GUIAS GOLDCOPD/MINSAL
http://www.goldcopd.org
http://web.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/7222754637e78646e04001011f014e64.pdf
Para la elaboracin de estas guas clnicas ha sido muy til la siguiente informacin
sobre EPOC:
1.- Estrategias de abordaje internacionales comunicadas a travs del GOLD (Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease), versin 2010
2.- Standards for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with COPD (ATS - ERS)
(2004),
3.-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: National clinical guideline on
management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and
secondary care (National Institute for Clinical Excellence/British Guidelines) 2011)
4.- Canadian Respiratory Society recommendations for the management of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (2010).
5.- Normas de la Sociedad Espaola de Enfermedades Respiratorias (SEPAR), versin
2012.
Definicion de EPOC
Mecanismos subyacentes a la
limitacin del flujo aereo en EPOC
CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO
DE PULMN
GNERO
EDAD
INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS
NIVEL SOCIOECONMICO
ASMA / HIPERREACTIVIDAD
BRONQUIAL
BRONQUITIS CRNICA
Infecciones
Situacion Socioeconomica
envejecimiento
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Diagnostico de EPOC
SYMPTOMS
shortness of breath
chronic cough
sputum
EXPOSURE TO RISK
FACTORS
tobacco
occupation
indoor/outdoor pollution
Diagnostico diferencial
a) Asma.
b) Fibrosis pulmonar.
c) Bronquiectasias.
d) Tuberculosis pulmonar.
e) Cardiopatas.
Otras causas de limitacion cronica al
flujo aereo:
Fibrosis quistica
Bronquiectasias
Secuela de TBC
Bronquiolitis obliterante
Neumoconiosis
Evaluacin de la EPOC
Evaluacin de la EPOC
mMRCBreathlessnessscale
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
severity
according to spirometry, using four
grades split at 80%, 50% and 30% of
predicted value
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
GOLD 2: Moderado
GOLD 3: Severo
(C)
(D)
3
2
(A)
(B)
1 (not leading
to hospital
admission)
0
CAT < 10
CAT > 10
Symptoms
mMRC > 2
mMRC 01
Breathlessness
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
(Exacerbation history)
2
or
> 1 leading
to hospital
admission
Risk
Risk
Evaluacin combinada de
EPOC
Al evaluar los riesgos: elegir el riesgo ms alto de acuerdo a la
clasificacion GOLD de la limitacin al flujo aereo o de la
historia exacerbacin. Uno o ms hospitalizaciones por
exacerbaciones de EPOC deben ser considerados de alto
riesgo.
Patient
Characteristic
SpirometricCla Exacerbations
ssification
per year
CAT
mMRC
Low Risk
Less Symptoms
GOLD 1-2
< 10
0-1
Low Risk
More Symptoms
GOLD 1-2
> 10
>2
High Risk
Less Symptoms
GOLD 3-4
>2
< 10
0-1
High Risk
More Symptoms
GOLD 3-4
>2
> 10
>2
Examenes complementarios
Radiografa de trax
Volmenes pulmonares y Capacidad de difusin
Oximetra y gases en sangre arterial:
OpcionesTerapeuticas : Medicamentos
Beta2-agonists
Short-acting beta2-agonists
Long-acting beta2-agonists
Anticholinergics
Short-acting anticholinergics
Long-acting anticholinergics
Combination short-acting beta2-agonists + anticholinergic in one inhaler
Combination long-acting beta2-agonists + anticholinergic in one inhaler
Methylxanthines
Inhaled corticosteroids
Combination long-acting beta2-agonists + corticosteroids in one inhaler
Systemic corticosteroids
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
OpcionesTerapeuticas : Broncodilatadores
OpcionesTerapeuticas : Broncodilatadores
OpcionesTerapeuticas :corticoides
inhalados
Un corticosteroide inhalado combinado con un beta2agonista accin prolongada es ms eficaz que los
componentes individuales.
prolongada/glucorticosteroide inhalados de un
anticolinrgico (tiotropio) parece proporcionar beneficios
adicionales.
OpcionesTerapeuticas : Corticosteroides
sistemicos
OpcionesTerapeuticas : Inhibidores de la
fosfodiesterasa-4
OpcionesTerapeuticas: Teofilina
Antitusivos
Vasodilatores
Otros Tratamientos
Oxigenoterapia
Soporte Ventilatorio (VMNI)
Reducir
sintomas
Reducir
riesgo
Patient
Group
Essential
Smoking cessation
(canincludepharmacologi
ctreatment)
B, C, D
Smoking cessation
(canincludepharmacologi
ctreatment)
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Recommended
Depending on local
guidelines
Physicalactivity
Flu vaccination
Pneumococcal
vaccination
Physicalactivity
Flu vaccination
Pneumococcal
vaccination
Patient
Recommended
Firstchoice
Alternative choice
OtherPossible
Treatments
SAMA prn
or
SABA prn
LAMA
or
LABA
or
SABA and SAMA
Theophylline
LAMA
or
LABA
ICS +LABA
or
LAMA
ICS + LABA
and/or
LAMA
Carbocysteine
SABA and/or SAMA
Theophylline
GOLD 4
ICS + LABA
or
LAMA
GOLD 3
GOLD 2
GOLD 1
D
2 or more
or
> 1 leading
to hospital
admission
ICS + LABA
and/or
LAMA
B
SAMA prn
or
SABA prn
LABA
or
LAMA
1 (not leading
to hospital
admission)
0
CAT < 10
mMRC 0-1
CAT >10
mMRC >2
GOLD 4
GOLD 3
A
GOLD 2
GOLD 1
LAMA
or
LABA
or
SABA and SAMA
CAT < 10
mMRC 0-1
2 or more
or
> 1 leading
to hospital
admission
B
LAMA and LABA
1 (not leading
to hospital
admission)
0
CAT >10
mMRC >2
GOLD 4
Theophylline
Carbocysteine
SABA and/or SAMA
Theophylline
GOLD 3
2 or more
or
> 1 leading
to hospital
admission
GOLD 2
Theophylline
GOLD 1
1 (not leading
to hospital
admission)
0
CAT < 10
mMRC 0-1
CAT >10
mMRC >2
Manejo Exacerbaciones
La exacerbacin de la EPOC es :
un evento agudo caracterizado por un
empeoramiento de los sntomas
respiratorios del paciente que est
ms all de las variaciones normales
del da a da y conduce a un cambio
en la medicacin ".
2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Impact on
symptoms
and lung
function
EXACERBATIONS
Accelerated
lung function
decline
Increased
economic
costs
Increased
Mortality
Hemograma- VHS
Esputo purulento
Pruebas bioqumicas
Espirometra
Manejo Comorbilidades
Enfermedad cardiovascular : (incluyendo enfermedad
isqumica, insuficiencia cardaca, fibrilacin auricular e
hipertensin) son una comorbilidad significativa en la EPOC y,
probablemente, las ms frecuente y ms importante.
Los beneficios del tratamiento con betabloqueantes
cardioselectivos en la insuficiencia cardaca son mayores que
el riesgo potencial incluso en pacientes con EPOC grave.
Manejo Comorbilidades
Osteoporosis y ansiedad/depresion
Cncer de pulmn
Infecciones graves
Sndrome metablico y diabetes
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2014 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
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