--
WELL TE
N_l
detailed analysis of existing processing and transportation facilities must be performed to determine the requirements for tying in
new wells. A number of techniques
are available.
'
J.
Varg,-s
Falcr EDl:
L"tt. Clgary
as follows:
tlan 16 ppm
requires
meeti1; certain product specifications
an,,1 istalling a distribution network.
.
.
A typical
of
1. Removal
Gas uells
(ZVo
accuracy
4. Compression
pipeline pressure.
of gas to
tle
Soun gas
N a
ffiit
]vE l00
ffi
]
il
1]
].l
L.
:i l) l]
il
1|
-i
d
yrs
ll&9.sdul-ffi
ors
,i - ',,i'O
'V
.
ef*6
lnsulaled
;
]
Hytlralas
paldntial
"
sparalOr
m
elOi
NOte; M
; elt
TEGHNtO8Y
through flow lines, the pressure and
temperature drop causes liquid hydrocarbons and water to condense. To
avoid these liquids, pipeline compa-
as
1)
sour well, for example, the first decision is if the H2S content is greater
than 400 ppm. If yes, then the next
oil-tll
Tlis sgle
Both the scavenged and non-scavenged options require that the potential for hydrate formation be determined.
If the gas has no potential for hydrate formation, the gas is only metered before entering the sales
Thuniler Enetgy Ltil.'s Roalinil sow oil battery hanilles 7,600 bolil Gig.3).
lean/nich gas
llil ells
Oil wells can be classified by the produced crude such as heavy, intermediate, light, sour, sweet, waxy, and
tightly
a viscosity
viscosity
TEcHNtOGY
or
struc litn,
X
l!il\r il!
follorying nray
.
'.
F{t.t
Llt
j.llN
. Electrostatic precipitators.
Crudes .re typically treated to
0.5% bs&w, below 100 cp viscosity,
and 10 Rvp, which means that the
crude vapor pressure at 100o F. is 10
psia. These specifications provide a
stable product with minimal volatility.
wells
. Cs remoal-Associated
gas is
renrtved by providing the crude
witlr settling time and heat. This is
typically achieved initially in an inlet
brken.
the
th-, ,sso-iated
gas
gas, r.itht r
- ilarig.
ed every
l i,ri,li,si
o1 plt1 ll, s ls
lrrs
_10
ll-Ji le }J.5.
lir Ii,c,,4rlel1.
lJ i tlt, f'
fiers.
in
*,ailll,J nlr,
scfd.
disposng f
(,)l.
ai)UiV
i [;,y. lli
required:
. Well fsfs-Individual
|, \l,.,ls
]l lil
'! lu's,ltlll
i
l]l )i] 1-1l.,
te
Vr,;s
,,1l-
(f
cili t
ti t,n,
()il trt,atig is tt a
exact sc,i-.rce
crt-]r, lt,[ps
trcittld to 10 Rvp.
[icilitics. trnc
ca
rt
ta arrl .-ltctets
. Wcll
lines, dwellings
in the vicinity,
titr
and
together
with the pipeline right-of-way. The
pipeline right-of-way should show all
pipeline crossings before reaching the
tie-in point, for example roads, creeks,
rivers, cables, etc.
. sales specifications and special
sttrag-
p,:rtje-,t
iitrr-
tion. 'l-his .,i bt rJ,rc witl [hratring binder (project manual) to store
all project information. The project
manual should contain the following
information categories or divisions:
. Correspondence
. Design basis
. Surveys and site layout 1-lan
. Project management (cost
and
schedule)
. Process design (process flow diagr.r,t/ PFD, and material/crergv Lltrrce)
err
ct n si
Facilities peciilcatlon
is
pl,ro
v a ls /
e r,i ro
tits)
Meclrarical clt,sig
e t
c rr
/
.
. Elcctric[/instr-nerttit tlcigl /
. Qtality c,trtrl *
' Miior ctl_ipent irl'cr,rtior
(bicls, speci ica iir,s, ptrch;rse rrrd trs,
perftrnco, r.t.,,) ftr scpira[trs,
co]lL),ess()rs, lie lrtaters, pL,,p5/
pipelies, rcfriger;ticr plrt, ctc.
. Co,structit-.
cJ
can
be
simulated with
21 ,
998
TEOlNLGY
re
WE|.L
TlE-lN-Gonclusion
}.
Vargas
Calgary
wells to production
1,800
economics.
1,600
. Equipment layout
. Process flow diagram (PFD)
. Environmental/regulatory approvals
. Pile/civil design layout
' piping and instrument drawings (P&IDs)
. Process control strategy (PLC)
. Electrical single-line drawings
. Electrical load balance
],r100
6
a
0
]
o
fI
],r00
1,000
B00
00
400
a00
0
250
Ten,}peralure
Fig,2
0nbtlstiOn
combslioil
Auto ignitOr
Flae taGk
lncinsatO
,
'_'- .-*
+
i
l Reqenerator
Regenoralo
overhead
condense
purchased
sweel lLel
9as
EsDV,
TE
Emergen0y
shul.down valvo
TriethylEne glyc0l
Nc:
{ormal|y c|ood
oGJ]
TEcHNtGY
:
Fig. 3
lte plot
Locatign well
ovnnnnl Od 6ll0walc0
hl0Odo uasl ror
Rollinq snnl
hill
?.h
lil8l e
[0m c0.0R
- _,-.-.
Table
Shutdown key
Isometric drawings
Bill of materials.
unl Quantlty
Deeription
2,50
Suvtyig
Permils:
2,349
12
7.75
7.75
2,500
2,50Q
500
1,50Q
75
45m
]50
10m
Linepipe construction:
Hod c!QsSlnqS
Pipeliqe crossings
Cloeh clossi,gs
Cable crossings
Tilnbe salVaqc
PipeliQ constfuction 4 il, 2 x 2 in.
Swan]p WeiOhts
RockslieId
3,000
550
2,349
28,1 88
2,349
18,204
2,960
22,940
Each
Each
Each
Each
Cord
Each
0 Each
7 Each
0 Each
1 Each
240 Cord
2,600 m
0 Each
0m
Total plpalne
0
17,500
1,500
1B,000
1 17,000
0
0
232,755
Scada oq.]lpmenl
lnsulaton
7Q,0o0
67,o00
Now
Now
23,000
Each
Each
Lump sum
2,1,000
17,Q00
75,000
24,000
a,000
19,000
25,000
7,000
Each
Each
Each
Ngw
Each
Each
Lump sum
Totsl mateial
constucion:
lnspectlon supervlson
X-ray slross relievg
Transporaion
Engineering
Toal englmgt/qc
59/o
70,000
67,000
21,000
23,000
17,000
75,000
24,000
2,000
19,000
25,000
7,000
450,000
32,000
3,000
,l
,200
Lump sum
Day
Day
,l9
14
DaVs
Dai/s
Total contruction
Engineerlng & management:
subtotal
Contingoncy @
5,872
Lump sunl
Lump sum
Linepipe naterialsi
.1 in NoM 0.]56 n, W.T.
LiR359 CATl SS EnW
32,000
57,000
,l6,800
105,800
600
Day
sum
Lump sum
Man hours
16,000 Lump
'l2,000
60
30
830
Budgot
unlt ($ Canadlan,
Days
18,000
16,000
,l2,000
49,800
95,800
893,778
45,000
938,777
14,000
952,778
For the sour gas well, the recombined hydrocarbons were input to tle
. Incinerator-The
incinerator
85
TEcHN(tGY
Fig. 4
k
Dlill wall
6$,
W9ll eq!lpqlao
3w
tgd
naOulaory
Pipgltn pEiltiil
1w
Fdelity parnl
aw
Aqntnclian pqfmil
.)
{0d
wll
Apr|l
Mafch
B ]li .:) J:) 1 1., ].)
'ebuaryi
t i ] : t
namo
7d
En9iaaring
PFD maefial balane
4d
EtlulPlr]sit layrl
rc
'H
lina
aw
11
R,lqtltr]a an0l
1a
ofrlQrmloroquipl?.ll
l3
P,999j:
.ct
l4
:oundaln dgailflfi
15
Elg!fiaI daBile
Pipin$ layoB
ild
17
PLc
7d
1B
df
awing
prorm
p.aulamnt
t8t
2q
a:!o" lln_pip
3!qq_E
,8w
qonda!Q
1w
.4w
hoinafetar
6w
e4
Flr
ew
[El@9q!!uq._
aw
e6
walil
aw
i.'.
tanlr
a8
F]qq
tQ
tw
2a
,tderp gliPmnt
3w
30
ffi
away.
pip9 valua.lltgd
i|u_p!9pn!c!]9!
33
r]p_!!ilE!]a!
34
!_ug!Ea!!E-l!!9-
Rl ids
?9.
Pipng tao-inS
& tlaro
ffi
eration.
ffi
ffi
1d
_E_
2d
ffi
-_|9
7d
_9
7d
ff
Tak
rc
erilleltk
ffi
4d
to
ry
2w
37
s8
9tt
ontruo|lon
3P
ry
ffi
ffi
w9llhd ED
Eummary
exit-
-6w
3d
l:()r
=_
111|11f5
'1,|v
in thc .limtds
.t r,li:l, ntt,,ia1 bal_
|lr. sh,eas ,s dt,termined.
rnLt,rs
Fre*ffiry
ad
_ _^ _
!l!,,!e gr!j].s
. ffil
ffi
w
ffi
|]l a l) t.
) 1,1
ry
10
the
llt]|llonll(,l\\,\ll|()
l.,,gr,1,1.,1,,1|,l1,,lllrl
,j,.isr.s (I l.). .1111 tI,ns|'t],ns tht,il tt)
-D
fro
was mandatory.
It is important to run project economics when facilities are selected, to
ensure the most cost-effective alternative is selected.
Ilesign
ance,
specified.
.*t\-
6?\aL.t0^^")
Oct
and
TEcHNOtY
Fig. 5
{*
EBv
*uJ*,o,
ESDv
lilo /'i
^^U
Flow
Crude
ank
l
-'ra @" E
,->l
_l
FE
knockout
t-+ ._J\
o
Flow olgnent
ESoV: Emo9ecy
shutdown valve
BTU/hr (48.22hp).
Tlre incinerator was sized by
means of stream "OVHD" in the madesigned for 10 MMscfd.
All long-delivery
equipment was
ordered based on the PFD information ad associated equipment sizing.
Table 1 and Fig. 4 slow the cost
and schedule for this proiect.
equipment layout drawing, environmental approval, process and instrumentation drawings, civil drawings,
piping layout/material lists, line list,
shutdown key for PLC programming,
and area electrical classification.
Gonstnuction
Fig. 5 shows tle PFD for the battery. Material balance calculations on
the streams were done at the points
tl"e
at atmospheric pressure
Equipment $izing
2,
,1998
TEcHNt(GY
---
Fig. 6
F. ard 40 psia suction witl a discharge of 300 psia and 700 Mscfd. The
vapor recovery unit (VRU) takes gas
at atmospheric pressure and 80" F.
10-15
creaseS
stalling such equipment must be carefully considered. Our company's experience has been that it is quicker and
cheaper to custom build equipment
rather than modify used equipment. A
prime example was the treater. A new
ffi
ras
Cltical9k
l't?
Summary
Mlleslono
AEUB
Mcc
=
=
Design, Gon$tnuction
TEcHNtGY
Fig, 7
Liiso qiiu
.ll] p] |l,i]j:, i }..!i] ::a:|: , .s i,i] ji,.l,i
]r -., ]., ],. l,.i r..i"la}
ll,..il, ,.i :a . l, .i,. :\aij
^'oe
i):a iti
;} t)
]}]
|i|.]
.)
l na
i(iii
0.0l
'om
ul|ll!!e
|la.egock
l
I
-i.Ii(lt,a.tl
P 9s' *
t
trlsrl,ofl e}
a,/
($ Canadian)
Government ragtllalory
Pipqlir]o,'batt(.ry
subtotals:
l]m
LineDioe malerials:
n] io,, x O 15l W.T.
3 i. NQt x 1.156 W.]'.
4 in. NOM x 0.25 W.T (linod)
6 in NoM x 0, l88 w,T.
32
Llnopipe conslruction:
2B
Sublotals:
subtotals:
8,900
a6,700
$m
15,000
1,650
43,350
n,l
1.160
,1,00
,1,500
:*
$lm
sln
sm
$lm
11,600
64,500
97,500
60,800
234,400
45,00Q
290,000
70,000
1 72,000
18,000
46,Q00
e35,000
,37,000
160,000
1
15,00Q
17,000
1B,000
95,000
140,o00
LS
Ls
L
L
8,860
2d8,080
278,080
90,000
290,00o
70,000
1 72,000
18,000
1 84,000
235,000
,137,000
,l
Ls
.1
Ls
Ls
Ls
LS
LS
lQ
160,000
15,000
1 7,000
18,000
95,000
140,000
LS
Ls
LS
Ls
construction:
Access road
sublota|:
subtotals:
30,000
37,500
16,000
207,000
230,000
700
19,000
29,000
Ls
,74,000
30,000
37,500
16.000
207,000
230,000
520,500
LS
L
Ls
Ls
Day
50 $lunit
35,000
19,000
29,000
197,213
280,21 3
3,097,543
774,385
Total
3,871,928
Contingency
LS
BOOKs
lc
FWKO Vessel
Trealer W/4.8 MMBTUlhf Fube
250 bbl pop lank
lQ
10
15
65
Sublotals:
unils
AFE cost
Quantty Typo ($ Canadlan)
LS
el,]Vornll,el)lal
unl priee
Survoyin;
Land aCqUlsillOn
.up
L[jJ
Table 2
Descrlplion
'
anthakumar
bers, $149