Upper Sixth
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C2 | Chemistry
Acidbase pair
A pair of two species that transform into each other by gain or loss
of a proton.
Activation energy
Addition polymer
Addition reaction
Adsorption
The process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the
surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid.
Alicyclic
hydrocarbon
Aliphatic
hydrocarbon
Alkali
Alkanes
Alkyl group
An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed, e.g. CH3, C2H5; any alkyl
group is often shown as R.
Amount of
substance
Anhydrous
Anion
Atom economy
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C2 | Chemistry
Atomic (proton)
number
Atomic orbital
Average bond
enthalpy
Avogadros
constant, NA
Biodegradable
substance
Biodegradable
polymer
Boltzmann
distribution
Bond dissociation
enthalpy
BrnstedLowry
acid
BrnstedLowry
base
Buffer solution
Carbanion
Carbocation
Catalyst
Cation
Chemical shift
Chiral carbon
Chromatogram
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C2 | Chemistry
cistrans
isomerism
Complex ion
Concentration
Condensation
reaction
Conjugate acid
Conjugate base
Coordinate bond
Coordination
number
Covalent bond
Cracking
Curly arrow
Dative covalent
Degradable
polymer
Dehydration
Delocalised
electrons
Dipoledipole force
Displacement
reaction
C2 | Chemistry
Displayed formula
Disproportionation
Dynamic
equilibrium
The equilibrium that exists in a closed system when the rate of the
forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
E/Z isomerism
(First) electron
affinity
(Second) electron
affinity
Electron shielding
Electron(ic)
structure or
configuration
Electronegativity
Electrophile
Electrophilic
substitution
Elimination
reaction
Empirical formula
Enantiomers
End point
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C2 | Chemistry
Endothermic
(Standard) enthalpy
change of
atomisation
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of gaseous
atoms forms from the element in its standard state.
(Standard) enthalpy
change of
combustion,
(Standard) enthalpy
change of
formation,
(Standard) enthalpy
change of
hydration
The enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of isolated
gaseous ions is dissolved in water, forming one mole of aqueous
ions, under standard conditions.
(Standard) enthalpy
change of
neutralisation,
(Standard) enthalpy
change of reaction,
(Standard) enthalpy
change of solution
Enthalpy cycle
Enthalpy profile
diagram
Enthalpy, H
Entropy, S
(Standard) entropy
change of reaction,
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C2 | Chemistry
Equilibrium law
Equivalence point
Esterification
Exothermic
Fragmentation
Free energy
change, G
Functional group
General formula
Giant covalent
lattice
Giant metallic
lattice
Greenhouse effect
Group
Half-life
Hesss Law
If a reaction can take place by more than one route and the initial
and final conditions are the same, the total enthalpy change is the
same for each route.
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C2 | Chemistry
Heterogeneous
catalysis
Heterogeneous
equilibrium
Heterolytic fission
High-density
lipoprotein (HDL)
Homogeneous
catalysis
Homogeneous
equilibrium
Homologous series
Homolytic fission
Hydrated
Hydrocarbon
Hydrogen bond
Hydrolysis
Initial rate of
reaction
Initiation
The first step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are
generated by ultraviolet radiation.
Intermediate
Intermolecular
force
Ion
C2 | Chemistry
Ionic bonding
Ionic product of
water, Kw
Kw = [H+(aq)] [OH(aq)]
At 25C, Kw = 1.00 1014 mol2dm6.
(First) ionisation
energy
The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one
mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
(Second) ionisation
energy
The energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one
mole of gaseous 1+ ions to form one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
Isoelectric point
Isotopes
Lattice enthalpy
Le Chateliers
Principle
Ligand
Ligand substitution
Limiting reagent
Lone pair
Low-density
lipoprotein (LDL)
Mass (nucleon)
number
Mechanism
Metallic bond
Mobile phase
Molar mass, M
The mass per mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are
gmol1.
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C2 | Chemistry
Mole
Molecular formula
Molecular ion, M+
Molecule
Monomer
Neutralisation
Nomenclature
Nucleophile
An atom (or group of atoms) which is attracted to an electrondeficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form
a new covalent bond.
Optical isomers
Order
Overall order
Oxidation
Oxidation number
Oxidising agent
Peptide
Percentage yield
Period
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C2 | Chemistry
Periodicity
Permanent dipole
pH
pH = log[H+(aq)]
[H+(aq)] = 10pH.
Pharmacological
activity
Phase
pi-bond
The reactive part of a double bond formed above and below the
plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
Polar covalent
bond
Polar molecule
Polymer
Precipitation
reaction
Principal quantum
number, n
Propagation
Radical
Rate constant, k
The constant that links the rate of reaction with the concentrations
of the reactants raised to the powers of their orders in the rate
equation.
Rate equation
Rate of reaction
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C2 | Chemistry
Rate-determining
step
Reaction
mechanism
Redox reaction
Reducing agent
Reduction
Reflux
Relative atomic
mass, Ar
Relative formula
mass
Relative isotopic
mass
Relative molecular
mass, Mr
Repeat unit
Retention time
The time for a component to pass from the column inlet to the
detector.
Rf value
Salt
Saturated
hydrocarbon
Shell
Simple molecular
lattice
Skeletal formula
C2 | Chemistry
Specific heat
capacity, c
Spectator ions
Spinspin coupling
Stability constant,
Kstab
Standard
conditions
Standard electrode
potential,
The e.m.f. of a half-cell compared with a standard hydrogen halfcell, measured at 298K with solution concentrations of 1 moldm3
and a gas pressure of 101kPa (1 atmosphere).
Stationary phase
Stem
Stereoisomers
Stoichiometry
Stratosphere
Strong acid
Structural formula
Structural isomers
Sub-shell
Substitution
reaction
Suffix
Termination
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C2 | Chemistry
Thermal
decomposition
Transition element
Troposphere
Unsaturated
hydrocarbon
Valence shell
Volatility
The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas. Volatility increases as
boiling point decreases.
Water of
crystallisation
Weak acid
Zwitterion
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