year of Cbrijl 1398. and Ordain'd twoBifhops, one in Scbalbolden in
Krft. planting

the Eaft part, another in Hollen, in the

Cbrlfliauus,

well as in

Weft

and

after the Reformation

was beaun

King of Denmark, took care to propagate the Reformed Doftr'me there as

other parts of his Dominions
and to that end fent over a Printer
;

thither, that the

nm

$tegtHSi

<B

I<B

LE,

Works offbilip Melanttbon and UrbaVulgar Tongue of the Countrey. But thefe

together with the

might be publifh'd

in the

Proceedings were mainly oppos'd by the Bifhop of Sch alb olden,

who animating the

People to Rebellion, they flew the King's Lieutenant Whereupon the next Year
Paul Holfelt, a Knight of the Danljh Order, being fent over with an Army, over*
threw the Rebels, and taking ofFthe chief Heads of the Rebellion, committed the
:

Charge of the Government

the Place.

to another

But one Tadde $onde,z great

Nobleman otDenmark, whom he

Man

left

upon

of the Countrey, meditating a Revolt,

-drew

*A

Chap. V.

M E %^I C

669

A.

divers Perfons of principal note into Confpiracy with him,

drew

and was advan-

continual Intelligence of
cing to a formidable Power, had not the Bifliop given
employ 'd Agents to
their Proceedings to the King s Lieutenant, who thereupon
threatnings
the chief Accomplices of the Fa&ion, and what with fair Means and
and forfook Todde,
fo wrouaht with them, that they return'd to their Obedience,

infomuch that he flying with a fmail Party, betook himfelf to a faftnefs at the
Foot of Heckeheld, where being hemm'd in, thofe about him were (lain, and he
himfelf taken Prifoner s and becaufe no Man to whofefafe cuftody he was ofler'd
durft receive him, fo much dreaded was his Power, one Jonas, a bold courageous
Fellow, flew him with his

own Hand,

mults and Seditions.

So much have the People of

and thereby put an end to

farther

all

Tu-

been ever addicted to Sorcerie and Su- JjJJg*

^dtos^perdition, that notwithstanding the Profeffion of Cbrijlianity, and the frequent
pinion.
Preaching againft thofe Sins, efpecially fince the Reformation , the generality of
them are ftill wedded to many of thofe old diabolical Cuftoms, which were practised there in

many

and amongft other things they arc faidto be ferv'd,

which conftantly attend them, and (as Olam Magnus

time otfaganifm

of them, by

Spirits,

this Ifland

writes of the Ftnlanders, they are oftentimes dealt with by Strangers, to fell them
profperous Winds for Money, and (doubtlefs by the help of the Devil) perform

on the contrary, they are faid by their Enchantments to flop the

Courfe of a Ship, and make it as it were immovable, though in the Stream of never fo profperous a Gale. They are a proud, haughty People, and for the moil

the fame

as alio

Body 5 their Habit fo promifcuous, that neither

Sex can be diftinguifh'd by it. They are not onely forward to proftitute their
Daughters to thofe Germans that Trade with them at Hafnefords, but that Virgin
who hath had to do with a German, (hall be fure to be fo much the more efteemM

part endu'd with

vafl:

ftrength of

and Courted.

The
are

1.

Towns and Buildings of note here, and thofe erected but of late Ages,
Hafnefords, a Haven Town, chiefly frequented by Dutch Merchants for

Towns and

onely

Places of
note,

Traflick with the Natives.

2.

Bedjlede, the Refldence

of the Lord Lieutenant or Governor for the King of

Denmark.
3.

The

Bifhops SccotHaifar, having four Monarches belonging to

tp'mgore, %emefiede,

4.

yfe

SModor, and Monkeniere.

The Bifhops See

of

Vedey, femebar, fQrkebar,

The Nobles

it,

which

Scbalbolt, to

and

alfo doth

belong four Monafleries,^.

Scbirde.

otlfeland arecallM Bonden

/^

K
ce
their Jufilciaries or Judges, being twelve Jn
er
or Juftice, who are laid to meet once ofjudKature

number, Lochmaders, that is, Men of Law

a year on the twenty ninth oJune,to adminifter

in

Juftice in a place ordain'd for that

purpofe in the midft of the Ifland, appearing like fome feigned Paradice, fo plea*
iant a place ic is reprefented to be at that time of the year, being (as the Tradition
goes) from a high burning Mountain like Hecla confum'd to a Plain and fo envi*
3

ion d with Rocks, that there was

left but a fmall PaiTage for

one

at a

time to enter.

Here the Governor having firft given the Charge, leaves the Trial of all Matters
to the Lochmaders, who.having diligently heard every Caufe argued on both fides,
withdraw for a while to Confult together, and then proceed to Sentence, the fame
Perfons being both Jury and Judge

but

if

any Cafe of

difficulty or fcruple arife,

they confult the Governor.

Jngrimus Jonas''s Relation oHjeland differing

by

Blefkens,

is

not to be omitted.

He

faith

it

much from what

hath been deliver'd

was Aril difcover'd by one T^clUqcus, a

Ppp

Xr^1

Pyrate,

ufT'

aMpwap

aME

670
who

Pyrate,

going towards the

<KI C

Farenftan Iflands,

Chap. V.

was

by Tempeft upon the

Shore of Eaft-lj'eland, near the Mountain ^eidarfial and as lie departed
from the
Coaft, perceiving the tops of the higheft Mountains covered with
a very deep
call:

Snow,

Upon

Snowy Countrey.

fame of Naddocus's Difcovery, one Gardarus, the Son cf

SuaVarus, a
Swede, was defirous to make a Voyage thither, and arriving near
the Eaftern Shore,
Winter'd in the Bay of Sk\alfanda>oiNorthJjland, in the Year of our
Lord 864. and
call'd the Haven Hufca^ick, from the Houfes or
Wintering-places built there, as the
next Haven to it was cali'd Nartarawick, from Natrare, an eminent
Mariner

GardartKs

Voyage

call'd thelfland Sndandia, that is.

ta

Ifehnd,

the

in this

Expedition.

Gardartts returning

the Countrey from his

The next

oy "

fgetI
3*n**

Daughter
gave the

home about

own Name

the beginning

of the Spring

call'd

Gardarfholm.

that follow'd his

Geirhilda

Name of

Example, was one Flo'cco, a famous Pyrate, whofe

being drown'd upon the Coaft of Schetland (anciently
Hietland,)
Geirhildarwata to the Sea thereabouts

Not having

the ufe of the

Mariners Compafs, he made ufe of Ravens for the fleering
ofhisCourfe, and ha
ving fent forth two without fuccefs, by the guidance of the third
he had fight of
the Eaftern fide of the Ifland and Steering Southward,
he found a very wide Bay,
between the Promontories fynkanes and Sntfefnefs which Bay, from
Fava a Scottifh Mariner that accompany'd him, he nam'd Faxaos, that is,
The Mouth of Faxa,
though from its many Havens it came afterwards to be term'd
:

Hafnafiordun

Sailing along the Weil: fide of the Ifland, he

took up
thefe

his

Quarters

Names

at Watnesfiordur, a

thefe Places

Haven

came afterwards

this

Countrey the

Name of Ifetand, from

the Seas thereabouts, he alfo gave

which

ferv'd

The

fawSJ
of
ZfiSSfi.

laft

him

and

Fyrdafilace in

in ftead

it

in the

to be

Winters, he returned back into Norway, and

is

entred the

Having

of

have been the

G(afnaflock,

ftay'd here

two

that

gave

which

fill'd

firft

the great quantities of Ice

Name

the

and
(for by

!Bredafiord

Province (Bardojiraund

known

faid to

Bay

from the Ravens

of a Compafs.

m ft confiderable

Adventurer was Ingulfus, the Son of tint, Duke

Norway, who,together with his Coufin Hwleifus, that
Marry 'd his

being adjudg'd to BanifLment by Halften (to the Award

of whofe
Judgment they had fubmitted themfelves; upon the (laughter of his two Brethren,
Holmftm and Her/ten, (thefe three Brethren were the Sons of Jtlas, one of the prime
Noblemen of Norway) in a Quarrel, wherein Halften was chofen Umpire
Sifter

Helca,

and

al-

Tyranny of Haraldm Tulchricomus, King of Norway, went over Gonfaloniere, or chief Leader of a great Colony of People,
whom he rais'd for thefetling
of a Plantation in fome foreign Countrey
Accompany'd with his Coufin Etorfo

detefting the

he took Shipping for Ifeland in the Year of our Lord

854. having been over
to villt it about four years before
he Landed at a Promontory on the South
Shore, which from him took the Name of
Ingulfholde, and zt^eicharwick fetled his
Habitation, while Hiorleifm feated himfelf at the
Promontory by him call'd Hior.
hifbolda, where he built two very large Houfes,
each 'being about a hundred and
thirty Foot long
then he fee himfelf to Manure and Till the Ground, employing
leifm,

in that

Work

ten Slaves,

whom

he brought with

him

for that purpofe out

of JV>-

ty. but it was not long ere they traiteroufly fet upon him and flew
him by an
Ambufcade which they had laid for him after which they betook themfelves

to

certain
led

which were nam'd Weftmafyar, where before they had well nettthemfelves, the whole Race of them were rooted out. by
Ingulf bus, in revenge
little Ifles,

of his Kinfman's Death. After this the Ifland grew daily more and
more populous
by the coming over of new Families from Norway
Co that at this day it is a Place
not the Jean: confiderable belonging to the Kin<rs of Denmark.

The

Chap. V.
The ancient Inhabitants

AMERICA.
of this Place (for

it

67

to be fuppos'd that there

were
Tapa or Tapp*, and the

is

People here before the coming over of Ingulfus) were call'd

Eaft fide of the Ifland, Tapey, which agrees very well with the Names of two little
Iflands on the Coaft of Scotland, Tappa and Weftrepappa, from which many conjecture,

from feveral Crofles and Bells found upon the Place, that there hath been
former Ages a refort of the Irijh, and of the People of the North* Weft parts of

as alfo
in

Scotland*

The

Eaftern

Bound of

the "Northern, Langanes

call'd

I/eland is

Auflurhorn

and the Southern,

the Weftern, %andefandur

The Ifland being

%eicranes.

divided ac-

Ti, e

D mGo H

^and

oiI

cording to the four Quarters of the World, l>{prth-Jfland is fever'd from Eaft-ljland
by the aforefaid Promontory of Langanes from Wejl'ljland by ^utafiordur Bay ;
-,

South Jfland,

Ifland

runneth the River

Soutb-IJland

and

Between

byvaftand unpaffable Defarts.

from

through the Defarts of

Jocolfu,

Wefi-IJland a

famous River nam'd

Jlbis,

'

Soutb-IJland

Eaft-

Between

Solfeimafande,

which emptieth

and

it

felf into

Bay of Bargarjiord.

the

fame which the Ancients call'd

will appear, that by the Ultima Tbule taken notice

'Tis a vulgar Opinion, that this Ifland

Tbule

but upon confederation

of by

Virgil, Claudian, Statins,

others,

the

it

the

is

Pliny, Seneca, Solium, Tacitus,

Pythias Mafsilienfis,

seinuni

the

Ancients.

and

meant one of the Britijh Ifles, amongft which were comprehended

on the North of Scotland, as the Ore ades, and fome others, the utmoft of

is

Ifles

which we call Schetland ,and is very probable to be this UltimaThule of the Ancients.
NoVa Zembla, lying under feventy fix Degrees of Northern Latitude, and a hun- mv* zemdred and twelve Degrees and twenty five Minutes of Longitude, and being rec* diWrV
kon'd above two hundred Miles in length, was, together with the River fuora,
and Straights of Weygats, difcover'd, (and, as it is thought.firft of all) by Stephen Bur*
rough, who was fent out by the MufcoVia Company in the Year 1556. to find out a
.

Way

to Cathay

by the North*Eaft.

Afterwards one

from
he

Oliver Bunel, a

Enkhuijfen to fecora

loft all

The

Dutch-man, mov'd with the hope of Gain, went

where (having

firft

difcover'd Qoftinfarca in

Nova Zembla)

by Shipwrack.

States*General

nothing difcourag'd with the

little fuccefs

of thefe two Voya*

two Ships under the Command of Hugo Linfchot, to the Straights of

Weygats, and two others under William Barrents,who were to go directly Northwards
Linfchot went fifty Miles beyond the Straights, but the Norfor '{oVa Zembla
therly Winds and late Seafon of the year fore'd him to haften back with all poffible
gers, fent forth

William Barents

fpeed.

not able to get

up

their

for their

off, in

and

his

Company were

regard the Ice

Year 1596. being

increas'd upon them more and more, to take
neceflitated in the

Winter Quarters there in a Cottage, which they made a (hift to caft up

prefent neceflity, having much ado to defend themfelves againft the Bears,

that continually aflaulted them.

This Countrey

is

generally deliver'd to be a barren and defart Countrey,

as bare

of Leaves, as the Ground of Grafs

very incommodious to be travell'd through, by reafon of

danger of Bears, great

Flefli,

fierce Foxes,

and fuch

and which are the onely Beafts

like
this

Mr* Henry Hudfon, there is

" Generally
Defcnption of the Countrey
In a Journal of

"that we have
6t
c

with no

feen,

Snow on

i#
it,

to a

alfo

tre /

defartnefs, and the

ravenous Beafts, which feed onely

Countrey harbors.

found a much more favorable

(faith he) the Land of Nova Zembla

to be

Land, much Main High-land

fome places green, and Deer feeding thereon,

Man's Eye

looking in

its

^ >^_
J

of Wood indeed, but the Boughs

upon

full

a pleafant

and the Hills partly cover'd with Snow, and partly bare.

p p p

it

-Tw'M

agpnew

M E%I C

6yi

Chap. V.

A.

fhould fcem to have been a received Opinion from the firft Difcovery of
Nova Zembla, that it was inhabited by Pygmies, it being feveral times,in the Journals
of fome Voyages, mention'd particularly by the Name of 7be Land offygmies, but
Ic

upon what

the %ufians (to

fir ft

Ground cannot in theleaft bedifcover'd 5 for we find not from

whom the Place, by reafon of its Vicinity, is probable to have been

certain

known) any other Account of

wholly

the Inhabitants, but that they are a People

Manners, and unlimited by

deftitute of civil

Law or Religion,

they feem to give fome kind of Adoration to the Sun,

Moon, and

favingthat

North-ftar, and

have fome Qualities which fpeak them rational Creatures whereas the (pygmies
(if there be any fuch Creatures) are thought to have nothing of Humane but their

Shape onely.
Befides Nov* Zembla there

W.Uoaghij'
I/laud.

is

not far from

of V/illougbby -I/land, from Sir Hugb

the

another Ifland,

it

Willoughby, the firft

known by

Difcoverer

the

Name

they both are of

Dominions of the Qsyr of fyujiia.

Several Attempts for the difcovery of the

\7l7Hat

North-Weft PaiTage.

hath been difcover'd of Sea in the North or South parts of the World,

is

ofnolefs Confequence than what hath been difcover'd of Land, and the
Straight ofHudfon Northward, is no lefs confiderable than the Straight of Magellan

South

we

compleat

Difcourfe of the Artick Region with a

brief Mention of what Capes, Bays, Sounds, zsrc. have been found out by thofe that
j

fhall therefore

this

have attempted to find a PaiTage by the North* Weft to the EaJMndies.

Not to

infill:

upon

the fabulous Stories of King Arthur's

and then Sailing into the Northern Seas, and fubduing

and (as the Story

faith)

ofMalgo's fubduing

King

many other

Ireland,

conquering

Scantia, Ifeland,

Ireland^

Greenland,

beyond Norway even under the (pole, or

Orcades and Norway, or Ofthe/s Reports to

Iflands

the

Ij'eland,

firft

of his Voyages to the North-Eaft parts beyond Norway, or the Voyages of the two famous Venetian Brethren, Nicolo and Antonio Zeni, or of Marcus VauIm Venetus, Odoricus and Vertomannus 5 the firft EngUjhman we hear of, that made an
Alfred

Expedition into thofe Northern Seas, was Sir Hugh Willoughby

of for the Difcovery of K^ng James's Njwland and

before taken notice

Willoughby Jfland, in the

Year of

our Lord 1553.

Stephen 'Burroughs

(as

hath been intimated) difcover'd amongft other Places,

about the Year 1556. the Straight of

Vaigats.

In the Year 1576.. Sir Martin Forbijber fetting forth

he had been out about

Queen

Eliza-

Queen Elizabeths Foreland

with two Barques, after

Weeks, had fight of a High-land, which he nam'd

Thence Sailing more Northerly to the heighth of about

five
:

beths Foreland

fixty
to\hijl,er''s

two Degrees, hedefcry'd

which he entred, and thence it

About two years after proceeding to a

a great Sea or Inlet,

took the Appellation of Forbifier's

Straight,

Straight.

farther difcovery

of

it,

he entred a good way into

utmoft Place he went to for Queen

Met a

and took pofieffion of the

thereupon gave

it

the

Name

of

Incognita.

Jnno 1580. Arthur Tett and

to

who

Elizabeth,

it,

Charles

make a Difcovery of the River

Jackman were fent out by the %uj?tan

Company,

Ob, and pafling the Straight oWaigats, took par*

of the Iflands and Places there, but not being able topafs much
farther, by reafon of the Ice, towards the latter end of the year they returned.

ticular obfervation

In profecution of this Difcovery to the North- Weft, Captain John Davis of San*
druge in Devonfrire,

made three Voyages

which he met with many

.,

his

firft

ftrange Adventures

Anno 1585. his fecond, 1587. in

but the main thing that accru'd

from

<ULME%^ICA.

Chap. V.

6^

Voyages, was the finding of a mighty Through-let between vaft and

defart Iflands, to which his Name gave the Appellation of Fretum DaYis, or Davis's s**%k

from

thefe

Straight.

went upon this Defign was Captain George Weymouth, who from
the Year 1585 to 160Z made feveral Expeditions, which produced large Relations
of ftrange Accidents that befell them, biit little of Difcovery farther than what had

The

next that

been made before.

Mr. James

Hall, very noted for his

Captain DaVvs call'd

from

the then

Voyages to

Defolation) at his falling in

King of Denmark,

with that

Qape Chriflianus,

(which before was by

Place nam'd a Head-land

Groenland,

which fome think

no other

to be

c^cbifih-

than Cape Fareml.

Jnno 1606, Mr. John %nigbt was fet out by the King of Denmark, of the Paffages
of whofe Voyage little or nothing memorable is recorded.
The next and moll famous Attempter in the difcovery of the North-Wdft Taffage,
have difcover'd farther Northward to the Pole
than any before him. From the Year 1607 to 161 o he made feveral Voyages, being fet out by Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Dudley Diggs, and Mr, JohnWoJlenholm, with

was Henry Hudfon, who

is

faid to

others that were his great Friends, and Advancers of fuch publick Defigns. In his
laft

Voyage the

Ifles

of Gods Mercy,

Queen Annes Cape, Diggs 's

Cape Salisbury,

&c. were

Ifland,

firft

Prince Henry

Kjng James's Cape,

Foreland,

Cape Woftentiolm, The ling's Foreland, Mount Charles,

taken notice of and nam'd, and,which were his princi*

pal Difcoveries, and therefore worthily retaining his

Name, Hudfons

Straight and H

^f

Straightt and
s

Cabbin by one Green, WiU

Bay but in his return
fon, and others of their Confpiracy, and together with his Son John Hud/on, Tho.
Wtddows. Am. Ludlow, Sidrach faner, and two or three more, was put over into a

homeward he was

fet

upon

in his

fmall Shallop, in which they were forc'd to feek their Fortune, and in

hood

perifli'd, for

they were never heard of after.

Not long

**;.

all likeli-

after Green

going on

Shore upon a ftrange Ifland, was fhot from an Ambufcade of Salvages into the
Heart ; the like End had Wilfon, and three more of the Confpirators dy'd of their
mortal Wounds, the reft with much ado got home in a very fick and weak Condition, through the Hardships they had fuftain'd,

and want of Provifions.

There was alfo another Hudfon, who Jnno 1608. went to the heighth of eighty
one Degrees, and gave Names to certain Places, which continue to this day, as
Whale-Bay, Hackluit's Headland, and Hudfons Touches.
By the Affiftance of Prince Henry, and thofe other Noble Perfons above mention'd, Captain Thomas Button fet out in the Year 1612. and is faid to have pafs'd
Hudfons Straight, and leaving Hudfons Bay to the South, to have Sail'd two hundred
Leagues South-Weftward over a Sea above eighty Fathoms deep, which at length
he difcover'd to be another great Bay, lince call'd Buttons Bay : He is faid alfo to

Buttons Bay,

have difcover'd a great Continent, which he call'd 2S[ey? Wales.

Several other Voyagers there were in this great Attempt of the 2{prth-iVeJ]: faf*
[age, as Captain Gibbons, Robert Bylot, William Baffins, and Captain William Ba&kridge,
who though they all came (hortofthe main Enterprize, yet every one found out

fome new Cape, Bay, or Promontory, or open'd

before, as Bylot made known Cape Comfort
Baffin,
}

a farther Paifage than had been

the Inlet call'd

'

from him

Baffins

Baffin's a*,,

Bay, as alfo Sir James Lancafter's Sound-y HaTvkridge, a farther Paifage into Lumlys Inlet.

Voyage was undertaken by Captain Lute. Fox, who at his Return gave very good hopes and encouragement, that the Work, fo long in profecution, was not impoiTible to be effected 5
neverthelefs, by reafon of the late troublefom Times it was again wholly laid

From the Year

616. to 1631. theBufinefsflept, and then a

aiide

^sHI^^HiMpiBBHKS!

%
mm

AMERICA..

67

chap. V.

Year 1668. feveral Perfons of Honor

unand
to
that
Work,
purpofe,
the
revive
furniuYd
dertook to
out two Ships which
fee
forth in June and returned about the beginning of Ho her the Year following
giving fo fatisfactory an Account of their Voyage, that in the Year 1670. the fame'
Adventurers thought fit to fend out two Ships more, (b furnifh'd, as to endure
a
Wintering there, which they did, with greater hopes than ever of finding out
afide for almoft forty years

but in

'the

the

handfom Cargo of

NjrthtWeJlPajfage, befides a

Voyage

rich Furrs,

which made

it

more

fuppcs'd this will not be the la ft Attempt,

;
but
that another will fuddenly follow. And it may well be obferv'd, that

than a faving

fo that

'tis

nothing

confiderable hath been done, in this grand Enterprize,.but by -the Englifh.

A brief View of'vphat T"laces arefojfesdat this

day in the Weft-Indies

by the Englifti, Spaniards, French, Portuguefe,

pofiefs in Northern America, <2&T England, the

TUe.EngliJJ?

WDutch.

Bay of Trinity,

Cbincet

and a part of Terra Nora, or N^pr-found Land Virginia, part of Florida, now
call'd Carolina, the"Bermudas, or Summer -Ijlands, New Holland, which they
took from
the Dutch An. 1664. with Nel> Amjlerdam and Fort Orange Terra MarU, or
Mary* Land
-

part of the Ides call' d Luc aies

among

the AntilU or Qarib hee- Ijlands,

part of St. Chrifiophers, Montferrat, NieVes or MeYis,Jntego,

guilla,

of

Barbados

Dommko, and

An-

St.Vin-

other wife call'd Providence, Jamaica, the Ifles of

Curacao
Colonies
at
Trinity,
feveral
Surinam
and
and Sinamari, with feveral Forts upon the
Coaft of Guiana 5 and laftly, the Haven Porto Belle, once the Spaniards.
cent

the

The
avail;

Ifle

St, Catherine,

Spaniards polTefs the greater!

and

beft part'of America,

wherein they have

number of very confiderable Towns.

Spain, in

which

In Northern America they have 1,

Nen>
are the Audiences of Mexico, Guadalajara, and Guatimala. 2. The
lOands

Cuba and Hijpaniola (excepting fome parts towards the Weft, which are
in pofTeilion
of the French) Boriquen, Sec. alfo St. Augufiine and St. Matthew in Florida,
arid a part

of Nefi> Mexico. In Southern America,

Terra Firma, in

which are the

Caftillad' Oro

or Golden

Audiences of Panama, and the

Caftile,

otherwife calPd

new Realm of

next Peru, in which" are the Audiences of Quito, Lima, and La Plata
;

Paraguay,

which comprehends the Countreys of Tucuman and La

The French have

laftly,

Granada
Chili

and

Plata.

in Canada, or NoVaFrancia, Montreal, the Rivers Quebeck,

Tadoufack

'

and fome Places upon the great River of St. Lawrence \ alfo Accadie,otNo^a Scotia
the
Ifle of Cape Breton, with the Fort St.Peter, from whence they
Traffick to Nepigiquit,
with the Salvages of that Coaft part of the Ifle ofTerre*NeuVe, Pemptagoet,
,.

Port-^oyd, and other FortreiTes.

St. Jean,

Among

the

(Vi^-i/ZWj,

phers, St. Bartholomew, St. Crux, St. Martin, Guadalupe, Defeado,

Sa?ittos, Martinico, St. Aloujie

Hfjpcniola.

C^yene,

Upon

where

ft;

and Granada

part of St. Qjrifto-

Marigalante, Todos

los

fome Colonies on the Weft of

America, on the Coaft of Guiana, the Ifle

like wife

the Continent of Southern

Js the Fort of St. Michael deCeperoux,

now

Fort Louis

alfo the

Colonies of Mathouri and Armire, Courrou, Coonama and Comaribo.

The Portuguefe
Capitania's

The

poiTefs all the

Coaft of

Brafile in Southern America,

with the feveral

or Pr^feBures thereof.

Dutch have onely the

Ifles.

of

St. Eu/lace

and Saba, the

Firma, the Colonies Boron, Efquib, Berebie, Aperwaque,

Guiana.

s.

Town

of Coro

in Terra

and others, on the Coaft of

m
i

iiillllllllSfSSSSSSfISS

WW

the
tnc
r
Directions. for placing
:

Volume

Whole
vviw Acet

Prints in this

of America.
%77

Barbados
>Itle

T^he general Map of ^na

Ohriftoffel

Fol.t.

408

43

Colonus

Popayan

Angto op Tercera

Americus Vefputius
Ferdinand Magellanus

412

Peru

7y

_
g

Tabula
"Rfiifile

Florida

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