Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 4263 (1967): Code of safety for chlorine [CHD 8:

Occupational Safety, Health and Chemical Hazards]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

IS : 4263 - 1967
Reaffirmed 1995
( (Reaffirmed
2002) )

Indian Standard
CODE OF SAFETY

FOR CHLORINE

( Seventh Reprint OCTOBER 1997 )

UDC 661.41

: 614.8

0 Copyright 1967
BUREAU
MANAK

Gr

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

November

1967

IS : 4!463 - 1967

Indian Standard
CODE OF SAFETY FOR CHLORINE
Chemical Hazards Sectionai Commitbee, CDC 18
Re/wcqenting

Chairman
Srnu K. S. MANKXER

Directorate
General
of Factory
Advice
Service &
Labour Institutes
( Ministry of Labour,
Employment & Rehabilitation
), Bombay

1iembers
Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Bomba)
SHRIJ. D. ADHIA
SHRI S. M. MACHIKAJU (Alternate)
Directorate General of Health Services ( helinistry of
Smr S. IL BORKAR
Health ), New Delhi
SHRI P. S. RAUACHAKDHAN
( AltcrnatC)
Central Public He&h Engineering
Research Institute
SHRIJ. M. DAVE
( CSIR ), Nagpur
Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways),
New Delhi
DIRECTOR, TRAFFIC
DEPUTY
(GENERAL)
Ministry of Petroltim
and Chemicals
SHRIJ. M. GUHA
DR G. JAYARAMARAO ( Altmnate )
Atomic Energy Establishment
Trombay,
Bomba!
DRJAGDISHSSHANKAR
Directorate
General
of Technical
Development,
SHRI JOGINDER SIN~H
New Delhi
Department
of Explosives
( Ministry
of Works and
SHRI S.N. IaAHIRI
Housing )
SHRI S. C. KOY (dltertwfe )
Indian
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association,
SHRI C,. C. MANWR
Bombay
IIindustan Steel Lbd, Ranchi
DR V. C. MA~WODI
DR B. N. CHAKRAVAKTY
( Allrr,de)
SIIRI M. N. KHANNA ( dknafe)
Ministry of Dcfrnce ( DGI )
lk c. N. 6. IhfURTIIY
SHRI R. S. A~ARWAL ( Aftmale)
Ministry of Defence (R 8; D )
SHRI NARmnlt.4 SINOH
DR K. J. 13: j .AKRISHNA ( Allmate)
Indian Institute of Fetrolcum ( CSIR ), Debra 1)~
REPRESENT.4TIX.E
The Western India Match Company
Ltd, Bombxy
SHRI M. VENUCOPAL
Director General,
IS1 ( IL+oJicioA4tmber)
DR SAM-OPAL,
l%xtor

( Chrln

DR A. I;. BII:\~TACII.~R\-.\
Deputy

BUREAU

OF

MANAIL BHAVAN,

Director

Chrm ), I*!51

1NDIAN

9 BAH.WUl<
NEW Dl:l.lll

S?ANDARDS

SW\11
llOW!

X,\I.\K

MAl<(;

page 1 )

( Continuedfrom

Industrial

Chemical

Hazards

Subcommittee,

CDC

18 : 4

Re@wntinp

Conucnn

Directorate General of Factory Advice Service &

Labour Institutes ( Ministry of Labour, Employment & Rehabilitation),
Bombay

SHRI S. R. BHISE

Members
Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. M. MACHIRAJU( Allentale )
Central
Public
Health
Engineering
Research
SHRI J. M. Dave
Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur
TRAFFIC Railway Board ( hlinistry of Railways )
DEPUTY
DIRECTOR,
( GENERAL)
Association,
Manufacturers
Indian
Chemical
DR R. M. DESAI
Bombay
Ordnance
Factoria
Directorate
General
of
S~inr 0. P. GUPTA
( Ministry of Dcfencc )
SHRI J. D. ADHIA

SHRI

S. C.

DAS GUPTA

S. C.

ROY

( Al&male

Esso Standard Eastern Inc, Bombay

JA~ANNATI~AN
&RI
K. V. VI~AYARAGHAVAN
( Illcrnalc) Directorate General of Technical
Dcvclopmeni.
SHRI JOGINDFR SINGIT
New Delhi
Amar Dye Chcm Ltd, Bombay
SHRI G. A. KULKARNI
Department of Explosives ( Ministry of Works and
SEIRI S. N. I,AIIIRI
Housing )
SHRI

S.

SIfRl

(/Ib?mte)

Union Carbide India Limited, Calcutta

D. Waldie and Company Limited, Calcutta

DR U. 12. PATEL
SIIRI Ii. C. RA~.IIAVAN
DR R. CIIATTERJEE ( A&mate)
SHRI

hr.
SIIRI

The D. C. M. Chemical Works, New Delhi

i>. SeTI
L.

R.

C;AUTAM

( AbUZfc)

for Drafting

Yancl

Safety Codes for Hafiardous

CDC 18:4:
1

Chemicals,

Conuenn
SIIRI

hf.

I..

SHRI

L.

The

SETH

D. C. M. Chemical Works, New Delhi

Members
II.

GAUTAM

(AI&ma&

Shri hl. L. Seth )

SllRI S. K. BARAT
SHRI B. N. CHAKRAVARTY
Da K. VISWANATHAN P~AYAR

to

Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd, Sindri Unit

Hindustan Steel Ltd, Ranchi
Fcrtilizen and Chemicals Travancorc Ltd, Udyog
Mandal P.O., Kcrala State

Isr4!263-1%7

Indian Standard
CODE OF SAFETY FOR CHLORINE
0.

FOREWORD

0.1 Thii Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution
on 14June 1967, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Hazards Sectional
Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council.
0.2 One of the greatest hazards associated with the use of chlorine is that,
in becoming a familiar part of a process, it is often forgotten that it is p
tentially dangerous. The shipment of liquid chlorine in bulk from manufacturer to consumer involves various handling operationg;, m which the
principal risks are common. These are attributable to its toxicological
character, physical properties, and chemical reactivity.
0.3 It is important that personnel, engaged in a, chlorine plant or in any
activitv involving handling of chlorine, should understand the hazardous
prqe&s
of chlorine and should have a good grasp of the basis of preventive
measures. This will make them more conscious about safety which would
not be achieved if they are trained to follow certain instructionsmechanically.
0.4 In India, chlorine is deemed to be. an explosive, when contained in
any metal container in a compressed or liquefied state, within the meaning
of the Indian Explosives Act, 1884. The filling, possession,transport and
importation is governed by the Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard prescribes a code of safety concaning hazards hating to
chlorine. It describes properties and essential information fat the safe
handling and use of chlorine.
2. TERlmNOLffiY
2.1 For &e purpose of this ~taniiard,
the definitions given in IS : 4155-19669
and IS : 4167-1966t, shall apply.
mddiationhannisaadhazdmm

IS L4263 - 1967
3. PROPERTIES

OF CHLORINE

3.1 Physical Pr,dperties

3.1.1 Some of the important physical properties of chlorine are:
a) Physical State b) Colour-

gas as well as ,liquid

greenish yellow ( gas ), clear amber ( liquid j

characteristic, suffocating

c)

Odour -

d)
e)
f)
g)

Boiling ( liquefuing ) Point Freezing ( melting ) point Dens+

-34.05C

( 1 atm )

- 10&98C ( 1 atm )

3.209 g/l ( 1 atm, 0C )

Vupour Pressure -

3*617\atm ( 0C ).

3.1.2 Liquid-Gas .Volume Relationship - The weight of one volume of liquid

chlorine equals the weight of 457.6 volumes of gas at 0 and 1 atm.
3.1.3 Solubility in Water - Chlorine is only slightly soluble in water,
approximately 1 percent at 9*4C. Above this its solubility decreases with
rise in temperature up to the boiling point of water at which it is completely insoluble. Below 9.4% chlorine hydrate known as chlorine-ice
( C1,.8HsO ), may crystallise.
3.2 Chemical

and Hazardous

Properties

3.2.1 Flammability - Neither liquid nor gaseous chlorine is explosive or

flammable, but both react readily with many organic substances, usually
with the evolution of heat and, in some cases, resulting in explosion. Chlorine
is also capable of supporting combustion of certain materials.
3.2.2

Reactivity

3.2.2.1

b)

With metals

Dry chlorine reacts with aluminium, arsenic, gold, mercury,

selenium, tellurium, tin and titanium. At certain temperatures
potassium and sodium burn in dry chlorine. Carbon steel ignites
at temperatures above 250C.
Dry chlorine, both gaseous and liquid, may be handled safely in
equipment fabricated from iron, steel, 04Cr19Ni9 and 07Cr19
Ni9Mo!2Ti2? stainless steels, Hastelloy C, Monel, nickel, copper,
brass, silver, lead and platinum below 110C ( at temperatures
above 65C, chlorine reacts with steel at an accelerated rate ).
However, this temperature is considerably lower if the metal or
&,oy is in finely divided, sponge, or wire form.
Titanium, platintim, gold: and silver are resistant to wet chlorine.
Tantalum is resistant to both wet and dry chlorine at temperatures
4

IS : 4263- 1967
below 149C.
Moist chlorine readily reacts with mercury.
At low
pressure, wet chlorine may be handled in equipment made of glass,
porcelain,
and chemical
stoneware.
Gaseous chlorine,
wet or
dry, may be used with hard rubber equipment
at normal temHowever, neither soft nor hard rubber
peratures and pressures.
can be used with liquid chlorine.
3.2.2.2
With oUrer elements - Chlorine reacts with most elements under
specified conditions.
Mixtures of chlorine and hydrogen composed of more
than 5 percent of either component may react with expldsivc violence.
It
reacts with ammonia, alkalis and alkaline earth metal hydroxides,
3.2.2.3
With inorganic compounds - Chlorine
has great afhnity
for
hydrogen and as such, removes hydrogen from some inorganic compounds
to form hydrochloric
acid..
It reacts with ammonia and ammonium compounds to form various mixtures of chloramines and under proper conditions
nitrogen trichloride which is explosive.
Chlorine reacts readily with lime
and caustic soda to form hypochlorites
which are well-known
bleaching
agents.
The following chemical reactions take place between chlorine and
lime or caustic soda:
2Ca(OH)a

+ 2C1, + 2HsO

= Ca(OC1),.4H,O

+ CaCl?

2CaO

+ 2C1, + 4Hz0

= Ca(OCl)a.4H,O

+ CaCl,

2NaOH

+ Cl,

= NaOCl

These reactions
are used for handling

are important because

chlorine leaks.

NaCl + Ha0

lime and caustic soda solutions

3.2.2.4
With orgut& compounds - Chlorine
reacts
pounds to form chlorinated
derivatives and hydrogen
these reactions,
particularly
those with hydrocarbons,
may become explosive.
4. HAZARDS

ASSOCIAm

WITH

with organic comchloride.

Some of
alcohols and ethers

CHLORINE

4.1 Health Hazards

4.X.1 Genml- Chlorine gas is primarily a respiratory irritant.
It is
~0 intensely irritating that concentrations
above 3 to 5. ppm by volume in
air are readily detectable
by normal person.
The th:.eshold limit value
of.chlorine accepted at present is 2.9 .mg/ms of air.
exposures of skin to high concentra.4.1.2 Acute Local - Short-duration
tions of chlorine gas is not much irritating or corrosive.
But this effect is
,perceptible only when prolonged exposure is tolerated by the use of respiratory protection.
Splashes of liquid chlorine on the eyes, skin and clothing,
may cause immediate
irritation
and chemical bums, and severe damage

to body tk3ues.
5

IS:4263-1967
4.1.3 Acuk, Syskmic - Chlorine gas is extremely irritating to the mucous
memberanes, the eyes and the respiratory tract. If the duration of exposure
or the concentration of chlorine is excessive, it will cause restlessness, throat
irritation, sneezing and copious salivation. In extreme cases, lung tissues
may be attacked resulting in pulmonary edema. The physiological effects
of various concentrations of chlorine gas are shown in Table 1.
TABLE

EFFECT

OF CHLORINE

AT VARIOUS

CONCENTRATIONS
PARTS OF CHLORINE
GAS PER MILLION
PARTS
OF AIR, BY VOLUME

EXPECTS

after

(3)
1.0

with-.

4.0

(2)
Least amount required to produce
scvrral hours cxposurc
ii)

Least detectable

slight symptoms

3.5

odour

iii)

Maximum
amolmt that may bc inhaled
out serious disturbances

iv)

Noxiousness,

v)
vi)

Least amount

required

to cause irritation

Least amount

required

to cause coughing

vii)
viii)

Amount

impossible

dangcious

Kills most animals

to brcathr

in 30 minutes
in very short

for I hour

several

minutes

5.0

of throat

15.1

to 1 hour
time

30.2
40 to GO
.I 000

4.1.3.1 EfGcct of liquid chlorine by absorption through skin, lungs,

or intestinal canal is unknown:,but when exposed to normal atmospheric
pressure and temperature it vaporises to gas which will produce the effects
described in 4.1.2 and 4.1.3.
4.1.4 Chrolric ( Local and SsLemic ) - Chlorine gas produces no known
cumulative effects. A concentration of 1 ppm of chlorine gas may produce
slight symptoms after several hours exposure, but careful examination of
workers exposed daily to detectable concentrations reportedly has shown no
chronic systemic effects. Local chronic effects have not been clinically
demonstrated.
Sensitization has not been a problem with chlorine.
4.1.4.1 It should be noted here that several hours exposure in the
atmosphere containing chlorine ata concentration below that which can be
detected by smell or sight may produce slight irritation.
Therefore, suitable
means of leak detection should be employed for the protection of persona
continuously exposed to chlorine handling operations, especially in confined
areas. One of the most effective way of leak detection is the use of aqueow
ammonia solution, which produces white fumes in the presence of even slight
quantities of chlorine.
Chlorine reacts spontaneously with hydrogen
4s Explosion Hazardslowly in the dark but,@q+sively in sunlight or at high temperatures, to
6

IS:4263-1967
form hydrogen chloride.
The rate of reaction in an equivalent mixture of
the two gases is reportedly increased .markedly by the presence of.oxygen.
This fact is of great importance during the manufacture of chlorine by
electrolysis and precautions must be taken to prevent the mixing of hydrogen
with chlorme in dangerous proportions which may cause a serious fire and
explosion.
Regular analysis of chlorine for its hydrogen content is essential.
The lower explosive limit of hydrogen-chlorine mixtures varies from 3-l to
8-l percent, depending on pressure and other variables.
4.21 Hot chlorine gas from electrolytic cells, may sometimes crystallize
as chlorine octahydrate ( Cl,.8Hz0 ) due to sudden cooling and clog the
pipe lines resulting in hold up of the gas in the pipe lines and allied equipment. This will cause back pressure inside the cells and escape of chlorine
intolair or into the hydrogen chamber resulting in explosion.
4.2.2 Since liquid chlorine increases considerably in volume when evaporated, hydrostatic rupture in containers, pipe lines and other equipments
may occur due to build up of excessive pressure. Particularly, the danger
due to pressure build up in a heated cylinder leading to an explosion is to
be noted.
4.5 Fire Ha&d
only moderate, it
turpentine, ether,
powdered metals,
5. STORAGE

-Though
the fire hazard, attributable to chlorine, is
may react to cause fires or explosions upon contact with
ammonia gas, illuminating gas, hydrocarbons, hydrogen,
saw dust and phosphorus.

AND HANDLING

5.1 Storage
5.1.1 Cylinders should be stored in an upright position. They shou/d be
secured to prevent from falling over. Full and empty cylinders should not
be stored together.
Ton containers should be stored on their sides. Theg
should not be stacked or racked more than one high.
5.1.2 Storage areas should be remote from elevators gangways or
ventilating
systems because, in the event of a chlorine leak, dangerous
concentrations of chlorine may spread rapidly.
5.1.3 The storage area should be separate from that in which other
compressed gas containers are stored, and should contain no turpentine,
ether, anhydrous ammonia, finely divided metals or other inflammable
The storage area should be dry, well-ventilated, clean of trash,
material.
and protected from external heat sources ( steam pipes, etc ). Sub-surface
areas should be avoided for storing chlorine cylinders.
5.1.4 The valves on cylinders and ton containers should be protected by
a stout metal cap securely attached to the cylinder body. Tt:;s cap should
7

IS:4263-1967
always be kept in place on all containers in storage and at all times except
during evacuation of chlorine.
5.2 Hapdling
5.2.1 Cylinders should never be lifted by means of the metal cap, nor
should rope slings, chains or magnetic devices. e used.
Unloading platforms should preferably be at truck or car-be s level. The ton container
should be handled with a suitable cradle with chain slings in combination
with a hoist or crane having at least 2 metric tonnes capacity.
5.2.2 Cylinders and ton containers being trucked should be carefully
checked, clamped, or otherwise suitably supported to prevent shifting and
rolling.
They should not be permitted to drop, and no object should be
allowed to strike them with force. They should not project beyond the sides
or ends of the vehicles in which they are transported.
5.2.3 Using Chlorine From Cylinders - Cylinders normally should be
emptied in the gas phase, standing secured in an upright position.
Ifit is
necessary to empty them in the liquid phase, they should be partially inverted and clamped securely on a rack set at an angle of above 60 to the
Connection of containers discharging liquid to a manifold is
horizontal.
not recommended.
5.2.3.1 Ton-containers set in a horizontal position, with the valves in a
vertical plane, deliver gas from the upper valve and liquid from the lower
valve. When emptied in the liquid phase, a vaporizer should normally
be used.
5.2.4 fhe flow of chlorine-gas
internal pressure which in turn
chlorine.
Discharge rates may,
of room-temperature air around

from any chlorine container depends on the

depends on the temperature of the liquid
however, be increased by forced circulation
the container.

5.2.4.1 Ifthe gas discharge ratefrom a single container will not meet
demand requirements, two or more may be connected to a manifold and
discharged simultaneously, or a vaporizer may be used. When discharging
through a manifold, care shall be taken that all containers .are at the same
temperature, particularly when connecting a new container to the manifold.
If there is a difference in the temperature of the liquid chlorine, it will be
transferred by distillation from the warm to the cool container, and the cooler
container may become completely filled with liquid. If this should occur. and
the container valve remains closed, hydrostatic pressure may cause bursting.
For this reason, extra precautions shall be observed when closing valves of
containers connected to a manifold.
Connection of cylinders or ton containers discharging liquid chlorine to a manifold is not recommended.
and the piping should
5.2.5 A flexible connection between-the contain
oe used; annealed copper tubing ( 95 mm outsiJre diameter x O-889 mm
8

IS t 4263 - 1967
wall ), suitable for 35.2 kg/cm2 service is recommended.
A clamp and
adapter connector is preferred;
if a union connector is used, the threads on
the connector
shall match the valve outlet thread.
( Valve outlet threads
are straight threads, not standard taper pipe threads .) A new gasket ( lead )
should be used when making a connection.
5.3.6 Valves should be opened counter-clockwise
with a 9.5 mm squarebox wrench not over 152 mm long.
If the valve is difficult to open, the packing nut may be struck with the heel of the hand, no other implements ought to
be used.
5.2.7 When chlorine is being absorbed in a liquid, proper precautions
shall be taken to prevent suck-back of the liquid into the container when it
becomes empty ( due to a partial vacuum created ); a barometric
leg or
vacuum breaking device or both should be used.
6. PACKING

AND

LABELLING

labelling,
handling,
and transportation
of
6.0 General - The packing,
chlorine gas, when contained in a metal container in a compressed or liquefied state is governed by the Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940.
6.1

Packing

6.1.1 Hydraulic Test--No

cylinder should be filled with chlorine gas
unless such cylinder has been subjected by the person filling it to the hydraulic
test specified in Schedule
I of the Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940, within the
preceding
2 years and has passed that test.
Any cylinder which fails to
pass the hydraulic test or which for any other reason is found to be unsafe for
use should be destroyed or rendered useless by cutting holes in it.
6.1.2 Examination Prior to Filling of Cylinder - Every cylinder should be
completely emptied, thoroughly
cleaned and dried, before it is passed fsr
filling.
It should also be examined
externally
and so far as practicable
internally, for surface defects, corrosion and foreign matter.
6.1.3 Filling Ratios and Working Pressure - Cylinders should not be filled
with liquid chloriIle in excess of the filling ratio of 1 : 19 as specified in
Schedule II c f Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940.
6.1.3.1
The working or internal pressure in the cylinder charged
chlorine should not exceed 19.9 kg/cm2 gauge in tropical climates
maximum of 65C.
6.2

Marking
6.2.1

Every

ani Labelling
cylinder

Fig. 2 of IS : 1260-1?58*

with
at a

of Cylinders

should be legibly marked with the label as given in

and the warning in the following terms should be

+&de of symbols for labelling of dangerous goods.

9

IS:426301367
printed in the lower half of the label:
Warning ! CHLORINE !
1. Do not change the colour of this cylinder.
2. This cylinder may not be fillgd with any gas other than chlorine.
3. This cylinder should be ke;t cool. It should not be placed near a
stove or any other source of heat, nor be ekposed to the sun.
4. No oil or similar lubricant should. be used on the valves or other
fittings of this cylinder.
should not be stored with any inflammable
5. This cylinder
explosive material.
7. GENERkL PREVENTIVE

or

MEASURES

7.0 The fundamental steps for safe working conditions in a plant or area
where chlorine is produced, stored
or processed are:
.
a) designing of layout of area with due consideration for adequate
natural or mechanical ventilation,
b) use of properly selected material for construction
equipment for handling of chlorine,
c) preventive maintenance
condition, and

of all

equipment

of plant and

in proper

working

d) availability and use of adequate and suitable personai protective

equipment at all times.
7.1 Employee Selection and Training
7.1 .I Employee Sclectiot2- Chlorine is particularly irritating to persons
amicted with asthma, certain types of bronchitis, other chronic lung conditions, and irritations of the upper respiratory tract; such persons should not
be employed where exposures to chlorine gas might occur. Pre-placement
medical examination including a chest X-ray is recommended for all new
entrants and follow-up medical examinations at suitable intervals for a]1
workers handling chlorine.
7 .1.2 Emjdoyee Training - Training classes for both new and old @@yees
should be conducted periodically to keep them conscious and idformed of
the hazards. There should be periodic drill and instructiqn regarding &ation, purpose and use of. personal protective
equipment, safety showers,
eye fountains, first aidkits, etc. They should be cautioned to prevent l&s,
avoi,d inhalation of gas and direct contact with the liquid. They, should bc
told to report to proper authorities immediately in case of an equipmen
failure.
10

IS:4263-1967

7.1.2.1
All workers shouid be instructed and trained to,adopt preventive
measures in case of emergency.
Such training should include knowledge of
emergency, fire fightingequipment, fire alarms, crash shut-down procedures
for valves and switches, steps to be taken before starting repairs anywhere
in the plant, use of personal protective equipment and first-aid. Regular
and surprise drills for the above should be conducted to improve further the
training in preventive and emergency aspects.
7.2 Eye Protection - Eye protection devices should always be worn in a
chemical plant. If there is danger of contact with liquid chlorine, it is
essential to wear a gas mask with a full facepiece.
Protection-A
suitable gas mask should be a\.ailable
to every employee involved with chlorine handling. Respiratory protective equipment should be carefully maintained and kept in clean, dry,
light-proof cabinets properly protected by paraffined paper or polyethylene
bags. Cleaning and inspecton by competent person is generally necessary
after each occasion on whit i the apparatus is used and should, in any case,
take place at least once a month. Equipment used by more than one person
should be sterilized after each use. A defective or inoperable mask is worse
than none at all.

7.3 Respiratory

7.3.1 So far as it is possible and consistent with efficient protection and

use, the protective equipment should be comfortable to work with.
7.3.2 No person wearing a respirator should enter a chlorine contaminated
area unless attended to by an observer who can rescue him in the event of
respirator failure or other emergencies.
7.3.3 Respiratory Protective Dedices - have moulded flexible facepieces
with transparent windows which vary in size and shape. Eye protection is
imperative due to the irritating nature of moist chlorine gas or liquid chlorine
splashes. Provision for exhaust air is accomplished by various types of
valving devices which remain tightly closed during the intake cycle of
breathing.
Connections between the facepiece and other parts of the apparatus utilize a flexible tube. which permits free head movement. This
tubing shall be visually inspected and tested for performance at frequent
intervals. If leaks in the facepiece, tube, or tube connections cannot be
eliminated by tightening the head straps, the complete facepiece and attached
flexible tube shall be replaced.
7.3.4 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus - It is equipped with a cylinder
of air or oxygen carried on the body, or with a canister which produces
oxygen chemically,. and is suitable for high concentrations of chlorine in an
oxygen-deficient atmosphere and is the preferred means of respiratory
protection.
Such apparatus operates only for a specified length of time.
7.3.5 Industrial Caniskr~Type Masks- It is equipped with a chlorine or
all-purpose canister and is suitable for moderate concentrations of chlorine,
I1

--

IS : 4263- 1967
provided sufficient oxygen is present.
The mask should be used for a relatively short exposure period only.
It may not be suitable for use in an
emergency.
For example, the rupture of a chlorine container coincident
with oxygen-consuming
fire would clearly indicate the use of a self-contained
or supplied-air
protective device, since, at that time, the actual chlorine
concentration
may exceed the safe l-percent limit and the oxygen content
may be less than 16 percent by volume.
Under this condition suffocation
is likely to result.
7.3.5.1
The canister removes contaminains
during inhalation but does
not supply oxygen.
The wearer must leave the contaminated
area immediately on detecting the odour of chlorine or on experiencing
dizziness or
difficultyin breathing;
these are indications that the mask is not functioning
properly, that the chlorine concentration
is too high, or that sufficient oxygen
is not available.
7.3.5.2
Unless the presence of other gases require the use of an all
The service life of
purpose canister, the chlorine canister should be used.
a canister depends on the size of the unit, the chlorine concentration
and
humidity of the atmosphere to which it is exposed, and the rate of breathing.
It usually varies from 15 minutes or less at high concentration
up to several
hours at very low concentrations.
Canisters installed in the mask proper
with seals broken to render the unit immediately
available,\ do not retain
their chlorine-absorptive
capacity and shall be replaced immediately
after
use or within 1 year in any case.
7.3.5.3
Spare canisters should be stored in a cool, dry, accessible place,
with seals intact, and dated so that rotation of new supplies is possible.
7.3.5.4
Exceeding
manufacturers
recommended
limits on maximum
non-use shelf life might be hazardous.
Regular replacement
of over-age
canisters, even though unused, is recommended.
Canisters should be periodically checked for their efficiency.
7.3.6 Positive Pressure ( Blower ) Hose Mask - It is equipped
with air
supplied through a hose from a remote blower and is suitable for high concentrations of chlorine provided conditions will permit safe escape if the air
supply fails.
This device is suitable in any atmosphere,
regardless of the
degree of contamination
or oxygen deficiency, provided that clean, breathable air can be reached.
This device is of the continuous flow type.
7.3.7 Demand-Type Hose Mask - It supplies air to the facepiece ( at a
rate governed by breathing ) of the user only when he inhales. Air supply for
this device may be full-sized compressed air cylinders or a compressor.
As
for continuous flow type units, the air supply must be suitable for respiration.
7.3.8 Combination
units are available which consist of a self-contained
demand air unit with a reinforced,
high-pressure
hose through which air is
supplied to the demand regulator from remote air cylinders or a compressor.
In the event that escape is not possible through the path of entry, the air hose
12

IS : 4263 - 1967
may be discolmected
and
unit on the users back.
7.3.9 The information
form which
is not only
but which may also be
sals, which include
the
ment, will help to save

escape

made

using

ail. st!pplied

by the dcnlalid

air

given nbovc should

be al)stractetl
,and put into a
suitable fhr instant
use ilr the event of cmcrxcncy,
used as the basis for Iirst-aid drill. Regular
rchearentire testing proccdurc
and wearing
of tile cquipthe life of an cmploycc
faced lyith an cmrr~cncy.

11~~danger
frqm
long-term
7.3.10
Prevention From Long-Term Efcc~s
effects may be minimized
by maintaining
carcful llicdical supervision
of those
exposed to the hazard, removing
f?om contact ;in) one who shows early syrnptoms
of being affected,
and by excluding
anyone
who may bc expcctc.d
to
show undue sensitivity
by reason of existing
bodily defect or disease.
7.3.11 Containers,
piping and equipment
should be checked for leaks
If a leak is detected it should be reported and immediate steps taken
daily.
to correct the conditions.
8. EMERGENCY

MEASURES

8.0 General
- Wherever
chlorine
is handled
a pptential
risk is involved and
a serious emergency
might suddenly
and unexpectedly
occur.
Emergency
situations should
be anticipated,
plans established
and prrsons
trained
to
counteract
them.
8.1 Handling
Leaks - Chlorine leaks always get worse unless they are
corrected promptly.
Chl orine leaks should be investigated by authorized,
If the leak is extensive
trained personnel equipped with suitable gas masks.
an effort should bc made to warn all persons in the path of the gas. Chlorine
is heavier than air; therefore persons should be instructed to keep above
and upwind of the leak.
8.1.lWater
shall never be used on a chlorine leak as it always makes the
In addition, heat supplied by even
leak worse due to the corrosive effect.
the coldest water to a leaking container causes liquid chlorine to evaporate
A leaking
container. shall not be immersed or thrown into a body
faster.
of water as the leak will be aggravated
due to the corrosive effect anrj the
container may float when partially full, al1owir.g gas evolution and dispersion
at the surface.
8.1.2 Equipment and Piping Leaks - If a leak occurs in equipment in which
chlorine is being used, the supply of chlorine shall be shut off and chlorine
which is under pressure at the leak shall be disposed off safely.
8.1.2.1
Leaks around valve stems usually may be stopped by
If this does not stop the leak, the con
the packing nut or gland.
shall be closed and the chlorine, which is under pressure in the out
?
&all be disposed OK If a container valve does not shut off tight,
13

tightening
ner valve
et piping,
the outlet

IS : 4263- 1967
cap or plug should be applied.
In case of a valve leak on a ton-container,
the container shall be rolled SO that the valves are in a vertical plane with the
leaking valve on top;-this is important.
8.1.2.2
If practical,
the pressure in the container should be reduced
by removing the chlorine as gas ( not as liquid ) to process or a disposal
system.
In
some cases it may be desirable to move the container to an
isolated spot where it will do the least harm.
8.1.3 In case of chlorine leaks, while seeking an escape, or while respiratory
equipment is being secured and adjusted, short, shallow breaths
should be taken and eyes should be closed as much as po&ble.
It is
important to keep above and to the windward side of escaping chlorine gas.
All exhaust mechanisms should bc turned on immediately.
The leaks should
be investigated at once by authorized,
trained personnel equipped
with
suitable respiratory protection.
All other persons should be kept away from
the Gccted area, until the cause of the leak is discovered and the difficulty
tori r:c ted.
Respiratory
protective
devices should be located outside the
probable area of contamination
so that it will bc possible to reach them in
emcrgcucy.
~

8.1.4 Leda ia Tramit - If a chlorine leak develops in transit in a populated

area and if the magnitude of the leakage is minor, and no emergency kits
are available, ,excessivc quantities of lime should be used to arrest leaking
If the leakage is extensive, it is advisable to dump the leaking
chlorine.
cylinder in a nearby water stream or river or, alternatively,
to keep the
transporting
vehicle moving until open country is reached in order to
Appropriate
emergency measure, as given above,
minimize the hazards.
should then be taken as quickly as possible.
8.2 Alkali Absorption
- As a regular part of chlorine storage and use,
provisions shall be made for emergency disposal of chlorine from leaking
cylinders or ton-containers.
Chlorine may be absorbed in solutions of
caustic soda or soda ash, or in agitated
hydrated-lime
slurries.
Caustic
soda is recommended
as it absorbs chlorine more readily.
The proportions
.of alkali and water recommended
for this purpose are given below:
Chlorine
Container
Capacity
kg
45
68

,900

Caustic Soda and Water

I----Weight
kg
58
90
1160

Volume
1
182
270
3680

Soda Ash and Water

b
Weight
kg

Volume
1

H)dratcd &c
and
Water
-w
Weight
Volume
1
kg

136

450

58

220

680

a2

2 720

9050

1 160

566
815
11350

8+2;1 A suitable tank to hold the solution should be provided in a con.venient location.
Chlorine gas should be pagad into the solution throw@

14

Isr4263-1967

an iron pipe or rubber hose properly weighted to hold it under the.surface;

the container should not be immersed.
a.3 Emergency Kits - The majority of chlorine suppliers have emergency
kits and skilled technicians to use them. These kits may be used to stop
most of the leaks in a chlorine cylinder, ton container, etc, and may usually
be delivered to consumer plants within a few hours in an emergency.
However, it is advisable for the consumers to purchase kits and to train employees
in their use.
8.4 Fire .- In the event of fire, chlorine containers should be moved from
the fire zone immediately.
If chlorine containers cannot be moved, water
should be applied to cool them provided no chlorine is escaping.
9. FIRST-AID
9.0 General - Suitable notices should be fixed in convenient places
regarding first-aid measures. The need for speed in all first-aid shall be
impressed on everyone concerned, together with the necessity of avoiding
further shock to the patient.
All employees should be informed of the urgent
necessity in their own interests of reporting immediately for first-aid treatment, all minor accidents and also report any sickness which may be
thought to be connected with their employment.
Any one overcome by
or seriously exposed to chlorine gas should be removed
at once to uncontaminated
area.
- If breathing has not ceased, the patient should be placed
on his back, with head and back elevated, and kept warm, using blankets,
if necessary.
Rest is essential.

9.1 Inhalation

9.1.1 If breathing apparently has ceased, artificial respiration shall be

The Nielson armlift-back pressure method is prestarted immediately.
ferable.
A physician shall be called immediately.
If oxygen-inhalation
apparatus is available, oxygen should be administered by a person authorised
for such duty by a physician.

9.1.2 Stimulants rarely are necessary where adequate oxygenation IS

maintained, and any such drugs for shock treatment should be given only by
a physician.
Milk may be given in mild cases as a relief from throat irritation. Nothing should ever be given by mouth to an unconscious patient.
9.2 Skin and Clothing - If liquid chlorine or chlorinated water has
contaminated skin or clothing, the emergency shower shall be used immo
diately.
Skin areas should be washed with large quantities of soap and water.
No attempt shall be made to neutralize chlorine with chemicals.
No
ointment shall be applied for 24 hours. Contaminated clothing should be
removed immediately.
15

IS : 4263 - 1967
9.3 Eyes -- If eyes have been affected with liquid chlorine or high concentrations of chlorine gas, they shall be flushed immediately with running water
for at least 15 minutes.
( N o attempt shall be made to neutralize with
chemicals..)
Thereafter,
as a first-aid measure, 2 or 3 drops of O-5-percent
solution 01 pontocaine or other equally effective topical anaesthetic shall be
instilied into the eyes.
I%o oils or oily ointment should be used unless prescribed by an eye specialist.
9.4 Ingestion-The
swallowing of liquid chlorine is extremely unlikely.
However, if a person has swallowed chlorine and is conscious, he should
immediately
be made to drink copious amounts of lime water, milk of
magnesia, or fresh water if the others are not readily available.
Sodium
bicarbonate
shall not bc given.
The victim may be expected to vomit
,spontaneously,
but no attempt should be made to induce vomiting or to
A physician shall be called immediately.
use a stomach tube.
9.5 First-Aid Equipment - All employees should be given comprehensive
instructions
on the use of: first-aid equipment
mentioned
below and any
other that may be available with the authorities.
9.5.1 Properly
designed emergency
showers an+ eye baths should be
pr&ided
in convenient locations and they should be properly maintained.
9.5.2 Oxygen administration
apparatus should be available in the plants
first-aid or ambulance rooni or medical dispensary.
Such equipment should
be in the charge of a person knowing use of such apparatus in an emergency.
The big manufacturers
and large scale consumers should train several personS
in the use of oxygen administration
apparatus and make a trained person
available all the time.
9.6 Boxes or Cupboards - distinctly marked with the words First-Aid
shall be provided in readily accessible positions.
These should not contain
anything except the prescribed medical appliances and requisites.
A list
of contents should be fixed to the inside of the box.
A sufficient. number of
persons shauld be imparted effective training in First-Aid.
10. EQUIPMENT

CLEANING

AND REPAIRS

10.1 Equipment and tank cleaning and repairs should

tion of thoroughly trained personnel.
10.2 Workmen should not attempt to repair chlorine
in operation and when piping system ih in service.

be under the d&cequipment

while it is

10.3 Welding,
cutting or other work using flame or spark should not be
attempted on chlorine lines or containers until purged with steam and then
hot-air-dried.
& a substitute they may be filled with carbon dioxide provided the line is equipped with a low-pressure safety valve.
16

IS : 4263- 1967
10.4 If $1 sections arc to lx removed and flanges opened, the lower bolts
~lloultl 11:. loc,sc:llc.tl lii.st and altllougll the lines have been purged, care should
IX cxcrciscd to :tv,,id coIltact wit11 any residual material that drips from
the

cc~liipnm~t.

13.5
Imn~~tIi:~tc drying of a clllorine pipe line or container
into
which
\\,atcr accidrntly
leas IKXII illtrotluccd 01 which has been opened for repairs
or clcatlilig is essential if corrosion is to be prevented.

10.6 Wc~rkcrs cntcrinq

tank? should be equipped
with suitable personal
l,rotcc.ti\rc dcviccs, prc?erably a self-contained
breathing apparatus.
Canister ma4c should not be used unless the oxygen content is periodically deterAt least one other person should be
mined to bc Sliitablc for tliis purpose.
observing oprrations from outside the tanks at all times.
10.7 Undtrr
victim
of
harness and
at all times
at a11 times

no circumstances
should a rescuer enter a tank to remove a
ovcresposurc
without proper respiratory
protection,
a safety
Another attendant should be available
an attached life-line.
and the rescuer should be in view of the outside
attendant
or in constant communication
with him,

17

BUREAU

OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402
Fax : 91 11 3234062,91
11 3239399, 91 11 3239382
Telegrams : Manaksanstha
(Common to all Offices)
Central Laboratory
:
Telephone
Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad

Industrial Area, Sahibabad

201010

8-77 00 32

Regional Offices:

: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002

Central

: 1114 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054

*Eastern

Northern : SC0 335336,

Southern

Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH

160022

17

337 86 62
60 38 43

: C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113

$Western : Manakalaya,
MUMBAI 400093

32376

235 23 15

E9, Behind Mar01 Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East),

832 92 95

Branch Offices::
Pushpak,

Nurmohamed

Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD

SPeenya Industrial Area,

BANGALORE 560058

1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur

Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada

839 49 55

751001

Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE

Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD

Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD

Marg, C-Scheme,

121001

8-28 88 01
8-71 1996
781003

541137

500001

JAIPUR 302001

Behind

Leela

Cinema,

21 68 76
Naval

Kishore

Road,

Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010

26 23 05

(India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005

T.C. No. 14/l 421, University P. 0. Palayam, THIRUVANANMAPURAM

*Sales Cffice is at 5 Chowringhee

CALCUlTA 700072
tSales

Approach,

Cffice is at Novelty Chambers,

23 89 23
52 51 71

Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013

Institution of Engineers

201083
37 29 25

Nagar, KANPUR 208005

Seth Bhawan, 2nd floor,

LUCKNOW 226001
NIT Building,

21 01 41

201001

53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI

117/418 B, Sarvodaya

55 40 21
40 36 27

641037

5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD

E-52, Chitaranjan

550 13 48

Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003

Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR

Kalaikathir

380001

Road,

P.O. Princep Street,

Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007

$Sales Cffice is at F Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja

BANGALORE 560002

Square,

Printed at Printograph,

695034

32 36 35
621 17

271085
309 65 28
222 39 71

New Delhi (INDIA).

AMENDMENT NO. 1 MAY 2002

TO
IS 4263:1967
CODE OF SAFETY FOR CHLORINE
Insert the following new sub-clause after 3 and

( Page 4, clause 3 ) -

renumber the subsequent sub-clauses

3.1 General Properties
a) CAS Number

7782-50-5

b) UN Number

1017

c) UN class

d) Hazchem Code

2XE

e) NFPA Hazard Index

1) Health

2) Flammability

o
;

3) Reactivity

[ Page 4, clause 3.1.l(d) ] Substitute the folpwing for th,eexisting

d) Boiling Point (L@@ing)
f Page 4, clause 3.12)

%6%!? @W@
Substitute the following fmtheexistirig claui:

3.L3 Volubility Chlorine is soluble in alkalis and only slightly soluble in

water, approximately 1 percent at 9.4C. Above this its volubility deemases with
rise in temperature URto the boding point pf water at which it is completely
insoluble. Below 9.4 C chlorine hydrate known as Chlorine+ice (C12.8H20),
may crystallise.
[ Page 4, clause 3.2.2.l(b),

lines 2 and 3 ] Delete

04Cr19N19 and

07Cr19Ni9 Mo2Ti&.
[ Page 4, clause 3.2.2.1,(c)] Substitute the following for the existing:
Titanium, platinum, gold and silver are resistant to wet chlorine. Tkanium is
resistant to both wet and dry chlorine at temperature below 14C. Moist chlorine
readily resets with mereury, At low pressure, wet chlorine may be handled in
equipment made of glass, porcelain, and chemical stoneware.
1

Amend No. 1 to IS 4263:1967

( Page 5, clause 3.2.2.3)

Insert the following at the end:

Chlorine reacts with moisture to liberate nascent oxygen and form hydrochloric
acid.
( Page 5, clause 3.2.2.4)

Insert the following at the end:

Gaseous chlorine, wet or dry, may be used with hard rubber equipment at
normal temperatures and pressures. However, neither soft nor hard rubber can
be used with liquid chlorine.
( Page 5, clause 4.1.1) Substitute the following for the existing claustx

4.1.1 General Chlorine gas is primarily a respiratory irritant.

The
characteristic penetrating odour of chlorine gas usually gives warning of its
presence. At higher concentration it is visible as greenish yellow gas. The effect
of chlorine may become more severe for upto 36 hours of exposure.
( Page 6, clause 4.1.3,1ine 5 ) Insert the following after edema:
Inhal lowest published toxic concentration TCIA is 15 ppm and Inhal lowest
published lethal concentration is 430 ppm.
( Page 6, Table 1 ) Substitute the following for the existing:
Table 1 Effect of Chlorine at Various Concentrations
( clause 4.13)
S1No.

(1)
i)
ii)

Effects

Conemtranonof
Chlorine Gas in Air.

(2)

ppm
(3)
0.5

TLV-TWA(ACGIH)
STEL

:ij

iii )

Leastamountfor detectableodour

iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)

lltswhold of irritation

1
,
3.5

Noxiousness,impossible~ breatheseveralminutes
Concentrationcausingimmediateirritationof throat

4.0
5.0
15

Concentrationcausingeougtt

30.2

Concentrationdangerousin 30 minutesto 1 h

40-60

Concentrationdangerousforeven shortexpossme

50
1000

Fataleven if theexposureis brief

Amend No. 1 to IS 4263:1967

( Page 6, clause 4.1.4) Insert the following at the end:
It has been observed that prolonged exposure to atmospheric chlorine
concentration of 5 ppm results in disease of bronchi and a predeposition of
tuberculosis while lung studies have shown that concentration of 0.8 to 1 ppm
cause permanent, although moderate reduction in pulmonary function. Acne is
not unusual in persons exposed for long periods of time to low concentrations of
chlorine, and is commonly known as chlorance Tooth enamel damage may
also occur.
( Page 14, clause 8.1.4, lines 4 and 5 ) Delete the words to dump the
leaking cylinder in a nearby water stream or river or, alternatively.

(CHD7)

ReprographyUniLBIS, New Delhi, India

AMENDMENT NO. 2 OCTOBER 2010

TO
IS 4263 : 1967 CODE OF SAFETY FOR CHLORINE
(Page 3, clause 0.4, line 4) Substitute 'Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004' for
'Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940'.
(Page 9, clause 6.0, line 3) Substitute 'Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004' for
'Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940'.
(Page 9, clause 6.1.1, line 3) Substitute 'Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004'
for 'Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940'.
(Page 9, clause 6.1.3, line 3) Substitute 'Gas Cylinders Rules, 2004'
for 'Gas Cylinder Rules, 1940'.
(Page 11, clause 7.3.4) Substitute the following for the existing:
'It is equipped with a cylinder of respirable air carried on the body, and is
suitable for high concentrations of chlorine in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere
and is preferred means of respiratory protection. Such apparatus operates for a
specified length of time.'

(CHD 8)