OBSTRUCTIVE CAUSES

Obesity

Ascites

Pregnancy

OBSTRUCTIVE CAUSES

Continuous
peristalsis/pressure
Congenital
abnormality

Constipation

Excertion of pressure

Penetrating
wound or
previous surgery

Abnormally
weak
muscle tone

Upward movement of pressure

Scar formation

Decrease
vascularity

Reaches the diaphragmatic opening

Women

More
adipose
tissues

Decrease muscle
tone

Decrease
blood
circulation

Compromises the integrity of

the diaphragmatic opening
Pressure overcomes muscle strength

Decrease
muscle tone
Lower portion of the
esophagus slips
through

Greater curvature of
the stomach slips
through

Upper portion of the

stomach follows

ROLLING HIATAL
HERNIA

SLIDING HIATAL
HERNIA
MIXED HIATAL
HERNIA

Stricture

Pressure vs. esophageal sphincter

Injury

Backflow of gastric materials to the esophagus

Peristalsis
Scar

Gastric acid irritates the esophageal lining

Pain

Decrese functionng

Dysphagia

Decrease digestion

Anemia

Chest pain

Malnutrition

Possible
shock

Heartburn

Bleeding

Obstruction

Decrease flexibility

Decrease
diaphragmatic
expansion

Decrease capacity

Decrease
respiratory effort
Respiratory
complications

Less
activity

Malnutrition

Chronic
regurgitation