generation applications due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in
prices of petroleum products. A hybrid energy system usually consists of two or more renewable
energy sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in
energy supply.
Systems combining wind and solar energy have been made possible by recent technological
developments. They are integrated easily into most homes and are often linked with a batterybackup system that provides security in case of energy crisis.
The solar wind hybrid systems are used where the load is relatively small. In commercial and
industrial sectors, the systems are used (for example) in rural offices or small tourist hotels where
power shortage is chronic. It can be used in schools especially in rural and urban fringe areas. It
can be used for military (charging of communication units) as well as in railways (track
signaling).
It can be used in high end residential apartments and villas for specific needs. Amitabh
Bachchans villa in Pune has a solar wind hybrid system for powering the garage doors!
Technology
The solar panel and the wind turbine works in tandem to charge a battery via a controller. The
wind turbine could be a vertical axis wind turbine or a horizontal axis wind turbine (wind mills
of megawatt level capacities are always horizontal axis). In a typical hybrid system the battery is
first charged by the Solar, then by Wind and if necessary, by grid. You should discuss with your
solution provider the vertical and the horizontal axis wind turbine choice based on the wind
speeds prevailing in your region.
Combining renewable resources has numerous positive benefits for homeowners. Principal
among them are:
A.) Increased and consistent energy production
B.) Less required space per installation
A natural, negative correlation exists between sun and wind-power generation: when one is high,
the other tends to be low. The most obvious difference is between day and night. However, on a
larger scale, seasonal changes are equally important. Shorter days and higher average wind
speeds limit solar production during winter months, while longer days and ample sunshine work
in its favor in the summer. These factors take on greater weight when a battery-backup system is
in place. In this type of system, the energy stored in the batteries needs to be replenished more
often than what is achievable with a solar-only system. This is especially true in locations with
extreme seasonal variance. Likewise, homeowners benefit by producing surplus energy, which
not only keeps energy bills at zero, but can often be sold back to the grid for a net profit!
The second advantage relates to the physical space required for renewable energy systems - the
"energy density footprint" in industry lingo. For many homeowners, the footprint is a major
concern. While going green is a great goal, many homeowners have either limited space to install
their system or simply do not want a renewable energy system to overshadow their home or take
up a large area of their property. For solar panel arrays, necessary area increases nearly
proportionally with power output. For example, a two-kilowatt solar system requires twice the
space of a one-kilowatt system. For wind energy, however, the space required increases only
marginally. The tower base is the only required space at ground level. Even accounting for the
entire turbines shadow, a standard four-kilowatt turbine requires about 25% as much space as an
equivalent solar system. Where space is limited, such differences can make or break the decision
to install, and in far too many instances this information is not readily available.
Taken together, hybrid wind/solar systems can strike the balance many customers are looking for
between cost, energy production, and space.
USES
Recent innovations include electrical fence monitoring for intruder detection as opposed to
providing an electric shock to discourage entry. It can be used in addition to or as substitute for a
host of other fence monitoring systems.
Buried electric fences (also called "invisible fences") are sometimes used to contain dogs or
livestock. The buried wire radiates a weak radio signal, which is detected by a collar worn by the
animal. The collar emits a warning noise near the wire, but if this is ignored, produces a mild
shock. Humans and other animals are unaware of the buried line. In a similar system, the collar
uses GPS signals to determine proximity to a predetermined "virtual fence" without a physical
installation
Electric fences have the theoretical potential to radiate a significant amount of energy, acting like
an antenna or aerial. Poorly maintained electric fences (with insufficient grounding or bad
design) can interfere with, and significantly degrade, the performance of nearby telephone and
data connections, along with radio and television reception. It is also strictly recommended to
remain a safety distance to electric fences under rain or other wet conditions.
Application
1) This project will use to provide a system to save the power.
2) It also provides the automatic system which will sense the dry of the industrial device were
water cooling system is required.
3) It can be used for water level checking.
4) It is used in farming and as well as garden.
Advantages
1) Low Cost
2) Less power consumption
3) Compact
4) Applicable to industries as well as domestic uses
REFERENCES
[1] S.K. Kim, J.H Jeon, C.H. Cho, J.B. Ahn, and S.H. Kwon, Dynamic Modeling and Control of
a Grid-Connected Hybrid Generation System with Versatile Power Transfer, IEEE Transactions
on IndustrialElectronics, vol. 55, pp. 1677-1688, April 2008.
[2] D. Das, R. Esmaili, L. Xu, D. Nichols, An Optimal Design of a Grid Connected Hybrid
Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell System for Distributed Energy Production, in Proc. IEEE
Industrial Electronics Conference, pp. 2499-2504, Nov. 2005.
[3] N. A. Ahmed, M. Miyatake, and A. K. Al-Othman, Power fluctuations suppression of standalone hybrid generation combining solar photovoltaic/wind turbine and fuel cell systems, in
Proc. Of Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 49, pp. 2711-2719, October 2008.
[4] S. Jain, and V. Agarwal, An Integrated Hybrid Power Supply for Distributed Generation
Applications Fed by Nonconventional Energy Sources, IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, vol. 23, June 2008.
[5] Y.M. Chen, Y.C. Liu, S.C. Hung, and C.S. Cheng, Multi-Input Inverter for Grid-Connected
Hybrid PV/Wind Power System, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, May 2007.