Country Name
Aruba
Andorra
Afghanistan
Angola
Albania
Arab World
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
American Samoa
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bahamas, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belarus
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Brunei Darussalam
Bhutan
Botswana
Central African Republic
Canada
Central Europe and the Baltics
Switzerland
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Cote d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Congo, Rep.
Colombia
Comoros
Country Code
ABW
AND
AFG
AGO
ALB
ARB
ARE
ARG
ARM
ASM
ATG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BDI
BEL
BEN
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BHS
BIH
BLR
BLZ
BMU
BOL
BRA
BRB
BRN
BTN
BWA
CAF
CAN
CEB
CHE
CHI
CHL
CHN
CIV
CMR
COG
COL
COM
Cabo Verde
Costa Rica
Caribbean small states
Cuba
Curacao
Cayman Islands
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Germany
Djibouti
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
East Asia & Pacific (developing only)
East Asia & Pacific (all income levels)
Europe & Central Asia (developing only)
Europe & Central Asia (all income levels)
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Euro area
Eritrea
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
European Union
Fragile and conflict affected situations
Finland
Fiji
France
Faeroe Islands
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Guinea
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
Grenada
Greenland
Guatemala
Guam
Guyana
High income
Hong Kong SAR, China
CPV
CRI
CSS
CUB
CUW
CYM
CYP
CZE
DEU
DJI
DMA
DNK
DOM
DZA
EAP
EAS
ECA
ECS
ECU
EGY
EMU
ERI
ESP
EST
ETH
EUU
FCS
FIN
FJI
FRA
FRO
FSM
GAB
GBR
GEO
GHA
GIN
GMB
GNB
GNQ
GRC
GRD
GRL
GTM
GUM
GUY
HIC
HKG
Honduras
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)
Croatia
Haiti
Hungary
Indonesia
Isle of Man
India
Not classified
Ireland
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyz Republic
Cambodia
Kiribati
St. Kitts and Nevis
Korea, Rep.
Kosovo
Kuwait
Latin America & Caribbean (developing only)
Lao PDR
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
St. Lucia
Latin America & Caribbean (all income levels)
Least developed countries: UN classification
Low income
Liechtenstein
Sri Lanka
Lower middle income
Low & middle income
Lesotho
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Latvia
Macao SAR, China
St. Martin (French part)
Morocco
Monaco
HND
HPC
HRV
HTI
HUN
IDN
IMN
IND
INX
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JAM
JOR
JPN
KAZ
KEN
KGZ
KHM
KIR
KNA
KOR
KWT
LAC
LAO
LBN
LBR
LBY
LCA
LCN
LDC
LIC
LIE
LKA
LMC
LMY
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MAC
MAF
MAR
MCO
Moldova
Madagascar
Maldives
Middle East & North Africa (all income levels)
Mexico
Marshall Islands
Middle income
Macedonia, FYR
Mali
Malta
Myanmar
Middle East & North Africa (developing only)
Montenegro
Mongolia
Northern Mariana Islands
Mozambique
Mauritania
Mauritius
Malawi
Malaysia
North America
Namibia
New Caledonia
Niger
Nigeria
Nicaragua
Netherlands
High income: nonOECD
Norway
Nepal
New Zealand
High income: OECD
OECD members
Oman
Other small states
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Poland
Puerto Rico
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Portugal
Paraguay
Pacific island small states
French Polynesia
MDA
MDG
MDV
MEA
MEX
MHL
MIC
MKD
MLI
MLT
MMR
MNA
MNE
MNG
MNP
MOZ
MRT
MUS
MWI
MYS
NAC
NAM
NCL
NER
NGA
NIC
NLD
NOC
NOR
NPL
NZL
OEC
OED
OMN
OSS
PAK
PAN
PER
PHL
PLW
PNG
POL
PRI
PRK
PRT
PRY
PSS
PYF
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
South Asia
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
San Marino
Somalia
Serbia
Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)
South Sudan
Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)
Small states
Sao Tome and Principe
Suriname
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Swaziland
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Seychelles
Syrian Arab Republic
Turks and Caicos Islands
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Tuvalu
Taiwan, China
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Upper middle income
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
QAT
ROU
RUS
RWA
SAS
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLB
SLE
SLV
SMR
SOM
SRB
SSA
SSD
SSF
SST
STP
SUR
SVK
SVN
SWE
SWZ
SXM
SYC
SYR
TCA
TCD
TGO
THA
TJK
TKM
TLS
TON
TTO
TUN
TUR
TUV
TWN
TZA
UGA
UKR
UMC
URY
USA
UZB
VCT
VEN
VIR
VNM
VUT
PSE
WLD
WSM
YEM
ZAF
COD
ZMB
ZWE
Indicator Name
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
Researchers in R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
Indicator Code
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
Researchers
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
in
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
R&D
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
(per
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
million
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
people)
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991
1997
1998
1999
3328.460449
3344.825684
2336.706299
2902.77832
72.39073944 72.09452057
259.9004517 300.3811035
1255.153198 1220.029297 1221.048828 1317.903931
2760.42627 2824.182861 2846.825928 3050.524658
3178.108643 3318.562012
3561.485107
1012.070557
1347.095459
1039.764648
1224.13269
1226.84729
153.4464111
116.6245575
1962.959839
4947.036621 5001.586914 5211.633789 5251.055664
187.7198639
14.40137959 14.87275028
89.08820343
152.8065948
3097.927241 3195.499758 3346.716899 3406.591588
70.11361694
2290.394531 2438.772217 2491.125244 2650.329102
2960.777458 2399.592692 2398.315916
3963.327881
4096.077637
2202.551025
2296.871094
2853.190533 2897.904748 3006.77562 3083.540358
2467.314007 2506.050972 2591.840449 2657.358876
74.67955017
111.1022263 113.7372894 157.1715851 96.20250702
116.6245575
101.3731308 73.23075867
169.0598602
702.1165161 731.2081299
304.2435913 313.1893921 308.6862488 322.3615417
49.35548019 55.79452133
198.8739166
49.04494095 53.11108017 55.12931061 54.47608948
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
3711.610107
2981.300537
151.867981 101.4936523
4015.707275
3167.911865 3455.634033
1184.799438
544.741272 587.7758179
542.8354492
32.54745865
100.5305481 112.3297119
165.862381
99.81987762 130.6790924
131.3787842 108.0931931
121.940773
1304.94873
1416.936646
4123.29541
1774.444458
1513.228149 1496.810425
137.3622742
2238.848633
6545.892578
6612.054688
7261.790527
17.54221916
2357.037354
2951.46875 3058.952148
169.9689026 169.6452179
306.2214341 306.5913404
134.614563
135.7309418
2323.549316
4864.070313
1473.361694
635.4814453
11.73962975
274.243988
293.1539307
499.4857178
3460.688505 3540.991333 3617.542067 3850.841901 3773.940143 3746.556852
8.34060955 7.660920143
80.32466125
92.0282135 102.2006073
70.94029236
80.35308838
1438.642334
1465.44104
914.5826416 884.1738281
911.74823 944.3016357 959.3304443 1038.200439
3450.600098 3460.197998 3380.574951 3364.703125 3309.37793 3227.731689
111.6557841
130.3509852
149.2640076
280.8032532
1082.361667
1206.648539
311.6017761
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
56.98572922
147.9436188
4179.178711
4280.359863
3527.523682 3811.073975 4136.629883 4140.575195 4312.416992 4401.077148
173.1860199 192.6168365
597.0096436 611.9570923
142.2938232 162.0596313
628.522644 667.2250977 710.2755737
963.203125
50.96258163
257.0205688 973.3943481 1199.866821 1289.027588
5301.725586
3639.79248 3726.702393
3851.49292 3917.553223
38.76699829
98.22660065 109.9284363
1801.119629 1898.818115
25.00889969
33.77587891
2219.199951
1319.599609
1637.61084 1583.552734
5387.017578 5377.737793
55.76877975
227.4549866
5157.51709
651.8201904
91.02394104
96.41905975
103.088913
2654.158691 2682.84082
4620.255371 4694.342285
1918.181274 2043.719727
396.7915955 394.4609985
23.01654053
5.863470078
2736.967773 2802.385742 2756.26001
4810.927734 5190.151367 5813.908691
1714.215088
1863.6521 1903.650269
487.2348938 502.500824 475.8566284
735.7225952 864.4572144
2463.861084
4406.178223
1790.786133
572.3122559
15.61102009
29.58342934
368.2251587
3810.365063
598.649231
3815.71251 3965.392019
48.76214981
1065.41333 1458.962036 1642.69104
4082.4187 3911.016077 4036.693072
38.56649017
3245.640381 3105.119141 3073.58252 2835.408447 3232.152588 3506.932617
2398.530402 2445.796033 2347.991386 2300.660167 2349.430353 2341.492164
4836.079102 5157.845215 5353.349609 5433.212402 5407.818848 5507.555664
3449.307129
3724.316406
3692.860107
3675.747908 3659.006595 3779.455848 3845.731323 3847.244813 3998.361436
3176.007876 3165.670313 3271.920512 3321.652277 3323.693454 3456.044504
159.8896332
160.6677856
162.2749786
148.8536224
87.50158691 136.3492889 106.6560135 108.9648209 111.4697495
78.27799988
1559.733032 1607.664063
2339.543457 2669.207275
23.91905022 37.01922989
323.743866
34.93489838
331.9385071
1336.974365
757.9786676
481.1882935
4042.056396
35.56774902
37.15221024
1320.547485 1252.905884
812.6877675 889.5868874
549.5284424 525.197998
3837.600342 3978.728516
533.8567505
2012
4564.938477
3982.983887
1551.973389
1908.787523
1019.572144
2013 2014
792.7411499
3111.494385
4138.882813
6730.388672
1019.572144
3276.846954
2719.072754
3540.500488
3157.258508
7482.343262
4024.20459
2168.340088
1552.668823
2389.387939
3513.196289
1820.220703
2649.935303
6193.865723
1894.751953
1853.825928
3505.955322
5588.445801
1753.446167
4780.766602
828.1412964
3096.110107
6437.733398
1235.481201
2804.183105
4397.603516
5181.198242
537.5151978
289.9703979
95.10127258
Country Name
Kosovo
Aruba
Afghanistan
Angola
Albania
Andorra
Arab World
United Arab Emirates
Argentina
Armenia
American Samoa
Antigua and Barbuda
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Burundi
Belgium
Benin
Burkina Faso
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Bahrain
Bahamas, The
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belarus
Belize
Bermuda
Bolivia
Brazil
Barbados
Brunei Darussalam
Bhutan
Botswana
Central African Republic
Canada
Central Europe and the Baltics
Switzerland
Channel Islands
Chile
China
Cte d'Ivoire
Cameroon
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Colombia
Comoros
Cabo Verde
Costa Rica
Caribbean small states
Cuba
Curaao
Cayman Islands
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Germany
Djibouti
Dominica
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Algeria
East Asia & Pacific
East Asia & Pacific (all income levels)
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia (all income levels)
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Euro area
Eritrea
Spain
Estonia
Ethiopia
European Union
Fragile and conflict affected situations
Finland
Fiji
France
Faeroe Islands
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Gabon
United Kingdom
Georgia
Ghana
Guinea
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea
Greece
Grenada
Greenland
Guatemala
Guam
Guyana
High income
Hong Kong SAR, China
Honduras
Russian Federation
Rwanda
South Asia
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
Senegal
Singapore
Solomon Islands
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
San Marino
Somalia
Serbia
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Sudan
Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)
Small states
So Tom and Principe
Suriname
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Swaziland
Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
Seychelles
Syrian Arab Republic
Turks and Caicos Islands
Chad
Togo
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Timor-Leste
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Tuvalu
Taiwan, China
Tanzania
Uganda
Ukraine
Upper middle income
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Venezuela, RB
Country Code
ABW
AFG
AGO
ALB
AND
ARB
ARE
ARG
ARM
ASM
ATG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BDI
BEL
BEN
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BHS
BIH
BLR
BLZ
BMU
BOL
BRA
BRB
BRN
BTN
BWA
CAF
CAN
CEB
CHE
CHI
CHL
CHN
CIV
CMR
COD
COG
COL
COM
CPV
CRI
CSS
CUB
CUW
CYM
CYP
CZE
DEU
DJI
DMA
DNK
DOM
DZA
EAP
EAS
ECA
ECS
ECU
EGY
EMU
ERI
ESP
EST
ETH
EUU
FCS
FIN
FJI
FRA
FRO
FSM
GAB
GBR
GEO
GHA
GIN
GMB
GNB
GNQ
GRC
GRD
GRL
GTM
GUM
GUY
HIC
HKG
HND
HPC
HRV
HTI
HUN
IDN
IMN
IND
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JAM
JOR
JPN
KAZ
KEN
KGZ
KHM
KIR
KNA
KOR
KWT
LAC
LAO
LBN
LBR
LBY
LCA
LCN
LDC
LIC
LIE
LKA
LMC
LMY
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MAC
MAF
MAR
MCO
MDA
MDG
MDV
MEA
MEX
MHL
MIC
MKD
MLI
MLT
MMR
MNA
MNE
MNG
MNP
MOZ
MRT
MUS
MWI
MYS
NAC
NAM
NCL
NER
NGA
NIC
NLD
NOC
NOR
NPL
NZL
OEC
OED
OMN
OSS
PAK
PAN
PER
PHL
PLW
PNG
POL
PRI
PRK
PRT
PRY
PSE
PSS
PYF
QAT
ROU
RUS
RWA
SAS
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLB
SLE
SLV
SMR
SOM
SRB
SSA
SSD
SSF
SST
STP
SUR
SVK
SVN
SWE
SWZ
SXM
SYC
SYR
TCA
TCD
TGO
THA
TJK
TKM
TLS
TON
TTO
TUN
TUR
TUV
TWN
TZA
UGA
UKR
UMC
URY
USA
UZB
VCT
VEN
VIR
VNM
VUT
WLD
WSM
YEM
ZAF
ZMB
ZWE
Region
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific
Latin America & Caribbean
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
North America
Latin America & Caribbean
Latin America & Caribbean
Latin America & Caribbean
East Asia & Pacific
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
North America
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
East Asia & Pacific
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific
Latin America & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Middle East & North Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
East Asia & Pacific
Europe & Central Asia
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific
East Asia & Pacific
Latin America & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa
Europe & Central Asia
East Asia & Pacific
East Asia & Pacific
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
North America
Europe & Central Asia
Latin America & Caribbean
Latin America & Caribbean
IncomeGroup
Lower middle income
High income: nonOECD
Low income
Upper middle income
Upper middle income
High income: nonOECD
High income: nonOECD
High income: nonOECD
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
High income: nonOECD
High income: OECD
High income: OECD
Upper middle income
Low income
High income: OECD
Low income
Low income
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
High income: nonOECD
High income: nonOECD
Upper middle income
Upper middle income
Upper middle income
High income: nonOECD
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
High income: nonOECD
High income: nonOECD
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
Low income
High income: OECD
High income: OECD
High income: nonOECD
High income: OECD
Upper middle income
Lower middle income
Lower middle income
Low income
Lower middle income
Upper middle income
Low income
Lower middle income
SpecialNotes
Kosovo became a World Bank member on June 29, 2009. Since 1999, Kosovo has been a territory und
SNA data for 2000-2011 are updated from official government statistics; 1994-1999 from UN database
Fiscal year end: March 20; reporting period for national accounts data: FY (from 2013 are CY). Nationa
April 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward
Arab World aggregate. Arab World is composed of members of the League of Arab States.
April 2013 database update: Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, national accounts d
The base year has changed to 2004.
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Value added current series up
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
April 2012 database update: National accounts historical expenditure series in constant prices were re
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2005/06
The new reference year for chain linked series is 2010. April 2011 database update: The National Stat
Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.
Based on official government statistics for chain linked series; the new reference year is 2010.
April 2013 database update: Data were updated using the government of Bhutan macroeconomic fram
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official governme
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
Central Europe and the Baltics aggregate.
On 1 July 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong; and on 20 December 1999
The new base year is 2009.
Cabo Verde is the new name for the country previously listed as Cape Verde. Based on official governm
Caribbean small states aggregate. Includes Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Gu
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
East Asia and Pacific regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).
East Asia and Pacific regional aggregate (including high-income economies).
Europe and Central Asia regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).
Europe and Central Asia regional aggregate (including high-income economies).
National accounts have been revised from 1965 onward based on official government data; the new b
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2001/02
Euro area aggregate.
April 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year end: July 7; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on IMF data, national acc
European Union aggregate.
Fragile situations aggregate. Note: Countries with fragile situations are primarily International Develo
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Based on data from the Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data on the expenditure side have bee
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on the Pacifi
Based on IMF data and official government statistics; the new base year is 2001.
In 2010, the Ghana Statistical Service revised the base year for Ghana's national accounts series from
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. April 2013 database update:
In 2010, national accounts data for 2003-09 were revised. The new data had broader coverage of all s
National accounts have been revised from 1980 onward based on IMF data and official government st
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
In 2010, the Bureau of Statistics introduced a new series of GDP rebased to year 2006. Current price G
High income group aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $1
On 1 July 1997 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. Unless otherwise noted, da
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on official governmen
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year end: March 20; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.
National accounts have been revised from 2000 onward based on official government data; the new b
Based on official government statistics for chain linked series; the new reference year is 2010.
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
The new reference year for chain linked series is 2005.
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government
Based on IMF and World Bank data, GDP in current and constant prices have been revised from 2000
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
The new base year is 2010. GDP data are available from 1970 onward while components are revised f
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official government
Latin America and Caribbean regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).
April 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data were revised for 2000 onward
National accounts data are revised from 2010 to 2013 based on IMF and World Bank staff estimates.
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
Latin America and Caribbean regional aggregate (including high-income economies).
Least developed countries (UN classification) aggregate.
Low income group aggregate. Low-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $1,
Lower middle income group aggregate. Lower-middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI
Low and middle income group aggregate (all developing economies). Low- and middle-income econom
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
On 20 December 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao. Unless otherwise noted
April 2012 database update: The Department of National Planning revised national accounts data for
Middle East and North Africa regional aggregate (including high-income economies).
The new base year is 2008.
Fiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.
Middle income group aggregate. Middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita wa
New base year is 2005.
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.
Middle East and North Africa regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).
Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, da
The new base year is 2010.
Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2009.
Based on official statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Development; the base year has
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on IMF data, nationa
Based on official government statistics, value added in services in constant and current prices have b
North America regional aggregate. There are no economies in North America classified as low or midd
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Based on official governme
Based on official government statistics, national accounts data have been revised from 2006 onward;
Based on official government statistics released 6 April, 2014, national accounts data have been revis
April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
High income nonOECD aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita wa
Fiscal year end: July 14; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: FY.
High income OECD members aggregate. High-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per cap
OECD members aggregate (all, including developing countries).
Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.
Other small states aggregate. Includes Bhutan, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial G
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. The new base year is 2005/06
The new base year is 2007.
The new base year is 2007.
Source for GNI and net income from abroad is changed to national statistical office from central bank.
Fiscal year ends on September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. National accounts d
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. April 2012 database update:
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
National accounts data have been revised from 1960 onward. The methodology and base year have n
The new base year is 2004.
Pacific island small states aggregate. Includes Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micro
National accounts have been revised based on data from the National Statistical Institute; the new ba
Based on official government statistics, national accounts data are revised for 2006 onward; the new
South Asia regional aggregate. There are no economies in South Asia classified as high income.
The new base year is 2010.
Demographic data (total population, life expectancy, fertility, child mortality, migration), education se
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. Country reports using a ble
National accounts data have been revised from 2007 to 2013 based on IMF reports.
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. April 2013 database update:
Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, da
Sub-Saharan Africa regional aggregate (does not include high-income economies).
South Sudan declared its independence on July 9, 2011. Data are shown separately for South Sudan w
Sub-Saharan Africa regional aggregate (including high-income economies).
Small states aggregate. Includes 41 members of the Small States Forum. (Does not include the high-in
Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
A simple multiplier is used to convert the national currencies of EMU members to euros. The following
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. In 2011, the Central Statisti
April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
April 2013 database update: Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, national accounts da
Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2005 onward; the new base year is 2
April 2013 database update: Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000; t
Fiscal year end: September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
On January 1, 2009, the Turkmen manat was redenominated (1 new manat = 5,000 old manats).
Based on official government statistics, national account data have been revised, and value added is
2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Fiscal year ends on June 30; reporting per
National accounts data from 2005 onward have been revised based on data published by the Tunisian
2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Value added is measured at producer pric
The new base year is 2007. Tanzania reports using a blend of SNA 1993 and SNA 2008.
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Based on official government
Upper middle income group aggregate. Upper-middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI
In 2011, the Central Bank revised national accounts data for 2006 onward.
Fiscal year end: September 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY.
April 2012 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revi
Based on data from the Vietnam Statistics Office, national accounts data have been revised from 2000
2013 national accounts estimates are based on IMF reports. Based on official government statistics, v
World aggregate.
Fiscal year ends on June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: FY. Data are revised from Sam
Based on official government statistics and International Monetary Fund data, national accounts data
Fiscal year end: March 31; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. The new base year is 2010.
The new base year is 2010. National accounts data were rebased to reflect the January 1, 2013, introd
Fiscal year end: June 30; reporting period for national accounts data: CY. As of January 2009, multiple
osovo has been a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1
; 1994-1999 from UN databases. Base year has changed from 1995 to 2000.
Y (from 2013 are CY). National accounts data are sourced from the IMF and differ from the Central Statistics Org
were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2002.
ue of Arab States.
Statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2001 onward; the base year changed to 2007.
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
Value added current series updated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics; data revised from 1990 onward; Aus
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
eries in constant prices were revised in line with State Statistical Committee data that were not previously availa
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
ng; and on 20 December 1999 China resumed its exercise of sovereignty over Macao. Unless otherwise noted, d
were revised for 1990 onward; the base year changed to 1990.
erde. Based on official government statistics and IMF data, national accounts data have been revised from 1990
ahamas, Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Suriname, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vin
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2008: 1 euro =
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
economies).
me economies).
al government data; the new base year is 2007. The large upward changes are due to an improved calculation m
The new base year is 2001/02.
were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2000.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2011: 1 euro =
ased on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2010/11.
primarily International Development Association-eligible countries and nonmember or inactive countries and te
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
he expenditure side have been revised from 2005 onward; the new base year is 2005.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
s data: FY. Based on the Pacific and Virgin Islands Training Initiative, national accounts data have been revised f
national accounts series from 1993 to 2006. The new GDP data were about 60 percent higher than previously r
April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2
a had broader coverage of all sectors of the economy, and GDP in current prices averaged 89 percent higher tha
ata and official government statistics; the new base year is 2006.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
d to year 2006. Current price GDP averaged 63 percent higher than previous estimates.
ch 2014 GNI per capita was $12,736 or more.
ng. Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or
ase update: Based on official government statistics, the base year for constant price series changed to 2005.
ata: FY. In 2010, the government revised national accounts data following changes in the methodology. Current
conomic Co-operation and Development, national accounts data were revised for 1991 onward.
CY. Data for Indonesia include Timor-Leste through 1999 unless otherwise noted. New base year is 2010.
Y. Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2011/12. India reports using SNA 2008.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
al government data; the new base year is 1988. The new series raises GDP significantly from previous estimates
have been revised from 2000 onward. Value added components are calculated using shares from the Asian Dev
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
while components are revised from 2000 onward only. Historical data in constant prices are linked to preserve gr
Based on official government statistics; the new base year is 2010.
-income economies).
were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2000.
d World Bank staff estimates.
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
economies).
s are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was between $1,046 and $4,125.
w- and middle-income economies are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was $12,735 or less.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2015: 1 euro =
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2014: 1 euro =
Macao. Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China
ed national accounts data for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2003.
economies).
s data: FY.
which 2014 GNI per capita was between $1,046 and $12,735.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2008: 1 euro =
income economies).
e 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, for Serbia, some indicators c
CY. Based on IMF data, national accounts data have been revised for 2000 onward; the new base year is 2009.
ant and current prices have been revised from 1990 onward. National accounts data in constant prices have be
erica classified as low or middle income.
CY. Based on official government statistics, national accounts data have been revised from 1980 onward; the new
Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Maldives, Mauritius, Monten
The new base year is 2005/06.
stical office from central bank. April 2012 database update: National accounts data were revised for 1998 onwar
s data: FY. National accounts data are revised based on IMF reports.
April 2012 database update: Based on data from the Instituto de Estadsticas de Puerto Rico, national accounts
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate was adopted by the EU Council on January 1, 19
odology and base year have not changed but the output of two hydroelectric plants (shared with neighboring co
nds, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.
ed for 2006 onward; the new base year is 2011. Rwanda reports using SNA 2008.
assified as high income.
ality, migration), education series, and HIV prevalence are reported separately for Sudan and South Sudan; see
CY. Country reports using a blend of SNA 1993 and SNA 2008. April 2012 database update: National accounts tim
IMF reports.
April 2013 database update: Based on official government statistics, national accounts data were revised for 1
e 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, for Serbia, some indicators, s
conomies).
n separately for South Sudan where available.
m. (Does not include the high-income countries Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cyprus, Estonia, Iceland, Malta, Qat
onward; the new base year is 2000.
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2009: 1 euro =
embers to euros. The following irrevocable euro conversion rate entered into force on January 1, 2007: 1 euro =
CY. In 2011, the Central Statistical Office revised national accounts data for 1990 onward.
tional accounts data were revised for 1976 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
Statistics, national accounts data were revised for 2003 onward.
data published by the Tunisian authorities. April 2012 database update: Based on data from the Central Bank an
d is measured at producer prices up to 1999 and at basic prices from 2000 onward.
s are those in which 2014 GNI per capita was between $4,126 and $12,735.
tional accounts data were revised for 2000 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
a have been revised from 2000 onward; the new base year is 2010.
fficial government statistics, value added is measured at producer prices through 1997 and at basic prices from
FY. Data are revised from Samoa Bureau of Statistics and Central Bank of Samoa. The new base year is 2008/0
data, national accounts data have been revised for 1990 onward. The new base year is 2007.
CY. The new base year is 2010. South Africa reports using SNA 2008.
ect the January 1, 2013, introduction of the new Zambian kwacha at a rate of 1,000 old kwacha = 1 new kwach
As of January 2009, multiple hard currencies, such as rand, pound sterling, euro and U.S. dollar are in use. Data
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 40.3399 Belgian franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not a
ard. GDP in current prices were about 4 percent higher than previous estimates.
2006 onward; the new base year is 2006. Data before 2006 were reported on a fiscal year basis.
ess otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan
een revised from 1990 onward; the new base year is 2007.
Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago.
ary 1, 2008: 1 euro = 0.585274 Cyprus pounds. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are no
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 1.95583 German mark. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 166.386 Spanish peseta. Please note that historical data before 1999 are no
ary 1, 2011: 1 euro = 15.6466 Estonian kroon. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not
se year is 2010/11.
ctive countries and territories with a 3.2 or lower harmonized average of the World Bank's Country Policy and In
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 5.94573 Finnish markka. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 6.55957 French franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not ac
a have been revised from 2009 onward. 2013 estimates are based on the IMF Small States Monitor, Issue 1.201
gher than previously reported and incorporated improved data sources and methodology.
ata were revised for 2004 onward; the base year changed to 2004.
89 percent higher than previous estimates.
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 340.75 Greek drachma. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not
Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Agriculture value added includes mining and quarrying.
es changed to 2005.
methodology. Current price series since 1991 and constant price series since 1996 were revised.
e year is 2010.
ng SNA 2008.
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 0.787564 Irish pound. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not ac
om previous estimates.
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 1936.27 Italian lira. Please note that historical data before 1999 are not actu
ary 1, 2015: 1 euro = 3.45280 Lithuanian litas. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 40.3399 Luxembourg franc. Please note that historical data before 1999 are
ary 1, 2014: 1 euro = 0.702804 Latvian lats. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not co
na; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
ary 1, 2008: 1 euro = 0.4293 Maltese lira. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not comp
bia, some indicators continue to include data for Montenegro through 2005.
GDP data are 60 to 75 percent higher than previously reported and incorporate improved data sources and met
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 2.20371 Netherlands guilder. Please note that historical data before 1999 ar
ves, Mauritius, Montenegro, Namibia, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Swaziland, and Timor-Leste.
evised for 1998 onward. Because intellectual property products are now reported as a part of gross fixed capital
ouncil on January 1, 1999: 1 euro = 200.482 Portuguese escudo. Please note that historical data before 1999 are
ed with neighboring countries) has been added raising GDP from previous estimates. On the supply side, it was
and South Sudan; see specific notes for other series. National accounts data exclude South Sudan after July 9, 2
National accounts time series were replaced with official government statistics.
ata were revised for 1990 onward; the base year changed to 2006.
bia, some indicators, such as those series for which data appear only for Serbia and not Montenegro--e.g., aid, e
ary 1, 2009: 1 euro = 30.126 Slovak koruna. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not co
ary 1, 2007: 1 euro = 239.64 Slovenian tolar. Please note that historical data are not actual euros and are not co
ate: Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, national accounts data were revised; the base year ch
m the Central Bank and its Statistical Bulletin, national accounts data were revised for 1997 onward.
w base year is 2008/09. Other methodological changes include increased reliance on summary data from the co
data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
SAR, China; or Taiwan, China. Based on data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the methodology for nationa
ctual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
a before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
ta before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
ual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment rating and the corresponding rating by a regional development ba
ta before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
s Monitor, Issue 1.2014. In 2010, the government statistical office revised national accounts data for 1995-2008
a before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
fore 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
tual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
al euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
uros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
al data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
imor-Leste.
t of gross fixed capital formation, gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices averaged 4 percent higher tha
l data before 1999 are not actual euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
he supply side, it was added in "gas, electricity and water." On the demand side changes were mainly to export
h Sudan after July 9, 2011. Other data reported for Sudan generally include South Sudan to 2011 unless otherw
Montenegro--e.g., aid, environment, external debt, balance of payments, various social indicators excluding popu
al euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
al euros and are not comparable or suitable for aggregation across countries.
97 onward.
mary data from the countrys Value Added Goods and Services Tax system, incorporation of more recent benchm
across countries.
oss countries.
ethodology for national accounts exports and imports of goods and services in constant prices have been revise
oss countries.
cross countries.
ional development bank, or that have had a UN or regional peacebuilding and political mission (for example by
cross countries.
ss countries.
oss countries.
ss countries.
countries.
n across countries.
on across countries.
n across countries.
were mainly to exports, but also for imports, investment and consumption. National accounts price valuations fo
to 2011 unless otherwise noted. External debt data and land-related data (including population density, but exc
icators excluding population--continue to include data for Montenegro through 2005. Moreover, data from 1999
ssion (for example by the African Union, European Union, or Organization of American States) or peacekeeping
unts price valuations for 1991 to 2012 have also been corrected and changed from VAP to VAB.
lation density, but excluding surface area after 2010) for all years include South Sudan.
eover, data from 1999 onward for Serbia for most indicators exclude data for Kosovo, 1999 being the year when
tes) or peacekeeping mission (for example, by the African Union, European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organiz
9 being the year when Kosovo became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Co
Atlantic Treaty Organization, or Organization of American States) during the last three years. This definition is p
uant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999); any exceptions are noted. Kosovo became a World Bank me
rs. This definition is pursuant to an agreement between the World Bank and other multilateral development ba
ame a World Bank member on June 29, 2009; available data are shown separately for Kosovo. In 2011, the Stat
teral development banks at the start of the International Development Association 15 round in 2007. The list of
ovo. In 2011, the Statistical Office of Serbia improved the methodology of national accounts data for 2003 onwa
nd in 2007. The list of countries and territories with fragile situations is imperfect and used here to reflect a co
nts data for 2003 onward. Specifically, the classification of sectors was revised. The new reference year for chain
ed here to reflect a complex concept. The World Bank continues to work with partners and client countries to re
INDICATOR_CODE
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
INDICATOR_NAME
Researchers in R&D (per million people)
SOURCE_NOTE
Researchers in R&D are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, produ
SOURCE_ORGANIZATION
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics.