MEASUREMENT
Meter
Meter is the unit of length in S.I. System.
Meter is defined as "The distance between the two marks on a Platinum-Iridium bar kept at 0OC
in the International Bureau of Weight and Measures in Paris."
"Kilogram is defined as the mass of a platinum cylinder placed in the International Bureau of
Weight and Measures in Paris."
A measuring instrument can not measure any thing whose dimensions are less than the magnitude of
least count.
When jaws of a Vernier Callipers or Screw Gauge are closed, zero of main scale must coincides with the
zero of vernier scale or circular scale in case of screw gauge.
If they do not coincide then it is said that a zero error is present in the instrument.
Types Of Zero Error
Zero error may be positive or negative.
A positive zero error in the instrument shows a larger measurement than the actual
measurement.
In order to get exact measurement, positive zero error is subtracted from the total reading.
.
A negative zero error in the instrument shows a smaller measurement than the actual
measurement.
In order to get exact measurement, negative zero error is added to the total reading.
Pitch
"Perpendicular distance between two consecutive threads
Personal error comes into existence due to making an error in reading a scale. It is due to faulty
procedure adopted by the person making measurement.
Systematic Error
The type of error arises due to defect in the measuring device is known as "SYSTEMATIC ERROR".
Generally it is called "ZERO ERROR". it may be positive or negative error. Systematic error can be
removed by correcting measurement device.
Random Error
The error produced due to sudden change in experimental conditions is called "RANDOM ERROR".
For example:
It is an accidental error and is beyond the control of the person making measurement.
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