KARAIKAL SLIPWAY RETAINING WALL

DESIGN FOR EARTH PRESSURE ONLY

Design Of Retaining Wall
* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.50

4.00
Water Side

Earth Side

1.20
0.50

0.50
1.00

2.70
Condition 1 : No water inside , Earth fill outside

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(e), considering it to be saturated
Angle of internal friction of soil()
Unit wt. of concrete
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC)
Unit wt. of water,w
Coefficient of friction,m
Factor of safety against overturning
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case)
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case)
Loads
Weights
Load
Value(KN)
W1
76.80
W2
0.00
W3
50.00
W5
33.75
TOTAL
160.55
Earth pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 8.1 of IS:1893-1984)
h
v

=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

16.00
32.00
25.00
250.00
10.00
0.62
1.40
1.20
1.40

KN/m
degree
KN/m3
2
KN/m
KN/m3

Horizontal Seismic Coefficient.

Vertical seismic coefficient equal to h/2
Angle of internal friction of soil
tan-1[(h)/(1v)]
Angle which earth face of the wall makes with the vertical

1 of 5

=
=

F
b

=
=

Slope of earth fill

Angle of friction between the wall and earthfill
(wall friction angle,should be taken 2/3 of of IRC-78pp79)
factor which is a function of geometry
Thickness of wall
2.00

(1 v) * cos2 ( - - )
cos * cos2 * cos( + + )

=
Ca

X
1 +

1.00
sin ( + ) sin ( - - ) 1/2
cos ( - ) cos ( + + )

1 +

1.00
sin ( + ) sin ( - - ) 1/2
cos ( - ) cos ( + )

Putting h = 0, v = 0 and =0
2.00

(1 ) * cos2 ( -)
1 * cos2 * cos( + )

=
Ca'
T
=
Sa/g
=
h
=

=
v = 2h/3 =

= tan 1

=
=
=

h
=
1 v

0.20
2.50
0.10
32.00 degrees
0.07
5.36 or

(From Software calculation)

( Ref. fig. 5 of earthquake report for 0.2 sec natural period)
( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

6.12 degrees

0.00 degrees
21.33 degrees
0.00 degrees

Calculation of Active Coefficients

STATIC

(1 + v) * cos2 ( - - )

TOTAL
0.86

(1 - v) * cos2 ( - - )

0.76

0.72

cos * cos2 * cos( + + )

0.88

0.93

sin ( + ) sin ( - - )

0.35

0.43

cos ( - ) cos ( + + )

0.89

0.93

Total Ca
Castatic

=
=

0.37
0.28

Coefficient for dynamic earth pressure increment,Cadynamic = Ca - Ca'

0.09

Maximum static earth pressure =

(1/2)*e*h*Castatic

Dynamic earth pressure

(1/2)*e*h*Cadynamic

6.60 KN/m
2
2.16 KN/m

Load due to static earth pressure(Sepr) =

6.60*4.00

Load due to dynamic earth pressure(Depr) =

2.16*4.00

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

=
6.48 KN

0.72

(1 v) * cos2 ( - - )

19.80 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

2 of 5

Vehicle surcharge
Equivalent to soil surcharge of height,he
Pressure due to vehicle surcharge,Pvs =

castatic*e*he

=
=

0.00 m
2
0.00 KN/m

Load due to vehicle surcharge(Wv) =

Pvs * h

0.00 KN

acting at a distance 1/2 of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seismic load of wall
Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5

Cooresponding weight(KN)
0.00
50.00
33.75

Seismic Load value (KN)

0.00
5.00
3.38

Cooresponding weight(KN)
0.00
50.00
33.75

Seismic Load value (KN)

0.00
-3.33
-2.25

Cooresponding weight(KN)
76.80

Seismic Load value (KN)

-5.12

Vertical Inertia seismic load of wall

Load
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Vertical Inertia seismic load of Soil
Load
SVW1

Stability against Overturning

a) Without earthquake case
Resultant of vertical forces

Load
W1
W2
W3
W5
Total Wt.

Moment about
Value(KN)
CG from B(m) B(KNm)
76.80
2.10
161.28
0.00
1.50
0.00
50.00
1.25
62.50
33.75
1.35
45.56
160.55
269.34

CG of resultant from B

Overturning Moment due to static earth pressure + Vehicle surcharge,Mo

Resisting Moment,Mr
FOS = Mr/Mo

=
=
=

B
1.68 m
36.30 KNm
269.34 KNm
7.42
>1.4 OK

b) With earthquake case

Moment about
Load
Value(KN)
CG from B(m)
B(KNm)
SLW2
0.00
1.83
0.00
SLW3
5.00
2.50
12.50
SLW5
3.38
0.25
0.84
SVW2
0.00
1.50
0.00
SVW3
-3.33
1.25
-4.17
SVW5
-2.25
1.35
-3.04
Depr
6.48
2.50
16.20
Total Wt.
0.90
9.00
Overturning moment due to Lateral seismic loads,earth pressure and vehicle
=
surcharge,Mo =36.30+(0.00x1.83+5.00x2.50+3.38x0.25)+6.48x2.50
Resisting moment,Mr =269.34+0.00x1.50+-3.33x1.25+-2.25x1.35
=
FOS = Mr/Mo
=

65.85 KNm
262.14 KNm
3.98
>1.4 OK

3 of 5

Stability against Sliding

a) Without earthquake case
Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

19.80 KN
100.32 KN
5.07
>1.4 OK

=
=
=

34.66 KN
96.83 KN
2.79
>1.2 OK

b) With earthquake case

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

Base Pressure Calculation

Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))
a) Without earthquake case
Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
(269.34- (19.80 X (4.00/3 + 0.50) + 0.00 X (4.00 /2 + 0.50) ) ) / 160.55

e = Lr - L/2
Pressure at A
Pressure at B

=
=
=

1.45 m
0.10 m
2
72.88 KN/m
46.05 KN/m2

Towards A from centre of footing

<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

STEM
Sepr =

19.80
h/3

HEEL

TOE

C
A

B
55.99

72.88

60.95

46.05

b) With earthquake case

Distance of resultant from B, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R

e = Lr - L/2
Pressure at A
Pressure at B

=
=
=

Depr + Wv

Sepr =
h/2

6.48

1.27 m
-0.08 m
46.77 KN/m2
68.02 KN/m2

Towards B from centre of footing

<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

STEM

19.80
h/3
HEEL

TOE
D

B
60.15

46.77

56.21

68.02

4 of 5

Design
a) Bending Moment and Shear stress Calculations
* -ve load indicates downward load
* Deductions are due to selfweight and soil weight
* Lever arm distance is the distance of CG of load to the point about which moment is considered
* Shear stress calculated at a distance d from face of concrete

Component
Heel Slab
Toe slab
Stem

Shear
Moment( Stress(N/
Load
Load due to earth
Point about which
mm2)
bottom pressure(KN) Deduction(KN) Net Load(KN)
Lever arm distance(m) KNm)
mom. Is taken
61.79
91.80
-30.01
17.46
0.05
0.58
About C
64.09
12.50
51.59
26.32
0.07
0.51
About D
Depr + Wv
Sepr

6.48
19.80

About C
About C
Total for stem

12.96
26.40
39.36

2.00
1.33
=

0.06

b) Reinforcement Calculations
M
Fe

Grade of concrete used

Grade of Steel used

35
415

Reinforcement for stem earth side

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

59.04
Provide

T16

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

110.5634113
417
0.07
@ 205 c/c but provide @
150.00
1340.41 mm2
2
600.00 mm
@ 185 c/c but provide @
150.00

Mu/bd2

main Astr

pt
%

0.33 0.339545

mm2
0.23

959.1

Reinforcement for Heel Slab

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

26.18
Provide

T12

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

73.62871577
450 0.0573
@ 195 c/c but provide @
150.00
2
753.98 mm
2
600.00 mm
@ 185 c/c but provide @
150.00

Mu/bd2

0.29 0.129305

main Astr

pt
%

mm2

0.127

571.5

Reinforcement for Toe Slab

dr

Moment(Mu)

(kN-m)

(mm)

39.48
Provide

T12

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

dp
(mm)

N/mm

Mu/bd2

c
2

90.41239908
450 0.0895
@ 90 c/c but provide @
75.00
1507.96 mm2
2
600.00 mm
@ 185 c/c

N/mm

0.37 0.194975

main Astr

pt
%

mm2
0.27

1215

5 of 5

KARAIKAL SLIPWAY RETAINING WALL

DESIGN FOR WATER PRESSURE ONLY
Design Of Retaining Wall
* All dimensions are in m unless specified
0.50
HFL
4.00
Water Side

Earth Side

2.68

1.20
0.50

0.50
1.00

2.70
Condition 2 : Water inside , No Earth outside

Properties
Unit wt. of soil(e)
=
16.00 KN/m3
Angle of internal friction of soil()
=
32.00 degree
Unit wt. of concrete
=
25.00 KN/m3
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil(SBC)
=
250.00 KN/m2
3
Unit wt. of water,w
=
10.00 KN/m
Coefficient of friction,m
=
0.62
Factor of safety against overturning
=
1.40
Factor of safety against Sliding(For earthquake case)
=
1.20
Factor of safety against Sliding(For non earthquake case)
=
1.40
Loads
Selfweight
Load
Value(KN)
W2
0.00
W3
50.00
W4
40.00
W5
33.75
Water pressure(Static & Dynamic)
(Ref. Clause 7.2 of IS:1893-1984 for Hydrodynamic pressure)
h
=
Horizontal Seimic Coefficient.
v
Vertical seismic coefficient equal to 2h/3
=
T
=
0.20
Sa/g
=
2.50
( Ref. fig. 5 of earthquake report for 0.2 sec natural period)
h
=
0.10
( Ref. clause 5.4.3 of earthquake report)

1 of 8

The Hydrodynamic Pressure

p = C

wh

The Coefficient varies with shape and depth

C
CS = m
2

y
2 y +
h
h

10.00 KN/m3
2.68 m
0.75 for vertical face of wall
0.10
0.07

w=
h=
Cm =
h =
v =
Element
Height
2.68

Cm Coefficient Calculated from Fig:10

of IS:1893-1984
y Depth of water from surface

y
y
2
h
h

Depth from
surface, y
2.68

Cs

p(KN/m

0.75

2)

2.01
w*h

Maximum static Water pressure =

Hydrodynamic pressure at base

2
26.80 KN/m

2.01 KN/m2

Load due to static water pressure(Swpr) =

0.5 x26.80 x 2.68

35.91 KN

Load due to Hydrodynamic pressure(Dwpr ) =

2/3 x 2.01 x 2.68

acting at a distance 1/3 of height from bottom

=
3.59 KN
acting at a distance 0.4h of height from bottom

Lateral Inertia seismic load

Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5

Cooresponding weight(KN)
0.00
50.00
33.75

Seismic Load value (KN)

0.00
5.00
3.38

Cooresponding weight(KN)
0.00
50.00
33.75

Seismic Load value (KN)

0.00
-3.33
-2.25

Vertical Inertia seismic load

Load
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Stability against Overturning
a) Without earthquake case
Resultant of vertical forces

Load
W2
W3
W4
W5
Total Wt.

Value(KN)
0.00
50.00
40.00
33.75
123.75

Moment about
CG from A(m) A(KNm)
1.20
0.00
1.45
72.50
2.20
88.00
1.35
45.56
206.06

CG of resultant from A

Overturning Moment due to static water pressure

Resisting Moment
FOS

=
=
=

1.67 m
50.04 KNm
206.06 KNm
4.12
>1.4 OK

2 of 8

b) With earthquake case

Load
SLW2
SLW3
SLW5
SVW2
SVW3
SVW5
Dwpr

Value(KN)
0.00
5.00
3.38
0.00
-3.33
-2.25
3.59

Moment about
A(KNm)
0.00
12.50
0.84
0.00
-4.83
-3.04
5.65

CG from A(m)
1.83
2.50
0.25
1.20
1.45
1.35
1.57

=
=
=

69.03 KNm
198.19 KNm
2.87
>1.4 OK

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

35.91 KN
77.33 KN
2.15
>1.4 OK

Sliding Force,Fs
Resisiting Force = mR
FOS = R/Fs

=
=
=

47.88 KN
73.84 KN
1.54
>1.2 OK

Overturning moment due to Lateral seismic loads and water pressure

Resisting moment
FOS
Stability against Sliding
a) Without earthquake case

b) With earthquake case

Base Pressure Calculation

Mv = moment due to vertical forces
Mh = moment due to horizontal forces
R = Vertical Reaction
e = Eccentrcity of resultant force from centre of foorting
Pressure, P = ((R/L) x (1 +- 6e/L))
a) Without earthquake case
Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
Lr

1.26 m

e = Lr - L/2
Pressure at B
Pressure at A

=
=
=

-0.09 m
36.75 KN/m2
54.92 KN/m2

Swpr =

35.91

Towards A from centre of footing

<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

STEM

HEEL

TOE h/3

C
A

B
43.48

54.92

46.84

36.75

3 of 8

b) With earthquake case

Distance of resultant from A, Lr =(Mv - Mh)/R
Lr

e = Lr - L/2
Pressure at B
Pressure at A

=
=
=

1.09 m
Towards A from centre of footing
<SBC,OK
<SBC,OK

-0.26 m
18.78 KN/m2
68.75 KN/m2

STEM

0.4h

Dwpr =
Swpr =
h/3

3.59
35.91

HEEL
A
68.75

TOE
D
37.29

46.54

18.78

Design
a) Bending Moment and Shear stress Calculations
* -ve load indicates downward load
* Deductions are due to selfweight and weight of water
* Lever arm distance is the distance of CG of load to the point about which moment is considered
* Shear stress calculated at a distance d from face of concrete

Component
Heel Slab
Toe slab
Stem

Load due to earth

bottom
pressure(KN)
69.18
28.03

Shear
Moment( Stress(N/
Lever arm distance(m) KNm)
mm2)
0.64
34.59
0.08
0.44
5.01
0.02

Point about which

Load
mom. Is taken
Deduction(KN) Net Load(KN)
About C
15.00
54.18
About D
39.30
-11.27

Dwpr
Swpr

1.07
0.89

About C
About C
Total for stem

3.59
35.91

3.85
32.08
35.93

0.08

b) Reinforcement Calculations
M
Fe

Grade of concrete used

Grade of Steel used

35
415

Reinforcement for stem Water side

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

43.12
Provide

T12

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

94.48277383
@ 185 c/c

419

Mu/bd2

0.10

0.29 0.245598

611.34 mm2
600.00 mm2

pt
%
0.085
0.122

main Astr
mm2
600

500.00

@ 185 c/c

Reinforcement for Heel Slab

Moment(Mu)

dr

dp

(kN-m)

(mm)

(mm)

N/mm2

N/mm2

41.51
Provide

T12

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

92.70740062
@ 185 c/c

419

0.101

611.34 mm2
600.00 mm2

Mu/bd2

0.29 0.236455

pt
%
0.1
0.122

main Astr
mm2
600

0.50

@ 185 c/c

4 of 8

Reinforcement for Toe Slab

dr

Moment(Mu)

(kN-m)

(mm)

6.02
Provide

T12

provide distribution steel @ 0.12%

T12

35.29381405
@ 185 c/c

dp

(mm)

N/mm
419

Mu/bd2

c
2

0.019

N/mm

0.29

0.03427

pt
%
0.06
0.122

main Astr
mm2
600

611.34 mm2
600.00 mm2
@ 185 c/c

5 of 8

b) Permissible stresses
Material

Permissible
stresses
N/mm2

Grade

Remarks
In compression (bending

Concrete

35.00

Concrete

35.00

11.50 Ref. Table21 IS456)

In compression(direct Ref.

9.00 Table21 IS456)

Away from Liquid retaining

Steel

415.00

190.00 face(Table2 IS3370(part2))

Steel

415.00

150.00 face(Table2 IS3370(part2))

Concrete

35.00

Concrete

35.00

Resistance to
cracking(tension due to
bending) :table 1
1.80 ,IS3370(II)
Resistance to cracking(
Direct tension ) :table 1
1.30 ,IS3370(II)

near to Liquid retaining

c) Material Properties

cb
st
Modular ratio = 280/3cb
N = 1 / (1+ st/mcb)
j = 1- N/3

=
=
=
=
=

2
11.50 N/mm
2
150.00 N/mm
8.12
0.38

0.87

6 of 8

d) Heel slab Design

Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req = M/(st.j.d)
Provide
bottom steel
Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

12.00

175.00 but provide @

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
150.00
=
=
=
=

34.59 kN-m

134.35
500.00
12.00
75.00
419.00
631.10

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2 per mr

753.98 mm2 per mr

0.18
0.08 N/mm2
0.20 N/mm2
(Table 23, IS:456-2000)
OK

e) Toe slab Design

Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req = M/(st.j.d)
Provide
Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

12.00

1235.00 but provide @

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
150.00
=
=
=
=

5.01 kN-m

51.15
500.00
12.00
75.00
419.00
91.47

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2 per mr

753.98 mm2 per mr

0.18
0.02 N/mm2
0.20 N/mm2
(Table 23, IS:456-2000)
OK

f) Stem Design
Max. Bending Moment
Overall Depth required,D =
Depth Provided
Dia. Of rebar
Clear Cover
Effective depth,d
Ast req = M/(st.j.d)
Provide
Ast prov =
100Ast/bd =
Shear stress at a distance d
Permissible shear stress

sqrt(6.M/cb.b) =

12.00

170.00 but provide @

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
150.00
=
=
=
=

35.93 kN-m

136.92
500.00
12.00
75.00
419.00
655.51

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2 per mr

753.98 mm2 per mr

0.18
0.08 N/mm2
0.20 N/mm2
(Table 23, IS:456-2000)
OK

Check For Crack width in STEM

( Ref. Pillai andn Menon: Page-369)

Permissible Bening Compressive Stress in Concrete

(Ref: IS 456:2000, table 21, page 81)

11.50

N/sq.mm. for M35 grade

Since we are considering stresses due to Earthquake , the stresses specified above has been exceeded upto a limit of 33.333 percent.
(Ref: IS 456:2000, Section B-2.3, page 80)
=>
m
=
8.12
D
=
500.00 mm
b
=
1000.00 mm
d
=
419.00 mm
Ast
=
753.98 sq.mm
Asc
=
1340.41 sq.mm
d'
=
81.00 mm.
Clear Cover
=
75.00 mm
Spacing
=
150.00 mm
p
=
0.18
p'
=
0.32

7 of 8

Taking moments of areas of the cracked-transformed section about NA

2

k=[m (p+1.5p) +2m(p+1.5p'd'/d)

=>

0.5

-m(p+1.5p')]

kd

=
=

Es

0.40
166.97
200000.00

N/mm^2

Tensile Stress in Steel Under Service Load

Moment due to service Load

=>

fst

m * M(d-kd) / Icr

Icr

2.01E+09

fst

36.55 Mpa.
Which is less than st = 230 Mpa

(1/Es) * [(D-kd)/(d-kd)]*[ fst - {bt (D-kd)/(3*Ast)}]

35.93 KN.m
mm4

Crck width Calculation

=>

0.00

Cmin.

75.00 mm

acr

106.07 mm

wcr

=
=

(3*acr*m) / [1+{2*(acr-cmin) / (D-kd)}]

-0.20 mm.

As per IS 456:2000 Clause No. 35.3.2 Permissible Limit for cracking is 0.2 mm.

8 of 8