Vieta's Formulas can be used to relate the sum and product of the roots of a

polynomial to its coefficients. The simplest application of this is with quadratics

Fundamental theorem of algebra states that every nonconstant polynomial with
complex coefficients has a complex root

Liouville's Theorem states that a bounded holomorphic function on the entire

complex plane must be constant. It is named after Joseph Liouville
Picard's great theorem and Picard's little theorem are related theorems
about the range of an analytic function
Holomorphic functions are the central objects of study in complex analysis

Heine-Borel theorem is an important theorem in elementary topology.

Let
be any subset of
is closed and bounded.

. Then

is compact if and only if

This statement does not hold if

is replaced by an arbitrary metric space
However, a modified version of the theorem does hold:
Let
be any metric space, and let
be a subset of
only if
is closed and totally bounded.

. Then

is compact if and

Euler's Totient Theorem is a theorem closely related to his totient function.

If
If

is an integer and

is a positive integer relatively prime to ,in other words

is a positive integer,

range

is the number of integers in the

which are relatively prime to .Then

Euler's totient function applied to a positive integer is defined to be the

number of positive integers less than or equal to that are relatively prime to
.

is read "phi of n."

Fermat's Little Theorem is highly useful in number theory for simplifying the
computation of exponents inmodular arithmetic
If

is an integer,

then

is a prime number and

is not divisible by ,

Lagrange's theorem is a result on the indices of cosets of a group.

Theorem. Let

be a group,

a subgroup of

, and

a subgroup of

. Then

Chinese Remainder Theorem is a number theoretic result. It is one of the

only theorems named for an oriental person or place, due to the closed
development of mathematics in the western world.
Let
be relatively prime to . Then each residue class mod
is equal to
the intersection of a unique residue class mod
and a unique residue class
mod , and the intersection of each residue class mod
with a residue class
mod is a residue class mod
.

Binomial Theorem states that for real or complex , , and nonnegative integer ,

where
is a binomial coefficient. In other words, the
coefficients when
is expanded and like terms are collected are the same
as the entries in the th row of Pascal's Triangle.
For example,

coefficients

, with

, etc.

Stewart's Theorem

Given a triangle
with sides of length
opposite vertices , , ,
respectively. If cevian
is drawn so that
,
and
, we
have that
. (This is also often
written
, a form which invites mnemonic memorization,
e.g. "A man and his dad put a bomb in the sink.")