Journal of Proceedings of the

Proc. Jangjeon Math. Soc., 12 (1), (2009), pp. 31-38.

ON FUZZY SEMI α - SEPARATION

TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Hakeem A. Othman? and S. Latha??

Abstract

This paper is devoted to introduce and investigate all types of fuzzy

semi α- separation topological spaces. Properties and relationship of fuzzy
semi α - separation topological spaces are investigated.

Keywords: fuzzy semi α-open set; fuzzy semi α-continuous mapping; fuzzy
semi α− separation topological spaces; fuzzy semi α- regular space; fuzzy semi
α- normal space.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54A40.

1 Introduction
In [3], Hakeem has introduced the concept of fuzzy semi α − open
sets. Several notions based on fuzzy semi α-open(closed) sets and fuzzy semi
α- continuous mapping have been studied. Moreover, the study also included
the relationship between those concepts and other weaker forms of fuzzy open
sets and fuzzy continuous mappings. In this paper, we introduce and study the
several properties of semi α− separation topological spaces in fuzzy setting.

2 Preliminaries
Throughout this paper by (X, τ ) or simply by X we mean a fuzzy
topological space ( f ts, shorty)and f : X → Y means a mapping from a fuzzy

31
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topological space X to a fuzzy topological space Y . If A is a fuzzy set and p is

a fuzzy singleton in X then N (p), IntA, clA, Ac will denote respectively, the
neighborhood system of p, the interior of A, the clousure of A and complement
of A.

Now we recall some of the basic definitions in fuzzy topology.

Definition 2.1 [4] Let f : X → Y be a mapping from a set X to another set

Y.
(i) If λ is a fuzzy set of X, then f (λ) is a fuzzy set of Y defined as:
(
sup λ(x)x∈f −1 (y) if f −1 (y) 6= φ,
[f (λ)](y) =
0 otherwise for each y ∈ Y .

.
(ii) If µ is fuzzy set of Y , then f −1 (µ) is a fuzzy set of X defined as :
[f −1 (µ)](x)= µ(f (x)), for each x ∈ X

Definition 2.2 [1] Let X be a non empty set and τ be a family of fuzzy sets of
X.Then τ is called a fuzzy topology on Xif it satisfies the following conditions:
(i) 0x and 1x belong to τ .
(ii) any union of members of τ is in τ .
(iii) a finite intersection of members of τ is in τ .

Definition 2.3 [2] A fuzzy singleton p in X is a fuzzy set defined by:

p(x) = t, for x = x0 and p(x) = 0 otherwise, where 0 < t ≤ 1. The point p is
said to have support x0 and value t.

Definition 2.4 [3] A subset A of a fuzzy topological space X is called ” fuzzy

semi α−open set” if there exists a fuzzy α−open set U in X such that U ≤ A ≤
clU . The family of all fuzzy semi α−open sets of X is denoted by F SαO(X).

Definition 2.5 [3] The complement of a fuzzy semi α−open set is called ” fuzzy
semi α−closed set” the family of all fuzzy semi α−closed sets of X is denoted by
F SαC(X).
 33

Theorem 2.6 [3] Let X and Y be f ts0 s that X is product related to Y. Then the
product λ × µ of a fuzzy semi α−open set λ in X and a fuzzy semi α−open set
µ in Y, is a fuzzy semi α−open set in the fuzzy product space.

Corollary 2.7 [3] Let X and Y be a f ts0 s that X is product related to Y. Then
the product λ × µ of a fuzzy semi α−closed set λ in X and a fuzzy semi α−closed
set µ in Y, is a fuzzy semi α−closed set in the fuzzy product space.

Theorem 2.8 [3]

(i) Any union of fuzzy semi α−open sets is a fuzzy semi α−open set.
(ii) Any intersection of fuzzy semi α−closed sets is a fuzzy semi α−closed
set.

Definition 2.9 [3] For a mapping f : X → Y from a f ts X into a f ts Y is

said to be:
(i) Fuzzy semi α−continuous [3] if f −1 (B) is a fuzzy semi α−open ( fuzzy
semi α−closed ) set in X for each fuzzy open ( fuzzy closed ) set B in Y.
(ii) Fuzzy semi α? −continuous [3] if f −1 (B) is a fuzzy semi α−open ( fuzzy
semi α−closed ) set in X for each fuzzy semi α−open ( fuzzy semi α−closed )
set B in Y.
(iii) Fuzzy semi α?? −continuous [3] if f −1 (B) is a fuzzy open ( closed ) set
in X for each fuzzy semi α−open ( fuzzy semi α−closed ) set B in Y.

Definition 2.10 [2] A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i) Fuzzy T0 (F T0 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with different
supports there exists a fuzzy open set u such that either p ≤ u ≤ q c or q ≤ u ≤ pc .
(ii) Fuzzy T1 (F T1 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with different
supports there exist a fuzzy open sets u and v such that p ≤ u ≤ q c and q ≤ v ≤
pc .
(iii) Fuzzy stronger T1 (F Ts ) if every fuzzy singleton is a fuzzy closed set.
(iv) Fuzzy Housdorff (F T2 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with
different supports, there exist two fuzzy open sets u and v such that p ≤ u ≤ q c ,
q ≤ v ≤ pc and u ≤ v c .
 34

(v) Fuzzy Uryshon (F T2 1 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with dif-
2

ferent supports, there exist two fuzzy open sets u and v such that p ≤ u ≤ q c ,
q ≤ v ≤ pc and u ≤ (v)c .
(vi) Fuzzy regular space (F R) if for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy closed
set v, there exist two fuzzy open sets u1 and u2 such that v ≤ u2 , p ≤ u1 and
u1 ≤ uc2 .
(vii) Fuzzy T3 (F ST3 ) if it is (F R) as well as (F STs ).
(iv) Fuzzy normal space (F N ) if for every pair of fuzzy closed sets v1 and
v2 such that v1 ≤ v2c , there exist two fuzzy open sets u1 and u2 such that v1 ≤
u1 , v2 ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
(viii) Fuzzy T4 (F T4 ) if it is (F N ) as well as (F Ts ).

Definition 2.11 For a fuzzy set A of a f ts X, we have:

sαo
(i) A = ∨{B : A ≤ B, B is a fuzzy semi α-open set }
sα
(ii) A = ∧{B : A ≤ B, B is a fuzzy semi α-closed set }.
sαo sα
We call A the fuzzy semi α−interior of A and A the fuzzy semi α−closure
of A.

From Definition (2.11), we can proof these propositions.

Proposition 2.12 Let X be a f ts, A ≤ B ≤ X then :

sαo
(i) A is a fuzzy semi α−open set in (X, τ ).
sαo
(ii) A ≤ A.
sαo sαo
(iii) A≤ B.
sαo sαo sαo
(iv) A= ( A).
sαo
(v) A is a fuzzy semi α−open set iff A = A.

Proposition 2.13 Let X be a f ts, A ≤ B ≤ X then :

sα
(i) A is the smallest fuzzy semi α−closed set containing A.
sα
(ii) A ≤ A.
sα sα
(iii) A≤ B.
sα sα sα
(iv) A= ( A).
sα
(v) A is a fuzzy semi α−open set if and only if A = A.
 35

3 Fuzzy semi α - separation topological spaces

In this section, we introduce fuzzy semi α - separation topological
spaces (F Sα − Ti space) (for i = 0, 1, 2, 2 21 , 3, 4) as follows:

Definition 3.1 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be fuzzy semi α − T0

(F Sα − T0 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with different supports there
exists a fuzzy semi α−open set u such that either p ≤ u ≤ q c or q ≤ u ≤ pc .

Remark 3.2 It is clear that fuzzy T0 implies fuzzy semi α − T0 . But the
converse is not true in general.

Example 3.3 Let X = {a, b} and

3
u(a) = 4
u(b) = 0
v(a) = 1 v(b) = 0

Let τ = {ox , 1x , u}. By easy computation v is a fuzzy semi α−open set in (X, τ )
but is not a fuzzy open set, then the space (X, τ ) is F Sα − T0 but not F T0 .

Theorem 3.4 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is F Sα − T0 iff any two crisp
fuzzy singletons with different supports, have disjoint fuzzy semi α−closure.

Proof. Let (X, τ ) be F Sα − T0 and p, q be two crisp fuzzy singletons with

supports x1 , x2 , respectively, where x1 6= x2 , (X, τ ) being F Sα − T0 . There
exists a fuzzy semi α−open set u such that p ≤ u ≤ q c . This implies that
q ≤sα q ≤ uc , since p  uc , p sα q. But p ≤sα p . Therefore sα
p 6= sα
q.
Conversely, let p, q be any two fuzzy singletons with different supports x1 , x2 ,
respectively. Let p1 , q1 be fuzzy singletons such that p1 (x1 ) = q1 (x1 ) = 1. By
sα sα sα
hypothesis p1 6= q1 and p1 ≤ p1 implies pc1 ≥ (sα p1 )c , but p ≤ p1 implies
that pc ≥ pc1 ≥ (sα p1 )c . Thus (sα p1 )c is a fuzzy semi α−open set such that
q ≤ (sα p1 )c ≤ pc . Hence (X, τ ) is F Sα − T0 . ¥

Definition 3.5 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be a fuzzy semi α−T1
(F Sα − T1 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q with different supports there
exist a fuzzy semi α−open sets u and v such that p ≤ u ≤ q c and q ≤ v ≤ pc .
 36

Remark 3.6 Every fuzzy semi α − T1 space is obviously fuzzy semi α − T0

space. But the converse dose not need to be true.

Example 3.7 The space in Example 3.3 is a fuzzy semi α − T0 space but not
fuzzy semi α − T1 .

Theorem 3.8 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is F Sα −T1 iff every crisp fuzzy
singleton is a fuzzy semi α− closed set.

Proof. Let (X, τ ) be (F Sα − T1 ) and p0 be a crisp fuzzy singleton with support

x0 . Now, for any fuzzy singleton p with support x in X such that x 6= x0 there
exist a fuzzy semi α− open sets u and v such that p ≤ u ≤ q c and q ≤ v ≤ pc .
Since every fuzzy set is considered as the union of fuzzy singleton it contains,
W
we obtain in particular pc0 = p≤ pc p from pc0 (x0 ) = 1 − p0 (x0 ) = 0. We deduce
W 0

that pc0 = p≤ pc v and thus pc0 is a fuzzy semi α− open set.

0

Conversely, let p1 and p1 be a fuzzy singleton with different supports x1 , x2 .

Also let q1 and q1 be a fuzzy singleton with different supports x1 , x2 , respectively
and such that q1 (x1 ) = q2 (x2 ) = 1. The fuzzy sets q1c and q1c are fuzzy semi α−
open sets and satisfy the conditions p1 ≤ q2c ≤ pc2 and p2 ≤ q1c ≤ pc1 .
Hence the space (X, τ ) is (F Sα − T1 ). ¥

Definition 3.9 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be a fuzzy semi α −

stronger − T1 (F Sα − Ts ) if every fuzzy singleton is a fuzzy semi α− closed set.

Remark 3.10 Clearly, a (F Sα −Ts ) space is (F Sα −T1 ) but the converse need
not be true as is shown by the following example.

Example 3.11 Let X = {a, b} and

u(a) = 0.6 u(b) = 0

v(a) = 0 v(b) = 0.5

Let τ = {0x , 1x , u, v, u ∪ v}. By easy computation, we can see τ is a (F Sα − T1 )

but is not a (F Sα − Ts ).
 37

Definition 3.12 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i)- fuzzy semi α− Housdorff (F Sα − T2 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton
p, q with different supports, there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u and v such
that p ≤ u ≤ q c , q ≤ v ≤ pc and u ≤ v c .
(ii)- fuzzy semi α− Uryshon (F Sα − T2 1 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton
2

p, q with different supports, there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u and v such
that p ≤ u ≤ q c , q ≤ v ≤ pc and sα
u ≤ sα
v.
(iii)- fuzzy semi α− regular space (F SαR) if for a fuzzy singleton p and a
fuzzy closed set v, there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u1 and u2 such that
v ≤ u2 , p ≤ u1 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
(v)- fuzzy semi α − T3 (F Sα − T3 ) if it is (F SαR) as well as (F Sα − Ts ).
(iv)- fuzzy semi α− normal space (F SαN ) if for every pair of fuzzy closed
sets v1 and v2 such that v1 ≤ v2c , there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u1 and
u2 such that v1 ≤ u1 , v2 ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
(vi)- fuzzy semi α − T4 (F Sα − T4 ) if it is (F SαN ) as well as (F Sα − Ts ).
(vii)- fuzzy semi α−R0 space (F SαR0 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q
with different supports and each fuzzy semi α−open set u such that p ≤ u ≤ q c ,
then there exists a fuzzy semi α−open set v such that q ≤ v ≤ pc .
(viii)- fuzzy semi α − R1 space (F SαR1 ) if for every pair of fuzzy singleton
p, q with different supports and each fuzzy semi α− open set u such that p ≤ u ≤
q c , then there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets v1 , v2 such that p ∈ v1 , q ∈ v2
and v1 ≤ v2c .

Theorem 3.13 If (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − R1 space and fuzzy semi α − T0

space, then (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − T2 space.

Proof. Since (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − T0 then for every pair of fuzzy singleton
p, q with different supports, there exist a fuzzy semi α−open set u such that
either p ≤ u ≤ q c or q ≤ u ≤ pc . Consider the part p ≤ u ≤ q c .
Since (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − R1 then for every pair of fuzzy singleton p, q
with different supports and each fuzzy semi α− open set u such that p ≤ u ≤ q c ,
then there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets v1 , v2 such that p ∈ v1 , q ∈ v2 and
v1 ≤ v2c . So, clearly (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − T2 space. ¥
 38

Remark 3.14 It is clear that a fuzzy semi α− regular space implies a fuzzy
semi α− normal space . But the converse is not true in general.

Example 3.15 Let X = {a, b} and

u(a) = 0.8 u(b) = 0.8

v(a) = 0.3 v(b) = 0.3

Let τ = {0x , 1x , u, v}. By easy computation, one can see (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi
α− normal space but not a fuzzy semi α− regular space.

4 Some weaker forms of (fuzzy semi α-regular

and fuzzy semi α − T3) space
In this section we introduce other weaker forms of(fuzzy semi α -
regular and fuzzy semi α − T3 ) space as follows:

Definition 4.1 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i)- fuzzy semi α? − regular space (F Sα? R) if for a fuzzy singleton p and a
fuzzy semi α− closed set v, there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u1 and u2
such that v ≤ u2 , p ≤ u1 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
(ii)- fuzzy semi α?? − regular space (F Sα?? R) if for a fuzzy singleton p and
a fuzzy semi α− closed set v, there exist two fuzzy open sets u1 and u2 such that
v ≤ u2 , p ≤ u1 and u1 ≤ uc2 .

Theorem 4.2 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is :

(i) fuzzy semi α− regular space iff for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy closed
sα
set u1 , there exists a fuzzy semi α−open set u2 such that p ≤ u2 ≤ u2 ≤ u1 .
(ii) fuzzy semi α? − regular space iff for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy
semi α− closed set u1 , there exists a fuzzy semi α−open set u2 and such that
sα
p ≤ u2 ≤ u2 ≤ u1 .
(iii) fuzzy semi α?? − regular space iff for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy semi
α− closed set u1 , there exists a fuzzy open sets u2 such that p ≤ u2 ≤ u2 ≤ u1 .

Proof. Straightforward. ¥
 39

Theorem 4.3 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is:

(i) fuzzy semi α? − regular space iff for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy semi
α− closed set v such that p ≤ v c , there exist two fuzzy semi α− open sets u1
sα
and u2 such that p ≤ u1 , v ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ (sα u2 )c .
(ii) fuzzy semi α?? − regular space iff for a fuzzy singleton p and a fuzzy semi
α− closed set v such that p ≤ v c , there exist two fuzzy open sets u1 and u2 such
that p ≤ u1 , v ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ (u2 )c .

Proof.
(1) Since p ≤ v c and (X, τ ) is (F Sα? R), there exist two fuzzy semi α−open
sets u1 and u2 such that v ≤ u2 , p ≤ u1 and u2 ≤ uc1 .
sα sα
And by theorem (3.4) p ≤ u2 ≤ u2 ≤ u1 . Hence u2 ≤ u1 .
sα sα sα c sα sα c
Also v ≤ u2 ≤ u2 . But since u2 ≤ u1 then v ≤ u2 ≤ u2 ≤ u1 = uc1 .
sα
Hence p ≤ u1 , v ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ (sα u2 )c . The converse is clear. ¥
(2) Similar to the proof of (1). ¤

Definition 4.4 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i) fuzzy semi α? − T3 space if it is a fuzzy semi α? − regular space as well
as fuzzy semi α − stronger − T1 space.
(ii) fuzzy semi α?? − T3 space if it is a fuzzy semi α?? − regular space as well
as fuzzy semi α − stronger − T1 space.

The following ”Implication Diagram-1” illustrates the relation between different

weaker forms of fuzzy regular space.
-
FR

?
F Sα?? R - F SαR
6

- F Sα? R

(Diagram1)
 40

5 Some weaker forms of (fuzzy semi α -normal

and fuzzy semi α − T4) space
In this section we introduce other weaker forms of (fuzzy semi α
-normal and fuzzy semi α − T4 ) space as follows:

Definition 5.1 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i) fuzzy semi α? −normal (F Sα? N ) if for every pair of fuzzy semi α−closed
c
sets v1 and v2 such that v1 ≤ v2 , there exist two fuzzy semi α− open sets u1
and u2 such that v1 ≤ u1 , v2 ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
(ii) fuzzy semi α?? −normal (F Sα?? N ) if for every pair of fuzzy semi
c
α−closed sets v1 and v2 such that v1 ≤ v2 , there exist two fuzzy open sets
u1 and u2 such that v1 ≤ u1 , v2 ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ uc2 .

Theorem 5.2 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is:

(i) fuzzy semi α−normal space iff for every fuzzy closed set v1 and every
fuzzy open set v2 such that v1 ≤ v2 there exists a fuzzy semi α− open set u such
sα
that v1 ≤ u ≤ u ≤ v2 .
(ii) fuzzy semi α? −normal space iff for every fuzzy semi α− closed set v1
and every fuzzy semi α− open set v2 such that v1 ≤ v2 there exists a fuzzy semi
sα
α− open set u such that v1 ≤ u ≤ u ≤ v2 .
(iii) fuzzy semi α?? −normal space iff for every fuzzy semi α− closed set v1
and every fuzzy semi α− open set v2 such that v1 ≤ v2 there exists a fuzzy open
set u such that v1 ≤ u ≤ u ≤ v2 .

Proof. We only prove (ii) and the other are similar to that.
(ii) Let (X, τ ) be fuzzy semi α? −normal space.
Let v1 ≤ v2 , where v1 is fuzzy semi α− closed set and v2 is a fuzzy semi α−
open set, then v2c is a fuzzy semi α− closed set .
But (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α? −normal space. Hence there exist two fuzzy semi
α− open sets u1 and u2 such that v1 ≤ u1 , v2c ≤ u2 and u1 ≤ uc2 .
Therefore v1 ≤ u1 ≤ uc2 ≤ v2 . That implies sα
v1 ≤ sα
u1 ≤ sα
(uc2 ) ≤ sα
v2 .
sα sα
Then, v1 ≤ v1 ≤ u1 ≤ uc2 ≤ v2 . Hence, v1 ≤ u1 ≤ sα
u1 ≤ v 2 .
The converse is clear. ¥
 41

Theorem 5.3 If X × Y is a fuzzy semi α?? −normal space, then both X and Y
are fuzzy semi α?? −normal space.

Proof. Let u1 , u2 be a fuzzy semi α− open sets in X and Y, respectively, such

that u1 ≤ v1 and u2 ≤ v2 , where v1 and v2 are fuzzy semi α− closed sets in X
and Y respectively.
Since v1 × v2 ≤ u1 × u2 , where v1 × v2 is a fuzzy semi α− closed set and u1 × u2
is a fuzzy semi α− open set in X × Y.
But X × Y is a fuzzy semi α?? −normal space, then there exists a fuzzy open set
u in X × Y such that v1 × v2 ≤ u ≤ u ≤ u1 × u2 .
Then there exist λ1 and λ2 fuzzy open sets in X and Y, respectively, such that
v1 × v2 ≤ λ1 × λ2 ≤ λ1 × λ2 = λ1 × λ2 ≤ u1 × u2 .
Then v1 ≤ λ1 ≤ λ1 ≤ u1 ⇒ X is a fuzzy semi α?? −normal space.
And v2 ≤ λ2 ≤ λ2 ≤ u2 ⇒ Y is a fuzzy semi α?? −normal space. ¥

Definition 5.4 A fuzzy topological space (X, τ ) is said to be:

(i) fuzzy semi α? − T4 space if it is a fuzzy semi α? − normal space as well
as fuzzy semi α − stronger − T1 space.
(ii) fuzzy semi α?? − T4 space if it is a fuzzy semi α?? − normal space as well
as fuzzy semi α − stronger − T1 space.

Theorem 5.5 Let f be a fuzzy semi α? − open mapping from a f ts (X, τ ) into
f ts (Y, θ). If (Y, θ) is a fuzzy semi α? − Ti space, then so is X. (i= 0, 1, 2)

Proof. We prove only i = 2; the other cases are similar.

Let p, q be a fuzzy singletons with different supports in X, then f (p),
f (q) are two fuzzy singletons with different supports in Y. Since (Y, θ) is a
fuzzy semi α − T2 space, then there exist two fuzzy semi α−open sets u
and v such that f (p) ≤ u ≤ (f (q))c , f (q) ≤ v ≤ (f (p))c and u ≤ v c ,
p ≤ f −1 (u) ≤ q c , q ≤ f −1 (v) ≤ pc and f −1 (u) ≤ (f −1 (v))c where f −1 (u)
and f −1 (v) are fuzzy semi α−open sets in X.
Hence (X, τ ) is a fuzzy semi α − T2 space. ¥
 42

The following ”Implication Diagram-2” illustrates the relation between different

weaker forms of fuzzy normal space.

- FN

?
F Sα?? N - F SαN
6

- F Sα? N

(Diagram 2)

References
[1] C. L. Chang, ”Fuzzy topological space”, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 24 (1968),
pp.182 -190.

[2] M. H. Ghanim, E. E. Kerre and A. S. Mashhour, ”Separation Axioms, Sub-

space and Sums in Fuzzy Topology ”, J. Math. Anal Appl, 102(1984), pp.
189-202.

[3] Hakeem A. Othman and S. Latha, ”On fuzzy semi α-open sets and fuzzy
semi α-continuous mappings ”, Journal of Studies and Scientific Researches,
9(2008), pp. 169-186

[4] L.A. Zadeh, ”Fuzzy Sets”, Inform. And control, 8 (1965), pp.338 - 353.

ADDRESSES
? Department of Studies in Mathematics,University of Mysore, Manasagan-
gotri, Mysore-5700 06, Karnataka , INDIA.
E-mail : hakim albdoie@yahoo.com .
?? Department of Mathematics, Yuvaraja’s College, Unversity of Mysore,
Mysore - 5700 06,Karnataka INDIA.
E-mail : drlatha@gmail.com