Displacement Ventilation
Displacement
Ventilation vs. Dilution
Ventilation
Characteristics
Design Considerations
Layout and Selection
Product Overview
Casino Case Study
Diffuser Performance
aerodynamic dependant
Supply air used to dilute
pollution in space
Diffuser located Outside OZ
9 FT
- <0> +
Temperature
Heating Options
Perimeter Radiation
Radiant Ceiling
Panels
Fan Coil Units
Ventilation Effectiveness
How effectively airborne contaminants are
removed from a room.
C Exhaust
Ec =
COccupant
Mix air Systems
Ec= 0.8 1.0
DV Systems
Ec=1.2 - 1.4
Limitations
Pollutants Need to be Buoyant in Air
Warmer/lighter
Humidity Control
Side-Stream Bypass
RETURN
AIR
EXHAUST AIR
COOLING
COIL
SUPPLY
AIR 65 F
OUTSIDE AIR
PRIMARY
AIR 55 F
Performance Data
Sound - NC Level
Pressure Drop Inches W.G.
ASHRAE Test
Standard
Throw Not
Applicable
Performance Data
Neck Region
Feeling
Of
Coolness
Feeling of
Coolness
Feeling of
Warmth
Feeling of
Warmth
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE, F
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE, F
Comfort Criteria
Maximum 40 FPM Face Velocity* per
ASHRAE Research Project RP-949
Based on Commercial Applications
Velocity can be increased for Transient
Spaces
Higher airflow rates are acceptable for
Industrial Applications.
Selection
Outlet Type Determined by Room Layout
and Architecture
Outlet Quantity Determined by Air
Volume and Room Layout
Outlet Size Based on Performance
Maximum 40 FPM Face Velocity
Sound and Pressure Drop not Significant
Layout Considerations
Heat sources
pull supply air to
region
Easily moves
along walls to
source entire
room
Layout Considerations
Layout Considerations
For large open
spaces,
diffuser can be
located in the
space
Areas of high
load should
have more
diffusers
Layout Considerations
Diffusers should be
located at least 2 ft
from occupants
Diffusers should
not be located
behind large
objects that might
restrict air flow to
the zone
Ceiling Diffusers
Ceiling mounted diffusers
Supply air will gain some
heat during fall
Reduced if along a surface
Reduced Ventilation Effectiveness
Loads
Two
Components
to loads
Convection
Radiation
ASHRAE
handbook
lists portions
attributable to
each
Remember: Building
Loads are same as OH
*From ASHRAE Design Guide based on RP-949
This methodology should only be used for typical office spaces
Thermally comfortable
environment
Meet ASHRAE 55
Higher SAT
No Drafts
Load Flexibility
Cool supply air will find the heat load.
As loads are reconfigured or move, the
system will automatically compensate.
Ceiling
In walls
In furniture
In the floor
In architectural elements
Displacement Diffuser
Low Velocity Supply
Low Induction
Uniform Distribution
Dual Perforated face
Flat 1-way
1 way discharge
Side wall application where one
way discharge required
Square or rectangular
Mounted against wall inside of
occupied space
3.6 to 14.2 ft2 face area
100-700 CFM
Top, left, right, and rear ducted
options
Accessories
Duct Cover
Base
1-Way Pattern
Flat 3- Way
Square or Rectangular
Side wall application where
three way pattern is required
3-way Air Pattern
7.7 to 27.2 ft2 face area
150-1300 CFM
Top and rear ducted
available
Accessories
Duct cover
Bases
3-Way Pattern
Square or Rectangular
Mounted in Corner
90 Degree Air Pattern
3.8 to 17.6 ft2 face area
80-800 CFM
Accessories
Duct cover
Base
Corner Pattern
Wall Unit
Square or Rectangular
Mounted in Wall
Provided with plenum
Square inlet
1-way Air Pattern
3.6 to 7.4 ft2 face area
80-300 CFM
Recessed Unit
Rectangular
Mounted in Wall / Stair Riser /
Integrated into baseboards
1-way Air Pattern
20-875 CFM
.19 to 17.5 ft2 face area
Snaps into mounting flange
flush with wall
Can be used in any wall
mounted application where a
pressurized plenum can be
provided
Ideal for concealed look
Linear Enclosure
Circular Unit
Round Face
Mounted Free Standing in
Interior Space
Can be ducted from above
or below
360 Degree Air Pattern
1.5 to 62.5 ft2 face area
115-3100 CFM
Designed for large
capacities
Accessories
Bases
Expansion Collars
Circular Pattern
Round Face
Side wall application
180 Degree Air Pattern
4 to 31 ft2 free area
85 - 1550 CFM
Top or rear ducted option,
round or rectangular inlets
available
Accessories
Duct cover
Base
Round Face
Mounted In Corner
90 Degree Air Pattern
2 to 15.5 ft2 face area
40-775 CFM
Accessories
Duct Cover
Base
Specials
Sizes
Shapes
Face Types
Colors
Material
Bases
Match room features
Protect diffuser while
cleaning
Expansion Collar
Central Atrium
24 Hour Occupancy
CFD Modeling
Temperature Contour
Design Solutions
Low Turbulence
Low Velocity
Minimal Mixing
Lab Mockup
Lab Mockup
Displacement Benefits
Displacement Wall
Outlets Throughout
Sizes up to 36 x 72
220 Units
Results
No Draft Complaints
Results
Flexible System
Lower Fan HP
Conclusions
Questions?