Expert Information and

Advising system
Research proposal

Ali Ghalehban Zanjanab

2013

Knowledge Management

Expert Information & Advising system

Ali Ghalehban Zanjanab

Research proposal for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Information Technology
Knowledge Management Course
at Assumption university of Thailand
2013

1.

RESEARCH TOPIC

Expert systems, artificial intelligence and other informatics systems which now days
are using for advising always have limitations on the decision making and giving
strict advise, The main cause of this issue could return to the principles and methods
that this systems use to operate. In computer operation with binary values, Boolean
logic can be used to describe electromagnetically charged memory locations or
circuit states that are either charged (1 or true) or not charged (0 or false). The
computer can use an AND gate or an OR gate operation to obtain a result that can
be used for further processing. this is a simple machine decision making but this
method have limit and if use it to compare or making decision between issues we
wont get good result in this research, researcher is going to explain what other
methods can be used to process information and get best advising from machine .in
this case Researcher decide to solve this problem and develop a system which can
give best advising based on organization information base.

2.

BACKGROUND

Many organizations today are faced with a multitude of information and knowledge,
but while there is often a large amount of information and knowledge in
organization, given that many of these organizations do not have proper information
system they are Unable to obtain the desired result from information .Then
researcher decide to develop a system to give most strict advise based on each
organization information base.
3.

RESEARCH AREA

This research will focus expert advising system which will work as an expert
information and advising system in each organization to give most strict advises to
improve and develop organization in different fields.
4.

RATIONALE

Currently there are some similar systems which are working in this area to help
organizations and advise them based on each organization information base, but this
system will need to part to get final result , first part is about gathering data,
Information & knowledge and process them knowledge until system can make
decision based on this processed information .
Currently Data, information, Knowledge gathering and processing methods
Collective Intelligence: is shared or group intelligence that emerges from the
collaboration, collective efforts, and competition of many individuals and appears in

consensus decision making. The term appears in sociobiology, political science and
in context of mass peer review and crowdsourcing applications. It may involve
consensus, social capital and formalisms such as voting systems, social media and
other means of quantifying mass activity. Collective IQ is a measure of collective
intelligence, although it is often used interchangeably with the term collective
intelligence.
- Civic Intelligence: is an "intelligence" that is devoted to addressing public or civic
issues. The term has been applied to individuals and, more commonly, to collective
bodies, like organizations, institutions, or societies.
- Collaborative intelligence: is a term used in several disciplines, and has several
different meanings. In a business setting, it can describe the result of accessing a
network of people. It is also used to denote non-anonymous heterogeneity in multiagent problem-solving systems.
- Collective memory: refers to the shared pool of information held in the memories
of two or more members of a group.
- Crowd sourcing: is the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by
soliciting contributions from a large group of people, and especially from an online
community, rather than from traditional employees or suppliers.
- Swarm intelligence: is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized
systems, natural or artificial.

- Group decision making: is a situation faced when individuals collectively make

a choice from the alternatives before them. This decision is no longer attributable to
any single individual who is a member of the group. This is because all the
individuals and social group processes such as social influence contribute to the
outcome. The decisions made by groups are often different from those made by
individuals
- Judge adviser system: is a type of advice structure often studied in advice taking
research, a subset of decision-making in the social sciences. The two roles in a JAS
are the judge and advisor roles. The judge is the decision maker who evaluates
information concerning a particular decision and makes the final judgment on the
decision outcome.
- Connectivity (Graph Theory): is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it
asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) which need to be
removed to disconnect the remaining nodes from each other .It is closely related to
the theory of network flow problems. The connectivity of a graph is an important
measure of its robustness as a network.
- Recommender system: is a subclass of information filtering system that seek to
predict the 'rating' or 'preference' that user would give to an item. Recommender
systems have become extremely common in recent years, and are applied in a variety
of applications

- Group polarization: refers to the tendency for groups to make decisions that are
more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These more extreme
decisions are towards greater risk if individuals' initial tendencies are to be risky and
towards greater caution if individuals' initial tendencies are to be cautious.
5.

PROGRESS

Above mentioned methods are current ways which organizations used to gathering
knowledge and advising system, but as researcher mentioned Many organizations
today are faced with a multitude of information and knowledge, but while there is
often a large amount of information and knowledge in organization, given that many
of these organizations do not have proper information system they are Unable to
obtain the desired result from information .Then researcher decide to develop a
system to give most strict advise based on each organization information base , then
for solve this limit and get best result and strict advise from system below methods
are proposed to use to get best result .
- Fuzzy Logic: is a form of many-valued logic; it deals with reasoning that is
approximate rather than fixed and exact. Compared to traditional binary sets (where
variables may take on true or false values) fuzzy logic variables may have a truth
value that ranges in degree between 0 and 1. Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle
the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely
true and completely false.

- Adaptive neuron fuzzy inference system (ANFIS): is a kind of neural network

that is based on Takagi Sugeno fuzzy inference system. Since it integrates both
neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, it has potential to capture the benefits of
both in a single framework. Its inference system corresponds to a set of fuzzy IF
THEN rules that have learning capability to approximate nonlinear functions. Hence,
ANFIS is considered to be a universal estimator.
- Artificial neural networks: Are computational models inspired by animal central
nervous systems (in particular the brain) that are capable of machine learning and
pattern recognition. They are usually presented as systems of interconnected
"neurons" that can compute values from inputs by feeding information through the
network.
- Expert system: is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of
a human expert .expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by
reasoning about knowledge, represented primarily as IF-THEN rules rather than
through conventional procedural code.