EE 3183-Laboratory Practice V

STABILITY OF A DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

Semester 5

Instructed by: Miss.

Group Members:
H.N.T.Wijesekara
L.S.Wijesinghe
W.M.K.M.Wijesooriya
D.T.P.Wijesooriya
V.Y.Wong

120716U
120720C
120724R
120726B
120737J

Date of Perform

: 28/08/2015

Date of Submission

: 11/09/2015

Name
Index No.
Group
Field

: H. N. T. Wijesekara
: 120716 U
: G-22
: Electrical Engineering

Spill current Vs. Pilot wire resistance

Resistance (RP)
()

Spill Current from A3 (IR)

(mA)

13

22

33

37

45

49

10

53

Spill current Vs Pilot wire resistance

60

55

50

45

40

Spill current (mA)

35

30

25

20

15

10
3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

Pilot wire resistance ()

9.5

10.5

RS Vs. RP
Resistance (RP)
()

Resistance (RS)
()

0.7

37.8

66.8

79.6

104.1

10

118.3

Rs Vs Rp
120

110

100

90

80

70

Stabilizing Resistance Rs()

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
4

Pilot wire resistance Rp ()

10

11

Primary current with Pilot wire resistance

Resistance (RP)
()

Primary Current A1 (I)

(A)

4.9

4.0

3.5

2.9

2.6

10

2.4

Primary current Vs Pilot wire resistance

5

4.5

Primary Current (A)

3.5

2.5

2
4

Pilot wire resistance ()

10

11

Discussion
1. Applications of differential relay
Most differential relay applications are of the Current differential type. The simplest example of
such an arrangement is shown in fig 1. The dashed portion if the circuit if fig 1 represents the
system element that is protected by the differential relay. This system element might be a length of
circuit, a winding of a generator, a portion of a bus, etc.

Fig
1
The generator protection:
The currents at the two end of each phase of the stator winding are compared through CTs
which are as nearly as identical. The secondary current should be balanced during the normal
load and external faults so that the relay receives no spill current unless there is not a fault in the
stator winding. The secondary current is which is going to be controlled. So, if there is a fault
then the relay will operate not to exceed the required secondary current more than rated.
Protecting the winding of the transformer against the earth fault:
This method is called restricted earth protection. This avoids the magnetizing of inrush currents
and each side of the transformer is protected separately. If there is an earth fault on each side of
the transformer then the relays will operate and protect the each side of the transformer.
Overall protection of a transformer:
The C.T secondary terminals are connected in the opposite manner of the two side of the
transformer as Y- delta to compensate for Delta Y transposition. In addition to that the means are
required to prevent the magnetizing inrush currents from operating the relay when the
transformer is energized from one side.

2. Biasing of relay

In the differential relays theoretically the all the conditions and the characteristics are
identical. But, in practical this is difference due to the inequality of the two CTs. This
difference leads the relay to flow of spill current even if there is no fault. If the spill current
exceeds the set value then the relay may result an undesirable operation. To prevent this, in
practice the biasing of relay is required.
To make the differential relay more stable to external faults and improve relay quality, its
respectively to operation was increased by inserting restraining coils. Two restraining
(biasing) coils and one operating are used as shown in figure 4. Restraining coils will
opposite the operation of operating coil. The relay will operate only when the operating force
is higher than restraining force.