4531/2
Fizik
Kertas 2 No. Kad Pengenalan : ……….......….......……… Angka Giliran : …......………
Sept.
2007
Nama : …………………….............……………. Tingkatan : ……….....………
2½ jam
PHYSICS
Paper 2
Two hours and thirty minutes
1. This question paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers for Section A in the spaces
provided in the question paper.
3. Answer one question from Section B and one question from Section C.
Write your answers for Section B and Section C on your own writing paper.
Answer questions in Section B and Section C in detail.
You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain
your answer.
4. Show your working, it may help you to get marks.
5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer that you have done. Then
write down the new answer.
6. The diagrams provided in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated.
7. A list of formulae is provided on page 3.
8. The marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets.
9. The time suggested to answer Section A is 90 minutes, Section B is 30 minutes and
Section C is 30 minutes.
10. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.
Section A
4
[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section
1 Diagram 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the motion of a runner who is running
along a straight line.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan graf jarak-masa bagi gerakan seorang pelari yang berlari dalam
satu garis lurus.
ss/ /mm
25
20
B C
15
10
5
A
0 t/s
5 10
DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM XX 1.1
1.1 / RAJAH
(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, what is the distance travelled by the runner after 10 s?
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, berapakah jarak yang dilalui oleh pelari itu selepas 10 s?
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) What physical quantity is given by the gradient of the graph in Diagram 1.1?
Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diberikan oleh kecerunan graf pada Rajah 1.1?
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Describe the motion of the runner,
Huraikan gerakan pelari itu,
……...……………………………………..……………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) from B to C / dari B ke C.
……...……………………………………..……………………………………..
[1 mark]
5
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the initial reading of a stopwatch at the beginning of an experiment.
The stopwatch was used to measure the time for 20 complete oscillations made by a
simple pendulum of length, l.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan bacaan awal jam randik pada awal suatu eksperimen. Jam
randik ini digunakan untuk mengukur masa 20 ayunan lengkap yang dilakukan oleh satu
bandul ringkas yang panjangnya, l.
Diagram 2.2 shows the reading of the stopwatch at the end of the experiment.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan bacaan jam randik itu pada akhir eksperimen.
……...……………………………………..……………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) What is the actual time taken for the pendulum to complete 20 oscillations?
Berapakah masa sebenar yang diambil oleh bandul itu untuk melengkapkan 20
ayunan?
……...……………………………………..……………………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Find the period of one complete oscillation, T, for this pendulum.
Tentukan tempoh satu ayunan lengkap, T, bagi bandul ini.
[1 mark]
6
(ii) The relationship between the length, l, and the period, T, of a simple
g 2
pendulum is given by the equation, l 2
T .
4
[2 marks]
Mirror
Cermin
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
(b) Name one characteristic of the image formed by the mirror.
Namakan satu ciri imej yang dibentuk oleh cermin itu.
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
7
[3 marks]
(d) What is the advantage of using this type of mirror in the shop?
Apakah kelebihan menggunakan cermin jenis ini di dalam kedai?
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
Bulb
R1 = 1500 Ω
IC
IB 6V
R2 V2 IE
…...………..……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
...........……………………………………………..……………………………..
[1 mark]
8
(ii) Calculate the minimum value of R2 when the transistor is switched on.
Hitungkan nilai minimum R2 apabila transistor itu dihidupkan.
[2 marks]
(c) The resistor R2 is then replaced with a light dependent resistor which has a high
resistance when it is dark.
Perintang R2 kemudian digantikan dengan perintang peka cahaya yang mempunyai
rintangan tinggi apabila keadaan sekitar gelap.
(i) Explain whether the bulb will light up during the day.
Jelaskan sama ada mentol itu menyala pada waktu siang.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(ii) Besides being used as a switch, state one other use of a transistor.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan transistor selain daripada sebagai satu suis.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
5 Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two eggs released from the same height and drop on
to Surface A and Surface B respectively.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua biji telur dilepaskan daripada ketinggian
sama dan jatuh ke atas permukaan A dan permukaan B masing-masing.
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) With reference to Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2;
Merujuk kepada Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2;
(i) Compare the force on the eggs that strike Surface A and Surface B.
Bandingkan daya pada telur yang menghentam Permukaan A dan Permukaan
B.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Compare the time of impact of the eggs on Surface A and Surface B.
Bandingkan masa hentaman telur itu pada Permukaan A dan Permukaan B.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the change in momentum of the eggs in both situations.
Bandingkan perubahan momentum pada telur dalam kedua-dua situasi.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(iv) State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the time of
impact.
Nyatakan hubungan antara daya yang dihasilkan dalam suatu perlanggaran
dengan masa hentaman.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(c) Diagram 5.3 shows a pile hammer used in driving a pile into the ground at a construction
site.
DIAGRAM 5.3
10
Explain how a large force is produced by the pile hammer in driving the pile into the
ground.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
6 Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show that a current is induced in a solenoid when there is
relative motion between the solenoid and the bar magnet.
Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan arus diaruhkan dalam sebuah solenoid apabila
terdapat gerakan relatif antara solenoid dan magnet bar itu.
X Y
N N
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
(b) Based on the direction of the current in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2;
Berdasarkan arah arus dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2;
(i) Label the polarity at the end of each solenoid in box X and box Y.
Label kekutuban di hujung setiap solenoid dalam petak X dan petak Y.
[2 marks]
(ii) Label the direction of motion of the bar magnet in Diagam 6.1 and Diagram 6.2
Label arah gerakan setiap magnet bar dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2.
[2 marks]
(c) (i) Based on the answers in 6(b)(i) and 6(b)(ii), state the effect of the polarity at
the end of the solenoid on the motion of the bar magnet.
Berdasarkan jawapan di 6(b)(i) dan 6(b)(ii), nyatakan kesan kekutuban pada
hujung solenoid ke atas gerakan magnet bar.
11
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the law that applies to (c)(i).
Namakan hukum yang digunakan di (c)(i).
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(d) Suggest one method to increase the induced current in the solenoid.
Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk menambahkan arus aruhan dalam solenoid.
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
7 Diagram 7.1 shows two cups of coffee of equal mass being cooled by adding a few pieces
of ice cubes.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua cawan kopi berjisim sama disejukkan dengan menambah
beberapa ketulan ais.
Ice / Ais Ice / Ais
Initially, each cup contains 0.5 kg of coffee at 75.5 oC. It is observed that both cups of
coffee reach a final temperature of 25 oC at the same time.
Pada awalnya, setiap cawan mengandungi 0.5 kg kopi pada 75.5 oC. Diperhatikan
bahawa kedua-dua cawan kopi mencapai suhu akhir 25 oC pada masa sama.
(a) The melting of ice involves the absorption of latent heat of fusion.
What is meant by specific latent heat of fusion?
Peleburan ais melibatkan penyerapan haba pendam pelakuran.
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan haba pendam tentu pelakuran?
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
12
[1 mark]
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the heat released when the coffee is cooled down to 25 oC.
[Specific heat capacity of coffee = 4500 J kg–1 oC–1]
Hitungkan haba yang dibebaskan apabila kopi itu disejukkan ke 25 oC.
[Muatan haba tentu kopi = 4500 J kg–1 oC–1 ]
[2 marks]
(d) (i) Calculate the mass of ice needed to cool the coffee in cup A to 25 oC.
Hitungkan jisim ais yang perlu untuk menyejukkan kopi dalam cawan A ke
25 oC.
[3 marks]
(ii) State one assumption which you made in your calculation in (d)(i).
Nyatakan satu anggapan yang anda buat dalam penghitungan anda di (d)(i).
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
8 Diagram 8.1 shows the positions of two policemen A and B standing behind the two tall
buildings. The policemen are holding a walkie-talkie each. The two buildings are 4 m
apart.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan kedudukan dua orang polis A dan B berdiri di belakang dua
bangunan tinggi. Kedua-dua orang polis itu masing-masing memegang sebuah ‘walkie-
talkie’. Kedua-dua bangunan itu dipisahkan sejauh 4 m.
Policeman A / Polis A
4m
Policeman B / Polis B
(b) (i) Name the wave phenomenon which enables the policemen to communicate
with each other.
Namakan fenomena gelombang yang membolehkan kedua-dua orang polis itu
menghubungi satu sama lain.
14
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
(ii) Name two factors that affect the effectiveness of the above phenomenon.
Nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi keberkesanan fenomena di atas.
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
.....................……………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
Table 8.1 shows a few radio frequencies suggested by the policemen.
Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan beberapa radio frekuensi yang dicadangkan oleh polis itu.
Suggested frequencies
(Frekuensi yang dicadangkan)
50 MHz
500 MHz
5 GHz
(c) Calculate the wavelengths of each of the radio waves suggested by assuming the
speed of radio waves in air is 3.0 x 108 m s–1.
Hitungkan panjang gelombang setiap gelombang radio yang dicadangkan dengan
menganggap bahawa laju gelombang radio di udara ialah 3.0 x 108 m s–1.
[4 marks]
(d) Based on your answer in (c), which is the most suitable radio frequency to be used by
the policemen. Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di (c), frekuensi radio yang manakah paling sesuai
digunakan oleh polis itu. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
15
(e) Name one type of electromagnetic wave which is suitable for satellite
communication. Give a reason for your answer.
Namakan satu jenis gelombang elektromagnet yang sesuai digunakan untuk
perhubungan satelit. Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
.........……………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question.
9 Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how water spurts out from its container when the
valve is opened.
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan bagaimana air memancut keluar daripada
bekasnya apabila injap dibuka.
Water level
Aras air
Water level
Aras air
Hubungkaitkan jarak dilalui oleh air yang memancut keluar dengan kedalaman air.
Seterusnya, buat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara tekanan dengan
kedalaman air.
[5 marks]
(ii) Explain how this change affects the upward motion of the bubble.
Jelaskan bagaimana perubahan ini mempengaruhi gerakan gelembung itu
ke atas.
[2 marks]
(d) Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the side view of two different models of a dam
made from bricks and concrete.
Rajah 9.3 dan Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan pandangan tepi two model empangan yang
berlainan yang dibuat daripada bata dan konkrit.
Dam / Dam /
Empangan Empangan
(iii) Explain the modifications that need to be made to the dam to enable it to store
more water safely.
Terangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan kepada empangan supaya
membolehkannya menyimpan lebih banyak air dengan selamatnya.
17
[6 marks]
10 Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the activities of two radioactive sources A and B.
Rajah 10.1 dan 10.2 menunjukkan aktiviti dua sumber radioaktif A dan B.
1200 800
900 600
600 400
300 200
0 0
5 10 15 20 Time / h 100 200 300 400 Time / s
Radioactive source A Radioactive source B
Sumber radioaktif A Sumber radioaktif B
(ii) Compare the times taken in (b)(i) for the activities of radioactive source A and
radioactive source B to become half of its initial value.
Bandingkan masa-masa yang diambil di (b)(i) bagi aktiviti sumber radioaktif A
dan sumber radioaktif B menjadi separuh nilai asalnya.
[1 mark]
(iii) State one common characteristic of the times taken in (b)(i) for the activities of
radioactive source A and radioactive source B to become half of its initial
value.
18
Nyatakan satu ciri sepunya bagi masa-masa yang diambil di (b)(i) untuk
aktiviti sumber radioaktif A dan sumber radioaktif B menjadi separuh nilai
asalnya.
[1 mark]
(iv) Give a name for the time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to
become half of its initial value.
Berikan nama bagi masa yang diambil untuk aktiviti suatu sumber radioaktif
menjadi separuh nilai asalnya.
[1 mark]
(c) What is nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? Explain how these two nuclear reactions
are able to release energy?
Apakah itu pembelahan nukleus dan pelakuran nukleus? Terangkan bagaimana
kedua-dua tindakbalas nuklear ini boleh membebaskan tenaga.
[4 marks]
(d) Diagram 10.3 shows an underground water pipe which has a leak.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan suatu paip bawah tanah yang bocor.
1m
(i) Explain how a radioactive substance can be used to detect the location of the
leakage.
Terangkan bagaimana suatu bahan radioaktif boleh digunakan untuk
mengesan kedudukan kebocoran itu.
[4 marks]
(ii) Radioactive substances are hazardous and must be used with care. In using a
radioactive substance to detect the leakage, suggest how the substance should
be chosen by considering the following aspects:
- the half-life of the substance,
- the types of radiation emitted by the substance,
- the type of detector to be used.
Bahan-bahan radioaktif adalah merbahaya dan mesti digunakan dengan
cermat. Apabila menggunakan bahan radioaktif untuk mengesan kebocoran,
cadangkan bagaimana bahan itu dipilih dengan mempertimgangkan aspek
yang berikut:
- separuh hayat bahan,
- jeni-jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh bahan,
- jenis alat pengesan yang digunakan.
19
[6 marks]
Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question
11 (a) Table 11.1 shows 5 materials which can be used to make an optical fibre.
Jadual 11.1 menunjukkan 5 jenis bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk membina
serabut optik.
(i) Write an equation for finding the refractive index of a material in term of
velocity of light?
Tuliskan satu persamaan untuk menentukan index biasan satu bahan dalam
sebutan halaju cahaya.
[1 mark]
(ii) With the help of a diagram, explain the working principle of an optical fibre.
Dengan bantuan gambar rajah, jelaskan prinsip kerja satu serabut optik.
[4 marks]
(iii) You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the materials in Table 11.1
which could be used to make the optical fibre.
Explain the suitability of each characteristic and hence, determine the most
suitable material to be used to make the optical fibre.
Give a reason for your choice.
20
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bahan dalam Jadual 11.1 untuk
digunakan bagi membuat satu serabut optik.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dan seterusnya tentukan bahan yang paling
sesuai untuk membuat serabut optik itu.
Berikan satu sebab untuk pilihan anda.
[10 marks]
(b) Diagram 11.1 shows a coin at the bottom of a tall empty cup.
Diagram 11.2 shows the coin at the bottom of the cup when the cup is filled with
water.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu duit syiling di dasar sebuah cawan kosong yang tinggi.
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan duit syiling itu di dasar cawan apabila cawan itu diisi
dengan air.
Water
(i) Compare the size of the coin in Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2, as seen by an
observer above the cup.
State the phenomenon that caused the difference in size of the coin in seen in
Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2.
Bandingkan saiz duit syiling di Rajah 11.1 dan Rajah 11.2 sebagaimana dilihat
oleh seorang pemerhati di atas cawan itu.
Nyatakan fenomena yang menyebabkan perbezaan saiz duit syiling yang dilihat
di Rajah 11.1 dan Rajah 11.2
[2 marks]
(ii) The depth of water in Diagram 11.2 is 16 cm. Calculate the apparent depth of
the coin when viewed directly from above by the observer.
Kedalaman air di Rajah 11.2 ialah 16 cm. Hitungkan dalam ketara duit syiling
itu apabila dilihat oleh pemerhati yang berada tegak di atas cawan itu.
4
[Refractive index of water / indeks biasan air = ]
3
[2 marks]
(c) Suggest one method that will make the coin appear nearer to the observer than in (b)
(i).
21
Cadangkan satu kaedah yang akan menjadikan siling itu kelihatan lebih dekat
dengan pemerhati berbanding dengan di (b)(i).
[1 mark]
12 (a) (i) Draw a diagram to show how 3 resistors can be connected in series.
Lukis satu gambar rajah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana 3 perintang
disambungkan secara bersiri.
[1 mark]
(b) A student plans to fix a lamp in his room. Table 12.1 shows the features of 4 different
types of lamps.
Seorang pelajar bercadang untuk memasang sebuah lampu di dalam biliknya. Jadual
12.1 menunjukkan sifat-sifat 4 jenis lampu yang berlainan.
Explain the suitability of each feature in Table 12.1 and then determine the most
suitable lamp to be used. Give a reason for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap sifat dalam Jadual 12.1 dan tentukan lampu yang
paling sesuai digunakan. Berikan satu sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[10 marks]
Calculate / Hitungkan
(i) the effective resistance, / rintangan berkesan,
(ii) the current in the 5 W resistor, / arus melalui perintang 5 W,
(iii) power dissipated by the 10 W resistor. / kuasa terlesap oleh perintang 10 W.
[5 marks]