Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras,
Chennai 600 036, India
b
UCAL Fuel Systems Ltd., Chennai 600 002, India
Received 8 November 2012; accepted 16 August 2013
Throttle body assembly plays a vital role in metering the airflow. It mainly consists of a butterfly valve to vary the flow
area to control air flow rate through it. There is hardy any established procedure to design a throttle body assembly based on
the engine specifications. In order to bridge the gap, this study, design and optimization of a throttle body assembly for a
single-cylinder engine used in two-wheeler application has been analyzed along with the investigation of critical flow
through various sub systems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To start with, the throttle bore and bypass passage
diameters are calculated from the basic flow equations. Using CFD, best possible throttle shaft profile is arrived at, which
will enhance airflow to the engine. The airflow rate for different throttle openings is predicted taking into account the
distribution of main and bypass flow. It is observed that the airflow through main and the bypass passage are almost same
around 12% throttle opening and the airflow through main passage takes over beyond 25% opening. The novelty of this
study is that airflow through the bypass is also predicted for different screw positions. From the analysis of results, it is
found that with around two turns of bypass screw opening, the required amount of air flow rate could be achieved through
the bypass passage to run the accessories of the engine at idling and also to meet the required performance and emissions
levels as per the design target. In addition, there is a good agreement of CFD predictions with experimental results with an
error of about 6%. Finally, it is concluded that the procedure adopted in this study to design the throttle body as per engine
specifications will be very useful for the engine designers and in this aspect, CFD plays an important role.
Keywords: Throttle body assembly, CFD, Main flow, Bypass flow, Wake, Experimental results
351
352
4 Vdisp
D=
(1)
2 p0 p0
1
Vt =
0 1
p
... (2)
4m
1
2
p
p
2 p0 0
1 p 0
p0
(3)
353
D2 - * a * b
... (4)
354
( u ) ( v ) ( w)
+
+
+
=0
t
x
y
z
where
... (5)
Du ( p + xx ) yx zx
=
+
+
+ S Mx
x
y
z
Dt
(6)
Y-momentum is
Dv xy ( p + yy ) zy
=
+
+
+ SMy
Dt
x
y
z
(7)
Z-momentum is
Dw xz yz ( p + zz )
=
+
+
+ S Mz
x
y
z
Dt
(8)
( k )
+ div ( kU ) = div t gradk + 2 t Eij . Eij (9)
t
k
( )
2
+ div ( U ) = div t grad + C1 2 t Eij . Eij C2
t
k
k
(10)
k2
Boundary conditions
355
356
357
Fig. 13 Velocity and pressure plots at bypass screw with two turns
358
359
360
% Error
0.5
0.02
0.75
0.5
2.0
0.5
0.5
(i)
(ii)
Uncertainty analysis
2 *
100
X
(11)
( X X )2
N
(iii)
(iv)
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