Problem:

The river stage shown in the figure has an average slope of 0.001. For the main channel
n=0.030 and for the flood plain n=0.040. Area of abcm is 300 cm3, area of mode is 90 m2,
wetted perimeter abc is 60 m. and cde is 100 m.
1. Compute the discharge when the flow on the flood plain is 0.86 m.
a. 382.55 m3/s

c. 610.49 m3/s

b.456.46 m3/s

d. 156.47 m3/s

2. Compute the false discharge obtained by applying the same formula directly to the entire
cross section using the equivalent value of n.
a. 382.55 m3/s

c. 610.49 m3/s

b.456.46 m3/s

d. 156.47 m3/s

3. Compute the percentage of error using the false discharge computation.

a. 24.37%

c. 36.57%

b.26.92%

d. 37.34

Solution:

A 1=300 m

1. Discharge of the section:

P1=60 m

R 1=

A1
P1

R 1=

300
60

2
3

Q 2=

1
2

A2 R2 S
n2

90(0.90) 3 (0.001) 2
Q 2=
0.040

R1=5 0
Q2=66.32

A 2=90 m

m3
s

Q=Q 1 +Q 2

P2=100 m

Q=316.23+66.32

A
R 2= 2
P2

R 2=

m
Q=383.55
s

90
100

3. False discharge:

R2=0.9 0

Equivalent n:
2
3

Q 1=

A 1 R1 S
n1
5

1
2

P n + P2 n 2
n= 1 1
P1 + P2

]
2

60(0.030) +100 (0.040)

n=
60+100
1

2
(0.001) 2
3
300
Q1=

n=0.0366
A=300+ 90
3

Q1=316.23

m
s

A=390 m 2

P=60+100

2
3

Q=

390(2.4375) (0.001)
0.0366

1
2

P=160

Q=610.49 m 3 /s
R=

R=

A
P

3. Percentage error:

390
160

of error =

R=2.4375
2

( 610.49382.55 )
x 100
610.49

of error =37.34
1

A R3 S2
Q=
n

Problem:

The compound cross section shown has Mannings n values of 0.025 for the main channel and
0.070 for the overbank areas. The uniform channel slope is 0.004. The flood flow is 752.6 m3/s.
1. Determine the depth in the main channel.
a. 4 m

c. 5 m

b.6 m

d. 3 m

2. Determine the flow rate in the main channel.

a. 534.48 m3/s

c. 387.38 m3/s

b.698.97 m3/s

d. 792.45 m3/s

3. Determine the flow rate on the right overbank area.

a. 0

c. 2.5 m3/s

b.1 m3/s

d. 3 m3/s

Solution:
1. Depth in main channel:

A 2=

( x+ x+3 )
x +3
x +3
( 0.75 ) + 30+
+30 (
)
2
4
2

A 2=

( 2 x +3 )( 0.75)
(x +3)
x+3
+ 30+
+ 30 (
)
2
4
2

A 1=60 x
P1=60+ x

R 1=

A1
P1

A 2=( 2 x+ 3 ) ( 0.375 )+

(240+ x+ 3) ( x+3)
4
2

R 1=

60 x
60+ x

A 2=( 2 x+ 3 ) ( 0.375 )+

( 243+ x ) (x +3)
8

A 1 R1 3 S 2
Q 1=
n1
60 x
60+ x

P2=3.09+30+ ( x+3)2 +

17 ( x+ 3)2
P2=33.09+
16
1

2
(0.004 )2
3
60 x
Q1=

P2=33.09+1.031 ( x+3 )
P2=36.183+1.031 x

( x +3)2
16

R 2=

A2
P2

A 1=60 x
A 1=60

Try x =1.0
P1=60+1
A 2=( 2 x+ 3 ) ( 0.375 )+

A 2=5 ( 0.375 ) +

( 243+ x ) (x +3)
8

( 244 )( 4)
8

P1=61

R 1=

A 2=123.875

60
61

R1=0.9836

P2=36.183+1.031(1)

P2=37.214

R 2=

0.9836

1
2
(0.004 )2
3
60
Q1=

123.875
37.214

R2=3.329
2

A R 3 S2
Q 1= 1 1
n1

A R 3 S2
Q 2= 2 2
n2

Q1=53.62
2

123.875(3.329)3 (0.004) 2
Q 2=
0.025

m
s

Q=Q 1 +Q 2
Q=689.97+ 53.62

Q2=689.97 m3 /s

Q=752.59

m
s

2. Flow rate in main canal:

Q2=689.97 m3 /s
Depth of main canal=3+1
3. Flow rate in the right overbank area:

Depth of main canal=4 m

Problem:

Q3=0

A river with the cross section shown experienced a 1438 m3/s flood and produced the depth
shown. The channel has a uniform slope of 0.0040.
1. Determine the Mannings value of n for the main channel and overbank areas assuming they
are equal.
a. 0.050

c. 0.042

b.0.026

d. 0.025

2. If Mannings n is known to be 0.060 in the main channel, determine value of n for the
overbank areas.
a. 0.050

c. 0.042

b.0.026

d. 0.025

3. What is the flow rate in the main channel if n=0.060

a. 2355.39 m3/s

c. 4672.21 m3/s

b.1146.50 m3/s

d. 6316.90 m3/s

Solution:

1. Manning value of n:

A 1=60 ( 1.5 )

R 3=

A3 90
=
P 3 61.5

A 1=90
R3=1.463
P1=1.5+60
Q=Q1 +Q2 +Q3
P1=61.5
2
3

A
90
R 1= 1 =
P1 61.5
R1=1.463
A 2=60 ( 3 )
A 2=180
P2=1.5(2)+60
P2=63

R 2=

A 2 180
=
P2 63

R2=2.857

1
2

90(1.463) (0.004) 180(2.857) (0.0004) 90 (1

+
+
n
n

1438=

7.3365 22.93 7.3365

+
+
n
n
n

37.60
=1438
n
n=0.026
2. Mannings n for overbank areas if
n=0.020 for the main canal:

Q=Q1 +Q2 +Q3

1438=

7.3365 22.93 7.3365

+
+
n
0.020
n

291.5=

14.673
n

n=0.050

A 3=90
3. Flow rate in main canal:

P3=61.5

2
3

1438=

A 3=60 ( 1.5 )

P3=1.5+60

1
2

A R 3 S2
Q 2= 2 2
n2

2
3

180(2.857) (0.004)
Q 2=
0.020

1
2

Q 2=

22.93
0.020

Q2=1146.5 m 3 /s

Problem:

From the given cross section of a canal shown, the channel slope is 0.0010. side slope is 1:1
1. Compute the total cross sectional area.
a. 547.70 m2/s

c. 464.80 m2/s

b.456.85 m2/s

d. 690.57 m2/s

2. Compute the total wetted perimeter.

a. 153.04 m.

c. 135.67 m.

b.234.90 m.

d. 346.79 m.

3. Compute the total discharge of the canal.

a. 647.92 m3/s

c. 1036.56 m3/s

b.945.10 m3/s

d. 927.18 m3/s

P1=10.52+12+7.07

Solution:
1. Total cross sectional area:

P1=29.59 m.
7.438 ( 7.438 )
5 (5) (122.438+ 120 )
A=
+17 ( 7.438 )
+
(2.438)
2
2
2
7.438(7.438)
5( 5)
A 1=
+17 ( 7.438 )
2
2
A=464.80 m2

2. Total wetted perimeter:

a2= (7.438 )2+ ( 7.438 )2

A 1=141.61 m2

R 1=

A1
P1

R 1=

141.61
29.59

A=10.52
2

b = ( 5 ) + (5 )

R1=4.79

b=7.07
2

c =( 2.438 ) + ( 2.438 )

2
3

Q 1=
c=3.45

p=10.52+12+7.07+120+3.45
p=153.04 m .
3. Total discharge:

A 1 R1 S
n1

1
2

4.79

R2=2.39
1

2
(0.0010) 2
3
141.61
Q 1=

2.39

Q1=508.96

A 2 R 23 S 2
Q 2=
n2

m
s

A 2=2.438 (120)+
A 2=295.53 m2

2.438(2.438)
2

2
(0.0010) 2
3
295.53
Q 2=

Q2=418.22

m3
s

P2=120+3.45
QTotal =Q1+ Q 2
P2=123.45 m.
A
R 2= 2
P2

QTotal =508.96+ 418.22

3

R 2=

295.53
123.45

Problem:

QTotal =927.18

m
s

In the figure shown A1 = 100 m x 2 m, A2 = 30 m x 10 m, A3 = 200 m x 3 m. Slope of the channel

is 0.0018. n1 = 0.03, n2 = 0.020, n3 = 0.03.
1. Compute the wetted perimeter of the cross section.
a. 250 m.

c. 400 m.

b.200 m.

d. 150 m.

2. Compute the flow rate of the channel.

a. 2355.39 m3/s

c. 4672.21 m3/s

b.1146.50 m3/s

d. 4449.42 m3/s

3. Determine the type of flow.

a. super critical flow

c. subcritical flow

b.critical flow

d. none of the above

Solution:

1. Wetted perimeter:

P=2+100+ 8+30+7+200+3

R 2=

A2
P2

R 2=

300
45

P=350 m .
2. Flow rate of channel:

P1=2+100=102

R2=6.67

A 1=2 ( 100 )=200

R 1=

A1
P1

R 1=

200
102

6.67

R1=1.96
2
3

Q 1=

A 2 R 23 S 2
Q 2=
n2

A 1 R1 S
n1

1.96

1
2

m3
Q2=2256.42
s
1

P3=3+200=203

2
(0.0018) 2
3
200
Q 1=

Q1=443.08

2
(0.0018) 2
3
300
Q 2=

m
s

A 3=3 ( 300 ) =600

P2=8+30+ 7=45
A 2=30 ( 10 ) =300

R 3=

A3
P3

R 3=

600
203

R3=2.96

2
3

A3 R3 S
Q 3=
n3
2.96

3
2

A=100 ( 2 ) +30 ( 10 ) +200 ( 3 )

A=1100 m2
B=100+30+200

2
(0.0018) 2
3
600
Q 3=

B=330
Q= AV

4449.42=1100 V
3

Q3=1749.92

m
s

V =4.04

Q=Q1 +Q2 +Q3

F=
Q=443.08+2256.42+ 1749.92

Q=4449.42m3 /s
3. Type of flow:
Froude No:

F=

gA
B

m
s
=

gA
B

4.04
9.81(1100)
330

F=0.71<1
The flow is sub critical
F>1 super critical flow
F=1 critical flow
F<1 sub critical flow

Problem:

A river cross section can be approximated by two rectangles as shown in the figure. The
roughness coefficient for the smaller rectangle is n = 0.03 while that of the bigger rectangle is
n=0.02. If the slope of the energy grade line is 0.0005.
1. Compute the discharged of the river by treating it as two rectangular sections.
a. 693.80 m3

b.385.46 m3

c. 539.48 m3

d. 843.50 m3

2. Compute the equivalent roughness coefficient for the composite section.

a. 0.028

c. 0.047

b.0.056

d. 0.082

3. Compute the false discharge of the composite section.

a. 800.10 m3/s
c. 610.25 m3/s
b.490.99 m3/s

d. 420.68 m3/s

Solution:
1. Discharge of two rectangular sections:

A 1=1 ( 150 )

0.993

2
(0.0005) 2
3
150
Q 1=

A 1=150 m2
P1=1+150
P1=151 m.
R 1=

Q1=111.28

150
151

R1=0.993

A 2=5 ( 50 )
2
3

Q 1=

m3
s

A 1 R1 S
n1

1
2

A 2=250 m

P2=4+50+ 4
P2=59 m.

R 2=

250
59

P1 n1 + P2 n 2
P1 + P2

151( 0.030) +59(0.020)

151+59

n=

R2=4.237
2
3

A2 R2 S
Q 2=
n2

1
2

n=

n=0.028

4.237

3. False discharge of composite section:

2
(0.0005) 2
3
250
Q 2=

A=1 ( 150 ) +5 ( 50 )
A=150+ 250

A=400 m

m3
Q2=732.22
s

P=1+150+ 4+50+5

Q=Q 1 +Q2

R=

Q=111.28+732.22

P=210 m .

400
210

R=1.905
2

Q=843.50

m
s

2
3

Q=
2. Energy coefficient for the composite
section:

A R3 S2
Q=
n

400( 1.905) (0.0005)

0.028
3

Q=490.99 m / s

1
2