Scheme of Study and the Syllabi for the VII semester B. Tech.

- Biotechnology and the VII

Semester M. Tech. - (5 -Year Integrated) Biotechnology Programmes for the students
admitted during the academic year 2011-12.
Semester VII
Course Code

Course Name

L-T-P-C

BBTCBT701R01/MBTCBT701 Equipment Design and Drawing

3-1-0-4

BBTCBT702R01/MBTCBT702 Downstream Processing - II

3-1-0-4

BBTCBT703R01/MBTCBT703 Bioethics & Biosafety

3-1-0-4

BBTCBT704R01/MBTCBT704 Bioreactor Engineering Lab

0-0-3-2

BBTCBT705R01/MBTCBT705 Downstream Processing Lab

0-0-3-2

BBTDBT701/ MBTDBT701
BBTDBT707/ MBTDBT707
BBTDBT703/ MBTDBT703
BBTDBT704/ MBTDBT704
BBTDBT705/ MBTDBT705
BBTDBT706/ MBTDBT706

(Any 2)
Protein Engineering
Systems Biology
Transport Phenomena
Free Radicals and Antioxidant Biology
Genomics and Proteomics
Developmental Biology of Plants and Animals
Total

3-1-0-4
3-1-0-4
3-1-0-4
3-1-0-4
3-1-0-4
3-1-0-4
15-5-6-24

3-1-0-4
BBTCBT701R01/MBTCBT701: EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND DRAWING
Course Objectives: To equip students with the basic concepts of design of process
equipments and drawing of the same.
UNIT I

25 periods

Design of Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers and Condensers

Design of Calendria type evaporators
Design of fermentor (chemostat)
Design of Crystallizers
UNIT II

35 periods

Design of equipments for Distillation and Absorption (packed and plate column),
Design of Extraction column (plate).
Design of Spray dryer, freeze dryer, rotary dryer
Design of membrane contactors for liquid separations
TEXTBOOKS
1. Chemical Engineering, 3/e, R.K. Sinnott, J.M. Coulson & J.F. Richardson (Eds.), Vol. 6,
Butterworth Heinemann, 2002.
2. Process Design of Equipments, 3/e, Vols. 1 & 2, Shrikant D. Dawande, Central Techno
Publications, 2003.
3. Principals of mass transfer and separation process Binay K.Dutta, Prentice-Hall of India,
2007.
REFERENCES
1. Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, 7/e, R.H. Perry, D.W. Green, J.O. Maloney,
McGraw-Hill, 1997
2. Separation process principles, Seader, Hanley, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
3. http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/103103027/
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II

The learner will be able to apply the principles of transport process and make
process design and drawing of Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers, Condensers
Evaporators, fermentor (chemostat) and crystallizers
The learner will be able to make a detailed process design and drawing of
distillation, absorption, extraction, dryers and design of membrane contactors.

3-1-0-4
BBCBT702R01/MBTCBT702: DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING II
Course Objectives: To equip students with skills to design and develop a separation protocol
for biologically important compounds and its scale up aspects.
UNIT I

15 periods

ADSORPTION: Theories of adsorption Adsorption isotherms, industrial adsorbents,

adsorption equipment for batch and continuous operations (co-current and counter-current),
adsorption in fixed beds. Specific cases.
UNIT II

15 periods

CHROMATOGRAPHY: Chromatography principles of chromatographic separation gel

filtration, reverse- phase, hydrophobic interaction, ion-exchange, expanded-bed adsorption,
bio-affinity and IMAC, supercritical fluid chromatography. Selection of process -selection of
parameters-pH, Buffer, ligand and methods. Design and selection of chromatographic
matrices; modes of operation; design of large-scale chromatographic separation processesGel filtration, Ion exchange
UNIT III

15 periods

CRYSTALLIZATION: Crystallization: Factors governing nucleation and crystal growth. Theory

of crystallization. Design of industrial crystallizers: batch and continuous crystallizers.
Process integration: Synthesis of Downstream process, Automation in protein purification.
Downstream Processing plant and equipment and downstream processing economics
UNIT IV

15 periods

DRYING: Importance of drying in processes - drying characteristics of materials - theory and

mechanism of drying different types of drying classification of dryers - continuous
drying design features, performance of dryers - concepts of freeze drying, spray drying
auxiliary equipment required along with drying plants. Estimation of drying rate and drying
time in Dryers.
TEXTBOOKS

1. Product Recovery in Bioprocess Technology, BIOTOL Series, VCH Publishers, 1992.

2. Mass Transfer Operations, 3/e, R. E. Treybal, McGraw-Hill, 1980
3. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, 7/e, W. L. McCabe & J. C. Smith, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 2004.

REFERENCES
1.Separation Process Principles, 3/e, J.D. Seader, E.J. Henley, D. K. Roper, Wiley, 2011
Bioseparations, P. A. Belter & E. Cussler, Wiley, 1985.
2. Separation Processes in Biotechnology, J. Asenjo, M. Dekker, 1990.
3. Bioprocess Engineering principles, Pauline Doran, Publisher: Elsevier Science & Technology,
1995.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III
Unit IV

The learner will have an understanding of the concepts and equipment involved in
adsorption
The learner will get complete knowledge of liquid chromatography techniques and its
scale up techniques
The learner will have an understanding of the principles and methods of crystallization
process
The learner will have an understanding of the principles and methods of drying for
protein applications

3-1-0-4
BBTCBT703R01/MBTCBT703: BIOETHICS & BIOSAFETY
Course Objectives: To introduce bio-safety, bio-safety regulations and ethical concepts in
biotechnology
UNIT I
BIOSAFETY AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT

14 periods

Introduction to Bio-safety; Biosafety in laboratory- Laboratory associated infections and other

hazards; assessment of biological hazard & level of Biosafety; Prudent biosafety practices in
laboratory; Hazardous Materials Used in BiotechnologyHandling and Disposal including
radioactive materials; Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP); Good Laboratory Practices (GLP);
Use of genetically modified organisms & their release in environment; special procedures for
rDNA based product production.
UNIT II
BIOSAFETY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN INDIA

12 periods

Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC), Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC),

Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation, Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC),
State Biosafety Coordination Committee (SBCC), District Level Committee (DLC). Recombinant
DNA Guidelines (1990), Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants (1998), Seed
Policy (2002), Prevention Food Adulteration Act (1955), The Food Safety and Standards Bill
(2005), Plant Quarantine Order (2003), Regulation for Import of GM Products Under Foreign
Trade Policy (2006-2007), National Environment Policy (2006). Rules for the manufacture,
use/import/export and storage of hazardous microorganisms/genetically engineered organisms
or cells (Ministry of Environment and Forests Notification, 1989).
UNIT III
INTERNATIONAL BIOSAFETY-REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

12 periods

International: Convention of Biological Diversity (1992); Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety;

Objectives and salient features of Cartagena Protocol; Advanced Information Agreement (AIA)
procedure; procedures for GMOs intended for direct use-risk assessment-risk management;
handling, transport, packaging and identification of GMOs; Biosafety Clearing House;
unintentional trans-boundary movement of GMOs; Benefits of becoming a party to the
Cartagena Protocol ; Bioterrorism & conventions on biological weapons.
UNIT IV
Bioethics

12 periods

Introduction to bio-ethics; Ethical issues in genetic engineering, patenting human genes,

cloning, genetic testing & screening; Biotechnology & social responsibility; The legal & socioeconomic impact of Biotechnology; Public acceptance issue in Biotechnology-issue of access,
ownership, monopoly, traditional knowledge, public versus private funding.

UNIT V

10 periods

Regulatory requirements for Drug development and Clinical research

Basics of regulation of drug development; application and various phases of clinical trial,
specialized areas of drug development & commercialization.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Thomas J.A., Fush R.L., (2002), Biotechnology & safety Assessment, 3/e, Academic press.
2. Fleming D.A., Hunt D.L., (2002), Biological safety Principles & practices, 3/e, ASM Press,
Washington.
3. Biotechnology- A Comprehensive treatise (Vol 12), Legal economic & ethical Dimensions
VCH.
REFERENCES
1. Nilima Kshirsagar, Tejasree N Kulkarni, Anish Desai, Jatin Shah; Regulatory requirements for
drug development and clinical research (2013), ICMR, New Delhi.
2. Sasson A, Biotechnologies & Development, UNESCO Publications.
3. Regulatory Framework for GMOs in India (2006) Ministry of Environment and Forest,
Government of India,New Delhi
4. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2006) Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of
India, New Delhi

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III

Introduces the learners to bio-safety in laboratory, GLP and GMP; use of

radioisotopes in laboratory and hazard management; understand the hazards in
handling genetically modified organisms.
Introduces the learner to various national committees that set guidelines for use of
rDNA, GMO.
Introduces the learner to various international convention protocols and regulatory
policies that control handling transport of GMOs.

Unit IV

Introduces the learner to ethical issues in biotechnology.

Unit V

Introduces the learner to ethical and regulatory issues in drug development and
clinical research.

0-0-3-2
BBTCBT704R01/MBTCBT704: BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Course objectives: The laboratory course is aimed to provide hands-on experience to learners
on different fundamental aspects of bioprocess engineering.

List of Experiments
1. Assessment of the effect of pH on enzyme activity
2. Assessment of the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity
3. Assessment of the effect of temperature and heat on enzyme activity
4. Assessment of the effect of inhibitor concentration on enzyme activity
5. Production and optimization of amylase from corn in solid state fermentation.
6. Enzyme immobilization by entrapment in calcium alginate gel
7. Microbial growth kinetics and substrate utilization kinetics in batch culture.
8. Medium optimization by PLACKETT BURMAN METHOD
9. Lactic acid production from milk under aerobic and anaerobic condition.
10. kLa estimation by sodium sulphite oxidation method
11. kLa estimation by dynamic gassing out method.
12. Monitoring process variables during batch cultivation of bacterial strain.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of experiments, the learners will be able to:
Expt No.

Outcome

Calculate the optimum pH of enzymatic reaction

2
3

Estimate the enzyme kinetic parameters such as Vm and Km

Estimate the optimum temperature and stability of enzymatic reaction

Identify the type of enzyme inhibition
Estimate the activity of amylase and find out moisture content
Measure the immobilized enzyme kinetic parameters and compare with
free enzyme kinetic parameters
Estimate the substrate utilization rate and yield coefficient
Use Placket Burman method to identify the important variable in
fermentation
Compare the productivity of lactic acid under different conditions

10

Estimate volumetric mass transfer coefficient

11

Estimate the power requirement by volumetric mass transfer coefficient

Observe pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, substrate and
cell concentration during the fermentation

4
5
6
7
8

12

0-0-3-2
BBCBT705R01/MBTCBT705: DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING LABORATORY
Course objectives:
Provides an opportunity to experimentally verify the theoretical concepts already learnt
in the courses: Downstream processing-I & II.
To expertise in the separation and purification systems involved in bio-product recovery.
To learn, develop a successful separation protocol of the target bio-molecule.
List of Experiments

1. Cell Disruption: High-pressure homogenization

2. Cross Flow Filtration
3. Aqueous Two Phase Extraction
4. Reverse Miscellar Extraction
5. Ionic liquid based two phase extraction
6. Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation
7. Isoelectric Precipitation
8. Removal of small molecules using dialysis
9. Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX)
10. Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography(HIC)
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Expt. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Outcome
The student will be able to employ small scale cell disruption methods
The student will be able to harvest cells by cross flow filtration
The student will be able to use aqueous two phase extraction for protein
separation.
The student will be able to separate invertase using reverse miscellar extraction
systems
The student will be able to separate proteins using ionic liquid-based two phase
extraction
The learner will be able to separate protein by ammonium sulphate precipitation
The student will be able to employ isoelectric precipitation of proteins.
The student will be able to dialyze the protein
The student will be able to purify a protein using ion exchange chromatography
The student will be able to purify a protein using HIC

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT701/MBTDBT701: PROTEIN ENGINEERING
Course Objectives: To provide a fundamental knowledge of the methods used to engineer
protein molecules with novel properties and study the impact of the alterations on different
protein functions.
Unit I

15 periods

Protein Structure and Folding

Motifs in protein structure: amino acids; polypeptide structure; secondary structures - alpha
helix, beta sheets and loops; Ramachandran plot; topology diagrams; motifs helix-turn-helix,
helix-loop-helix, hairpin beta, greek key motif and beta-alpha-beta-multi domain proteins.
Protein folding: protein renaturation - determinants of protein folding; protein disulphide
isomerase; molecular chaperones- conformational diseases.
Unit II

15 periods

Protein Production & Engineering Methods

Protein expression; choice of expression systems; use of E. coli and S. cerevisiae for protein
production; post-translational manipulations; optimization of protein production; initial
purification.
In vitro mutagenesis: principle and variations - in vitro chemical mutagenesis oligonucleotide based mutagenesis - cassette mutagenesis PCR based mutagenesis - saturation
mutagenesis favoring the mutants; applications. Protein engineering using non-canonical amino
acids - methodologies; applications-side chain packing - backbone mutations- dissecting
collagen mutations
Unit III

15 periods

Strategies for Protein Design

Protein design; strategies for the design of structure - self-assembly - ligand-induced assembly assembly via covalent cross-linking - assembly of peptides on a synthetic template
Strategies for the design of function - novel functions by retrofitting natural proteins incorporation of binding sites into de novo proteins - design of catalytically active proteins membrane proteins and ion channels - design of new materials.
Unit IV

15 periods

Modulating protein structures and interaction by computational design

The core repacking problem; predicting native protein core sequences; early core designs; full
repacks and surface design; hydrogen bonding and polar residues in the core; altering protein
folds; experimental evaluation.
Geometry based design; stereochemistry based design; Applications of computationally
designed proteins - biosensors - therapeutic proteins and antibodies.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Introduction to Protein Structure, 2/e, C. Branden and J. Tooze, Garland Science, USA, 1999.
2. Protein Engineering and Design, 1/e, Paul R. Carey, Academic Press Inc, USA, 1996.
3. Protein Engineering and Design, 1/e, Sheldon J. Park, Jennifer R. Cochran, Taylor and
Francis Inc., CRC Press, USA, 2010.
REFERENCE
1. Protein Engineering: A Practical Approach, 1/e, A. R. Rees, M. J. E. Sternberg, R. Wetzel,
Oxford University Press, USA, 1993.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I

The learner will be able to understand physical aspects of protein structure, its
components and folding.

Unit II

The learner will get the exposure on recombinant protein production and mutagenesis
methods to engineer new protein constructs.

Unit III

The learner can obtain knowledge in various strategies to design protein structure
and function.

Unit IV

The learner will able to understand the different aspects involved in protein structure
design and interactions using computational and geometry based approaches.

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT707: SYSTEMS BIOLOGY

Course objective: (i) To introduce basic network biology principles and to demonstrate why
systems level understanding in biology is essential; (ii) to illustrate biological network based
information processing, regulation and control mechanisms through systems modeling.

UNIT I

15 periods

SYSTEMS BIOLOGY- FUNDAMENTALS

Scope, Historic perspective and Network biology: Traditionally biology - descriptive science;
Status of quantification - comparison with traditional engineering systems; Central dogma
-functional organization of biological networks, Hierarchical links and emergence of phenotypic
characteristics; Biochemical reaction networks: Principles - Enzyme kinetics, Michaelis-Menten
kinetics, Mass actions kinetics, Input Output response, Steepness, Threshold phenomenon,
Ultrasensitivity, Hill equation, Steady state and Dynamics response; Emergent properties of
biological networks: Complexity, Adaptability, Bistability, Robustness and Evolvability.

UNIT II

15 periods

TRANSCRIPTION NETWORK
Introduction to network motifs and detection from random networks, Elements of transcription
networks, Emergent properties of biological networks, Dynamics and response time of simple
gene regulation, Autoregulation-A network motif, Response time and Robustness.

UNIT III

15 periods

FEED FORWARD LOOPS & TEMPORAL AND GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF TRANSCRIPTION

NETWORKS
Types of Feed Forward Loops (FFLs) in networks motifs and their specific properties-Dynamics,
Sign sensitive delay, Response acceleration, Convergent evolution of FFLs; Temporal
expression programs-Single input module (SIM), Topological generalization, Multi-Output FFL,
Bi-Fans, Dense overlapping regulons, Network motifs and global structure

UNIT IV

15 periods

NETWORK MOTIF USAGE & CASE STUDIES

Network motif usage in (i) Developmental transcription networks, (ii) Signal transduction
networks, (iii) Neuronal networks; Case studies: (i) Robustness of protein circuits the example
of chemotaxis, E. coli chemotaxis network, exact adaptation (ii) Robustness patterning in
development - Morphogen profiles, Fruit fly patterning (iii) Threshold and Negative feedback
loop in rhythmic processes (oscillations) of complex biological system, Circadian Rhythm.
REFERENCE
1. Introduction to Systems Biology. URI ALON. Chapman and Hall/CRC Mathematical and
Computational Biology, 2007.
2. Systems Modeling in Cellular Biology: From Concepts to Nuts and Bolts, Edited By
ZOLTAN SZALLASI, JRG STELLING, VIPUL PERIWAL. Princeton Hall of India. ISBN:
978-81-203-3172-3, 2007.
3. Computational Modeling of Genetic and Biochemical Networks," Edited by JAMES M.
BOWER and HAMID BOLOURI, MIT press, 2004.
4. Relevant research articles.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Unit I

The learner will get an introductory understanding and overview of systems level
network modelling in biology. The learner will be able to appreciate why
quantifications in biology is essential. The learner will be able to represent biological
systems in terms of mathematical expressions.

Unit II

The learner will get familiarised with the transcription networks in general and the
learner will be able to identify, quantify and analyse simple motifs in transcription
networks.

Unit III

The learner will be able to identify, quantify and analyse feed forward loops in
transcription networks. In addition they will also be able to appreciate the role of
network motifs in orchestrating the temporal and global behaviour in biological
systems.

Unit IV

The learner will be able to understand the usage of assorted range of network motifs
by diverse biological systems to elicit specific phenotypic characteristics. In addition
the learner will get familiarised with three case specific examples.

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT703/MBTDBT703: TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Course Objective: To help the learners understand the concept of mathematical modelling,
equations of change and develop models for new systems

UNIT I

11 periods

Mechanism of momentum, heat & mass transport; Newtons law of viscosity; Fouriers laws of
heat conduction; Ficks laws of diffusion; pressure & temperature dependence of viscosity;
conductivity & diffusivity; theory of viscosity; conductivity & mass diffusivity; Non-Newtonian
fluids.
UNIT II

10 periods

Introduction to shell balances; boundary conditions. Velocity distributions in laminar flow; flow of falling
film; flow through circular tube; flow through an annulus; adjacent flow of two immiscible fluids; creeping
flow around a solid sphere.

UNIT III

15 periods

Equations of change for isothermal systems: Equation of continuity; equation of motion;

equation of mechanical energy; Eulers equation of motion; Navier-Stokes equation; steadystate flow problems; dimensional analysis of equation of change.
UNIT IV

12 periods

Temperature distributions in solids: Heat conduction with an electrical heat source; heat
conduction with nuclear heat source; viscous heat source; chemical heat source; composite
walls; cooling fin.
UNIT V

12 periods

Concentration distributions in laminar flow:

Diffusion through a stagnant gas; diffusion with heterogeneous chemical reaction,
homogeneous chemical reaction; diffusion into a falling liquid film; forced-convection mass
transfer; diffusion & chemical reaction inside a porous catalyst; effectiveness factor.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Transport Phenomena, 2/e, Bird, Stewart & Lightfoot, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.
2. Transport Process & Unit Operations, 3/e, J. Christie & G. Koplis, Prentice-Hall of India,
2003.
3. Transport Phenomena, J. Thomson, Pearson Education Asia Ltd., 2001.

REFERENCES
1. Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer, J. R. Welty, R. E. Wilson & L. E. Wick,
John Wiley (ISE), 2001.
2. Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer, Bennett & Mayers, McGraw-Hill, 1982.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III
Unit IV
Unit V

At the end of this unit the learner will be able to explain the mechanisms of
transport and make analogy of transport processes; understand transport
properties and predict transport properties.
At the end of this unit the learner will be able to write shell momentum
balance and develop mathematical models for fluid flow systems
At the end of this unit the learner will be able to understand and apply
equation of continuity and motion
At the end of this unit the learner will be able to write shell energy balance
and develop models for heat conduction with various heat sources
At the end of this unit the learner will be able to write shell mass balance
and develop models mass of transport systems

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT704/MBTDBT704: FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT BIOLOGY
Course Objectives: Provide an understanding on Free Radicals, its formation in cell systems,
attenuation and detection techniques; mechanism of Anti-cancer drug in prevention of
carcinogenesis.
UNIT - I
Free Radicals and Cellular Damage

15 Periods

Oxidative Stress- Conditions favouring free radicals-Dysfunctional of Complex I-I/R stress

factors. Free radicals- Reactive Oxygen species [ROS]- Reactive Nitrogen Species- Chemistry
& Synthesis. ROS Production -Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase system-lipoxygenase systemNADPH Oxidase-Aconitase Enzyme.Role of Fe [II] in ROS generation- Fentons Reaction.RNS
Production-Nitric Oxide synthetase- their classification-iNOS- eNOS&nNOS; Arginine-Citrulline
reaction. Organelle involved in free radical formation-Mitochondria- sites of Free radical
formation-electron transport chain-Complex I& Complex III.
Cellular Damages by Free Radicals
Membrane Damages-Oxidation of Proteins-Fatty acids- Lipid Peroxidation-Oxidation of
Sulfhydryl groups. ROS induced DNA Damages- Oxidation of Guanine Residues-8
hydroxyguanine [8-OH-dG] adduct formation-detection assays-Comet Assay, TUNEL AssayDNA Ladder Assay. Protein Oxidation-Lipid Peroxidation and its detection. Poly (ADP-ribose)
Polymerase
UNIT - II
Endogenous Antioxidants in Free Radical Reduction

15 Periods

Anti-oxidants Definition. Diet Derived small Molecules as anti-oxidants : Vitamin C-Vitamin EBilirubin- Ubiquinone N-Acetyl Cysteine- Chemistry of Free radical quenching. Endogenous
Anti-oxidants :- Superoxide Dismutase [SOD]-Mn-SOD, Cu-Zn SOD & Fe-SOD; Catalase. NonEnzymatic Antioxidants-Glutathione-Thioredoxin -detoxification in mitochondria- their assayslocalization.
UNIT - III
Cellular Responses to Oxidative Damages

15 Periods

Physiological Role of Free Radicals- Signal transduction-MAPK Cascade. Carcinogenesis- Cell

Proliferation- Role of NF-kB- Signaling Cascade- Cell survival Mechanisms-PI3-K/Akt pathwayRas/Raf/MEKK/ERK1/2. Anti-Cancer Drug-Doxorubicin triggered Apoptosis- Cell Death
Pathway- Extrinsic Pathway-ATM/ChK1/p53 Pathway- Intrinsic-Bax/Cytochrome-C/Caspases
Triggered Apoptotic Pathway-. Inflammation-Parkinson Disease-Ischemic-Reperfusion [I/R]
UNIT - IV
Free Radicals Detection Techniques

15 Periods

ROS Detection-TBARS; Cyt C/NBT; Fluoresence Assays in cell cultures CMH2DCFDA- HE

Assay- Flow Cytometric method-Quantification of ROS. EPR Detection- Spin Trapping-MPODEPEMPO. RNS Detection : NOS Activity measurement-Nitration Assay- peroxy nitrite Probes.

TEXTBOOK
1. Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine [2007] Barry Halliwell and John Gutteridge(eds).,
Fourth Edition., Oxford University Press., 781 pages

REFERENCES
1. Redox Signaling and Regulation in Biology and Medicine [2009] Claus Jacob and Paul
G Winyard (eds)., Fourth Edition., Oxford University Press., 441 pages
2. Advanced Protocols in Oxidative Stress Vol I (2008) Donald Armstrong (ed) Fourth
edition., Humana Press., 477 Pages.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I

At the end of this Unit, students get an understanding on free radicals of oxygen,
nitrogen, their sites of formation, their deleterious effects on cell system and
metabolism.

Unit II

Having learnt on deleterious effects caused by free radicals, students understand on

cells protection system. They get to know the various possible ways of defense
systems, their attenuation pathways.

Unit III

Going in depth, they now correlate on free radical generation towards prevention of
cancer growth along with cell signaling pathways offering protection in normal cells.

Unit IV

Having learnt bio-chemical pathways, they are exposed to various techniques

available on free radicals detection, both as invitro & in-situ methods.

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT705/MBTDBT705: GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS
Course Objective: To learn about the large scale of protein and genes, particularly their
structures and functions, information flow within a cell, gene organization and network and
genome variation at the DNA level towards the fundamental understanding on the life process
and disease.
UNIT I

15 periods

INTRODUCTION TO GENOMICS: What is genomics; The human genome; phenotypegenotype; contents of human genome; genes that encode proteome; varieties of genome
orientation; genome sequencing projects; variations within and between populations; human
genome sequencing; the human genome and medicine.
GENOME MAPPING AND SEQUENCE: Maps and guides; whole genome sequencing preliminary sequencing-completed sequencing- genome annotation; partial sequences; protein
function prediction from DNA sequence; proteins from gene; altering gene expression;
imprinting, methylation and cancer.
UNIT II

15 periods

GENOME VARIATION: Variation in human genome; mutation and allele; human SNPs-role of
SNPs in skin pigmentation and malaria resistance; mitochondrial SNPs; variations in medication
responsiveness; changes in non disease QTL due to SNPs.
COMPARATIVE GENOMICS Unity and diversity of life differences in genomes - genomes of
human and chimpanzees- genomes of mice and rats
UNIT III

15 periods

GENOMES OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES: Evolution and phylogenetic relationship

in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; genomes of archaea and pathogenic bacteria; yeast genome;
evolution of plant; genomes of sea squirt, chicken and dog.
DNA MICROARRAYS: Cancer and genomic microarrays- better ways to diagnose and treat
cancer; breast cancer categorization with microarrays; improving health care with DNA
Microarrays- efficacy of TB vaccine; predicting effective drugs in different types of cancers;
genomic responses to leptin treatments and fat; accumulation.
UNIT IV

15 periods

PROTEOMICS: Gene ontology terms; introduction to protein structure and function- enzyme
catalysis-motor proteins-allosteric regulation-serpins; protein aggregation diseases; measuring
proteins-2D gels-mass spectrometry; ; protein microarray; the role of single-protein molecules
and single-cell proteomes.
GENOMIC CIRCUITS: Dissecting a genes circuitry-gene regulation-molecular dissection of
development- gene expression in Endo 16-regulation of transcription; natural gene circuits gene toggle switches - lambda phage switch; engineering principles to determine genome
reliability; engineered genetic toggle switches.

TEXTBOOKS
1. Arthur M. Lesk Introduction to Genomics, 2e, Oxford University press, 2012
2. A. Malcolm Campbell, Laurie J. Heyer, Discovering Genomics, Proteomics &
Bioinformatics, 2e, Pearson Education, 2007.
REFERENCE
1. Werner Dubitzky, Martin Granzow, Daniel P. Berrar, Fundamentals of data mining in
genomics and proteomics, 1e, Springer, 2007

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III
Unit IV

The learner will get fundamental knowledge on genomes and experimental steps
towards genome mapping and sequencing.
The learner can understand the genomic variations, its importance in life
process/disease.
The learner can study the significance genomic data to understand evolution and
applications of DNA microarray to study various diseases
The learner can gain fundamental knowledge in the proteomics tools to understand
different biological functions and the role of proteins in the genome circuits.

3-1-0-4
BBTDBT706/MBTDBT706: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Course Objectives: To help the learners recognise the steps involved in organism
development from a single cell
Unit I
EARLY EMBRYOLOGY

15 periods

Introduction, Comparative and evolutionary embryology, Animal embryology, early embryonic

development - invertebrates and vertebrates, mitosis and meiosis, primordial germ cells,
gametes-cellular components, fertilization.
Unit II
MOLECULAR MECHANISM

15 periods

Molecular events in the universal mechanism of animal development, signalling mechanisms,

Coenorhabditis elegans- developmental control; Drosophila- genesis of body plan, patterning of
antero-posterior axis.
Unit III
LATE EMBRYOLOOGY

15 periods

Cell movement and shaping of vertebrate body-Xenopus embryo; Mouse- embryo development,
Late embryonic development-neuronal development, organogenesis and the patterning of
appendages, metamorphosis, regeneration and aging.
Unit IV
PLANT EMBRYOLOGY

15 periods

Plant development, germ line cells, fertilization, seed, and germination, plant hormones in
development, oriented cell division, vegetative growth, reproductive growth and senescence.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Molecular biology of the cell, 5th ed. Bruce Alberts, Garland science, USA, 2008.
2. Developmental Biology, 6th ed. S. F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates, USA, 2000.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Unit I
Unit II
Unit III
Unit IV

The student will be able to explain cellular details of gametes and recognise steps
involved in embryo formation.
The learner will be able to describe the molecular mechanism of early and late
embryology.
The learners will be able to distinguish the steps involved in organ development and
they can infer how mature organisms develop.
The learners will distinguish and recognise steps involved in plant development from a
single cell to multi cellular plant