Komposit (2sks)
Prof. Dr. Ir. Anne Zulfia MSc
Pengenalan
Komposit Secara
Umum
Metals
Cu-alloys
Ni-alloys
Ti-alloys
PE, PP, PC
PA (Nylon)
Alumina
Si-Carbide
Ceramics,
glasses
Soda-glass
Pyrex
GFRP
CFRP
Polymers,
elastomers
Composites
Polymer foams
Metal foams
Foams
Ceramic foams
Glass foams
Butyl rubber
Neoprene
KFRP
Plywood
Woods
Natural
materials
Natural fibres:
Hemp, Flax,
Cotton
Pengertian Komposit
Komposit merupakan kombinasi dari dua
material atau lebih yang memiliki fasa
yang berbeda menjadi suatu material baru
yang memiliki properti lebih baik dari
keduanya.
Jika kombinasi ini terjadi dalam skala
makroskopis maka disebut sebagai
komposit.
Jika kombinasi ini terjadi secara
mikoroskopis (molekular level) maka
disebut sebagai alloy atau paduan.
Fiber Reinforced
Composites
Particle Reinforced
Composites
High toughness
Examples of Composites
Natural
Wood
flexible cellulose fibers held together with
stiff lignin
Bone
strong protein collagen and hard, brittle
apatite
Artificial (man-made)
constituent phases are chemically
distinct
Definitions
Composites often have only two
phases
Matrix phase
continuous - surrounds other phase
Dispersed phase
discontinuous phase
Matrix (light)
Dispersed phase (dark)
Introduction
Engineering applications often require unusual
combinations of properties
esp. aerospace, underwater, and
transportation
cant be achieved with a single material
e.g. - aerospace requires strong, stiff, light,
and abrasion resistant material
most strong, stiff materials are dense
and heavy
most light materials are not abrasion
resistant
Solution is in composite materials
Examples of Composites
Natural
Wood
flexible cellulose fibers held together with
stiff lignin
Bone
strong protein collagen and hard, brittle
apatite
Artificial (man-made)
constituent phases are chemically
distinct
Properties of Composites
Dependent on:
constituent phases
relative amounts
geometry of dispersed phase
shape of particles
particle size
particle distribution
particle orientation
Composite Parameters
For a given matrix/dispersed
phase system:
Concentration
Size
Shape
Distribution
Orientation
Parameters
Distribution
Concentration
Shape
Orientation
Size
Classification of Artificial
Composites
Composites
Particulate
Fiber
Large
Dispersion
Particle Strengthened
Continuous
Structural
Laminates
Discontinuous
Aligned
Random
Sandwich
Panels
Particle-Reinforced
Composites
Divided into two classes
(based on strengthening mechanism)
Large particle
interaction between particles and matrix are
not on the atomic or molecular level
particle/matrix interface strength is critical
Dispersion strengthened
0.01-0.1 mm particles
inhibit dislocation motion
Large-Particle Composite
Materials
All three material types
metals, ceramics, and polymers
Dispersion Strengthened
Composites
Metals and metal alloys
hardened by uniform dispersion of fine particles of a
very hard material (usually ceramic)
Klasifikasi Komposit
Berdasarkan Bentuk dari Reinforcementnya
Komposit
Partikel
Fiber
Large
Dispersion
Particle Strengthened
Continuous
Struktural
Laminates
Discontinuous
Aligned
Random
Sandwich
Panels
Aligned
Random
Sifat-Sifatnya
Densitynya cukup rendah ( sekitar 2.55
g/cc)
Tensile strengthnya cukup tinggi (sekitar
1.8 GPa)
Biasanya stiffnessnya rendah (70GPa)
Stabilitas dimensinya baik
Resisten terhadap panas
Resisten terhadap dingin
Tahan korosi
Keuntungan :
Biaya murah
Tahan korosi
Biayanya relative lebih rendah dari komposit
lainnya
Kerugian
Kekuatannya relative rendah
Elongasi tinggi
Keuatan dan beratnya sedang
(moderate)
Carbon Fibers
Densitaskarbon cukup ringan yaitu sekitar 2.3
g/cc
Struktur grafit yang digunakan untuk membuat
fiber berbentuk seperti kristal intan.
Karakteristik komposit dengan serat karbon :
ringan;
kekuatan yang sangat tinggi;
kekakuan (modulus elastisitas) tinggi.
Orientasi Fiber
parallel to each other
totally random
some combination
(kg/m3)
Stiffness
E
(Gpa)
Tensile
Strength
(Mpa)
Specific
Stiffness
E/r
Specific
Strength
s/r
Mild Steel
7800
208
400
Aluminium
2700
70
200
0.97
1.44
Nylon
1100
2.5
80
0.09
1.42
Concrete
2400
40
20
0.63
0.16
1800
20
300
0.42
3.25
(Load // Fibres)
1600
200
1500
4.69
18.3
(Load
1600
50
0.07
0.61
Fiber Strength
Structurtal Composite
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.