10/22/2013

CHEMICAL PROCESS
PRINCIPLES
LECTURE- 04

FACTOR LABEL METHOD

RULES FOR SI UNITS
1

CONVERTING UNITS

Factor label method

Regardless of conversion, keeping track of units

makes things come out right

Must use conversion factors

- The relationship between two units

Canceling out units is a way of checking that your

calculation is set up right!

Steps:
1. Identify starting & ending units.
2. Line up conversion factors so units cancel.
3. Multiply all top numbers & divide by each bottom
number.
4. Check units & answer.

10/22/2013

SI VS CGS UNIT SYSTEM

Quantity

Unit

Symbol

Length

Meter(SI)
Centimeter(CGS)

m
cm

Mass

Kilogram (SI)
Gram(CGS)

kg
g

Moles

Gram-mole

mol or g-mol

Time

Second

Temperature

Kelvin

Electric Current

Ampere

Light Intensity

Candela

cd

PROB-1

How many milliliters are in 1.00 quart of milk?

qt

mL

1.00 qt

1L

1000 mL

1.057 qt

1L

= 946 mL

PROB-2

You have 1.5 pounds of gold. Find its volume in cm3 if

the density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3.

cm3

lb

1.5 lb 1 kg 1000 g 1 cm3

2.2 lb

1 kg

19.3 g

= 35 cm3

10/22/2013

PROB-3

How many liters of water would fill a container that

measures 75.0 in3?

in3

75.0 in3 (2.54 cm)3

(1 in)3

1L
1000 cm3

= 1.23 L

PROB-4
Your European hairdresser wants to cut your hair 8.0 cm
shorter. How many inches will he be cutting off

cm

in

8.0 cm 1 in
2.54 cm

= 3.1 in

PROB-5
Taft football needs 550 cm for a 1st down. How many
yards is this

cm

550 cm

yd

1 in

1 ft 1 yd

2.54 cm 12 in 3 ft

= 6.0 yd

10/22/2013

PROB-6
A piece of wire is 1.3 m long. How many 1.5 cm pieces
can be cut from this wire

pieces

1.3 m 100 cm
1m

1 piece
1.5 cm

= 86 pieces

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

Periods are never used after symbols

Unless at the end of the sentence

SI symbols are not abbreviations

In lowercase letter unless the symbol derives

from a proper name

m, kg, s, mol, cd (candela)

A, K, Hz, Pa (Pascal), C (Celsius)

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

Symbols

rather than self-styles

abbreviations always should be used

A (not amp), s (not sec)

An

s is never added to the symbol to

denote plural
A space is always left between the
numerical value and the unit symbol
43.7 km (not 43.7km)
0.25 Pa (not 0.25Pa)
Exception; 50C, 5 6

10/22/2013

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

There

should be no space between the

prefix and the unit symbols

Km (not k m)
mF (not m F)

When

writing unit names, lowercase all

letters except at the beginning of a
sentence, even if the unit is derived from a
proper name

Farad, hertz, ampere

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

Plurals are used as required when writing unit

names

Henries (H; henry)

Exceptions; lux, hertz, siemens

No hyphen or space should be left between a

prefix and the unit name

Megapascal (not mega-pascal)

Exceptions; megohm, kilohm, hetare

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

The symbol should be used in preference to the

unit name because unit symbols are standardized

Exceptions; ten meters (not ten m)

10 m (not 10 meters)

10/22/2013

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

When

writing unit names as a product,

always use a space (preferred) or a
hyphen

newton meter or newton-meter

When

expressing a quotient using unit

names, always use the word per and not a
solidus (slash mark /), which is reserved
for use with symbols

meter per second (not meter/second)

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

When writing a unit name that requires a power,

use a modifier, such as squared or cubed, after
the unit name

When expressing products using unit symbols,

the center dot is preferred

millimeter squared (not square millimeter)

N.m for newton meter

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

When

denoting a quotient by unit

symbols, any of the follow methods are
accepted form
m/s
m.s-1
or

m
s

M/s2 is good but m/s/s is not

Kg.m2/(s3.A) or kg.m2.s-3.A-1 is good, not
kg.m2/s3/A

10/22/2013

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

To denote a decimal point, use a period on the

line. When expressing numbers less than 1, a
zero should be written before the decimal

15.6
0.93

RULES FOR USING SI UNITS

Separate the digits into groups of three, counting

from the decimal to the left or right, and using a
small space to separate the groups
6.513 824
76 851
7 434
0.187 62